Charles X of France

1903: 2840:"Mon cousin, je suis trop profondément peiné des maux qui affligent ou qui pourraient menacer mes peuples pour n'avoir pas cherché un moyen de les prévenir. J'ai donc pris la résolution d'abdiquer la couronne en faveur de mon petit-fils, le duc de Bordeaux. Le dauphin, qui partage mes sentiments, renonce aussi à ses droits en faveur de son neveu. Vous aurez donc, en votre qualité de lieutenant général du royaume, à faire proclamer l'avènement de Henri V à la couronne. Vous prendrez d'ailleurs toutes les mesures qui vous concernent pour régler les formes du gouvernement pendant la minorité du nouveau roi. Ici, je me borne à faire connaître ces dispositions : c'est un moyen d'éviter encore bien des maux. Vous communiquerez mes intentions au corps diplomatique, et vous me ferez connaître le plus tôt possible la proclamation par laquelle mon petit-fils sera reconnu roi sous le nom de Henri V." 1699:"My cousin, I am too deeply pained by the ills that afflict or could threaten my people, not to seek means of avoiding them. Therefore, I have made the resolution to abdicate the crown in favor of my grandson, the Duke of Bordeaux. The Dauphin, who shares my feelings, also renounces his rights in favor of his nephew. It will thus fall to you, in your capacity as Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, to proclaim the accession of Henri V to the throne. Furthermore, you will take all pertinent measures to regulate the forms of government during the new king's minority. Here, I limit myself to stating these arrangements, as a means of avoiding further evils. You will communicate my intentions to the diplomatic corps, and you will let me know as soon as possible the proclamation by which my grandson will be recognized as king under the name of Henri V." 710: 1267: 617: 8480: 42: 2135: 8415: 8347: 528: 2044: 2097: 1278: 1559: 1355: 2115: 369: 1039: 4552: 6092: 6083: 8221: 1990: 873: 7879: 1923: 2160: 2026: 1410: 1728: 2008: 2689: 8445: 8390: 1716: 2064: 1695:, who was not yet ten years old. At first, the Duke of Angoulême (the Dauphin) refused to countersign the document renouncing his rights to the throne of France. According to the Duchess of Maillé, "there was a strong altercation between the father and the son. We could hear their voices in the next room." Finally, after twenty minutes, the Duke of Angoulême reluctantly countersigned his father's declaration: 4286: 860:, the queen's favourite. His flight was historically attributed to personal fears for his own safety. However recent research indicates that the King had approved his brother's departure in advance, seeing it as a means of ensuring that one close relative would be free to act as a spokesman for the monarchy, after Louis himself had been moved from 1308: Chateaubriand explains that a coronation would have being the "link in the chain which united the oath of the new monarchy to the oath of the old monarchy"; it is continuity with the Ancien Régime more than its return that the royalists extol, Charles X having inherited the qualities of his ancestors: "pious like 1289:: it took up the main phases of traditional ceremonial such as the seven anointings or the oaths on the Gospels, all by associating with it the oath of fidelity taken by the King to the Charter of 1814 or the participation of the great princes in the ceremonial as assistants of the Archbishop of Reims. 1566:

The Chambers convened on 2 March 1830, but Charles's opening speech was greeted by negative reactions from many deputies. Some introduced a bill requiring the King's minister to obtain the support of the Chambers, and on 18 March, 221 deputies, a majority of 30, voted in favor. However, the King

1072:

declared the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, with Louis XVIII as King of France. Charles (now heir-presumptive) arrived in the capital on 12 April and acted as Lieutenant General of the realm until Louis XVIII arrived from the United Kingdom. During his brief tenure as regent, Charles created an

669:

Charles was thought of as the most attractive member of his family, bearing a strong resemblance to his grandfather Louis XV. His wife was considered quite ugly by most contemporaries, and he looked for company in numerous extramarital affairs. According to the Count of Hézecques, "few beauties were

1784:

Charles' relationship with his daughter-in-law proved uneasy, as the Duchess declared herself regent for her son Henry, Duke of Bordeaux, who was now the legitimist pretender to the French throne. Charles at first denied her this role, but in December agreed to support her claim once she had landed

1663:

A few minutes after midnight on 31 July, warned by General Gresseau that Parisians were planning to attack the Saint-Cloud residence, Charles X decided to seek refuge in Versailles with his family and the court, with the exception of the Duke of Angoulême, who stayed behind with the troops, and the

1379:

The coronation of Charles X therefore appeared to be a compromise between the tradition of the Ancien Régime and the political changes that had taken place since the Revolution. The coronation nevertheless had a limited influence on the population, mentalities no longer being those of yesteryear.

1292:

A commission was charged with simplifying and modernizing the ceremony and making it compatible with the principles of the monarchy according to the Charter (deletion of the promises of struggle against heretics and infidels, of the twelve peers, of references to Hebrew royalty, etc.) – it lasted

1651:

The members of the Chamber of Deputies sent a five-man delegation to Marmont, urging him to advise the king to assuage the protesters by revoking the four Ordinances. On Marmont's request, the prime minister applied to the king, but Charles refused all compromise and dismissed his ministers that

689:

Charles also struck up a firm friendship with Marie Antoinette herself, whom he had first met upon her arrival in France in April 1770 when he was twelve. The closeness of the relationship was such that he was falsely accused by Parisian rumour mongers of having seduced her. As part of Marie

1796:, where she tried to instigate an uprising against the new regime. There she was imprisoned, much to the embarrassment of her father-in-law Charles. He was further dismayed when after her release the Duchess married the Count of Lucchesi Palli, a minor Neapolitan noble. In response to this 1499:

in Paris. In retaliation, the National Guard was disbanded but, as its members were not disarmed, it remained a potential threat. After losing his parliamentary majority in a general election in November 1827, Charles dismissed Prime Minister Villèle on 5 January 1828 and appointed

1668:. Meanwhile, in Paris, Louis Philippe assumed the post of Lieutenant General of the Kingdom. Charles' road to Versailles was filled with disorganized troops and deserters. The Marquis de Vérac, governor of the Palace of Versailles, came to meet the king before the royal 1640:. When the protesters, who had re-entered the Palais-Royal gardens, heard of this, they threw stones at the soldiers, prompting them to shoot. By evening, the city was in chaos and shops were looted. On 28 July, the rioters began to erect barricades in the streets. 1296:

In fact, the choice of the coronation was applauded by the royalists in favor of a constitutional and parliamentary monarchy and not only by those nostalgic for the Ancien Régime; the fact that the ceremony was modernized and adapted to new times encouraged

1618:

published the ordinances, and Thiers published a call to revolt signed by forty-three journalists: "The legal regime has been interrupted: that of force has begun... Obedience ceases to be a duty!" In the evening, crowds assembled in the gardens of the

1754:, that they needed to arrive in Britain as private citizens, all family members adopted pseudonyms; Charles X styled himself "Count of Ponthieu". The Bourbons were greeted coldly by the British, who upon their arrival mockingly waved the newly adopted 822:, which had not been assembled for over 150 years, to meet in May 1789 to ratify financial reforms. Along with his sister Élisabeth, Charles was the most conservative member of the family and opposed the demands of the Third Estate (representing the 1570:

The elections of 23 June did not produce a majority favorable to the government. On 6 July, the king and his ministers decided to suspend the constitution, as provided for in Article 14 of the Charter in case of emergency. On 25 July, at the

966:, where he, the recently escaped Count of Provence and the Princes of Condé jointly declared their intention to invade France. The Count of Provence was sending dispatches to various European sovereigns for assistance, while Charles set up a 826:) to increase their voting power. This prompted criticism from his brother, who accused him of being "plus royaliste que le roi" ("more royalist than the king"). In June 1789, the representatives of the Third Estate declared themselves a 916:, the Duke of Orléans or, if either was unavailable, someone chosen by election should become regent, completely passing over the rights of Charles who, in the royal lineage, stood between the Count of Provence and the Duke of Orléans. 1255:; it had been unused since 1775, as Louis XVIII had forgone the ceremony to avoid controversy and because his health was too precarious. It was in the venerable cathedral of Notre-Dame at Paris that Napoleon had consecrated his 1024:, where Charles' son Louis Antoine married Louis XVI's only surviving child, Marie Thérèse, on 10 June 1799. In 1802, Charles supported his brother with several thousand pounds. In 1807, Louis XVIII moved to the United Kingdom. 1761:

Charles X was quickly followed to Britain by his creditors, who had lent him vast sums during his first exile and were yet to be repaid in full. However, the family was able to use money Charles's wife had deposited in London.

1451:

He got closer to the population by the trip he made to the north of France in September 1827, then to the east of France in September 1828. He was accompanied by his eldest son and heir-apparent, the Duke of Angoulême, now

1834:. Charles refused the Duchess' demands, but after protests from his other daughter-in-law, the Duchess of Angoulême, he acquiesced. In the summer of 1834, he again allowed the Duchess of Berry to see her children. 1101:. The Duchess of Angoulême fainted upon arriving at the palace, as it brought back terrible memories of her family's incarceration there, and of the storming of the palace and the massacre of the Swiss Guards on 1246:

in his legs and spine, he died on 16 September of that year, aged almost 69. Charles, by now aged 66, succeeded him to the throne as King Charles X. On 29 May 1825, King Charles was anointed at the cathedral of

1176:. On several occasions, Charles voiced his disapproval of his brother's liberal ministers and threatened to leave the country unless Louis XVIII dismissed them. Louis, in turn, feared that his brother's and 1259:; but in ascending the throne of his ancestors, Charles reverted to the old place of coronation used by the kings of France from the early ages of the monarchy. The last coronation to be held there was the 845:. These plans backfired when Charles attempted to secure Necker's dismissal on 11 July without Breteuil's knowledge, much earlier than they had originally intended. It was the beginning of a decline in his 1131:

focused mainly on the purging of a civilian administration which had almost completely turned against the Bourbon monarchy. About 70,000 officials were dismissed from their positions. The remnants of the

9567: 1327:

The coronation showed that dynastic continuity went hand in hand with political continuity; for Chateaubriand: "The current constitution is only the rejuvenated text of the code of our old franchises".

1508:, who, however, lost his majority in parliament at the end of August, when the Chateaubriand faction defected. Regardless, Polignac retained power and refused to recall the Chambers until March 1830. 4004: 803:

Charles's political awakening started with the first great crisis of the monarchy in 1786, when it became apparent that the kingdom was bankrupt from previous military endeavours (in particular the

6881: 743:. He soon had the existing house torn down with plans to rebuild. Marie Antoinette wagered her brother-in-law that the new château could not be completed within three months. Charles engaged the 1902: 811:) and needed fiscal reform to survive. Charles supported the removal of the aristocracy's financial privileges, but was opposed to any reduction in the social privileges enjoyed by either the 8544: 2761:, on 16 November 1773. The couple had four children – two sons and two daughters – but the daughters did not survive childhood. Only the oldest son survived his father. The children were: 856:

on 14 July. With the concurrence of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, Charles and his family left France three days later, on 17 July, along with several other courtiers. These included the

781:, during which Charles was wounded in the hand. When the Bourbons later attended a play, they were received with "enthusiastic cheers", although the two men were reconciled the next year. 1470:

Charles gave his prime minister, Villèlle lists of laws to be ratified in each parliament. In April 1825, the government approved legislation originally proposed by Louis XVIII to pay an

993:

in September 1792. The royal family was imprisoned, and the former king and former queen were eventually executed in 1793. The young former dauphin died of illnesses and neglect in 1795.

10776: 3803: 1975: 8243: 10731: 10756: 1660:

to take the throne from King Charles, proclaiming their decision on posters throughout the city. By the end of the day, the authority of Charles' government had evaporated.

1644:, who had been called in the day before to remedy the situation, took the offensive, but some of his men defected to the rioters, and by afternoon he had to retreat to the 650:

who published scandalous leaflets about important figures in court and politics) to lampoon Louis XVI's alleged impotence. Three years later, in 1778, Charles' second son,

642:

by Louis XVI. Louis-Antoine was the first of the next generation of Bourbons, as the king and the Count of Provence had not fathered any children yet, causing the Parisian

815:

or the nobility. He believed that France's finances should be reformed without the monarchy being overthrown. In his own words, it was "time for repair, not demolition."

773:

After exchanging a few words, the irritated Duchess reached up and snatched off his mask whereupon he pulled her nose so hard and painfully that she wept." Her husband,

754:

He won his bet, with Bélanger completing the house in sixty-three days. It is estimated that the project, which came to include manicured gardens, cost over two million

1562:

THE GREAT NUTCRACKER OF JULY 25th. In this caricature Charles X attempts to break a billiard ball marked "charter" with his teeth, but finds the nut too hard to crack.

1819:

gathered in Prague to celebrate the Duke of Bordeaux's thirteenth birthday. They expected grand celebrations, but Charles X merely proclaimed his grandson's majority.

10333: 9229: 6028: 1623:, shouting "Down with the Bourbons!" and "Long live the Charter!". As the police closed off the gardens, the crowd regrouped in a nearby street where they shattered 2789: 1684:, where they arrived shortly before midnight. On the morning of 1 August, the Duchess of Angoulême, who had rushed from Vichy after learning of events, arrived at 1208: 1742:

When it became apparent that a mob 14,000 strong was preparing to attack, the royal family left Rambouillet and, on 16 August, embarked for the United Kingdom on

10113: 1868:

and died on 6 November 1836. The townspeople draped their windows in black mourning. Charles was interred in the Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady, in the

8110: 6452: 1495:

That Charles was not a popular ruler in the mostly-liberal minded urban Paris became apparent in April 1827, when chaos ensued during the king's review of the

6321: 3861: 162: 8484: 6107: 3835: 9274: 1774: 10786: 9506: 6596: 3121: 8896: 7797: 7752: 7659: 7606: 7537: 7407: 7381: 7298: 7195: 7122: 3716: 1331:

This coronation took several days: the May 28, vespers ceremony; May 29, ceremony of the coronation itself, chaired by the Archbishop of Reims,

10821: 1680:

at five in the morning. Later that day, after the arrival of the Duke of Angoulême from Saint-Cloud with his troops, Charles ordered a departure for

1598:

The Ordinances were intended to quell the popular discontent but had the opposite effect. Journalists gathered in protest at the headquarters of the

9204: 1672:

entered the town, to tell him that the palace was not safe, as the Versailles national guards wearing the revolutionary tricolor were occupying the

8432: 1849:. Then, as Ferdinand continued his use of Prague Castle, Kirchberg Castle was purchased for them. Moving there was postponed due to an outbreak of 479:

in return for lifting a blockade and recognizing Haiti's independence. He eventually appointed a conservative government under the premiership of

10761: 8492: 10726: 10721: 8285: 4163:

Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans

944: 10816: 10439: 10005: 6021: 900:

family. Meanwhile, in Paris, Louis XVI was struggling with the National Assembly, which was committed to radical reforms and had enacted the

8631: 10736: 8427: 5479: 4824: 3028:, Hiram sans-culotte? Franc-maçonnerie, lumières et révolution: trente ans d'études et de recherches, Paris: Honoré Champion, 1998, p. 207. 1484:

worth of government bonds to those who had lost their lands, in exchange for their renunciation of their ownership. In the same month, the

8823: 8765: 8554: 6640: 6368: 4483: 4220:

The Journalists and the July Revolution in France: The Role of the Political Press in the Overthrow of the Bourbon Restoration, 1827–1830

3838:[The French wish the remains of Charles X and family to be brought from Slovenia: "They belong to our homeland"] (in Slovenian). 2769: 2535: 347: 1879:, Slovenia), where his remains lie in a crypt with those of his family. He is the only King of France to be buried outside the country. 10751: 10681: 9254: 8611: 7950: 2293: 683: 1528:

On 31 January 1830, the Polignac government decided to send a military expedition to Algeria to end the threat of Algerian pirates to

9778: 8377: 6205: 1532:

trade, hoping also to increase his government's popularity through a military victory. The pretext for the war was an outrage by the

9209: 8661: 8564: 10696: 10671: 10666: 6831: 6014: 4688: 1907: 1751: 539: 337: 17: 8788: 6459: 6293: 4211:

Frederking, Bettina. "'Il ne faut pas être le roi de deux peuples': strategies of national reconciliation in Restoration France."

