158:, teacher, artist, and graphic designer; Hörður Torfason, musician and trubator; Illugi Jökulsson, author; Jón Hreiðar Erlendsson; Katrín Oddsdóttir, lawyer; Kristín Helga Gunnarsdóttir, author; Kristín Tómasdóttir, health consultant; Lárus Páll Birgisson, orderly; Lilja Mósesdóttir, economist; Pétur Tyrfingsson, psychologist; Ragnheiður Gestsdóttir, author; Ragnhildur Sigurðardóttir, historian; Sigurbjörg Árnadóttir, journalist; Sindri Viðarsson, historian; Stefán Jónsson, teacher and theatre director; Viðar Þorsteinsson, philosopher; Þorvaldur Gylfason, economist; Þráinn Bertelsson, author. Formal address by Ernesto Ordiss, and Óskar Ástþórsson, kindergarten teacher. Impromptu speakers were Birgir Þórarinsson, Sturla Jónsson, and Kolfinna Baldvinsdóttir.
425:
the country and an equal division between genders, to the extent possible". The
National Forum 2010 was initiated by the government on 6 November 2010 and had 950 random participants, organized in subcommisions, which would present a 700-page document that would be the basis for constitutional changes, which would debate a future Constitutional Assembly. The Forum 2010 came into being due to the efforts of both governing parties and the Anthill group. A seven-headed Constitutional Committee, appointed by the parliament, was charged with the supervision of the forum and the presentation of its results, while the organization and facilitation of the National Forum 2010 was done by the Anthill group that had organized the first Forum 2009.
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and social media. Soon after the crash, a crowd-sourcing company drew upon social media to prepare for a
National Meeting (Þjóðfundur) of 1,000 participants for outlining a new constitution. While the end result of this work remains unclear, and much depends on the formal, indirect democracy of the Parliament, it seems safe to say that the public has been sensitized to new avenues for democracy and alerted to potential signs of corruption.
150:
the government stepped down. Hörður led the protest from a stage near the front. Speakers, voices of the people (Icelandic: Raddir fólksins) were: Andri Snær
Magnason, author; Arndís Björnsdóttir, teacher; Björn Þorsteinsson, philosopher; Dagný Dimmblá, student; Einar Már Guðmundsson, writer; Gerður Kristný, writer; Gerður Pálmadóttir, business woman; Guðmundur Gunnarsson, president of
832:, writes that "Iceland's government was last night scrambling to avoid becoming the first administration to be ousted by the global financial crisis." He also writes that "The protesters have begun referring to their daily attempt to oust the government as a 'saucepan revolution', because of the noise-inducing pots and pans brought along to the protests."
441:
later invalidated the results of the election on 25 January 2011 following complaints about several faults in how the election was conducted, but the
Parliament decided that it was the way, and not the elects, that had been questioned, and also that those 25 elects would be a part of a Constitutional
835:
Eva Heiða Önnudóttir studied the demography of the protesters to see whether participants in the
Austurvöllur protests came from groups with greater histories of political participation and greater access to political resources than non-participants, but found that this was not a determining factor:
827:
yesterday, the people of
Iceland were starting the first revolution in the history of the republic. The word "revolution" might sound a bit of an overstatement, but given the calm temperament that usually prevails in Icelandic politics, the unfolding events represent, at the very least, a revolution
762:
The trial began in
Reykjavík on 5 March 2012. Geir Haarde was found guilty on one of four charges on 23 April 2012, for not holding cabinet meetings on important state matters. Landsdómur said Haarde would face no punishment, as this was a minor offence and the Icelandic State was ordered to pay all
364:
Taking its cue from nationwide protests and lobbying efforts by civil organisations, the new governing parties decided that
Iceland's citizens should be involved in creating a new constitution and started to debate a bill on 4 November 2009 about that purpose. Parallel to the protests and parliament
149:
staged a one-man protest in
October 2008. Hörður stood "out on Austurvöllur with an open microphone and invited people to speak". The following Saturday a more organised demonstration occurred, and participants established the Raddir fólksins. The group decided to stage a rally every Saturday until
851:
While the grassroots movement that overthrew the government after the crash remains disillusioned and disappointed, its impact should not be under-estimated. One important development in its wake, and an important emerging theme for further research, is a series of experiments with direct democracy
424:
On 16 June 2010 the
