812:
619:
880:
297:
175:
283:
970:
771:. Names of peasants have not survived, but they were probably best represented. On the official agenda presented by Keith were mostly daily proceedings, but Russians also assured to nominate only local officials and improve usage of the Finnish language in the domestic administration. Encouraged by Russians' earlier promises of independence, friendly occupation and their own apparent willingness to seize the moment, Finns presented the general with the decision to ask
73:
32:
530:
505:
674:
828:
Events were however developing at a fast pace. Russian troops had taken over
Finland with much ease, and Elizabeth decided to make Duke Charles Peter her own heir to the Imperial throne, as she was without an heir apparent herself. The Swedish parliament was unaware of this, and when their envoy
930:
According to biographical account collected by Dr. Paaskoski (pages 101–102), Johannes
Balthasar von Campenhausen (1689-1758) was between 1742 and 1744 the Governor-General of (the occupied) Finland and as successor of James Keith, held the position of leader of civil administration of Finland,
946:
According to Sjöström (pp 540–541), from 1743 to 1917, Old
Finland (and other territories with which it merged), was governed as a separate territory with its own administration, law system, governance and constitution, in many aspects similar to the principalities of Germany. The hereditary
641:
It has been described of
Charles Peter of Gottorp that he identified himself with his Swedish heritage and that even afterwards, living in St. Petersburg, would have liked to make his own environment and lands to resemble Scandinavia. In the imperial court of St. Petersburg, he grew up in a
898:
in 1742 had no consequences after the
Russian occupation ended the following year. Elizabeth's new candidate was elected as the next King of Sweden, and some Finnish territory was ceded to Russia. However, the events clearly resemble what happened seventy years later in the
634:, Ulrika Eleonora's only brother and predecessor on the throne. Even though he was just a 14-year-old Scandinavian German who had never even been to Sweden, he was very popular among the peasantry, in Finland especially for the fact that he was also the nephew of Empress
779:
reached that decision as no official records of the meeting have survived, but from
Russians' internal correspondence it seems evident that it was on the Finns' initiative. Preparations to form a delegation to present the Empress with the request started.
926:
among other points of law to support their position in that lawsuit. This implies that the 1742 manifest and the "statehood" of the ephemeral 1742 kingdom were still regarded as part of the fundamental rights in the
Russian-held Old Finland.
656:
By July 1742, Russia had occupied all of
Finland, meeting almost no resistance at all due to ineffective Swedish military command and forces, and that month a group of Finnish peasants pleaded with the Russians to make the duke the King of
859:
Long unaware of the procedures elsewhere, the
Finnish delegation was still only preparing for its trip to Saint Petersburg, when the word of Elizabeth's new mood reached them. Russians effectively stopped the process there, and the Diet
851:
According to Sjöström (pp 540–541) the Swedes managed to repossess much of
Finland in the Treaty of Turku. Elisabeth and Kaarle Petteri Ulrik kept the Finnish lands east of the River Kymi. Those lands were later known as
921:
Häkkinen and Sippu (pages 84–85) mention that still in the 1790s, certain farmers of the villages of Liikkala, Mämmälä and Ruotila in Old Finland, lodged a claim in court where they pleaded certain provisions of the
576:, who later became heir to the throne of Russia and Emperor as Peter III, as the King of Finland. However, the political situation had outgrown the idea of Finnish independence, which quickly evaporated.
868:
783:
According to Sjöström (pp 540–541) Keith summoned the Diet of Finland to convene in October 1742 at Turku, Finland. This Diet soon proclaimed duke Kaarle Petteri Ulrik as King of Finland.
923:
816:
955:
1092:
653:— with a declaration (Manifest of Empress Elisabeth to Finnish People) wherein she promised to make Finland independent if they did not resist her troops.
1087:
626:
Duke Charles Peter of Holstein-Gottorp was the closest living relative (grand-nephew) and the natural heir of the recently deceased, childless Queen
811:
918:
Sjöström (pp 540–541) mentions that those lands of “Old Finland” were in a sense the surviving continuation of the Kingdom of Finland from 1742.
