2397:
2749:
2765:
460:
2520:
2537:
1054:?) using banging sounds, and fulfilled the promise to visit their homes. Extracted as real-life experience from a Mrs. Kalodzky, who was visiting peasants named Dorothea and Michael Engelbrecht. As promised, these kobolds appeared in the house in shadow as small human-like figures "more like a little image carved out of black shining wood". The informant claims she and her husband have both seen the beings since, and described them as "diminutive black dwarfs about two or three feet in height, and at that part which in the human being is occupied by the heart, they carry the round luminous circle", and the sighting of the circle is more common than the dwarfish beings.
36:
1071:
2785:) kobold is explained in legend which tells of a female servant taking a fancy to her house's kobold and asking to see him. The kobold refuses, claiming that to look upon him would be terrifying. Undeterred, the maid insists, and the kobold tells her to meet him later—and to bring along a pail of cold water. The kobold waits for the maid, nude and with a butcher knife in his back. The maid faints at the sight, and the kobold wakes her with the cold water. And she never wished to see the Chimgen ever again.
4685:, but classified neither under "C, Appearance-based names" with the cat-name Hinzelmann nor under "E pet names/shortened affectionate names of people", but under H. literary names. Lecouteux's dictionary gives "Heinzelmännchen" as one "coined from first names", and groups it with Wolterken, Niss, Chimken (all kobold names), in contrast to HdA. Note a recent publication has a "Kobold" chapter has included a map of Germany plotting subtype kobold names for each region, but the Cologne area is left blank.
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1331:
2133:
1263:
1207:
3423:
1310:
1193:
16233:
14805:
1296:
1345:
1277:
1179:
1221:
2472:
1165:
1151:
1443:
3458:
Ellett has recorded one rumour that a crew even threw its captain overboard for denying the existence of the ship's
Klabautermann. Heinrich Heine has reported that one captain created a place for his ship's Klabautermann in his cabin and that the captain offered the spirit the best food and drink he had to offer. Klabautermanns are easily angered. Their ire manifests in pranks such as tangling ropes and laughing at sailors who shirk their chores.
1435:
1424:
1408:
1285:
1249:
1235:
1365:
16223:
1460:
1416:
14815:
1451:
1400:
1354:
1320:
1835:, and is recognized as a "genuine" kobold tale. The tale is set in Denmark, whose king received the gift of a polar bear and lodges at a peasant's house infested by a "schretel". But the it is driven away by the ferocious bear, which the spirit thinks is a "big cat". Obviously Scandinavian origin is suspected, with the Norwegian version retaining the polar bear which turns into other beasts in Central European variants.
1137:
1123:
1392:
1690:
1984:(diminutive of Heinrich), particularly associated with Cologne, could easily be added to this roster, it is actually separated out as a "Category H Literary name" in the HdA, apparently regarded as a late literary invention or reconstruction. The Heinzelmännchen is also clearly distinguished from the Hinzelmann in current scholarship, according to modern linguist
2420:
kobolds known made as much bread as a baker could need. However, the people of the various shops could not suppress their curiosity at seeing them, and the schemes to see them. A tailor's wife strewed peas on the stairs to trip them so she could see them. Such endeavors caused the sprites to disappear at all the shops in
Cologne, before around the year 1780.
3454:
preventing the ship from sinking. The
Klabautermann is associated with the wood of the ship on which it lives. It enters the ship via the wood used to build it, and it may appear as a ship's carpenter. The Klabautermann typically appears as a small, pipe-smoking humanlike figure wearing a yellow nightcap-style sailor's hat and a red or grey jacket.
6556:
else I can liken them to. Dorothea kissed her hands to these dreadful little shapes, and
Michael bowed with great reverence. As for me and my companions, we were so awe-struck yet amused at these comical shapes, that we could not move or speak until they themselves seemed to flit about in a sort of wavering dance, and then vanish, one by one.
253:, the sprite transforms into a feather to follow the horse carriage. It also appears as a marten and serpent after attempts at expelling it. The name has been analyzed by Grimm to refer to the spirit appearing in the guise of a cat, the name Hinz being an archetypical name for cats. Although Hinze is also a
5170:
Georgii
Agricolae Kempnicensis Medici Ac Philosophi Clariss. De Re Metallica Libri XII.: Quibus Officia, Instrumenta, Machinae, Ac Omnia Denique Ad Metallicam Spectantia, Non Modo Luculentissime describuntur; sed & per effigies, suis locis insertas ... ita ob oculos ponuntur, ut clarius tradi non
3181:
means "to have luck at play". However, kobold gifts may be stolen from the neighbours; accordingly, some legends say that gifts from a kobold are demonic or evil. Nevertheless, peasants often welcome this trickery and feed their kobold in the hopes that it continue bringing its gifts. A family coming
3123:
Even friendly kobolds are rarely completely good, and house kobolds may do mischief for no particular reason. They hide things, push people over when they bend to pick something up, and make noise at night to keep people awake. The kobold Hödekin of
Hildesheim roamed the walls of the castle at night,
264:
But its true form is often said to be that of a small child, sometimes only felt to be as such by the touch of the hand, but sometimes a female servant eager to see it is shown a dead body of a child (cf. Hinzelmann).The folklore was current in some regions, e.g. Vogtland that the kobold was the soul
2419:
The
Heinzelmännchen of Cologne resemble short, naked men. Like typical house sprites, they were said to perform household chores such as baking bread, laundry, etc. But they remained beyond sight of humans. Bakers in the city in the early 19th century never needed hired help because, each night, the
6555:
Before any of us could rise to examine it, four more lights appeared almost simultaneously, about the same shape, and varying only in size. Surrounding each one was the dim outline of a small human figure, black and grotesque, more like a little image carved out of black shining wood, than anything
2902:
meaning "drake" or "dragon") or kobold flies through the air as a blue stripe and carries grain. "If a knife or a fire-steel be cast at him, he will burst, and must let fall what which he is carrying". Some legends say the fiery kobold enters and exits a house through the chimney. Legends dating to
3190:
Folktales tell of people trying to rid themselves of mischievous kobolds. In one tale, a man with a kobold-haunted barn puts all the straw onto a cart, burns the barn down, and sets off to start anew. As he rides away, he looks back and sees the kobold sitting behind him. "It was high time that we
3119:
Archibald
Maclaren has attributed kobold behaviour to the virtue of the homeowners; a virtuous house has a productive and helpful kobold; a vice-filled one has a malicious and mischievous pest. If the hosts give up those things to which the kobold objects, the spirit ceases its annoying behaviour.
3110:
As a sort of the reverse of the offering, one tradition claims that the kobold will strew wood chips about the house and putting dirt or cow manure in the milk cans. And if the master of the house leaves the wood chips and drinks the soiled milk, the kobold is pleased and takes up residence at the
2797:
Saintine follows the story above with a piece of lore that kobolds are regarded as (ghosts of) infants, and the tail ("caudal appendage") that they have represent the knife used to kill them. What
Praetorius (1666) stated was that the goblin haunting a house often appeared in the guise of children
2495:
House kobolds usually live in the hearth area of a house, although some tales place them in less frequented parts of the home, in the woodhouse, in barns and stables, or in the beer cellar of an inn. At night, such kobolds do chores that the human occupants neglected to finish before bedtime: They
2491:
between noon and one o'clock, into the forest. When they find an anthill with a bird on it, they must say a certain phrase, which causes the bird to transform into a small human. The figure then leaps into a bag carried by the homeowner, and they can then transfer the kobold to their home. Even if
3169:
Kobolds bring good luck and help their hosts as long as the hosts take care of them. The kobold Hödekin, who lived with the bishop of
Hildesheim in the 12th century, once warned the bishop of a murder. When the bishop acted on the information, he was able to take over the murderer's lands and add
3457:
The Klabautermann's benevolent behaviour lasts as long as the crew and captain treat the creature respectfully. A Klabautermann will not leave its ship until it is on the verge of sinking. To this end, superstitious sailors in the 19th century demanded that others pay the Klabautermann respect.
3453:
According to these traditions, Klabautermanns live on ships and are generally beneficial to the crew. For example, a Klabautermann will pump water from the hold, arrange cargo, and hammer at holes until they can be repaired. The creatures are thought to be especially useful in times of danger,
3289:, England who was wont to either assist the company's workers or hinder their efforts depending on whether he was being paid his share of the beer. This association between kobolds and work gave rise to a saying current in 19th-century Germany that a woman who worked quickly "had the kobold".
5274:
Der Höllische Proteus; oder, Tausendkünstige Versteller: vermittelst Erzehlung der vielfältigen Bildverwechslungen erscheinender Gespenster, werffender und poltrender Geister, gespenstischer Vorzeichen der Todes-Fälle, wie auch andrer abentheurlicher Händel, arglistiger Possen, und seltsamer
3461:
The sight of a Klabautermann is an ill omen, and in the 19th century, it was the most feared sight among sailors.According to one tradition, they only appear to those about to die. Another story recorded by Ellett claims that the Klabautermann only shows itself if the ship is doomed to sink.
3941:
Grimm also characterizes kobold as a "tiny tricky home-sprite" and comments at length on its laughter. Note that the cobali are described as having the habit to "mimic men", "laugh with glee, and pretend to do much, but really do nothing", and "throw pebbles at the workmen" doing no real
2788:
In one variant, the maid urges her favourite kobold named Heinzchen to see him in his natural state, and is then led to the cellar, where she is shown a dead baby floating in a cask full of blood; years before, the woman had borne a bastard child, killed it, and hidden it in such a cask.
3120:
Hinzelmann punished vices; for example, when the secretary of Hudemühlen was sleeping with the chamber maid, the kobold interrupted a sexual encounter and hit the secretary with a broom handle. King Goldemar revealed the secret transgressions of clergymen, much to their chagrin.
2687:
or granite-hole, and perpetrated mischief on villagers, but could also (try to) be helpful. It could appear in the guise of fire, and appreciated the gift of shoes, though his burning feet quickly turns them into tatters. According to supposed eyewitness accounts by people in
3473:, entered German folklore via German sailors who had learned about them in England. However, historians David Kirby and Merja-Liisa Hinkkanen dispute this, claiming no evidence of such a belief in Britain. An alternate view connects the Klabautermann myths with the story of
3205:
to the Bishop of Hildesheim, the bishop managed to exorcise Hödekin using church-spells. The attempts to expel the Hintzelmann from the Castle Hudemühlen by a nobleman and later by an exorcist trying to use a book of holy spells were foiled, it later left of its own will.
3056:(also Hödekin) exacted veneance on the kitchen boy of the castle who splashed filthy water by strangling the lad in his sleep and leaving the severed body parts cooking in a pot over the fire. When the head cook complained about the prank, the Hüdeken squeezed venomous
11656:
Anthropodemus Plutonicus. Das ist, Eine Neue Welt-beschreibung Von allerley Wunderbahren Menschen: Als da seyn, Die 1. Alpmännergen, Schröteln, Nachtmähren. 2. Bergmännerlein, Wichtelin, Unter-Irrdische. 3. Chymische Menschen, Wettermännlein. ... 22. Zwerge,
6551:
We were about to sit down to tea when Mdlle. Gronin called our attention to the steady light, round, and about the size of a cheese plate, which appeared suddenly on the wall of the little garden directly opposite the door of the hut in which we
2852:, had hands "thin like those of a frog, cold and soft to the feel", he never showed himself. King Goldemar was said to sleep in the same bed with Neveling von Hardenberg. He demanded a place at the table and a stall for his horses. The master of
3262:, sometimes called a type of kobold live in breweries and the beer cellars of inns or pubs, bring beer into the house, clean the tables, and wash the bottles, glasses and casks. The family must leave a portion of their supper (or beer, for the
4158:, legends with bearded manikins are No. 37 "Die Wichtlein " (mine spirit), 145 Das Männlein auf dem Rücken (manikin forces piggyback, from Praetorius), 314 Das Fräulein vom Willberg (in a cave, one with a beard grown through stone table).
3007:
Legends tell of slighted kobolds becoming quite malevolent and vengeful, afflicting errant hosts with supernatural diseases, disfigurements, and injuries. Their pranks range from beating the servants to murdering those who insult them.
2577:, without specifying any archetypes. Simrock summarizes that "they" (apparently applying broadly to dwarfs, house spirits, wood sprites, and subterranean folk tend to have red hair and red beard, as well as red clothing. The example of
2801:
The lore that the kobold's true identity is the soul of a child who died unbaptized was current in the Vogland (including such belief held for the gutel of Erzgebirge). Like the soul, the kobold can assume any shape, even "sheer fire"
2692:
the Niß Puk was no larger than a 1 or 1 1/2 year old infant (some say 3-year old) and had a "large head and long arms, and small but bright cunning eyes", and wore "red stockings and a long grey or green tick coat.. red, peaked cap".
3498:
German writers have long borrowed from German folklore and fairy lore for both poetry and prose. Narrative versions of folktales and fairy tales are common, and kobolds are the subject of several such tales. The kobold is invoked by
1749:). The lore surrounding them is thus more like a charm whose possession brought luck and fortune, supposedly through the agency of some spirit, rather than a house-haunting kobold. The alraune doll was also known by names such as
3311:. This may indicate a common origin for these creatures, or it may represent cultural borrowings and influences of European peoples upon one another. Similarly, subterranean kobolds may share their origins with creatures such as
87:), or helpfully perform kitchen chores or stable work. But it can be a prankster as well. It may expect a bribe or offering of milk, etc. for its efforts or good behaviour. When mistreated, its reprisal can be utterly cruel.
1005:; -lein, -chen are the commonest German diminutives) were the terms Agricola used for "mine spirits", and since Agricola claimed "cobalos" was the same word used by Germans and Greeks his assertion coincided with the notion
2980:
besides the cat appears as a "dog, hen, red or black bird, buck goat, dragon, and a fiery or bluish form", according to an old encyclopedic entry. Ranke (1910) gave a similar list for kobold transformations which includes
2584:
On the kobold assuming the guise of small children, there is a piece of lore that the kobolds are the spirits of dead children and often appear with a knife that represents the means by which they were put to death. Cf.
3160:, E. Friesland, now Low Saxony) despite standing only about a foot tall, the creature could carry a load of rye in his mouth for the people with whom he lived and did so daily as long as he received a meal of biscuits (
2479:
The kobold is linked to a specific household. Some legends claim that every house has a resident kobold, regardless of its owners' desires or needs. The means by which a kobold enters a new home vary from tale to tale.
3209:
Insulting a kobold may drive it away, but not without a curse; when someone tried to see his true form, Goldemar left the home and vowed that the house would now be as unlucky as it had been fortunate under his care.
9284:"; No. 435 "Neß Puk im Kasten" "was one tiny span tall" and "einer spitzen rothen Mütze"; No. 439 "Die Unterirdischen schlecken Milch" "Diese kleinen Leuten.. ganz schwarze Kleider und hatten rothe spitze Mützen "
2499:
Kobolds are spirits and, as such, part of a spiritual realm. However, as with other European spirits, they often dwell among the living. The spirit's doings, and how humans interact will be discussed further below
767:
in 1855) was that home sprites used to be carved from wood or wax and set up in the house, as objects of earnest veneration, but as the age progressed, they degraded into humorous or entertaining pieces of décor.
340:
refers jokingly to figurines made of wood or wax, though the word assumptively also meant "household spirit" in MHG, and certainly something of a "household deity" in the post-medieval period (gloss dated 1517).
6080:
Other examples: Satire of the clergy as "wooden bishop", or "wooden sexton". A man in silence is likened to a mute doll, hence the comparison of a kobold struck dumb and the wooden bishop (citing Mîsnaere in
2180:, etc.,) are names alluding to the kobold's frequent cat-like shape or transformation, according to the HdA. The analysis is expounded upon by Jacob Grimm, who notes that Hinze was the name of the cat in the
1599:
meanwhile could refer to a "tree trunk", and by extension either "overgrown" or "little", or "stupid" thus is cross-categorized as an example of "cretin names" (category B). While the MHG dictionary defines
7158:
1491:
1912:, Upper Franconia, and tended to cattle, washed the dishes, and put out the fire. But when the mistress of the house well-intendedly gave the gift of clothing to the spirit who looked like a six-year old
9810:
which is standard non-dialect German for "dragon", but he prefers to render this as "drake". Ashliman does makes note that in "fire drake" referred to a will-o'-the-wisp in England too, at one time.
3060:
blood onto the meat being prepared for the bishop. Later he led the cook to an illusory bridge plunging him into the moat. Some versions add that the Bishop in the end used the power of his spells (
1988:, though they may have beeninterchangeably discussed in the past. Accordingly, a mix of heinzelman, hinzelman" were given as "pet name (shortened human name)" type of kobold names by Grimm, (cf.
11312:
Der vielförmige Hintzelmann oder umbständliche und merckwürdige Erzehlung von einem Geist, so sich auf dem Hause Hudemühlen, und hernach zu Estrup im Lande Lüneburg unter vielfältigen Gestalten.
272:
that the kobold has the general tendency to wear red pointy hats, while acknowledging this to be a widely disseminated mark of European household spirits under other names such as the Norwegian
11821:
9198:) as.. stature like small children, .. "knives sticking in their backs"; and "the superstitious believe them to be the souls of former occupants of their houses, murdered there long ago".
8800:
The opening lines in Weyden (1826) suggests the Heinzelmännchen were present less than fifty years ago (translated by Keightley in 1828). The regression (subtraction of dates) is made by
2452:
King Goldemar, king of dwarfs, is also re-discussed under the household spirit commentary by Grimm, presumably because he became a guest to the human king Neveling von Hardenberg at his
5706:
Also Glasenapp (1911) surveys the etymological considerations, and Kretschmer (1928) weighing in on kobold vs. gnome (mine spirit) names (virunculus montanos, etc.) as cited elsewhere.
2068:
Under the classification of household spirit names based on appearance, a subcategory collects names based on apparel, especially the hat (classification C. a), under which are listed
141:
is a shape-shifter assuming many forms, such as a feather or animals. The name supposedly refers to it appearing in cat-form, Hinz being an archetypical cat name. The similarly named
2867:
The kobold is said to appear as an oscillating fire-pillar ("stripe") with a part resembling a head, but appears in the guise of a black cat when it lands and is no longer airborne (
2859:
When a man threw ashes and tares about to try to see King Goldemar's footprints, the kobold cut him to pieces, put him on a spit, roasted him, boiled his legs and head, and ate him.
230:
of Mecklenburg Castle, in 1327, allegedly chopped up a kitchen boy into pieces after he took and drank the milk offered to the sprite, according to an anecdote recorded by historian
5835:
3769:
It is not a sprite of Hildesheim strictly speaking. The events of c. 1130 made a count lose his fiefdom and Winzenburg castle, which was then awarded to the bishopric of Hildesheim.
657:
6540:
On the three first days after our arrival, we only heard a few dull knocks, sounding in and about the mouth of the mine, as if produced by some vibrations or very distant blows..."
197:). As a household spirit, it may perform chores such as tidying the kitchen, but can be prankish, and when mistreated can resort to retribution, sometimes of the utmost cruelty.
6527:
Nineteenth century miracles, or, Spirits and their work in every country of the earth : a complete historical compendium of the great movement known as "modern spiritualism"
11794:
2396:
3177:("mandrake"), though this was also the name of a trinket sold in bottles, which instead of being genuine mandrake could be any doll shaped from some plant root. And the saying
4078:(proper first name) G. Devil-name (incl. Puck) H. Literary name (e.g. Gesamtname), I. Dragon name (incl. Alf, Alber, Drak, Alrun, Tragerl, Herbrand K. Different names (Mönch).
2496:
chase away pests, clean the stables, feed and groom the cattle and horses, scrub the dishes and pots, and sweep the kitchen. Other kobolds help tradespeople and shopkeepers.
1977:
There is a roster of names of kobolts or little folk derived from shortened affectionate forms of human names, including Chimken (Joachim), Wolterken (Walter), Niss (Nils).
6608:
Volksbrauch, Aberglauben, Sagen und andre alte Ueberlieferungen im Voigtlande: Mit Berücks. d. Orlagau's u. d. Pleißnerlandes. Ein Beitr. z. Kulturgeschichte d. Voigtländer
3932:
actually gives "impudent rogue, arrant knave", which is pointed out as being dated: here, "joker" would be appropriate in present-day colloquy. Others suggest "trickster".
3859:"stall spirit". He also suggests -Hold for demon and "Holle" may be grouped as related terms, and notes pre-Christian tradition of girls offering twisted knots of hair to
3450:, and may represent a third type of kobold or possibly a different spirit that has merged with kobold traditions. Belief in the Klabautermann dates to at least the 1770s.
2907:
ascribe both human and fiery features to the kobold; he wears a red jacket and cap and moves about the air as a fiery stripe. Such fire associations, along with the name
9365:
that assaulted the Danish palace; however, the folklores he cites are not all specifically translated in the paraphrase inserted in the English translation of the essay.
1804:
and its variants has remained current in the sense of "house spirit" only in certain parts such as "southeast Germany": more specifically northern Bavaria including the
10131:(1692). "XVI. Frage. Wofür die Spiritus Failiares, das ist die Dienst-Geister welche sich von den Menschen zu allerhand Verrichtung bestellen und gebrauchen lassen, ".
3052:
serves as messenger following an assasination of c. 1132 explains the historical background, whereby the Bishop of Hildesheim assumes control of Winzenburg Castle. The
2507:
Kobolds can take on the appearance of children, be dressed a certain way, or manifest as non-human animals, fire, humans, and objects. This is further discussed below (
9540:'s illustration of the child floating in its own blood inside a tub (cf. Fig. right), but the text is altered and the illustration omitted in the English translation.
2217:
named after a cat is categorized by Grimm as a "wood sprite", but also discussed under kobold, and classed as a "cat appearance" type kobold name (category C b) in
4710:
4558:
2944:
Thorpe has recorded that the people of Altmark believed that kobolds appeared as black cats while walking the earth. The kobold Hinzelmann could appear as a black
2552:
There seems to be contradictory opinion on whether a kobold should be generally regarded as boyish looking, or more elderly and bearded. An earlier edition of the
4009:
3253:
and ships, subsisted on the milk put out for them, and return performed chores such as milking cows, grooming horse, helping the kitchen, or scrubbing the ship.
2730:) held that a man's luck ran out when he rebuilt his house and the blessing passed on to his neighbor who reused the old beams. The pûks was witnessed wearing a
299:). It may first be such a rattler, then an invisible speaker, then a sprite doing chores, etc. and gradually making its presence and personality more clear (see
3195:
tells of a man trying to move out of a kobold-infested house. He sees the kobold preparing to move too and realises that he cannot rid himself of the creature.
2350:
meaning to 'soft-knock or thump repeatedly', with a side meaning of a 'muffled (masked, covered-up) ghost to frighten children'. Likewise, though Grimm thought
10251:
9741:
Dickepôten described as a name of a "Jack-o'-Lanterns" by Thorpe. This is presumably the will-o'the-wisp of Altmark referred to by C. P. G. Scott and Ashliman.
261:
of Cologne is considered a different house sprite altogether The house sprite names Chim or Chimken, Chimmeken, etc. are diminutive informal names of Joachim.
2483:
Should someone take pity on a kobold in the form of a cold, wet creature and take it inside to warm it, the spirit takes up residence there. A tradition from
8069:
4349:
7000:
7170:
assigns kobold synonyms separately as A. doll names and B. names for deriding an imbecile, but comments that the A type names served as B type pejoratives.
6693:
6000:
Die Wissenschaften im neunzehnten Jahrhundert, ihr Standpunkt und die Resultate ihrer Forschungen: Eine Rundschau zur Belehrung für das gebildete Publikum
7778:
1486:
house sprite are classified by type of naming (A. As doll, B. As pejoratives for stupidity, C. Appearance-based, D. Characteristics-based, E. Diminutive
3370:
noted Keightley's bias as a strong adherent of Grimm, embracing the thesis of regarding ancient Teutonic mythology as underlying all sorts of folklore.
1548:
What is clear is that these kobold dolls were puppets used in plays and by travelling showmen, based on 13th century writings. They were also known as
784:
were also boxwood puppets manipulated by wires, which performed in puppet theater in the medieval period, as evident from example usage. The traveling
4855:
2291:’s category D consists of kobold names from their behavioural characteristics, and other than some non-German sprites discussed, these are mainly the
2268:(1704). As the title suggests, this Hinzelmann was a many and varied shapeshifter, transforming into a white feather, or a marten, or a serpent. (cf.
1898:
491:(published 1704) also used "kobold" and "poltergeist" in the digressionary discussion. Both these were prime sources for the kobold tales in Grimms'
8252:"Chim", "Kurt Chimgen", "Himschen", "Heinzchen" were what German and Alsatian cooks (Alsace-Lorraine was territory annexed to Germany from after the
4358:, but commentators note that there were rumors of "fire drake" appearance in Shakespearean times, though no fire-breathing monster, but rather like
8058:
6127:
799:
Thomas Keightley comments that legends and folklore about kobolds can be explained as "ventriloquism and the contrivances of servants and others".
905:
Thus the generic "goblin" is a cognate of "kobold" according to Grimm's etymology, and perhaps even a descendant word deriving from "kobold". The
6771:
2628:. Grimm describes household spirits owning fairy shoes or fairy boots, which permits rapid travel over difficult terrain, and compares it to the
2423:
This house sprite is included as kobold, but is considered a literary retelling. A balladic version about them was composed around this time by
2043:
626:
also observed that "cult of the hearth-fire" developed into "tutelary house deities, localized in the home", and the German kobold and the Greek
130:, a dragon-type name, as the sprite is sometimes said to appear as a shaft of fire, with what looks like a head. There is also the combined form
7165:
5417:
Die Wortbildung bei Notker und in den verwandten Werken: eine Untersuchung der Sprache Notkers mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Neubildungen ...
3691:, mining kobolds help the protagonists and display a fondness for milk. In an author's note, Bujold attributes her conception of kobolds to the
2174:
And while the name Heinzelmann (Heinzelmännchen) is forged from diminutives of Heinrich, more importantly, the names Hinzelmann, Heinzelman (or
1498:
763:
This use does not directly support the notion of the kobold being regarded as a spirit or deity. The scenario conjectured by Grimm (seconded by
216:
No. 74) is set in the historical background after c. 1130, and attested in a work c. 1500. This sprite that haunted the castle of the Bishop of
15749:
11560:
Nordeutsche Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche: aus Meklenburg, Pommern, der Mark, Sachsen, Thürigen, Braunschweig, Hannover, Oldenburg und Westfalen
1716:
as a dragon name. In English, "mandrake" is easily seen as a "-drake" or "dragon" name. In German, a reference needs be made to the Latin form
11336:
Siegfried Wagner und seine Kunst: gesammelte Aufsätze über das dramatische Schaffen Siegfried Wagners vom "Bärenhäuter" bis zum "Banadietrich"
3218:
Other than the mine spirit kobold above, there are others "house spirits" that haunt shops, ships, shops, etc. places of various professions.
4145:
being strictly correct, the vowel "ö" actually occurs as Early modern German "o with e above" in Praetorius, and transcribed that way by Wyl.
4371:
Polívka makes further comparisons to lore involving hens and dragons. Cf. Weiser-Aall catergorizing puck as a dragon name, not a demon name.
3297:
Kobold beliefs mirror legends of similar creatures in other regions of Europe, and scholars have argued that the names of creatures such as
2599:
Kobolds supposedly also tend to wear a pointy red hat, though Grimm acknowledges that the "red peaky cap" is also the mark of the Norwegian
1860:
has been substituted for the schrätel, and the haunting occurring at a miller's, and the "big cat" dispatching the spirit. Still, the forms
15277:
7614:
Field Guide to the Little People: A Curious Journey Into the Hidden Realm of Elves, Faeries, Hobgoblins and Other Not-So-Mythical Creatures
4344:
725:
This is now accepted as the standard etymology. Even though Grimm was aware of it, Jacob Grimm seemingly endorsed a different etymology (
4750:
The area is described as "southeastern Germany", with the cited sources pointing to the general area of Northern Bavarian including the
6441:
4119:). Perhaps this explains why Arrowsmith lists mandrake names (Allerünken, Alraune, Galgenmännlein) as synonyms for kobold in the south.