1413:

Medal engraved by Alexis-Joseph Depaulis with, on the reverse, Charles X's oath on the Constitutional Charter, September 17, 1824.

1285:

Like the regime of the Restoration itself, the coronation was conceived as a compromise between the monarchical tradition and the

10716: 9604: 9557: 8626: 8539: 8000: 4848: 4709: 4671: 4655: 4650: 1785:

in France. In 1831 the Duchess made her way from Britain by way of the Netherlands, Prussia and Austria to her family in Naples.

1501: 1148:

was murdered by a crowd. Approximately 6,000 individuals who had rallied to Napoleon were brought to trial. There were about 300

562: 546: 148: 8195: 10811: 10801: 10153: 10138: 10055: 9465: 9239: 8956: 6564: 4634: 834: 989:

traitors, repudiated their titles and confiscated their lands. This measure was followed by the suspension and eventually the

709: 10771: 9906: 8367: 8306: 8264: 8095: 6548: 6160: 6154: 6091: 3497: 3432: 3224: 3190: 2982: 2941: 2150: 1266: 827: 581:

to the French throne). Their mother Marie Josèphe, who never recovered from the loss of her husband, died in March 1767 from

565:, died unexpectedly in 1761, which moved Charles up one place in the line of succession. He was raised in early childhood by 9269: 8813: 8321: 6873: 1882:

A movement reportedly began in 2016 advocating for Charles X's remains to be buried along with other French monarchs in the

10806: 10746: 10537: 8730: 8147: 8040: 6964: 4290: 2750: 2710: 1856:

In the meantime, Charles left for the warmer climate on Austria's Mediterranean coast in October 1835. Upon his arrival at

1747: 628: 8020: 1504:, a man the king disliked and thought of only as provisional. On 5 August 1829, Charles dismissed Martignac and appointed 10781: 10661: 10260: 10023: 9679: 9669: 9244: 9199: 8372: 7524: 7285: 6540: 5564: 3532:"King's trip to the eastern departments and to the Lunéville maneuver camp , Paris, Imprimerie Royale,1828, III + 213 p." 1823: 1298: 1169: 570: 8745: 8699: 6317: 6223: 6142: 6123: 6082: 5382: 4755: 2765: 1301:, a non-absolutist royalist and enthusiastic supporter of the Charter of 1814, to invite the king to be crowned. In the 1196: 1195:. This loss not only plunged the family into grief but also put the succession in jeopardy, as Charles's elder son, the 690:

Antoinette's social set, Charles often appeared opposite her in the private theatre of her favourite royal retreat, the

635: 299: 10108: 9562: 9552: 8316: 7622: 7272: 5554: 4168:

Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living

3890:[Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578–1830)]. 2509: 1541: 616: 8941: 8152: 8127: 6287: 6187: 5511: 1164:

While the king retained the liberal charter, Charles patronised members of the ultra-royalists in parliament, such as

10080: 10065: 8936: 8277: 8238: 7784: 7415: 6445: 6396: 5544: 3888:"Liste chronologique des chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit depuis son origine jusqu'à son extinction (1578–1830)" 3728: 3601: 3095: 2736: 1996: 368: 123: 7985: 2718: 439:

Charles's reign of almost six years proved to be deeply unpopular amongst the liberals in France from the moment of

10348: 10189: 10143: 8931: 8838: 8172: 6648: 6588: 5472: 4817: 4760: 4602: 3864:[A French prince of Bourbon wishes the remains of his ancestors to remain at Kostanjevica] (in Slovenian). 2785: 1861: 1252: 1188: 651: 484: 452: 433: 309: 86: 46: 9366: 9154: 9081: 1837:

Upon the death of the Austrian emperor Francis in March 1835, the Bourbons left Prague Castle, as the new emperor

1199:, was childless. The lack of male heirs in the Bourbon main line raised the prospect of the throne passing to the 10796: 10701: 10691: 10656: 9307: 9016: 7955: 6417: 6389: 6361: 6301: 6135: 5415: 4745: 4597: 4476: 792: 260: 9149: 9046: 8636: 7630: 4607: 4084: 3514:"King's journey to the Saint-Omer camp and in the northern departments , Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1827, p. 237" 1652:

afternoon, realizing the precariousness of the situation. That evening, the members of the Chamber assembled at

1219:

in celebration of his birth. As a result, his granduncle, Louis XVIII, added the title Count of Chambord, hence

1064:

creating him Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of France. On 31 March, the Allies captured Paris. A week later,

774: 10368: 9943: 9542: 9144: 8921: 7614: 6752: 6604: 6217: 6193: 5589: 5579: 5516: 4843: 2754: 2714: 2629: 1804: 1207:, which excluded females from the succession and was long held inviolable. However, the Duke of Berry's widow, 1102: 8549: 4571: 1691:

The following day, 2 August, King Charles X abdicated, bypassing his son the Dauphin in favor of his grandson

10676: 10291: 9911: 9852: 9847: 9547: 8070: 7545: 7389: 7368: 7306: 7226: 7089: 6824: 6744: 6709: 6199: 5907: 5506: 4121: 4117: 4109: 3967: 2083: 1927: 1887: 1480:) to nobles whose estates had been confiscated during the Revolution. The law gave approximately 988 million 1459:

In his first act as king, Charles attempted to bring comity to the House of Bourbon by granting the style of

1440:

began with some liberal measures such as the abolition of press censorship, but the king renewed the term of

1033: 788: 748: 397: 66: 9933: 7980: 7970: 6657: 4189: 3913: 10766: 10641: 10619: 10358: 9837: 9674: 9259: 8946: 8843: 8334: 8311: 8256: 8142: 8085: 6972: 6904: 4247:

Sauvigny, G. de Bertier de (Spring 1981). "The Bourbon Restoration: One Century of French Historiography".

2814: 2779: 2773: 2571: 2267: 928: 762:. In the 1780s, King Louis XVI paid off the debts of both his brothers, the Counts of Provence and Artois. 663: 468: 304: 10791: 8251: 7054: 5539: 10741: 10476: 10196: 10070: 10060: 9808: 9649: 9597: 9361: 8986: 8881: 8760: 8740: 8651: 8580: 8402: 7900: 7667: 7360: 7213: 6701: 5465: 4810: 4576: 1517: 1001: 901: 476: 9184: 9036: 8050: 7945: 7183: 6313: 1467:, a title denied by Louis XVIII because of the former Duke of Orléans' vote for the death of Louis XVI. 1173: 10387: 10308: 10075: 9985: 9964: 9664: 9654: 9644: 9496: 9051: 8030: 7254: 7203: 7135: 7035: 6819: 6728: 6515: 6354: 6148: 5988: 5488: 4469: 2329: 2123: 1242:

Charles' brother King Louis XVIII's health had been worsening since the beginning of 1824. Having both

1145: 1108:

Following the advice of the occupying allied army, Louis XVIII promulgated a liberal constitution, the

1053: 808: 561:. As the youngest male in the family, Charles seemed unlikely ever to become king. His eldest brother, 472: 9031: 8793: 7925: 6297: 4541: 718: 527: 10711: 10567: 10323: 10238: 10211: 10128: 9923: 9768: 9511: 9096: 8828: 8671: 8526: 8329: 7892: 7768: 7691: 7569: 7553: 6229: 4714: 4249: 2758: 1588: 1426: 1203:

and his heirs, which horrified the more conservative ultras. Parliament debated the abolition of the

1080:

that reported directly back to him without Louis XVIII's knowledge. It operated for over five years.

997: 744: 357: 9406: 8951: 8783: 8559: 7940: 6307: 3613:

Le régime légal est interrompu; celui de la force a commencé... L'obéissance cesse d'être un devoir!

3531: 1681: 1572: 1422: 758:. Throughout the 1770s, Charles spent lavishly. He accumulated enormous debts, totalling 21 million 10826: 10686: 10148: 10118: 9723: 9219: 9066: 9021: 8351: 8346: 8090: 7920: 7910: 7723: 7707: 7585: 7500: 7347: 7331: 7234: 7008: 6572: 6129: 5996: 5732: 5389: 4776: 2699: 2597: 2052: 1934: 1692: 1344: 1220: 1212: 853: 714: 594: 480: 8646: 4536: 3990: 3489: 2869: 766: 41: 10706: 10404: 10286: 10233: 10179: 10133: 9822: 9071: 9026: 8735: 8616: 8293: 8115: 7739: 7646: 7314: 7130: 7073: 6988: 6693: 6532: 6037: 5992: 4858: 4693: 4623: 4149: 4033: 2703: 2209: 1600: 1496: 1430: 1260: 1237: 1012:. His older brother, dubbed Louis XVIII after the death of his nephew in June 1795, relocated to 979: 819: 440: 417: 9076: 8971: 8025: 1912: 1558: 1492:

for families paying over 300 francs in tax, but this was voted down in the Chamber of Deputies.

1277: 732: 10509: 10471: 10429: 10414: 10206: 10028: 9928: 9590: 8861: 8694: 8298: 7990: 7975: 7848: 7715: 7593: 7339: 7259: 6928: 6803: 6795: 6685: 5883: 5703: 5622: 5559: 5225: 4853: 3887: 2477: 2144: 2119: 2103: 2032: 1980: 1872: 1838: 1732: 1332: 671: 246: 7805: 5874: 5718: 2387: 1830:

on 13 October 1833. The children of the Duchess refused to meet her after they learned of her

1216: 598: 10434: 10424: 10216: 10040: 9948: 9883: 9401: 8715: 8666: 8601: 8132: 8015: 8005: 7883: 7878: 7776: 7731: 7484: 7431: 7249: 7239: 7178: 7168: 7163: 6920: 6776: 6424: 6041: 6006: 5739: 5698: 5693: 5617: 5599: 5569: 5549: 5215: 4161: 4067: 4053: 4049: 2451: 2014: 1614: 1359: 1336: 990: 936: 913: 590: 413: 7460: 3939: 1354: 1083:

Louis XVIII was greeted with great rejoicing from the Parisians and proceeded to occupy the

10651: 10646: 10459: 10000: 9938: 9827: 9718: 9340: 9214: 8976: 8798: 8720: 8569: 8177: 8167: 7960: 7675: 7492: 7439: 7244: 7027: 6279: 6166: 5961: 5768: 5708: 5670: 5594: 5534: 5250: 5245: 5210: 5176: 5151: 5141: 4592: 3513: 2795:

Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême (6 January 1783 – 22 June 1783), died in childhood.

1970: 1964: 1883: 1281:

Coronation robe of King Charles X. Preserved in the palais du Tau in Reims (Marne, France).

1271: 909: 861: 857: 838: 621: 550: 421: 217: 8656: 8137: 8055: 7208: 7153: 4298: 2355: 1567:

had already decided to hold general elections, and the chamber was suspended on 19 March.

1441: 1380:

From then on, the coronation caused incomprehension in certain sectors of public opinion.

639: 141: 8: 10542: 10499: 10419: 10373: 10250: 10243: 10223: 10184: 10096: 9888: 9857: 9832: 9798: 9700: 9695: 9416: 9346: 9194: 8981: 8961: 8926: 8901: 8833: 8534: 8060: 7444: 7323: 7081: 6993: 6768: 6760: 6736: 6495: 6177: 5966: 5927: 5917: 5805: 5786: 5650: 5584: 5279: 5255: 5235: 5205: 5195: 5156: 5136: 5131: 5111: 5042: 5037: 4993: 4869: 2166: 2073: 1636: 1523: 1317: 1256: 1128: 1117: 1009: 971: 967: 959: 940: 881: 804: 675: 586: 574: 9101: 9056: 5400: 3984: 2863: 1464: 1038: 897: 10454: 10399: 10353: 10201: 10167: 9751: 8876: 8641: 8606: 8457: 8419: 8414: 8162: 8080: 8075: 7821: 7813: 7508: 7468: 7280: 7173: 6937: 6912: 6856: 6839: 6677: 5922: 5912: 5834: 5829: 5810: 5745: 5675: 5665: 5627: 5609: 5492: 5426: 5336: 5299: 5266: 5240: 5171: 5146: 5126: 5121: 5077: 5067: 5062: 4503: 4266: 4199: 3862:"Francoski princ Burbonski želi, da njegovi predniki ostanejo pokopani na Kostanjevici" 2235: 2048: 1954: 1704: 1641: 1537: 1485: 1397: 1321: 1309: 1137: 955: 846: 785: 736: 543: 504: 9224: 9041: 8803: 8676: 8233: 8187: 6524: 5685: 5526: 1215:. His birth was hailed as "God-given", and the people of France purchased for him the 432:. Charles gained influence within the French court after the assassination of his son 10600: 10582: 10577: 10562: 10547: 10486: 10449: 10363: 10296: 10274: 10255: 10123: 10050: 9873: 9773: 9659: 9639: 9616: 9453: 9386: 9376: 9356: 8462: 7760: 7699: 7683: 7476: 6556: 6410: 6377: 6049: 5946: 5898: 5888: 5726: 5655: 5632: 5200: 5161: 5116: 5087: 5082: 5072: 4628: 4551: 3836:"Francozi želijo ostanke Karla X. in družine iz Slovenije: "Pripadajo naši domovini"" 3724: 3597: 3493: 3428: 3230: 3220: 3186: 3129: 3091: 2978: 2974: 2947: 2937: 1505: 1453: 1392: 1165: 1093: 536: 409: 283: 155: 9011: 8710: 7000: 6900: 6847: 5574: 3804:"Et si les cendres du roi Charles X étaient transférées à la basilique Saint-Denis?" 475:

as a way to distract his citizens from domestic problems, and forced Haiti to pay a

10514: 10466: 10338: 10313: 9803: 9521: 9381: 9174: 9169: 9159: 8891: 8818: 8755: 8725: 8497: 8467: 8362: 8065: 7915: 7840: 7577: 7561: 7516: 7452: 7423: 7218: 7097: 6980: 6945: 6487: 6438: 6431: 6262: 5951: 5937: 5820: 5660: 5409: 5362: 5290: 5166: 5032: 4791: 4665: 4492: 4332: 4324: 4258: 3806:[Are the remains of Charles X to be transferred to Basilica of St Denis?]. 2970: 1944: 1891: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1592: 1418: 1200: 1184:

tendencies would send the family into exile once more (which they eventually did).

