Killing of Muhammad al-Durrah

1770:, 22 May 2013: "Another familiar 'proof' of the hoax cited by the Kuperwasser Committee is that 'the injuries and scars presented by Jamal as having been inflicted during the incident were actually the result of his having been assaulted in 1992 by Palestinians wielding knives and axes …' This revelation was supplied by Dr. Yehuda David, a hand surgeon at Israel’s Tel Hashomer hospital who treated Jamal for those earlier injuries in 1994. His statement to the committee says the Jordanian hospital medical reports on Jamal 'support my assertion that the paralysis of Mr. Al-Durrah’s right hand was not a result of an injury allegedly suffered at the Netzarim junction several days before, as he claimed, but had been caused by the earlier injuries which I had treated in 1994.'" 716:

scene, was reported to have been shot and killed, leaving a widow and eleven children. Abu Rahma said Muhammad lay bleeding for at least 17 minutes before an ambulance picked up father and son together. He said he did not film them being picked up because he was worried about having only one battery. Abu Rahma remained at the junction for 30–40 minutes until he felt it was safe to leave, then drove to his studio in Gaza City to send the footage to Enderlin. The 59 seconds of footage were first broadcast on France 2's nightly news at 8:00 pm local time (GMT+2), after which France 2 distributed several minutes of raw footage around the world without charge.

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the incident. I was the first journalist to interview him on this subject. Mr. Jamal al-Durrah said that he was going accompanied by his son Mohammed to the car market, which is about 2km away to the north of Al-Shohada’ Junction, to buy a car. He told me that he failed to buy a car, so decided to go home. He and his son took a taxi. When they got close to the junction, they could not move forward because of the clashes and shooting there. So, they got out of the taxi and tried to walk towards Al-Bureij. As shooting intensified, they sheltered behind a concrete block. Then the incident occurred. Shooting lasted for 45 minutes."

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Palestinian blocks known as "the twins"; the shooter was firing at the IDF post, he said. The soldier added that he had not seen the al-Durrahs. The Israelis returned fire on a Palestinian station 30 metres to the left of the al-Durrahs. Their weapons were equipped with optics that allowed them to fire accurately, according to the soldier, and none of them had switched to automatic fire. In the view of the soldier, the shooting of Jamal and Muhammad was no accident. The shots did not come from the Israeli position, he said.

638:, that was sitting against the wall. A thick paving stone sat on top of the drum, which offered further protection. Abu Rahma hid behind a white minibus parked across the road about 15 metres away from the wall. The Reuters and Associated Press cameramen briefly filmed over Jamal and Muhammad's shoulders—the cameras pointing toward the Israeli outpost—before the men moved away. Jamal and Muhammad did not move away, but stayed behind the drum for 45 minutes. In Enderlin's view, they were frozen in fear. 725: 1508: 666: 680: 841:, said an internal investigation indicated the shots had apparently been fired by Israeli soldiers. The soldiers, under fire, had been shooting from small slits in the wall of their outpost; General Yom-Tov Samia, then head of the IDF's Southern Command said they may not have had a clear field of vision, and had fired in the direction from which they believed the fire was coming. Eiland issued an apology: "This was a grave incident, an event we are all sorry about." 1678:

was towards the child Mohammed and his father from the opposite direction to them. Intensive and intermittent shooting was directed at the two and the two outposts of the Palestinian National Security Forces. The Palestinian outposts were not a source of shooting, as shooting from inside these outposts had stopped after the first five minutes, and the child and his father were not injured then. Injuring and killing took place during the following 45 minutes."

373: 1053: 1257: 315: 789:: "They were cleaning the area. Of course they saw the father. They were aiming at the boy, and that is what surprised me, yes, because they were shooting at him, not only one time, but many times." He said shooting was also coming from the Palestinian National Security Forces outpost, but that they were not shooting when Muhammad was hit. The Israeli fire was being directed at this Palestinian outpost, he said. He told National Public Radio: 5942: 1464: 1131:. He thanked them for rejecting that the scene had been staged. He had reported that the shots were fired by the Israelis because, he wrote, he trusted the cameraman, who had worked for France 2 since 1988. In the days following the shooting, other witnesses, including other journalists, offered some confirmation, he said. He added that the Israeli army had not responded to France 2's offers to cooperate with their investigation. 823: 1181:, told Israel's Channel 10 that he had treated Jamal Al-Durrah in 1994 for knife and axe wounds to his arms and legs, injuries sustained during a gang attack. David maintained that the scars Jamal had presented as bullet wounds were in fact scars from a tendon-repair operation David had performed in the early 90s. When David repeated his allegations in an interview with a "Daniel Vavinsky," published in 2008 in 1724:, September 2003: "James Fallows writes, 'The footage of the shooting ... illustrates the way in which television transforms reality' and, notably, 'France 2 or its cameraman may have footage that it or he has chosen not to release.' We do not transform reality. But since some parts of the scene are unbearable, France 2 cut a few seconds from the scene, in accordance with our ethical charter." 514: 1152:

and some journalists on the scene. Abu Rahma said he remained at the junction for 30–40 minutes after the shooting. According to Schapira, he left for his studio in Gaza at around 4 pm, where he sent the footage to Enderlin in Jerusalem at around 6 pm. The news first arrived in London from the Associated Press at 6:00 pm BST (GMT+1), followed minutes later by a similar report from Reuters.