3485:. Scholar Reinhard Buss instead sees the Klabautermann as an amalgamation of early and pre-Christian beliefs mixed with new creatures.
978:
3128:
reportedly moved sleeping fishermen so that their heads and toes lined up. King Goldemar enjoyed strumming the harp and playing dice.
14851:
11801:
1655:) has been suggested as a kobold synonym of the fetish figurine type. Grimm knew the term but placed the discussion of it under the "
7108:
Place-marked at Saterland, as per Strackerjan Classified as I dragon name, as accord. to HdA, though the reasoning is not clarified.
3029:
anecdotally served monks at Mecklenburg monastery, bargaining for multicolored tunic with lots of bells in return for his services.
674:, and quoted in Grimms' dictionary. Other writers such as Müller-Fraureuth (1906) also weighed in on the question of its etymology.
11758:
Northern Mythology, Comparing the Principal Popular Traditions and Superstitions of Scandinavia, North Germany, and the Netherlands
10212:"No. 74 Hütchen, a composite from several sources other than Praetorius, including modern oral tradition, with the kitchen tale at
11223:
7396:" and endnote） where it is evidently a dress-up baby Jesus doll. Sommer's endnote makes connection with the custom of bathing the
1761:. It is a mistake to consider such alraun dolls as completely equivalent to the kobald, the household spirit, in Grimm's opinion.
6131:". Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3678:, Hinzelmann is portrayed as an ancient kobold who helps the city of Lakeside in exchange for killing one teenager once a year.
3373:
British antiquarian Charles Hardwick ventured a theory that the spirits like the kobold in other cultures, such as the Scottish
3274:
3267:
15141:
2190:) so it was the common pet name for cats. Thus hinzelman, hinzemännchen are recognized as cat-based names, to be grouped with
14068:
14013:
4999:
Since it is only attested only as "idolum" (in one of Diefenbach's sources), etc. among MHG glosses. But the Anglo-Saxon form
15205:
14818:
11365:
10134:
Cynosura Conscientiae, Oder Leit-Stern Des Gewissens, Das ist: Deutliche und Schrifftmäßige Erörterung vieler, [etc.]
8573:
Bibliographisches Handbuch der Barockliteratur: hundert Personalbibliographien deutscher Autoren des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts
5674:
2748:
2487:
in northern Germany says that a homeowner must follow specific instructions to lure a kobold to their house. They must go on
2167:
or Hintzelmann is completely distinguishable from the "literary" kobold Heinzelmännchen according to modern scholarship (cf.
1630:). And butz, while nominally a kobold (house spirit), is almost a generic term for all kinds of spectres in the Alps region.
479:
The term "kobold" was being used as general or generic term for "house spirit" known by other names even before Grimm, e.g.,
10273:
alerted the bishop about the vacating of the Winzenburg Castle so he could reclaim it, before avengers tried to capture it.
8717:
4631:
7555:
Strackerjan (1867) No. 265. According to No. 264, "Alrun" is a special type of "kobold" (though this is not current in the
2558:
gives the childlike description, however, a later edition amends to the view of an elderly looking kobold, with a beard.
241:
No. 75) features a typical house sprite, tidying the kitchen, repaying insolence, etc. Though normally invisible, it is a
16297:
15153:
11653:(1666). "VIII. Von Hausmännern, Laribus, Penatibus, Geniis, Kobolden, Stepgen, Ungethümen, Larven, Haussgötzen, Gütgen".
6482:
The same word, i.e.,"kobel" by Germans and "kobalos" by Greeks for the mine spirit. Agricola also gave the Latin form as
2764:
11660:. Vol. 1. Illustrated by Thomas Cross (fl. 1632-1682). Magdeburg: In Verlegung Johann Lüderwalds. pp. 359–379.
3867:) may have something to do with Frau Holle, but this origin is masked by using a spelling suggestive of Hebrew origins.
3023:), and the spirit consequently left the boy's dismembered body in a kettle of hot water. In comparison, a more amicable
16166:
15492:
15237:
14767:
8982:
6897:
5840:
4976:
662:
8349:, p. 463: "sprites have.. power.. of vaninshing or making themselves invisible,.. nebelkappen.. helkeplein, etc."
5166:"Animantium nomina latina, graega, q'ue germanice reddita, quorum author in Libro de subterraneis animantibus meminit"
741:) prior to the 13th century. Grimm makes opines that earlier uses may have existed, but remain undiscovered or lost.
15487:
15232:
13258:
12870:
11727:
11590:
11506:
11278:
11253:
11119:
11031:
10899:
10875:
10830:
10783:
10317:
9340:
8785:
8580:
8034:
7955:
7622:
6249:
6219:
6187:
6160:
6136:
5819:
5786:
5627:
5604:
5551:
4792:
4720:
4655:
4604:
4568:
4519:
4439:
2923:
has reported kobolds appearing as wet cats and hens. In Pomerania there are several tales specimens that a kobold or
1378:
571:
But indications are that these Germanic household deities were current in the older periods, attested by Anglo-Saxon
8068:(1976) argued Kopisch relied almost completely on Weyden, though the tacit assumptions made have been questioned by
6599:
5566:
Schrader (2003) , p. 24 also quoted by Olesen (2012), but the latter appears to be synthesis and not direct quoting.
459:
310:
They may be hard to eradicate, but it is often said that a gift of an article of clothing will cause them to leave.
16110:
15372:
15225:
15220:
15215:
14008:
11478:
9794:. The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare 19. Illustrated by Edmond Malone. R. C. and J. Rivington. p. 485.
8804:(2001a) who states that the "origins of Cologne's Heinzelmännchen before 1826 (or before 1780) remains in the dark.
7327:
3019:, dated 1327 given by Kantzow) the milk customarily put for the sprite by the kitchen was stolen by a kitchen-boy (
2591:
Other tales describe kobolds appearing as herdsmen looking for work and little, wrinkled old men in pointed hoods.
2488:
1513:
Grimm, after stating that the list of kobold (or household spirit) in German lore can be long, also adds the names
1510:
A geographical map of Germany labeled with the different regional appellations has appeared in a 2020 publication.
110:) meaning "little hat" is one subtype; this and other kobold sprites are known for its pointy red cap, such as the
7019:
Plotted at Cologne, as per the tome on the city by Weyden (1826). Note Schäffer et al. map leaves this spot blank.
15176:
15146:
11736:
11554:
6464:
5411:
3538:
of earth. This merely goes to show that Goethe saw fit to substitute "kobold" for the gnome of the earth, one of
1556:
and described as manipulated by wires. Either way, the idol or puppet was invoked rhetorically in writing by the
152:
is cross-categorized as a wood sprite and a house sprite, and some regional examples correspond to kobold, e.g.,
9901:
7338:
5720:
1070:
14238:
13774:
13577:
11671:
Anthropodemvs Plvtonicus, Das ist Eine Neue Weltbeschreibung Von Allerley Wunderbahren Menschen, Als da seyn...
11290:
4702:
4550:
3782:
3719:
3632:
796:) of yore used to make a kobold doll appear out of their coats, and make faces with it to entertain the crowd.
10038:
5991:
3136:
A kobold can bring wealth to his household in the form of grain and gold. In this function it often is called
2519:
14844:
13153:
13053:
11474:
11460:
10247:
10077:
3446:) is a creature from the beliefs of fishermen and sailors of Germany's north coast, the Netherlands, and the
1849:
12762:
11451:. Vol. 4. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen. pp. 1407–1436.
8270:
7010:(now Koszalin), some of the localizations of Pomeranian lore, but Polish territory are out of bounds on map.
3073:, the household spirits' being ascribed such abilities reflect the fear of the people who believe in them.
2536:
14740:
11928:
11665:
11650:
10887:
10796:
9580:
8965:
3201:
by a Christian priest works in some tales; in certain versions of the Hödekin in the kitchen of the castle
2230:
11698:
11438:. Vol. 2. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen. pp. 439–517.
6239:
325:(which Grimm thought may be noise inspired) have been re-classed as name referring to a doll or figurine.
16307:
16043:
15779:
15382:
15194:
12790:
11327:
10533:
10511:
6903:
Pomerania, oder Ursprunck, Altheit und Geschicht der Völcker und Lande Pomern, Cassuben [&c.]
6493:
6450:
Index-catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office, United States Army (Army Medical Library)
6337:
dated earlier, though technically that was an etymological solution for "kabouter-manneken" derived from
6203:
6121:
5716:
3643:
678:
623:
220:, retaliated against a kitchen boy who splashed filthy water on it (Cf. Fig. right) by leaving the lad's
176:. It is generally noted that there can be made no clear demarcation between a kobold and nature spirits.
4259:
nicht größer als ein oder anberthalbjähriges Kind sei. Andre sagen, er sei so gross wie ein dreijähriges
1050:(1884) recorded a story about a "kobolds" in the mines who communicated with local German residents (of
16302:
15629:
15284:
12889:
11188:
11164:
9173:) and the tale gives no description of her finacé whom she discovers to be a dwarf or a "subterranean".
8723:
8505:
3525:
2310:
Some poltergeists have been assumed to be named after their noise-making nature in the past, but which
12548:
6525:
16267:
16088:
15639:
15387:
14058:
13892:
13849:
11642:
The Fairy Family: A Series of Ballads & Metrical Tales Illustrating the Fairy Mythology of Europe
10256:
8079:. Hilgers states the "restoration" of the Heinzelmännchen-story to have been begun by 1821 by Weyden.
5060:", pp. O5–O6, discussing the household sacred beings using a mix of German, and including mention of
12625:
11674:
Vol. 1. Illustrated by Thomas Cross (fl. 1632-1682). Magdeburg: In Verlegung Johann Lüderwalds.
8018:
5500:
2554:
2022:
Wolterken, also Low German, is diminutive for Walther, and another piece of household spirit of the
1606:
as a "knocking kobold" or poltergeist, or frightening form, Grimm thinks that all MHG usage treats
806:
may refer to these dolls with their mouths wide open, and it may mean "to laugh loud and heartily".
15744:
15691:
15497:
15247:
15073:
14886:
14837:
14695:
14578:
14166:
12394:
11787:
11192:
9848:
3975:
according to the gloss (1563). The gloss was also appended to Agricola's omnibus edition of 1657 (
3270:) to the spirit and must treat the kobold with respect, never mocking or laughing at the creature.
2798:
with knives stuck in their backs, revealing them to be ghosts of children murdered in that manner.
576:
391:. This Greek etymology has been superseded by the Germanic one explaining the word as the compound
12450:
8725:
Cöln's Vorzeit. Geschichten, Legenden und Sagen Cöln's, nebst einer Auswahl cölnischer Volkslieder
8333:
6646:
6574:
6317:
4289:
trägt er ein paar rothe Strümpfe,.. lange graue oder grüne Zwillichjacke und.. rothe spitze Mütze"
16292:
16208:
15834:
15171:
15063:
14563:
12506:
11690:
10347:
kitchen filth or dishwater". echoed by the actions of the "scullion" in Bunce. Francisci has the
10266:
9324:
7486:
7366:: 139 only has: "ein guttel (? götze). Wolfdietr. in Hagens heldenb. s. 236". But Grimm mentions
7291:
Ch. XVII, §Scrat (faunus). Wood-folk. In the annotation supplementary volume to be more precise:
6745:
6445:
6235:
4195:
Note that the English translation of the essay "tales from his own collection, no. 346{ [
2561:
The cherubic, winged child illustration occurs in the 1704 printed book narrative of the kobold,
2237:
region, though Praetorius's work published (1692) under the pseudonym Lustigero Wortlibio claims
1689:
27:
20:
8520:
7850:. Vol. 4 S–U. Prague: Knjžecj arcibiskupská tiskárna, Josefa wdowa Fetterlowá. p. 119.
3124:
forcing the watch to be constantly vigilant. A kobold in a fishermen's house in Köpenick on the
2372:
In category D, there are names deriving from their favorite food being the bowl of milk, namely
16061:
15565:
15210:
15186:
15136:
14730:
13148:
12748:
12408:
11444:
11294:
9169:
with Donner/thunder, but this brief tale concerns a suitor who keeps his name secret (motif of
8801:
8767:
8074:
7704:
7589:
7297:
7258:
6621:
6427:
5769:
5329:
5216:
4831:
4706:
4554:
4476:
3902:
3836:
2675:
of Schleswig-Holstein, in his collection of Schleswig-Holstein legends, this tale localized at
2004:
1670:
866:
15417:
11710:
11702:
11654:
11606:
11494:
11415:
11399:
11353:
11331:
11266:
11196:
11076:
10962:
10936:
10516:
10132:
10111:
10098:
10042:
9956:
9789:
9679:
9653:
9611:
9382:
9298:
9154:
9137:
9062:
9037:
8775:
8231:
8215:
7843:
7816:. Vol. 8 Pušlisko-Stalmach. Kraków: Nakładem Krakowskiej Spółki Wydawniczej. p. 267.
7809:
7657:
7612:
7490:
7455:
7240:
7200:
7091:
7062:
7005:
6937:
6901:
6727:
6603:
6207:
5995:
5957:
5920:
5807:
5776:
5617:
5535:
5481:
5351:
5272:
5165:
5125:
5056:
4827:
4780:
4507:
4252:
4203:
2768:
Female cook expecting to see Hintzelmann in cellar finds child with two knives stuck in heart.
1796:(Schratte) is also formally categorized as a "cretin name" type of kobold nomenclature in the
753:
15352:
15316:
15131:
14932:
14043:
13993:
13113:
12863:
12797:
12604:
12366:
11769:
11464:
11381:
11237:
11168:
10753:
10695:
10474:
The murder of the "Bishop of Hildesheim's Kitchen-boy" is retold in nursery rhyme fashion by
10436:
10307:
10081:
9905:
9728:
9585:
9454:
9118:
8909:
8842:
8749:
8154:
No. 71 Heine in the original German quotes "lieb Chimchen", though translated "dear Chimgen".
7943:
7729:
7392:
7087:
6521:
6177:
6150:
5865:
5748:
5731:
5662:
5415:
5384:
5098:
4639:
4588:
3627:
3367:
2295:, or noise-making spirits and names after their favourite dish. The poltergeists include the
2081:
1047:
11677:
11669:
11624:
11574:
10941:
10862:
7826:
7805:
6698:
6642:
5042:
5022:
16186:
16078:
15263:
15256:
14927:
14437:
12688:
12562:
12443:
12436:
12422:
10958:
10822:
10187:
These tales are regurgitated by Praetorius also, the prologal historical tale marked as #2.
10083:
Aus pommerschen Hexenprozessakten: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des pommerschen Volksglaubens
7218:
6689:
6023:
140, "rihtet zuo mit den snüeren die tatermanne" alludes to it being "guid.. with strings".
5870:
Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der indogermanischen Sprachen
5496:
5454:
5407:
5251:
4940:
3688:
3657:
3621:
3278:
2676:
2000:
1656:
12527:
11422:. Vol. 3 (4 ed.). Göttingen: W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen. pp. 122–149.
11406:. Vol. 1 (4 ed.). Göttingen: W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen. pp. 363–428.
11310:
8771:
8564:
8418:
Praetorius explains that the sprite "on account of the hat he wears on his head is called
8283:
en Panurgia Lamiarum, Sagarum, Strigum, ac Veneficarum totius cohortis Magicæ Cacodaemonia
8022:
5777:
Two-tiered Relexification in Yiddish: Jews, Sorbs, Khazars, and the Kiev-Polessian Dialect
4030:
2853:
2261:
332:
itself is classed in this "doll" type group, as the earliest instances of use of the word
246:
8:
16073:
15570:
15459:
15422:
15397:
15200:
15051:
13784:
13446:
12943:
12903:
12695:
12667:
12327:
12089:
10814:
10301:
10234:
10147:
9785:
9516:
9132:
8686:(occurring twice) meant " hide one’s face, disguise oneself" (not really 'muffled'), and
8253:
7482:
7074:
Place-marked on the island of Rügen Swinemünde / Świnoujście and at Thürberg near Tremmen
5953:
4359:
3609:
3363:
3335:
3273:
One such legend, first appearing late in the 19th century, concerns a house spirit named
2246:
2095:
1916:, it exclaimed it had been now been given payment and must now leave. However, the forms
1634:
303:
tale). In some regions, the kobold is held to be the soul of a prematurely killed child (
99:
14502:
4860:
1903:
16226:
15739:
15719:
15709:
15582:
15520:
15477:
15291:
15163:
15123:
15078:
14993:
14978:
14876:
14871:
13476:
13441:
13223:
13143:
12702:
12618:
12534:
12520:
10128:
9699:
5420:
Göttingen: Druck der Dieterich'schen Univ.-Buchdruckerei (W. Fr. Kaestner). p. 20.
5324:
4208:
3401:
3347:
3097:
noted in connection with the present (Hildesheim) tale that the favourite food was the
3012:
2849:
2658:
2629:
2453:
1832:
757:
749:
531:
438:
337:
13406:
12054:
11907:
11620:
11540:
The Fairy Mythology, Illustrative of the Romance and Superstition of Various Countries
9976:
Rädlein (1711), Loup-garou as Bär-Wolff, German Wehr-Wolff and Kobold, cited by Grimm
9320:
9294:
4105:
4063:
Niss is categorized E "pet name", while Puck is considered G. "devil name" by the HdA.
2664:
2414:
1993:
1981:
16191:
16105:
15784:
15659:
15402:
15056:
14967:
14961:
14922:
14910:
14705:
14627:
14457:
13998:
13729:
12730:
12674:
12541:
12401:
12019:
11723:
11586:
11502:
11361:
11274:
11249:
11115:
11027:
10895:
10871:
10826:
10779:
10313:
10226:
9336:
8781:
8576:
8063:
8030:
7951:
7618:
7546:
nos. 83 84 is not properly a kobold, but a semi-diabolic being carved out of a root".
6418:
6245:
6215:
6183:
6156:
6132:
5815:
5782:
5670:
5623:
5600:
5547:
5375:
5356:
5268:
5161:
5121:
5094:
4788:
4716:
4651:
4600:
4564:
4515:
4467:
4435:
3929:
3757:
3615:
3530:
2705:
1873:
1809:
1740:
553:
480:
434:, descended from household gods and hearth deities, according to Grimms' dictionary.
10801:
5127:
Georgius Agricola De Re Metallica: Tr. from the 1st Latin Ed. of 1556 (Books I–VIII)
4715:. Vol. Band 7 Pflügen-Signatur. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1285–1286.
4644:
Hausgeister!: Fast vergessene Gestalten der deutschsprachigen Märchen- und Sagenwelt
4494:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
3182:
into unexplained wealth was often attributed to a new kobold moving into the house.
2456:
for three years, making a dwarf sort of a household spirit on a limited-term basis.
1876:), or at least in Upper Franconia region as a sprit haunting a house or stable. The
1696:―engraving by Thomas Cross, Sr. (fl. 1632-1682), frontispiece to Praetorius (1668)
1032:"ruler, power, authority", and observed that this original sense of "house spirit" (
469:―engraving by Thomas Cross, Sr. (fl. 1632-1682), frontispiece to Praetorius (1668)
258:
142:
16272:
16262:
16257:
16236:
16100:
15946:
15802:
15771:
15472:
15270:
15040:
14942:
14881:
14808:
14673:
14472:
14028:
14023:
13912:
13612:
13607:
13552:
13501:
13451:
13278:
13228:
12856:
12681:
12583:
12380:
12359:
12208:
11956:
11942:
11602:
11534:
11349:
10931:
9691:
8745:
8266:
7939:
7556:
6757:
6378:
6334:
6308:
5135:
4751:
4674:
4673:
Heinz- and Hinzelmann once treated as interchangeable by Grimm, and by others like
4635:
4584:
4546:
4427:
4221:" ("the presser", No. 347), said to breach dams, localized around the mouth of the
3901:
of fox and wolf, and therefore unable to breed) deriding someone as reproductively
3898:
3817:
3696:
3573:
3382:
3351:
3316:
3137:
3103:
2976:
These do not comprise an exhaustive list of what forms the kobold can take on. The
2878:
2873:
2836:
locally in the southern Altmark, were said to be the souls of unbaptized children.
2727:
2625:
2601:
2048:
1805:
932:
653:
431:
274:
115:
69:
15624:
13436:
12229:
10778:
Homer, Johnny. Brewing in Kent. Gloucestershire, Amberlley Publishing, 2016
8327:, p. 312: "Gütchen/Wichtlichen/Erdmännrichen/Hellekeplein", via Kluge (1894)
8271:"III. Bok, II. Capittel: Van den laribus dometicis edder husknechtkens, de men ok
5142:
4647:
4563:. Vol. Band 5 Knoblauch-Matthias. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 31–33.
4434:. Illustrated by William A. McCullough. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. p. 33.
3607:, usually as a low-power or low-level enemy. They exist as a playable race in the
2624:
The kobold wearing a red cap and protective pair of boots is reiterated by, e.g.,
2578:
286:
is also known. In the north the house sprite may be known by the dragon-like name
35:
16282:
16277:
16181:
15729:
15327:
15102:
15045:
14593:
14283:
14248:
13749:
13652:
13572:
13547:
13138:
12960:
12918:
12829:
12811:
12499:
12166:
12124:
11810:
11756:
11752:
11740:
11694:
11686:
11558:
11538:
11522:
11431:
11245:
11217:
11174:
9191:
9170:
8716:
8150:
Praetorius gives "Court Chimgen", transliterated as "Kurd Chimgen" by the Grimms
7532:
6996:
5861:
5799:
4499:
4483:
4235:
4109:
3701:
3683:
3637:
2949:
2937:
appears as a hen.The comparison is readily made to the legend of the hen-hatched
2654:
2404:
2186:
1929:
1853:
1017:
884:
789:
715:
682:
565:
279:
153:
123:
73:
14714:
14482:
13511:
12632:
12306:
12299:
11998:
11935:
9537:
8239:
8223:
6530:. New York: Published by William Britten : Lovell & Co. pp. 32–33.
3822:", meaning "pig stall", and that the true original etymology contained the stem
2933:), and in other tales, a kobold (aka "redjacket") appears in a cat's guise or a
2856:, where Heinzelmann lived, convinced the kobold to let him touch him one night.
2144:
1913:
16287:
16161:
16156:
15654:
15482:
15432:
15357:
15181:
15018:
14937:
14663:
14568:
14543:
14171:
14104:
13804:
13597:
13416:
13401:
13371:
13253:
12975:
12928:
12836:
12776:
12769:
12755:
12639:
12492:
12478:
12215:
12173:
11970:
11844:
11518:
11490:
11377:
11233:
10475:
9917:
9058:
8211:
8050:
7919:
7839:
7789:
7213:
6893:
6414:
6208:"Chapter 3. Shaman to Sage § Assimilation to an Erstwhile Minor Shamanic Deity"
6091:
5131:
4935:
4463:
4423:
3952:
3692:
3597:
3514:
3466:
3145:
3094:
2920:
2424:
2109:
2012:
1831:
The tale "Schrätel und wasserbär" (kobold and polar bear) had been recorded in
1051:
906:
899:
692:"the one who rules the house". Dowden (2002) offers the hypothetical precursor
561:
367:
231:
212:
14119:
8848:
8682:
8430:
8422:, or Hödekin in the speech of Saxony". Wyl gives mistyped "Pilateum" [
6688:, though Grimm suggest it is a noise name (which would be D). Place-marked at
6399:
5845:(1861–1864), which the Grimms knew and quoted for the etymology of kobolt as "
3080:(bread soup) in a supposed Alsatian version. The offering was to be milk and
2973:, which was a physical mark shared with the Schratel spirit (as wood sprite).
2752:
Kitchen maid wanting to meet the kobold Chim, finds dead child in vat of blood
966:
16251:
16056:
15933:
15906:
15602:
15511:
15444:
15412:
15367:
15362:
15085:
15068:
14683:
14492:
14487:
14371:
13983:
13799:
13557:
13506:
13491:
12970:
12653:
12611:
12110:
12096:
11630:
11582:
11550:
11339:
9507:
9328:
9241:
7653:
5803:
4503:
3864:
3670:
3661:
adapted into anime depicts kobolds as dog-like, based on earlier versions of
3535:
3500:
3435:
3417:
3343:
3234:
3222:
3125:
2845:
2680:
1985:
221:
181:
19:
This article is about the sprite from Germanic folklore. For other uses, see
13283:
13188:
12783:
12660:
8419:
6830:
6089:
in Myllers sammlung) 48). A man hearing confession compared to kobold, in a
4677:
following his footsteps. However, and the entry for "Heinzelmänchen" in the
4326:
The "Pilweise of Lauban" is regarded as being related to the stable^kobold,
2132:
1774:, Lower Saxony. Alrune was also recognized as a kobold-name in Friesland.
961:
to be a cognate or variants of the same word. It states under "kobold" that
16083:
15724:
15467:
15407:
15347:
15119:
15013:
14988:
14983:
14949:
14710:
14647:
14311:
14263:
14191:
14176:
14094:
14038:
13714:
13582:
13521:
13456:
13421:
13381:
13183:
13103:
13073:
13063:
12980:
12965:
12933:
12723:
12709:
12597:
12341:
12250:
11963:
11626:
Sagen, Märchen und Lieder der Herzogthümer Schleswig Holstein und Lauenburg
10397:
9279:
8712:
8513:
8452:
8164:
8087:
8085:
8054:
7765:
7322:
7204:" sense 4), apparently a part of a wood or hedge that needs be trimmed off.
6753:
6440:
5536:"Ambiguous Gods: Mythology, Immigration, and Assimilation in Neil Gaiman's
4212:
3580:
3563:
3504:
3474:
2459:
For cognate beings of kobolds or house spirits in non-German cultures, see
2114:
1888:
1626:
764:
756:'s poem (<1250) refers to a man as worthless as a kobold-doll made from
628:
382:
242:
200:
The legend of the house sprite's retribution is quite old. The tale of the
156:
in northern Bavaria. The kobold is sometimes conflated with the mine demon
13273:
11886:
11570:
8568:
5889:, p. 500: "possibly earlier, if only we had authorities". Cf. note 4.
4955:
4953:
4074:
3885:
Konrad's poem above seems to be a more complicated double metaphor to the
3385:
were also etymologically related. In keeping with Grimm's definition, the
3070:
2657:) wearing (pointed) red caps localized in various part of the province of
2203:
1841:
16150:
16135:
16068:
15911:
15896:
15886:
15839:
15797:
15789:
15619:
15392:
15298:
15008:
14973:
14735:
14253:
13769:
13754:
13744:
13637:
13587:
13461:
13346:
13306:
13093:
13048:
12955:
12590:
12334:
12264:
12236:
12180:
12117:
12026:
11977:
11427:
11411:
11395:
10946:
A Treatise of Ghosts: Being the Psichologie, Or Treatise Upon Apparitions
10868:
History of British Folklore, Volume I: The British Folklorists: A History
8637:
8542:
8501:
8458:
8295:
Paraphrased by Mullenhoff, where Meiger is identified as being pastor at
8180:, one would assume he is discussing house spirits generally of that area.
7783:
7173:
6787:
5792:
4681:
explains the distinction. Heinzelmänchen, is in the "kobold" article for
4355:
3876:
If there were attested OHG form, they would not need to be reconstructed.
3675:
3603:
3004:
A kobold expects to be fed in the same place at the same time each day.
