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instruments, and the extremities of these were like knives. On such occasions the elephant-driver rode upon them: and, when a man was thrown to them, they would wrap the trunk about him and toss him up, then take him with the teeth and throw him between their fore feet upon the breast, and do just as the driver should bid them, and according to the orders of the
Emperor. If the order was to cut him to pieces, the elephant would do so with his irons, and then throw the pieces among the assembled multitude: but if the order was to leave him, he would be left lying before the Emperor, until the skin should be taken off, and stuffed with hay, and the flesh given to the dogs.
699:... for the King never pardons theft, and orders a convicted thief to be executed instantly. The mode is as follows: two young trees are by main strength brought together at their summits, and there fastened with cords together. The culprit is then brought out, and his legs are tied with ropes, which are again carried up and: fixed to the top of the trees. The cords that force the trees together are then cut; and, in the elasticity and power of this spring, the body of the thief is torn asunder, and left thus to hang divided on each separate tree. The inflexibility of the King in this point has given to the roads a security, which, in former times, was little known.
59:
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636:
306:... they twitch the offender about the waist with a towell, enforcing him to draw up his breath by often pricking him in the body, until they have drawn him within the compasse of a span; then tying it hard, they cut him off in the middle, and setting the body on a hot plate of copper, which seareth the veines, they so up-propping him during their cruell pleasure: who not only retaineth his sense, but the faculties of discourse, until he be taken downe; and then he departeth in an instant.
490:
41:
166:)." According to these parameters, removing a whole hand would constitute dismemberment, while removing or damaging a finger would be mutilation; decapitation of a full head would be dismemberment, while removing or damaging a part of the face would be mutilation; and removing a whole torso would be dismemberment, while removing or damaging a breast or the organs contained within the torso would be mutilation.
560:
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days in the place of public execution and then placed upon a pike at the principal entrance to the city. One of his arms will be sent to
Tungasuca, where he was the cacique, and the other arm to the capital province of Carabaya, to be similarly displayed in those locations. His legs will be sent to Livitica and Santa Rosas in the provinces of Chumbivilcas and Lampa, respectively.
29:
294:
If a Turke should happen to kill another Turke ... he is brought forth to the market place, and a blocke being brought hither of foure foote high; the malefactor is stripd naked; and then layd thereupon with his belly downeward, they drawe in his middle together so small with running cords, that they
272:
One example of a highly aggravated execution is illustrated by the fate of
Bastian Karnhars on 16 July 1600. Karnhars was found guilty of 52 separate acts of murder, including the rape and murder of 8 women, and the murder of a child, whose heart he had allegedly eaten for rituals of black magic. To
514:
to four horses who will then be driven at once toward the four corners of the plaza, pulling the arms and legs from his body. The torso will then be taken to the hill overlooking the city ... where it will be burned in a bonfire ... Tupac Amaru's head will be sent to Tinta to be displayed for three
509:
by the
Spanish colonial authorities. The following is an extract from the official judicial death sentence issued by the Spanish authorities which condemns Túpac Amaru II to torture and death. It was ordered in the sentence that Túpac Amaru II be condemned to have his tongue cut out, after watching
264:
in 1567, a maverick knight in the Holy Roman Empire who was fond of making his own private wars and was thus condemned for treason, is also worthy of note. Gout-ridden, he was carried to the execution site in a chair and bound fast to a table. The executioner then ripped out his heart, and stuck it
732:
The governor immediately ordered that
Shamuna should be made to kneel down on one side and that an iron chain should be fastened on his knee. This having been done, he hung him up head downwards by the foot with which he had made him kneel; the other he pulled downwards with a heavy piece of iron,
651:(r. AD 270–275), who had a reputation for extreme strictness, instituted the rule that soldiers who seduced the wives of their hosts should have their legs fastened to two bent-down trees, which were then released, ripping the man in two. Similarly, in an unsuccessful rebellion against the emperor
446:
and could be effected, for example, by tying a person's limbs to chains or other restraints, then attaching the restraints to separate movable entities (e.g. vehicles) and moving them in opposite directions. Depending on the forces supplied by the horses or other entities, joints of the hips and
484:
Damiens' agony went on for hours as each torture was applied. When the horses failed to disconnect the sinews between his body and his limbs, his body, still alive, was quartered with a knife. His friend, the infamous
Casanova, reports that he "watched the dreadful sight for four hours". "I was
327:
the criminal is hung up by the heels, head downwards, from a ladder or between two posts, and the executioner hacks away with a sword, until the body is bisected lengthways, terminating at the head. The two severed halves are then suspended on a camel, and paraded through the streets, for the
197:
Upon a certain day, when I myself was present, some men were brought out who had been accused of having attempted the life of the Vizier. They were ordered, accordingly, to be thrown to the elephants, which had been taught to cut their victims to pieces. Their hoofs were cased with sharp iron
715:
Severianus was, about the year AD 300, martyred in the following way, according to one tale: One stone was fastened to his head, another bound to his feet. His middle was then fastened by a rope to the top of a wall, and the stones released from the height. His body was ripped apart.