1300:, that he believed the boy's death was real, but that it had been staged to damage Israel. Doriel said the actors in this staged incident included the Palestinian gunmen, the cameraman Abu Rahma and even the boy's own father "who apparently didn't understand that the act would end in the murder of his son". When General Samia heard about the interview, he removed Doriel from the investigation. 1097:) had become involved. But Jeambar and Leconte ended up distancing themselves from Rosenzweig. He was involved with the Israeli-French Metula News Agency (known as Mena), which was pushing the view that the scene was a fake. Rosenzweig later called it "an almost perfect media crime." When Jeambar and Leconte wrote up their report about the raw footage, they initially offered it to 1156:

later said that he could not recall what he had told reporters about this. Records from the Al-Shifa Hospital reportedly show that a young boy was examined in the pathology department at midday. The pathologist, Dr. Abed El-Razeq El Masry, examined him for half an hour. He told Schapira that the boy's abdominal organs were lying outside his body, and he showed Schapira

564: 473:, Enderlin's coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was respected by other journalists but was regularly criticized by pro-Israel groups. As a result of the al-Durrah case, he received death threats, his wife was assaulted in the street, his children were threatened, the family had to move home, and at one point they considered emigrating to the United States. 535: 1044:

the ambulance arriving and leaving, he replied that he had only one battery. Enderlin reportedly told the Paris Court of Appeal that Abu Rahma changed batteries at that point. Enderlin wrote in 2008 that "footage filmed by a cameraman under fire is not the equivalent of a surveillance camera in a supermarket." Abu Rahma "filmed what circumstances permitted."

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including photographs and the names of witnesses. Enderlin said the commission had failed to speak to him, France 2, al-Durrah or other eyewitnesses, and had consulted no independent experts. According to Enderlin, France 2 stood ready to help al-Durrah have his son's body exhumed; he and al-Durrah said they were willing to take

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Talal Abu Rahma said that there had been a period of intense gunfire exchange between the IDF and Palestinian militants, followed by a period in which only the IDF was firing, and that Muhammad was killed during this latter period. Palestinians also criticized the report for concluding that Muhammad had been shot in the back; doctors in

652: 1139:, he wrote that, during the first months of the Second Intifada, the IDF had fired one million rounds of ammunition—700,000 in the West Bank and 300,000 in Gaza; from 29 September to late October 2000, 118 Palestinians had been killed, including 33 under the age of 18, compared to 11 adult Israelis killed during the same period. 454:. After briefly studying medicine, he moved to Jerusalem in 1968 where he became an Israeli national. He began working for France 2 in 1981, serving as their bureau chief in Israel from 1990 until his retirement in 2015. Enderlin is the author of several books about the Middle East, including one about Muhammad al-Durrah, 1283:. Other investigators included Meir Danino, chief scientist at Elisra Systems; Bernie Schechter, a ballistics expert, formerly with the Israeli police's criminal identification laboratory; and Chief Superintendent Elliot Springer, also from the criminal identification lab. A full list of names was never released. 244:, as they were caught in crossfire between the Israeli military and Palestinian security forces. Footage shows them crouching behind a concrete cylinder, the boy crying and the father waving, then a burst of gunfire and dust. Muhammad is shown slumping as he is mortally wounded by gunfire, dying soon after. 1571:(supreme court). In February 2012 it quashed the decision of the appeal court to overturn the conviction, ruling that the court should not have asked France 2 to provide the raw footage. The case was sent back to the appeal court, which convicted Karsenty of defamation in 2013 and fined him €7,000. 1168:

In 2002 Schapira interviewed three anonymous Israeli soldiers, "Ariel, Alexej and Idan," who said they had been on duty at the IDF post that day. They knew something was about to happen, one said, because of the camera crews that had gathered. One soldier said the live fire started from the high-rise

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said in 2005 that France 2 had shown the newspaper "the original 27-minute tape of the incident." When the Court of Appeal of Paris asked, in 2007, to see all the footage, during France 2's libel case against Philippe Karsenty, France 2 presented the court with 18 minutes of film,

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A pathologist examined the boy's body, but there was no full autopsy. It is unclear whether bullets were recovered from the scene or from Jamal and Muhammad. In 2002 Abu Rahma implied to Esther Schapira that he had collected bullets at the scene, adding: "We have some secrets for ourselves. We cannot

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was also cut. Talal Abu Rahma interviewed Jamal and the doctor there on camera the day after the shooting; Ghadeel displayed x-rays of Jamal's right elbow and right pelvis. Moshe Tamam, Jamal's Israeli employer, offered to have him taken to hospital in Tel Aviv, but the Palestinian Authority declined

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that only 18 minutes of film existed.) He began filming Jamal and Muhammad when he heard Muhammad cry and saw that the boy had been shot in the right leg. He said he filmed the scene containing the father and son for about six minutes. He sent those six minutes to Enderlin in Jerusalem via satellite.