2826:
2570:
2360:
seems to refer to a "tree trunk" and thus classed as A for doll-name by
2292:
2242:
2226:
2008:
1745:
1537:
in its earliest usage suggest it to be a wooden doll (Cf. §Origins under
1482:) became classifiable as "types" of kobold. Such alternate names for the
985:
948:
534:
glossaries, they may not corroborate a "house spirit" meaning. The terms
400:
296:
269:
84:
14396:
14376:
14326:
13193:
13178:
12257:
9806:
8177:
8082:
6711:
as a Baden tradition; while Grimm says it is the house spirit in Swabia.
6212:
Shaman and Sage: The Roots of “Spiritual but Not Religious” in Antiquity
4274:
Er hat einen grosen Kopf und lange Arme, aber kleine, helle, kluge Augen
4114:
3924:
3886:
3422:
3192:
3082:
2987:
1601:
604:
511:
is glossed as (i.e., analogized as) the Roman house and hearth deities "
442:
16145:
15996:
15921:
15891:
15871:
15866:
15829:
15819:
15812:
15807:
15793:
15761:
15454:
15377:
15095:
15035:
15030:
14905:
14467:
14391:
14099:
14003:
13963:
13764:
13709:
13677:
13632:
13617:
13592:
13516:
13411:
13361:
13316:
13311:
13243:
13208:
13198:
13088:
13011:
13006:
12996:
12938:
12923:
12908:
12513:
12471:
12429:
12278:
12243:
12194:
12187:
12159:
12068:
12033:
11921:
11914:
11879:
10415:
10413:
10411:
9703:
9044:. Vol. 5 (5 ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1819. pp. 455–456.
8731:
8730:(in German). Cöln am Rhein: Pet. Schmitz. pp. 200–202 – via
8532:
8530:
7332:
7253:
6871:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6026:
5613:
5592:
4950:
4698:
4167:
Simrock also registers connection with the red hair and beard of Donar/
3860:
3539:
3482:
3447:
3250:
3230:
3045:
2961:
2889:
2731:
2689:
2164:
2158:
2137:
2105:
1972:
1909:
300:
254:
217:
169:
138:
13682:
13662:
13431:
12848:
12075:
12005:
11607:"378. Das Heugütel bei den Vogtländern -- 380. Noch mehr vom Heugütel"
11501:. Translated by Helen Mustard. New York: Continuum. pp. 128–244.
10096:
Comparison made by Haas (1896) The latter tale occurs in Grimm (1854)
9834:
No. 69 "Das Sparei"; No. 70 "Puk soll ausgebrütet werden", pp. 76, 77.
8439:
7922:'s Czech-German dictionaries that also identifies Czech-Latin glosses.
7906:). and the extrapolation of latter by Ranke to "gold-bringing devil" (
6273:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5429:
5427:
5074:
5072:
5070:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
3893:
3730:
3322:
Sources equate the domestic kobold with creatures such as the English
2885:
2471:
2100:
206:
16196:
15986:
15901:
15881:
15714:
15699:
15550:
15090:
14747:
14612:
14406:
14156:
14109:
14053:
14033:
13937:
13917:
13897:
13887:
13789:
13471:
13426:
13366:
13341:
13321:
13213:
13168:
13001:
12555:
12313:
12103:
11858:
10911:
10449:
Oral versions of these tales are recorded by Kuhn & Schwartz as "
8176:
Attested by Prateorius, but since his concern was with the legend of
7912:) would appear to require additional sources. The standardized forms
7477:
7475:
7473:
6875:
6632:
at Reichenbach is recorded in legend, corrupted locally to "heigidle"
6071:, p. 502 "laugh like a kobold", p. 512 tr. as "goblin laughter".
5054:
being household or hearth goddesses. The same work has an entry for "
4168:
3478:
3390:
3327:
3282:
3202:
3141:
2982:
2904:
2819:
2717:
2701:
2484:
2085:
1836:
1821:
1771:
1611:
1561:
1442:
825:
Note that some of the kobold synonyms are specifically classified as
737:
There are no attested uses of the word "kobold" (Middle High German:
707:
609:
by Frater Rudolfus of the 13th century, meaning "ruler of the site" (
375:
359:
15322:
14341:
13058:
10408:
10010:
9695:
9536:
This matches the retelling given by Saintine (1862), accompanied by
8693:
8527:
8482:
8436:
6661:
3785:
F405.11. "House spirit leaves when gift of clothing is left for it".
3366:
and influenced the beliefs in those entities, but modern folklorist
3229:
below) is a kobold from the beliefs of fishermen and sailors of the
1434:
1423:
1407:
1284:
16130:
15981:
15876:
15824:
15756:
15612:
15560:
15449:
15023:
14954:
14777:
14678:
14548:
14538:
14528:
14518:
14422:
14401:
14386:
14381:
14331:
14278:
14243:
14207:
14161:
14151:
14089:
13988:
13978:
13973:
13844:
13835:
13724:
13704:
13602:
13562:
13496:
13386:
13376:
13356:
13351:
13331:
13233:
13203:
13173:
13083:
12950:
12569:
12485:
12387:
12320:
12145:
12047:
11984:
11900:
11893:
11872:
11851:
11837:
11094:
8865:
8863:
5892:
5424:
5067:
4755:
4613:
3635:
appears as an occasionally playable race of lizard-like beings. In
3613:
video game. They also exist as a non-playable rat-like race in the
3405:
3303:
3198:
3162:
3153:
2966:
2938:
2234:
2023:
1813:
1727:
Since the mandrake do not natively grown in Germany, the so-called
1557:
1487:
1459:
1415:
919:
487:
tale under the section on "Kobold". Feldmann (fl. 1584–1589) whose
278:; the North or Northeastern German kobolds named Niss or Puk (cog.
15681:
14829:
14605:
14217:
14212:
13098:
12285:
12040:
11779:
11360:(3rd. Rev. ed.). Stuttgart: Magnus-Verlag. pp. 141–145.
8756:. Vol. 2. London: William Harrison Ainsworth. pp. 29–31.
8559:
8557:
7470:
6719:
6717:
5309:
Feldmann was also aware of and used the Paracelsian term "gnome" (
5291:
3736:
3724:
1959:) could mean a kobold, but could also denote a "mine spirit" or a
1450:
1399:
1353:
1319:
408:
16006:
16001:
15976:
15941:
15916:
15861:
15704:
15676:
15664:
15607:
14860:
14772:
14700:
14637:
14622:
14573:
14523:
14452:
14447:
14366:
14361:
14356:
14351:
14316:
14268:
14124:
14048:
13968:
13942:
13922:
13859:
13854:
13840:
13672:
13481:
13396:
13326:
13268:
13263:
13163:
13158:
13133:
13123:
13108:
13078:
12913:
12457:
12222:
12201:
12152:
12138:
12082:
11991:
11865:
10502:
Francisci (1690),: "Kirchen-Beschwerungen", echoed by Grimms' DS.
9373:
9371:
9362:
9357:
8722:
8296:
7948:
Encyclopedia of Norse and Germanic Folklore, Mythology, and Magic
5642:
Also repeated in other sources such as Maclaren and Dowden (2000)
5021:
Trochus, Balthasar (1517). "Sequuntur multorum deorum nomina..".
5004:
4785:
The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons
4597:
Encyclopedia of Norse and Germanic Folklore, Mythology, and Magic
4128:
Classified as "E. pet name (German:Kosenamen)" type names in the
3996:
itself, based on the fact he thinks he is quoting the gloss from
3714:
3584:
3397:
3374:
3323:
3258:
3087:
2970:
2871:, Saxony). Benjamin Thorpe likens this to similar lore about the
2868:
2636:
2621:) immediately after, perhaps as an example of such a cap-wearer.
1736:
1428:
785:
752:
refer jokingly to figurines made of wood or wax. The exemplum in
517:
419:
361:
283:
250:
131:
105:
13647:
11056:
10570:
10543:
9863:
No. 135 "Das Dorf Konerow", from a village in Kreis Grafenwald;
9780:
9778:
9008:
9006:
9004:
8860:
5959:
Handbuch der deutschen Mythologie: mit Einschluss der nordischen
5814:(25 ed.). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 510.
4514:(25 ed.). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 406.
3587:
the kobold originated as a children's radio play series (1961).
2060:
Nis (Niß) is also explained to be a northern pet name for Nils.
722:"house". and the English word "cove" in the sense of 'shelter'.
16095:
16011:
15971:
15669:
15634:
15575:
15003:
14998:
14757:
14668:
14642:
14632:
14588:
14558:
14442:
14427:
14306:
14233:
14203:
14198:
14129:
14114:
14063:
13882:
13864:
13759:
13719:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13667:
13627:
13622:
13567:
13531:
13466:
13301:
13238:
13118:
13043:
13038:
12804:
12716:
12646:
12576:
12464:
12373:
12271:
12061:
12012:
10262:
9042:
Allgemeine deutsche Real-Encyclopädie für die gebildeten Stände
8554:
8256:
to WWII.) call their kitchen kobolds by, according to Saintine.
7130:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6714:
5278:
Nürnberg: In Verlegung W.M. Endters. p. 793 (pp. 792–798).
4759:
4331:
3852:
3509:
3378:
3298:
3157:
3077:
3076:
The bribe left to the household spirit, other than milk may be
2945:
2812:
2276:
1817:
1793:
1783:
1732:
1038:) underwent a meaning-shift or conflation with "mine spirits".
970:
953:
The Grimms' dictionary considered the names of the mine spirit
149:
11707:. Deutsches Sagenbuch 4. München: C.H. Beck. pp. 149–166.
11495:"Concerning the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany"
10169:
9368:
8242:. Akron, Ohio: Saalfield Publishing Company. pp. 315–317.
7430:
6760:(2 ed.). Lichtenfels, Bavaria: H. O. Schulze. p. 49.
6452:(4 ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 24–28.
5340::1060 : "ein Geist in eineme Ringe, Gäcklein oder Haaren"
4108:" confusingly carries the different meaning of mandrake root (
3665:, resulting in many Japanese media depictions doing the same.
3619:
video game series, and also feature in tabletop games such as
16201:
16171:
16140:
16051:
16033:
15966:
15961:
15846:
15644:
15597:
15555:
15543:
15538:
15533:
15528:
14915:
14762:
14752:
14617:
14600:
14583:
14533:
14497:
14477:
14462:
14346:
14336:
14273:
14258:
14186:
14141:
14136:
14084:
14018:
13932:
13927:
13907:
13902:
13779:
13739:
13734:
13642:
13526:
13336:
13218:
13128:
13068:
12879:
12415:
12292:
11949:
11771:
Rübezahl-Forschungen: Die Schriften des M. Johannes Prätorius
11002:
Ellett, Mrs. (January 1846). "Traditions and Superstitions",
10064:
9936:
9775:
9763:
9001:
8819:
8302:
7988:
7986:
7984:
7934:
7932:
7930:
7928:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7412:
7410:
7098:. Vol. 1. Oldenburg: Gerhard Stalling. pp. 396–397.
6906:. Greifswald: in Commission bey Ernst Mauritius. p. 333.
5727:. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 24.
5667:
Sächsische Volkswörter: Beiträge zur mundartlichen Volkskunde
5051:
4222:
3595:
Kobolds also appear in many modern fantasy-themed games like
3359:
3355:
3339:
3331:
3312:
3098:
2965:, as kobold. This is somewhat underscored by the remark that
2911:, may point to a connection between kobold and dragon myths.
2314:
categorizes otherwise as puppet names. So rather than taking
1845:
meaning "sorcerer, giant" has been listed as cognate forms.
1792:
may allude to a wooden object, or a "dolt" by extension. The
1391:
944:
874:
560:, 1340) may (?) suggest "kobold" being regarded more like an
512:
388:
353:
282:), or are also prone to wearing such caps. The combined form
173:
145:
of Cologne (recorded 1826) is distinguished from Hinzelmann.
13657:
10560:
10558:
10265:
and loss of Winzenburg, whereby the fiefdom reverted to the
9753:
9751:
9749:
9747:
6919:
6398:"kobold", III. ursprung, nebenformen, 3) a) gives among the
6115:
6113:
6098:
5046:
reads "lares foci sunt vulgo kobelte" as requoted in Grimms
4591:
Bergmännlein, Bergmönch, Knappenmanndl, Kobel, Gütel; gruvrå
3760:(1690) which includes the tale under the header of "kobold".
3572:, Op. 3, is also Opera in Three Acts with text and music by
2011:; the story of "Chimmeken" dates to c. 1327 and recorded in
1891:) in the location map above, based on additional sources. A
1770:) did indeed exist locally in the folklore of the north, in
16176:
16018:
15851:
15734:
15649:
15592:
14553:
14432:
14321:
14181:
14146:
13958:
13794:
11720:
Spirits, Fairies, Leprechauns, and Goblins: An Encyclopedia
11018:
11016:
11014:
11012:
10925:
9313:
9053:
9051:
8226:. Paris: Librairie de L. Hachette et Cie. pp. 287–289.
6809:
6807:
6805:
5690:
5688:
5686:
4889:
4887:
3342:; while they align the subterranean variety with the Norse
3286:
3057:
2969:
transformation was considered an ability of sorcerers with
2614:
2435:
Other house spirits categorized as "K. Other names" by the
2264:
in Lower Saxony was described at length by Pastor Feldmann
2250:
1731:
dolls were manufactured out of the available roots such as
1583:
were thought by Grimm to derive from noise-making, but the
210:
in Low German, meaning "little hat"; tale retold as Grimms
9924:
9414:
9389:
9097:
9095:
8364:
8352:
8238:. Translated by Maximilian Schele de Vere; Illustrated by
8113:
7981:
7925:
7672:
7617:. Woodbury, Minnesota.: Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 126.
7562:
7407:
7273:
6276:, joker" is given by a later linguist. Glasenapp believed
4828:"4ter Abschnitt. Volkssage und Volksglaube in Oberfranken"
4577:
4042:
Mr. Kalodzky, who taught at the Hungarian School of Mines.
2716:
was regarded as wearing a "red jacket and cap" in western
1474:
has slipped into becoming a generic term, translatable as
16028:
16023:
15956:
15951:
15587:
14690:
13391:
13248:
11644:. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts.
11114:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
11046:
11044:
11042:
11040:
10918:. Quoted in Hardwick, p. 139. The sources spell the word
10730:
10718:
10591:
10555:
10481:
10377:
10367:
10365:
10323:
9744:
9489:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9182:
9180:
8470:
8424:
8381:
8379:
8053:'s literary work, but the oral origins were published by
7800:
7798:
7082:
7080:
7041:
7039:
7037:
6979:
6977:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6870:
Place-marked its setting, the ruin of Castle Flügelau at
6434:
6110:
5478:
Franz, Adolf ed. (1906), Frater Rudolfus (c. 1235-1250)
5460:
5343:
5201:, Eng. tr., compared with Latin-German gloss to the work.
5116:
5114:
5112:
5110:
4197:
4004:, Liber I, and, it is strange that on the usage of Latin
3396:
The kobold as mining spirits are compared to the English
1960:
1943:, glossed in a c. 1500 dictionary as a household spirit (
257:
of Heinrich, so that Heinzelmann might be a variant, the
126:
fairy) which are attested in Northern Germany, alongside
11585:. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 4–5.
11112:
A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature
11009:
10636:
10624:
9564:
9562:
9048:
9018:
8989:
6971:
Place-marked at Stapelholm, as per Müllenhoff and Thorpe
6953:
6950:
Place-marked at Nortorf,where Meigen had his pastorship.
6850:
6848:
6802:
6350:
6268:("trickster"). Older German-English dictionaries define
6179:
Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw: Animals, Language, Sensation
6038:
5683:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5036:
5034:
4884:
4669:
4667:
4240:
Leute aus.. Stapelholm, die den Niß Puk gesehen haben.."
447:" is defined as "wooden or waxen figures of a fairyish (
11466:
Schnurren, schwänke und erzählungen von der insel Rügen
10672:
9983:
9906:"Die Entstehung eines dienstbaren Kobolds aus einme Ei"
9229:
9201:
9092:
8770:(2001a). "Die Herkunft der Kölner Heinzelmännchen". In
7998:
5909:
5369:
4734:
4732:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4531:
2586:
2241:
to be a famous "cabbage spirit" in the Hartzewalde (in
2089:
1848:
There exists a version of this water-bear tale, set in
575:(glossed "penates") and Old High German (Old Frankish)
304:
295:
Sometimes household sprites manifests as a noisemaker (
11742:
Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Sachsen und Thüringen
11157:
11037:
10760:
10362:
10276:
10190:
10000:
9998:
9882:
9659:
9426:
9355:
He calls the "Schwertmann" a "kobold" in his essay on
9177:
9030:
8972:(hobgoblins) haunting the house, quoted in English by
8665:
popeln, popern (schnell und schwach anklopfen, pochen)
8414:
8412:
8410:
8395:
8376:
8337:", cited from another edition by Weiser-All, note 35).
7795:
7684:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7077:
7034:
7022:
6974:
6881:
5851:" in the Grimms' dictionary entry for "Kobold", II b).
5107:
4838:. Vol. 3. München: J. G. Cotta. pp. 305–307.
4836:
Bavaria: Landes- und volkskunde des königreichs Bayern
4428:"The Kobold and the Bishop of Hidesheim's Kitchen-boy"
2919:
Other kobolds appear as non-human animals. Folklorist
11181:
10660:
10137:. Frankfurt: Plener. p. 394, note *, cont. to p. 396.
9684:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
9680:"The Devil and His Imps: An Etymological Inquisition"
9559:
9361:
pondering on the connection between such spirits and
9067:
Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste
7495:
Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste
7190:
7188:
6845:
6703:'s paper on it is signed at that city, and discusses
6568:
6566:
6564:
5645:
5173:. Basel: Sumptibus & Typis Emanuelis König. p. .
5156:
5154:
5152:
5031:
4774:
4772:
4701:(1987) . "Schrat, Schrättel (Schraz, Schrätzel)". In
4664:
4630:
3756:
Grimm's version combines multiple sources, including
2445:, {lang|de|herdmannl}}, {lang|de|schrackagerl}}. The
2019:). Chimgen (Kurd Chimgen), and Chim are other forms.
973:
ore derived from the supposed mischief caused by the
11442:
11426:
11342:. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. pp. 131–202.
10106:
9632:
9624:
9247:
9086:
9069:. Vol. 2. Leipzig: Brockhaus. pp. 372–373.
8854:
8699:
8659:
8643:
8548:
8536:
8488:
8464:
8346:
8125:
8107:
8091:
7881:
7832:
7507:
7497:. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Brockhaus. pp. 303–304.
7379:
7343:
7305:
7292:
7179:
7145:
6672:
6499:
6333:"kobold" III 1) and III 2) b), He also acknowledges
6289:
6068:
6032:
6016:
5937:
5933:
5903:
5886:
5546:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 136 and note15.
5433:
5120:
5078:
4959:
4729:
4528:
3992:
It is possible Grimm did not notice this passage in
3647:), they are depicted as being mouse-dwarf hybrids.
2805:
Cf. Grimm, the lore that unbaptized children become
2275:
The kobold appears in the guise of a cat to eat the
1541:
below). A synonym for kobold in that sense includes
990:(mountain manikin, mountain spirit) in these mines.
726:
656:" has been advanced by various authors, as early as
603:-like name for a house or location spirit, given as
193:
A kobold is known by various names (discussed under
11445:"(Notes to) XVII. Wights and Elves §Elves, Dwarves"
10603:
9995:
8407:
7918:are not in the given sources, and occurs, e.g., in
7440:
7228:
6304:
6302:
4000:Libri XII, when in fact he is quoting the gloss on
3354:argued that the German kobold and the Scandinavian
237:The story of the "multi-formed" Hinzelmann (Grimms
11722:. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
10049:. Vol. 2. Glogau: Carl Flemming. p. 496.
9948:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8516:. London: Harrap & Co., n.d. pp. 186–196.
7185:
6561:
6272:as "rogue" or "wag", again, dated terms, whereas "
6155:. Leipzig: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 46–47.
5936:, pp. 500, 501 "for fun"; and notes, vol. 4,
5149:
5007:" (household deity) bolsters the possibility that
4769:
4693:
4691:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
3951:Agricola called the mine spirits by such names as
3863:; in the subsequent entry he notes twisted bread (
3739: – Spiritlike creature from Japanese folklore
2959:One lexicon glosses the French term for werewolf,
1020:(1928) recapped the later "standard" etymology of
829:, under the slander for stupidity category in the
11774:. Wort und Brauch 5. Breslau: M. & H. Marcus.
11267:"X.Hausgeister. Kobold, Puk, Drak, Klabautermann"
10808:
10711:No. 75 "Hintzelmann", pp.110–111, 113–114, 127;
10522:Wörterbuch der altmärkisch-plattdeutschen Mundart
10505:
10498:
10496:
10105:, 3te Ausgabe, Band I, and "II" is a misprint, =
9804:Ashliman states the kobold is otherwise known as
8677:pöpel ist sonst was sich puppt, vermumt, einhüllt
8146:
8144:
7129:Also place-marked at East Frisian Nordmohr (in ≈
7096:Aberglaube und Sagen aus dem Herzogthum Oldenburg
4395:Not in the Praetorius's version, quoted by Heine.
4059:
4057:
3979:and selection of other works), quoted by Grimm's
3908:
2792:
2755:―Illustrated by Gustav Doré, in: Saintine (1862)
1545:, which is also attested in the medieval period.
1012:The conflation between kobold "house spirit" and
814:There are other medieval literary examples using
348:that Grimm supported derived the word from Latin
317:is a "noisemaker" type of kobold name, while the
185:aboard ships are sometimes classed as a kobold.
16249:
11489:
11271:Erzählungen und Erzählstoff in Pommern 1840-1938
11084:. Edinburgh: William and Robert Chambers, p. 221
11022:Kirby, David, and Merja-Liisa Hinkkanen (2000).
10576:
10549:
10419:
10246:The historical background given here is that of
10163:
10016:
9847:from an egg in Jahn, No. 154. from Kratzig (now
9524:
9483:
9287:
8973:
8934:
8932:
8930:
8928:
8880:
8878:
8869:
8206:
8204:
8202:
8193:
7888:: 479</ref> However, Brückner gives Czech
6739:
6737:
6692:since it is in Baden, in the nexus with Swabia.
6575:Gütel, Gütchen, Jüdel, Jütel, usw. (Dämonenname)
6408:
6299:
6283:
6264:Aristotle describes an owl as both a mime and a
5742:
5740:
5660:
5263:
5261:
5233:"kobold", I gives definition, III gives origins.
5103:. Witebergæ: Typis Meisnerianis. pp. 78–79.
4380:"Hütgin" used jocularly as salutation to wife: "
4091:so he realizes this is a term for a plant root (
3843:"beautiful" tangentially notes the etymology of
3576:; his third opera and it was completed in 1903.
2581:of Schwerin is a story that mentions its beard.
2501:
2163:It should be noted as a preface that the kobold
1999:Chimke (var. Chimken, Chimmeken), diminutive of
1765:
652:"ruler, power, authority", with the meaning of "
13822:
11388:. Vol. 1. Berlin: Nicolai. pp. 90–92.
11201:. Vol. 2. Boston: D.C. Heath. p. 366.
11177:(6 ed.). London: Edward Moxon. p. 38.
11006:, Vol. III. New York: George H. Colton. p. 1017
10948:, Translated by Summers, London: Fortune Press.
9719:
9717:
9715:
9713:
9190:Heine: "the ancients.. conceive of hobgoblins (
8950:
8900:
8898:
8896:
8894:
8892:
8890:
7829:'s Polish dictionary cited by Ranke (note 34))
7604:
7247:
6878:, as per Grimms' No. 76 with its single source.
6594:
6592:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6280:meant a professional joker, buffoon, sycophant.
5812:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
5544:"Curious, if True": The Fantastic in Literature
5318:
5241:
5239:
5204:
5089:
5087:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4688:
4512:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
4448:
4432:Nymphs, Nixies and Naiads: Legends of the Rhine
3777:
3775:
3590:
3583:occurs in modern East German puppet theatre. .
3557:
2385:
2147:illustr. (1912), "The Little White Feather" in
2030:glossed as "lares" and attested together with "
2016:
969:). And under "kobalt" it considers the name of
68:, cobold) is a general or generic name for the
11062:
10493:
10269:. According to the first tale, a spirit named
10121:
9671:
8777:Heinzelmännchen: Beiträge zu einer Kölner Sage
8738:
8216:"XII. § Un Kobold au service d'une cuisinière"
8141:
8027:Heinzelmännchen: Beiträge zu einer Kölner Sage
7792:, Upper Franconia. It haunts a horse's stable.
7648:
7646:
5986:
5984:
5948:
5946:
5854:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4807:The Grimms abridge the single printed source,
4787:(3 ed.). London: Routledge. p. 103.
4215:. In the Beowulf essay Müllenhoff also cites "
4054:
4051:Compare published map by Schäfer et al. (2000)
4025:For Further description of "mine kobolds" aka
2994:
1649:(diminutive of "god", i.e. "little god", var.
938:
836:
292:, said to appear in a form like a fire shaft.
15278:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
14845:
12864:
11795:
10998:
10996:
10994:
10992:
10990:
10881:
10615:
10401:)" the master cook off the bridge in Grimms'
10297:
10295:
10293:
10291:
8925:
8875:
8760:
8199:
8010:
6734:
5924:", citing Schröder 32, 211. Horst Brunner ed.
5737:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5533:
5529:
5527:
5489:
5439:
5258:
5100:Georgii Agricolae De Animantibus subterraneis
2999:
2743:
2661:, in northernmost Germany adjoining Denmark.
2543:―Illustrated by Gustav Doré, Saintine (1862)
822:as a metaphor for mute or dumb human beings.
422:or stable kobold, which tampers with horses.
224:body cooking in a pot. Likewise the resident
11549:
10980:
10978:
10976:
10748:
10654:
10459:
10451:
10431:
10354:
10348:
10342:
10031:
9894:
9710:
9648:
9477:
9471:
9449:
9276:
9275:No. 434 "Niß Puk in Owschlag", subtale 1.: "
9113:
9078:
9076:
8887:
8675:
8669:
8663:
7907:
7901:
7895:
7393:33. Das Jesuskind im alten Hospital zu Halle
7207:
7117:
7057:
6916:Place-marked at Mecklenburg, as per Kantzow.
6780:
6705:
6635:
6626:
6624:in the Thüringen-Sächsen Vogtland. The form
6589:
6509:
6228:
6139:. Online version retrieved 25 February 2008.
5973:
5846:
5798:
5709:
5669:. Dresden: Wilhelm Baensch. pp. 25–26.
5540:(2001) and 'The Monarch of the Glen' (2004)"
5501:"Der Kesselhaken im Volksglauben der Letten"
5310:
5236:
5084:
5011:or some MHG cognate form corresponded to it.
4972:
4970:
4968:
4918:
4906:
4867:
4849:
4498:
4287:
4272:
4257:
4216:
4181:
3970:
3815:
3810:Müller-Fraureuth (1906) wrote that the form
3772:
3733:, the kobold of Northern Germany and Denmark
3244:
3238:
3213:
3173:The house-spirit ins some areas were called
3061:
3039:
3033:
3024:
2928:
2897:
2831:
2806:
2735:
2721:
2669:
2640:
2607:
2440:
2379:
2373:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2302:
2296:
2192:
2175:
2119:
2075:
2069:
2037:
2031:
1944:
1923:
1917:
1892:
1872:seemed to be current around Fichtelgebirge (
1867:
1861:
1756:
1750:
1711:
1664:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1615:
1577:
1569:
1550:
1520:
1514:
1478:, so that all manners of household spirits (
1033:
927:, etc., were also regarded as deriving from
693:
686:
668:
583:for house or hearth deities also glossed as
541:
535:
413:
287:
225:
92:
11273:. München: Waxmann Verlag. pp. 163ff.