603:
by the monk Jonas, does not support this claim. In paragraph 58 in his work, Jonas just writes: "but
Brunhilda he had placed first on a camel in mockery and so exhibited to all her enemies round about then she was bound to the tails of wild horses and thus perished wretchedly".
598:
horse (and then to die in some gruesome manner) is promoted, for example, by Ted
Byfield (2003), in which he writes: "Then they tied her to the tail of a wild horse; whipped into frenzy, it kicked her to death". The cited source for this claim, however, the seventh century
256:
the individual apart. In paragraph 124 of the same code, beheading prior to quartering is mentioned as allowable when extenuating circumstances are present, whereas aggravating circumstances may allow pinching/ripping the criminal with glowing pincers, prior to quartering.
188:
was a form of capital punishment practiced for several centuries. The techniques by which the convicted person was executed varied widely but did, on occasion, include the elephant dismembering the victim by means of sharp blades attached to its feet. The Muslim traveler
295:
strike his body a two with one blow: his hinder parts they cast to be eaten by hungry dogges kept for the same purpose; and the forequarters and head they throw into a grievous fire, made there for the same end – and this is the punishment for man-slaughter.
142:), arms, hands, torso, pelvic area, legs, or feet". Mutilation, by contrast, involves "the removal or irreparable disfigurement, by any means, of some smaller portion of one of those larger sections of a living or dead person. The latter would include
471:
He was condemned to be tortured with red-hot pincers on four limbs and on each breast. His wounds were to be sprinkled with molten lead and boiling oil and his body was then to be torn in pieces by four horses, the remains being subsequently
852:
German original "Zu der
Viertheylung: Durch seinen gantzen Leib zu vier stücken zu schnitten und zerhawen, und also zum todt gestrafft werden soll, und sollen solche viertheyl auff gemeyne vier wegstrassen offentlich gehangen und gesteckt
390:
by means of a fodder knife was a death penalty reserved for those who were seen to have done something particularly treacherous or repugnant. That practice of cutting in two did not originate in the Tang dynasty; in sources concerning the
409:
used from the 10th century until the early 20th century to punish heinous crimes such as treason. Often translated as "slow slicing" or "death by a thousand cuts," a knife was used to remove portions of the body until death.
138:, as these terms are commonly used interchangeably. They suggested that dismemberment involves "the entire removal, by any means, of a large section of the body of a living or dead person, specifically, the head (also termed
690:
The method of tying people to bent down trees, which are then allowed to recoil, ripping the individual to pieces in the process is, however, mentioned by several travelers to nineteenth century Persia. The
British diplomat
285:
In the seventeenth century, a number of travel reports speak of an exotic "Turkish" execution method, where first the waist of a man was constricted by ropes and cords, and then a swift bisection of the trunk was performed.