Constitutional Act was accepted by parliament and a new Forum was summoned. The Constitutional Act prescribed that the participants of the Forum had to be randomly sampled from the National Population Register, "with due regard to a reasonable distribution of participants across
396:
Fifteen hundred people were invited to participate in the assembly; of these, 1,200 were chosen at random from the national registry, while 300 were representatives of companies, institutions and other groups. Participants represented a cross section of Icelandic society, ranging in age from 18 to
219:
On 21 January 2009, the protests continued in Reykjavík, where the Prime Minister's car was pelted with snowballs, eggs and cans by demonstrators demanding his resignation. Government buildings were surrounded by a crowd of at least 3,000 people, pelting them with paint and eggs, and the crowd then
724:
After the referendum, new negotiations commenced. On 16 February 2011 the Icelandic parliament agreed to a repayment deal to pay back the full amount starting in 2016, finalising before 2046, with a fixed interest rate of 3%. The Icelandic president once again refused to sign the new deal on 20
450:
After the draft of the Constitution was presented on 29 July 2011, the Alþingi, the Icelandic parliament, finally agreed in a vote on 24 May 2012, with 35 in favor and 15 against, to organize an advisory referendum on the Constitutional Council's proposal for a new constitution no later than 20
253:
said that they tried to disperse a "hard core" of a "few hundred" with pepper spray before using the tear gas. Stefán also commented that the protests were expected to continue, and that this represented a new situation for Iceland.
2089:
249:. Around 2,000 protesters had surrounded the building since the day before and they hurled fireworks, shoes, toilet paper, rocks, and paving stones at the building and its police guard. Reykjavík police chief
89:
Protesters were calling for the resignation of government officials and for new elections to be held. The protests stopped for the most part with the resignation of the old government led by the right-wing
1963:
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was held on 9 April 2011 also resulting in "no" victory with a lesser percentage. After the referendum failed to pass, the British and Dutch governments said that they would take the case to the
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94:. A new left-wing government was formed after elections in late April 2009. It was supportive of the protestors and initiated a reform process that included the judicial prosecution before the
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his legal expenses. Haarde decided, as a matter of principle, to refer the whole case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg where it was eventually dismissed.
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and would not be a candidate in those elections, protesters continued to fill the streets, calling for a new political scene and for immediate elections; Haarde (
250:
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1967:
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October 2012. The only opposing parliament members were the former governing right party, the Independence Party. Also a proposed referendum on discontinuing
121:. After some legal problems, a Constitutional Council, which included those people, presented a Constitution Draft to the Iceland Parliament on 29 July 2011.
1997:
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argued the protests were part of a "new age of rebellion and riot" in Europe, in the background of similar protests caused by the financial crisis in
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Despite the announcement on 23 January 2009 of early Parliamentary elections (to be held on 25 April 2009) and the announcement of Prime Minister
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playing a strait-laced middle-aged protester struggling to express his indignation at the crisis and eventually coming up with a sign reading
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76:'s handling of the financial crisis. The protests intensified on 20 January 2009 with thousands of people protesting at the parliament (
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745:, but not the other ministers, on charges of negligence in office at a session on 28 September 2010. He would stand trial before the
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1401:
Lokaverkefni: "Ekta upplifun? : Orðin ekta og gervi skoðuð með tilliti til mannsins" eftir Auður Inez Sellgren 1990 – Skemman
879:
315:
69:
2385:""Búsáhaldabyltingin: Pólitískt jafnræði og þátttaka almennings í mótmælum – Rannsóknir í félagsvindum: Stjórnmálafræðideild", 12"
1309:
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1941:
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Valdimarsson, Omar R.; Lannin, Patrick; Klesty, Victoria; Moskwa, Wojciech; Pollard, Niklas; Jones, Matthew (21 January 2009).