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Until the shooting, Jamal had worked for Moshe Tamam, an Israeli contractor, for 20 years, since he was 14. Writer Helen Schary Motro came to know Jamal when she employed him to help build her house in Tel Aviv. She described his years of rising at 3:30 am to catch the bus to the border crossing

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Talal Abu Rahma, 3 October 2000: "On the following day of the incident, I went to Shifa Hospital in Gaza, and interviewed the father of child Mohammed Al-Durreh. The interview was videotaped and broadcast. In the interview, I asked him about his reason and circumstances of being at the place of

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both witnesses to the shooting. It included a medical opinion from Yehuda David, the doctor who treated Jamal in 1994. The report said it is "highly doubtful that bullet holes in the vicinity of the two could have had their source in fire from the Israeli position," and that the France 2 report

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in January 2005. None of the scenes showed that the boy had died, they wrote. They rejected the position that the scene had been staged, but when Enderlin's voiceover said Muhammad was dead, Enderlin "had no possibility of determining that he was in fact dead, and even less so, that he had been shot

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There was no criminal inquiry. Palestinian police allowed journalists to photograph the scene the following day, but they gathered no forensic evidence. According to a Palestinian general, there was no Palestinian investigation because there was no doubt that the Israelis had killed the boy. General

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Abu Rahma said there was intense exchange of fire between Israelis and Palestinians, but the Durrahs had not been shot during that period. Instead, after that exchange of fire, there was sustained fire from the Israeli outpost for around 30 minutes and it is during that time that both the father and

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Then ... I hear something, "boom!" Really is coming with a lot of dust. I looked at the boy, I filmed the boy lying down in the father's lap, and the father really, getting really injured, and he was really dizzy. I said, "Oh my god, the boy's got killed, the boy's got killed," I was screaming,

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I saw the boy getting injured in his leg, and the father asking for help. Then I saw him getting injured in his arm, the father. The father was asking the ambulances to help him, because he could see the ambulances. I cannot see the ambulance ... I wasn't far away, maybe from them face to face

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The footage shows Jamal and Muhammad crouching behind the cylinder, the child screaming and the father shielding him. Jamal appears to shout something in the direction of the cameraman, then waves and shouts in the direction of the Israeli outpost. There is a burst of gunfire and the camera goes out

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Jamal and Muhammad arrived at the junction in a cab around midday, on their way back from the car auction. There had been a protest, demonstrators had thrown stones, and the IDF had responded with tear gas. Abu Rahma was filming events and interviewing protesters, including Abdel Hakim Awad, head of

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had called for a general strike and day of mourning following violence in Jerusalem the day before. His mother said he had been watching the rioting on television and asked if he could join in. Father and son decided instead to go to a car auction. Jamal had just sold his 1974 Fiat, Motro wrote, and

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A ceux qui, comme la Mena, ont voulu nous instrumentaliser pour étayer la thèse de la mise en scène de la mort de l'enfant par des Palestiniens, nous disons qu'ils nous trompent et qu'ils trompent leurs lecteurs. Non seulement nous ne partageons pas ce point de vue, mais nous affirmons qu'en l'état

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Talal Abu Rahma, 3 October 2000: "I spent approximately 27 minutes photographing the incident which took place for 45 minutes ... Shooting started first from different sources, Israeli and Palestinian. It lasted for not more than five minutes. Then, it was quite clear for me that shooting

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Enderlin's France 2 report placed the shooting later in the day. His voiceover said that Jamal and Muhammad were shot around 3:00 pm local time (GMT+3). James Fallows agreed that Jamal and Muhammad first made an appearance in the footage around 3:00 pm, judging by comments from Jamal

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Abu Rahma said Muhammad lay bleeding for at least 17 minutes before an ambulance picked up Jamal and Muhammad together, but he did not film any of it. When Esther Schapira asked why not, he replied: "Because when the ambulance came it closed on them, you know?" When asked why he had not filmed

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According to Abu Rahma, six minutes of his footage focused on the al-Durrahs. France 2 broadcast 59 seconds of that scene and released another few seconds of it. No part of the footage shows the boy dead. Enderlin cut a final few seconds from the end, during which Muhammad appears to lift

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Jamal, Muhammad, the Associated Press cameraman, and Shams Oudeh, the Reuters cameraman, took cover against the concrete wall in the south-east quadrant of the crossroads, diagonally across from the Israeli outpost. Jamal, Muhammad and Shams Oudeh crouched behind a three-foot-tall (0.91 m) concrete

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Talal Hassan Abu Rahma studied business administration in the United States, and began working as a freelance cameraman for France 2 in Gaza in 1988. At the time of the shooting, he ran his own press office, the National News Center, contributed to CNN through the Al-Wataneya Press Office, and

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Talal Abu Rahma, 3 October 2000: "I can assert that shooting at the child Mohammed and his father Jamal came from the above-mentioned Israeli military outpost, as it was the only place from which shooting at the child and his father was possible. So, by logic and nature, my long experience in

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into what caused the violence concluded: "e have no basis on which to conclude that there was a deliberate plan by the PA to initiate a campaign of violence at the first opportunity; or to conclude that there was a deliberate plan by the GOI to respond with lethal force ... The Sharon visit

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The Kuperwasser report said that France 2's central claims were not substantiated by the material the station had in its possession at the time; that the boy was alive at the end of the video; that there was no evidence that Jamal or Muhammad were injured in the manner reported by France 2 or

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In 2005 Major-General Giora Eiland publicly retracted the IDF's admission of responsibility, and a statement to that effect was approved by the prime minister's office in September 2007. The following year an IDF spokesman, Col. Shlomi Am-Shalom, said that the Shahaf report had shown the IDF could

