602:
4113:
413:
1945:
33:
2880:
405:
1957:
344:
2042:
appointed him to the ministry of foreign affairs and in the following
November, Polignac became president of the council, effectively the most powerful politician in France. His appointment was considered a step towards overthrowing the constitution and Polignac, with other ministers, was held
2107:
From his second marriage to Maria-Charlotte
Parkyns, daughter of Lord Rancliffe, Jules de Polignac had fathered seven children, including Prince Ludovic de Polignac (1827–1904), a lieutenant-colonel in the French Army who participated in the colonization of
450:
in 1789, Jules's mother and her circle were forced to flee abroad due to threats against their lives. She had been one of the most consistent supporters of absolutism, and she bequeathed these political sympathies to her son following her death in 1793.
2103:
and received a ÂŁ15,765 payment at the time (worth ÂŁ1.89 million in 2024). Although a French subject, de
Polignac had connections in the British Empire due to his Scottish wife, Barbara Campbell (1788–1819), daughter of Duncan Campbell of Ardnave.
459:
Jules married twice. He was married firstly, in 1816, at London to
Barbara Campbell (Ardneaves House, Islay 22 Aug. 1788 – Saint-Mandé 23 May 1819), a young Scotswoman, who later returned with him to France, with whom he had two children:
2681:. He predeceased his father Sir Thomas Parkyns, 3rd Bt (1728–1806) and was succeeded in the barony of Rancliffe 1800 by his son George Augustus Anne, who became 4th Bt in 1806. The second Baron Rancliffe died 1850 without issue.
553:. He married twice: by his first marriage, he had one daughter; by his second marriage, he had two daughters and one son, Prince Victor de Polignac (1899–1998). He has issue and descendants through his eldest daughter.
2135:
Jules died at St. Germain in 1847 from the effects of his imprisonment. About one month prior, he had assumed the title of duc de
Polignac upon the death of his older brother, Armand, who had died without children.
4480:
571:
The couple's marriage was annulled by the French
Chamber of Peers, but Jules and Charlotte went to England after his release in 1836, and they renewed their vows before the French consul in 1837.
495:
He had met her while she was renewing her passport at the London embassy, where he was the
Ambassador (1823–1829). They had five children, two of whom were born while their father was in prison:
2321:
439:. Due to his mother's privileged position, the young Jules was raised in the environment of the court of Versailles, where his family occupied a luxurious suite of thirteen rooms. His sister,
5677:
5652:
2075:
2035:. There is little historical evidence for this story, however. There is no mention of such motivation in Polignac's personal memoirs or in the memoirs of the Restoration court.
2070:(1832). Afterwards, he spent several years in exile in England before being permitted to re-enter France, on condition that he never again take up his abode in Paris.
510:
the same year. He married Jeanne Emilie Mirès (called Amelie by Kahan) and had one daughter. He died some time after a very public trial exonerated his father-in-law
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4758:
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2004:, Jules continued in his zealous loyalty to the exiled Royal Family. In 1804, a year after his sister's death, Jules was implicated in the conspiracy of
471:
After his first wife's death in 1819, he married in London, on 3 June 1824, Charlotte, comtesse de
Choiseul, widow of comte Cesar de Choiseul (d. 1821),
443:, was married to the duc de Guîche at a young age, helping to cement the Polignac family's position as one of the leaders of high society at Versailles.
104:
4216:
2016:, he was rewarded with various honours and positions. He held various offices, received from the Pope his title of "Prince," in 1820, and in 1823, King
4420:
4425:
2150:
of the
Polignac family, which has the comital rank only. Pierre was the youngest son, descended from the youngest son of the first Duke of Polignac.
4410:
1987:
1274:
4510:
4720:
2113:
1174:
542:
314:
5375:
3720:
1224:
4455:
4360:
2715:
2691:
1534:
4500:
4886:
4533:
4065:
2988:
2900:
2895:
2751:
See Kahan p.11 According to Kahan, Jules was allowed conjugal visits from his wife, and thus his last two sons were conceived in prison.
2099:, paid from the public budget (formally ending in 2015). de Polignac was associated with three different claims, he owned 628 slaves in
4330:
3209:
5627:
2031:
At the time, it was rumoured that
Polignac supported ultra-royalist policies because he thought he was receiving inspiration from the
1478:
4876:
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3050:
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151:
85:
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4695:
4058:
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1254:
1065:
4355:
4642:
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4164:
2760:
1929:
4738:
4647:
4340:
5007:
4596:
4286:
3098:
1980:
1396:
479:(Maria) Charlotte Parkyns (St. Marylebone, 6 Jan. 1792 – 1/2 Sep. 1864). She was the youngest child (of six children) of
4690:
4490:
4470:
4375:
3181:
3161:
2062:. At his trial before the Chamber of Peers, he was condemned and sentenced to 'perpetual' imprisonment at the château in
1689:
1361:
995:
480:
139:
464:
Prince Armand (1817–1890), later 4th duc de Polignac; he has male-line descendants to date who bear the principal title.