113:
debt of their banks. From a complex and unique process, 25 common people, of no political party, were to be elected to form an
17:
3011:
2740:
2710:
2631:
2323:"The heat is on – Iceland's government is on the point of collapse as angry protesters stake out the parliament in Reykjavík"
2027:
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deliverance, citizens started to unite in grassroots-based think-tanks. A National Forum was organised on 14 November 2009 (
196:), with at least 20 people being arrested and 20 more needing medical attention for exposure to pepper spray. Demonstrators
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721:), was held on 6 March 2010. The referendum was resoundingly defeated, with 93% voting against and less than 2% in favor.
1674:
350:, which had been in power for 18 years until January 2009: it lost a third of its support and nine seats in the Althing.
2419:, ed. by E. Paul Durrenberger and Gisli Palsson (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2015), pp. xiii—xxix (p. xxvii).
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became prime minister. The three parties also agree to convene a constitutional assembly to discuss changes to the
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Council and thus the Constitutional change went on. On 29 July 2011 the draft was presented to the Parliament.
246:
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by some parliamentaries of the governing left coalition was rejected, with 34 votes against and 25 in favour.
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32:
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269:) announced on 26 January 2009 that he would hand in his resignation as PM shortly, after talks with the
2260:
751:, a special court to hear cases alleging misconduct in government office: it will be the first time the
689:
2521:
795:
319:
299:. There was no agreement on the question of an early referendum on prospective EU and euro membership.
270:
2119:
177:
This phrase soon came to be used in real-life placards and wider discourses surrounding the protests.
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792:, triggered by the police killing a teenager, but with deeper roots related to the financial crisis.
398:
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On 20 January 2009, the protests intensified into riots. Between 1,000 and 2,000 people clashed with
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296:
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118:
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485:
370:
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629:
497:
311:
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163:
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rather, participants were simply more likely to have a direct personal incentive to protest.
557:
73:
3029:
2415:
Gísli Pálsson and E. Paul Durrenberger, "Introduction: The Banality of Financial Evil", in
843:, which returned to power the parties most closely associated with Iceland's banking boom,
798:
professor Robert Wade said that Iceland's government would fall within the coming days and
146:
138:
8:
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The Social Democratic Alliance formed a new government on a minority coalition with the
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939:
844:
714:
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61:
1843:
3016:
1139:
1108:"The "Pots and Pans" protests and requirements for responsiveness of the authorities"
262:
134:
1949:
378:
27:
Movement protesting the Icelandic government's handling of the 2009 financial crisis
2208:
1404:
1129:
1119:
944:
741:
The Althing (Iceland's parliament) voted 33–30 to indict the former Prime Minister
346:, formed after the January 2009 protests, gained four seats. The big loser was the
2019:
2965:
2468:
706:
110:
1529:
1452:
1124:
1107:
421:(combined), respectively; 47% of the attendants were women, while 53% were men.
237:
2880:
2826:
2610:
2232:
2146:
1893:"Þjóðfundur 2010 – Fréttir – The main conclusions from the National Forum 2010"
1479:
870:
799:
1361:
3054:
2595:
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389:
citizen movements such as Anthill. The Forum would settle the ground for the
72:. There had been regular and growing protests since October 2008 against the
1134:
747:
212:
and snowballs at the building, and threw smoke bombs into its backyard. The
161:
The protests were a feature of the traditional New Year's Eve comedy revue,
95:
824:
815:
185:
2433:
What is actually going on in Iceland, 29 December 2012 by Baldur Bjarnason
418:
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83:
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924:
771:
742:
258:
201:
197:
181:
99:
1964:"Constitutional Assembly Elects Appointed to Council – Iceland Review O"
353:
216:
saw the local press refer to the event as the "Kitchenware Revolution".