265:
in von Grumbach's face with the words: "von Grumbach! Behold your false heart!" Afterwards, the executioner quartered von Grumbach's body. His principal associate was given the same treatment, and an eyewitness stated that
111:, a distinction is made between offensive dismemberment, in which dismemberment is the primary objective of the dismemberer, and defensive dismemberment, in which the motivation is to destroy evidence.
1187:
866:
Hals- oder peinliche Gerichtsordnung Kaiser Carls V. und des H. Röm. Reichs nach der Originalausgabe vom J. 1533 auf das genaueste abgedruckt und mit der zweiten und dritten Ausgabe v. J. 1533 und 1534
455:
Also referred to as "disruption", dismemberment could be brought about by chaining four horses to the condemned's arms and legs, thus making them pull him apart, as was the case with the executions of
627:
was to affix the hands and feet to chains on four different ships. When the ships then sailed off in different directions, the chains grew taut, and the man in between was torn apart after a while.
244:
Concerning quartering: To cut and hack apart his entire body into four pieces, and thus be punished unto death, and such four parts are to be hanged on stakes publicly on four common thorough-fares.
543:) was dismemberment by tying the limbs and head to five carts led by horses or oxen, which would pull the body apart. It was a form of torture and execution used in ancient China from the
972:
A Relation of a Journey Begun an Dom. 1610. Foure Bookes Coutaining a Description of the Turkish Empire, of Aegypt, of the Holy Land, of the Remote Parts of Italt, and Islands Adjoyning
447:
shoulders were quickly dislocated, but ultimate severing of the tendons and ligaments in order to fully dismember the limbs would sometimes require assistance with cuts from a blade.
947:
The Totall Discourse, of the Rare Aduentures, and Painefull Peregrinations of Long Nineteene Yeares Trauayles from Scotland, to the Most Famous Kingdomes in Europe, Asia, and Affrica
733:
which cannot be described in words: thus endeavouring to rend the champion in two. By this means the socket of the hip-bone was wrenched out of its place and Shamuna became lame.
574:, executed in 613, is generally regarded to have suffered the same death, though one account has it that she was tied to the tail of a single horse and thus suffered more of a
1123:
Remnants of Chʻin Law: An Annotated Translation of the Chʻin Legal and Administrative Rules of the 3rd Century B.C. Discovered in Yün-meng Prefecture, Hu-pei Province, in 1975
273:
begin, Karnhars had three strips of flesh torn from his back, before being pinched 18 times with glowing pincers, having his fingers clipped off one by one, his arms and legs
996:
623:, a 17th-century Dutchman who meticulously collected reports from faraway countries from seamen and other travelers, a fairly frequent maritime death penalty among the
1957:
682:
The exact details of Bessus' death are disputed. He may have been crucified, or torn apart by recoiling trees, or (what is most likely) mutilated before being sent to
590:
ordered that she be lifted onto a camel and led through the entire army. Then she was tied to the feet of wild horses and torn apart limb from limb. Finally, she died.
1184:
476:
In the case of Damiens, he was condemned to essentially the same fate as Ravaillac, but the execution did not quite work according to plan, as the eyewitness
840:
328:
edification of all beholders. When the shekkeh is to be inflicted in a merciful manner, the culprit's head is struck off, previous to bisecting the trunk.
1055:
The Origin of the Roman Catholic Church in Korea: An Examination of Popular and Governmental Responses to Catholic Missions in the Late Chosôn Dynasty
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934:, who was executed in 1581 for 544 murders, including the murder of 24 women and their fetuses, the latter to be used in rituals of black magic.
1890:
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395:(206 BC – AD 220), no fewer than 33 cases of execution by cutting at the waist are mentioned, but occurs very rarely in earlier material.