5642:
4543:
4370:
4250:
4190:
4169:
4148:
2139:
343:
532:
4783:
4763:
3108:
3073:
3004:
2261:
1571:
5022:
4174:
4143:
2666:
2100:
2066:. But he benefited by the amnesty of 1836, when his sentence was commuted to exile. During his captivity, he wrote
1264:
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5622:
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4475:
4405:
4038:
1973:
1654:
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1015:
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3012:
965:
907:
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5662:
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4515:
2020:
made him ambassador to Great Britain. A year later, his mother's former friend ascended the throne as King
1744:
1616:
1080:
642:
4445:
2091:. The British Government took out a ÂŁ15 million loan (worth ÂŁ1.8 billion in 2024) with interest from
4309:
4255:
3093:
2088:
1751:
1566:
1045:
940:
870:
428:
328:
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3045:
127:
5657:
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2935:
2847:
2084:
1554:
1443:
1294:
1184:
4929:
4909:
4891:
4871:
4851:
2185:
8. Scipion Sidoine Apolinaire Gaspard Armand (XX) de Polignac, Viscount Polignac, Marquis of Chalencon
1346:
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3896:
3282:
2829:
2125:
2080:
1675:
1646:
1611:
1524:
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524:
in 1851 and pursued a military career. He married in 1874 Gabriele, Princess von Croy, with no issue.
318:
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3627:
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and therefore an ancestor of the entire current princely family) is descended from a different and
1900:
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44:
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1100:
803:
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5501:
5423:
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3833:
985:
666:
5400:
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4823:
4685:
3755:
3153:
1668:
1601:
1529:
782:
591:
432:
332:
1805:
601:
521:
503:
5551:
5541:
5458:
4979:
4856:
4841:
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3901:
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2143:
1890:
1606:
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1135:
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838:
819:
732:
203:
4992:
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4748:
4619:
4345:
3143:
3118:
2871:
The Life of John Stuart Mill, Michael St. John Packe, Capricorn Books Edition 1970, page 100
1784:
531:. She was born shortly before her father's incarceration as an Ultra. In 1848, she married
5637:
5617:
5612:
5516:
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5032:
5017:
4901:
4861:
3966:
3362:
3337:
3312:
3297:
3287:
3267:
3247:
3196:
2648:
Michael St. John Packe, refers to Polignac as "rascally" in his "Life of John Stuart Mill".
2489:
1798:
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1214:
1040:
917:
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536:
528:
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304:
5531:
5481:
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1483:
875:
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8:
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5207:
5097:
5087:
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4195:
4092:
3597:
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2039:
2021:
1949:
1581:
1576:
1413:
1356:
902:
808:
647:
517:
385:
308:
65:
5317:
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5222:
5142:
5042:
3996:
3951:
3662:
3617:
3602:
3552:
3522:
3457:
3322:
2024:. Polignac's political sympathies did not alter, and he was one of the most conspicuous
1791:
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2001:
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1819:
1723:
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2012:
to assassinate Bonaparte, and was imprisoned until 1813. After the restoration of the
1433:
1418:
1234:
1020:
520:
or "Louis" (1827–1904), born during his father's ambassadorship in London. He entered
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3881:
3863:
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3612:
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2059:
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560:
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187:
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1850:
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511:
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5107:
5092:
4390:
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3632:
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3472:
3078:
2957:
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2117:
2096:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1857:
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1514:
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1453:
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955:
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492:
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436:
393:
97:
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3562:
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3307:
1408:
858:
183:
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5237:
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5187:
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5037:
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3517:
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3452:
3442:
3427:
3392:
3372:
3352:
3347:
3317:
2943:
2798:
2767:
2677:
He was son of Sir Thomas Parkyns, 4th Bt, and was created Baron Rancliffe in the
2129:
2054:
Upon the outbreak of revolt, he fled, wandering for some time among the wilds of
2048:
2044:
1714:
1705:
1682:
1509:
1468:
1403:
1351:
1194:
1130:
1090:
1055:
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970:
758:
628:
389:
364:
221:
5471:
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5167:
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3367:
3186:
2973:
1915:
1488:
412:
5571:
5546:
5413:
5302:
5202:
5152:
5127:
4808:
4788:
4778:
4768:
4548:
4325:
4211:
4016:
3931:
3926:
3911:
3906:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3778:
3768:
3642:
3607:
3128:
3113:
2803:
2799:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
2025:
1884:
1591:
1473:
1423:
1140:
1050:
1005:
975:
912:
767:
722:
657:
377:
231:
5566:
5526:
5443:
5067:
4278:
3956:
3808:
3798:
3773:
3735:
3342:
2083:, de Polignac was awarded a payment as a slave trader in the aftermath of the
1381:
1366:
1000:
5606:
5486:
5433:
5345:
5327:
5277:
5197:
5082:
4919:
4881:
4846:
4836:
4730:
4011:
3961:
3936:
3921:
3916:
3828:
3818:
3763:
3467:
3412:
3407:
3387:
3377:
3357:
3332:
3176:
3065:
2891:
2886:
1961:
1777:
1549:
1519:
1391:
1125:
1010:
990:
831:
772:
564:
211:
3823:
2718:
Genealogy of Charlotte de Polignac, nee Parkyns, retrieved 24 December 2012.