1227:
730:
386:
213:
200:
and honked horns to disrupt the year's first meeting of Prime Minister
106:
1408:
224:
where one demonstrator climbed the walls and put up a sign that read "
2090:"Iceland to hold April referendum on overseas bank compensation plan"
776:
327:
1336:
86:. These were at the time the largest protests in Icelandic history.
2875:
785:
232:
2437:
864:
273:
on keeping the government intact had failed earlier the same day.
428:
374:
335:
307:
78:
2860:
List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession
781:
1814:
1557:
1222:
1220:
2116:"Iceland government says not threatened by referendum defeat"
1172:"Opposition attempts to call Iceland elections, bypassing PM"
813:
Eirikur Bergmann, an Icelandic political scientist, wrote in
2695:
2417:
Gambling Debt: Iceland's Rise and Fall in the Global Economy
129:
2061:
Iceland president triggers referendum on Icesave repayments
1217:
445:
209:
1370:
from the original on 15 December 2021 – via YouTube.
1312:. Thomson Financial News. 22 November 2008. Archived from
334:, both made gains and an overall majority of seats in the
2726:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
401:, with 73, 77, 89, 365 and 621 people attending from the
2092:. Monsters and Critics. 25 February 2011. Archived from
1553:
1551:
2292:"European leaders fear civil unrest over economic woes"
109:
were held to ask the citizens about whether to pay the
40:, seat of the Icelandic parliament, on 15 November 2008
2837:
National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession
2174:"Islands tidligere statsminister stilles for riksrett"
1675:"Iceland's Ruling Coalition Splits Following Protests"
2233:
Iceland ex-PM Haarde 'partly' guilty over 2008 crisis
2209:
Trial of Iceland ex-PM Haarde over 2008 crisis begins
1780:"Iceland's Social Democrats Want a Vote on EU in May"
1548:
1491:
1489:
1310:"Icelanders demand PM resignation, clash with police"
437:
of no political affiliation on 27 November 2010. The
354:
2009–2010: Citizen forums and constitutional changing
2382:
1615:
Gunnarsson, Valur; Lawless, Jill (22 January 2009).
1079:
Gunnarsson, Valur; Lawless, Jill (22 January 2009).
860:
208:. Some broke windows of the parliament house, threw
2354:"Iceland's coalition struggles to survive protests"
1913:
Act on a Constitutional Assembly, Interim Provision
1617:"UN: Myanmar, China pushed high 2008 disaster toll"
1039:
1037:
1035:
804:
European Centre for International Political Economy
705:There were several referendums to decide about the
145:Concerned with the state of the Icelandic economy,
2956:(Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Asia; 2009)
1486:
1014:"Icelandic lawmakers return to work amid protests"
828:in political activism." Valur Gunnarsson, also of
755:has convened since it was established in the 1905
1990:"Referendum to Be Held on Icelandic Constitution"
1614:
1498:"Protesters pelt car of Icelandic prime minister"
1112:Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration
1078:
393:and was streamed via the Internet to the public.
3052:
2764:
1644:"Protesters demand Iceland government quits now"
1560:"Iceland protests grow, premier vows to stay on"
1415:
1045:"Iceland protesters demand government step down"
1032:
725:February, calling for a new referendum. Thus, a
141:at the second weekly protest, on 18 October 2008
1673:Einarsdottir, Helga Kristin (26 January 2009).
1164:
1007:
1005:
2807:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
2672:Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight
1751:"Iceland to Convene Constitutional Parliament"
1199:"Icelandic government falls; asked to stay on"
964:
429:2010–2011: Constitutional Assembly and Council
2453:
2261:"New age of rebellion and riot stalks Europe"
2077:President IJsland tekent Icesave-akkoord niet
2049:IJslandse parlement stemt in met Icesave-deal
1445:
1156:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
1074:
1072:
1070:
261:that he was withdrawing from politics due to
226:Treason due to recklessness is still treason.