649:
probably toyed with the idea of making a buffer state in between Sweden and Russia. Empress Elizabeth presented Finns — then still a part of the
804:
I was without an heir apparent, the Swedish estates decided to use the future crown in negotiations, also selecting the same Duke as the next
867:
In late 1742, general Keith was succeeded in the leadership of civil administration of Finland (based at Turku) by the new Governor-General,
90:
45:
883:
Imperial High Chamberlain, Baron Johannes Balthasar von Campenhausen (1689-1758), 1742-1744 Governor-General of the Kingdom of Finland
864:
representatives left for their homes. Most probably the duke never got to know about his election to the ephemeral throne of Finland.
296:
137:
829:
arrived in Saint Petersburg, it was too late. The underage Charles Peter's succession rights to Sweden were renounced on his behalf.
109:
1102:
1097:
116:
1077:
1040:
Sjöström (2011), "Y-DNA and records of medieval land inheritance in Rolandh and Tepponen lineages of Vehkalahti, Finland",
943:
under himself. Swedish law and administrative practices were employed in the administration organized by von Campenhausen.
282:
123:
954:
The sovereigns apparently displayed their claim to the Kingdom in a heraldic way: Since 1788, the Arms of Old Finland (
646:
1029:
569:
236:
218:
196:
156:
59:
189:
105:
772:
573:
94:
51:
832:
New negotiations were thus opened, and Elizabeth agreed to restore the greater part of Finland if her cousin,
711:
436:
1112:
1072:
939:, in the Old Finland. By the year 1744, Governor-General von Campenhausen organized the administration of
618:
1107:
891:
generated some plans to rebel against the Russian occupation, but no actions came of these sentiments.
821:
685:
677:
879:
1050:
Jyrki Paaskoski (2003), biography of baron Johannes Balthasar von Campenhausen (1689-1758), entry in
998:
833:
130:
20:
1082:
382:
183:
688:, a Scottish mercenary responsible for the occupying Russian forces in the south, called for the
83:
788:
200:
912:
908:
801:
631:
464:
689:
8:
988:
947:
monarchical ruler of these territories was always a member of the family of the dukes of
635:
401:
1053:
697:
596:
935:
of 1743, Governor-General Johannes Balthasar von Campenhausen transferred his seat to
1025:
993:
969:
841:
693:
650:
1047:
Veli Häkkinen and Seppo Sippu (2000), "Mämmälän kylän talot ja suvut", Vammala 2000.
959:
345:
341:
337:
327:
323:
319:
264:
845:
932:
627:
796:, trying to find a way out of the military and political situation generated by
983:
963:
904:
805:
764:
600:
1057:, part 2 (National Encyclopedia of Biography of Finland), 2003, pages 101–102.
1066:
476:
936:
797:
940:
900:
853:
752:
723:
355:
604:
793:
730:
to discuss matters important for the "cities and the whole country".
572:
and vague promises of making Finland independent, Finns elected the
72:
837:
735:
727:
715:
630:(died 1741), and similarly the grand-nephew of the childless King
584:
471:
375:
948:
748:
702:
580:
565:
548:
362:
817:
The Empress Elizabeth of Russia on Horseback, Attended by a Page
756:
744:
719:
592:
588:
552:
523:
510:
680:
was a Scottish mercenary in the service of Russia and Prussia.
1020:
Most of the factual information in this article derives from
760:
740:
707:
307:
907:
and swearing their oaths of loyalty to the Russian Emperor
903:, which ended up with the Finnish estates gathering in the
768:
733:
Known representatives that showed up in the city were e.g.
607:
645:
When the Russian counter-offensive started in March 1742,
673:
915:. Alexander was the grandson of the Duke Charles Peter.
739:
i.e. barons Henrik Rehbinder and Johannes Gripenberg,
775:to be the King of Finland. It is not known how the
97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
642:specifically "Holsteinian" separate sub-culture.
1064:
1042:Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
887:Disappointment in the results of the Turku Diet
710:(Ă…bo) on 8 (or 18) October 1742. Each city and
622:Duke Charles Peter, proclaimed King of Finland
1093:States and territories disestablished in 1743
1044:, volume 3 issue 6 (July 2011) pages 527..563
1016:
1014:
638:and could thus ensure a more enduring peace.