10854:
10022:
9784:
9386:", pp. 261–262, with an endnote at p. 601.
8976:, pp. 139–141, translated from (1666)
8825:
8813:
8705:
8428:] and glosses it as deriving from adj.
8308:
8259:
8110:, pp. 503–504, rendered "noisy ghost".
7992:
7975:
7913:
7889:
7867:
7861:
7643:
7481:
7434:
7279:
7086:
6833:as per Grimms' No. 75 with a single source.
6342:
6182:. University of Chicago Press. p. 60.
6142:
6104:
5981:
5943:
5515:
5466:
5138:. London: The Mining Magazine. p. 217, n26.
5097:(1614). "37". In Johannes Sigfridus (ed.).
5014:
4814:
4545:
4418:
4416:
4381:
3964:
3794:Francisi is one of the sources for Grimm's
3650:
2683:). The Schwertmann was said to dwell in a
2449:lore is widespread from Saxony to Bavaria.
1954:
610:
547:
522:
425:
14852:
14838:
14814:
12871:
12857:
11802:
11788:
11664:
11649:
11619:
11613:. Leipzig: G. Schönfeld. pp. 291–293.
10987:
10951:
10836:
10805:. Manchester: Charles Simms and Co., p. 60
10789:
10288:
10175:
9867:No. 146 "Die beiden Rôdjäckten in Gollnow"
9467:
9395:
9377:
9319:
9293:
9272:
9149:
8358:
8324:
8320:
8119:
7610:
6932:
6241:German Today: The Advanced Learner's Guide
6196:
6169:
5860:
5763:
5622:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 229–230.
5578:
5524:
5223:
4881:"389. Noch mehr von Heugütel", pp. 292–293
2635:There is lore concerning the infant-sized
1724:came to be regarded as meaning a dragon.
521:, as in Trochus (1517), or "kobold" with "
430:The "kobold" is defined as the well-known
11533:
11326:
11299:Handwörterbuch des Deutschen Aberglaubens
10973:
10736:
10724:
10712:
10597:
10564:
10487:
10383:
10341:Grimm DS No. 74, the kitchen lad flings "
10329:
10070:
9942:
9851:). and Haas (1896) from Rügen, two tales.
9769:
9757:
9495:
9073:
8816:, p. 33: Category H, Literary names.
8744:
8615:
8599:
8575:. Vol. 2. Hiersemann. p. 1424.
8563:
8494:
8476:
7938:
7721:
7160:Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens
6356:
6044:
5746:
5694:
5495:
5267:
4965:
4712:Handwörterbuch des Deutschen Aberglaubens
4683:Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens
4640:"2. Die Geister des Hauses. § Der Kobold"
4583:
4560:Handwörterbuch des Deutschen Aberglaubens
3477:of Sinope. As that story spread from the
3156:). In the tale from Nordmohr (in or near
2884:A legend from the same period taken from
2771:―Heintzelmann, by Feldmann (1704), Ch. 18
2508:
1493:Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens
898:is not original to Grimm, and he credits
729:), though this eventually got displaced.
454:
245:as its byname suggests. When the lord of
83:It may invisibly make noises (i.e., be a
11432:"XVII. Wights and Elves §Elves, Dwarves"
11308:
11232:
11004:The American Whig Review: A Whig Journal
10892:Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore
10690:
10678:
10630:
10344:Dreck aus der Küche.. oder.. Spül-Wasser
10127:
9723:
9553:
9549:
9223:
9219:
9024:
8995:
8904:
8766:
8631:
8627:
8229:
8210:
8016:
8004:
7838:
7804:
7777:"Das Schrezelein in Hartungs" is set in
7401:
6743:
6234:
5715:
5297:
5160:
5093:
5024:Vocabulorum rerum promptuariu[m]
4981:Sprachschaß der angelsächsischen Dichter
4413:
3421:
3237:recognized in northern Germany the form
2763:
2747:
2535:
2518:
2492:servants come and go, the kobold stays.
2470:
2395:
2233:also recognized this as the lore of the
2131:
2080:, which is one of the names of a cap or
1688:
1386:names in Germany, by categories (sample)
879:) meaning "joker, trickster". The final
458:
34:
12878:
11761:. Vol. III. London: Edward Lumley.
11633:. Siegen: Westdeutschen Verlagsanstalt.
11416:"(Anmerkung von) XVII. Wichte und Elbe"
11348:
11215:
10196:
10162:Quoted from an "old chronicle", via in
9989:
9900:
9235:
9207:
9101:
9057:
8671:vermumten kinderschreckenden gespenstes
8401:
8029:. Kölnisches Stadtmuseum. p. 119.
8019:"Kopischs „Heinzelmännchen" auf Kölsch"
7872:somewhere, justifying "kobold" meaning.
7768:in Köhlers's anthology of Vogtand lore.
6995:Place-markable on the island of Rügen,
6892:
6842:Place-marked at Fichtelberg after Grimm
6520:
6442:Library of the Surgeon General's Office
6148:
5975:zuletzt mehr zum Scherz oder zur Zierde
5952:
5916:Katalog der Texte. Älterer Teil (G - P)
5599:. London: Routledge. pp. 229–230.
5020:
4825:
4386:". Variant spelling ignored in Eng. tr.
3905:and deceitful, just like a kobold doll.
3191:got out!" it says. A similar tale from
3086:(bread roll according to a lexicon for
2514:
1824:) according to the various sources the
1681:(in Latin) as akin to his mine spirit.
1528:
1262:
887:suffix for monsters and supernaturals.
530:While the term "kobold" is attested in
42:―Illustrated by William A. McCullough,
16:Sprite stemming from Germanic mythology
16250:
11751:
11735:
11601:
11579:The European Folktale: Form and Nature
11376:
11264:
11187:
11163:
11050:
10766:
10708:
10666:
10642:
10371:
10282:
10213:
10037:
9930:
9888:
9665:
9606:
9437:
9420:
9408:
9260:
8837:
8780:. Kölnisches Stadtmuseum. p. 49.
8711:
8611:
8595:
8506:"Chapter IX: The Little White Feather"
8385:
8265:
8131:
7814:Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego
7678:
7652:
7575:
7540:
7387:
7045:
7028:
6983:
6959:
6854:
6813:
6723:
6641:
6598:
6202:
6175:
5990:
5612:
5591:
5406:
5400:
5335:Des Spatens Teutsche Sekretariat-Kunst
4878:
4778:
3928:" and this got translated as 'rogue',
3493:
2927:hatches from a yolk-less chicken egg (
2540:The kobold Chim helps the kitchen maid
1684:
1624:is simply a generic bogeyman (German:
1330:
1041:
15206:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
14833:
14819:List of beings referred to as fairies
13821:
13024:
12852:
11783:
11685:
11569:
11410:
11394:
11309:Feldmann, Marcquart, Pfarrer (1704).
11224:Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin
10957:
10609:
10308:Fairy Tales: Their Origin and Meaning
10086:. Stetten: F. Hessenland. p. 13.
10004:
9677:
9568:
9082:
9012:
8655:
8232:"XII. §A Kobold in the Cook's Employ"
8103:
7873:
7744:Zapf (1874), p. 38 cited by Ranke in
7734:. Hof: Franz Büching. pp. 38–39.
7690:
7637:
7511:
7371:
7359:
7141:
6799:Place-marked at Winzenburg/Hildesheim
6293:
6056:
5962:(6 ed.). A. Marcus. p. 451.
5866:"Weiteres zur Urgeschichte der Inder"
4893:
4738:
4697:
4422:
3011:In the story of the Chimmeken of the
2605:. Grimm mentions the spirit known as
2587:§ True identity as child's ghost
2565:(cf. right). The bearded look is the
1887:is marked in Upper Franconia (around
1880:form is recognized in Vogtland also.
1764:But the kobold kind known as Alrune (
1587:considers them to be doll names. The
1411:a) Hüdeken b) Hinzelmann, Kazten-veit
305:§ True identity as child's ghost
13025:
11517:
11499:The Romantic School and Other Essays
11473:
11459:
11358:Handbuch der germanischen Mythologie
11219:Die deutschen Sagen der Brüder Grimm
10076:
9876:
9864:
9860:
9831:
9819:
8500:
7727:
6244:. Clarendon Press. pp. 29, 32.
4201:].." is a misprint for No. 348 "
3743:
3566:'s lyric piece, opus 71, number 3.
3389:were spirits invoked (i.e., used as
3114:
2839:
2523:Winged Hintzelmann in the household.
2168:
2136:Hinzelmann was a kobold who haunted
1989:
1669:(i.e., sense of 'idol') in medieval
1164:
744:The earliest known uses of the word
591:(Middle High German location spirit
14859:
11809:
11767:
11635:(Reprint of Schwerssche Buch, 1845)
11095:Isaiah 34:14: Parallel Translations
10754:No. 17 Klabåtersmanneken oder Pûkse
9303:Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum
8510:The Fairies and the Christmas Child
8370:
7404:and dressing it up in white shirt.)
6898:Kosegarten, Johann Gottfried Ludwig
5725:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics
4314:
2848:(or Goldmar), a famous kobold from
2149:The Fairies and the Christmas Child
2104:) of the house sprite Hütchen from
1953:. The Czech forms (standardized as
1939:as kobold also occurs in Poland as
1206:
13:
16167:LGBT themes in speculative fiction
15493:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien
10107:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
9633:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
9625:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1888)
9407:Translated without attribution by
9248:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
9087:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8855:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8700:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8660:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8644:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8549:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8537:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8489:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8465:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8347:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8108:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8092:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
8049:Weiser-Aall seems to regard it as
7882:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
7748:, p. 1289 note 54), as Zapf p. 43.
7731:Der Sagenkreis des Fichtelgebirges
7508:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
7380:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
7344:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1888)
7306:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1888)
7293:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1888)
7224:Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch
7180:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
7146:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
6941:", pp. 317–319 with various notes.
6673:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
6610:. Leipzig: Fleischer. p. 476.
6500:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
6290:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
6069:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
6033:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
6017:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
5938:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1888)
5934:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
5904:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
5887:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
5747:Johansson, Karl Ferdinand (1893).
5434:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
5380:Novum glossarium latino-germanicum
5361:Novum glossarium latino-germanicum
5247:Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch
5079:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
4960:Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883)
4946:Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch
4031:Gnome#Communication through noises
3562:A kobold is musically depicted in
3469:believed that the sea kobolds, or
3393:?) by such tongue-wagging rogues.
3226:
3048:, c. 1500. A preceding tale where
2740:), red jacket with shiny buttons.
2667:provided the "kobold" lore of the
2618:
2502:§ Activities and interactions
2466:
2391:
1922:are marked in Upper Franconia and
1755:(generic name for such dolls) and
1659:" section conjecturing the use of
1309:
1192:
1009:derived from the same Greek word.
857:) or rather its antecedent Greek
727:§ Grimm's alternate etymology
667:(1861–1864) who postulated a form
498:
14:
16319:
11611:Sagenbuch des Königreichs Sachsen
11110:Jeffrey, David Lyle, ed. (1992).
10225:One of the Grimms' DS sources is
10047:Sagenbuch des preussischen Staats
9167:Simrock connects "Hans Donnerstag
5996:"Zur Geschichte des Puppenspiels"
5978:lately more as joke or for decor"
5534:Müller-Olesen, Max F. R. (2012).
5027:. Leipzig: Lottherus. p. A5.
4763:
4758:which extends to Thuringia. (Cf.
4313:Cf. Drak lore of this city under
4072:The remaining categories are: F.
3554:above) as synonym for his gnome.
2862:
2700:was also current farther east in
2386:§ Offerings and retributions
2017:§ Offerings and retributions
1897:reputedly haunted a household at
1677:answers to Agricola's naming the
1538:
1295:
732:
632:both fit this evolutionary path.
172:equated with the earth elemental
16232:
16231:
16221:
14813:
14804:
14803:
12521:Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter)
11524:Volkssagen aus Pommern und Rügen
11125:
11104:
11087:
11068:
10905:
10894:. Lancanshire: Ayer Publishing.
10860:Dorson, Richard Mercer (1999). "
10845:
10772:
10742:
10702:
10684:
10648:
10582:
10527:
10468:
10443:
10425:
10389:
10335:
10261:ca. 1130, resulting in Herman's
10240:
10219:
10202:
10181:
10156:
10141:
10090:
10053:
9970:
9870:
9854:
9837:
9825:
9813:
9798:
9735:
9642:
9618:
9600:
9574:
9543:
9530:
9527:, pp. 140–141, via Dobeneck
9501:
9461:
9443:
9401:
9349:
9266:
9253:
9213:
9161:
9143:
9125:
9107:
8941:
8916:
8831:
8807:
8794:
8649:
8621:
8605:
8589:
8451:, from one of the sources, i.e.
8340:
8314:
8289:
8246:
8183:
8170:
8157:
8097:
8043:
7964:
7854:
7820:
7771:
7751:
7738:
7696:
7631:
7581:
7549:
7531:"The alraun or gallowsmannikin (
7525:
7501:
7353:
7315:
7285:
7151:
7135:
7123:
7111:
7102:
7068:
7051:
7013:
6989:
6965:
6944:
6910:
6864:
6836:
6823:
6820:No. 75 "Hinzelmann", pp. 103–128
6793:
6764:
6678:
6614:
6543:
6534:
6476:
5363:, p. 304. Citing '7V. vrat. sim.
4389:
4374:
4365:
4337:
4320:
4307:
4295:
4280:
4265:
4244:
4228:
4189:
4174:
4161:
4148:
4135:
4122:
4098:
4081:
4066:
4045:
4036:
4019:
3986:
3945:
3426:A Klabautermann on a ship, from
3411:
3179:to have an Alrûn in one's pocket
3032:A similar story of the vengeful
2430:
2269:
2063:
1693:Plant-people, Alraun (mandrake)
1458:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1363:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1329:
1318:
1308:
1294:
1283:
1275:
1261:
1247:
1233:
1219:
1205:
1191:
1177:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1069:
993:Jacob Grimm certainly knew that
931:by Grimm, citing Dutch linguist
265:of a child who died unbaptized.
16222:
15177:Ballantine Adult Fantasy series
9138:Notes to KHM 55 Rumpelstilzhcen
8285:. Vol. 3. Hamburg. III.ii.
6744:Reichold, Andreas, ed. (1926).
6604:"XIII. Sagen §50. Das Heugütel"
6456:
6405:, regarding it as a diminutive.
6388:
6371:
6362:
6323:
6313:Etymologicum teutonicae linguae
6258:
6074:
6067:, p. 424 "koboldische lachen";
6050:
6010:
5966:
5927:
5880:
5828:
5700:
5661:Müller-Fraureuth, Karl (1906).
5636:
5569:
5560:
5472:
5391:
5303:
5282:
5191:
5180:Dæmon subterraneus trunculentus
4993:
4899:
4842:
4801:
4744:
3935:
3879:
3870:
3829:
3804:
3788:
3763:
3750:
3720:Kobold (Dungeons & Dragons)
3131:
2777:The normal invisibility of the
2569:ascribed red hair and beard in
2341:popel, pöpel, pöplemann, popanz
2282:
1816:(into Thuringia), and Austria (
1777:
1276:
1220:
1178:
1136:
1016:"mine spirit", German linguist
10577:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
10550:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
10420:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
10164:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
10017:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
9843:More specifically a kobold or
9788:(1821). Boswell, James (ed.).
9612:=XIII. Sagen §56. Schretzelein
9525:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
9484:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
9470:, pp. 363–364, 365–366: "
9333:Beowulf: The Critical Heritage
8974:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
8870:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
8194:Heine & Mustard tr. (1985)
6214:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
4986:: 167, quoted also in Grimms
3546:Part II, v. 5848, Goethe uses
3307:derive from the same roots as
3185:
3152:(which is the German term for
2914:
2793:True identity as child's ghost
2460:
2367:
2356:was reference to noise, while
2279:bribe, in Saintine's version.
1992:below and the daugher article
1150:
1122:
1:
11024:The Baltic and the North Seas
10795:Moore, Edward (1847), editor
10248:Herman I, Count of Winzenburg
10229:(1690)'s version, which adds
9678:Scott, Charles P. G. (1895).
9651:C. Gebräuche und Aberglauben
9119:Das Petermännchen zu Schwerin
7092:"256. Alrunen sind Geister.."
6746:"Das Schrezelein in Hartungs"
6684:Classed as A or doll name by
5412:Fleischer, Ida Bertha Paulina
4402:
3488:
3148:tells of a kobold called the
3066:) to get rid of the Hödeken.
2877:("drake") in Swinemünde (now
2830:(≈ will-o'-the-wisp), called
2696:The lore of the house kobold
2206:") which may be precursor to
2118:). Grimm also adds the names
2015:'s Pomeranian chronicle (cf.
1850:Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge
1248:
1234:
965:must be a diminutive cognate
618:
599:There is an attestation to a
463:Household spirit, kobold, or
194:
11929:Companions of Saint Nicholas
11745:. Vol. 1. Halle: Anton.
11689:(1910). "6. Der Kobold". In
11640:Maclaren, Archibald (1857).
11483:. Berlin: Hermann Eichblatt.
11301:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
11063:Kirby & Hinkkanen (2000)
10715:, pp. 244–245, 247, 254
10621:The Writers of Chantilly 98.
10043:"469. Der Chimmeke in Loitz"
10039:Grässe, Johann Georg Theodor
9954:Rädlein, Johann (1711) s.v.
8392:No. 74 "Hütchen", pp. 97–103
7453:Marzell, Heinrich (1927). "
5992:Grässe, Johann Georg Theodor
4016:(1829) rather than Agricola.
3957:cobalus, virunculos montanos
3897:, "lynx", conceived of as a
3591:Games and D&D literature
3558:Theatrical and musical works
3534:, the kobold represents the
3292:
2127:
1966:
1427:Chimmeken Woltken, Chimken
1364:
802:The 17th century expression
706:root is possibly related to
681:(1908) suggested ancestral (
635:
387:denoting mine spirits, i.e.
360:
7:
15195:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
13823:Fairy-like beings worldwide
12791:Hirschsprung (Black Forest)
11563:. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus.
11216:Aschner, Siegfried (1909).
11189:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
11165:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
11101:. Retrieved 8 November 2007
10437:No. 82 Hans mit dem Hütchen
9879:No. 53. "Der Puk als Hahn".
9822:No. 154 "Das Spâei", p. 129
9331:; Haarder, Andreas (eds.).
7611:Arrowsmith, Nancy (2009) .
7597:= Grimm (1877) Ch. XXXVII,
7587:Thorpe citing Grimm (1844)
6600:Köhler, Joseph August Ernst
5753:Indogermanische Forschungen
5749:"Sanskritische Etymologien"
5199:De Animantibus subterraneis
5040:Trochus, Balthasar (1517),
4809:Der vielförmige Hintzelmann
4225:, close to e.g. Stapelholm.
3998:Bermanus, sive de metallica
3814:survives in modern German "
3708:
3044:) occurs in a chronicle of
2995:Activities and interactions
2896:(apparently corrupted from
2528:Der vielförmige Hintzelmann
2509:§ Physical description
2326:"doll" , Grimm argued that
2266:Der vielförmige Hintzelmann
1567:The household spirit names
1057:
939:Conflation with mine spirit
837:Grimm's alternate etymology
644:etymology as consisting of
188:
10:
16324:
16298:German legendary creatures
12890:Classifications of fairies
12763:Volksmärchen der Deutschen
12598:Peter Nikoll (Black Peter)
11699:Müller, Karl Alexander von
11469:. Greifswald: Julius Abel.
11074:Gostwick, Joseph (1849). "
10749:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
10655:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
10432:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
9962:Europäischer Sprach-Schatz
9910:Zeitschrift für Volkskunde
9649:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
9450:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
9114:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
8138:No. 71 "Kobold", pp. 90–92
7728:Zapf, Ludwig, ed. (1874).
7402:§ Mandrake root dolls
7118:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
7058:Kuhn & Schwartz (1848)
6778:being named as source for
6119:Liddell and Scott (1940).
5505:Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
5064:as a small shack or hutch.
4638:; Gritsch, Hannah (2020).
3969:had such German names as
3839:(2002), discussing German
3526:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
3415:
3000:Offerings and retributions
2744:Invisibility and true form
2594:
2412:
2156:
2108:, which wears a felt hat (
2084:To this group belongs the
2071:Hütchen, Timpehut, Langhut
1970:
1781:
942:
875:
870:
451:) house spirit", in jest.
370:'s Latin/Greek cypher for
354:
25:
18:
16217:
16123:
16042:
15932:
15770:
15690:
15519:
15510:
15440:
15431:
15340:
15308:
15246:
15233:List of story collections
15162:
15118:
15111:
15074:Occult detective fiction
14895:
14867:
14794:
14723:
14656:
14511:
14415:
14299:
14292:
14226:
14077:
13951:
13875:
13828:
13817:
13540:
13294:
13031:
13020:
12989:
12896:
12887:
12821:
12740:
12351:
11829:
11822:German-speaking countries
11817:
11527:. Stettin: H. Dannenberg.
11328:Glasenapp, Carl Friedrich
11265:Berger, Katarina (2001).
10863:The Antiquary Folklorists
10536:(1839), quoted in Grimm,
10534:Danneil, Johann Friedrich
10512:Danneil, Johann Friedrich
9479:Schlacht-Messer in Rücken
9455:Pûks zieht mit dem Gebälk
9335:. Routledge. p. 49.
9325:"59 Karl Müllenhoff 1849"
8857:, pp. 453, 466, 509.
8212:Saintine, Xavier-Boniface
6343:
5397:Cited in Lexer, "kobolt".
4915:) of Erzgebirge/Vogtland.
4679:Etymologisches Wörterbuch
3977:De Re Metallica XII Libri
3214:Other specialized kobolds
2726:told in Swinemünde (now
2613:(meaning "little hat" of
2378:("Potjack")and the Swiss
1949:), also known by variant
1932:on Schäfer et al.'s map.
483:(1690) who discusses the
44:Nymphs, Nixies and Naiads
15498:World Fantasy Convention
12395:Christman Genipperteinga
11691:von der Leyen, Friedrich
11222:(Ph. D.). Westport, CT:
10916:Traditions of Lancashire
10870:. Taylor & Francis.
10312:. Kessinger Publishing.
10151:Chronicon Hirsaugiense,
9299:"Der Mythus von Beóvulf"
9250:, pp. 508–509, 503.
8978:Anthropodemus Plutonicus
8017:—— (2001b).
7658:"Schrätel und Wasserbär"
7640:, p. 1288, note 54)
7487:Gruber, Johann Gottfried
6861:No. 76 "Klopfer", p. 128
6750:Nordoberfränkische Sagen
6236:Lockwood, William Burley
6149:Tordoff, Robert (2023).
5542:. In Bright, Amy (ed.).
5186:bergmenlein/kobel/guttel
4826:Fentsch, Eduard (1865).
4779:Lurker, Manfred (2004).
4354:is used figuratively in
3651:Fantasy novels and anime
3507:, translates the Hebrew
2530:, Feldmann (1704), Ch. 2
2384:meaning "milk vat" (cf.
2344:, etc.) were related to
2177:Hinzelman, Hinzemännchen
1698:Anthropodemus Plutonicus
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
883:he explained as typical
677:Other linguists such as
568:which are dream demons.
527:" as in Steier (1705).
503:It is a relatively late
471:Anthropodemus Plutonicus
426:Nomenclature and origins
399:'power, authority' (cf.
39:The kobold of Hildesheim
26:Not to be confused with
15566:Fire-breathing monsters
13259:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar
12741:Legends and fairy tales
12549:Kunigunde von Orlamünde
12507:Heinrich von Winkelried
11704:Die deutschen Vokssagen
11575:"1. One-Dimensionality"
11443:—— (1888).
11400:"XVII. Wichte und Elbe"
11295:Hoffmann-Krayer, Eduard
11291:Bächtold-Stäubli, Hanns
10267:Bishopric of Hildesheim
9791:Richard III. Henry VIII
9586:Die Pilweisen zu Lauban
8718:"Heinzelmännchen"
8524:@ UPenn digital library
8279:an etliken örden nömet"
8230:—— (1903).
7915:škrat, škrátek, škrítek
6786:legend, more precisely
6381:(1574) cited by Grimms
6122:A Greek–English Lexicon
6087:Altes meistergesangbuch
5774:Trends in Linguistics:
4832:Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich
4707:Hoffmann-Krayer, Eduard
4703:Bächtold-Stäubli, Hanns
4555:Hoffmann-Krayer, Eduard
4551:Bächtold-Stäubli, Hanns
4008:he should have to cite
3972:begmenlein/kobel/guttel
3887:
3404:, as well as the Welsh
3338:, and the Scandinavian
3170:them to his bishopric.
2704:, including now Polish
2121:Hopfenhütel, Eisenhütel
2099:
2090:
1956:škrat, škrátek, škrítek
1766:
1617:Popanz und Vogelscheuch
1602:
949:Cobalt § etymology
605:
580:
556:'s source (Breslauer's
443:
103:
21:Kobold (disambiguation)
15317:Dungeons & Dragons
14731:Christmas gift-bringer
13149:Brown Man of the Muirs
12626:Rüdiger von Bechelaren
12409:Eppelein von Gailingen
11319:Facsimile edition 1965
11242:Fairy Lore: A Handbook
11198:Faust, the Second Part
11154:
11134:Salamander shall glow,
10460:
10452:
10355:
10349:
10343:
9478:
9472:
9277:
9195:
9131:Grimms; Translated by
8983:VIII. von Hausmännern"
8676:
8670:
8664:
7950:. Simon and Schuster.
7914:
7909:Gold bringender Teufel
7908:
7902:
7896:
7890:
7868:
7862:
7860:Grimm points to Czech
7536:
6781:
6706:
6627:
6558:
6522:Britten, Emma Hardinge
6176:Hawhee, Debra (2020).
6019:, p. 501, citing
5974:
5876:. p. 89 and p. 87, n2.
5847:
5311:
4977:Grein, Christian W. M.
4907:
4850:
4599:. Simon and Schuster.
4549:(1987) . "Kobold". In
4383:tibi uxorem.. commendo
4382:
4288:
4273:
4258:
4239:
4217:
4182:
4113:
4029:given by Britten, cf.
3971:
3965:
3956:
3826:as a name for "demon".
3816:
3663:Dungeons & Dragons
3628:Dungeons & Dragons
3579:The kobold characters
3431:
3245:
3239:
3062:
3040:
3034:
3025:
2953:
2929:
2898:
2832:
2807:
2774:
2761:
2736:
2722:
2670:
2653:is cognate to English
2641:
2608:
2555:Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
2549:
2533:
2476:
2441:
2410:
2380:
2374:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2303:
2297:
2221:. Grimm localized the
2193:
2176:
2169:§ Heinzelmännchen
2154:
2120:
2113:
2076:
2070:
2038:
2032:
1990:§ Heinzelmännchen
1955:
1945:
1924:
1918:
1893:
1868:
1862:
1757:
1751:
1712:
1703:
1665:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1616:
1610:as a type of bogey or
1578:
1570:
1551:
1521:
1515:
1034:
849:as derived from Latin
845:gave the etymology of
804:to laugh like a kobold
793:
695:
688:
670:
611:
548:
543:bancstichil, alp, more
542:
536:
523:
476:
455:Kobold as generic term
414:
288:
268:It has been stated by
226:
93:
49:
15383:International Fantasy
13603:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
13114:Blue men of the Minch
12990:Abodes and structures
12798:Venusberg (mythology)
12605:Pied Piper of Hamelin
12451:Götz von Berlichingen
12367:Arnold von Winkelried
11768:Wyl, Karl de (1909).
11543:. London: H. G. Bohn.
11131:
11026:. London: Routledge.