46:2009–2011 Icelandic financial crisis protests
2731:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
2252:
1672:
1582:
1276:
1002:
36:Some of the 6000 protesters in front of the
1477:Ian Parker, Letter from Reykjavík, "Lost,"
915:2011 United Kingdom anti-austerity protests
885:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
700:
453:the accession talks with the European Union
288:, which was sworn in on 1 February. Former
2868:
2822:Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009
2746:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
2460:
2446:
2351:
2289:
1728:, IceNews, 31 January 2009, archived from
1701:, IceNews, 27 January 2009, archived from
1641:
1522:
1495:
1382:"Helvítis fokking fokk á forsíðu Hrunsins"
1105:
1067:
1011:
3002:Effects of the Great Recession on museums
2832:Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
2716:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
2012:
1592:(in Icelandic). mbl.is. 22 January 2009.
1133:
1123:
192:, around the building of the parliament (
130:2008–2009: Protests and government change
2696:Government policy and spending responses
2662:Government National Mortgage Association
2320:
2246:"HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights"
1725:No new Icelandic government this weekend
1698:New Iceland government under negotiation
1398:
1363:Jón Gnarr – Helvítis Fokking Fokk !
967:"Iceland Turns Left and Edges Toward EU"
847:and E. Paul Durrenberger concluded that
806:compared the current situation with the
446:2012: Referendum on the new constitution
360:Icelandic constitutional reform, 2010–13
167:, in 2008. The sketches included one of
133:
31:
2756:2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package
1337:"Raddir Fólksins » Ávörp og ræður"
1106:Önnudóttir, Eva H. (19 December 2016).
999:, 2010. Reaktion Books, London. p. 265.
14:
3053:
1423:"Iceland's capital rocked by protests"
1399:Sellgren, Auður Inez (December 2014).
1257:from the original on 29 September 2020
1196:
1081:"Icelandic police tear gas protesters"
2741:Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program
2711:Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008
2694:
2632:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2441:
2352:Gunnarsson, Valur (22 January 2009).
2321:Bergmann, Eirikur (21 January 2009).
2271:from the original on 27 February 2009
2258:
1496:Waterfield, Bruno (21 January 2009).
1012:Gunnarsson, Valur (21 January 2009).
841:2013 Icelandic parliamentary election
2627:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
2364:from the original on 25 January 2009
2333:from the original on 24 January 2009
2142:"Iceland's Former PM Taken to Court"
2118:. MSN. 11 April 2011. Archived from
2030:from the original on 21 January 2010
2020:"Icesave referendum set for 6 March"
1654:from the original on 2 February 2009
1596:from the original on 22 January 2009
1570:from the original on 22 January 2009
1536:from the original on 22 January 2009
1510:from the original on 23 January 2009
1459:from the original on 24 January 2009
1248:
1205:from the original on 29 January 2009
1178:from the original on 24 January 2009
1055:from the original on 3 February 2009
905:2011 Israeli social justice protests
880:2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
3086:Riots and civil disorder in Iceland
2917:Collateralized mortgage obligations
2467:
2186:. 28 September 2010. Archived from
2150:. 28 September 2010. Archived from
1966:. Icelandreview.com. Archived from
1924:"Kosning til stjórnlagaþings ógild"
1642:McLaughlin, Kim (24 January 2009).
819:that "While Barack Obama was being
24:
1869:"Act on a Constitutional Assembly"
1844:"Iceland announces early election"
1619:. Associated Press. Archived from
1530:"Protesters pelt Iceland PM's car"
1279:"Iceland has an unlikely new hero"
1251:"We need far more radical changes"
1083:. Associated Press. Archived from
1016:. Associated Press. Archived from
25:
3102:
3012:2007–2008 world food price crisis
2812:Chinese economic stimulus program
2797:2008 European Union stimulus plan
2721:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
2426:
2290:O'neil, Peter (23 January 2009).
1881:from the original on 28 May 2022.
