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The Kong Koan as a government body was inseparable from the institution of
Chinese officers, who were high-ranking civil administrators, appointed by the Dutch colonial authorities to govern the local Chinese community in colonial Indonesia. In the larger cities, the active officers sat as a council,
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still raging in the
Javanese heartland, the colonial authorities felt a need to have a better relationship with Batavia's Chinese community. This led in 1742 to the reconstitution of the capital's informal Chinese community organisation as the Kong Koan of Batavia, an official government body within
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granted a plot of land to be used as a
Chinese cemetery. According to de Roo de La Faille, the voluntary community organisation that managed the cemetery became the precursor of the Kong Koan. In the following decades, this community organisation acquired more government-related functions under the
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The history of other
Chinese councils is neither as old nor as well documented. The Kong Koan of Surabaya became defunct in the 1930s following the abolition of the system of Chinese officers. Similarly, the Kong Koan of Semarang, which was only founded in 1835, was dismantled in 1931.
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the Kong Koan, in order to adjudicate justice, govern the local
Chinese community and implement the directives of the colonial government. In executing these responsibilities, the Kong Koan had its own administrative staff, headed by the First Secretary or
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in those cities. It acted as both a judicial and executive authority and constituted part of the Dutch colonial system of
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Among the
Chinese Councils of colonial Indonesia, the Kong Koan of Batavia was — in the words of Mary Somers Heidhues — "
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Voluntary
Organizations in the Chinese Diaspora: Illusions of Open Space in Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Shanghai
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The
Batavia historian, P. de Roo de La Faille, traces the origin of the first Kong Koan to 1660, when the
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In 1750, the council acquired an official secretary, then in 1766 an adjunct secretary. In 1809,
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De
Chinese gemeenschap van Batavia, 1843–1865: een onderzoek naar het Kong Koan-archief
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The
Chinese Annals of Batavia, the Kai Ba Lidai Shiji and Other Stories (1610–1795)
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of Batavia set up a subsidiary office on the southern side of the city, closer to
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142:) provided the newly recognised council with its first Kong Tong or tribunal at
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Kong Koan Papers (吧城公館) from the Chinese Council of Batavia
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Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia
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the Dutch colonial bureaucracy. The High Government (
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400:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
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258:Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
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233:Chinese Indonesian surname
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131:Chinese Massacre of 1740
129:In the aftermath of the
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485:Government of Indonesia
475:Government institutions
394:Chen, Menghong (2011).
209:in Digital Collections
166:government department.
238:1740 Batavia massacre
191:Republic of Indonesia
152:Kapitein der Chinezen
95:Further information:
432:. Amsterdam: BRILL.
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268:List of Kapitan Cina
243:Java War (1741–1743)
193:in the early 1950s.
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454:Categories
274:References
187:Tongkangan
52:Raad Tjina
48:Indonesian
75:kong tong
18:kong koan
217:See also
148:Old Town
91:Overview
84:gōngtáng
35:gōngguǎn
110:History
104:Toa Tju
22:Chinese
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