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The reports conclusions were criticized by the Palestinians. Palestinians pointed out that the Israeli army had destroyed most of the physical evidence, including the wall behind the Durrahs that contained the bullet holes, saying it needed to remove hiding places for Palestinian gunmen. Cameraman

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Shahaf and Doriel built models of the wall, concrete drum and IDF post, and tried to reenact the shooting. A mark on the drum from the Israeli Bureau of Standards allowed them to determine its size and composition. They concluded that the shots may have come from a position behind Abu Rahma, where

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Another issue is why France 2, the Associated Press and Reuters did not film the scene directly after the shooting, including the shooting death of the ambulance driver who arrived to pick up Jamal and Muhammad. Abu Rahma's footage stops suddenly after the shooting of the father and son, then

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at this point and begins again with unidentified people being loaded into an ambulance. (At that point in his report, Enderlin said: "A Palestinian policeman and an ambulance driver have also lost their lives in the course of this battle.") Bassam al-Bilbeisi, an ambulance driver on his way to the

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youth movement in Gaza. Because of the protest, a police officer stopped Jamal and Muhammad's cab from going any further, so father and son proceeded on foot across the junction. It was at that point, according to Jamal, that the live fire started. Enderlin said the first shots were fired from the

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for treatment...Each and every one of them would have had to keep this incredible secret for 13 years. Yet with all the legions of Palestinian collaborators Israel has managed to conscript over the years despite the danger to their lives, not one Palestinian has ever been found to corroborate the

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and examined it. The file shows the injuries from the 2000 shooting were "completely different wounds" from the 1994 injuries. The medical files showed "a gunshot wound in the right wrist, a shattered forearm bone, multiple fragment wounds in a palm, gunshot wounds in the right thigh, a fractured

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A fourth, minority, position held that the scene was staged by Palestinian protesters to produce a child martyr or at least the appearance of one. This is known by those who follow the case as the "maximalist" view, as opposed to the "minimalist" view that the shots were probably not fired by the

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1500 hours. Everything has just erupted near the settlement of Netzarim in the Gaza Strip. The Palestinians have shot live bullets, the Israelis are responding. Paramedics, journalists, passersby are caught in the crossfire. Here, Jamal and his son Mohammed are the target of fire from the Israeli

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During the screening, the court heard that Muhammad had raised his hand to his forehead and moved his leg after Abu Rahma had said he was dead, and that there was no blood on his shirt. Enderlin argued that Abu Rahma had not said the boy was dead, but that he was dying. A report prepared for the

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Contradicting the noon and 3 pm timelines, Mohammed Tawil, the doctor who admitted Muhammad to the Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, told Esther Schapira that the boy had been admitted around 10:00 am local time, along with the ambulance driver, who had been shot through the heart. Tawil

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of the IDF said the presence of protesters meant the Israelis were unable to examine and take photographs of the scene. The increase in violence at the junction cut off the Nezarim settlers, so the IDF evacuated them and, a week after the shooting, blew up everything within 500 metres of the IDF

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France 2, Charles Enderlin and Jamal al-Durrah rejected the report's conclusions and said they would cooperate with an independent international investigation. France 2 and Enderlin asked the Israeli government to supply the commission's letter of appointment, membership and evidence,

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commissioned another investigation. In 2013, that report concluded that not only was Muhammad not hit by IDF fire, Muhammad was perhaps never shot nor killed. Jamal al-Durrah rejected the idea that his son was somehow not dead and offered to exhume Muhammad's grave. The report was criticized by

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to investigate, but that report provoked widespread criticism. One of the Israeli investigators even claimed the incident had been staged by Palestinian gunmen, cameraman and Muhammad's own father. The report eventually concluded that Muhammad was possibly killed by Palestinian fire. However, a

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The investigators' report was shown to the head of Israeli military intelligence and the key points were published in November 2000. The investigation concluded that while it is possible that Muhammad had been killed by the IDF, it was also "quite plausible" that he had been hit by Palestinian

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To those who, like Mena, tried to use us to support the theory that the child's death was staged by the Palestinians, we say they are misleading us and their readers. Not only do we not share that point of view, but we attest that, given our present knowledge of the case, nothing supports that

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The judges overturned the ruling against Karsenty in May 2008 in a 13-page decision. They ruled that he had exercised in good faith his right to criticize and had shown the court a "coherent body of evidence." The court noted inconsistencies in Enderlin's statements and said that Abu Rahma's

1504:, before a three-judge panel led by Judge Laurence Trébucq. The court asked France 2 to turn over the 27 minutes of raw footage Abu Rahma said he had shot, to be shown during a public hearing. France 2 produced 18 minutes; Enderlin said that only 18 minutes had been shot. 251:, the station's bureau chief in Israel. Based on information from the cameraman, Enderlin told viewers that the al-Durrahs had been the target of fire from the Israeli positions and that the boy had died. After an emotional public funeral, Muhammad was hailed throughout the Muslim world as a 833:

The position of the IDF changed over time, from accepting responsibility in 2000 to retracting the admission in 2005. The IDF's first response, when Enderlin contacted them before his broadcast, was that the Palestinians "make cynical use of women and children," which he decided not to air.

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about 15 meters, 17 meters. But the father didn't succeed to get the ambulance by waving to them. He looked at me and he said, "Help me." I said, "I cannot, I can't help you." The shooting till then was really heavy ... It was really raining bullets, for more than for 45 minutes.