1817:, 23 January 2009, archived from
1786:, 27 January 2009, archived from
1757:, 30 January 2009, archived from
1453:"Icelanders held over angry demo"
1429:. 20 January 2009. Archived from
373:), in the form of an assembly of
115:Icelandic Constitutional Assembly
3040:List of countries by public debt
2667:National Asset Management Agency
2390:. pp. 36–44. Archived from
2259:Boyes, Roger (22 January 2009).
1277:Henley, John (1 December 2008).
1230:. Stjornlagarad.is. 29 July 2011
965:Leigh Phillips (27 April 2009).
863:
719:Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla um Icesave
709:Icelandic bank debts. The first
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
568:
556:
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532:
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
460:
330:government under Prime Minister
245:), the first such use since the
231:On 22 January 2009, police used
3076:2011 in international relations
2995:2008 Central Asia energy crisis
2912:Collateralized debt obligations
2409:
2376:
2345:
2314:
2283:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
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2134:
2108:
2082:
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2054:
2042:
1982:
1956:
1934:
1916:
1907:
1885:
1861:
1836:
1810:Kosningar 9. maí og Geir hættir
1801:
1772:
1743:
1716:
1689:
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1635:
1608:
1471:
1392:
1374:
1354:
1329:
1302:
1270:
1242:
1197:Nyberg, Per (26 January 2009).
1174:. icenews.is. 22 January 2009.
910:Spanish 15M Indignants movement
895:15 October 2011 global protests
312:strong pressure from the public
68:), occurred in the wake of the
2802:2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence
2647:Federal Housing Finance Agency
2642:Federal Housing Administration
2182:(in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway.
1590:"Táragasi beitt á Austurvelli"
1228:"Stjórnlagaráð 2011 – English"
1190:
1099:
989:
958:
13:
1:
3091:January 2009 events in Europe
2817:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
2751:Troubled Asset Relief Program
2677:Office of Financial Stability
2652:Federal Housing Finance Board
2586:Société Générale trading loss
2383:Eva Heiða Önnudóttir (2011).
951:
766:
433:The process continued in the
342:also made gains, and the new
156:Halldóra Guðrún Ísleifsdóttir
124:
2736:Irish emergency budget, 2009
1648:International Herald Tribune
920:2012 Quebec student protests
391:2011 Constitutional Assembly
338:(Iceland's parliament). The
326:, which formed the outgoing
241:(the square in front of the
228:" No arrests were reported.
7:
2223:23 April 2012 (Broken link)
1427:Radio Netherlands Worldwide
1125:10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.1
856:
839:Writing in the wake of the
736:
310:on 25 April 2009 following
10:
3107:
3035:2007–2008 financial crisis
2927:Mortgage-backed securities
2538:Automotive industry crisis
1128:(inactive 18 April 2024).
796:London School of Economics
357:
320:Social Democratic Alliance
316:Icelandic financial crisis
280:, with the support of the
271:Social Democratic Alliance
70:Icelandic financial crisis
48:, also referred to as the
3025:
2982:
2940:
2932:Secondary mortgage market
2897:
2853:rescues, and acquisitions
2851:Government interventions,
2850:
2842:Zero interest-rate policy
2789:
2701:
2690:
2619:
2566:
2553:Housing market correction
2530:
2475:
2235:, BBC News, 23 April 2012
930:Impact of the Arab Spring
808:French Revolution of 1789
399:constituencies of Iceland
152:Writers' Union of Iceland
98:of former Prime Minister
2950:(United States; c. 2009)
2682:UK Financial Investments
2567:Banking losses and fraud
2558:Subprime mortgage crisis
2543:California budget crisis
2211:, BBC News, 5 March 2012
1532:. BBC. 21 January 2009.
1455:. BBC. 21 January 2009.
1249:Alda (4 February 2009).