802:
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Die Attribute der Heiligen, alphabetisch geordnet (etc.) Nebst einem Anh.: uber die Kleidung der kath. Welt- und Ordensgeistlichen
1962:
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travelled as a special envoy to the Shah in 1808, and Morier writes the following concerning then-prevailing criminal justice:
287:
993:
674:, claimed the throne as Artaxerxes V, but in 329 BC, Alexander had him executed. The manner of Bessus' death is disputed, and
1937:
119:
564:
207:
193:, visiting Delhi in the 1330s, has left the following eyewitness account of this particular type of execution by elephants:
1967:
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obliged to turn away my face and to stop my ears as I heard his piercing shrieks, half his body having been torn from him."
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Trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani
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302:, however, during the same period, tells of a method as no longer in use, in a rather more mythologized way:
229:
1442:
The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare: Volume 2, Rome from the Late Republic to the Late Empire
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1600:
1297:《三国志》：建衡二年，孙皓左夫人王氏卒。皓哀念过甚，朝夕哭临，数月不出，由是民间或谓皓死，讹言奋与上虞侯奉当有立者。奋母仲姬墓在豫章，豫章太守张俊疑其或然，扫除坟茔。皓闻之，车裂俊，夷三族，诛奋及其五子，国除。
766:
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to death has become a classical motif in artistic representations, as can be seen by the included image.
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Thus, the imperially approved way to dismember the convict within the Holy Roman Empire was by means of
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proposed formal criteria by which "dismemberment" might be systematically distinguished from the act of
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Some time thereafter, Shamuna was taken down from his hanging position, and was beheaded instead.
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A Journey Through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809
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99:, but can occur as a result of a traumatic accident, or in connection with murder, suicide, or
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803:"The Psychology of Corpse Dismemberment – The Motivation Behind the Most Grotesque of Crimes"
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The storyline of Brunhilda being tied to the tail of a single horse and being subsequently
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8:
1998:
1787:
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274:
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his heart had been ripped out, Chancellor Brück screamed horribly for "quite some time".
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Dismemberment is no longer used by most modern governments as a form of execution or
225:
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1988:
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127:
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in 1757. Ravaillac's extended torture and execution has been described like this:
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from a living or dead being. It has been practiced upon human beings as a form of
1922:
1839:
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864:
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340:
155:
582:, an eighth century chronicle, describes her death by dismemberment as follows:
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Medieval Sourcebook: The Life of St. Columban, by the Monk Jonas (7th Century)
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a Christian named Shamuna withstood being torn apart in the following manner:
670:, the Persian empire was thrown into turmoil, and Darius was killed. One man,
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Darkness Descends: A.D. 350 to 565, the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
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366:. This punishment was, for example, meted out to Hwang Sa-Yong in 1801.
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Roman military discipline could be extremely severe, and the emperor
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1157:历代刑法考 [Research on Judicial Punishments over the Dynasties]
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the executions of his family, and to have his hands and feet tied
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40:
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As late as in 1781, this gruesome punishment was meted out to the
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The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime
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is reported to have been used. Travelling as an official for the
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A Journal of Two Years' Travel in Persia, Ceylon, Etc, Volume 1
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671:
652:
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Dismemberment was a form of capital punishment for convicts of
147:
1058:. Norwalk, California: The Hermit Kingdom Press. p. 135.
1895:
315:
In 1850s Persia, a particular dismemberment technique called
62:
559:
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presents a comparatively prosaic description of the method:
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is the act of completely disconnecting and/or removing the
1958:
Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations
126:
In 2019, American psychiatrists and medical professionals
563:
Execution of Brunhilda, engraving by Paul Girardet after
16:
Completely removing the limbs from a living or dead being
930:
See also the 3-day long torture and execution method of
1439:
Sabin, Philip; van Wees, Hans; Whitby, Michael (2007).
830:(Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2019), pp. 83–84.
1445:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 439.
1417:
Umbstaendliche und eigentliche Beschreibung von Africa
1513:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 95.
1330:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 83.
1245:. Brighton: Book Guild Publishing. pp. 103–104.