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A second case, against Pierre Lurçat of the Jewish Defense League, was dismissed on a technicality. A third, against Dr. Charles Gouz, whose blog republished an article in which France 2 was criticized, resulted in a "mitigated judgement" against Gouz for his posting of the word

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the shooting occurred; what time Muhammad arrived at the hospital; why there seemed to be little blood on the ground where they were shot; and whether any bullets were collected. Several alleged that, in other scenes in the raw footage, it is clear that protesters are play acting.

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Three mainstream narratives emerged after the shooting. The early view that Israeli gunfire had killed the boy developed into the position that, because of the trajectory of the shots, Palestinian gunfire was more likely to have been responsible. This view was expressed in 2005 by

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of focus. When the gunfire subsides, Jamal is sitting upright and injured and Muhammad is lying over his legs. Enderlin cut a final few seconds from the footage that shows Muhammad lift his hand from his face. This cut became the basis of much of the controversy over the film.

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Several minutes of the film showed Palestinians playing at war for the cameras, they wrote, falling down as if wounded, then getting up and walking away. Jeambar and Leconte concluded that the shots had come from the Palestinian positions, given the trajectory of the bullets.

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Palestinian children were distressed by the repeated broadcasting of the footage, according to a therapist in Gaza, and were re-enacting the scene in playgrounds. Arab countries issued postage stamps bearing the images. Parks and streets were named in Muhammad's honour, and

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give anything ... everything." According to Jamal al-Durrah, five bullets were recovered from his body by physicians in Gaza and four in Amman. In 2013 he said, without elaborating: "The bullets the Israelis fired are in the possession of the Palestinian Authority."

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of 1894, when a French-Jewish army captain was found guilty of treason based on a forgery. In the view of Charles Enderlin, the controversy is a smear campaign intended to undermine footage coming out of the occupied Palestinian territories. Doreen Carvjal wrote in

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The two-story IDF outpost sat northwest of the junction. Two six-story Palestinian blocks (known as the twins or twin towers and described variously as offices or apartments) lay directly behind it. South of the junction, diagonally across from the IDF, there was a

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Jamal was taken at first to the Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza. One of the surgeons who operated on him, Ahmed Ghadeel, said Jamal had received multiple wounds from high-velocity bullets striking his right elbow, right thigh and the lower part of both legs; his

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The footage of the father and son acquired what one writer called the power of a battle flag. Postage stamps in the Middle East carried the images. Abu Rahma's coverage of the al-Durrah shooting brought him several journalism awards, including the

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pelvis, an exit wound in the buttocks, a tear in the main nerve of the right thigh, tears in the main groin arteries and veins, and two gunshot wounds in the left lower leg." The medical reports corroborated this diagnosis with photographs,

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In an affidavit three days after the shooting, Abu Rahma said shots had been fired for about 45 minutes and that he had filmed around 27 minutes of it. (How much film was shot became a bone of contention in 2007 when France 2

359:. A military escort accompanied the settlers whenever they left or arrived at the settlement, and an Israeli military outpost, Magen-3, guarded the approach. The area had been the scene of violent incidents in the days before the shooting. 798:

I was losing my mind. While I was filming, the boy got killed ... I was very afraid, I was very upset, I was crying, and I was remembering my children ... This was the most terrible thing that has happened to me as a journalist.

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Questions arose about how much footage existed and whether it showed the boy had died. Abu Rahma said in an affidavit that the gunfight had lasted 45 minutes and that he had filmed about 27 minutes of it. Doreen Carvajal of the

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it was all a hoax, how many people would have to be covering it up all this time? Start with the al-Dura family, then the people near the scene of the shooting, at least some of the people at the funeral, plus doctors and nurses at the

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After the shooting, the Israeli army proceeded to destroy much of the physical evidence, including razing the wall behind Muhammad al-Durrah. The IDF justified this by arguing it needed to remove hiding places for Palestinian gunmen.

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ruled out the possibility that Muhammad was killed by Palestinian fire. Major General Abdel-Razek al-Majaydeh said Muhammad was not shot from behind and the Palestinian investigation concluded the bullets came from the Israeli post.

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in 2001. According to France 2 correspondent Gérard Grizbec, Abu Rahma had never been a member of a Palestinian political group, had twice been arrested by Palestinian police for filming images that did not meet the approval of

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Confusion arose about the timeline. Abu Rahma said the shooting began at noon and continued for 45 minutes. Jamal's account matched his: he and Muhammad arrived at the junction around noon, and were under fire for 45 minutes.

336:, a holy site in both Judaism and Islam with contested rules of access. The violence that followed had its roots in several events, but the visit was provocative and triggered protests that escalated into rioting across the 9389: 5435: 1134:

Another reason he had attributed the shooting to Israel, he wrote, was that "the image corresponded to the reality of the situation not only in Gaza but also in the West Bank." Citing Ben Kaspi in the Israeli newspaper

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covering hot incidents and violent clashes, and my ability to distinguish sounds of shooting, I can confirm that the child was intentionally and in cold blood shot dead and his father injured by the Israeli army."

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was "edited and narrated in such a way as to create the misleading impression that it substantiated the claims made therein." The France 2 narrative relied entirely on Abu Rahma's testimony, the report said.