1539:
32:
5521:
5511:
5365:
5350:
5337:
5322:
5312:
5282:
5252:
4634:
4465:
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3710:
3695:
3682:
3667:
3637:
3582:
3447:
3262:
2147:
1732:
1145:
1115:
1110:
1085:
1070:
922:
824:
690:
502:(1826–1863), born during his father's ambassadorship in London. He entered
5390:
3745:
3657:
3647:
697:
5428:
5292:
5132:
5052:
4987:
4001:
3838:
3813:
3327:
3302:
3272:
2032:
2017:
1922:
865:
751:
683:
678:
652:
285:
3843:
2063:
813:
787:
476:
2730:
In Search of New Scales: Prince Edmond De Polignac, Octatonic Explorer
1833:
2761:"Modern Day Line from Charles Allanson Knight and Jessie Anne Ramsey"
1812:
739:
704:
69:
404:
2055:
1826:
895:
673:
637:
207:
2885:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2643:
Les femmes du XVIIIe siècle: La duchesse de Polignac et son temps
2109:
746:
2208:
4. Louis HĂ©racle Armand (XXI) de Polastron, Viscount of Polignac
483:(created 1795) and his wife Elizabeth Anne James, and sister of
2128:(1834–1901), a composer, musical theorist and proponent of the
559:(1834–1901), later a noted musician and composer, who married
1771:
5678:
Recipients of payments from the Slavery Abolition Act 1833
5653:
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration
527:
Princess Yolande (1830–1855), named after her grandmother
357:
Jules Auguste Armand Marie de Polignac, Count of Polignac
2716:"Maria Charlotte Parkyns (Parkins) 1792 – post 1824"
2142:, later Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois (father of
2848:"Jules-Armand, prince de Polignac | French statesman"
408:
Portrait of Jules de Polignac during the First Empire
368:; 14 May 1780 – 30 March 1847), then
2630:
List of Ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom
3003:
2377:Jules de Polignac (1780–1847), Prince of Polignac
5604:
4308:
2826:"Prince Auguste Jules Armand Marie de Polignac"
2787:
2785:
2297:10. Jacques Hippolyte Mancini, Marquis Mancini
1535:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
1175:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
392:in 1830 that overthrew the senior line of the
4294:
4217:Charles Lemercier de Longpré, baron d'Haussez
4066:
2989:
2000:Returning to France, which was then ruled by
1981:
1225:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
2962:1 March 1847 – 30 March 1847
2904:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2782:
1920:
1749:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1687:
1673:
1659:
1637:
856:
829:
792:
756:
737:
688:
664:
626:
485:George Augustus Anne Parkyns, Lord Rancliffe
2465:13. Françoise de Mirmand, Countess Plaissan
2436:6. Count Jean François Gabriel de Polastron
529:Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac
4301:
4287:
4073:
4059:
2996:
2982:
2043:responsible for the decision to issue the
1988:
1974:
117:28 December 1822 – 4 January 1828
31:
2795:inflation figures are based on data from
2890:
2047:, which were the immediate cause of the
411:
403:
261: 1816; died 1819)
105:French Ambassador to the United Kingdom
16:Prime minister of France from 1829-1830
5605:
2524:14. René Herault, Seigneur of Fontaine
2505:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2278:
2176:
2172:
2114:Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac
1650:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
454:
435:, a confidante and favourite of Queen
4282:
4054:
2977:
2842:
2840:
2796:
2576:15. Marie Marguerite Vieuxcourt Durey
2575:
2565:
2561:
2549:
2546:
2536:
2523:
2513:
2509:
2493:
2487:
2477:
2464:
2454:
2450:
2438:
2435:
2425:
2412:
2402:
2398:
2374:
2364:
2351:
2341:
2337:
2325:
2319:
2309:
2296:
2286:
2282:
2266:
2259:
2249:
2236:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2207:
2197:
2184:
2180:
1930:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
363:
57:8 August 1829 – 29 July 1830
2692:"George Augustus Henry Anne PARKYNS"
2413:12. Count Jean Baptiste de Polastron
2116:(1832–1913), a major-general in the
545:(1832–1913), a major-general in the
384:. He served as prime minister under
376:in 1847, was a French statesman and
4233:Louis de Ghaisne, comte de Bourmont
2732:University of Rochester Press, 2009
2076:Legacies of British Slave-Ownership
1690:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
481:Thomas Parkyns, 1st Baron Rancliffe
13:
4251:Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel
4191:Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier
4170:Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel
4149:Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel
2837:
467:Princess Seyna-Camille (1818–1833)
14:
5689:
1572:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
4175:Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet
4165:François-Régis de La Bourdonnaye
4144:Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol
4111:
2878:
2322:Diane Adélaide Zéphirine Mancini
2101:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1955:
1943:
600:
342:
4084:(8 August 1829 to 29 July 1830)
2865:
2818:
1655:Initiative and Liberty Movement
533:Sosthène II de La Rochefoucauld
427:, Jules was the younger son of
281:
258:
5648:Government ministers of France
5628:Politicians from ĂŽle-de-France
2773:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2721:
2709:
2684:
2671:
2660:
2162:Ancestors of Jules de Polignac
140:François-René de Chateaubriand
1:
4082:Ministry of Jules de Polignac
3005:Heads of government of France
2635:
2264:, Count then Duke of Polignac
399:
271:Charlotte Parkyns de Choiseul
2770:. Retrieved 25 December 2012
2028:during the Restoration era.
1617:Union for a Popular Movement
1265:The Future of Intelligentsia
493:Sir William Rumbold, 3rd Bt.
7:
4310:Foreign Ministers of France
4256:Martial de Guernon-Ranville
2834:Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
2623:
2547:7. Jeanne Charlotte Herault
2352:11. Anne Louise de Noailles
2153:
2089:Slave Compensation Act 1837
429:Jules, 1st Duke of Polignac
329:Jules, 1st Duke of Polignac
152:Pierre de Montmorency-Laval
10:
5694:
2499:
2392:
2272:
2174:
2085:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
2058:before he was arrested at
1555:VIA, the Way of the People
1295:The Tears of the White Man
1185:The Genius of Christianity
86:Jean-Baptiste de Martignac
5643:Prime ministers of France
5457:
5399:
5374:
5336:
4978:
4900:
4822:
4729:
4656:
4633:
4610:
4577:
4524:
4316:
4264:
4241:
4225:
4204:
4183:
4157:
4136:
4124:
4109:
4099:
4089:
4025:
3872:
3754:
3719:
3681:
3238:
3218:
3195:
3152:
3064:
3011:
2964:
2955:
2949:
2942:
2932:
2923:
2919:The Viscount of Martignac
2915:
2910:
2830:University College London
2563:
2555:
2530:
2511:
2507:
2471:
2452:
2444:
2419:
2400:
2396:
2358:
2339:
2331:
2303:
2284:
2280:
2243:
2224:
2216:
2191:
2178:
2126:Prince Edmond de Polignac
2081:University College London
2068:Considerations politiques
1676:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
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446:With the outbreak of the
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4100:President of the council
4033:Chief minister of France
2926:Prime Minister of France
2654:
2140:Comte Pierre de Polignac
1752:Service d'Action Civique
1165:Considerations on France
728:Catholic social teaching
582:This article is part of
128:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
45:Prime Minister of France
2901:Encyclopædia Britannica
2852:Encyclopedia Britannica
2797:Clark, Gregory (2017).