1089:
China's Golden Age: Everyday Life in the Tang Dynasty
1275:
Latin American Independence: An Anthology of Sources
1438:
1273:Chambers, Sarah C.; Chasteen, John Charles (2010).
594:The story of Brunhilda being tied to the tail of a
343:was dismembered on the orders of Zakaria Khan, the
1359:
280:
1476:Ioannis Antiocheni fragmenta quae supersunt omnia
1185:Saudi Arabia chops off hand of Egyptian for theft
1039:Rise of the Sikh Power and Maharaja Ranjeet Singh
497:, who was dismembered by four horses 18 May 1781.
332:
240:dismemberment (quartering) should ideally occur:
1980:
1272:
1092:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 210.
426:is still carried out in countries that practice
179:
19:"Dismember" redirects here. For other uses, see
1479:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 374–375.
1018:. London: Wm. H. Allen and Company. p. 274
72:which was found during construction in 1978 in
892:Geschichte der Grumbachischen Händel, Volume 4
720:A Christian martyr withstands being torn apart
1608:
1566:Münchhausen, Albert F., Freiherr von (1843).
1207:France in the Age of Louis Xiii and Richelieu
277:, and finally, while still alive, quartered.
203:Quartering procedure in the Holy Roman Empire
76:. Its discovery led to the excavation of the
1582:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
895:. Jena: Friedrich Frommann. pp. 156–158
1565:
614:
378:is a Chinese variation invented during the
107:of limbs, dismemberment is often fatal. In
1615:
1601:
1277:. Indianapolis: Hackett. pp. 36, 37.
843:", transl. Lee, S, London 1829, pp. 146–47
630:
554:
1120:Hulsewé, Anthony François Paulus (1985).
350:of Lahore after failing to pay tribute.
1327:Women in Early Medieval Europe, 400–1100
1238:
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920:. Müllhausen: Martin Spiess. p. 648
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870:. Marburg: J.C. Krieger. pp. 91, 60
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323:Robert Binning describes it as follows:
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1963:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
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1420:. Amsterdam: J. von Meurs. p. 167
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1366:. Christian History Project. pp.
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724:During the reign of the Roman Emperor
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1041:. Michigan: Dhanpat Rai. p. 184.
826:Michael H. Stone & Gary Brucato.
438:Dismemberment was carried out in the
1968:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1547:. London: Longman Hurst. p. 204
1510:The Conquests of Alexander the Great
1242:The A to Z of Punishment and Torture
1153:
1085:
950:. London: Nicholas Okes. p. 153
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252:, rather than dismemberment through
779:, also known as gross dismemberment
388:truncation of the body at the waist
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565:Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux
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2010:
1891:Most recent executions by country
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1541:Morier, James Justinian (1812).
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95:, especially in connection with
1943:Religion and capital punishment
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975:. London: W. Barren. p. 63
863:Koch, Johann Christoph (1824).
281:Fabled Turkish execution method
234:Constitutio Criminalis Carolina
1572:. Hannover: Hahn. p. 171.
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333:Mughal Empire/Mughal–Sikh Wars
186:execution by trained elephants
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1886:Enforcement or use by country
1397:Internet History Sourcebooks,
1126:. Leyden: BRILL. p. 14.
1012:Binning, Robert B.M. (1857).
788:
362:in the Korean kingdom of the
180:Slicing to pieces by elephant
801:Persaud, Raj (8 June 2012).
184:Particularly in South Asia,
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1813:Hanged, drawn and quartered
889:Ortloff, Friedrich (1870).
767:Hanged, drawn and quartered
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10:
2015:
917:Neue Thüringische Chronica
841:The travels of Ibn Battuta
639:Martyr tied to two trees.
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32:15th-century depiction of
21:Dismember (disambiguation)
18:
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1690:
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1507:Heckel, Waldemar (2012).
1204:Tapié, Victor L. (1984).
1086:Benn, Charles D. (2002).
944:Lithgow, William (1632).
914:Becherer, Johann (1601).