3113: 5222: 1489:, then president of France, which spoke of Enderlin's integrity. The court upheld the complaint on 19 October 2006, fining Karsenty €1,000 and ordering him to pay €3,000 in costs. He lodged an appeal that day. 2863: 409: 3030: 2840: 784:

Talal Abu Rahma, the Palestinian cameraman for Enderlin, alleged that the IDF had shot Muhammad and his father. Abu Rahma was clear in interviews that the Israelis had fired the shots. For example, he told

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in Gaza City. Abu Rahma telephoned the hospital and was told that three bodies had arrived there: that of a jeep driver, an ambulance driver, and a boy, initially mistakenly identified as Rami Al-Durrah.

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that Jamal was seriously injured; and that they may not have been shot at all. The report claimed that the body at Muhammad's funeral was different from the boy behind the barrel in France 2's footage.

5861: 4113: 3105: 4231: 5037: 4428: 4358: 9218: 4863: 5665: 292:, a media commentator, also alleged that the scene had been staged by France 2; France 2 sued him for libel in 2006 leading to Karsenty's eventual conviction in 2013 for the allegation. 8935: 7179: 1629:

Sections of the Jewish and Israeli communities, including the Israeli government in 2013, described the statements that IDF soldiers had killed the boy as a "blood libel," a reference to the

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was ordered to print a retraction. The Israeli government said it would fund David's appeal. The appeal was upheld in 2012; David was acquitted of defamation and breach of confidentiality.

744:, a German journalist, post-mortem images of Muhammad next to identity cards identifying him by name. Schapira also obtained, from a Palestinian journalist, footage of Muhammad arriving at 4653: 1520:

court by Jean-Claude Schlinger, a ballistics expert commissioned by Karsenty, said that had the shots come from the Israeli position, Muhammad would have been hit in the lower limbs only.

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also had camera crews at the junction. They captured brief footage of the al-Durrahs and Abu Rahma. Abu Rahma was the only journalist to film the moment the al-Durrahs were shot.

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bullets aimed at the IDF post. The report did not include Doriel's allegation that the Palestinians had staged the entire incident.The inquiry provoked widespread criticism. A

408:; born c. 1963) was a carpenter and house painter before the shooting. Since then, because of his injuries, he has worked as a truck driver. He and his wife, Amal, live in the 2636: 2156: 5315: 1271:, the IDF's southern commander, set up an inquiry soon after the shooting. According to James Fallows, Israeli commentators questioned its legitimacy as soon as it started; 6179: 5253: 4309: 3876: 3313: 2382: 1839: 6689: 1070:; Daniel Leconte, former France 2 correspondent and head of news documentaries at Arte, a state-run television network; and Luc Rosenzweig, former editor-in-chief of 5913: 29: 8362: 5401:"Reporters Without Borders on the Israeli al-Dura investigation: 'the nature and substance of this report are questionable and give the impression of a smear operation'" 5284: 4459: 4285: 802:

Abu Rahma said in an affidavit that "the child was intentionally and in cold blood shot dead and his father injured by the Israeli army." The affidavit was given to the

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his hand away from his face. Enderlin said he had cut this scene in accordance with the France 2 ethical charter, because it showed the boy in his death throes ("

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begins again—from the same position, with the white minibus behind which Abu Rahma was standing visible in the shot—with other people being loaded into an ambulance.

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by IDF soldiers." They said the footage did not show the boy's death throes: "This famous 'agonie' that Enderlin insisted was cut from the montage does not exist."

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at four, then a second bus out of Gaza so he could be at work by six. Tamam called him a "terrific man," someone he trusted to work alone in his customers' homes.

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In response to claims that it had broadcast a staged scene, Enderlin and France 2 filed three defamation suits in 2004 and 2005, seeking symbolic damages of

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that the footage is "a cultural prism, with viewers seeing what they want to see." The footage of al-Durrah's death re-emerged in political discourse during the

1338:

not have shot Muhammad. He asked France 2 to send the IDF the unedited 27 minutes of raw footage, as well as footage Abu Rahma shot the following day.

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IDF. The maximalist view takes the form either that the al-Durrahs were not shot and Muhammad did not die, or that he was killed intentionally by Palestinians.

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positions. Mohammed is twelve, his father is trying to protect him. He is motioning. Another burst of fire. Mohammed is dead and his father seriously wounded.

3330: 2701: 2313: 8487: 5868: 5379: 2659: 462:, during the Philippe Karsenty libel action, who wrote in flattering terms of Enderlin's integrity. In 2009, he was awarded France's highest decoration, the 4105: 2344: 2263: 2223:"Leading critic of French al-Dura coverage convicted: Philippe Karsenty found guilty of defamation for accusing France 2 of staging Palestinian boy's death" 482:

was a board member of the Palestinian Journalists' Association. His coverage of the al-Durrah shooting brought him several journalism awards, including the

8473: 7288: 6254: 4397: 1531:, called Karsenty "the Jew who pays a second Jew to pay a third Jew to fight to the last drop of Israeli blood," comparing him to 9/11 conspiracy theorist 911: 99: 9528: 8583: 7466: 6837: 6223: 4239: 1610:, a French journalist, argued that Muhammad's death "cancels, erases that of the Jewish child, his hands in the air before the SS in the Warsaw Ghetto." 340:

and Gaza Strip. The uprising became known as the Second Intifada; it lasted over four years and cost around 4,000 lives, over 3,000 of them Palestinian.