1177: 1084: 740: 679: 659: 566: 516: 500: 401: 327: 113: 9976: 9815: 9300: 6403: 2996: 939:

invasion of France, but a letter by Marie Antoinette postponed it until after the

872: 765:

In March 1778, Charles caused a scandal when he assaulted the Duchess of Bourbon,

694:. They were both said to be very talented amateur actors. Marie Antoinette played 10609: 10572: 10557: 10552: 10494: 10409: 9969: 9710: 9446: 9234: 8911: 8906: 8871: 8621: 8225: 8220: 8122: 8045: 7935: 7905: 7264: 7140: 6865: 6811: 6612: 6268: 5763: 5186: 5052: 5027: 5011: 4445: 4380: 3971: 3734: 3422: 3238: 2883: 1894:, stated in 2017 that he wished the remains of his ancestors to lie undisturbed. 1770: 1766: 1580: 1553: 1476: 1388: 1384: 1364: 1286: 1109: 1057: 812: 554: 512: 496: 488: 460: 429: 425: 93: 9955: 9091: 4304: 4032:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" 1133: 10532: 10527: 10519: 10343: 10301: 9878: 9516: 9458: 9264: 9086: 8866: 8586: 8449: 8444: 8394: 8389: 8209: 7397: 6631: 5642: 5097: 4958: 4515: 4509: 4432: 4388: 4368: 3083: 3025: 1778: 1755: 1743: 1605: 1460: 1445: 1444:, president of the council since 1822, and gave the reins of government to the 1417:

Like Napoleon and then Louis XVIII before him, Charles X resided mainly at the

1372: 1181: 1074: 1061: 1017: 932: 842: 759: 456: 405: 381: 61: 908:

bill that provided for the case of the king's premature death. While his heir

608:

at the age of 64. His grandson Louis-Auguste succeeded him as King Louis XVI.

10635: 10614: 10444: 10228: 9916: 9530: 9501: 9371: 9189: 8966: 8808: 8704: 8596: 8157: 8100: 5971: 5755: 5057: 4983: 4948: 4913: 4170:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 11. 3865: 3839: 3234: 3133: 2809: 1812: 1677: 1609: 1529: 1489: 1077: 1069: 1046: 755: 691: 655: 578: 8996: 3242: 2951: 1826:, Charles agreed to a meeting with his daughter-in-law, which took place in 10328: 10033: 9990: 9790: 9761: 9537: 9482: 9396: 9351: 9179: 9061: 8853: 8010: 7995: 7965: 6274: 6211: 5956: 5435: 4978: 4968: 4963: 4943: 4938: 4883: 4030:

Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler

3738: 1703:

Louis Philippe ignored the document and on 9 August had himself proclaimed

1624: 1620: 1433:, while the Palace of Versailles, where he was born, remained uninhabited. 1124: 896:, his wife's native country, where they were joined by some members of the 582: 573:. At the death of his father in 1765, Charles's oldest surviving brother, 6335: 1727: 1425:, two monuments that no longer exist today. Occasionally he stayed at the 1409: 1270:

Consecration of Charles X as King of France in the Cathedral of Reims, by

943:

had escaped from Paris and joined a concentration of regular troops under

585:. This left Charles an orphan at the age of nine, along with his siblings 9995: 9898: 9743: 9391: 9249: 9139: 8916: 8886: 8035: 7355: 7148: 6256: 6240: 6103: 6071: 5976: 5859: 5371: 5351: 5047: 5021: 4973: 4928: 4918: 4903: 4893: 4724: 4418: 4361: 4204:

Brown, Bradford C. "France, 1830 Revolution." in by Immanuel Ness, ed.,

3808: 3122:"France calls for remains of King Charles X to be returned from Slovenia" 2911: 1876: 1869: 1816: 1736: 1685: 1631: 1576: 1348: 1340: 1211:, was found to be pregnant and on 29 September 1820 gave birth to a son, 1192: 877: 647: 448: 444: 393: 174: 103: 9489: 4297: 948: 10504: 9733: 9295: 9134: 8750: 8105: 6580: 6065: 5839: 5325: 5304: 5106: 5016: 4998: 4923: 4908: 4888: 4750: 4531: 1842: 1831: 1797: 1789: 1584: 1152:

in southern France, notably in Marseilles where a number of Napoleon's

1141: 1065: 986: 770: 713:

Portrait of the Count of Artois (future Charles X) in the habit of the

492: 491:

disbanding the Chamber of Deputies, limiting franchise, and reimposing

385: 9002: 5457: 4270: 4007:[Military William Order: Bourbon, Charles Philip, Prince of]. 1669: 1343:, and a large audience; May 30, award ceremony for the Knights of the 1060:. Louis XVIII, by then reliant on a wheelchair, supplied Charles with 1052:

In January 1814, Charles covertly left his home in London to join the

384:

from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned

9842: 9129: 8775: 8686: 8269: 7638: 6059: 5854: 5844: 5319: 5309: 5230: 4953: 4933: 4802: 4719: 4566: 4453: 4404: 2805: 1488:

was passed. Charles's government attempted to re-establish male-only

1471: 1368: 1313: 1204: 1113: 1005: 535:

Charles Philippe of France was born in 1757, the youngest son of the

515:. He was the last of the French rulers from the senior branch of the 464: 408:, a radical monarchist faction within the French court that affirmed 389: 192: 6346: 4461: 2688: 2165:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Stranger Knight of the

1793: 674:. Later, he embarked upon a lifelong love affair with the beautiful 9477: 9472: 9411: 9290: 9164: 7930: 6250: 5849: 5345: 5314: 5220: 5002: 4878: 4660: 4262: 2934:

Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire

1302: 1243: 1149: 823: 731:

A famous story concerning the two involves the construction of the

699: 695: 605: 558: 6474: 3964: 3914:"Ordre de la Légion d'honneur: Textes officiels antérieurs à 1962" 9756: 9624: 4898: 3982: 1865: 1850: 1846: 1720: 1715: 1153: 975: 963: 885: 508: 322: 9582: 1857: 1156:

preparing to return to Egypt, were massacred in their barracks.

1000:

broke out in 1792, Charles escaped to Great Britain, where King

982:, which called on other European powers to intervene in France. 234: 10045: 9613: 5796: 5778: 4285: 1827: 1808: 1481: 1013: 905: 8545:

François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt

6036: 4303: 4085:"Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro" 4069:

Königlich Sächsischer Hof-Civil-und MilitärStaat im Jahre 1828

1595:, and called for elections under the new system in September. 499:

of 1830, which resulted in his abdication and the election of

447:. The governments appointed under his reign reimbursed former 8479: 4005:"Militaire Willems-Orde: Bourbon, Charles Philippe prince de" 1665: 1248: 1098: 1021: 924: 920: 893: 703: 10318: 9728: 1612:, and others. On Monday, 26 July, the government newspaper 985:

On New Year's Day 1792, the National Assembly declared all

778: 531:

Charles Philippe with his younger sister Clotilde on a goat

10777:

Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration

8519: 4234:

France 1814–1919: the Rise of a Liberal Democratic Society

3452:(in French). Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard. p. 553. 1536:, who had struck the French consul with the handle of his 8359: 1533: 837:, Charles had political alliances arranged to depose the 666:, quelling all rumours that she could not bear children. 604:

Louis XV fell ill on 27 April 1774 and died on 10 May of

495:. Within a week Paris faced urban riots which led to the 443:

in 1825, in which he tried to revive the practice of the

436:, in 1820 and succeeded his brother Louis XVIII in 1824. 380:(Charles Philippe; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was 4206:

The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest

2967:

The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest

974:. On 25 August, the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and 3892:

Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France

2884:"Charles X | Biography, Reign, Abdication, & Facts" 10732:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary

3997: 2965:

Brown, Bradford C. (2009), "France, 1830 Revolution",

1159: 3797: 3795: 2782:(5 August 1776 – 5 December 1783), died in childhood. 702:, and country ladies, whereas Charles played lovers, 10757:

Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William

9275:

List of people associated with the French Revolution

1800:

match, Charles banned her from seeing her children.

830:

intent on providing France with a new constitution.