890:2010–2011 Greek protests
701:Banking debt referendums
439:Supreme Court of Iceland
397:88 and spanning all six
58:Pots and Pans Revolution
2968:(worldwide; 2011–2012)
2907:Auction rate securities
2637:Federal Home Loan Banks
2079:nu.nl, 20 February 2011
2051:nu.nl, 16 February 2011
971:Bloomberg Business Week
290:Social Affairs Minister
174:Helvítis fokking fokk!!
119:Constitution of Iceland
117:that would write a new
2657:Federal Reserve System
2531:United States-specific
1483:, 9 March 2009, p. 39.
854:
802:of the Brussels-based
790:civil unrest in Greece
332:Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
304:parliamentary election
293:Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
247:1949 anti-NATO protest
235:to disperse people on
142:
41:
18:Kitchenware Revolution
3007:Decline of newspapers
2954:2009 May Day protests
2900:and financial markets
2790:Stimulus and recovery
2221:National Public Radio
2147:Iceland Review Online
1942:"Hæstiréttur Íslands"
995:Magnússon, Sigurdur:
900:2011 Chilean protests
849:
435:election of 25 people
137:
35:
3030:European debt crisis
2922:Credit default swaps
2898:Securities involved
2704:stability and reform
1895:. Thjodfundur2010.is
1285:. UK. Archived from
997:Wasteland With Words
214:use of pots and pans
74:Icelandic government
3081:Protests in Iceland
2990:2000s energy crisis
2702:Banking and finance
2620:Government entities
2096:on 27 February 2011
2026:. 19 January 2010.
1970:on 28 February 2011
1952:on 22 January 2016.
1790:on 17 February 2012
1761:on 23 February 2009
1341:raddirfolksins.info
1051:. 20 January 2009.
324:Left-Green Movement
314:as a result of the
278:Left-Green Movement
2972:Occupy Wall Street
2948:Tea Party protests
2606:Scott W. Rothstein
2302:on 31 January 2009
2063:by Julia Kollewe,
1705:on 27 October 2012
1623:on 31 January 2009
1433:on 23 January 2009
1366:. 1 January 2009.
1289:on 3 February 2009
1087:on 31 January 2009
1020:on 31 January 2009
940:Occupy Wall Street
711:Icesave referendum
348:Independence Party
344:Citizens' Movement
267:Independence Party
220:moved towards the
143:
92:Independence Party
66:Búsáhaldabyltingin
42:
3048:
3047:
3017:Retail apocalypse
2962:(MENA; 2010–2012)
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2785:
2784:
2765:Bank stress tests
2190:on 1 October 2010
1850:, 23 January 2009
935:"Occupy" protests
821:sworn into office
727:second referendum
340:Progressive Party
282:Progressive Party
263:esophageal cancer
54:Kitchen Implement
16:(Redirected from
3098:
2941:Social responses
2866:
2865:
2762:
2761:
2692:
2691:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2298:. Archived from
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2154:on 25 March 2011
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2067:20 February 2011
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1996:. Archived from
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1948:. Archived from
1938:
1932:
1931:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1874:. 16 June 2010.