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The Kuperwasser did not contact Muhammad al-Durrah's father during the course of the investigation. Nor did it contact cameraman Abu Rahma or Enderlin

1157: 5497: 4420: 9337: 9325: 8876: 7680: 7674: 5673: 776:. Jamal reportedly told Tamam that he had been hit by nine bullets; he said five were removed from his body in a hospital in Gaza and four in Amman. 6060: 944: 9466: 8357: 7903: 7898: 6682: 6401: 2303: 885: 740:

According to Abed El-Razeq El Masry, the pathologist who examined Muhammed, the boy had received a fatal injury to the abdomen. In 2002, he showed

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saying the rest had been destroyed because it had not been about the shooting. Enderlin then said only 18 minutes of footage had been shot.

9395: 9380: 9374: 9224: 8440: 7770: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7486: 7476: 7470: 7460: 7456: 7450: 7424: 5458: 5062: 4359:"The killing of 12-year-old Mohammed al-Durrah in Gaza became the defining image of the second intifada. Only Israel claims it was all a fake" 3980: 2951: 2444: 2078: 2021: 8799: 8740: 8378: 7933: 7646: 6466: 3004: 9523: 7740: 3373: 271:

Palestinian investigation that same year concluded Muhammad was killed by bullets that came from the Israeli post. In 2012, Prime Minister

5758: 9533: 9448: 9368: 7407: 7401: 6675: 5592: 5130: 4259: 4071: 4017: 2439: 1664: 4730: 3143: 7732: 7722: 5803: 5092: 962:, both of whom wrote books about the affair. The hoax view gained further support in 2013 from a second Israeli government report, the 3795: 3258: 2886: 9169: 7763: 7143: 6986: 5348: 5004: 3911: 3611: 356: 2628: 517: 9035: 9009: 8434: 7727: 7281: 7161: 6698: 4594: 4215: 5307: 3475: 2366: 1991: 416:

in the Gaza Strip. As of 2013 they had four daughters and six sons, including a boy, Muhammad, born two years after the shooting.

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began a petition in support of Enderlin that was signed by 300 French writers, accusing Karsenty of a seven-year smear campaign.

5891: 2474: 9593: 9588: 9573: 8811: 8757: 8428: 6944: 4788: 2731: 2412: 1707:"As questions were raised, some France 2 executives privately faulted the channel's communication. Last week, they showed 935:, an American historian who became involved after Enderlin showed him the raw footage during a visit to Jerusalem in 2003; and 5961: 4451: 4277: 4172: 9140: 9067: 9057: 8999: 7211: 7195: 7091: 5276: 5194: 4774: 4081: 4051: 1963: 1804: 1223:, Israeli's prime minister, telephoned David to congratulate him. Jamal Al-Durrah said he would appeal the court's decision. 4474: 2046: 1668:

did not cause the 'Al-Aqsa Intifada'. But it was poorly timed and the provocative effect should have been foreseen ..."

355:. The source of conflict at the junction was the nearby Netzarim settlement, where 60 Israeli families lived until Israel's 8794: 7055: 5613: 3082: 2919: 1186: 1160:, with a card identifying the boy as Muhammad. A watch on a pathologist's wrist in one of the images appeared to say 3:50. 598: 240:. Jamal al-Durrah and his son Muhammad were filmed by Talal Abu Rahma, a Palestinian television cameraman freelancing for 9568: 9305: 8930: 7274: 7135: 7008: 6043: 6032: 6021: 6010: 5534: 4144: 1543:

statements were not "perfectly credible either in form or content." There were calls for a public inquiry from historian

803: 237: 5999: 3832: 3402: 9598: 9053: 9031: 7928: 7395: 7319: 7187: 7151: 6547: 6461: 6209: 4512: 3196: 2192: 2575: 1921: 8908: 8818: 7862: 7071: 6456: 6159: 6103: 6072: 4676: 2815: 2605: 6183: 5691: 3327: 3229: 2781: 2222: 2122: 844:

The Israelis had been trying for hours to speak to Palestinian commanders, according to Israel's Cabinet Secretary,

183: 9538: 9483: 9362: 9287: 9085: 9073: 9063: 8947: 8679: 7786: 7239: 7221: 7203: 3941: 3626: 2685: 5383: 5345:"The France 2 Al-Durrah Report, its Consequences and Implications: Report of the Government Review Committee" 1871: 1539:. Karsenty had it in for Enderlin, Szpiner argued, because of Enderlin's even-handed coverage of the Middle East. 1089:

The idea of writing about the raw footage had been Luc Rosenzweig's; he had initially offered a story about it to

9281: 8918: 8868: 8824: 8765: 7642: 6847: 6728: 6486: 2251: 4389: 9548: 9206: 7913: 7638: 7568: 7562: 7440: 7298: 1447:

called it "probably one of the least convincing documents produced by the Israeli government in recent years".

435: 427:, both of Jamal Al-Durrah’s brothers were killed by Israeli airstrikes, and he was seen mourning next to their 4139: 3056: 9563: 9357: 8995: 8914: 7943: 7490: 7347: 7081: 6476: 2507: 987:

that Jamal's scars were not from bullet wounds, but dated back to an injury he sustained in the early 1990s.

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Muhammad Jamal Al-Durrah (born 1988) was in fifth grade, but his school was closed on 30 September 2000; the

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refused to publish it because Mena had been involved at an earlier stage. Jeambar and Leconte made clear in

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the original 27-minute tape of the incident, which also included separate scenes of rock-throwing youths."