9507:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

6597:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

3596:, Librairie Académique Perrin, Paris, 1988, p. 454 1664:Duchess of Angoulême, who was taking the waters at 3792: 1723:, where Charles X spent the last month of his life 1335:, in the presence in particular of Chateaubriand, 3829: 3827: 3066: 3064: 892:Charles and his family decided to seek refuge in 10633: 8433:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 4089:Calendario manual y guía de forasteros en Madrid 3715: 3003:, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris (1985), p. 43. 2768:(6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844), sometimes called 1811:in winter 1832/33 and were given lodging at the 1540:in a rage over French failure to pay debts from 1187:On 14 February 1820, Charles's younger son, the 1127:, Napoleon's brief return to power in 1815, the 1004:gave him a generous allowance. Charles lived in 769:, at a masked ball, while "escorting Canillac, 620:Charles as Count of Artois in 1798. Portrait by 467:, leading to conflict with the liberal-majority 4186:France Under the Bourbon Restoration, 1814–1830 4048:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 2906: 2904: 849:with Breteuil, which ended in mutual loathing. 798: 557:at birth by his grandfather, the reigning King 6475:Significant civil and political events by year 3853: 3824: 3785: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3061: 2931: 2916:The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions 2788:(24 January 1778 – 13 February 1820), married 396:, he supported the latter in exile. After the 9598: 6362: 6022: 5473: 4818: 4477: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 1788:Having gained little support, she arrived in 1116:legislature, an electorate of 90,000 men and 904:. In March 1791, the Assembly also enacted a 507:. Exiled once again, Charles died in 1836 in 9974: 9953: 9813: 9528: 9487: 9463: 9444: 8428:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 2901: 1746:provided by Louis Philippe. Informed by the 1731:Tombs of Charles X and his son Louis at the 1544:. French troops occupied Algiers on 5 July. 670:cruel to him." Among his lovers was notably 634:In 1775, Marie Thérèse gave birth to a boy, 611: 522: 7115: 4114:Almanacco Reale del Regno Delle Due Sicilie 3976: 3780: 3768: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3570: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3477: 3470: 3468: 3420: 3344: 3342: 3054: 3052: 2936:. Detroit, Mich.: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2717:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1312:, affable, compassionate and vigilant like 1231: 1140:and its senior officers cashiered. Marshal 10787:Legitimist pretenders to the French throne 9605: 9591: 8632:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 6369: 6355: 6029: 6015: 5480: 5466: 4825: 4811: 4484: 4470: 3983:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846). 3702: 40: 8897:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 8555:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 8378:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 4501:The first generation are the children of 4102: 3940:"Ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis" 3291:Fraser, pp. 399, 440, 456; Nagel, p. 143. 3219:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 65. 3078: 3076: 2969:, American Cancer Society, pp. 1–8, 2932:Merriman, John M.; Winter, J. M. (2006). 2737:Learn how and when to remove this message 1710: 1223:, the name by which he is usually known. 945:François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé 175:Legitimist pretender to the French throne 10822:French expatriates in the United Kingdom 9329: 6613:Nationalization of the Church properties 6095:Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte 4246: 3745: 3688: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3465: 3339: 3119: 3049: 3006: 1908:Charles X Distributing Awards to Artists 1901: 1822:On the same day, after much cajoling by 1726: 1714: 1557: 1408: 1353: 1276: 1265: 1037: 888:, London, his home between 1805 and 1814 871: 708: 615: 526: 9558:Historiography of the French Revolution 8829:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 8540:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 5487: 4761:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 4756:Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 4603:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois 4373:16 September 1824 – 2 August 1830 3859: 3483: 3090:. London: Lume Books. p. 282-283. 2861: 1792:in April 1832, and made her way to the 1765:The Bourbons were allowed to reside in 1591:the newly elected chamber, altered the 1367:1825. Commissioned by the British king 818:King Louis XVI eventually convened the 463:, and reimposed capital punishment for 314:Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême 289: 275: 1773; died 1805) 14: 10762:Heirs presumptive to the French throne 10634: 8565:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 8520:Other significant figures and factions 4832: 4598:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou 4082: 4046:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année 1817 3885: 3082: 3073: 2799: 2551: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2309: 2199: 2195: 1511: 1144:was executed for treason, and Marshal 1027: 791:at the christening of his godson, the 784:In 1781, Charles acted as a proxy for 388:and younger brother of reigning kings 10727:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 10722:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter 9586: 9433: 9328: 8612:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 8518: 8368:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 8307:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 8265:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 7868: 7114: 6745:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 6473: 6376: 6350: 6010: 5461: 4806: 4491: 4465: 3986:Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter 3833: 3447: 3427:. London: Rough Guides. p. 144. 3214: 3180: 2964: 2927: 2925: 2678: 2627: 2617: 2613: 2601: 2595: 2585: 2569: 2559: 2555: 2539: 2533: 2523: 2507: 2497: 2493: 2481: 2475: 2465: 2449: 2439: 2435: 2411: 2401: 2385: 2375: 2371: 2359: 2353: 2343: 2327: 2317: 2313: 2297: 2291: 2281: 2265: 2255: 2251: 2239: 2233: 2223: 2207: 2203: 1306:The King is Dead! Long live the king! 735:. In 1775, Charles purchased a small 10817:Expatriates in the Holy Roman Empire 8766:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 8178:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 7869: 6965:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 5446:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 4438:2 August 1830 – 6 November 1836 4110:"Capitolo XIV: Ordini cavallereschi" 3801: 2804:The Count of Artois is portrayed by 2755:Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia 2715:adding citations to reliable sources 2682: 1995:Austrian Empire: Grand Cross of the 1969:Grand Master and Grand Cross of the 1630:The next morning of 27 July, police 1404: 10737:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 9434: 8373:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 6338:from 1848-1873 as Louis Philippe II 3120:Willsher, Kim (27 September 2016). 1634:and shut down newspapers including 1160:King's brother and heir presumptive 1091:, and the Duke of Angoulême in the 1087:. The Count of Artois lived in the 571:Governess of the Children of France 24: 9563:Influence of the French Revolution 9553:Symbolism in the French Revolution 8317:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 8278:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 6533:Convocation of the Estates General 6090: 6086:Coat of arms of the House of Capet 6081: 4577:Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois 4178: 3802:Haus, Hélène (25 September 2016). 2922: 2510:Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth 1845:. The Bourbons moved initially to 1604:daily, founded in January 1830 by 1547: 654:, was born and given the title of 627:In November 1773, Charles married 591:Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence 25: 10838: 10752:Burials at Kostanjevica Monastery 10682:People of the Bourbon Restoration 9612: 9205:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 8937:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 8239:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 8021:François Christophe de Kellermann 7260:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 4278: 4240: 4196:Reaction and Revolution 1814–1832 3488:. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 2910: 2102:Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the 1391:. For the occasion, the composer 206:Charles Philippe, Count of Artois 8932:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 8839:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 8809:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 8700:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 8478: 8443: 8413: 8388: 8345: 8219: 8096:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 7877: 6649:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 4715:Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine 4550: 4306:The New Student's Reference Work 4284: 4215:22.4 (2008): 446–468. in English 2975:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0573 2790:Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile 2786:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 2766:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 2687: 2185:Ancestors of Charles X of France 2158: 2151:Order of St. Ferdinand and Merit 2133: 2113: 2095: 2062: 2042: 2031:Netherlands: Grand Cross of the 2024: 2006: 1988: 1921: 1769:in Dorset, but quickly moved to 1719:The Coronini Cronberg Palace in 867: 852:Necker's dismissal provoked the 485:1830 French legislative election 434:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 367: 310:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 300:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 27:King of France from 1824 to 1830 10697:People of the French Revolution 10672:19th-century princes of Andorra 10667:19th-century monarchs of France 9270:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 9017:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 8942:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 8153:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 8148:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 8128:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 7956:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 6874:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 6038:Pretenders to the French throne 4777:Prince Henri, Count of Chambord 4746:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France 4507:; these males held the rank of 4154: 4134: 4076: 4060: 4038: 4023: 3989:. Kopenhagen: Berling. p. 3958: 3932: 3906: 3879: 3759: 3679: 3666: 3653: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3606: 3586: 3577: 3524: 3506: 3484:Redhead, T. W. (January 2012). 3456: 3441: 3414: 3405: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3330: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3208: 3199: 3183:The Fall of the French Monarchy 3174: 3165: 3156: 3147: 3113: 3104: 3040: 2828: 1963:Grand Master and Knight of the 1707:by the members of the Chamber. 1676:. Charles then set out for the 1387:who composed the music for the 662:gave birth to her first child, 272: 184:2 August 1830 – 6 November 1836 10717:French counter-revolutionaries 9944:Government of National Defense 9543:Women in the French Revolution 9145:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 8322:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 7986:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 7615:French invasion of Switzerland 4710:Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy 4694:Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou 4651:Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany 4537:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans 4441:Reason for succession failure: 4072:(in German). 1828. p. 53. 3217:Marie Thérèse: Child of Terror 3215:Nagel, Susan (18 March 2008). 3031: 3019: 2990: 2958: 2918:. Macmillan. pp. 185–187. 2876: 2855: 2751:Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy 2630:Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick 1170:François-René de Chateaubriand 577:, became the new Dauphin (the 13: 1: 10812:French expatriates in Germany 10802:French expatriates in Austria 9853:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 9848:War of the Spanish Succession 9548:Incroyables and merveilleuses 9367:Pierre Claude François Daunou 9155:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 8286:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 8257:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 7554:Naval Engagement off Brittany 7307:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 7281:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 7090:Constitution of the Year VIII 6825:Committee of General Security 6710:National Legislative Assembly 6565:National Constituent Assembly 4635:Prince Charles, Duke of Berry 4116:(in Italian), 1829, pp. 3685:Price, pp. 177, 181–182, 185. 3318:Nagel, pp. 210, 222, 233–235. 3014:Marie Antoinette: the Journey 2848: 2780:Sophie, Mademoiselle d'Artois 2084:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky 1209:Caroline of Naples and Sicily 1097:, which overlooked the River 1034:Bourbon Restoration in France 1008:and London with his mistress 927:in Germany, where his uncle, 722: 459:, increased the power of the 305:Sophie, Mademoiselle d'Artois 50: 10772:18th-century peers of France 9466:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 9260:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 9150:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 9047:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 8947:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 8637:Charles Malo François Lameth 8312:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 8143:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 8086:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 7286:Second Battle of Wissembourg 6973:Constitution of the Year III 6318:Napoléon VII Jean-Christophe 4608:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans 4227:The French Exiles, 1789–1815 3965:"A Szent István Rend tagjai" 3860:Al. Ma. (19 February 2017). 2862:Parmele, Mary Platt (1908). 2572:Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor 1805:Emperor Francis I of Austria 1542:Napoleon's invasion of Egypt 1253:consecration of French kings 929:Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony 809:American War of Independence 799:Crisis and French Revolution 775:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 471:. Charles also approved the 7: 10807:French expatriates in Italy 10747:Princes of France (Bourbon) 9362:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 8987:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 8922:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 8882:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 8761:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 8746:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 8741:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 8550:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 8403:William V, Prince of Orange 7273:First Battle of Wissembourg 7230:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 6946:Closing of the Jacobin Club 6815:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 6772:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 6632:Abolition of the Parlements 6605:Women's March on Versailles 6178:Blancs d'Espagne succession 4572:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 3834:A. K. (28 September 2016). 3421:McConnachie, James (2004). 