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1821:on 9 August 2011
1805:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1747:
1741:
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1737:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:on 31 March 2009
1306:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1147:
1137:
1135:20.500.11815/230
1127:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1076:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1009:
1000:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
973:. Archived from
962:
945:Protests of 1968
873:
868:
867:
692:
680:
668:
656:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
584:
572:
560:
551:31 December 2008
548:
539:20 December 2008
536:
527:13 December 2008
524:
512:
503:22 November 2008
500:
491:15 November 2008
488:
476:
464:
385:, by a group of
377:citizens at the
251:Stefán Eiríksson
21:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3061:2009 in Iceland
3051:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3021:
2978:
2966:Occupy movement
2936:
2899:
2885:
2864:
2852:
2846:
2781:
2760:
2703:
2697:
2686:
2615:
2562:
2526:
2471:
2469:Great Recession
2466:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2397:on 4 March 2016
2394:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2122:on 4 April 2020
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
2000:on 18 June 2012
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1946:haestirettur.is
1940:
1939:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1824:
1822:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1556:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1528:
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1513:
1511:
1494:
1487:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1451:
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1446:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1292:
1290:
1275:
1271:
1260:
1258:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1077:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1010:
1003:
994:
990:
980:
978:
977:on 23 July 2013
963:
959:
954:
949:
869:
862:
859:
769:
739:
731:European courts
703:
696:
695:31 January 2009
693:
684:
683:26 January 2009
681:
672:
671:24 January 2009
669:
660:
659:24 January 2009
657:
648:
647:21 January 2009
645:
636:
635:21 January 2009
633:
624:
623:20 January 2009
621:
612:
611:20 January 2009
609:
600:
599:17 January 2009
597:
588:
587:10 January 2009
585:
576:
573:
564:
561:
552:
549:
540:
537:
528:
525:
516:
515:1 December 2008
513:
504:
501:
492:
489:
480:
479:8 November 2008
477:
468:
467:18 October 2008
465:
448:
431:
371:Þjóðfundur 2009
362:
356:
147:Hörður Torfason
139:Hörður Torfason
132:
127:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2986:
2984:
2983:Related topics
2980:
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2895:
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2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2881:General Motors
2878:
2872:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2827:Green New Deal
2824:
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2804:
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2649:
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2639:
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2629:
2623:
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2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2611:Allen Stanford
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Housing bubble
2545:
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2534:
2532:
2528:
2527:
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2507:
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2435:
2428:
2427:External links
2425:
2422:
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2408:
2375:
2344:
2313:
2296:Ottawa Citizen
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2201:
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2107:
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2011:
1994:Iceland Review
1981:
1955:
1933:
1915:
1906:
1884:
1860:
1835:
1832:(in Icelandic)
1800:
1784:Iceland Review
1771:
1755:Iceland Review
1742:
1732:on 13 May 2012
1715:
1688:
1665:
1634:
1607:
1581:
1547:
1521:
1485:
1480:The New Yorker
1470:
1444:
1414:
1391:
1388:. 5 June 2009.
1373:
1353:
1328:
1326:31 March 2009.
1301:
1299:31 March 2009.
1269:
1267:31 March 2009.
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1118:(2): 195–214.
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871:Society portal
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379:Laugardalshöll
355:
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164:Áramótaskaupið
131:
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26:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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3092:
3089:
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3066:2009 protests
3064:
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2609:
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2599:
2597:
2596:Bernie Madoff
2594:
2592:
2591:Forex scandal
2589:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2574:Libor scandal
2572:
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2601:Tom Petters
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2179:Aftenposten
1677:. Bloomberg
1261:28 November
925:Arab Spring
772:Roger Boyes
743:Geir Haarde
259:Geir Haarde
202:Geir Haarde
198:banged pots
184:, who used
182:riot police
107:referendums
100:Geir Haarde
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3071:2009 riots
3055:Categories
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1409:1946/22190
1403:(Thesis).
1234:18 October
1209:31 January
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1024:22 January
981:20 October
952:References
767:Commentary
753:Landsdómur
748:Landsdómur
387:grassroots
358:See also:
125:Chronology
96:Landsdómur
2579:Tom Hayes
2476:By region
2265:The Times
1346:7 October
1144:1670-679X
777:The Times
715:Icelandic
419:Reykjavík
415:Southwest
407:Northeast
403:Northwest
383:Reykjavík
375:Icelandic
367:Icelandic
328:coalition
169:Jón Gnarr
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62:Icelandic
2876:Chrysler
2488:Americas
2362:Archived
2331:Archived
2269:Archived
2126:11 April
2100:12 April
2028:Archived
2024:BBC News
1876:Archived
1848:BBC News
1652:Archived
1594:Archived
1568:Archived
1534:Archived
1508:Archived
1457:Archived
1386:visir.is
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788:and the
786:Bulgaria
737:PM trial
322:and the
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233:tear gas
204:and the
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2522:Oceania
2515:Iceland
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308:Iceland
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