2766:19 October 2013 at the
2667:Encyclopædia Britannica
2093:Nathan Mayer Rothschild
2049:revolution of July 1830
1950:Conservatism portal
1740:Independent Republicans
1587:Independent Republicans
1285:Violence and the Sacred
1205:St Petersburg Dialogues
506:in 1849 and formulated
489:Henrietta, Lady Rumbold
5633:French Ultra-royalists
5623:People from Versailles
2237:9. Françoise de Mailly
1921:
1750:
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1602:Rally for the Republic
1530:Future with Confidence
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593:Conservatism in France
433:Gabrielle de Polastron
420:
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365:[ʒyldəpɔliɲak]
333:Gabrielle de Polastron
4039:Deputy Prime Minister
2144:Rainier III of Monaco
1911:Immigrant criminality
1891:Clerical philosophers
1607:Republican Federation
1275:The Reign of Quantity
966:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
881:Thermidorian Reaction
839:Traditional authority
643:Political Catholicism
508:Polignac's conjecture
491:(1789–1833), wife of
415:
407:
361:French pronunciation:
204:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
4242:Public Education and
4091:Head of state: King
2490:Yolande de Polastron
1901:French–German enmity
1305:The Tyranny of Guilt
1215:Democracy in America
918:Second French Empire
667:RĂ©volution nationale
537:Duke of Doudeauville
416:Coat of arms of the
374:3rd Duke of Polignac
284: 1824;
5673:French slave owners
5663:Princes of Polignac
4196:Jean de Chantelauze
4093:Charles X of France
2936:The Duke of Broglie
2696:genealogy.links.org
1806:La Nation française
1582:Movement for France
1577:French Social Party
1397:Political positions
1387:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
1016:Fustel de Coulanges
908:Bourbon Restoration
903:Second White Terror
648:Christian democracy
455:Marriages and issue
4970:La Tour d'Auvergne
4658:Second Restoration
2952:Armand de Polignac
2911:Political offices
2793:Retail Price Index
2679:Peerage of Ireland
2262:Jules de Polastron
2122:American Civil War
2038:On 8 August 1829,
2002:Napoleon Bonaparte
1896:European New Right
1820:Le Figaro Magazine
1785:Famille chrétienne
1662:La Manif pour tous
1315:The French Suicide
941:Barbey d'Aurevilly
891:Companions of Jehu
886:First White Terror
733:Counter-revolution
617:French nationalism
551:American Civil War
421:
410:
388:, just before the
370:Prince of Polignac
5658:Dukes of Polignac
5600:
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5467:Couve de Murville
5449:Couve de Murville
4706:Montmorency-Laval
4612:First Restoration
4276:
4275:
4270:Guillaume Capelle
4244:Religious Affairs
4205:Navy and Colonies
4130:Jules de Polignac
4118:Jules de Polignac
4105:Jules de Polignac
4048:
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3897:Couve de Murville
2972:
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2967:Jules de Polignac
2965:Succeeded by
2933:Succeeded by
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2073:According to the
1998:
1997:
1962:France portal
1906:French Revolution
1865:Valeurs actuelles
1372:de La Tour du Pin
1245:What Is a Nation?
876:War in the Vendée
561:Winnaretta Singer
448:French Revolution
418:House of Polignac
380:politician after
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25:Jules de Polignac
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4950:La Tour Auvergne
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3162:Dupont de l'Eure
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1597:Rally for France
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2804:MeasuringWorth
2781:
2779:See Kahan p.13
2772:
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2727:Sylvia Kahan.
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2218:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2152:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1885:Archeofuturism
1880:
1878:Related topics
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1851:Nouvelle École
1847:
1840:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1695:
1694:
1685:
1680:
1671:
1669:March for Life
1666:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:Party of Order
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:de Tocqueville
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
937:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
899:
898:
893:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
836:
827:
822:
816:
811:
806:
801:
800:
799:
785:
780:
778:French culture
775:
770:
768:Ethnopluralism
765:
764:
763:
754:
744:
735:
730:
725:
723:Anti-communism
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
707:
702:
701:
700:
695:
686:
681:
671:
662:
661:
660:
658:Ultramontanism
655:
650:
640:
635:
634:
633:
624:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
597:
596:
588:
587:
576:
573:
569:
568:
554:
543:Prince Camille
540:
525:
518:Prince Ludovic
515:
469:
468:
465:
456:
453:
401:
398:
382:the Revolution
378:ultra-royalist
372:, and briefly
352:
351:
348:
347:
340:
336:
335:
326:
322:
321:
298:
294:
293:
277:
273:
270:
269:
268:
267:
254:
250:
247:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
235:
234:
232:Ultra-royalist
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
201:(aged 66)
195:
191:
190:
168:
164:
163:
159:
158:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
108:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
63:
59:
58:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5690:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5492:Sauvagnargues
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5424:Mendès France
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4902:Second Empire
4899:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4731:July Monarchy
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Chateaubriand
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4456:L. Phélypeaux
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:Saint-Contest
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4346:R. Phélypeaux
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4318:Ancien RĂ©gime
4315:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4083:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Chaban-Delmas
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Mendès France
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3278:A. de Broglie
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:A. de Broglie
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3220:Government of
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3197:Second Empire
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:V. de Broglie
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:V. de Broglie
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3066:July Monarchy
3063:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2960:
2959:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2887:public domain
2868:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2776:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2645:(Paris, 1889)
2644:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
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1917:
1914:
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1909:
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1904:
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1899:
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1875:
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1867:
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1817:
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1814:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1792:L'Écho du Sud
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1754:
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1658:
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1648:
1645:
1642:
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1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:Organisations
1626:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
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1593:
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1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Soyons libres
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:French Future
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
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1477:
1475:
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1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
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1437:
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1427:
1425:
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1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1398:
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1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
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1355:
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1344:
1338:
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1327:
1326:
1322:
1317:
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1307:
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1297:
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1237:
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1232:
1227:
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1207:
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1202:
1197:
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1129:
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1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:de La Mennais
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
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994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
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979:
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969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:Intellectuals
932:
931:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
861:
860:
859:Ancien RĂ©gime
855:
854:
848:
847:
840:
837:
834:
833:
832:Souverainisme
828:
826:
823:
821:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
797:
796:
791:
790:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
773:Family values
771:
769:
766:
761:
760:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
745:
742:
741:
736:
734:
731:
729:
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724:
721:
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714:
713:
706:
703:
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696:
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687:
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682:
680:
677:
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669:
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659:
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639:
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631:
630:
625:
623:
620:
619:
618:
615:
614:
608:
607:
603:
599:
598:
595:
590:
589:
585:
581:
580:
572:
566:
565:mariage blanc
562:
558:
557:Prince Edmond
555:
552:
548:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
522:Polytechnique
519:
516:
513:
509:
505:
504:Polytechnique
501:
498:
497:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
466:
463:
462:
461:
452:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
419:
414:
406:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
358:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
327:
323:
320:
316:
310:
306:
302:Seyna-Camille
299:
295:
287:
266:
265:
243:
242:
240:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
220:
218:Resting place
216:
213:
209:
205:
196:
192:
189:
185:
184:ĂŽle-de-France
181:
169:
165:
160:
156:
153:
150:
144:
141:
138:
132:
129:
126:
120:
114:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
90:
87:
84:
78:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
54:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
5562:Alliot-Marie
5552:Douste-Blazy
5338:Vichy France
5298:Paul-Boncour
5268:Paul-Boncour
4715:
4701:La Ferronays
4643:Caulaincourt
4635:Hundred Days
4602:Caulaincourt
4579:First Empire
4534:Lebrun-Tondu
4516:Sainte-Croix
4265:Public Works
4129:
4117:
4104:
3683:Vichy France
3598:Paul-Boncour
3055:
2956:
2924:
2899:
2876:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2851:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2802:
2775:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2673:
2662:
2651:
2642:
2376:
2148:cadet branch
2138:
2134:
2106:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2053:
2037:
2030:
1999:
1883:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1733:Croix-de-Feu
1697:
1696:
1632:
1560:
1559:
1504:
1464:de La Rocque
1448:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
923:Vichy France
825:Social order
804:Metapolitics
795:Restauration
691:Maurrassisme
570:
563:in a famous
472:
470:
458:
445:
422:
373:
369:
356:
355:
199:(1847-03-02)
197:2 March 1847
147:Succeeded by
123:Appointed by
112:
93:Succeeded by
52:
18:
5638:Legitimists
5618:1847 deaths
5613:1780 births
5482:Bettencourt
5376:Provisional
4857:Tocqueville
4451:É. Choiseul
4446:C. Choiseul
4441:É. Choiseul
4351:Bouthillier
3721:Provisional
3013:Restoration
2742:Kahan, p 26
2701:25 December
2120:during the
2033:Virgin Mary
2018:Louis XVIII
1923:Sinistrisme
1916:Remigration
1479:de Vaublanc
1449:de Polignac
1357:Cathelineau
1341:Politicians
1041:de Jouvenel
1036:Houellebecq
1031:de Gobineau
866:Monarchiens
783:Imperialism
752:Meritocracy
679:Bonapartism
653:Integralism
549:during the
512:Jules Mirès
177:14 May 1780
135:Preceded by
81:Preceded by
5607:Categories
5497:Guiringaud
5378:Government
5013:Waddington
5008:Banneville
4998:A. Broglie
4945:La Valette
4935:La Valette
4799:Montebello
4784:V. Broglie
4764:V. Broglie
4759:SĂ©bastiani
4666:Talleyrand
4625:Talleyrand
4587:Talleyrand
4569:Talleyrand
4559:Talleyrand
4511:Dubouchage
3723:Government
3503:Clemenceau
3438:Clemenceau
3293:Waddington
3283:Rochebouët
3021:Talleyrand
2930:1829–1830
2636:Literature
1567:Feuillants
1540:ReconquĂŞte
1484:de Villèle
1459:Retailleau
1325:Submission
1158:Literature
1121:de Rivarol
1106:Peyrefitte
1101:d'Ornellas
1076:de Maistre
986:Brunetière
961:de Benoist
814:Patriotism
788:Monarchism
717:Principles
684:Legitimism
611:Ideologies
477:Honourable
425:Versailles
400:Early life
180:Versailles
173:1780-05-14
5208:Millerand
5173:Doumergue
5163:Bourgeois
5158:Doumergue
5123:Bourgeois
5103:Bourgeois
5098:Berthelot
5058:Freycinet
5043:Fallières
5033:Freycinet
5018:Freycinet
4925:Thouvenel
4832:Lamartine
4721:Mortemart
4676:Dessolles
4592:Champagny
4554:Delacroix
4539:Deforgues
4506:Chambonas
4496:Dumouriez
4486:Montmorin
4476:Montmorin
4471:Vergennes
4461:Aiguillon
4421:Puisieulx
4401:Chauvelin
4041:(defunct)
3992:Cazeneuve
3947:Bérégovoy
3882:De Gaulle
3864:De Gaulle
3731:De Gaulle
3653:Chautemps
3623:Doumergue
3613:Chautemps
3568:Chautemps
3508:Millerand
3473:Doumergue
3398:Bourgeois
3363:Freycinet
3338:Freycinet
3323:Fallières
3313:Freycinet
3298:Freycinet
3172:Cavaignac
3051:Martignac
3041:Richelieu
3031:Dessolles
3026:Richelieu
2112:; Prince
2087:with the
2060:Granville
2040:Charles X
2022:Charles X
1838:(Defunct)