3088:The Bourbon Kings of France 2176: 1955:Military Order of St. Louis 1518:Invasion of Algiers in 1830 1333:Mgr. Jean-Baptiste de Latil 1002:George III of Great Britain 404:) became the leader of the 10: 10843: 10782:Navarrese titular monarchs 10662:18th-century French people 10334:French subdivisions by GDP 10081:2022 presidential election 10066:2017 presidential election 9497:French Republican calendar 9052:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 8677:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 8031:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 7981:Charles François Dumouriez 7971:Jacques François Dugommier 7785:League of Armed Neutrality 7618:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 7570:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 7393:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 7372:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 7036:Second Congress of Rastatt 6820:Committee of Public Safety 6807:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 4083:Guerra, Francisco (1819), 3886:Teulet, Alexandre (1863). 3723:. Edinburgh: John Donald. 2545: 2429: 2303: 2197: 2124:Order of the Golden Fleece 1897: 1551: 1521: 1515: 1251:, the traditional site of 1235: 1191:, was assassinated at the 1031: 682:'s closest companion, the 483:, who was defeated in the 473:French conquest of Algeria 10595: 10485: 10395: 10386: 10282: 10273: 10175: 10166: 10104: 10095: 10016: 9897: 9866: 9838:Second Hundred Years' War 9789: 9742: 9709: 9688: 9680:Liberalism and radicalism 9632: 9623: 9512:Cult of the Supreme Being 9440: 9429: 9335: 9324: 9283: 9117: 9110: 8995: 8852: 8774: 8685: 8672:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 8578: 8527:Patriotic Society of 1789 8525: 8514: 8476: 8441: 8411: 8386: 8343: 8330:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 8252:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 8217: 8208: 8186: 7891: 7875: 7864: 7833: 7796: 7769:Convention of Alessandria 7751: 7658: 7605: 7536: 7406: 7380: 7297: 7194: 7121: 7110: 7066: 7055:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 7047: 7020: 6957: 6893: 6788: 6721: 6670: 6624: 6516:What Is the Third Estate? 6507: 6480: 6469: 6384: 6331: 6239: 6176: 6102: 6079: 6048: 5985: 5936: 5897: 5873: 5819: 5795: 5777: 5754: 5717: 5684: 5641: 5608: 5525: 5499: 5444: 5425: 5399: 5361: 5335: 5289: 5264: 5185: 5096: 4992: 4868: 4838: 4785: 4769: 4738: 4702: 4681: 4666:Louis, Prince of Asturias 4643: 4616: 4585: 4559: 4548: 4524: 4499: 4450: 4423: 4410: 4403: 4375: 4366: 4358: 4353: 4318: 4250:French Historical Studies 4184:Artz, Frederick Binkerd. 3721:A French King at Holyrood 2865:A Short History of France 2759:Maria Antonietta of Spain 2615: 2607: 2579: 2557: 2553: 2517: 2495: 2487: 2459: 2437: 2433: 2395: 2373: 2365: 2337: 2315: 2311: 2275: 2253: 2245: 2217: 2201: 1976:Décoration de la Fidélité 1735:in the Slovenian town of 1502:Jean-Baptise de Martignac 1347:and finally, May 31, the 1136:were disbanded after the 998:French Revolutionary Wars 991:abolition of the monarchy 935:. Charles prepared for a 658:. In the same year Queen 612:Marriage and private life 597:("Madame Clotilde"), and 523:Childhood and adolescence 363: 353: 343: 333: 321: 282: 254: 241: 224: 202: 198: 188: 180: 173: 149:The Viscount of Martignac 121: 109: 99: 85: 74: 60: 39: 34: 10109:Administrative divisions 9220:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 9185:Joséphine de Beauharnais 9067:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 9037:François-Nicolas Vincent 9022:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 8196:Charles-Alexandre Linois 8091:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 8071:François Séverin Marceau 8051:François Joseph Lefebvre 7946:Jean-Étienne Championnet 7921:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 7916:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 7911:Alexandre de Beauharnais 7901:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 7623:French Invasion of Egypt 7501:Second Battle of Bassano 7235:Battle of Kaiserslautern 7009:Conspiracy of the Equals 6702:The Constitution of 1791 6573:Storming of the Bastille 4689:Louis, Dauphin of France 4656:Louis, Dauphin of France 4624:Louis, Dauphin of France 4593:Louis, Dauphin of France 4091:(in Spanish), p. 41 3970:22 December 2010 at the 3944:france-phaleristique.com 3918:france-phaleristique.com 3641:Price, pp. 158, 161–163. 3632:Price, pp. 151–154, 157. 3424:Rough Guide to the Loire 2821: 2598:Maria Josepha of Austria 2294:Louis, Dauphin of France 2053:Order of the Black Eagle 1935:Order of the Holy Spirit 1807:, the Bourbons moved to 1658:Louis Philippe d'Orléans 1431:Château de Fontainebleau 1345:Order of the Holy Spirit 1293:three and a half hours. 1232:Ascension and Coronation 1226: 1221:Henri, Count of Chambord 1174:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle 923:(in Italy) and moved to 854:storming of the Bastille 833:In conjunction with the 751:to design the building. 749:François-Joseph Bélanger 715:Order of the Holy Spirit 487:. He responded with the 481:Prince Jules de Polignac 338:Louis, Dauphin of France 18:King Charles X of France 10329:Franc (former currency) 9934:Coup of 2 December 1851 9907:Long nineteenth century 9200:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 9072:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 9032:Antoine-François Momoro 9027:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 8844:François de Neufchâteau 8794:Charles-François Lebrun 8736:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 8617:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 8493:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 8299:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 8294:Karl Mack von Leiberich 7926:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 7740:Second Battle of Zurich 7631:Irish Rebellion of 1798 7477:First Battle of Bassano 7315:Second Battle of Boulou 7116:Revolutionary campaigns 7074:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 6989:Council of Five Hundred 6777:First republic declared 6713:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 6694:Declaration of Pillnitz 6418:Constitutional monarchy 4859:List of French monarchs 4672:Infante Philip of Spain 4542:Gaston, Duke of Orléans 4198:(1938), covers Europe. 4011:(in Dutch). 13 May 1825 4009:Ministerie van Defensie 3717:Mackenzie-Stuart, A. J. 3448:Lever, Évelyne (1988). 2888:Encyclopedia Britannica 2834:Charles X's abdication 2774:Marie Thérèse of France 2772:. Married first cousin 2536:Maria Josepha of Saxony 2268:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy 2210:Louis, Duke of Burgundy 2013:Denmark: Knight of the 1773:in Edinburgh, near the 1693:Henry, Duke of Bordeaux 1421:and, in summer, at the 1349:Royal touch of scrofula 1261:Coronation of Louis XVI 1238:Coronation of Charles X 1213:Henry, Duke of Bordeaux 1112:, which provided for a 1043:The Return of Charles X 980:Declaration of Pillnitz 919:Charles meanwhile left 912:was still a minor, the 719:Antoine-François Callet 678:, the sister-in-law of 563:Louis, Duke of Burgundy 418:constitutional monarchy 348:Maria Josepha of Saxony 117:(as King of the French) 10797:French Ultra-royalists 10702:Monarchs who abdicated 10692:French Roman Catholics 10657:People from Versailles 10349:Science and technology 10006:Provisional Government 9975: 9954: 9814: 9529: 9488: 9464: 9445: 8957:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 8952:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 8862:Maximilien Robespierre 8695:Jacques Pierre Brissot 8560:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 7991:Louis-Charles de Flers 7976:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 7941:Jean François Carteaux 7716:First Battle of Zurich 7679:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 7634:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 7594:Treaty of Campo Formio 7340:Glorious First of June 7268:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 7227:Expedition to Sardinia 6905:Desmoulins guillotined 6840:Assassination of Marat 6832:Fall of the Girondists 6804:Revolutionary Tribunal 6796:Execution of Louis XVI 6686:Champ de Mars massacre 6589:Abolition of Feudalism 6241:Bonapartist pretenders 6096: 6087: 5365:(1814–1815; 1815–1830) 4854:List of Frankish kings 4849:Simplified family tree 4629:King Philip V of Spain 4396:as King of the French 4142:The Knights of England 3535:Imprimerie Royale,1828 3486:The French Revolutions 2478:Augustus III of Poland 2145:Order of St. Januarius 2104:Order of the Rue Crown 2033:Military William Order 1981:Decoration of The Lily 1916: 1890:, current head of the 1873:Kostanjevica Monastery 1748:British prime minister 1739: 1733:Kostanjevica Monastery 1724: 1711:Second exile and death 1701: 1579:, Charles issued four 1563: 1463:to his cousins of the 1423:Château de Saint-Cloud 1414: 1376: 1282: 1274: 1049: 962:, Charles moved on to 889: 777:, challenged him to a 728: 672:Anne Victoire Dervieux 629:Marie Thérèse of Savoy 624: 601:("Madame Élisabeth"). 553:. Charles was created 532: 453:abolition of feudalism 424:and the guarantees of 261:Marie Thérèse of Savoy 247:Kostanjevica Monastery 9402:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 8667:Jean-Charles Pichegru 8647:Jean-François Rewbell 8133:Jean-Charles Pichegru 8016:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 8006:Jacques Maurice Hatry 7777:Battle of Hohenlinden 7650:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 7485:Battle of Emmendingen 7432:Battle of Castiglione 7319:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 7250:Battle of Hondschoote 6921:Thermidorian Reaction 6885:(throughout the year) 6658:Fête de la Fédération 6584:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 6568:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 6552:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 6094: 6085: 4426:— TITULAR — 3375:Price, pp. 72, 80–83. 3181:Price, Monro (2003). 2452:Augustus II of Poland 2330:Stanisław I of Poland 2015:Order of the Elephant 1905: 1843:coronation ceremonies 1841:wished to use it for 1815:. In September 1833, 1803:At the invitation of 1730: 1718: 1697: 1656:'s house and elected 1615:Le Moniteur Universel 1561: 1436:The reign of Charles 1412: 1360:Portrait of Charles X 1357: 1280: 1269: 1041: 937:counter-revolutionary 875: 841:minister of finance, 712: 619: 530: 400:in 1814, Charles (as 163:The Duke of Mortemart 10677:19th-century regents 10154:World Heritage Sites 10071:Coronavirus pandemic 9330:Influential thinkers 9077:Jean-François Varlet 8977:Jean-Lambert Tallien 8972:Jean Bon Saint-André 8799:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 8721:Marquis de Condorcet 8570:Nicolas de Condorcet 8335:Dagobert von Wurmser 8168:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 8111:Pierre-Jacques Osten 8026:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 7961:Louis-Nicolas Davout 7951:Chapuis de Tourville 7493:Battle of Schliengen 7440:Battle of Theiningen 7361:Battle of Aldenhoven 7245:Battle of Wattignies 7214:Battle of Neerwinden 7028:Coup of 18 Fructidor 6541:Death of the Dauphin 6314:Napoléon VII Charles 4844:Detailed family tree 4330:Cadet branch of the 4320:Charles X of France 4293:at Wikimedia Commons 4140:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) 3894:(in French) (2): 100 3765:Nagel, pp. 322, 333. 3162:Fraser, pp. 274–278. 3037:Fraser, pp. 137–139. 2868:. Scribner. p. 2711:improve this section 1997:Order of St. Stephen 1971:Order of St. Lazarus 1965:Order of St. Michael 1913:François Joseph Heim 1884:Basilica of St Denis 1427:Château de Compiègne 1257:revolutionary empire 1244:dry and wet gangrene 931:, was the incumbent 902:Constitution of 1791 793:Dauphin Louis Joseph 733:Château de Bagatelle 622:Henri-Pierre Danloux 551:Palace of Versailles 420:concessions towards 218:Palace of Versailles 156:The Duke of Polignac 142:The Count of Villèle 78:16 September 1824 – 10767:Deaths from cholera 10642:Charles X of France 10292:Automotive industry 10076:2021 labor protests 9833:Peace of Westphalia 9701:History of Normandy 9696:History of Brittany 9417:Mary Wollstonecraft 9195:Jean Sylvain Bailly 8982:Pierre Louis Prieur 8927:Jean-Henri Voulland 8902:Jacques-Louis David 8834:Jean Joseph Mounier 8535:Jean Sylvain Bailly 8173:Belgrand de Vaubois 8061:Jean-Antoine Marbot 8001:Emmanuel de Grouchy 7806:Treaty of Lunéville 7445:Battle of Neresheim 7390:Siege of Luxembourg 7369:Siege of Luxembourg 7324:Battle of Tourcoing 7255:Siege of Bellegarde 7082:Coup of 18 Brumaire 6994:Council of Ancients 6769:National Convention 6761:September Massacres 6737:Brunswick Manifesto 6729:France declares war 6496:Assembly of Vizille 6336:Orléanist pretender 6108:Unionist pretenders 5997:King/Queen of Spain 5875:House of Trastámara 5719:House of Trastámara 5280:Henry VI of England 4291:Charles X of France 4194:Artz, Frederick B. 3789:Nagel, pp. 349–350. 3777:Nagel, pp. 340–342. 3756:Nagel, pp. 327–328. 3699:Nagel, pp. 318–325. 3650:Price, pp. 173–176. 3623:Price, pp. 141–142. 3583:Price, pp. 130–132. 3574:Price, pp. 136–138. 3562:Price, pp. 122–128. 3550:Price, pp. 116–118. 3474:Price, pp. 119–121. 3462:Price, pp. 113–115. 3348:Nagel, pp. 253–254. 2800:In fiction and film 2414:Charles X of France 2388:Katarzyna Opalińska 2167:Order of the Garter 2149:Grand Cross of the 2074:Order of St. Andrew 1953:Grand Cross of the 1943:Grand Cross of the 1817:Bourbon legitimists 1524:Shipwreck of Dellys 1512:Conquest of Algeria 1395:composed the Opera 1217:Château de Chambord 1118:freedom of religion 1028:Bourbon Restoration 1010:Louise de Polastron 972:Electorate of Trier 882:South Audley Street 858:Duchess of Polignac 684:Duchess of Polignac 676:Louise de Polastron 511:, then part of the 469:Chamber of Deputies 398:Bourbon Restoration 10742:Dethroned monarchs 10359:Telecommunications 10061:2015 Paris attacks 9924:Revolution of 1848 9752:Visigothic Kingdom 9255:Loménie de Brienne 9230:Madame de Lamballe 9165:Napoléon Bonaparte 8962:Prieur de la Marne 8877:Camille Desmoulins 8731:Marie Jean Hérault 8607:Jean-Sifrein Maury 8602:Arnaud de La Porte 8458:Alexander Korsakov 8244:Count of Clerfayt 8163:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 8076:Auguste de Marmont 7931:Napoléon Bonaparte 7822:Algeciras campaign 7814:Treaty of Florence 7692:Battle of Stockach 7525:Ireland expedition 7509:Battle of Calliano 7469:Battle of Rovereto 7461:Battle of Würzburg 6913:Law of 22 Prairial 6882:Anti-clerical laws 6857:The Death of Marat 6678:Flight to Varennes 6097: 6088: 5610:House of Champagne 5565:García Sánchez III 5427:House of Bonaparte 5337:House of Bonaparte 5267:House of Lancaster 4833:Monarchs of France 4516:Grandson of France 4415:Title last held by 4405:Titles in pretence 4385:Title next held by 3300:Nagel, p. 152-153. 3185:. pp. 93–94. 3058:Fraser, pp. 80–81. 2812:'s motion picture 2753:, the daughter of 2749:Charles X married 2679:Marriage and issue 2236:Louis XV of France 2049:Kingdom of Prussia 1917: 1862:Kingdom of Illyria 1752:Duke of Wellington 1740: 1725: 1705:King of the French 1585:censored the press 1564: 1534:Viceroy of Algeria 1486:Anti-Sacrilege Act 1442:Joseph de Villèlle 1415: 1398:Il Viaggio a Reims 1377: 1283: 1275: 1138:Battle of Waterloo 1050: 933:Archbishop-Elector 890: 847:political alliance 786:Holy Roman Emperor 771:a lady of the town 767:Bathilde d'Orléans 729: 638:, who was created 625: 542:and his wife, the 533: 505:King of the French 455:at the expense of 10629: 10628: 10591: 10590: 10382: 10381: 10269: 10268: 10261:Political parties 10197:Foreign relations 10162: 10161: 10091: 10090: 9874:French Revolution 9828:Thirty Years' War 9809:Absolute monarchy 9774:Kingdom of France 9670:Foreign relations 9650:Political history 9580: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9454:Cockade of France 9425: 9424: 9387:Antoine Lavoisier 9377:Benjamin Franklin 9357:Anacharsis Cloots 9320: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9240:Louis de Breteuil 9082:Theophile Leclerc 8510: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8463:Alexander Suvorov 8204: 8203: 8138:Józef Poniatowski 8056:Étienne Macdonald 7860: 7859: 7761:Battle of Marengo 7724:Battle of Trebbia 7708:Battle of Cassano 7700:Battle of Magnano 7684:Battle of Ostrach 7586:Battle of Neuwied 7348:Battle of Fleurus 7332:Battle of Tournay 7209:War in the Vendée 7145:Royalist Revolts 7106: 7105: 6663: 6639:Abolition of the 6557:Tennis Court Oath 6549:National Assembly 6378:French Revolution 6344: 6343: 6339: 6298:Napoléon V Victor 6294:Napoléon V Jérôme 6283: 6280:Emperor 1852–1870 6050:Monarchy in exile 6004: 6003: 5899:House of Habsburg 5555:García Sánchez II 5455: 5454: 5416:Louis Philippe II 5339:(1804–1814; 1815) 4800: 4799: 4795: 4493:Princes of France 4460: 4459: 4451:Succeeded by 4428: 4399: 4299:"Charles X" 4289:Media related to 4225:Weiner, Margery. 4222:(Springer, 2013). 4218:Rader, Daniel L. 3592:Castelot, André, 3518:Imprimerie Royale 3499:978-3-8640-3428-2 3434:978-1-8435-3257-6 3402:Price, pp. 94–95. 3393:Price, pp. 91–92. 3366:Price, pp. 52–54. 3336:Price, pp. 11–12. 