10959:Black, William George
10350:Koch-Jung/ Bube/Knabe
9591:Sagenbuch der Lausitz
8236:La Mythologie du Rhin
8220:La Mythologie du Rhin
7848:Slownjk česko-německý
7370:elsewhere as 'idol' (
6549:
6385:"Kobold" III 3) b) c)
6152:Aristophanes: Cavalry
6065:lachen als ein kobold
5781:. Walter de Gruyter.
5132:Hoover, Herbert Clark
4315:§ Fire phenomena
4087:Thorpe cites Grimm's
4010:Christian August Lobe
3425:
3368:Richard Mercer Dorson
3101:for the Scandinavian
2956:) and a large snake.
2767:
2751:
2539:
2522:
2474:
2399:
2253:mountains, cf. map).
2157:Further information:
2135:
2082:cloak of invisibility
1919:schrägele, schragerln
1782:Further information:
1735:of the gourd family,
1692:
1657:Wild man of the woods
1620:). So in some sense,
1490:based), etc., in the
1063:(Other house spirits)
1048:Emma Hardinge Britten
957:and the house spirit
943:Further information:
833:, as aforementioned.
658:Christian W. M. Grein
462:
366:), but this was also
38:
16187:Supernatural fiction
15264:Fantastic Adventures
14009:Hopkinsville Goblins
12689:Walram of Thierstein
12563:Matthias Klostermayr
12444:Giselher of Burgundy
12437:Genevieve of Brabant
12423:Frederick Barbarossa
11718:Rose, Carol (1996).
11666:Praetorius, Johannes
11651:Praetorius, Johannes
10823:Kessinger Publishing
10815:Baring-Gould, Sabine
10453:Hans mit dem Hütchen
10395:The kobold "pushed (
10302:Bunce, John Thackray
10252:Burchard I of Loccum
9786:Shakespeare, William
9583:ed. (1862) No. 70. "
9552:, pp. 289–290;
9473:Messer in den Rücken
8768:Hilgers, Heribert A.
8646:, pp. 180, 505.
8614:, pp. 110–111;
8598:, pp. 104–106;
8551:, pp. 480, 503.
8467:, pp. 463, 508.
7900:) or "mine spirit" (
7483:Ersch, Johann Samuel
7236:Deutsches Wörterbuch
7182:, pp. 505, 507.
7144:, pp. 420–421;
6758:Hans Schaefer-Osseck
6690:Freiburg im Breisgau
6423:Deutsches Wörterbuch
5954:Simrock, Karl Joseph
5449:is glossed as Latin
5212:Deutsches Wörterbuch
4472:Deutsches Wörterbuch
4204:Der Teufel in Flehde
3983:, annotation volume.
3689:Lois McMaster Bujold
3658:Record of Lodoss War
3622:Magic: The Gathering
3542:'s four spirits. In
3277:that resided at the
3227:§ Water spirits
2677:Rethwisch, Steinburg
2619:§ Apparel names
2515:Physical description
1800:. However, the term
1529:Doll or puppet names
1379:class=notpageimage|
15488:Tolkien's influence
15201:Fantasy Masterworks
15154:Television programs
14962:Fairy tale parodies
13730:Sprite/Water sprite
12904:Celtic sacred trees
12749:Grimms' Fairy Tales
12696:Walter of Aquitaine
12668:The Smith of Kochel
11713:@Projeckt Gutenberg
11420:Deutsche Mythologie
11404:Deutsche Mythologie
11151:Goethe, tr. Hayward
10422:, pp. 141–142.
10235:Lower Saxon dialect
10216:, pp. 100–101.
10178:, pp. 375–378.
10148:Johannes Trithemius
10100:Deutsche Mythologie
10019:, pp. 139–142.
9945:, pp. 244–245.
9933:, pp. 155–156.
9849:Kraśnik Koszaliński
9772:, pp. 256–257.
9423:, pp. 163–167.
8802:Heribert A. Hilgers
8754:The Fairy Mythology
8690:also means 'cover')
8569:"Johann Praetorius"
8329:Etymlog. Wörterbuch
8254:Franco-Prussian War
8196:, pp. 140, 141
8094:, pp. 503–504.
8070:Heribert A. Hilgers
7806:Brückner, Alexander
7681:, pp. 306–307.
7578:, pp. 156–157.
7088:Strackerjan, Ludwig
6752:. Illustrated with
6035:, pp. 501–502.
6006:. Romberg: 559–660.
5482:De officio cherubyn
5376:Diefenbach, Lorenz
5357:Diefenbach, Lorenz
5330:Spiritus familiaris
5325:Stieler, Kaspar von
5245:Lexer, Max (1872)
4962:, pp. 500–501.
4896:, pp. 149–150.
4781:"Fairy of the Mine"
4764:§ Cretin names
4253:430. Die Wolterkens
3610:Dark Age of Camelot
3494:Literary references
2475:Drawing of a Kobold
2247:Oberharz am Brocken
2184:(German version of
1788:The aforementioned
1685:Mandrake root dolls
1635:East Central German
1595:for doll. The term
1591:is close to German
1539:§ Doll or idol
1042:Visitors from mines
754:Konrad von Würzburg
524:Spiritus familiaris
395:'house, chamber' +
255:diminutive pet name
16308:Sprites (folklore)
15710:Damsel in distress
15478:Mythopoeic Society
15079:Paranormal romance
14994:Historical fantasy
14979:Fantasy of manners
14933:Children's fantasy
13059:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe)
12703:Werner Stauffacher
12619:Punker of Rohrbach
12535:Knight of the Swan
11449:Teutonic Mythology
11436:Teutonic Mythology
11248:. pp. 91–92.
10819:A Book of Folklore
10359:unsanitary water".
10166:, pp. 141–142
9980:"Kobold" 1. 1) b).
9556:, pp. 318–319
9226:, pp. 318–319
8826:Weiser-Aall (1933)
8814:Weiser-Aall (1933)
8618:, pp. 244–245
8602:, pp. 240–242
8565:Dünnhaupt, Gerhard
8447:No. 74 also gives
8443:"Felt Cap". Grimm
8309:Weiser-Aall (1933)
8189:Prateorius (1666)
7993:Weiser-Aall (1933)
7976:Weiser-Aall (1933)
7891:skrátek, szkrzítek
7435:Weiser-Aall (1933)
7280:Weiser-Aall (1933)
7148:, pp. 508–509
6419:Hildebrand, Rudolf
6296:, pp. 415–416
6105:Weiser-Aall (1933)
5497:Johansons, Andrejs
5467:Weiser-Aall (1933)
5269:Francisci, Erasmus
5162:Agricola, Georgius
5122:Agricola, Georgius
5095:Agricola, Georgius
5050:"Kobold" III. 2).
4811:, Feldmann (1704).
4468:Hildebrand, Rudolf
4209:Rehm-Flehde-Bargen
3963:(1549), and these
3916:Teutonic Mythology
3847:could derive from
3727:, a kobold variety
3655:The fantasy novel
3432:
3358:predate the Irish
3013:Mecklenburg Castle
2903:1852 from western
2850:Castle Hardenstein
2775:
2762:
2757:Mythologie du Rhin
2659:Schleswig-Holstein
2575:Deutsche Mythlogie
2550:
2545:Mythologie du Rhin
2534:
2477:
2454:Castle Hardenstein
2411:
2270:§ Animal form
2155:
1833:Middle High German
1704:
1463:= "mine spirit".
890:The derivation of
843:Teutonic Mythology
810:(Dumb doll insult)
750:Middle High German
532:Middle High German
477:
439:Middle High German
338:Middle High German
50:
16303:Household deities
16245:
16244:
16119:
16118:
16044:Places and events
15506:
15505:
15336:
15335:
15057:Planetary romance
14968:Fairytale fantasy
14923:Alternate history
14911:Sword and sorcery
14902:Action-adventure
14827:
14826:
14790:
14789:
14786:
14785:
14458:Headless Horseman
13999:Fearsome critters
13813:
13812:
12846:
12845:
12731:Xaver Hohenleiter
12675:Till Eulenspiegel
12542:Konrad Baumgarten
12528:Klaus Störtebeker
12402:Dietrich von Bern
12020:Feuermann (ghost)
11555:Schwartz, Wilhelm
11535:Keightley, Thomas
11367:978-3-88400-111-0
11350:Golther, Wolfgang
11338:. Illustrated by
11332:"III. Der Kobold"
11145:The elements,...
11143:Who did not know
11140:Kobold be moving.
11082:German Literature
11065:, pp. 48–49.
10967:Notes and Queries
10961:(18 March 1893).
10932:Summers, Montague
10888:Hardwick, Charles
10645:, pp. 83–84.
10227:Erasmus Francisci
10176:Praetorius (1666)
9654:XVIII. Irrlichter
9468:Praetorius (1666)
9396:Müllenhoff (1845)
9378:Müllenhoff (1845)
9273:Müllenhoff (1845)
9150:Müllenhoff (1845)
8910:Household Spirits
8828:, pp. 33–34.
8750:"Heinzelmännchen"
8746:Keightley, Thomas
8512:. Illustrated by
8359:Praetorius (1666)
8325:Praetorius (1668)
8321:Praetorius (1666)
8311:, pp. 32–33.
8222:. Illustrated by
8120:Praetorius (1666)
7940:Lecouteux, Claude
6962:, pp. 48–49.
6933:Müllenhoff (1845)
6728:§56. Schretzelein
6586:: 1233–1236-->
6379:Kiliaan, Cornelis
6318:kabouter-manneken
6309:Kiliaan, Cornelis
6107:, pp. 31–32.
5676:978-3-95770-329-3
5619:European Paganism
5611:; reprinted in:
5597:European Paganism
5457:, cited by Grimm.
5300:, Cap. VI, p. 77.
4990:"Kobold" III. 2).
4585:Lecouteux, Claude
4547:Weiser-Aall, Lily
4508:"Heinzelmännchen"
3966:daemon metallicus
3930:Liddell and Scott
3918:glossed the word
3914:Although Grimm's
3835:Yiddish linguist
3781:Stith-Thompson's
3758:Erasmus Francisci
3744:Explanatory notes
3616:World of Warcraft
3362:and the Scottish
3279:Fremlin's Brewery
3240:Klabåtersmanneken
3115:Good-evil duality
2954:schwartzen Marder
2854:Hudemühlen Castle
2840:Goldemar's traces
2737:aufgekrämpten Hut
2706:Farther Pomerania
2407:(1926 or earlier)
2338:(regionally also
2262:Hudemühlen Castle
2138:Hudemühlen Castle
2055:Panurgia lamiarum
1874:Fichtel Mountains
1810:Fichtel Mountains
1663:as synonymous to
1564:or other people.
772:(Stringed puppet)
481:Erasmus Francisci
344:The etymology of
247:Hudemühlen Castle
16315:
16268:Tutelary deities
16235:
16234:
16225:
16224:
16101:Enchanted forest
15745:Occult detective
15517:
15516:
15473:Lovecraft fandom
15438:
15437:
15142:highest-grossing
15116:
15115:
15103:Western fantasy
14854:
14847:
14840:
14831:
14830:
14817:
14816:
14807:
14806:
14800:
14503:Tuatha Dé Danann
14473:Jimmy Squarefoot
14297:
14296:
14024:Little green men
13819:
13818:
13785:Will-o'-the-wisp
13553:Margot the fairy
13502:Lady of the Lake
13452:Jenny Greenteeth
13447:Jack o' the bowl
13279:Queen of Elphame
13026:Attested fairies
13022:
13021:
12897:Related articles
12873:
12866:
12859:
12850:
12849:
12839:
12832:
12814:
12807:
12800:
12793:
12786:
12779:
12772:
12765:
12758:
12751:
12733:
12726:
12719:
12712:
12705:
12698:
12691:
12684:
12682:Volker von Alzey
12677:
12670:
12663:
12656:
12649:
12642:
12635:
12628:
12621:
12614:
12607:
12600:
12593:
12586:
12584:Otto the Younger
12579:
12572:
12565:
12558:
12551:
12544:
12537:
12530:
12523:
12516:
12509:
12502:
12495:
12488:
12481:
12474:
12467:
12460:
12453:
12446:
12439:
12432:
12425:
12418:
12411:
12404:
12397:
12390:
12383:
12381:Baron Munchausen
12376:
12369:
12362:
12360:Albrecht Gessler
12344:
12337:
12330:
12328:Will-o'-the-wisp
12323:
12316:
12309:
12302:
12295:
12288:
12281:
12274:
12267:
12260:
12253:
12246:
12239:
12232:
12225:
12218:
12211:
12209:Nixie (folklore)
12204:
12197:
12190:
12183:
12176:
12169:
12162:
12155:
12148:
12141:
12134:
12127:
12120:
12113:
12106:
12099:
12092:
12090:Jack o' the bowl
12085:
12078:
12071:
12064:
12057:
12050:
12043:
12036:
12029:
12022:
12015:
12008:
12001:
11994:
11987:
11980:
11973:
11966:
11959:
11957:Dwarf (folklore)
11952:
11945:
11943:Drak (mythology)
11938:
11931:
11924:
11917:
11910:
11903:
11896:
11889:
11882:
11875:
11868:
11861:
11854:
11847:
11840:
11804:
11797:
11790:
11781:
11780:
11775:
11762:
11753:Thorpe, Benjamin
11746:
11708:
11695:Ranke, Friedrich
11687:Ranke, Friedrich
11675:
11661:
11634:
11621:Müllenhoff, Karl
11614:
11596:
11581:. Translated by
11564:
11544:
11528:
11512:
11484:
11480:Pommersche Sagen
11470:
11452:
11439:
11423:
11407:
11389:
11382:"71. Der Kobold"
11371:
11343:
11316:
11302:
11284:
11259:
11244:. Westport, CT:
11227:
11203:
11202:
11185:
11179:
11178:
11173:. Translated by
11161:
11155:
11152:
11129:
11123:
11108:
11102:
11091:
11085:
11079:
11072:
11066:
11060:
11054:
11048:
11035:
11020:
11007:
11000:
10985:
10982:
10971:
10970:
10955:
10949:
10942:Taillepied, Noël
10939:
10929:
10923:
10909:
10903:
10885:
10879:
10865:
10858:
10852:
10849:
10843:
10840:
10834:
10812:
10806:
10802:The Moore Rental
10793:
10787:
10776:
10770:
10764:
10758:
10756:
10746:
10740:
10737:Keightley (1850)
10734:
10728:
10725:Keightley (1850)
10722:
10716:
10713:Keightley (1850)
10706:
10700:
10698:
10688:
10682:
10676:
10670:
10664:
10658:
10652:
10646:
10640:
10634:
10628:
10622:
10619:
10613:
10607:
10601:
10598:Keightley (1850)
10595:
10589:
10586:
10580:
10574:
10568:
10565:Keightley (1850)
10562:
10553:
10547:
10541:
10531:
10525:
10519:
10509:
10503:
10500:
10491:
10488:Francisci (1690)
10485:
10479:
10472:
10466:
10463:
10461:Hans met Häutken
10455:
10447:
10441:
10439:
10429:
10423:
10417:
10406:
10393:
10387:
10384:Francisci (1690)
10381:
10375:
10369:
10360:
10358:
10356:unsaubrem Wasser
10352:
10346:
10339:
10333:
10330:Francisci (1690)
10327:
10321:
10310:
10299:
10286:
10280:
10274:
10260:
10244:
10238:
10223:
10217:
10208:Also in Grimm's
10206:
10200:
10194:
10188:
10185:
10179:
10173:
10167:
10160:
10154:
10145:
10139:
10138:
10129:Schelwig, Samuel
10125:
10119:
10117:
10104:
10094:
10088:
10087:
10074:
10068:
10059:A variant about
10057:
10051:
10050:
10035:
10029:
10026:
10020:
10014:
10008:
10002:
9993:
9987:
9981:
9974:
9968:
9959:
9952:
9946:
9943:Keightley (1850)
9940:
9934:
9928:
9922:
9921:
9898:
9892:
9886:
9880:
9874:
9868:
9858:
9852:
9841:
9835:
9829:
9823:
9817:
9811:
9802:
9796:
9795:
9782:
9773:
9770:Keightley (1850)
9767:
9761:
9758:Keightley (1850)
9755:
9742:
9739:
9733:
9731:
9721:
9708:
9707:
9675:
9669:
9663:
9657:
9656:
9646:
9640:
9622:
9616:
9614:
9604:
9598:
9588:
9578:
9572:
9566:
9557:
9547:
9541:
9534:
9528:
9505:
9499:
9496:Keightley (1850)
9493:
9487:
9481:
9475:
9465:
9459:
9457:
9447:
9441:
9435:
9424:
9418:
9412:
9411:, pp. 48–49
9405:
9399:
9393:
9387:
9385:
9375:
9366:
9353:
9347:
9346:
9321:Müllenhoff, Karl
9317:
9311:
9310:
9295:Müllenhoff, Karl
9291:
9285:
9283:
9270:
9264:
9257:
9251:
9245:
9239:
9233:
9227:
9217:
9211:
9205:
9199:
9184:
9175:
9165:
9159:
9157:
9147:
9141:
9140:
9129:
9123:
9122:, pp. 14–15, 467
9121:
9111:
9105:
9099:
9090:
9080:
9071:
9070:
9055:
9046:
9045:
9034:
9028:
9022:
9016:
9010:
8999:
8993:
8987:
8985:
8963:
8948:
8945:
8939:
8936:
8923:
8920:
8914:
8912:
8902:
8885:
8882:
8873:
8867:
8858:
8852:
8846:
8845:
8835:
8829:
8823:
8817:
8811:
8805:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8764:
8758:
8757:
8742:
8736:
8735:
8729:
8720:
8709:
8703:
8697:
8691:
8679:
8673:
8667:
8662:, p. 505: "
8653:
8647:
8641:
8635:
8625:
8619:
8616:Keightley (1850)
8609:
8603:
8600:Keightley (1850)
8593:
8587:
8586:
8561:
8552:
8546:
8540:
8534:
8525:
8523:
8517:
8498:
8492:
8486:
8480:
8477:Keightley (1850)
8474:
8468:
8462:
8456:
8416:
8405:
8399:
8393:
8383:
8374:
8368:
8362:
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8336:
8318:
8312:
8306:
8300:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8263:
8257:
8250:
8244:
8243:
8227:
8208:
8197:
8187:
8181:
8174:
8168:
8161:
8155:
8148:
8139:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8101:
8095:
8089:
8080:
8078:
8067:
8047:
8041:
8040:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7979:
7978:, pp. 32–33
7968:
7962:
7961:
7936:
7923:
7917:
7911:
7905:
7899:
7894:as "hag, baba" (
7893:
7871:
7865:
7858:
7852:
7851:
7836:
7830:
7824:
7818:
7817:
7802:
7793:
7787:
7775:
7769:
7763:höfische Chronik
7761:is sourced from
7755:
7749:
7742:
7736:
7735:
7725:
7719:
7713:
7700:
7694:
7688:
7682:
7676:
7670:
7669:
7662:Modern Philology
7656:(October 1919).
7650:
7641:
7635:
7629:
7628:
7608:
7602:
7596:
7585:
7579:
7573:
7560:
7553:
7547:
7529:
7523:
7505:
7499:
7498:
7491:"Glücksmännchen"
7479:
7468:
7458:
7451:
7438:
7432:
7405:
7395:
7390:, pp. 38, 173 （"
7357:
7351:
7341:
7319:
7313:
7303:
7289:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7261:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7238:, Band 2, s.v. "
7232:
7226:
7221:
7211:
7205:
7203:
7192:
7183:
7177:
7171:
7169:
7155:
7149:
7139:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7115:
7109:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7084:
7075:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7063:Spuk am Thürberg
7055:
7049:
7043:
7032:
7026:
7020:
7017:
7011:
7009:
6993:
6987:
6981:
6972:
6969:
6963:
6957:
6951:
6948:
6942:
6940:
6930:
6917:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6890:
6879:
6868:
6862:
6852:
6843:
6840:
6834:
6829:Place-marked at
6827:
6821:
6811:
6800:
6797:
6791:
6784:
6776:höfische Chronik
6770:Place-marked at
6768:
6762:
6761:
6741:
6732:
6730:
6721:
6712:
6709:
6702:
6682:
6676:
6670:
6659:
6658:
6643:Künzig, Johannes
6639:
6633:
6630:
6620:Place-marked at
6618:
6612:
6611:
6596:
6587:
6577:
6572:Burren (1931). "
6570:
6559:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6518:
6507:
6497:
6491:
6490:) in the margin.
6480:
6474:
6473:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6425:, Band 5, s.v. "
6412:
6406:
6392:
6386:
6375:
6369:
6366:
6360:
6357:Glasenapp (1911)
6354:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6327:
6321:
6320:
6306:
6297:
6287:
6281:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6173:
6167:
6166:
6146:
6140:
6130:
6117:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6078:
6072:
6054:
6048:
6045:Keightley (1850)
6042:
6036:
6030:
6024:
6014:
6008:
6007:
5988:
5979:
5977:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5950:
5941:
5931:
5925:
5923:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5890:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5862:Kretschmer, Paul
5858:
5852:
5850:
5844:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5806:, eds. (2012) .
5800:Kluge, Friedrich
5796:
5790:
5779:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5744:
5735:
5734:
5728:
5721:"Aryan Religion"
5713:
5707:
5704:
5698:
5695:Glasenapp (1911)
5692:
5681:
5680:
5658:
5643:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5610:
5589:
5576:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5531:
5522:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5445:Old High German
5443:
5437:
5431:
5422:
5421:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5373:
5367:
5354:
5347:
5341:
5332:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5265:
5256:
5254:
5243:
5234:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5214:, Band 5, s.v. "
5208:
5202:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5177:
5158:
5147:
5145:
5139:
5136:Lou Henry Hoover
5130:. Translated by
5118:
5105:
5104:
5091:
5082:
5076:
5065:
5059:
5045:
5038:
5029:
5028:
5018:
5012:
4997:
4991:
4974:
4963:
4957:
4948:
4943:
4933:
4916:
4910:
4905:Slippers to the
4903:
4897:
4891:
4882:
4876:
4865:
4864:
4853:
4848:Clothing to the
4846:
4840:
4839:
4823:
4812:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4776:
4767:
4752:Upper Palatinate
4748:
4742:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4695:
4686:
4675:Thomas Keightley
4671:
4662:
4661:
4632:Schäfer, Florian
4628:
4611:
4610:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4543:
4526:
4525:
4506:, eds. (2012) .
4500:Kluge, Friedrich
4496:
4481:
4479:
4474:, Band 5, s.v. "
4461:
4446:
4445:
4420:
4396:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4360:will-o'-the-wisp
4353:
4341:
4335:
4324:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4248:
4242:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4207:is localized in
4206:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4165:
4159:
4152:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4126:
4120:
4102:
4096:
4085:
4079:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4052:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4023:
4017:
3990:
3984:
3974:
3968:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3912:
3906:
3890:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3808:
3802:
3792:
3786:
3779:
3770:
3767:
3761:
3754:
3697:Lou Henry Hoover
3574:Siegfried Wagner
3352:Thomas Keightley
3346:and the Cornish
3249:) which haunted
3248:
3242:
3140:. A legend from
3065:
3043:
3037:
3028:
2932:
2901:
2835:
2823:
2810:
2772:
2759:
2739:
2725:
2673:
2644:
2642:Niß Puk, Nisspuk
2626:Wolfgang Golther
2611:
2547:
2531:
2461:§ Parallels
2444:
2408:
2405:Herrfurth, Oskar
2400:Heinzelmännchen
2383:
2377:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2320:to be a form of
2319:
2306:
2300:
2196:
2179:
2152:
2123:
2093:
2079:
2074:, etc. and even
2073:
2052:
2041:
2035:
1958:
1948:
1927:
1921:
1907:
1896:
1871:
1865:
1806:Upper Palatinate
1769:
1760:
1754:
1715:
1701:
1668:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1619:
1605:
1581:
1573:
1554:
1524:
1518:
1502:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1395:Güttel, Poppele.
1394:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1265:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1195:
1194:
1181:
1180:
1167:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1139:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1037:
989:
933:Cornelis Kiliaan
925:kaboutermanneken
878:
877:
872:
841:Joseph Grimm in
748:in 13th century
698:
691:
673:
666:
654:household spirit
614:
608:
581:hûsing, herdgota
551:
545:
539:
526:
474:
446:
432:household spirit
417:
401:cobalt#etymology
386:
365:
357:
356:
336:in 13th century
291:
229:
96:
70:household spirit
47:
16323:
16322:
16318:
16317:
16316:
16314:
16313:
16312:
16248:
16247:
16246:
16241:
16213:
16182:Science fiction
16115:
16038:
15928:
15835:Magical weapons
15766:
15730:Fairy godmother
15686:
15630:Talking animals
15502:
15427:
15353:British Fantasy
15332:
15304:
15285:Science Fantasy
15242:
15158:
15107:
15046:Science fantasy
14891:
14863:
14861:Fantasy fiction
14858:
14828:
14823:
14798:
14782:
14719:
14652:
14594:Enchanted Moura
14507:
14411:
14288:
14284:Yara-ma-yha-who
14222:
14073:
13947:
13871:
13824:
13809:
13573:Mooinjer veggey
13536:
13442:Jack-o'-lantern
13407:Heinzelmännchen
13290:
13027:
13016:
12985:
12961:Household deity
12919:Fairy godmother
12892:
12883:
12877:
12847:
12842:
12835:
12830:German folklore
12828:
12817:
12812:Walpurgis Night
12810:
12803:
12796:
12789:
12782:
12775:
12768:
12761:
12754:
12747:
12736:
12729:
12722:
12715:
12708:
12701:
12694:
12687:
12680:
12673:
12666:
12659:
12652:
12645:
12638:
12631:
12624:
12617:
12610:
12603:
12596:
12589:
12582:
12575:
12568:
12561:
12554:
12547:
12540:
12533:
12526:
12519:
12512:
12505:
12500:Hans von Trotha
12498:
12491:
12484:
12477:
12470:
12463:
12456:
12449:
12442:
12435:
12428:
12421:
12414:
12407:
12400:
12393:
12386:
12379:
12372:
12365:
12358:
12347:
12340:
12333:
12326:
12319:
12312:
12305:
12298:
12291:
12284:
12277:
12270:
12263:
12256:
12249:
12242:
12235:
12228:
12221:
12214:
12207:
12200:
12193:
12186:
12179:
12172:
12167:Mare (folklore)
12165:
12158:
12151:
12144:
12137:
12130:
12125:Knecht Ruprecht
12123:
12116:
12109:
12102:
12095:
12088:
12081:
12074:
12067:
12060:
12055:Heinzelmännchen
12053:
12046:
12039:
12032:
12025:
12018:
12011:
12004:
11997:
11990:
11983:
11976:
11969:
11962:
11955:
11948:
11941:
11934:
11927:
11920:
11913:
11908:Buschgroßmutter
11906:
11899:
11892:
11885:
11878:
11871:
11864:
11857:
11850:
11843:
11836:
11825:
11813:
11811:German folklore
11808:
11778:
11676:Alternate url:
11593:
11509:
11491:Heinrich, Heine
11368:
11297:, eds. (1936).
11289:
11281:
11256:
11246:Greenwood Press
11234:Ashliman, D. L.
11206:
11186:
11182:
11175:Abraham Hayward
11162:
11158:
11153:
11150:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11141:
11139:
11137:
11135:
11130:
11126:
11109:
11105:
11092:
11088:
11075:
11073:
11069:
11061:
11057:
11049:
11038:
11021:
11010:
11001:
10988:
10983:
10974:
10956:
10952:
10937:p. 216, note 4.