580:Liber Historiae Francorum
103:. As opposed to surgical
1632:Current judicial methods
1239:Thompson, Irene (2008).
643:(Antonio Gallonio, 1591)
615:Torn apart by four ships
369:
353:
68:depicting a dismembered
1473:Mariev, Sergei (2008).
1414:Dapper, Olfert (1670).
1324:Bitel, Lisa M. (2002).
1052:Jai-Keun, Choi (2006).
969:Sandys, George (1615).
655:in AD 366, the usurper
631:Torn apart by two trees
555:Fate of Queen Brunhilda
465:Robert-François Damiens
1190:11 August 2010 at the
1037:Seetal, Sohan (1971).
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1358:Byfield, Ted (2003).
1162:Zhonghua Book Company
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1154:Shen, Jiaben (2006).
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662:After the defeat of
601:Life of St. Columban
262:Wilhelm von Grumbach
213:Tiradentes Quartered
130:, Gary Brucato, and
120:Sir Thomas Armstrong
1776:Republican marriage
1705:Damnatio ad bestias
994:Robert B.M. Binning
668:Alexander the Great
659:met the same fate.
537:traditional Chinese
275:broken on the wheel
1948:Wrongful execution
1860:Suffocation in ash
1716:Blowing from a gun
1624:Capital punishment
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529:simplified Chinese
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457:François Ravaillac
321:East India Company
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1994:Execution methods
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1953:Botched execution
1194:, 5 November 2007
547:period until the
493:The execution of
311:Shekkeh in Persia
226:Holy Roman Empire
118:The execution of
2006:
1662:Nitrogen hypoxia
1657:Lethal injection
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625:Barbary corsairs
542:
534:
478:Giacomo Casanova
461:Michał Piekarski
444:Early Modern era
376:Five Punishments
162:(removal of the
146:(removal of the
128:Michael H. Stone
36:being mutilated.
2014:
2013:
2009:
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1979:
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1938:List of methods
1923:Final statement
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341:Bhai Mani Singh
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576:dragging death
556:
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545:Warring States
521:
520:By five horses
518:
507:Túpac Amaru II
495:Túpac Amaru II
480:could relate:
452:
451:By four horses
449:
435:
432:
415:
412:
401:was a form of
386:(AD 618–907),
371:
368:
364:Joseon Dynasty
355:
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152:disembowelment
48:St. Hippolytus
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1667:Electrocution
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1237:Described in
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621:Olfert Dapper
619:According to
612:
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602:
597:
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589:
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581:
577:
573:
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505:rebel leader
504:
496:
491:
486:
481:
479:
473:
468:
466:
463:in 1620, and
462:
458:
448:
445:
441:
434:Tearing apart
431:
429:
425:
421:
411:
408:
404:
400:
396:
394:
389:
385:
382:. During the
381:
377:
367:
365:
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218:Pedro Américo
215:
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175:Cutting apart
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90:
86:
85:Dismemberment
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
54:
50:
49:
46:Martyrdom of
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1850:Slow slicing
1832:
1765:
1703:
1650:firing squad
1568:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1543:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1509:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1475:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1441:
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1416:
1408:
1399:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1361:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1326:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1274:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1241:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1206:
1199:
1180:
1156:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1122:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1088:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1054:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1014:
1007:
989:
977:. Retrieved
971:
964:
952:. Retrieved
946:
939:
922:. Retrieved
916:
909:
897:. Retrieved
891:
884:
872:. Retrieved
865:
858:
848:
835:
827:
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:
796:
772:Slow slicing
762:Decapitation
736:
731:
723:
707:
698:
689:
681:
661:
646:
640:
618:
608:
606:
600:
595:
593:
585:
569:
549:Tang Dynasty
524:
523:
513:
500:
483:
475:
470:
454:
437:
417:
397:
384:Tang dynasty
373:
360:high treason
357:
336:
326:
316:
314:
305:
298:
293:
284:
271:
266:
260:The fate of
259:
253:
249:
247:
243:
237:
223:
211:
196:
183:
154:(removal of
140:decapitation
125:
84:
83:
78:Templo Mayor
70:Coyolxauhqui
53:Dieric Bouts
45:
25:
1906:Executioner
1746:Crucifixion
1721:Brazen bull
1711:Blood eagle
1692:Ancient and
1672:Gas chamber
932:Peter Niers
807:HuffPost UK
752:Cannibalism
708:An obscure
414:Current use
393:Han dynasty
380:Qin dynasty
338:Sikh martyr
191:Ibn Battuta
132:Ann Burgess
109:criminology
101:cannibalism
74:Mexico City
34:Adoni-Bezek
1999:Amputation
1983:Categories
1870:Waist chop
1834:Mazzatello
1828:Ishikozume
1823:Impalement
1818:Immurement
1808:Guillotine
1756:Decimation
867:verglichen
839:Battuta, "
789:References
783:Waist chop
726:Diocletian
664:Darius III
586:Then King
428:Sharia law
424:amputation
144:castration
136:mutilation
105:amputation
66:stone disk
1928:Last meal
1901:Death row
1803:Gibbeting
1677:Beheading
1578:cite book
1322:Cited in
710:Christian
657:Procopius
459:in 1610,
422:, though
407:execution
230:Charles V
1933:Penology
1845:Scaphism
1783:Elephant
1771:Drowning
1751:Crushing
1645:Shooting
1551:24 March
1526:24 March
1492:24 March
1458:24 March
1383:24 March
1343:24 March
1311:vol. 259
1258:24 March
1223:24 March
1188:Archived
1139:24 March
1105:24 March
1071:24 March
1022:24 March
997:Archived
979:24 March
954:24 March
924:24 March
899:24 March
874:24 March
812:27 April
741:See also
684:Ecbatana
678:writes:
649:Aurelian
588:Chlothar
503:Peruvian
440:Medieval
348:Subahdar
232:'s 1532
228:emperor
97:regicide
1989:Torture
1855:Stoning
1798:Garrote
1793:Flaying
1788:Falling
1741:Burning
1726:Boiling
1696:methods
1682:Stoning
1640:Hanging
853:werden"
609:dragged
420:torture
403:torture
399:Lingchi
317:shekkeh
254:ripping
250:cutting
224:In the
170:History
160:flaying
158:), and
1840:Sawing
1736:Burial
1517:
1483:
1449:
1374:
1334:
1281:
1249:
1214:
1168:
1130:
1096:
1062:
713:martyr
672:Bessus
653:Valens
596:single
578:. The
570:Queen
539::
531::
525:Chēliè
472:burnt.
345:Mughal
220:(1893)
148:testes
1896:Crime
1424:2 May
370:China
354:Korea
267:after
238:every
89:limbs
63:Aztec
1911:list
1584:link
1553:2013
1528:2013
1515:ISBN
1494:2013
1481:ISBN
1460:2013
1447:ISBN
1426:2013
1385:2013
1372:ISBN
1345:2013
1332:ISBN
1279:ISBN
1260:2013
1247:ISBN
1225:2013
1212:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1141:2013
1128:ISBN
1107:2013
1094:ISBN
1073:2013
1060:ISBN
1024:2013
981:2013
956:2013
926:2013
901:2013
876:2013
814:2019
442:and
405:and
374:The
164:skin
44:The
1368:223
666:by
150:),
51:by
1985::
1580:}}
1576:{{
1370:.
1309:,
1164:.
805:.
551:.
541:車裂
535:;
533:车裂
430:.
216:,
1616:e
1609:t
1602:v
1586:)
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1530:.
1496:.
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1428:.
1412:*
1387:.
1347:.
1313:.
1287:.
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1227:.
1174:.
1143:.
1109:.
1075:.
1026:.
983:.
958:.
928:.
903:.
878:.
816:.
527:(
80:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