3226:978-1-5969-1057-7 3192:978-0-3304-8827-3 2984:978-1-4051-9807-3 2943:978-0-6843-1496-9 2747: 2746: 2739: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2670: 1928:Kingdom of France 1860:(Gorizia) in the 1853:in the locality. 1506:Jules de Polignac 1454:Dauphin of France 1405:Domestic policies 1393:Gioachino Rossini 1316:, courteous like 1197:Duke of Angoulême 1166:Jules de Polignac 1094:Pavillon de Flore 914:Count of Provence 835:Baron de Breteuil 828:National Assembly 652:Charles Ferdinand 640:Duke of Angoulême 410:absolute monarchy 375: 374: 237:, Austrian Empire 16:(Redirected from 10834: 10792:Dukes of Mercœur 10712:Counts of Artois 10393: 10392: 10309:Economic history 10280: 10279: 10173: 10172: 10102: 10101: 9980: 9959: 9858:Seven Years' War 9823:Wars of Religion 9819: 9804:House of Bourbon 9799:Early modern era 9779:Fundamental laws 9655:Military history 9630: 9629: 9607: 9600: 9593: 9584: 9583: 9534: 9522:Temple of Reason 9493: 9469: 9450: 9431: 9430: 9382:Thomas Jefferson 9326: 9325: 9245:de Chateaubriand 9175:Joseph Bonaparte 9170:Lucien Bonaparte 9160:Marie Antoinette 9115: 9114: 9102:Sylvain Maréchal 9057:François Hanriot 8892:Louis Philippe I 8819:Louis Philippe I 8814:Philippe Égalité 8756:Olympe de Gouges 8726:Charlotte Corday 8716:Étienne Clavière 8516: 8515: 8498:Antonio Ricardos 8483: 8482: 8468:Andrei Rosenberg 8448: 8447: 8418: 8417: 8393: 8392: 8363:Ralph Abercromby 8350: 8349: 8325: 8302: 8289: 8281: 8273: 8260: 8247: 8224: 8223: 8215: 8214: 8119: 8066:Marcellin Marbot 7889: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7870:Military leaders 7866: 7865: 7853: 7845: 7841:Treaty of Amiens 7826: 7818: 7810: 7789: 7781: 7773: 7765: 7744: 7743:(25–26 Sep 1799) 7736: 7728: 7727:(17–20 Jun 1799) 7720: 7712: 7711:(27–28 Apr 1799) 7704: 7696: 7688: 7687:(20–21 Mar 1799) 7680: 7672: 7668:Second Coalition 7651: 7643: 7635: 7627: 7619: 7598: 7590: 7582: 7578:Treaty of Leoben 7574: 7566: 7565:(14–15 Jan 1797) 7562:Battle of Rivoli 7558: 7550: 7546:Italian campaign 7529: 7521: 7520:(15–17 Nov 1796) 7517:Battle of Arcole 7513: 7505: 7497: 7489: 7481: 7473: 7465: 7457: 7453:Battle of Amberg 7449: 7436: 7428: 7424:Battle of Lonato 7420: 7416:Italian campaign 7394: 7373: 7365: 7352: 7344: 7336: 7328: 7320: 7311: 7290: 7289:(26–27 Dec 1793) 7277: 7269: 7231: 7223: 7219:Battle of Famars 7187: 7112: 7111: 7094: 7086: 7078: 7059: 7040: 7032: 7013: 7005: 6985: 6977: 6969: 6950: 6942: 6934: 6925: 6917: 6909: 6886: 6878: 6870: 6862: 6852: 6844: 6836: 6816: 6808: 6800: 6781: 6773: 6765: 6757: 6749: 6741: 6733: 6714: 6706: 6698: 6690: 6682: 6681:(20–21 Jun 1791) 6661: 6653: 6645: 6636: 6617: 6609: 6601: 6593: 6585: 6577: 6569: 6561: 6553: 6545: 6537: 6529: 6521: 6500: 6492: 6488:Day of the Tiles 6471: 6470: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6348: 6347: 6333: 6277: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6008: 6007: 5938:House of Bourbon 5821:House of Bourbon 5545:García Sánchez I 5527:House of Jiménez 5500:House of Íñiguez 5482: 5475: 5468: 5459: 5458: 5410:Louis Philippe I 5401:House of Orléans 5363:House of Bourbon 5291:House of Bourbon 4827: 4820: 4813: 4804: 4803: 4787: 4725:King Louis XVIII 4554: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4448: 4442: 4424: 4393: 4359:Preceded by 4349: 4342: 4333:Capetian dynasty 4325:House of Bourbon 4316: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4301: 4288: 4274: 4172: 4171: 4158: 4152: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4042: 4036: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3980: 3974: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3831: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3799: 3790: 3787: 3778: 3775: 3766: 3763: 3757: 3754: 3743: 3742: 3713: 3700: 3697: 3686: 3683: 3677: 3670: 3664: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3563: 3560: 3551: 3548: 3539: 3538: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3080: 3071: 3068: 3059: 3056: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3012:Antonia Fraser, 3010: 3004: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2929: 2920: 2919: 2908: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2859: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2815:Marie Antoinette 2742: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2722: 2691: 2683: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2181: 2164: 2162: 2161: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2122:: Knight of the 2118: 2117: 2116: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2069:Russian Empire: 2068: 2066: 2065: 2051:: Knight of the 2047: 2046: 2045: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2012: 2010: 2009: 1994: 1992: 1991: 1945:Legion of Honour 1926: 1925: 1924: 1892:House of Bourbon 1813:Hradschin Palace 1775:Duchess of Berry 1654:Jacques Laffitte 1646:Tuileries Palace 1593:electoral system 1465:House of Orléans 1439: 1419:Tuileries Palace 1371:it now hangs in 1178:heir presumptive 1089:Pavillon de Mars 1085:Tuileries Palace 1054:Coalition forces 956:attempted flight 805:Seven Years' War 741:Bois de Boulogne 727: 724: 680:Marie Antoinette 660:Marie Antoinette 567:Madame de Marsan 517:House of Bourbon 501:Louis Philippe I 493:press censorship 416:and opposed the 402:heir-presumptive 371: 293: 276: 274: 231: 214: 212: 136: 126: 114:Louis Philippe I 81: 55: 52: 44: 32: 31: 21: 10842: 10841: 10837: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10832: 10831: 10827:French generals 10687:Kings of France 10632: 10631: 10630: 10625: 10624: 10605: 10587: 10568:Public holidays 10481: 10440:Life expectancy 10378: 10265: 10158: 10087: 10056:Great Recession 10029:Fourth Republic 10024:1900 to present 10012: 9929:Second Republic 9893: 9862: 9785: 9738: 9705: 9684: 9619: 9611: 9581: 9572: 9447:La Marseillaise 9436: 9435:Cultural impact 9421: 9331: 9312: 9279: 9235:Madame du Barry 9225:Catherine Théot 9215:Thérésa Tallien 9106: 9097:Gracchus Babeuf 9042:François Chabot 8999: 8991: 8912:Georges Couthon 8907:Marquis de Sade 8872:Jean-Paul Marat 8848: 8804:Bertrand Barère 8770: 8681: 8662:Boissy d'Anglas 8657:Madame de Staël 8622:Antoine Barnave 8590: 8583: 8574: 8521: 8502: 8477: 8472: 8442: 8437: 8412: 8407: 8387: 8382: 8344: 8339: 8323: 8300: 8287: 8279: 8271: 8258: 8245: 8234:József Alvinczi 8218: 8200: 8182: 8123:Nicolas Oudinot 8113: 8046:Claude Lecourbe 8041:Charles Leclerc 7936:Guillaume Brune 7906:Pierre Augereau 7876: 7871: 7856: 7851: 7849:Treaty of Paris 7843: 7829: 7824: 7816: 7808: 7792: 7787: 7779: 7771: 7763: 7747: 7742: 7734: 7726: 7718: 7710: 7702: 7694: 7686: 7678: 7670: 7654: 7649: 7641: 7633: 7625: 7617: 7601: 7596: 7588: 7580: 7572: 7564: 7556: 7548: 7532: 7527: 7519: 7511: 7503: 7495: 7487: 7479: 7471: 7463: 7455: 7447: 7434: 7426: 7418: 7402: 7392: 7376: 7371: 7363: 7350: 7342: 7334: 7326: 7318: 7309: 7293: 7288: 7275: 7267: 7265:Siege of Toulon 7229: 7221: 7204:First Coalition 7190: 7181: 7117: 7102: 7092: 7084: 7076: 7062: 7057: 7043: 7038: 7030: 7016: 7011: 7003: 6983: 6975: 6967: 6953: 6948: 6940: 6932: 6923: 6915: 6907: 6889: 6884: 6876: 6868: 6866:Law of Suspects 6860: 6850: 6842: 6834: 6814: 6812:Reign of Terror 6806: 6798: 6784: 6779: 6771: 6763: 6755: 6747: 6739: 6731: 6717: 6712: 6704: 6696: 6688: 6680: 6666: 6651: 6643: 6634: 6620: 6615: 6607: 6599: 6592:(4–11 Aug 1789) 6591: 6583: 6575: 6567: 6559: 6551: 6543: 6535: 6527: 6525:Réveillon riots 6519: 6503: 6498: 6490: 6476: 6465: 6380: 6375: 6345: 6340: 6327: 6235: 6172: 6098: 6089: 6077: 6044: 6035: 6005: 6000: 5981: 5940:- Upper Navarre 5932: 5901:- Upper Navarre 5893: 5877:- Upper Navarre 5869: 5823:- Lower Navarre 5815: 5799:- Lower Navarre 5797:House of Albret 5791: 5779:House of Albret 5773: 5764:Francis Phoebus 5750: 5713: 5686:House of Évreux 5680: 5637: 5604: 5521: 5495: 5486: 5456: 5451: 5440: 5421: 5395: 5357: 5331: 5285: 5260: 5187:House of Valois 5181: 5092: 5053:Charles the Fat 5012:Pepin the Short 4997: 4988: 4864: 4863: 4834: 4831: 4801: 4796: 4781: 4765: 4751:King Louis XVII 4734: 4698: 4677: 4639: 4612: 4581: 4555: 4546: 4532:King Louis XIII 4520: 4495: 4490: 4456: 4446:July Revolution 4444: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4429: 4416: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4381:July Revolution 4372: 4364: 4348:6 November 1836 4343: 4337: 4336: 4328: 4321: 4296: 4281: 4243: 4236:(1940) pp 1–58. 4229:(Morrow, 1961). 4181: 4179:Further reading 4176: 4175: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4139: 4135: 4126: 4124: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4092: 4081: 4077: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3981: 3977: 3972:Wayback Machine 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3832: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3781: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3746: 3731: 3714: 3703: 3698: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3607: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3566: 3561: 3554: 3549: 3542: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3255:Fraser, p. 383. 3254: 3250: 3227: 3213: 3209: 3205:Fraser, p. 340. 3204: 3200: 3193: 3179: 3175: 3171:Fraser, p. 338. 3170: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3153:Fraser, p. 326. 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3118: 3114: 3110:Fraser, p. 221. 3109: 3105: 3098: 3084:Seward, Desmond 3081: 3074: 3070:Fraser, p. 178. 3069: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3046:Fraser, p. 189. 3045: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3011: 3007: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2963: 2959: 2944: 2930: 2923: 2909: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2802: 2743: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2708: 2692: 2681: 2676: 2356:Maria of Poland 2179: 2159: 2157: 2134: 2132: 2114: 2112: 2096: 2094: 2063: 2061: 2043: 2041: 2025: 2023: 2007: 2005: 1989: 1987: 1922: 1920: 1900: 1832:second marriage 1771:Holyrood Palace 1767:Lulworth Castle 1756:tricolour flags 1744:packet steamers 1713: 1642:Marshal Marmont 1573:royal residence 1556: 1554:July Revolution 1550: 1548:July Revolution 1526: 1520: 1514: 1477:biens nationaux 1437: 1407: 1389:Coronation Mass 1385:Luigi Cherubini 1365:Thomas Lawrence 1287:charter of 1814 1272:François Gérard 1240: 1234: 1229: 1201:Duke of Orléans 1162: 1134:Napoleonic army 1110:Charter of 1814 1068:abdicated. The 1058:southern France 1036: 1030: 958:was stopped at 870: 820:Estates General 813:Catholic Church 801: 725: 706:, and farmers. 614: 555:Count of Artois 525: 513:Austrian Empire 497:July Revolution 489:July Ordinances 477:hefty indemnity 461:Catholic Church 430:Charter of 1814 428:granted by the 426:civil liberties 406:ultra-royalists 317: 287: 286: 278: 270: 266: 263: 250: 233: 229: 228:6 November 1836 216: 210: 208: 207: 169: 165: 158: 151: 144: 138: 137: 132: 124:Prime ministers 122: 116: 94:Reims Cathedral 92: 79: 70: 56: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10840: 10830: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10707:Dukes of Berry 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10627: 10626: 10623: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10606: 10604: 10603: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10524:Cultural icons 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10491: 10489: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10463: 10462: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10383: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10344:Stock exchange 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10294: 10289: 10283: 10277: 10271: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10226: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10214: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10193: 10192: 10182: 10176: 10170: 10164: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10144:National parks 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10119:Climate change 10116: 10111: 10105: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10041:Fifth Republic 10038: 10037: 10036: 10026: 10020: 10018: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9967: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9949:Third Republic 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9920: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9903: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9886: 9884:First Republic 9881: 9879:Napoleonic era 9876: 9870: 9868: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9795: 9793: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9782: 9781: 9771: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9754: 9748: 9746: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9724:Greek colonies 9721: 9715: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9703: 9698: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9636: 9634: 9627: 9621: 9620: 9610: 9609: 9602: 9595: 9587: 9578: 9577: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9526: 9525: 9524: 9517:Cult of Reason 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9461: 9459:Flag of France 9456: 9451: 9441: 9438: 9437: 9427: 9426: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9322: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9287: 9285: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9265:Jacques Necker 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9121: 9119: 9112: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9087:Claire Lacombe 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9012:Jacques Hébert 9008: 9006: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8867:Georges Danton 8864: 8858: 8856: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8780: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8711:Henri Grégoire 8707: 8702: 8697: 8691: 8689: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8652:Camille Jordan 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8593: 8591: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8531: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8512: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8500: 8495: 8489: 8487: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8454: 8452: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8435: 8430: 8424: 8422: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8399: 8397: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8356: 8354: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8296: 8291: 8283: 8275: 8267: 8262: 8254: 8249: 8241: 8236: 8230: 8228: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8198: 8192: 8190: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7897: 7895: 7886: 7873: 7872: 7862: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7846: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7819: 7811: 7802: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7782: 7774: 7766: 7757: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7737: 7732:Battle of Novi 7729: 7721: 7719:(4–7 Jun 1799) 7713: 7705: 7697: 7689: 7681: 7673: 7664: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7644: 7636: 7628: 7620: 7611: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7591: 7583: 7575: 7567: 7559: 7551: 7542: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7522: 7514: 7512:(6–7 Nov 1796) 7506: 7498: 7490: 7482: 7474: 7466: 7458: 7450: 7442: 7437: 7429: 7427:(3–4 Aug 1796) 7421: 7412: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7398:Peace of Basel 7395: 7386: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7374: 7366: 7358: 7353: 7345: 7337: 7329: 7321: 7312: 7303: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7283: 7278: 7270: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7240:Siege of Mainz 7237: 7232: 7224: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7200: 7198: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7176: 7171: 7169:Siege of Mainz 7166: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7156: 7151: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7095: 7087: 7079: 7070: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7033: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7006: 7001:13 Vendémiaire 6998: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6978: 6970: 6961: 6959: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6926: 6918: 6910: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6879: 6871: 6863: 6853: 6848:Levée en masse 6845: 6837: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6809: 6801: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6774: 6766: 6758: 6753:10th of August 6750: 6742: 