10935:
10930:
10926:
10910:
10906:
10886:
10882:
10861:
10859:
10855:
10850:
10846:
10841:
10837:
10813:
10809:
10794:
10790:
10777:
10773:
10765:
10761:
10752:
10747:
10743:
10735:
10731:
10723:
10719:
10707:
10703:
10694:
10691:Ashliman (2006)
10689:
10685:
10679:Ashliman (2006)
10677:
10673:
10665:
10661:
10657:No. 220, p. 423
10653:
10649:
10641:
10637:
10631:Saintine (1862)
10629:
10625:
10620:
10616:
10608:
10604:
10596:
10592:
10587:
10583:
10575:
10571:
10563:
10556:
10548:
10544:
10532:
10528:
10515:
10510:
10506:
10501:
10494:
10486:
10482:
10473:
10469:
10448:
10444:
10435:
10430:
10426:
10418:
10409:
10394:
10390:
10382:
10378:
10370:
10363:
10353:throwing just "
10340:
10336:
10328:
10324:
10306:
10300:
10289:
10281:
10277:
10254:
10245:
10241:
10224:
10220:
10207:
10203:
10195:
10191:
10186:
10182:
10174:
10170:
10161:
10157:
10146:
10142:
10126:
10122:
10110:
10097:
10095:
10091:
10075:
10071:
10063:, localized in
10058:
10054:
10036:
10032:
10027:
10023:
10015:
10011:
10003:
9996:
9988:
9984:
9975:
9971:
9955:
9953:
9949:
9941:
9937:
9929:
9925:
9899:
9895:
9887:
9883:
9875:
9871:
9859:
9855:
9842:
9838:
9830:
9826:
9818:
9814:
9803:
9799:
9783:
9776:
9768:
9764:
9756:
9745:
9740:
9736:
9727:
9724:Ashliman (2006)
9722:
9711:
9696:10.2307/2935696
9676:
9672:
9664:
9660:
9652:
9647:
9643:
9623:
9619:
9610:
9605:
9601:
9584:
9579:
9575:
9567:
9560:
9554:Saintine (1903)
9550:Saintine (1903)
9548:
9544:
9535:
9531:
9506:
9502:
9494:
9490:
9466:
9462:
9453:
9448:
9444:
9436:
9427:
9419:
9415:
9406:
9402:
9394:
9390:
9381:
9376:
9369:
9354:
9350:
9343:
9318:
9314:
9292:
9288:
9271:
9267:
9258:
9254:
9246:
9242:
9234:
9230:
9224:Saintine (1903)
9222:, p. 290;
9220:Saintine (1862)
9218:
9214:
9206:
9202:
9186:Cf. Praetorius
9185:
9178:
9171:Rumpelstiltskin
9166:
9162:
9155:Hans Donnerstag
9153:
9148:
9144:
9136:
9130:
9126:
9117:
9112:
9108:
9100:
9093:
9085:, p. 420;
9081:
9074:
9059:Leskien, August
9056:
9049:
9036:
9035:
9031:
9025:Saintine (1862)
9023:
9019:
9011:
9002:
8996:Saintine (1862)
8994:
8990:
8981:
8964:
8951:
8946:
8942:
8937:
8926:
8921:
8917:
8908:
8905:Ashliman (2006)
8903:
8888:
8883:
8876:
8868:
8861:
8853:
8849:
8841:
8836:
8832:
8824:
8820:
8812:
8808:
8799:
8795:
8788:
8772:Schäfke, Werner
8765:
8761:
8743:
8739:
8710:
8706:
8698:
8694:
8654:
8650:
8642:
8638:
8632:Saintine (1903)
8630:, p. 287;
8628:Saintine (1862)
8626:
8622:
8610:
8606:
8594:
8590:
8583:
8562:
8555:
8547:
8543:
8535:
8528:
8519:
8499:
8495:
8487:
8483:
8475:
8471:
8463:
8459:
8417:
8408:
8400:
8396:
8384:
8377:
8369:
8365:
8357:
8353:
8345:
8341:
8334:Heinzelmannchen
8332:
8323:, p. 360;
8319:
8315:
8307:
8303:
8294:
8290:
8264:
8260:
8251:
8247:
8209:
8200:
8188:
8184:
8175:
8171:
8162:
8158:
8149:
8142:
8130:
8126:
8118:
8114:
8106:, p. 417;
8102:
8098:
8090:
8083:
8072:
8061:
8048:
8044:
8037:
8023:Schäfke, Werner
8015:
8011:
8005:Hilgers (2001a)
8003:
7999:
7991:
7982:
7969:
7965:
7958:
7937:
7926:
7859:
7855:
7840:Jungmann, Josef
7837:
7833:
7825:
7821:
7803:
7796:
7781:
7776:
7772:
7756:
7752:
7743:
7739:
7726:
7722:
7703:
7701:
7697:
7693:, p. 1286.
7689:
7685:
7677:
7673:
7651:
7644:
7636:
7632:
7625:
7609:
7605:
7588:
7586:
7582:
7574:
7563:
7554:
7550:
7530:
7526:
7518:: 148, note to
7506:
7502:
7489:, eds. (1860).
7480:
7471:
7467:: 312–324-->
7454:
7452:
7441:
7433:
7408:
7391:
7358:
7354:
7337:
7330:(1855) edition
7326:, Str. 590, in
7320:
7316:
7296:
7290:
7286:
7278:
7274:
7257:
7252:
7248:
7239:
7233:
7229:
7217:
7212:
7208:
7199:
7193:
7186:
7178:
7174:
7163:
7156:
7152:
7140:
7136:
7128:
7124:
7116:
7112:
7107:
7103:
7085:
7078:
7073:
7069:
7061:
7056:
7052:
7044:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7018:
7014:
7003:
6994:
6990:
6982:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6958:
6954:
6949:
6945:
6936:
6931:
6920:
6915:
6911:
6894:Kantzow, Thomas
6891:
6882:
6869:
6865:
6853:
6846:
6841:
6837:
6828:
6824:
6812:
6803:
6798:
6794:
6774:, Bavaria, the
6769:
6765:
6742:
6735:
6726:
6722:
6715:
6696:
6694:Johannes Künzig
6683:
6679:
6671:
6662:
6651:Badische Heimat
6640:
6636:
6619:
6615:
6597:
6590:
6573:
6571:
6562:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6544:
6539:
6535:
6519:
6510:
6498:
6494:
6481:
6477:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6439:
6435:
6426:
6413:
6409:
6393:
6389:
6376:
6372:
6367:
6363:
6355:
6351:
6335:Cornelis Kilian
6328:
6324:
6316:
6307:
6300:
6292:, p. 500;
6288:
6284:
6263:
6259:
6252:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6204:Horton, Michael
6201:
6197:
6190:
6174:
6170:
6163:
6147:
6143:
6126:
6118:
6111:
6103:
6099:
6079:
6075:
6055:
6051:
6043:
6039:
6031:
6027:
6015:
6011:
5989:
5982:
5971:
5967:
5951:
5944:
5932:
5928:
5919:
5914:
5910:
5902:
5893:
5885:
5881:
5859:
5855:
5838:
5834:Namely through
5833:
5829:
5822:
5797:
5793:
5775:
5768:
5764:
5745:
5738:
5730:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5693:
5684:
5677:
5659:
5646:
5641:
5637:
5630:
5607:
5590:
5579:
5574:
5570:
5565:
5561:
5554:
5532:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5494:
5490:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5465:
5461:
5444:
5440:
5432:
5425:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5392:
5383:
5374:
5370:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5328:
5323:
5319:
5308:
5304:
5298:Feldmann (1704)
5296:
5292:
5287:
5283:
5266:
5259:
5250:
5244:
5237:
5228:
5224:
5215:
5209:
5205:
5196:
5192:
5182:: bergterufel;
5175:
5159:
5150:
5141:
5119:
5108:
5092:
5085:
5077:
5068:
5055:
5041:
5039:
5032:
5019:
5015:
4998:
4994:
4975:
4966:
4958:
4951:
4939:
4934:
4919:
4904:
4900:
4892:
4885:
4877:
4868:
4858:
4847:
4843:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4777:
4770:
4749:
4745:
4741:, p. 1288.
4737:
4730:
4723:
4696:
4689:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4629:
4614:
4607:
4589:"BERGMÄNNCHEN (
4582:
4578:
4571:
4544:
4529:
4522:
4497:
4484:
4475:
4462:
4449:
4442:
4424:Evans, M. A. B.
4421:
4414:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4325:
4321:
4312:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4285:
4281:
4270:
4266:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4233:
4229:
4202:
4194:
4190:
4179:
4175:
4171:god of thunder.
4166:
4162:
4153:
4149:
4140:
4136:
4127:
4123:
4106:Heinzelmännchen
4104:In the south, "
4103:
4099:
4086:
4082:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4024:
4020:
3991:
3987:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3913:
3909:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3834:
3830:
3809:
3805:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3711:
3702:De re metallica
3699:translation of
3684:The Spirit Ring
3653:
3641:games (notably
3638:Might and Magic
3593:
3560:
3496:
3491:
3420:
3414:
3350:. Irish writer
3334:, the Scottish
3295:
3216:
3188:
3134:
3117:
3002:
2997:
2917:
2865:
2842:
2817:
2795:
2773:
2770:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2665:Karl Müllenhoff
2597:
2548:
2542:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2469:
2467:Characteristics
2433:
2417:
2415:Heinzelmännchen
2409:
2402:
2394:
2392:Heinzelmännchen
2370:
2285:
2187:Reynard the Fox
2161:
2153:
2142:
2130:
2066:
2046:
1994:Heinzelmännchen
1982:Heinzelmännchen
1975:
1969:
1930:Lower Franconia
1901:
1854:Upper Franconia
1786:
1780:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1560:, etc. to mock
1531:
1496:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1447:
1446:Heinzelmänchen
1439:
1431:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:Woltken・Chimken
1266:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1060:
1044:
1018:Paul Kretschmer
983:
951:
941:
885:German language
839:
735:
716:Old High German
683:Old High German
660:
638:
621:
577:Old High German
501:
499:Glossed sources
475:
468:
457:
428:
380:
195:§ Subtypes
191:
154:Upper Franconia
137:A house sprite
74:German folklore
48:
41:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
16321:
16311:
16310:
16305:
16300:
16295:
16293:Mining spirits
16290:
16285:
16280:
16275:
16270:
16265:
16260:
16243:
16242:
16240:
16239:
16229:
16218:
16215:
16214:
16212:
16211:
16206:
16205:
16204:
16194:
16189:
16184:
16179:
16174:
16169:
16164:
16162:Horror fiction
16159:
16157:Gothic fiction
16154:
16148:
16143:
16138:
16133:
16127:
16125:
16121:
16120:
16117:
16116:
16114:
16113:
16108:
16106:Thieves' guild
16103:
16098:
16093:
16092:
16091:
16081:
16076:
16071:
16066:
16065:
16064:
16054:
16048:
16046:
16040:
16039:
16037:
16036:
16031:
16026:
16021:
16016:
16015:
16014:
16009:
15999:
15994:
15989:
15984:
15979:
15974:
15969:
15964:
15959:
15954:
15949:
15944:
15938:
15936:
15930:
15929:
15927:
15926:
15925:
15924:
15919:
15914:
15909:
15904:
15899:
15894:
15889:
15884:
15879:
15874:
15869:
15864:
15856:
15855:
15854:
15849:
15844:
15843:
15842:
15832:
15827:
15817:
15816:
15815:
15810:
15805:
15800:
15787:
15776:
15774:
15768:
15767:
15765:
15764:
15759:
15754:
15753:
15752:
15742:
15737:
15732:
15727:
15722:
15717:
15712:
15707:
15702:
15696:
15694:
15688:
15687:
15685:
15684:
15679:
15674:
15673:
15672:
15667:
15662:
15657:
15652:
15647:
15642:
15632:
15627:
15622:
15617:
15616:
15615:
15610:
15600:
15595:
15590:
15585:
15580:
15579:
15578:
15573:
15563:
15558:
15553:
15548:
15547:
15546:
15541:
15531:
15525:
15523:
15514:
15508:
15507:
15504:
15503:
15501:
15500:
15495:
15490:
15485:
15483:Tolkien fandom
15480:
15475:
15470:
15465:
15457:
15452:
15447:
15441:
15435:
15429:
15428:
15426:
15425:
15420:
15415:
15410:
15405:
15400:
15395:
15390:
15385:
15380:
15375:
15370:
15365:
15360:
15355:
15350:
15344:
15342:
15338:
15337:
15334:
15333:
15331:
15330:
15325:
15320:
15312:
15310:
15306:
15305:
15303:
15302:
15295:
15288:
15281:
15274:
15267:
15260:
15252:
15250:
15244:
15243:
15241:
15240:
15235:
15230:
15229:
15228:
15223:
15218:
15211:List of novels
15208:
15203:
15198:
15191:
15190:
15189:
15179:
15174:
15168:
15166:
15160:
15159:
15157:
15156:
15151:
15150:
15149:
15144:
15134:
15128:
15126:
15113:
15109:
15108:
15106:
15105:
15100:
15099:
15098:
15093:
15083:
15082:
15081:
15076:
15066:
15061:
15060:
15059:
15054:
15043:
15038:
15033:
15028:
15027:
15026:
15016:
15011:
15006:
15001:
14996:
14991:
14986:
14981:
14976:
14971:
14965:
14959:
14958:
14957:
14947:
14946:
14945:
14935:
14930:
14925:
14920:
14919:
14918:
14913:
14908:
14899:
14897:
14893:
14892:
14890:
14889:
14884:
14879:
14874:
14868:
14865:
14864:
14857:
14856:
14849:
14842:
14834:
14825:
14824:
14822:
14821:
14811:
14801:
14795:
14792:
14791:
14788:
14787:
14784:
14783:
14781:
14780:
14775:
14770:
14765:
14760:
14755:
14750:
14745:
14744:
14743:
14738:
14727:
14725:
14724:Cross-regional
14721:
14720:
14718:
14717:
14708:
14703:
14698:
14693:
14688:
14687:
14686:
14681:
14671:
14666:
14664:Dames blanches
14660:
14658:
14654:
14653:
14651:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14610:
14609:
14608:
14598:
14597:
14596:
14586:
14581:
14576:
14571:
14569:Kallikantzaros
14566:
14561:
14556:
14551:
14546:
14544:Doñas de fuera
14541:
14536:
14531:
14526:
14521:
14515:
14513:
14509:
14508:
14506:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14435:
14430:
14425:
14419:
14417:
14413:
14412:
14410:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14384:
14379:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14314:
14309:
14303:
14301:
14294:
14290:
14289:
14287:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14230:
14228:
14224:
14223:
14221:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14201:
14196:
14195:
14194:
14184:
14179:
14174:
14172:Mrenh kongveal
14169:
14164:
14159:
14154:
14149:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14133:
14132:
14127:
14122:
14117:
14112:
14107:
14097:
14092:
14087:
14081:
14079:
14075:
14074:
14072:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13955:
13953:
13949:
13948:
13946:
13945:
13940:
13935:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13915:
13910:
13905:
13900:
13895:
13890:
13885:
13879:
13877:
13873:
13872:
13870:
13869:
13868:
13867:
13862:
13852:
13847:
13838:
13832:
13830:
13826:
13825:
13815:
13814:
13811:
13810:
13808:
13807:
13805:Yan-gant-y-tan
13802:
13797:
13792:
13787:
13782:
13777:
13772:
13767:
13762:
13757:
13752:
13747:
13742:
13737:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13687:
13686:
13685:
13680:
13675:
13670:
13665:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13640:
13635:
13630:
13625:
13620:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13600:
13598:Nelly Longarms
13595:
13590:
13585:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13550:
13544:
13542:
13538:
13537:
13535:
13534:
13529:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13459:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13409:
13404:
13402:The Hedley Kow
13399:
13394:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13374:
13372:Gwragedd Annwn
13369:
13364:
13359:
13354:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13298:
13296:
13292:
13291:
13289:
13288:
13287:
13286:
13281:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13231:
13226:
13221:
13216:
13211:
13206:
13201:
13196:
13191:
13186:
13181:
13176:
13171:
13166:
13161:
13156:
13151:
13146:
13141:
13136:
13131:
13126:
13121:
13116:
13111:
13106:
13101:
13096:
13091:
13086:
13081:
13076:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13046:
13041:
13035:
13033:
13029:
13028:
13018:
13017:
13015:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12993:
12991:
12987:
12986:
12984:
12983:
12978:
12976:Tutelary deity
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12953:
12948:
12947:
12946:
12936:
12931:
12929:Fairy painting
12926:
12921:
12916:
12911:
12906:
12900:
12898:
12894:
12893:
12888:
12885:
12884:
12876:
12875:
12868:
12861:
12853:
12844:
12843:
12841:
12840:
12837:Swiss folklore
12833:
12825:
12823:
12819:
12818:
12816:
12815:
12808:
12801:
12794:
12787:
12780:
12777:Nibelungenlied
12773:
12770:Gespensterbuch
12766:
12759:
12756:Deutsche Sagen
12752:
12744:
12742:
12738:
12737:
12735:
12734:
12727:
12720:
12713:
12706:
12699:
12692:
12685:
12678:
12671:
12664:
12657:
12650:
12643:
12640:Schinderhannes
12636:
12629:
12622:
12615:
12608:
12601:
12594:
12587:
12580:
12573:
12566:
12559:
12552:
12545:
12538:
12531:
12524:
12517:
12510:
12503:
12496:
12493:Hans von Sagan
12489:
12482:
12479:Hagen (legend)
12475:
12468:
12461:
12454:
12447:
12440:
12433:
12426:
12419:
12412:
12405:
12398:
12391:
12384:
12377:
12370:
12363:
12355:
12353:
12349:
12348:
12346:
12345:
12338:
12331:
12324:
12317:
12310:
12303:
12296:
12289:
12282:
12275:
12268:
12261:
12254:
12247:
12240:
12233:
12226:
12219:
12216:Ork (folklore)
12212:
12205:
12198:
12191:
12184:
12177:
12174:Mephistopheles
12170:
12163:
12156:
12149:
12142:
12135:
12128:
12121:
12114:
12107:
12100:
12093:
12086:
12079:
12072:
12065:
12058:
12051:
12044:
12037:
12030:
12023:
12016:
12009:
12002:
11995:
11988:
11981:
11974:
11971:Ekke Nekkepenn
11967:
11960:
11953:
11946:
11939:
11932:
11925:
11918:
11911:
11904:
11897:
11890:
11883:
11876:
11869:
11862:
11855:
11848:
11845:Alp (folklore)
11841:
11833:
11831:
11827:
11826:
11818:
11815:
11814:
11807:
11806:
11799:
11792:
11784:
11777:
11776:
11764:
11763:
11748:
11747:
11732:
11731:
11715:
11714:
11682:
11681:
11680:
11679:
11646:
11645:
11637:
11636:
11616:
11615:
11603:Meiche, Alfred
11598:
11597:
11591:
11566:
11565:
11551:Kuhn, Adalbert
11546:
11545:
11530:
11529:
11514:
11513:
11507:
11486:
11485:
11471:
11456:
11455:
11454:
11453:
11440:
11424:
11391:
11390:
11386:Deutsche Sagen
11380:, ed. (1816).
11373:
11372:
11366:
11345:
11344:
11323:
11322:
11321:
11320:
11305:
11304:
11303:(Reprint 1987)
11286:
11285:
11279:
11261:
11260:
11254:
11229:
11228:
11212:
11211:
11210:
11205:
11204:
11193:Thomas, Calvin
11180:
11156:
11148:
11132:
11124:
11103:
11086:
11067:
11055:
11053:, p. 108.
11036:
11008:
10986:
10972:
10963:"Ghost miners"
10950:
10924:
10904:
10880:
10853:
10844:
10835:
10807:
10797:Thomas Heywood
10788:
10771:
10769:, p. 157.
10759:
10741:
10739:, p. 240.
10729:
10727:, p. 257.
10717:
10701:
10683:
10671:
10659:
10647:
10635:
10633:, p. 290.
10623:
10614:
10602:
10600:, p. 250.
10590:
10581:
10579:, p. 143.
10569:
10567:, p. 239.
10554:
10552:, p. 142.
10542:
10526:
10504:
10492:
10490:, p. 798.
10480:
10476:M. A. B. Evans
10467:
10442:
10440:", pp. 251–252
10424:
10407:
10405:and Francisci.
10388:
10386:, p. 796.
10376:
10374:, p. 101.
10361:
10334:
10332:, p. 795.
10322:
10287:
10285:, p. 100.
10275:
10239:
10218:
10210:Deutsche Sagen
10201:
10197:Aschner (1909)
10189:
10180:
10168:
10155:
10140:
10120:
10089:
10069:
10052:
10030:
10021:
10009:
9994:
9992:, p. 439.
9990:Simrock (1855)
9982:
9969:
9947:
9935:
9923:
9918:Johannes Bolte
9902:Polívka, Georg
9893:
9891:, p. 167.
9881:
9869:
9853:
9836:
9824:
9812:
9797:
9774:
9762:
9760:, p. 256.
9743:
9734:
9709:
9670:
9668:, p. 158.
9658:
9641:
9617:
9599:
9573:
9571:, p. 152.
9558:
9542:
9529:
9500:
9498:, p. 252.
9488:
9460:
9442:
9440:, p. 156.
9425:
9413:
9400:
9398:, p. 258.
9388:
9367:
9348:
9341:
9329:Shippey, T. A.
9312:
9286:
9265:
9252:
9240:
9238:, p. 142.
9236:Golther (1908)
9228:
9212:
9210:, p. 145.
9208:Golther (1908)
9200:
9176:
9160:
9158:", pp. 578–579
9142:
9124:
9106:
9104:, p. 481.
9102:Simrock (1855)
9091:
9072:
9061:, ed. (1885).
9047:
9029:
9027:, p. 289.
9017:
9015:, p. 4, note*.
9000:
8998:, p. 287.
8988:
8949:
8940:
8924:
8915:
8886:
8874:
8872:, p. 140.
8859:
8847:
8830:
8818:
8806:
8793:
8786:
8759:
8737:
8704:
8702:, p. 507.
8692:
8648:
8636:
8620:
8604:
8588:
8581:
8553:
8541:
8539:, p. 503.
8526:
8493:
8491:, p. 508.
8481:
8479:, p. 255.
8469:
8457:
8406:
8402:Aschner (1909)
8394:
8390:Deutsche Sagen
8375:
8363:
8361:, p. 377.
8351:
8339:
8313:
8301:
8288:
8267:Meiger, Samuel
8258:
8245:
8198:
8182:
8169:
8156:
8140:
8136:Deutsche Sagen
8124:
8122:, p. 366.
8112:
8096:
8081:
8059:Marianne Rumpf
8051:August Kopisch
8042:
8035:
8009:
7997:
7980:
7963:
7956:
7924:
7920:Josef Jungmann
7863:skřet, skřjtek
7853:
7831:
7819:
7794:
7790:Hof (district)
7770:
7750:
7737:
7720:
7702:Grimm (1888),
7695:
7683:
7671:
7654:Taylor, Archer
7642:
7630:
7623:
7603:
7580:
7561:
7548:
7544:Deutsche Sagen
7537:Galgenmännlein
7524:
7510:, p. 513, n2;
7500:
7469:
7439:
7406:
7386:: 513, citing
7352:
7339:Vol. 1, p. 236
7314:
7284:
7272:
7259:Alp (Alptraum)
7246:
7227:
7206:
7184:
7172:
7150:
7134:
7122:
7110:
7101:
7076:
7067:
7050:
7048:, p. 155.
7033:
7031:, p. 168.
7021:
7012:
6988:
6986:, p. 163.
6973:
6964:
6952:
6943:
6938:Die Wolterkens
6918:
6909:
6880:
6863:
6859:Deutsche Sagen
6844:
6835:
6822:
6818:Deutsche Sagen
6801:
6792:
6763:
6733:
6713:
6677:
6675:, p. 505.
6660:
6647:"Ghost miners"
6634:
6613:
6588:
6560:
6542:
6533:
6508:
6492:
6475:
6462:Grimm (1888),
6455:
6433:
6407:
6387:
6370:
6361:
6359:, p. 132.
6349:
6322:
6298:
6282:
6257:
6250:
6227:
6220:
6195:
6188:
6168:
6161:
6141:
6109:
6097:
6092:Fastnachtspiel
6073:
6049:
6047:, p. 254.
6037:
6025:
6009:
5980:
5965:
5942:
5940:, p. 1426
5926:
5908:
5906:, p. 501.
5891:
5879:
5853:
5827:
5820:
5804:Seebold, Elmar
5791:
5762:
5736:
5732:(1910) edition
5717:Schrader, Otto
5708:
5699:
5697:, p. 134.
5682:
5675:
5644:
5635:
5628:
5605:
5577:
5575:Maclaren xiii.
5568:
5559:
5552:
5523:
5514:
5488:
5471:
5459:
5438:
5436:, p. 500.
5423:
5399:
5390:
5368:
5342:
5317:
5302:
5290:
5281:
5257:
5252:kóbolt, kobólt
5235:
5222:
5203:
5190:
5148:
5146:, Books IX–XII
5106:
5083:
5081:, p. 502.
5066:
5030:
5013:
4992:
4964:
4949:
4941:kóbolt, kobólt
4917:
4898:
4883:
4866:
4841:
4813:
4800:
4793:
4768:
4743:
4728:
4721:
4687:
4663:
4656:
4650:. p. 34.
4636:Pisarek, Janin
4612:
4605:
4576:
4569:
4527:
4520:
4504:Seebold, Elmar
4482:
4447:
4440:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4388:
4373:
4364:
4336:
4319:
4306:
4294:
4279:
4264:
4243:
4227:
4188:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4134:
4121:
4117:, Alraunwurzel
4097:
4080:
4065:
4053:
4044:
4035:
4018:
4002:De animantibus
3994:De animantibus
3985:
3944:
3934:
3907:
3878:
3869:
3828:
3803:
3787:
3771:
3762:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3693:Herbert Hoover
3652:
3649:
3598:Clash of Clans
3592:
3589:
3559:
3556:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3467:Heinrich Smidt
3465:German writer
3416:Main article:
3413:
3410:
3381:, and English
3340:nisse or tomte
3294:
3291:
3215:
3212:
3187:
3184:
3146:East Friesland
3133:
3130:
3116:
3113:
3095:Heinrich Heine
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2921:D. L. Ashliman
2916:
2913:
2892:, says that a
2881:), Pomerania.
2864:
2863:Fire phenomena
2861:
2841:
2838:
2794:
2791:
2769:
2753:
2745:
2742:
2720:. The tale of
2632:of fairytale.
2596:
2593:
2541:
2524:
2516:
2513:
2468:
2465:
2432:
2429:
2425:August Kopisch
2413:Main article:
2401:
2393:
2390:
2369:
2366:
2284:
2281:
2245:, now part of
2141:
2129:
2126:
2065:
2062:
2013:Thomas Kantzow
1968:
1965:
1779:
1776:
1758:galgenmännlein
1752:glücksmännchen
1694:
1686:
1683:
1530:
1527:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1341:
1337:Heinzelmänchen
1336:
1335:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:Harz Mountains
1043:
1040:
940:
937:
900:Ludwig Wachler
838:
835:
812:
811:
774:
773:
734:
733:Kobold as doll
731:
714:"chamber", or
637:
634:
629:agathós daímōn
620:
617:
597:
596:
540:together with
500:
497:
495:, No. 74, 75.