1813:Le Figaro
1377:de Gaulle
1352:de Bonald
1255:The Crowd
1096:d'Orcival
971:de Bonald
946:Bainville
896:Muscadins
871:Feuillant
740:Dirigisme
705:Sarkozysm
698:Orléanism
386:Charles X
339:Signature
325:Parent(s)
113:In office
70:Louis XIX
66:Charles X
53:In office
5592:Séjourné
5582:Le Drian
5557:Kouchner
5542:Villepin
5532:Charette
5507:Cheysson
5477:Schumann
5346:Baudouin
5328:Baudouin
5318:Daladier
5308:Daladier
5273:Daladier
5228:Lefebvre
5223:Poincaré
5178:Delcassé
5143:Poincaré
5113:Delcassé
5108:Hanotaux
5093:Hanotaux
5063:Flourens
5028:Gambetta
4960:Ollivier
4940:Moustier
4915:Walewski
4867:La Hitte
4862:Rayneval
4716:Polignac
4711:Portalis
4681:Pasquier
4620:Laforest
4564:Reinhard
4481:Vauguyon
4416:Argenson
4411:Noailles
4406:Chaillou
4396:Morville
4386:Huxelles
4371:Pomponne
4356:Chavigny
4331:Villeroy
4158:Interior
3997:Philippe
3972:Villepin
3967:Raffarin
3952:Balladur
3892:Pompidou
3859:Pflimlin
3854:Gaillard
3804:Queuille
3794:Queuille
3784:Queuille
3764:Ramadier
3663:Daladier
3633:Bouisson
3618:Daladier
3603:Daladier
3553:Poincaré
3538:Painlevé
3523:Poincaré
3498:Painlevé
3458:Poincaré
3453:Caillaux
3308:Gambetta
3205:Ollivier
3182:Hautpoul
3079:Laffitte
3056:Polignac
2896:Polignac
2764:Archived
2624:See also
2154:Ancestry
2056:Normandy
2014:Bourbons
2010:Pichegru
2006:Cadoudal
1827:Le Point
1799:La Croix
1778:Éléments
1745:Hussards
1454:Pompidou
1439:Poincaré
1429:PĂ©cresse
1419:Maréchal
1414:MacMahon
1195:The Pope
1141:Veuillot
1061:Lemaître
1056:Lefebvre
981:Bruckner
809:Nativism
674:Royalism
638:Gaullism
622:Integral
584:a series
423:Born in
305:Alphonse
297:Children
286:annulled
208:Yvelines
62:Monarchs
5587:Colonna
5577:Ayrault
5547:Barnier
5537:VĂ©drine
5517:Raimond
5419:Bidault
5414:Schuman
5409:Bidault
5386:Bidault
5356:Flandin
5323:Reynaud
5313:Reynaud
5288:Flandin
5278:Barthou
5263:Herriot
5258:Tardieu
5243:Herriot
5233:Herriot
5213:Leygues
5198:Barthou
5183:Viviani
5168:Viviani
5148:Jonnart
5118:Rouvier
5083:Develle
5073:Spuller
5038:Duclerc
5003:Decazes
4993:RĂ©musat
4965:Gramont
4920:Baroche
4882:Baroche
4877:Brénier
4847:Bastide
4837:Bastide
4774:Bresson
4744:Jourdan
4597:Bassano
4501:Naillac
4491:Lessart
4431:Rouillé
4376:Croissy
4361:Brienne
4341:Sillery
4184:Justice
4137:Finance
4026:Related
4017:Barnier
3982:Ayrault
3942:Cresson
3907:Messmer
3789:Bidault
3779:Schuman
3769:Schuman
3741:Bidault
3701:Flandin
3668:Reynaud
3643:Sarraut
3628:Flandin
3608:Sarraut
3593:Herriot
3588:Tardieu
3573:Tardieu
3563:Tardieu
3548:Herriot
3533:Herriot
3513:Leygues
3483:Viviani
3468:Barthou
3433:Sarrien
3428:Rouvier
3408:Brisson
3353:Floquet
3348:Rouvier
3333:Brisson
3318:Duclerc
3288:Dufaure
3268:Dufaure
3248:Dufaure
3187:Faucher
3104:Mortier
3046:Villèle
3036:Decazes
2889::
2857:25 June
2110:Algeria
2079:at the
1834:Présent
1724:Civitas
1698:Defunct
1561:Defunct
1501:Parties
1489:Zemmour
1474:Schuman
1469:Sarkozy
1444:Poisson
1424:Messmer
1409:Malraux
1404:Maurras
1347:Bellamy
1091:Maurras
1071:Madiran
1066:Le Play
1021:Dumézil
976:Boutang
956:Barruel
851:History
747:Elitism
315:Camille
312:Yolande
309:Ludovic
290:
278:
274:
263:
255:
251:
238:Spouses
74:Henry V
5572:Fabius
5487:Jobert
5444:Pleven
5439:Pineau
5361:Darlan
5303:Bonnet
5293:Delbos
5248:Briand
5238:Briand
5218:Briand
5203:Pichon
5188:Briand
5153:Pichon
5138:Selves
5133:Cruppi
5128:Pichon
5068:Goblet
4887:Turgot
4842:Bedeau
4814:Guizot
4809:Thiers
4789:Thiers
4754:Maison
4739:Bignon
4648:Bignon
4549:Herman
4544:Goujon
4466:Bertin
4436:Bernis
4391:Dubois
4366:Lionne
4002:Castex
3977:Fillon
3962:Jospin
3937:Rocard
3932:Chirac
3927:Fabius
3922:Mauroy
3912:Chirac
3844:Mollet
3829:Laniel
3809:Pleven
3799:Pleven
3706:Darlan
3691:PĂ©tain
3673:PĂ©tain
3558:Briand
3543:Briand
3518:Briand
3488:Briand
3463:Briand
3443:Briand
3423:Combes
3403:MĂ©line
3368:Loubet
3358:Tirard
3343:Goblet
3263:Buffet
3258:Cissey
3230:Trochu
3177:Barrot
3139:Guizot
3129:Thiers
3114:Thiers
3094:GĂ©rard
3084:Perier
2883:
2124:; and
1844:Minute
1633:Active
1505:Active
1434:PĂ©tain
1367:Ciotti
1329:(2015)
1319:(2014)
1309:(2006)
1299:(1983)
1289:(1972)
1279:(1945)
1269:(1905)
1259:(1895)
1249:(1882)
1239:(1864)
1229:(1855)
1219:(1835)
1209:(1821)
1199:(1819)
1189:(1802)
1179:(1797)
1169:(1796)
1086:Massis
1051:Le Bon
1026:Guénon
1011:Freund
1001:Daudet
991:Carrel
951:Barrès
818:
575:Career
431:, and
319:Edmond
300:Armand
212:France
5567:Juppé
5527:Juppé
5522:Dumas
5512:Dumas
5472:Debré
5434:Pinay
5429:Faure
5366:Laval
5351:Laval
5283:Laval
5253:Laval
5193:Ribot
5078:Ribot
5053:Ferry
4988:Favre
4804:Soult
4779:Rigny
4769:Rigny
4696:Damas
4381:Torcy
4326:Revol
4012:Attal
4007:Borne
3987:Valls
3957:Juppé
3917:Barre
3887:Debré
3839:Faure
3824:Mayer
3819:Pinay
3814:Faure
3774:Marie
3736:Gouin
3711:Laval
3696:Laval
3638:Laval
3583:Laval
3578:Steeg
3493:Ribot
3478:Ribot
3448:Monis
3413:Dupuy
3393:Ribot
3388:Dupuy
3378:Dupuy
3373:Ribot
3328:Ferry
3303:Ferry
3273:Simon
3167:Arago
3134:Soult
3124:Soult
3099:Maret
3089:Soult
2810:7 May
2655:Notes
1772:CNews
1766:Media
1382:Juppé
1146:Ye'or
1131:Taine
1126:Rueff
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