6734: 6725: 6723: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6707: 6699: 6691: 6683: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6664: 6654: 6646: 6637: 6635:(Feb–Jul 1790) 6628: 6626: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6610: 6602: 6594: 6586: 6578: 6570: 6562: 6554: 6546: 6538: 6530: 6522: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6493: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6477: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6374: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6351: 6342: 6341: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6310: 6304: 6290: 6284: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6246: 6244: 6243:(1814–present) 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6183: 6181: 6180:(1883–present) 6174: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6113: 6111: 6110:(1830–present) 6100: 6099: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6068: 6062: 6055: 6053: 6046: 6045: 6034: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6011: 6002: 6001: 5993:King of France 5989:King of Aragon 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5878: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5802: 5800: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5723: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5690: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5647: 5645: 5643:House of Capet 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5590:García Ramírez 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5531: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5512:García Íñiguez 5509: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5485: 5484: 5477: 5470: 5462: 5453: 5452: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5432: 5430: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5342: 5340: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5275: 5273: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5101: 5098:House of Capet 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5019: 5014: 5008: 5006: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4959:Childebert III 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4773: 4771: 4770:9th generation 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4739:8th generation 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4730:King Charles X 4727: 4722: 4720:King Louis XVI 4717: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4703:7th generation 4700: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4682:6th generation 4679: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4644:5th generation 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4617:4th generation 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4589: 4587: 4586:3rd generation 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4567:King Louis XIV 4563: 4561: 4560:2nd generation 4557: 4556: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4525:1st generation 4522: 4521: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4489: 4488: 4481: 4474: 4466: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4449: 4433:King of France 4422: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4389:Louis Philippe 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369:King of France 4365: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4354:Regnal titles 4351: 4350: 4341:9 October 1757 4329: 4322: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4294: 4280: 4279:External links 4277: 4276: 4275: 4263:10.2307/286306 4242: 4241:Historiography 4239: 4238: 4237: 4232:Wolf, John B. 4230: 4223: 4216: 4213:French History 4209: 4202: 4192: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4153: 4133: 4101: 4075: 4059: 4037: 4022: 3996: 3975: 3957: 3931: 3905: 3878: 3852: 3823: 3791: 3779: 3767: 3758: 3744: 3729: 3701: 3687: 3678: 3665: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3616: 3605: 3585: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3540: 3523: 3505: 3498: 3476: 3464: 3455: 3440: 3433: 3413: 3411:Price, p. 109. 3404: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3338: 3329: 3327:Nagel, p. 153. 3320: 3311: 3309:Nagel, p. 207. 3302: 3293: 3284: 3282:Nagel, p. 118. 3275: 3273:Nagel, p. 113. 3266: 3257: 3248: 3225: 3207: 3198: 3191: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3112: 3103: 3096: 3072: 3060: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3026:Charles Porset 3018: 3016:, pp. 113–116. 3005: 2989: 2983: 2957: 2942: 2921: 2900: 2875: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2783: 2777: 2745: 2744: 2695: 2693: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2187: 2186: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2143:Knight of the 2140:Two Sicilies: 2130: 2128:6 October 1761 2110: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2082:Knight of the 2080: 2072:Knight of the 2059: 2057:4 October 1824 2039: 2021: 2019:2 October 1824 2003: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1951: 1941: 1939:1 January 1771 1933:Knight of the 1899: 1896: 1888:Louis Alphonse 1779:Regent Terrace 1712: 1709: 1606:Adolphe Thiers 1552:Main article: 1549: 1546: 1516:Main article: 1513: 1510: 1497:National Guard 1461:Royal Highness 1446:ultraroyalists 1406: 1403: 1373:Windsor Castle 1236:Main article: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1182:ultra-royalist 1161: 1158: 1103:10 August 1792 1075:ultra-royalist 1062:letters patent 1032:Main article: 1029: 1026: 1018:Jelgava Palace 968:court-in-exile 869: 866: 843:Jacques Necker 800: 797: 613: 610: 524: 521: 441:his coronation 382:King of France 373: 372: 365: 361: 360: 355: 351: 350: 345: 341: 340: 335: 331: 330: 325: 319: 318: 316: 315: 312: 307: 302: 296: 294: 280: 279: 268: 264: 259: 258: 256: 252: 251: 245: 243: 239: 238: 232:(aged 79) 226: 222: 221: 215:9 October 1757 204: 200: 199: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 171: 170: 168: 167: 160: 153: 146: 131: 130: 129: 127: 119: 118: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 89: 83: 82: 76: 72: 71: 64: 62:King of France 58: 57: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10839: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10607: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10594: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10484: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10461: 10458: 10457: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10405:Birth control 10403: 10401: 10398: 10397: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10385: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10303: 10300: 10299: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10272: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10191: 10188: 10187: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10180:Constitutions 10178: 10177: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10165: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10094: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10042: 10039: 10035: 10032: 10031: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10015: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9979: 9978: 9977:Années folles 9973: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9958: 9957: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9939:Second Empire 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9921: 9918: 9917:July Monarchy 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9865: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9816:Ancien Régime 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9788: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9741: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9708: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9637: 9635: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9608: 9603: 9601: 9596: 9594: 9589: 9588: 9585: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9531:Sans-culottes 9527: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9502:Metric system 9500: 9498: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9442: 9439: 9432: 9428: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9338: 9337: 9334: 9327: 9323: 9309: 9306: 9302: 9301:Panthéon Club 9299: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9190:Joachim Murat 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9113: 9109: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 9004: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8967:Gilbert Romme 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8789:de Cambacérès 8787: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8706: 8705:Madame Roland 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8642:André Chénier 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8597:Grace Elliott 8595: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8582: 8577: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8513: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8481: 8475: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8446: 8440: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8404: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8284: 8282: 8276: 8274: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8222: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8158:Joseph Souham 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8117: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8101:Joachim Murat 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8081:André Masséna 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7867: 7863: 7852:(25 Jun 1802) 7850: 7847: 7844:(25 Mar 1802) 7842: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7823: 7820: 7817:(18 Mar 1801) 7815: 7812: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7786: 7783: 7778: 7775: 7772:(15 Jun 1800) 7770: 7767: 7764:(14 Jun 1800) 7762: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7741: 7738: 7735:(15 Aug 1799) 7733: 7730: 7725: 7722: 7717: 7714: 7709: 7706: 7701: 7698: 7695:(25 Mar 1799) 7693: 7690: 7685: 7682: 7677: 7676:Siege of Acre 7674: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7648: 7647:Peasants' War 7645: 7640: 7637: 7632: 7629: 7624: 7621: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7604: 7597:(17 Oct 1797) 7595: 7592: 7589:(18 Apr 1797) 7587: 7584: 7581:(17 Apr 1797) 7579: 7576: 7573:(25 Jan 1797) 7571: 7568: 7563: 7560: 7557:(13 Jan 1797) 7555: 7552: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7535: 7526: 7523: 7518: 7515: 7510: 7507: 7502: 7499: 7496:(26 Oct 1796) 7494: 7491: 7488:(19 Oct 1796) 7486: 7483: 7478: 7475: 7470: 7467: 7462: 7459: 7456:(24 Aug 1796) 7454: 7451: 7448:(11 Aug 1796) 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7433: 7430: 7425: 7422: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7396: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7370: 7367: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7351:(26 Jun 1794) 7349: 7346: 7341: 7338: 7335:(22 May 1794) 7333: 7330: 7327:(18 May 1794) 7325: 7322: 7316: 7313: 7310:(24 Apr 1794) 7308: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7276:(13 Oct 1793) 7274: 7271: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7228: 7225: 7222:(23 May 1793) 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7185: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7120: 7113: 7109: 7099: 7096: 7093:(24 Dec 1799) 7091: 7088: 7083: 7080: 7077:(18 Jun 1799) 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7058:(11 May 1798) 7056: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7037: 7034: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7010: 7007: 7002: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6976:(22 Aug 1795) 6974: 6971: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6956: 6949:(11 Nov 1794) 6947: 6944: 6939: 6936: 6933:(28 Jul 1794) 6930: 6927: 6924:(27 Jul 1794) 6922: 6919: 6916:(10 Jun 1794) 6914: 6911: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6883: 6880: 6877:(16 Oct 1793) 6875: 6872: 6869:(17 Sep 1793) 6867: 6864: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6851:(23 Aug 1793) 6849: 6846: 6843:(13 Jul 1793) 6841: 6838: 6833: 6830: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6805: 6802: 6799:(21 Jan 1793) 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6780:(22 Sep 1792) 6778: 6775: 6770: 6767: 6762: 6759: 6756:(10 Aug 1792) 6754: 6751: 6746: 6743: 6740:(25 Jul 1792) 6738: 6735: 6732:(20 Apr 1792) 6730: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6711: 6708: 6703: 6700: 6697:(27 Aug 1791) 6695: 6692: 6689:(17 Jul 1791) 6687: 6684: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6669: 6662:(14 Jul 1790) 6660: 6659: 6655: 6652:(12 Jul 1790) 6650: 6647: 6644:(23 Jun 1790) 6642: 6638: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6614: 6611: 6606: 6603: 6600:(26 Aug 1789) 6598: 6595: 6590: 6587: 6582: 6579: 6576:(14 Jul 1789) 6574: 6571: 6566: 6563: 6560:(20 Jun 1789) 6558: 6555: 6550: 6547: 6544:(4 June 1789) 6542: 6539: 6534: 6531: 6528:(28 Apr 1789) 6526: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6499:(21 Jul 1788) 6497: 6494: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6404:Ancien Régime 6401: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6372: 6367: 6365: 6360: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6150: 6146: 6144: 6143:Philippe VIII 6140: 6137: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6093: 6084: 6073: 6069: 6067: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6012: 6009: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5972:Ferdinand III 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5756:House of Foix 5753: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5540:Jimeno Garcés 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5517:Fortún Garcés 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5483: 5478: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4984:Childeric III 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4949:Theuderic III 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4914:Childebert II 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4867: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4828: 4823: 4821: 4816: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4794: 4793: 4784: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4661:King Louis XV 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4510:Son of France 4506: 4505: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4482: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4468: 4467: 4464: 4455: 4447: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4370: 4363: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4340: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4326: 4317: 4309: 4307: 4300: 4295: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3979: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3961: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3867: 3866:RTV Slovenija 3863: 3856: 3841: 3840:RTV Slovenija 3837: 3830: 3828: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3762: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3730:0-8597-6413-3 3726: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3682: 3675: 3669: 3662: 3656: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3620: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3602:2-2620-0545-1 3599: 3595: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3536: 3533: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3480: 3471: 3469: 3459: 3451: 3444: 3436: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3390: 3384:Price, p. 84. 3381: 3372: 3363: 3357:Price, p. 50. 