493:Deutsche Sagen
467:
456:
453:
444:kóbolt, kobólt
427:
424:
412:has a variant
368:Georg Agricola
259:Heinzelmänchen
232:Thomas Kantzow
213:Deutsche Sagen
190:
187:
143:Heinzelmänchen
118:of Norway) or
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16320:
16309:
16306:
16304:
16301:
16299:
16296:
16294:
16291:
16289:
16286:
16284:
16281:
16279:
16276:
16274:
16271:
16269:
16266:
16264:
16261:
16259:
16256:
16255:
16253:
16238:
16230:
16228:
16220:
16219:
16216:
16210:
16207:
16203:
16200:
16199:
16198:
16195:
16193:
16190:
16188:
16185:
16183:
16180:
16178:
16175:
16173:
16170:
16168:
16165:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16155:
16152:
16151:Ghost stories
16149:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16137:
16134:
16132:
16129:
16128:
16126:
16122:
16112:
16109:
16107:
16104:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16094:
16090:
16087:
16086:
16085:
16082:
16080:
16077:
16075:
16072:
16070:
16067:
16063:
16060:
16059:
16058:
16055:
16053:
16050:
16049:
16047:
16045:
16041:
16035:
16032:
16030:
16027:
16025:
16022:
16020:
16017:
16013:
16010:
16008:
16005:
16004:
16003:
16000:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15990:
15988:
15985:
15983:
15980:
15978:
15975:
15973:
15970:
15968:
15965:
15963:
15960:
15958:
15955:
15953:
15950:
15948:
15945:
15943:
15940:
15939:
15937:
15935:
15934:Fantasy races
15931:
15923:
15920:
15918:
15915:
15913:
15910:
15908:
15907:Shapeshifting
15905:
15903:
15900:
15898:
15895:
15893:
15890:
15888:
15885:
15883:
15880:
15878:
15875:
15873:
15870:
15868:
15865:
15863:
15860:
15859:
15857:
15853:
15850:
15848:
15845:
15841:
15838:
15837:
15836:
15833:
15831:
15828:
15826:
15823:
15822:
15821:
15818:
15814:
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15795:
15791:
15788:
15786:
15783:
15782:
15781:
15780:Hard and soft
15778:
15777:
15775:
15773:
15769:
15763:
15760:
15758:
15755:
15751:
15748:
15747:
15746:
15743:
15741:
15738:
15736:
15733:
15731:
15728:
15726:
15723:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15697:
15695:
15693:
15689:
15683:
15680:
15678:
15675:
15671:
15668:
15666:
15663:
15661:
15658:
15656:
15653:
15651:
15648:
15646:
15643:
15641:
15638:
15637:
15636:
15633:
15631:
15628:
15626:
15623:
15621:
15618:
15614:
15611:
15609:
15606:
15605:
15604:
15603:Shapeshifters
15601:
15599:
15596:
15594:
15591:
15589:
15586:
15584:
15581:
15577:
15574:
15572:
15569:
15568:
15567:
15564:
15562:
15559:
15557:
15554:
15552:
15549:
15545:
15542:
15540:
15537:
15536:
15535:
15532:
15530:
15527:
15526:
15524:
15522:
15518:
15515:
15513:
15509:
15499:
15496:
15494:
15491:
15489:
15486:
15484:
15481:
15479:
15476:
15474:
15471:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15462:
15458:
15456:
15453:
15451:
15448:
15446:
15443:
15442:
15439:
15436:
15434:
15430:
15424:
15423:World Fantasy
15421:
15419:
15418:Tähtifantasia
15416:
15414:
15411:
15409:
15406:
15404:
15401:
15399:
15396:
15394:
15391:
15389:
15388:Japan Fantasy
15386:
15384:
15381:
15379:
15376:
15374:
15371:
15369:
15366:
15364:
15361:
15359:
15356:
15354:
15351:
15349:
15346:
15345:
15343:
15339:
15329:
15326:
15324:
15321:
15319:
15318:
15314:
15313:
15311:
15307:
15301:
15300:
15296:
15294:
15293:
15289:
15287:
15286:
15282:
15280:
15279:
15275:
15273:
15272:
15268:
15266:
15265:
15261:
15259:
15258:
15254:
15253:
15251:
15249:
15245:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15227:
15224:
15222:
15219:
15217:
15214:
15213:
15212:
15209:
15207:
15204:
15202:
15199:
15197:
15196:
15192:
15188:
15185:
15184:
15183:
15180:
15178:
15175:
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15170:
15169:
15167:
15165:
15161:
15155:
15152:
15148:
15145:
15143:
15140:
15139:
15138:
15135:
15133:
15130:
15129:
15127:
15125:
15121:
15117:
15114:
15110:
15104:
15101:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15088:
15087:
15086:Weird fiction
15084:
15080:
15077:
15075:
15072:
15071:
15070:
15069:Urban fantasy
15067:
15065:
15062:
15058:
15055:
15053:
15050:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15034:
15032:
15029:
15025:
15022:
15021:
15020:
15017:
15015:
15012:
15010:
15007:
15005:
15002:
15000:
14997:
14995:
14992:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14980:
14977:
14975:
14972:
14969:
14966:
14963:
14960:
14956:
14953:
14952:
14951:
14948:
14944:
14941:
14940:
14939:
14936:
14934:
14931:
14929:
14926:
14924:
14921:
14917:
14914:
14912:
14909:
14907:
14904:
14903:
14901:
14900:
14898:
14894:
14888:
14885:
14883:
14880:
14878:
14875:
14873:
14870:
14869:
14866:
14862:
14855:
14850:
14848:
14843:
14841:
14836:
14835:
14832:
14820:
14812:
14810:
14802:
14797:
14796:
14793:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14756:
14754:
14751:
14749:
14746:
14742:
14741:Companions of
14739:
14737:
14734:
14733:
14732:
14729:
14728:
14726:
14722:
14716:
14712:
14709:
14707:
14704:
14702:
14699:
14697:
14694:
14692:
14689:
14685:
14684:King Goldemar
14682:
14680:
14677:
14676:
14675:
14672:
14670:
14667:
14665:
14662:
14661:
14659:
14655:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14607:
14604:
14603:
14602:
14599:
14595:
14592:
14591:
14590:
14587:
14585:
14582:
14580:
14577:
14575:
14572:
14570:
14567:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14537:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14525:
14522:
14520:
14517:
14516:
14514:
14510:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14493:Pictish Beast
14491:
14489:
14488:Morgan Le Fay
14486:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14439:
14436:
14434:
14431:
14429:
14426:
14424:
14421:
14420:
14418:
14414:
14408:
14405:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14304:
14302:
14298:
14295:
14291:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14237:
14235:
14232:
14231:
14229:
14225:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14205:
14202:
14200:
14197:
14193:
14190:
14189:
14188:
14185:
14183:
14180:
14178:
14175:
14173:
14170:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14150:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14138:
14135:
14131:
14128:
14126:
14123:
14121:
14118:
14116:
14113:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14103:
14102:
14101:
14098:
14096:
14093:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14082:
14080:
14076:
14070:
14069:Yunwi Tsunsdi
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13984:Christmas elf
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13956:
13954:
13950:
13944:
13941:
13939:
13936:
13934:
13931:
13929:
13926:
13924:
13921:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13911:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13899:
13896:
13894:
13891:
13889:
13886:
13884:
13881:
13880:
13878:
13874:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
13857:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13850:Little people
13848:
13846:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13827:
13820:
13816:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13800:Yallery Brown
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13768:
13766:
13763:
13761:
13758:
13756:
13753:
13751:
13748:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13738:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13684:
13681:
13679:
13676:
13674:
13671:
13669:
13666:
13664:
13661:
13660:
13659:
13656:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13636:
13634:
13631:
13629:
13626:
13624:
13621:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13581:
13579:
13576:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13545:
13543:
13539:
13533:
13530:
13528:
13525:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13507:Lazy Laurence
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13492:Klabautermann
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13437:Iannic-ann-ôd
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13299:
13297:
13293:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13251:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13200:
13197:
13195:
13192:
13190:
13187:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13172:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13157:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13145:
13142:
13140:
13137:
13135:
13132:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13122:
13120:
13117:
13115:
13112:
13110:
13107:
13105:
13102:
13100:
13097:
13095:
13092:
13090:
13087:
13085:
13082:
13080:
13077:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13036:
13034:
13030:
13023:
13019:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12994:
12992:
12988:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12971:Nature spirit
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12945:
12942:
12941:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12895:
12891:
12886:
12881:
12874:
12869:
12867:
12862:
12860:
12855:
12854:
12851:
12838:
12834:
12831:
12827:
12826:
12824:
12820:
12813:
12809:
12806:
12802:
12799:
12795:
12792:
12788:
12785:
12781:
12778:
12774:
12771:
12767:
12764:
12760:
12757:
12753:
12750:
12746:
12745:
12743:
12739:
12732:
12728:
12725:
12721:
12718:
12714:
12711:
12707:
12704:
12700:
12697:
12693:
12690:
12686:
12683:
12679:
12676:
12672:
12669:
12665:
12662:
12658:
12655:
12654:Stauffacherin
12651:
12648:
12644:
12641:
12637:
12634:
12630:
12627:
12623:
12620:
12616:
12613:
12612:Princess Ilse
12609:
12606:
12602:
12599:
12595:
12592:
12588:
12585:
12581:
12578:
12574:
12571:
12567:
12564:
12560:
12557:
12553:
12550:
12546:
12543:
12539:
12536:
12532:
12529:
12525:
12522:
12518:
12515:
12511:
12508:
12504:
12501:
12497:
12494:
12490:
12487:
12483:
12480:
12476:
12473:
12469:
12466:
12462:
12459:
12455:
12452:
12448:
12445:
12441:
12438:
12434:
12431:
12427:
12424:
12420:
12417:
12413:
12410:
12406:
12403:
12399:
12396:
12392:
12389:
12385:
12382:
12378:
12375:
12371:
12368:
12364:
12361:
12357:
12356:
12354:
12350:
12343:
12339:
12336:
12332:
12329:
12325:
12322:
12318:
12315:
12311:
12308:
12304:
12301:
12297:
12294:
12290:
12287:
12283:
12280:
12276:
12273:
12269:
12266:
12262:
12259:
12255:
12252:
12248:
12245:
12241:
12238:
12234:
12231:
12230:Petermännchen
12227:
12224:
12220:
12217:
12213:
12210:
12206:
12203:
12199:
12196:
12192:
12189:
12185:
12182:
12178:
12175:
12171:
12168:
12164:
12161:
12157:
12154:
12150:
12147:
12143:
12140:
12136:
12133:
12129:
12126:
12122:
12119:
12115:
12112:
12111:King Goldemar
12108:
12105:
12101:
12098:
12097:Klabautermann
12094:
12091:
12087:
12084:
12080:
12077:
12073:
12070:
12066:
12063:
12059:
12056:
12052:
12049:
12045:
12042:
12038:
12035:
12031:
12028:
12024:
12021:
12017:
12014:
12010:
12007:
12003:
12000:
11996:
11993:
11989:
11986:
11982:
11979:
11975:
11972:
11968:
11965:
11961:
11958:
11954:
11951:
11947:
11944:
11940:
11937:
11933:
11930:
11926:
11923:
11919:
11916:
11912:
11909:
11905:
11902:
11898:
11895:
11891:
11888:
11884:
11881:
11877:
11874:
11870:
11867:
11863:
11860:
11856:
11853:
11849:
11846:
11842:
11839:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11828:
11824:
11823:
11816:
11812:
11805:
11800:
11798:
11793:
11791:
11786:
11785:
11782:
11773:
11772:
11766:
11765:
11760:
11759:
11754:
11750:
11749:
11744:
11743:
11738:
11734:
11733:
11729:
11728:0-393-31792-7
11725:
11721:
11717:
11716:
11712:
11706:
11705:
11700:
11696:
11692:
11688:
11684:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11672:
11667:
11663:
11662:
11659:
11658:
11652:
11648:
11647:
11643:
11639:
11638:
11632:
11631:John D. Niles
11628:
11627:
11622:
11618:
11617:
11612:
11608:
11604:
11600:
11599:
11594:
11592:0-253-20393-7
11588:
11584:
11583:John D. Niles
11580:
11576:
11572:
11568:
11567:
11562:
11561:
11556:
11552:
11548:
11547:
11542:
11541:
11536:
11532:
11531:
11526:
11525:
11520:
11516:
11515:
11510:
11508:0-8264-0291-7
11504:
11500:
11496:
11492:
11488:
11487:
11482:
11481:
11476:
11472:
11468:
11467:
11462:
11458:
11457:
11450:
11446:
11441:
11437:
11433:
11429:
11425:
11421:
11417:
11413:
11409:
11408:
11405:
11401:
11397:
11393:
11392:
11387:
11383:
11379:
11375:
11374:
11369:
11363:
11359:
11355:
11351:
11347:
11346:
11341:
11340:Franz Stassen
11337:
11333:
11329:
11325:
11324:
11318:
11317:
11314:
11313:
11307:
11306:
11300:
11296:
11292:
11288:
11287:
11282:
11280:9783830958697
11276:
11272:
11268:
11263:
11262:
11257:
11255:0-313-33349-1
11251:
11247:
11243:
11239:
11235:
11231:
11230:
11225:
11221:
11220:
11214:
11213:
11208:
11207:
11200:
11199:
11194:
11190:
11184:
11176:
11172:
11171:
11166:
11160:
11146:
11138:Sylph vanish,
11136:Undine twine,
11128:
11121:
11120:0-8028-3634-8
11117:
11113:
11107:
11100:
11096:
11090:
11083:
11078:
11071:
11064:
11059:
11052:
11051:Ellett (1846)
11047:
11045:
11043:
11041:
11033:
11032:0-415-13282-7
11029:
11025:
11019:
11017:
11015:
11013:
11005:
10999:
10997:
10995:
10993:
10991:
10981:
10979:
10977:
10969:. 8: 205–206.
10968:
10964:
10960:
10954:
10947:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10921:
10917:
10913:
10908:
10901:
10900:0-405-13333-2
10897:
10893:
10889:
10884:
10877:
10876:0-415-20476-3
10873:
10869:
10864:
10857:
10848:
10839:
10832:
10831:0-7661-8710-1
10828:
10824:
10820:
10816:
10811:
10804:
10803:
10798:
10792:
10785:
10784:9781445657431
10781:
10775:
10768:
10767:Thorpe (1852)
10763:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10738:
10733:
10726:
10721:
10714:
10710:
10709:Grimms (1816)
10705:
10699:", pp. 91–92.
10697:
10692:
10687:
10681:, p. 47.
10680:
10675:
10669:, p. 49.
10668:
10667:Thorpe (1852)
10663:
10656:
10651:
10644:
10643:Thorpe (1852)
10639:
10632:
10627:
10618:
10611:
10606:
10599:
10594:
10588:Maclaren 224.
10585:
10578:
10573:
10566:
10561:
10559:
10551:
10546:
10539:
10535:
10530:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10499:
10497:
10489:
10484:
10477:
10471:
10464:
10462:
10456:
10454:
10446:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10421:
10416:
10414:
10412:
10404:
10400:
10399:
10392:
10385:
10380:
10373:
10372:Grimms (1816)
10368:
10366:
10357:
10351:
10345:
10338:
10331:
10326:
10319:
10318:1-4191-1909-5
10315:
10311:
10309:
10303:
10298:
10296:
10294:
10292:
10284:
10283:Grimms (1816)
10279:
10272:
10268:
10264:
10258:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10236:
10232:
10228:
10222:
10215:
10214:Grimms (1816)
10211:
10205:
10199:, p. 63.
10198:
10193:
10184:
10177:
10172:
10165:
10159:
10152:
10149:
10144:
10136:
10135:
10130:
10124:
10116:
10114:
10108:
10103:
10101:
10093:
10085:
10084:
10079:
10073:
10066:
10062:
10056:
10048:
10044:
10040:
10034:
10025:
10018:
10013:
10006:
10001:
9999:
9991:
9986:
9979:
9973:
9966:
9963:
9958:
9951:
9944:
9939:
9932:
9931:Thorpe (1852)
9927:
9919:
9915:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9897:
9890:
9889:Berger (2001)
9885:
9878:
9873:
9866:
9862:
9857:
9850:
9846:
9840:
9833:
9828:
9821:
9816:
9809:
9808:
9801:
9793:
9792:
9787:
9781:
9779:
9771:
9766:
9759:
9754:
9752:
9750:
9748:
9738:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9718:
9716:
9714:
9705:
9701:
9697:
9693:
9689:
9685:
9681:
9674:
9667:
9666:Thorpe (1852)
9662:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9638:
9634:
9630:
9626:
9621:
9613:
9608:
9607:Köhler (1867)
9603:
9596:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9570:
9565:
9563:
9555:
9551:
9546:
9539:
9533:
9526:
9523:
9519:
9518:
9513:
9509:
9508:Martin Luther
9504:
9497:
9492:
9486:, p. 139
9485:
9480:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9439:
9438:Thorpe (1852)
9434:
9432:
9430:
9422:
9421:Berger (2001)
9417:
9410:
9409:Thorpe (1852)
9404:
9397:
9392:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9372:
9364:
9360:
9359:
9352:
9344:
9342:9781134970933
9338:
9334:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9316:
9308:
9304:
9300:
9296:
9290:
9282:
9281:
9274:
9269:
9262:
9261:Thorpe (1852)
9256:
9249:
9244:
9237:
9232:
9225:
9221:
9216:
9209:
9204:
9197:
9196:Poltergeister
9193:
9189:
9183:
9181:
9174:
9172:
9164:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9139:
9134:
9133:Margaret Hunt
9128:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9103:
9098:
9096:
9089:, p. 508
9088:
9084:
9079:
9077:
9068:
9064:
9060:
9054:
9052:
9043:
9039:
9033:
9026:
9021:
9014:
9009:
9007:
9005:
8997:
8992:
8986:, p. 363–364
8984:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8970:Poltergeister
8967:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8954:
8944:
8938:Rose 40, 183.
8935:
8933:
8931:
8929:
8919:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8893:
8891:
8884:Maclaren 223.
8881:
8879:
8871:
8866:
8864:
8856:
8851:
8844:
8839:
8838:Sommer (1846)
8834:
8827:
8822:
8815:
8810:
8803:
8797:
8789:
8787:9780738715490
8783:
8779:
8778:
8773:
8769:
8763:
8755:
8751:
8747:
8741:
8733:
8728:
8726:
8719:
8714:
8713:Weyden, Ernst
8708:
8701:
8696:
8689:
8685:
8684:
8678:
8672:
8666:
8661:
8658:, p. 418
8657:
8652:
8645:
8640:
8634:, p. 316
8633:
8629:
8624:
8617:
8613:
8612:Grimms (1816)
8608:
8601:
8597:
8596:Grimms (1816)
8592:
8584:
8582:9783777280295
8578:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8560:
8558:
8550:
8545:
8538:
8533:
8531:
8522:
8515:
8511:
8507:
8503:
8497:
8490:
8485:
8478:
8473:
8466:
8461:
8454:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8434:thus meaning
8433:
8432:
8427:
8426:
8421:
8415:
8413:
8411:
8404:, p. 64.
8403:
8398:
8391:
8387:
8386:Grimms (1816)
8382:
8380:
8373:, p. 122, n1.
8372:
8367:
8360:
8355:
8348:
8343:
8335:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8317:
8310:
8305:
8298:
8292:
8284:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8262:
8255:
8249:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8195:
8192:
8186:
8179:
8173:
8166:
8165:East Prussian
8160:
8153:
8147:
8145:
8137:
8133:
8132:Grimms (1816)
8128:
8121:
8116:
8109:
8105:
8100:
8093:
8088:
8086:
8076:
8071:
8065:
8060:
8056:
8052:
8046:
8038:
8036:9780738715490
8032:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8013:
8007:, p. 33.
8006:
8001:
7995:, p. 33.
7994:
7989:
7987:
7985:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7959:
7957:9781620554814
7953:
7949:
7945:
7944:"Dwarf names"
7941:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7921:
7916:
7910:
7904:
7903:duchu-górniku
7898:
7892:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7870:
7864:
7857:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7835:
7828:
7823:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7801:
7799:
7791:
7785:
7780:
7774:
7767:
7764:
7760:
7754:
7747:
7741:
7733:
7732:
7724:
7717:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7699:
7692:
7687:
7680:
7679:Taylor (1919)
7675:
7668:(6): 305–306.
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7649:
7647:
7639:
7634:
7626:
7624:9780738715490
7620:
7616:
7615:
7607:
7600:
7595:
7593:
7584:
7577:
7576:Thorpe (1852)
7572:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7558:
7552:
7545:
7542:
7541:Grimms (1816)
7538:
7534:
7528:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7504:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7444:
7437:, p. 32.
7436:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7403:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7388:Sommer (1846)
7385:
7381:
7378:: 12, 86 and
7377:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7356:
7349:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7328:von der Hagen
7325:
7324:
7318:
7311:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7294:
7288:
7282:, p. 31.
7281:
7276:
7269:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7242:
7237:
7231:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7202:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7181:
7176:
7167:
7162:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7143:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7119:
7114:
7105:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7083:
7081:
7071:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7047:
7046:Thorpe (1852)
7042:
7040:
7038:
7030:
7029:Berger (2001)
7025:
7016:
7007:
7002:
6999:(now Słupsk)
6998:
6992:
6985:
6984:Berger (2001)
6980:
6978:
6968:
6961:
6960:Thorpe (1852)
6956:
6947:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6923:
6913:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6860:
6856:
6855:Grimms (1816)
6851:
6849:
6839:
6832:
6826:
6819:
6815:
6814:Grimms (1816)
6810:
6808:
6806:
6796:
6789:
6785:
6783:
6777:
6773:
6772:Hof (district
6767:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6740:
6738:
6729:
6725:
6724:Köhler (1867)
6720:
6718:
6710:
6708:
6700:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6638:
6631:
6629:
6623:
6617:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6595:
6593:
6585:
6581:
6576:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6557:
6546:
6537:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6505:
6501:
6496:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6459:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6429:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6411:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6365:
6358:
6353:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6305:
6303:
6295:
6291:
6286:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6261:
6253:
6251:9780198158042
6247:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6223:
6221:9781467467902
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6191:
6189:9780226706771
6185:
6181:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6162:9781350065703
6158:
6154:
6153:
6145:
6138:
6137:0-19-864226-1
6134:
6129:
6128:koba_l-os, ho
6124:
6123:
6116:
6114:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6053:
6046:
6041:
6034:
6029:
6022:
6018:
6013:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5985:
5976:
5969:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5930:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5905:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5888:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5849:
5848:hauses walten
5842:
5837:
5831:
5823:
5821:9783110223651
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5788:
5787:3-11-017258-5
5784:
5780:
5778:
5771:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5743:
5741:
5733:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5703:
5696:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5639:
5631:
5629:9781134810215
5625:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5608:
5606:0-415-12034-9
5602:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5572:
5563:
5555:
5553:9781443843430
5549:
5545:
5541:
5539:
5538:American Gods
5530:
5528:
5518:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5485:
5483:
5475:
5469:, p. 29.
5468:
5463:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5435:
5430:
5428:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5394:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5294:
5285:
5277:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5232:
5226:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5200:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5172:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5144:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5063:
5058:
5057:Lares/Penates
5053:
5049:
5044:
5037:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5017:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4961:
4956:
4954:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4914:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4880:
4879:Meiche (1903)
4875:
4873:
4871:
4862:
4857:
4856:Kremnitzmühle
4852:
4845:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4810:
4804:
4796:
4794:0-415-34018-7
4790:
4786:
4782:
4775:
4773:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4724:
4722:3-11-011194-2
4718:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4659:
4657:9783412520304
4653:
4649:
4648:Böhlau Verlag
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4608:
4606:9781620554814
4602:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4572:
4570:3-11-011194-2
4566:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4523:
4521:9783110223651
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4443:
4441:9780738715490
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4392:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4290:
4286:Müllenhoff: "
4283:
4275:
4271:Müllenhoff: "
4268:
4260:
4254:
4250:Müllenhoff, "
4247:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4164:
4157:
4151:
4144:
4138:
4131:
4125:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4060:
4058:
4048:
4039:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3962:
3961:De animatibus
3958:
3954:
3948:
3938:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3889:
3882:
3873:
3866:
3865:challah bread
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:Schweinekoben
3813:
3807:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3766:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3681:In the novel
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3671:American Gods
3668:In the novel
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3536:Greek element
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3501:Martin Luther
3486:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3471:Klabautermann
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3436:Klabautermann
3429:
3424:
3419:
3418:Klabautermann
3412:Klabautermann
3409:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3236:
3235:Adalbert Kuhn
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:Klabautermann
3219:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3166:) and milk.
3165:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3126:Wendish Spree
3121:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3069:According to
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3005:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2930:Spâei, Sparei
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2846:King Goldemar
2837:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:. The kobold-
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2681:Krempermarsch
2678:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2579:Petermännchen
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2538:
2529:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:St John's Day
2486:
2481:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2431:Miscellaneous
2428:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2398:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2301:("knocker"),
2299:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:that haunted
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2064:Apparel names
2061:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2044:Samuel Meiger
2040:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:Niederdeutsch
2002:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:Elmar Seebold
1983:
1980:Although the
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1899:Kremnitzmühle
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:heroic legend
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1355:
1321:
1286:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1046:Spiritualist
1039:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1024:derived from
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
982:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
950:
946:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
868:
867:Ancient Greek
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:kobold/kobolt
844:
834:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
809:
808:
807:
805:
800:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
770:
769:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
730:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
697:
690:
684:
680:
679:Otto Schrader
675:
672:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
633:
631:
630:
625:
624:Otto Schrader
616:
613:
607:
602:
594:
590:
589:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
544:
538:
533:
528:
525:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
466:
461:
452:
450:
445:
440:
435:
433:
423:
421:
416:
411:
410:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
384:
379:
378:
373:
369:
364:
363:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
311:
308:
306:
302:
298:
293:
290:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
228:
223:
219:
215:
214:
209:
208:
203:
198:
196:
186:
184:
183:
182:Klabautermann
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:
107:
101:
97:
95:
88:
86:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
45:
37:
33:
29:
22:
16209:Urban legend
16111:Magic school
16084:Astral plane
16079:Hollow Earth
15991:
15772:Magic system
15725:Dragonslayer
15620:Skin-walkers
15468:The Inklings
15461:Harry Potter
15460:
15315:
15297:
15290:
15283:
15276:
15269:
15262:
15255:
15193:
15014:Magical girl
14989:High fantasy
14984:Hard fantasy
14950:Dark fantasy
14928:Contemporary
14715:Weiße Frauen
14711:Witte Wieven
14483:Menninkäinen
14264:Patupaiarehe
14192:Hungry ghost
14177:Orang bunian
14095:Fallen angel
14039:Nordic alien
13775:Wicked fairy
13715:Sleih beggey
13522:Lubber fiend
13512:Leanan sídhe
13486:
13457:Joan the Wad
13422:Hobbididance
13382:Gwyn ap Nudd
13104:Bloody Bones
13074:Baobhan sith
13064:Arkan Sonney
12981:Water spirit
12966:Hungry grass
12934:Fairy riding
12724:Wolfdietrich
12710:William Tell
12633:Schildbürger
12342:Wolpertinger
12307:Wiedergänger
12300:Weiße Frauen
12251:Rhinemaidens
12131:
11999:Ewiger Jäger
11964:Easter Bunny
11936:Doppelgänger
11820:Folklore of
11819:
11770:
11757:
11741:
11737:Sommer, Emil
11719:
11703:
11670:
11655:
11641:
11625:
11610:
11578:
11559:
11539:
11523:
11519:Jahn, Ulrich
11498:
11479:
11475:Haas, Alfred
11465:
11461:Haas, Alfred
11448:
11435:
11428:Grimm, Jacob
11419:
11412:Grimm, Jacob
11403:
11396:Grimm, Jacob
11385:
11357:
11335:
11311:
11298:
11270:
11241:
11218:
11209:Bibliography
11197:
11183:
11169:
11159:
11133:
11127:
11111:
11106:
11098:
11089:
11081:
11070:
11058:
11023:
11003:
10966:
10953:
10945:
10927:
10919:
10915:
10907:
10891:
10883:
10867:
10856:
10847:
10838:
10818:
10810:
10800:
10791:
10774:
10762:
10744:
10732:
10720:
10704:
10686:
10674:
10662:
10650:
10638:
10626:
10617:
10612:, p. 4.