256:
564:is a little-known chapter in the history of
19:For the later kingdom of the same name, see
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1088:States and territories established in 1742
1011:
692:of southwestern Finland — roughly today's
568:. After the Russian occupation during the
295:
973:The Coat of Arms 1788–1811 of Old Finland
894:In general, the events of the Turku Diet
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
968:
931:firstly at Turku. As consequence of the
878:
820:, circa 1740s, in the collection of the
810:
672:
664:
617:
182:This article includes a list of general
1065:
800:' hasty and ill-advised war. As King
168:
95:adding citations to reliable sources
66:
25:
869:Johannes Balthasar von Campenhausen
13:
924:1742 Manifest of Empress Elisabeth
599:. It gained independence from the
315:Recognised regional languages
188:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1124:
844:, thus concluding the war by the
41:This article has multiple issues.
528:
503:
281:
173:
71:
30:
840:, was elected successor to the
82:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
962:under "the protection of" the
773:Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp
574:Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp
106:"Kingdom of Finland" 1742
1:
1103:Former unrecognized countries
1098:1742 establishments in Europe
1024:, part IV. Weilin+Göös 1986.
1004:
613:
570:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
874:
7:
1078:Former monarchies of Europe
977:
10:
1129:
822:Metropolitan Museum of Art
792:of Sweden had gathered in
562:Kingdom of Finland in 1742
18:
999:Kingdom of Finland (1918)
544:
482:
470:
460:
456:
446:
433:
423:
419:
411:
407:
395:
391:
381:
371:
361:
351:
333:
313:
303:
294:
278:
273:
251:
21:Kingdom of Finland (1918)
848:Turku on 7 August 1743.
560:The attempt to create a
203:more precise citations.
974:
956:Governorate of Finland
884:
825:
786:At the same time, the
681:
623:
448:• Disestablished
257:
972:
913:Grand Duke of Finland
882:
814:
714:was to send one from
706:(Diet of Finland) in
676:
632:Charles XII of Sweden
621:
465:Eastern European Time
334:Common languages
647:Chancellor Bestuzhev
258:Suomen kuningaskunta
91:improve this article
1113:Peter III of Russia
1073:Monarchy of Finland
989:Monarchy of Finland
636:Elizabeth of Russia
425:• Established
1054:Kansallisbiografia
975:
885:
826:
682:
624:
597:Russian Federation
583:is an independent
253:Kingdom of Finland
16:Historical kingdom
1108:Former monarchies
994:Anjala conspiracy
694:Southwest Finland
651:Kingdom of Sweden
558:
557:
540:
539:
536:
535:
516:
515:
437:Russo-Swedish War
247:
246:
239:
229:
228:
221:
167:
166:
159:
141:
64:
1120:
1033:
1018:
834:Adolph Frederick
532:
531:
520:
519:
507:
506:
500:
499:
484:
483:
316:
299:
285:
268:
260:
249:
248:
242:
235:
224:
217:
213:
210:
204:
199:this article by
190:inline citations
177:
176:
169:
162:
155:
151:
148:
142:
140:
99:
75:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1083:1742 in Finland
1063:
1062:
1037:
1036:
1022:Suomen historia
1019:
1012:
1007:
980:
958:) included the
933:Treaty of Turku
877:
671:
628:Ulrika Eleonora
616:
551:
529:
504:
449:
439:
426:
398:
314:
290:
289:
286:
269:
262:
254:
243:
232:
231:
230:
225:
214:
208:
205:
195:Please help to
194:
178:
174:
163:
152:
146:
143:
100:
98:
88:
76:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1045:
1035:
1034:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
984:Walhalla-orden
979:
976:
964:imperial crown
905:Diet of Porvoo
876:
873:
806:King of Sweden
670:
663:
615:
612:
601:Russian Empire
595: and the
556:
555:
546:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
526:
517:
514:
513:
508:
496:
495:
490:
480:
479:
474:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
434:
431:
430:
427:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
409:
408:
405:
404:
399:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
379:
378:
373:
369:
368:
365:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
335:
331:
330:
317:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
292:
291:
287:
280:
279:
276:
275:
271:
270:
255:
252:
245:
244:
227:
226:
181:
179:
172:
165:
164:
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1125:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1030:951-35-2493-0
1027:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
971:
967:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
944:
942:
938:
934:
928:
925:
919:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
892:
890:
881:
872:
870:
865:
863:
857:
855:
849:
847:
846:Treaty of Ă…bo
843:
842:Swedish crown
839:
835:
830:
823:
819:
818:
813:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:
784:
781:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:pastors from
742:
738:
737:
731:
729:
725:
721:
718:and two from
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
700:— to meet at
699:
695:
691:
687:
679:
675:
668:
662:
660:
654:
652:
648:
643:
639:
637:
633:
629:
620:
611:
609:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
554:
550:
547:
545:Today part of
543:
527:
525:
522:
521:
518:
512:
509:
502:
501:
498:
497:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
481:
478:
475:
473:
472:ISO 3166 code
469:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
441:
438:
432:
428:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:
400:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
377:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
357:
354:
350:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329:
325:
321:
318:
312:
309:
306:
302:
298:
293:
284:
277:
272:
266:
259:
250:
241:
238:
223:
220:
212:
202:
198:
192:
191:
185:
180:
171:
170:
161:
158:
150:
147:December 2021
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108: –
107:
103:
102:Find sources:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1060:
1051:
1041:
1021:
953:
945:
937:Lappeenranta
929:
920:
917:
895:
893:
888:
886:
866:
861:
858:
850:
831:
827:
815:
787:
785:
782:
776:
734:
732:
701:
683:
666:
658:
655:
644:
640:
625:
587:, bordering
578:
561:
559:
493:Succeeded by
492:
487:
397:• 1742
288:Coat of arms
233:
215:
209:October 2021
206:
187:
153:
144:
134:
127:
120:
113:
101:
89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
960:royal crown
941:Old Finland
909:Alexander I
901:Finnish War
854:Old Finland
724:bourgeoisie
686:James Keith
678:James Keith
488:Preceded by
356:Lutheranism
201:introducing
1067:Categories
1005:References
614:Background
605:December 6
579:Currently
372:Government
363:Demonym(s)
184:references
117:newspapers
46:improve it
875:Aftermath
802:Frederick
794:Stockholm
736:freiherrs
698:Satakunta
461:Time zone
402:Elizabeth
352:Religion
274:1742–1743
52:talk page
978:See also
838:Holstein
798:the Hats
728:peasants
716:nobility
684:General
669:of Turku
585:republic
376:Monarchy
1052:Suomen
949:Gottorp
911:as the
896:lantdag
889:lantdag
862:lantdag
789:riksdag
777:lantdag
749:Halikko
712:hundred
703:lantdag
690:estates
667:Lantdag
581:Finland
566:Finland
549:Finland
435:•
412:History
383:Monarch
346:Swedish
342:Russian
338:Finnish
328:Swedish
324:Russian
320:Finnish
304:Capital
265:Finnish
197:improve
131:scholar
1028:
761:mayors
757:Maaria
753:Pöytyä
745:Loimaa
741:vicars
720:clergy
659:Sweden
593:Norway
589:Sweden
553:Russia
524:Sweden
511:Sweden
415:
387:
261:
186:, but
133:
126:
119:
112:
104:
765:Rauma
708:Turku
665:Diet
308:Turku
138:JSTOR
124:books
1026:ISBN
769:Pori
767:and
759:and
755:and
726:and
696:and
608:1917
452:1743
442:1743
429:1742
367:Finn
110:news
856:”.
836:of
763:of
603:on
93:by
1069::
1013:^
966:.
951:.
871:.
808:.
751:,
747:,
722:,
661:.
610:.
591:,
477:FI
344:,
340:,
326:,
322:,
55:.
1032:.
852:“
824:.
267:)
263:(
240:)
234:(
222:)
216:(
211:)
207:(
193:.
160:)
154:(
149:)
145:(
135:·
128:·
121:·
114:·
87:.
62:)
58:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