3354: 3345: 3343: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3264:Price, p. 170 3261: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3218: 3211: 3202: 3194: 3188: 3184: 3177: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3107: 3099: 3097:9798367430301 3093: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3043: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2997:Évelyne Lever 2993: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2939: 2935: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2889: 2885: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2841: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2810:Sofia Coppola 2807: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2741: 2738: 2730: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2696:This section 2694: 2690: 2685: 2684: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2205: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2172: 2168: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1824:Chateaubriand 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1722: 1717: 1708: 1706: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1674:Place d'Armes 1671: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1610:Armand Carrel 1607: 1603: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1560: 1555: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1530:Mediterranean 1525: 1519: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1490:primogeniture 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1411: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1299:Chateaubriand 1294: 1290: 1288: 1279: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1189:Duke of Berry 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1168:, the writer 1167: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1150:mob lynchings 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1078:secret police 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1048: 1047:Pauline Auzou 1044: 1040: 1035: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 952: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 917: 915: 911: 910:Louis-Charles 907: 903: 899: 895: 887: 883: 879: 874: 868:Life in exile 865: 863: 859: 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 829: 825: 821: 816: 814: 810: 806: 796: 794: 790: 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 737:hunting lodge 734: 720: 716: 711: 707: 705: 701: 700:shepherdesses 697: 693: 692:Petit Trianon 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 667: 665: 664:Marie Thérèse 661: 657: 656:Duke of Berry 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 636:Louis Antoine 632: 630: 623: 618: 609: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 587:Louis Auguste 584: 580: 579:heir apparent 576: 575:Louis Auguste 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 547:Marie Josèphe 545: 541: 538: 529: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 370: 366: 362: 359: 356: 352: 349: 346: 342: 339: 336: 332: 329: 326: 324: 320: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 295: 292: 291: 285: 281: 262: 257: 253: 248: 244: 240: 236: 227: 223: 219: 205: 201: 197: 194: 191: 187: 183: 179: 176: 172: 164: 161: 157: 154: 150: 147: 143: 140: 139: 135: 128: 125: 120: 115: 112: 108: 105: 102: 98: 95: 90: 88: 84: 80:2 August 1830 77: 73: 68: 63: 59: 48: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 10510:Coat of arms 10500:Architecture 10472:Social class 10430:Homelessness 10415:Demographics 10369:Trade unions 10302:Central bank 10244:criminal law 10207:Human rights 10190:presidential 10034:Algerian War 10017:Contemporary 9991:Vichy France 9986:World War II 9956:Belle Époque 9889:First Empire 9791:Early Modern 9762:West Francia 9538:Phrygian cap 9483:Bastille Day 9397:Thomas Paine 9352:Edmund Burke 9347:Beaumarchais 9341:Les Lumières 9339: 9180:Joseph Fesch 9124: 9092:Pauline Léon 9062:Jacques Roux 9001: 8585: 8011:Lazare Hoche 7996:Paul Grenier 7966:Louis Desaix 7825:(8 Jul 1801) 7809:(9 Feb 1801) 7780:(3 Dec 1800) 7703:(5 Apr 1799) 7504:(6 Nov 1796) 7480:(8 Sep 1796) 7472:(4 Sep 1796) 7464:(3 Sep 1796) 7435:(5 Aug 1796) 7364:(2 Oct 1794) 7343:(1 Jun 1794) 7085:(9 Nov 1799) 7031:(4 Sep 1797) 6968:(1 Apr 1795) 6938:White Terror 6931:guillotined 6908:(5 Apr 1794) 6855: 6835:(2 Jun 1793) 6705:(3 Sep 1791) 6656: 6616:(2 Nov 1789) 6608:(5 Oct 1789) 6536:(5 May 1789) 6514: 6491:(7 Jun 1788) 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6275:Napoléon III 6136:Philippe VII 6117: 5957:Ferdinand II 5864: 5738: 5731: 5507:Íñigo Arista 5447: 5436:Napoleon III 5414: 5388: 5381: 5376: 5350: 5324: 5278: 5270: 5265: 5226:Charles VIII 4994:Carolingians 4979:Theuderic IV 4969:Chilperic II 4964:Dagobert III 4944:Childeric II 4939:Chlothar III 4884:Childebert I 4870:Merovingians 4789: 4729: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4417: 4411: 4395: 4394: 4387: 4376: 4367: 4345: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4305: 4257:(1): 41–67. 4254: 4248: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4208:(2009): 1–8. 4205: 4195: 4185: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4125:, retrieved 4113: 4104: 4093:, retrieved 4088: 4078: 4068: 4062: 4045: 4040: 4029: 4025: 4013:. Retrieved 4008: 3999: 3985: 3978: 3960: 3948:. Retrieved 3943: 3934: 3922:. Retrieved 3917: 3908: 3896:. Retrieved 3891: 3881: 3869:. Retrieved 3855: 3843:. Retrieved 3814:. Retrieved 3807: 3761: 3720: 3681: 3673: 3668: 3660: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3628: 3619: 3612: 3608: 3593: 3588: 3579: 3534: 3526: 3517: 3508: 3485: 3479: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3423: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3216: 3210: 3201: 3182: 3176: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3137:. Retrieved 3126:The Guardian 3125: 3115: 3106: 3087: 3042: 3033: 3021: 3013: 3008: 3000: 2992: 2966: 2960: 2933: 2915: 2912:Price, Munro 2891:. Retrieved 2887: 2878: 2864: 2857: 2839: 2830: 2813: 2803: 2792:, had issue. 2748: 2733: 2724: 2709:Please help 2697: 2413: 2171:9 March 1825 2170: 2127: 2107: 2087: 2077: 2056: 2036: 2018: 2000: 1959:10 July 1816 1958: 1948: 1938: 1906: 1881: 1864:, he caught 1855: 1836: 1821: 1802: 1787: 1783: 1764: 1760: 1741: 1702: 1698: 1690: 1673: 1662: 1650: 1635: 1629: 1621:Palais-Royal 1613: 1599: 1597: 1569: 1565: 1527: 1494: 1475: 1469: 1458: 1450: 1435: 1416: 1396: 1382: 1378: 1358: 1330: 1326: 1305: 1295: 1291: 1284: 1241: 1186: 1163: 1129:White Terror 1125:Hundred Days 1122: 1107: 1092: 1088: 1082: 1051: 1042: 1016:and then to 995: 984: 953: 941:royal family 918: 891: 851: 832: 817: 802: 783: 764: 753: 745:neoclassical 730: 688: 668: 648:pamphleteers 643: 633: 626: 603: 583:tuberculosis 534: 438: 414:divine right 377: 376: 288: 230:(1836-11-06) 159:(1829–1830) 152:(1828–1829) 145:(1824–1828) 133: 29: 10652:1836 deaths 10647:1757 births 10620:WikiProject 10435:Immigration 10425:Health care 10287:Agriculture 10239:enforcement 9996:Free France 9965:World War I 9912:Restoration 9899:Late Modern 9769:Middle Ages 9744:Middle Ages 9729:Celtic Gaul 9407:Abbé Sieyès 9392:Montesquieu 9308:Social Club 9250:Jean Chouan 9140:Louis XVIII 8917:Roger Ducos 8887:Paul Barras 8854:Montagnards 8784:Abbé Sieyès 8587:monarchiens 8395:Netherlands 8324:(Hungarian) 8272:(Hungarian) 8188:French Navy 8114: [ 8036:Jean Lannes 7893:French Army 7671:(1798–1802) 7642:(1798–1800) 7626:(1798–1801) 7356:Chouannerie 7317:(Pyrenees) 7182: [ 7149:Chouannerie 6941:(Fall 1794) 6929:Robespierre 6308:Napoléon VI 6288:Napoléon IV 6257:Napoléon II 6224:Alphonse II 6206:Charles XII 6072:Louis XVIII 6052:(1792–1815) 5967:Charles VII 5884:Ferdinand I 5704:Charles III 5623:Theobald II 5429:(1852–1870) 5403:(1830–1848) 5372:Louis XVIII 5352:Napoleon II 5293:(1589–1792) 5271:(1422–1453) 5216:Charles VII 5189:(1328–1589) 5063:Charles III 5048:Carloman II 5024:(Charles I) 5022:Charlemagne 4974:Chlothar IV 4929:Sigebert II 4919:Chlothar II 4904:Chilperic I 4894:Charibert I 4419:Louis XVIII 4362:Louis XVIII 4190:online free 3946:(in French) 3920:(in French) 3871:20 February 3845:20 February 3816:20 February 3812:(in French) 3809:Le Parisien 3450:Louis XVIII 2893:24 February 2836:(in French) 2776:, no issue. 2037:13 May 1825 1949:3 July 1816 1886:, although 1877:Nova Gorica 1737:Nova Gorica 1686:Rambouillet 1682:Rambouillet 1637:Le National 1625:streetlamps 1577:Saint-Cloud 1341:Victor Hugo 1320:, frank as 1310:Saint Louis 1193:Paris Opera 978:issued the 878:Blue plaque 726: 1775 644:libellistes 457:bondholders 445:royal touch 394:Louis XVIII 358:Catholicism 166:(1830–1830) 104:Louis XVIII 100:Predecessor 91:29 May 1825 54: 1825 10636:Categories 10563:Philosophy 10548:Literature 10460:secularism 10256:Parliament 10051:2005 riots 10001:Liberation 9867:Revolution 9734:Roman Gaul 9719:Prehistory 9675:Journalism 9296:Cordeliers 9210:Talleyrand 9135:Louis XVII 8997:Hébertists 8751:Jean Debry 8581:Feuillants 8210:Opposition 8106:Michel Ney 7528:(Dec 1796) 7136:Thionville 7039:(Dec 1797) 7012:(May 1796) 7004:5 Oct 1795 6981:Directoire 6861:(painting) 6764:(Sep 1792) 6748:(Jun 1792) 6581:Great Fear 6520:(Jan 1789) 6411:Revolution 6251:Napoléon I 6249:1814 1815 6218:Jacques II 6212:Alphonse I 6194:Charles XI 6104:Legitimist 6066:Louis XVII 5977:Isabella I 5962:Charles VI 5947:Philip VII 5908:Charles IV 5740:Blanche II 5733:Charles IV 5699:Charles II 5694:Philip III 5618:Theobald I 5600:Sancho VII 5560:Sancho III 5346:Napoleon I 5326:Louis XVII 5305:Louis XIII 5251:Charles IX 5246:Francis II 5211:Charles VI 5177:Charles IV 5152:Philip III 5142:Louis VIII 5107:Hugh Capet 5100:(987–1328) 5033:Charles II 5017:Carloman I 4999:Robertians 4924:Dagobert I 4909:Sigebert I 4889:Chlothar I 4148:, London, 3672:Castelot, 3659:Castelot, 2849:References 1870:Franciscan 1798:morganatic 1790:Marseilles 1581:ordinances 1522:See also: 1263:in 1775. 1123:After the 1066:Napoleon I 954:After the 864:to Paris. 862:Versailles 747:architect 449:landowners 386:Louis XVII 249:, Slovenia 211:1757-10-09 87:Coronation 49:portrait, 47:Coronation 10420:Education 10374:Transport 10224:Judiciary 10185:Elections 10139:Mountains 10097:Geography 9843:Louis XIV 9633:Overviews 9130:Louis XVI 9125:Charles X 8776:The Plain 8687:Girondins 8627:Lafayette 8288:(Walloon) 8270:Pál Kray 8246:(Walloon) 7788:(1800–02) 7639:Quasi-War 7098:Consulate 6984:(1795–99) 6439:Consulate 6432:Directory 6320:present ( 6200:Jacques I 6161:Henri VII 6124:Louis XIX 6118:Charles X 6074:1814 1815 6060:Louis XVI 5928:Charles V 5923:Philip VI 5913:Philip IV 5865:Charles V 5845:Louis III 5835:Henry III 5769:Catherine 5709:Blanche I 5671:Charles I 5666:Philip II 5595:Sancho VI 5585:Alfonso I 5570:Sancho IV 5550:Sancho II 5383:Louis XIX 5377:Charles X 5320:Louis XVI 5310:Louis XIV 5256:Henry III 5236:Francis I 5231:Louis XII 5206:Charles V 5196:Philip VI 5157:Philip IV 5137:Philip II 5132:Louis VII 5112:Robert II 5043:Louis III 5005:(751–987) 4954:Clovis IV 4934:Clovis II 4872:(509–751) 4454:Louis XIX 4127:8 October 3676:, p. 491. 3674:Charles X 3663:, p. 482. 3661:Charles X 3594:Charles X 3243:12443706M 3235:177826440 3134:0261-3077 3001:Louis XVI 2806:Al Weaver 2770:Louis XIX 2727:July 2020 2698:does not 2088:June 1815 2078:June 1815 1839:Ferdinand 1758:at them. 1589:dissolved 1472:indemnity 1369:George IV 1337:Lamartine 1318:Francis I 1314:Louis XII 1205:Salic law 1114:bicameral 1006:Edinburgh 996:When the 987:emigrants 824:commoners 789:Joseph II 696:milkmaids 599:Élisabeth 549:, at the 465:sacrilege 390:Louis XVI 378:Charles X 364:Signature 193:Louis XIX 189:Successor 110:Successor 35:Charles X 10610:Category 10543:Language 10455:Religion 10400:Abortion 10354:Taxation 10251:Military 10212:Intersex 10202:Politics 10168:Politics 9970:Interwar 9665:Economic 9660:Language 9645:Timeline 9490:Panthéon 9478:Muscadin 9473:Marianne 9412:Voltaire 9291:Jacobins 9284:Factions 8824:Mirabeau 8280:(French) 7174:Jemappes 7158:Dauphiné 6641:Nobility 6453:Journals 6446:Glossary 6425:Republic 6397:Timeline 6322:disputed 6230:Louis XX 6188:Jean III 6155:Henri VI 6149:Jean III 5952:Louis II 5918:Philip V 5889:Joan III 5860:Louis VI 5850:Louis IV 5840:Louis II 5811:Joan III 5806:Henry II 5787:John III 5651:Philip I 5575:Sancho V 5535:Sancho I 5489:Monarchs 5315:Louis XV 5300:Henry IV 5241:Henry II 5221:Louis XI 5172:Philip V 5147:Louis IX 5127:Louis VI 5122:Philip I 5078:Louis IV 5068:Robert I 5038:Louis II 5003:Bosonids 4879:Clovis I 4504:Henri IV 4188:(1931). 4095:17 March 4015:17 March 3968:Archived 3950:26 March 3924:26 March 3898:24 March 3739:1026529M 3719:(1995). 3139:7 August 3086:(2022). 2952:76769541 2177:Ancestry 1875:(now in 1601:National 1538:fly swat 1429:and the 1322:Henry IV 1303:brochure 960:Varennes 949:Montmédy 807:and the 606:smallpox 595:Clotilde 559:Louis XV 544:Dauphine 451:for the 422:liberals 354:Religion 220:, France 181:Pretence 134:See list 10601:Outline 10583:Theatre 10578:Symbols 10538:Gardens 10528:Fashion 10520:Cuisine 10487:Culture 10477:Welfare 10450:Poverty 10388:Society 10364:Tourism 10324:Exports 10297:Banking 10275:Economy 10234:history 10129:Islands 10124:Borders 9757:Francia 9711:Ancient 9689:Regions 9640:History 9625:History 9372:Diderot 9118:Figures 9003:Enragés 8709:Father 8420:Prussia 8352:Britain 8301:(Saxon) 8259:(Swiss) 8226:Austria 6296:/ 1891 6232:present 6169:present 6167:Jean IV 6130:Henri V 5995:. Also 5991:. Also 5855:Louis V 5830:Antoine 5746:Eleanor 5727:John II 5676:Joan II 5656:Louis I 5628:Henry I 5580:Peter I 5493:Navarre 5448:italics 5390:Henry V 5201:John II 5162:Louis X 5117:Henry I 5088:Louis V 5083:Lothair 5073:Rudolph 5028:Louis I 4899:Guntram 4311:. 1914. 3537:. 1828. 3520:. 1827. 2719:removed 2704:sources 1915:, 1827. 1898:Honours 1866:cholera 1851:cholera 1847:Teplitz 1721:Gorizia 1678:Trianon 1670:cortège 1383:It was 1154:Mamluks 976:Prussia 970:in the 964:Koblenz 906:regency 886:Mayfair 839:liberal 739:in the 537:Dauphin 509:Gorizia 328:Bourbon 277: 269: 265: 67:more... 10615:Portal 10515:Cinema 10495:Anthem 10467:Racism 10445:People 10339:Mining 10314:Energy 10149:Rivers 10114:Cities 10046:May 68 9617:topics 9614:France 9111:Others 8450:Russia 7884:France 7549:(1797) 7419:(1796) 7154:Vendée 7131:Verdun 6958:1795–6 6901:Danton 6460:Museum 6390:Causes 6263:Joseph 6040:since 5661:John I 5633:Joan I 5167:John I 4790:until 4412:Vacant 4377:Vacant 4344: 4308: 4271:286306 4269: 4200:online 3737: 3727: 3600: 3496: 3431: 3241: 3233: 3223: 3189: 3132: 3094: 2981: 2950: 2940: 2757:, and 2163: 2138: 2100: 2067: 2029: 2011: 1993: 1828:Leoben 1809:Prague 1794:Vendée 1750:, the 1632:raided 1482:francs 1070:Senate 1014:Verona 880:at 72 760:livres 756:livres 704:valets 569:, the 344:Mother 334:Father 290:Detail 255:Spouse 242:Burial 10573:Sport 10558:Music 10553:Media 10410:Crime 10134:Lakes 9568:Films 8485:Spain 8118:] 7186:] 7179:Namur 7164:Lille 7141:Valmy 6312:1997 6306:1926 6302:Louis 6292:1879 6286:1873 6273:1846 6269:Louis 6267:1844 6261:1832 6255:1821 6228:1989 6222:1975 6216:1941 6210:1936 6204:1931 6198:1909 6192:1887 6186:1883 6165:2019 6159:1999 6153:1940 6147:1926 6141:1894 6134:1883 6128:1844 6122:1836 6116:1830 6070:1795 6064:1793 6058:1792 5987:Also 4346:Died: 4339:Born: 4267:JSTOR 4166:[ 4150:p. 53 4034:p. 18 2822:Notes 2120:Spain 1666:Vichy 1583:that 1474:(the 1249:Reims 1227:Reign 1146:Brune 1099:Seine 1022:Mitau 925:Trier 921:Turin 898:Condé 894:Savoy 717:, by 540:Louis 323:House 284:Issue 271:( 267: 75:Reign 10533:Flag 10319:Euro 10217:LGBT 9000:and 8584:and 7834:1802 7798:1801 7753:1800 7660:1799 7607:1798 7538:1797 7408:1796 7382:1795 7299:1794 7196:1793 7123:1792 7067:1799 7048:1798 7021:1797 6903:and 6894:1794 6789:1793 6722:1792 6671:1791 6625:1790 6508:1789 6481:1788 6042:1792 5001:and 4792:1713 4129:2020 4097:2020 4017:2020 3952:2020 3926:2020 3900:2020 3873:2017 3847:2017 3818:2017 3725:ISBN 3598:ISBN 3494:ISBN 3429:ISBN 3231:OCLC 3221:ISBN 3187:ISBN 3141:2023 3130:ISSN 3092:ISBN 2979:ISBN 2948:OCLC 2938:ISBN 2895:2019 2702:any 2700:cite 2628:15. 2570:14. 2508:13. 2450:12. 2386:11. 2328:10. 2108:1827 2001:1825 1858:Görz 1172:and 779:duel 392:and 235:Görz 225:Died 203:Born 10505:Art 10229:Law 8360:Sir 5491:of 5058:Odo 4513:or 4259:doi 4122:419 4118:415 3991:159 3490:176 2971:doi 2870:221 2808:in 2713:by 2596:7. 2534:3. 2476:6. 2412:1. 2354:5. 2292:2. 2266:9. 2234:4. 2208:8. 1911:by 1777:at 1575:in 1363:by 1324:". 1180:'s 1142:Ney 1056:in 1045:by 947:at 503:as 412:by 10638:: 8116:fr 7184:fr 6316:/ 6300:/ 4788:* 4302:. 4265:. 4255:12 4253:. 4144:, 4120:, 4112:, 4087:, 4054:78 4052:, 4050:63 3942:. 3916:. 3826:^ 3794:^ 3782:^ 3770:^ 3747:^ 3735:OL 3733:. 3704:^ 3690:^ 3567:^ 3555:^ 3543:^ 3516:. 3492:. 3467:^ 3341:^ 3239:OL 3237:. 3229:. 3128:. 3124:. 3075:^ 3063:^ 3051:^ 2999:, 2977:, 2946:. 2924:^ 2914:. 2903:^ 2886:. 2838:: 2818:. 2169:, 2126:, 2106:, 2086:, 2076:, 2055:, 2035:, 2017:, 1999:, 1957:, 1947:, 1937:, 1930:: 1781:. 1688:. 1648:. 1627:. 1608:, 1587:, 1456:. 1448:. 1339:, 1120:. 1105:. 1020:, 951:. 884:, 876:A 795:. 723:c. 721:, 698:, 686:. 631:. 593:, 589:, 519:. 273:m. 69:) 51:c. 9606:e 9599:t 9592:v 6370:e 6363:t 6356:v 6334:* 6324:) 6282:) 6278:( 6138:* 6106:/ 6030:e 6023:t 6016:v 5999:. 5481:e 5474:t 5467:v 5450:. 4996:, 4826:e 4819:t 4812:v 4674:* 4668:* 4631:* 4519:; 4485:e 4478:t 4471:v 4273:. 4261:: 4146:I 4056:. 4019:. 3993:. 3954:. 3928:. 3902:. 3875:. 3849:. 3820:. 3741:. 3502:. 3437:. 3245:. 3195:. 3143:. 3100:. 2973:: 2954:. 2897:. 2872:. 2740:) 2734:( 2729:) 2725:( 2721:. 2707:. 1438:X 1400:. 1375:. 1351:. 646:( 213:) 209:( 65:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Charles X of France

Index