10610:Lüthi (1986)
10605:
10593:
10584:
10572:
10545:
10537:
10529:
10521:
10514:(1839) s.v.
10507:
10483:
10470:
10458:
10450:
10445:
10427:
10402:
10396:
10391:
10379:
10337:
10325:
10305:
10278:
10270:
10242:
10230:
10221:
10209:
10204:
10192:
10183:
10171:
10158:
10153:(1495–1503).
10150:
10143:
10133:
10123:
10112:
10099:
10092:
10082:
10078:Haas, Alfred
10072:
10067:also exists.
10060:
10055:
10046:
10033:
10024:
10012:
10007:, p. 5.
10005:Lüthi (1986)
9985:
9977:
9972:
9964:
9961:
9950:
9938:
9926:
9913:
9909:
9896:
9884:
9872:
9856:
9844:
9839:
9827:
9815:
9805:
9800:
9790:
9765:
9737:
9687:
9683:
9673:
9661:
9644:
9636:
9628:
9620:
9602:
9594:
9590:
9576:
9569:Ranke (1910)
9545:
9538:Gustave Doré
9532:
9521:
9515:
9511:
9503:
9491:
9463:
9458:, pp. 15–16"
9445:
9416:
9403:
9391:
9356:
9351:
9332:
9315:
9306:
9302:
9289:
9268:
9263:, p. 48
9255:
9243:
9231:
9215:
9203:
9187:
9168:
9163:
9145:
9127:
9109:
9083:Grimm (1875)
9066:
9041:
9032:
9020:
9013:Lüthi (1986)
8991:
8977:
8969:
8943:
8918:
8850:
8833:
8821:
8809:
8796:
8776:
8762:
8753:
8740:
8724:
8707:
8695:
8687:
8681:
8651:
8639:
8623:
8607:
8591:
8572:
8544:
8521:HTML version
8514:Willy Pogány
8509:
8502:Gask, Lilian
8496:
8484:
8472:
8460:
8453:Johann Weyer
8448:
8444:
8435:
8429:
8423:
8397:
8389:
8366:
8354:
8342:
8328:
8316:
8304:
8291:
8282:
8276:
8272:
8261:
8248:
8240:Gustave Doré
8235:
8224:Gustave Doré
8219:
8190:
8185:
8172:
8159:
8151:
8135:
8127:
8115:
8104:Grimm (1875)
8099:
8055:Ernst Weyden
8045:
8026:
8012:
8000:
7971:
7966:
7947:
7885:
7877:
7874:Grimm (1875)
7856:
7847:
7834:
7822:
7813:
7773:
7766:Hof, Bavaria
7762:
7759:schretzelein
7758:
7757:The tale of
7753:
7745:
7740:
7730:
7723:
7715:
7708:
7705:
7698:
7691:Ranke (1936)
7686:
7674:
7665:
7661:
7638:Ranke (1936)
7633:
7613:
7606:
7598:
7591:
7590:Ch. XXXVII,
7583:
7551:
7543:
7527:
7519:
7515:
7512:Grimm (1878)
7503:
7494:
7464:
7460:
7397:
7383:
7375:
7372:Grimm (1875)
7367:
7363:
7360:Grimm (1878)
7355:
7347:
7331:
7323:Wolfdietrich
7321:
7317:
7309:
7298:
7287:
7275:
7267:
7263:
7249:
7235:
7230:
7223:
7209:
7195:
7175:
7159:
7153:
7142:Grimm (1875)
7137:
7125:
7113:
7104:
7095:
7070:
7053:
7024:
7015:
7001:Kreis Köslin
6991:
6967:
6955:
6946:
6912:
6902:
6866:
6858:
6838:
6825:
6817:
6795:
6782:Schretzelein
6779:
6775:
6766:
6754:papercutting
6749:
6704:
6685:
6680:
6654:
6650:
6637:
6625:
6616:
6607:
6583:
6579:
6550:
6545:
6536:
6526:
6503:
6495:
6487:
6483:
6478:
6468:
6465:
6458:
6449:
6436:
6422:
6410:
6402:
6395:
6390:
6382:
6373:
6364:
6352:
6338:
6330:
6325:
6312:
6294:Grimm (1875)
6285:
6277:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6240:
6230:
6211:
6198:
6178:
6171:
6151:
6144:
6120:
6100:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6064:
6060:
6057:Grimm (1875)
6052:
6040:
6028:
6020:
6012:
6003:
5999:
5968:
5958:
5929:
5915:
5911:
5882:
5873:
5869:
5856:
5830:
5811:
5794:
5773:
5770:Wexler, Paul
5765:
5756:
5752:
5724:
5711:
5702:
5666:
5638:
5618:
5596:
5571:
5562:
5543:
5537:
5521:Schrader 24.
5517:
5508:
5504:
5491:
5479:
5474:
5462:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5416:
5402:
5393:
5379:
5371:
5364:
5360:
5345:
5337:
5334:
5327:(1705) s.v.
5320:
5305:
5293:
5284:
5273:
5246:
5230:
5225:
5211:
5206:
5198:
5193:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5126:
5099:
5061:
5047:
5023:
5016:
5008:
5003:glossed as "
5000:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:(1861–1864)
4945:
4912:
4901:
4894:Ranke (1910)
4844:
4835:
4808:
4803:
4784:
4746:
4739:Ranke (1936)
4711:
4682:
4678:
4643:
4596:
4590:
4579:
4559:
4511:
4471:
4431:
4391:
4376:
4367:
4339:
4327:
4322:
4309:
4302:
4297:
4282:
4267:
4246:
4234:Müllenhoff:
4230:
4213:Dithmarschen
4196:
4191:
4180:Also called
4176:
4163:
4155:
4150:
4142:
4141:Rather than
4137:
4129:
4124:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4068:
4047:
4038:
4026:
4021:
4014:Aglaophamus
4013:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3960:
3947:
3937:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3892:
3881:
3872:
3856:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3831:
3823:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3765:
3752:
3700:
3682:
3680:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3642:
3636:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3581:Pittiplatsch
3578:
3569:
3568:
3564:Edvard Grieg
3561:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3529:
3523:
3518:
3508:
3497:
3475:Saint Phocas
3470:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3444:Klabotermann
3443:
3439:
3438:(also spelt
3433:
3428:Buch Zur See
3427:
3400:and Cornish
3395:
3386:
3372:
3321:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3272:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3220:
3217:
3208:
3197:
3189:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3149:
3135:
3132:Good fortune
3122:
3118:
3109:
3102:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3068:
3053:
3049:
3031:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2986:
2977:
2975:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2934:
2924:
2918:
2908:
2893:
2883:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2843:
2825:
2824:) Also, the
2813:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2756:
2713:
2709:
2697:
2695:
2684:
2668:
2663:
2650:
2646:
2634:
2630:league boots
2623:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2553:
2551:
2544:
2527:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2482:
2478:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2427:(d. 1853).
2422:
2418:
2371:
2361:
2357:
2311:
2309:
2293:poltergeists
2288:
2286:
2283:Poltergeists
2274:
2265:
2257:
2255:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2162:
2148:
2145:Willy Pogány
2077:Hellekeplein
2067:
2059:
2054:
2027:
2021:
1998:
1979:
1976:
1950:
1946:duchy rodowe
1940:
1936:
1934:
1925:schretzelein
1889:Hof, Bavaria
1885:schretzelein
1884:
1882:
1877:
1869:schretselein
1858:holzfräulein
1857:
1847:
1840:
1830:
1825:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1778:Cretin names
1763:
1744:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1710:categorizes
1707:
1705:
1697:
1678:
1674:
1660:
1632:
1627:de:Butzemann
1625:
1621:
1607:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1566:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1532:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1457:
1454:Drak. Alrun
1403:Schretzelein
1388:
1383:
1171:Schretzelein
1045:
1029:
1028:"chamber' +
1025:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1003:Bergmännchen
1002:
999:Bergmännlein
998:
994:
992:
980:Bergmännchen
979:
974:
962:
958:
954:
952:
928:
924:
918:
914:
910:
904:
895:
891:
889:
880:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
840:
830:
826:
824:
819:
815:
813:
803:
801:
798:
781:
777:
775:
765:Karl Simrock
762:
745:
743:
738:
736:
724:
719:
711:
710:/Icelandic:
704:kob/kub/kuf-
703:
701:
676:
649:
648:"chamber" +
645:
641:
639:
627:
622:
600:
598:
592:
584:
572:
570:
558:Vocabularius
557:
529:
516:
508:
505:vocabularius
504:
502:
492:
488:
484:
478:
470:
464:
448:
436:
429:
407:
405:
396:
392:
377:Bergmännlein
376:
371:
349:
345:
343:
333:
329:
327:
322:
318:
314:
312:
309:
294:
273:
267:
263:
243:shapeshifter
238:
236:
234:(d. 1542).
211:
205:
201:
199:
192:
180:
178:
166:Bergmännchen
165:
162:Bergmännlein
161:
157:
147:
136:
127:
122:(cognate of
119:
114:(cognate of
111:
104:
91:
89:
82:
77:
65:
61:
57:
53:
51:
43:
32:
16136:Epic poetry
15997:Leprechauns
15912:Thaumaturgy
15887:Incantation
15840:Magic sword
15398:Méliès d'Or
15299:Weird Tales
15052:Dying Earth
15031:Mythopoeia
15009:Low fantasy
14974:Fantastique
14736:Santa Claus
14564:Hippocampus
14254:Muldjewangk
14120:Inari Ōkami
13770:Water horse
13755:Tylwyth Teg
13745:Tooth fairy
13638:Pillywiggin
13588:Moss people
13558:Meg Mullach
13462:Joint-eater
13347:Ghillie Dhu
13307:Fairy Queen
13094:Billy Blind
13049:Alp Luachra
12956:Genius loci
12882:in folklore
12591:Peter Klaus
12335:Witte Wiwer
12265:Santa Claus
12237:Poltergeist
12181:Moss people
12118:King Laurin
12027:Feldgeister
11978:Elwetritsch
10851:Rose 182–3.
10524:pp. 111–112
10255: [
10028:Rose 151–2.
9877:Haas (1912)
9865:Jahn (1886)
9861:Jahn (1886)
9832:Haas (1899)
9820:Jahn (1886)
9581:Haupt, Karl
9383:Schwertmann
8980:, Band 1, "
8922:Thorpe 141.
8073: [
8062: [
7970:Category E
7866:glossed as
7782: [
7706:Teut. Myth.
7342:. Cited by
7270:: 1763–1764
7254:Ranke, Kurt
7241:Butze, Butz
7164: [
7004: [
6997:Kreis Stolp
6697: [
6622:Reichenbach
6466:Teut. Myth.
6021:Wahtelmaere
5839: [
5614:Dowden, Ken
5593:Dowden, Ken
5288:lower-alpha
5143:Second Part
4859: [
4851:schretzchen
4699:Ranke, Kurt
4593:in Sweden)"
4356:Shakespeare
4348: [
4328:schretelein
4218:Der Dränger
4183:dönnerkuhle
4154:In Grimms
3837:Paul Wexler
3783:motif index
3676:Neil Gaiman
3604:Hearthstone
3440:Klaboterman
3186:Eradication
3063:Beschwörung
2915:Animal form
2879:Świnoujście
2827:de:Irrlicht
2818: [
2728:Świnoujście
2671:Schwertmann
2571:Jacob Grimm
2563:Hintzelmann
2368:Milk-lovers
2243:Elbingerode
2239:katzen-veit
2227:Fichtelberg
2223:katzen-veit
2215:katzen-veit
2047: [
2009:poltergeist
1902: [
1894:schretzchen
1839:/Icelandic
1673:. The term
1522:Heinzelmann
1497: [
1480:hausgeister
1213:Katzen-veit
984: [
894:from Greek
827:Kretinnamen
661: [
612:genius loci
606:stetewalden
593:stetewalden
489:Hintzelmann
381: [
301:Hintzelmann
297:poltergeist
270:Jacob Grimm
222:dismembered
85:poltergeist
16252:Categories
16197:Tokusatsu
16146:Fairy tale
16089:Dreamworld
15987:Hobgoblins
15922:Witchcraft
15892:Necromancy
15872:Divination
15867:Demonology
15830:Magic ring
15820:Magic item
15803:Ceremonial
15692:Characters
15613:Werewolves
15551:Elementals
15455:Filk music
15403:Mythopoeic
15238:Publishers
15164:Literature
15124:television
15096:Weird West
15036:Omegaverse
14906:Lost world
14877:Literature
14768:Salamander
14468:Jack Frost
14105:Hồ ly tinh
14100:Fox spirit
14004:Grey alien
13964:Anchimayen
13765:Water bull
13710:Shellycoat
13633:Peg Powler
13618:Nuckelavee
13593:Nain Rouge
13517:Leprechaun
13412:Hinzelmann
13317:Fear gorta
13312:Fear dearg
13284:Svartálfar
13244:Each-uisge
13209:Colt pixie
13199:Clurichaun
13189:Ceffyl Dŵr
13089:Bean nighe
13012:Fairy ring
13007:Fairy path
12997:Fairy fort
12939:Fairy tale
12924:Fairy-lock
12909:Changeling
12784:Freischütz
12661:Tannhäuser
12514:Hildebrand
12472:Gundomar I
12430:Friar Rush
12279:Tatzelwurm
12244:Rasselbock
12195:Nachzehrer
12188:Nachtkrapp
12160:Lutzelfrau
12069:Hinzelmann
12034:Frau Holle
11922:Christkind
11915:Changeling
11880:Belsnickel
11571:Lüthi, Max
11099:Biblos.com
10912:Roby, John
10842:Grimm 501.
10231:Hödekecken
9957:Loup-garou
9615:", p. 470.
9517:Table Talk
9512:Tischreden
9452:, No. 18 "
9309:: 425–426.
8966:Prateorius
8947:Thorpe 84.
8732:Wikisource
8371:Wyl (1909)
7714:, note to
7400:doll (Cf.
7333:Heldenbuch
7201:Butz, Putz
7194:Cf. Grimm
6935:"No. 430.
6872:Crailsheim
6831:Hudemühlen
6506:: 502, n3.
6486:(singular
6446:"Agricola"
5972:Simrock: "
5921:KoarW/7/15
5388:", p. xxii
5352:*Procubare
4403:References
4345:fire drake
3861:Frau Holle
3644:Heroes VII
3570:Der Kobold
3540:Paracelsus
3489:In culture
3483:Baltic Sea
3448:Baltic Sea
3231:Baltic Sea
3111:household
3046:Hildesheim
3021:Küchenbube
2978:hinzelmann
2962:loup-garou
2890:Luckenwald
2833:Dickepôten
2732:cocked hat
2690:Stapelholm
2685:Donnerloch
2304:hämmerlein
2258:Hitzelmann
2231:Prateorius
2165:Hinzelmann
2159:Hinzelmann
2106:Hildesheim
2096:Low German
1973:hypocorism
1971:See also:
1914:ragamuffin
1910:Teuschnitz
1856:, where a
1718:mandragora
1382:Kobold or
1199:Hinzelmann
873:, plural:
689:kuba-walda
619:Ur-origins
554:Diefenbach
218:Hildesheim
170:Paracelsus
139:Hinzelmann
100:Low German
16192:Superhero
16177:Mythology
16074:Lost city
15982:Halflings
15902:Shamanism
15897:Runecraft
15882:Evocation
15740:Magicians
15715:Dark lord
15700:Barbarian
15660:Skeletons
15583:Gargoyles
15561:Familiars
15521:Creatures
15257:Fantastic
15248:Magazines
15091:New weird
14896:Subgenres
14748:Elemental
14438:Black dog
14157:Korpokkur
14110:Huli jing
14054:Pukwudgie
14034:Nimerigar
13994:Encantado
13938:Tikoloshe
13918:Mami Wata
13898:Bultungin
13888:Asanbosam
13829:Worldwide
13790:Wirry-cow
13648:Púca/Pwca
13583:Morvarc'h
13472:Kilmoulis
13427:Hobgoblin
13367:Grindylow
13342:Gancanagh
13322:Fenodyree
13274:Huldufólk
13214:Cyhyraeth
13169:Bugul Noz
13002:Fairyland
12556:Lohengrin
12314:Wild Hunt
12104:Klagmuhme
11887:Bergmönch
11859:Aufhocker
11668:(1668) .
11623:(1899) .
11493:(1985) .
11354:"Kobolde"
11315:Leipzig:
11122:, p. 452.
11077:Redmantle
10984:Rose 181.
10890:(1980 ).
10817:(2004 ).
10540:"Kobold".
10304:(2004 ).
9732:", p. 53.
9380:No. 350 "
9323:(2005) .
9152:No. 350 "
8913:", p. 46.
8843:32. Mönch
8683:vermummen
8680:" Note:
8656:Grimm1875
8431:pilleatus
8273:Wolterken
8163:Possibly
7972:Kosenamen
7557:Oldenburg
7256:(1927). "
7216:(1878). "
6876:Franconia
6731:, p. 479.
6400:Nebenname
6368:Knapp 62.
5956:(1887) .
5918:, s.v.,"
5789:. p. 289.
5663:"Kap. 14"
5616:(2013) .
5315:, p. 163.
5197:Agricola
5164:(1657) .
4938:(1878). "
4408:Citations
4027:Berggeist
3800:Hütchen'.
3517:34:14 as
3479:Black Sea
3391:invective
3377:, French
3328:hobgoblin
3304:kabouters
3293:Parallels
3283:Maidstone
3275:Hödfellow
3268:Hödfellow
3203:enfeoffed
3142:Saterland
3093:Novelist
3071:Max Lüthi
2983:bumblebee
2905:Uckermark
2844:Although
2808:pilweisse
2718:Uckermark
2702:Pomerania
2485:Perleberg
2208:tatermann
2194:katermann
2128:Cat-shape
2086:Low Saxon
2039:hußnißken
2028:Wolterken
1967:Pet names
1935:Forms of
1878:schrezala
1863:schrezala
1837:Old Norse
1822:Carinthia
1772:Saterland
1741:tormentil
1612:scarecrow
1562:clergymen
1558:minstrels
1533:The term
1470:The term
1384:Hausgeist
1302:Chimmeken
1035:Hausgeist
967:Nebenform
708:Old Norse
636:Etymology
546:to gloss
449:neckische
437:However,
328:The name
249:flees to
227:Chimmeken
78:hausgeist
16237:Category
16131:Allegory
16007:Mermaids
15977:Gremlins
15942:Centaurs
15877:Egregore
15858:Schools
15825:Grimoire
15785:Elements
15757:Wild man
15677:Unicorns
15665:Vampires
15608:Werecats
15450:Fanspeak
15358:Crawford
15328:Podcasts
15041:Romantic
15024:Mythpunk
14955:Grimdark
14943:Bangsian
14809:Category
14799:See also
14778:Wild man
14679:Alberich
14549:Farfadet
14539:Dionysus
14529:Cercopes
14519:Basajaun
14512:Southern
14423:Aitvaras
14416:Northern
14402:Vodyanoy
14397:Vântoase
14387:Vadleany
14382:Ursitory
14377:Spiriduș
14372:Sânziană
14332:Kikimora
14327:Karzełek
14279:Wandjina
14244:Menehune
14208:Yakshini
14162:Mazzikin
14152:Kijimuna
14090:Dokkaebi
14044:Nûñnë'hï
13989:Curupira
13979:Chaneque
13974:Canotila
13952:Americas
13845:Succubus
13836:Bogeyman
13725:Spriggan
13705:Seonaidh
13563:Melusine
13497:Korrigan
13387:Habetrot
13377:Gwyllion
13357:Glashtyn
13352:Glaistig
13332:Finvarra
13234:Dullahan
13204:Coblynau
13194:Clíodhna
13179:Cat sìth
13174:Caoineag
13084:Barghest
12951:Familiar
12822:See also
12570:Nibelung
12486:Hannikel
12388:Brunhild
12321:Wild man
12258:Rübezahl
12146:Lindworm
12048:Heimchen
11985:Erdhenne
11901:Bogeyman
11894:Bieresel
11873:Beerwolf
11852:Askafroa
11838:Alberich
11755:(1852).
11739:(1846).
11701:(eds.).
11605:(1903).
11573:(1986).
11557:(1848).
11537:(1850).
11521:(1886).
11477:(1912).
11463:(1899).
11430:(1883).
11414:(1878).
11398:(1875).
11352:(1908).
11330:(1911).
11238:"Kobold"
11236:(2006).
11191:(1897).
11167:(1855).
11149:—
10944:(1933)
10920:khobalus
10914:(1829).
10878:, p. 54.
10757:", p. 15
10320:, p. 140
10263:outlawry
10250:killing
10102:, p. 479
10080:(1896).
10061:Chimmeke
10041:(1867).
9920:: 41–56.
9904:(1928).
9845:rötjaket
9631:: 1586;
9482:", apud
9297:(1849).
9135:(1883).
9063:"Kobold"
9038:"Kobold"
8748:(1828).
8715:(1826).
8688:einhüllt
8567:(1980).
8504:(1912).
8449:Filz-Hut
8420:pileatum
8269:(1587).
8214:(1862).
8178:Rübezahl
8057:(1826).
7942:(2016).
7842:(1838).
7827:Brückner
7810:"Skrzat"
7808:(1926).
7779:Hartungs
7090:(1867).
6896:(1816).
6790:village.
6788:Hartungs
6657:: 112ff.
6645:(1930).
6628:heugütel
6602:(1867).
6524:(1884).
6444:(1941).
6421:(1868).
6311:(1620)
6238:(1987).
6206:(2024).
6125:. s.v. "
5994:(1856).
5864:(1928).
5808:"Kobold"
5772:(2002).
5719:(1906).
5595:(2000).
5499:(1962).
5486:, p. 428
5410:(1901).
5359:(1867).
5271:(1690).
5124:(1912).
4913:heigidle
4908:heugütel
4756:Vogtland
4709:(eds.).
4646:. Köln:
4587:(2016).
4557:(eds.).
4470:(1868).
4426:(1895).
3798:No. 74
3709:See also
3406:coblynau
3199:Exorcism
3193:Köpenick
3163:Zwieback
3154:mandrake
2967:werewolf
2939:basilisk
2649:, where
2637:niss-puk
2375:napfhans
2235:Vogtland
2151:ed. Gask
2024:pet name
1814:Vogtland
1746:Blutwurz
1722:-dragora
1652:heugütel
1552:tatrmann
1543:Tatrmann
1488:pet name
1058:Subtypes
920:kabouter
902:(1737).
859:koba'los
820:tatrmann
782:Tatrmann
696:kofewalt
549:procubus
415:heugütel
189:Overview
168:, which
16273:Goblins
16263:Kobolds
16258:Fairies
16227:Outline
16124:Related
16002:Merfolk
15992:Kobolds
15972:Goblins
15957:Treants
15947:Dwarves
15917:Theurgy
15862:Alchemy
15794:neutral
15762:Witches
15705:Caveman
15670:Zombies
15655:Mummies
15625:Spirits
15576:Dragons
15571:Chimera
15556:Faeries
15373:Gemmell
15368:Gandalf
15323:Féeries
15292:Unknown
15172:Authors
15147:S&S
14887:Sources
14872:History
14773:Sandman
14701:Perchta
14696:Lorelei
14657:Western
14638:Thiasus
14623:Silenus
14574:Kobalos
14524:Centaur
14453:Haltija
14448:Gremlin
14367:Rusalka
14362:Psotnik
14357:Polevik
14352:Ovinnik
14317:Domovoy
14312:Căpcăun
14300:Eastern
14269:Taniwha
14227:Oceania
14125:Kitsune
14049:Pombero
14014:Ishigaq
13969:Caipora
13943:Yumboes
13923:Obayifo
13860:Mermaid
13855:Merfolk
13841:Incubus
13683:Skogsrå
13673:Radande
13663:Bergsrå
13482:Knucker
13477:Knocker
13432:Hödekin
13397:Haltija
13362:Groac'h
13327:Finfolk
13269:Erlking
13264:Elegast
13229:Duergar
13184:Cù Sìth
13164:Bugbear
13159:Buggane
13144:Brownie
13134:Boobrie
13124:Boggart
13109:Bluecap
13079:Banshee
12914:Elfshot
12880:Fairies
12458:Gunther
12223:Perchta
12202:Nis Puk
12153:Lorelei
12139:Krampus
12083:Irrwurz
12076:Hödekin
12006:Fänggen
11992:Erlking
11866:Bahkauv
11657:Dümeken
11195:(ed.).
11034:. p. 48
10833:, p. x.
10517:Kobbold
10478:(1895).
10271:Hüdeken
10233:as the
9704:2935696
9690:: 144.
9510:(1566)
9363:Grendel
9358:Beowulf
8774:(ed.).
8668:" ... "
8297:Nortorf
8277:Chimken
8025:(ed.).
7880:: 397;
7844:"SKŘET"
7601:: 1007.
7234:Grimm,
7120:No. 220
6900:(ed.).
6707:Poppele
6488:cobalus
6394:Grimms
6344:κόβαλος
6339:cobalus
6329:Grimm,
6278:cobalus
6266:kobalos
5451:penates
5414:(ed.).
5385:Quellen
5378:(1867)
5210:Grimm,
5176:Dæmonum
5171:possint
5062:Hutchen
5043:page A5
5005:penates
5001:cofgodu
4834:(ed.).
4211:in the
4143:Hödekin
4093:kräuzer
4075:Rufname
4006:cobalus
3920:cobalus
3903:sterile
3731:Niß Puk
3715:Gremlin
3585:Pumuckl
3548:Gütchen
3503:in his
3481:to the
3430:, 1885.
3402:knocker
3398:bluecap
3387:kobaloi
3364:brownie
3348:knocker
3336:brownie
3324:boggart
3317:dwarves
3299:goblins
3266:. —see
3264:biersal
3259:biersal
3088:Altmark
3054:Hüdeken
3050:Hüdeken
3035:Hüdeken
2971:unibrow
2888:, near
2886:Pechüle
2869:Altmark
2779:Chimgen
2647:Neß Puk
2609:hütchen
2595:Red cap
2335:poppele
2329:pophart
2317:poppele
2307:, etc.
2298:klopfer
2249:in the
2204:tom cat
2182:Reineke
2101:Hödekin
2091:hôdekin
2053:(1587)
2036:" and "
2033:chimken
2001:Joachim
1842:skratti
1828:cites.
1737:gentian
1589:poppele
1571:poppele
1516:Hütchen
1429:Niß-Puk
1419:Klopfer
1288:Niß-Puk
1227:Klopfer
1185:Hüdeken
1143:Poppele
929:cabolus
896:kobalos
876:Κόβαλοι
871:Κόβαλος
863:kobaloi
851:cobalus
794:Gaukler
786:juggler
758:boxwood
720:chubisi
671:kobwalt
585:penates
573:cofgodu
518:Penates
509:kobelte
485:hütchen
420:hayloft
393:kob/kof
374:, syn.
362:kobalos
355:κόβαλος
352:(Greek
350:cobalus
319:poppele
315:klopfer
284:Nis Puk
251:Hanover
207:hodekin
202:hütchen
132:Nis Puk
106:hodeken
94:hütchen
66:kobolde
62:kobolde
16283:Gnomes
16278:Pixies
16096:Castle
16057:Worlds
16052:Quests
16034:Trolls
16012:Mermen
15967:Gnomes
15962:Giants
15735:Heroes
15650:Liches
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15635:Undead
15598:Nymphs
15544:Ghouls
15539:Devils
15534:Demons
15529:Angels
15512:Tropes
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15433:Fandom
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