9553: 9153: 8991: 8806: 8752: 8620: 7434: 7004: 6889: 5788: 2980:"Un entretien exclusif avec Charles Enderlin, deux ans après la mort en direct de Mohamed Al-Dura à Gaza" 2336: 1603: 1568: 1431: 1427: 1227: 769: 5986: 5977: 5400: 458:(2010). Highly regarded among his peers and within the French establishment, he submitted a letter from 9293: 9269: 9236: 9212: 8844: 8746: 7857: 7580: 7558: 7494: 5153: 602: 3059:[Al Durrah Affair: Technical & Ballistics Report at the Request of Mr. Philippe Karsenty] 2987: 1198: 555:; it includes a position in the lower-left quadrant in which armed Palestinian police allegedly stood. 9194: 8987: 8856: 8569: 8468: 8267: 7918: 7546: 7430: 7377: 7325: 7026: 6720: 6446: 6232: 1369: 424: 281: 5380:"Publication of the Report of the Government Review Committee Regarding the France 2 Al-Durrah" 1482:, who ran a media watchdog, Media-Ratings. France 2 and Enderlin issued a writ two days later. 1308:

editorial said, "it is hard to describe in mild terms the stupidity of this bizarre investigation."

9488: 9164: 9019: 8968: 8941: 8626: 7341: 7337: 7127: 7109: 7016: 6910: 6296: 5070: 2434: 2029: 1512: 1501: 552: 6147: 1029:

J'ai coupé l'agonie de l'enfant. C'était insupportable ... Cela n'aurait rien apporté de plus

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mentioned him in a "warning" to President George Bush after 9/11. The images were blamed for the

1357:

In September 2012 the Israeli government set up another inquiry at the request of Prime Minister

895:, a former France 2 correspondent, who viewed the raw footage. A third perspective, held by 233: 4797:(in Hebrew). Israeli Government Printing Office. 28 July 2000. p. 249. 1748. Archived from 3365: 3057:"Affaire al Doura: Examen Technique & Balistique a la Demande de Monsieur Philippe Karsenty" 1622:

and a rise in antisemitism in France. One image could be seen in the background when journalist

1397:, Minister of International Affairs, Strategy and Intelligence, called the affair a "modern-day 1321:

had concluded that Muhammad had been shot in the abdomen and the back wound was an exit injury.

450:

was born in 1945 in Paris; his grandparents were Austrian Jews who had left the country in 1938

9257: 9253: 8862: 8848: 8734: 8594: 7590: 7586: 7063: 6994: 6978: 6970: 6344: 5750: 1619: 398: 247:

Fifty-nine seconds of the footage were broadcast on television in France with a voiceover from

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The case began in September 2006. Enderlin submitted as evidence a February 2004 letter from

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in November 2000. It was most persistently pursued by Stéphane Juffa, editor-in-chief of the

773: 578: 470: 333: 259: 5833:

Pearson, Bryan (6 November 2000). "Death of Mohammed al-Durra haunts Palestinian children".

5428:"After State Panel's Mohammed al-Dura Report, France 2 Hits Back at Israeli Government" 5084: 563: 9518: 9402: 9299: 9230: 9089: 9047: 9013: 8953: 8924: 8704: 8698: 8481: 8420: 8415: 8396: 8292: 7668: 7574: 7249: 7117: 6952: 6821: 6654: 6597: 6522: 6507: 6396: 1645: 1417:

American-Israeli journalist Larry Derfner questioned the report's conclusions of a coverup:

1178: 724: 5344: 5011: 3901: 2660:"Man whose son was executed in his lap by Israeli forces 23 years ago now mourns brothers" 1594:

The footage of Muhammad was compared to other iconic images of children under attack: the

1368:

While Netanyahu called the report's conclusions "the truth", the report was criticized by

8: 9461: 9443: 8598: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8493: 8129: 7446: 7371: 7353: 7331: 6855: 5639: 5030:"Affaire Al-Dura: quand un rédac'chef de France 3 se prend pour le justicier masqué" 2864:"Charles Enderlin prend sa retraite après 30 ans en Israël: 'Il n'y aura pas deux Etats'" 2157:"Mohammed al-Dura's Father Calls for International Probe Into Whether IDF Killed His Son" 1743:

actuel de notre connaissance du dossier, rien ne permet de l'affirmer, bien au contraire.

586: 262:

accepted responsibility for the shooting, but claimed that Palestinians used children as

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and buried before sundown on the day of his death, in accordance with Muslim tradition.

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In October 2004 France 2 allowed three French journalists to view the raw footage—

272: 66: 33:

Muhammad (left) and Jamal al-Durrah (right) filmed by Talal Abu Rahma for France 2

5724: 3712: 3690: 1579: 1226:

In 2012 Rafi Walden, deputy director of the Tel Hashomer hospital and board member of

949: 9543: 8575: 8533: 8401: 8099: 7948: 7618: 7523: 7313: 6813: 6779: 6532: 6319: 6155: 6099: 6068: 5973: 5883: 5190: 4624:"La justice visionne les rushes d'un reportage de France 2, accusé de trucage". 4077: 2811: 2693: 2466: 2374: 1959: 1599: 1595: 1479: 1467: 1423: 1362: 1318: 1279:, a physicist, and Joseph Doriel, an engineer, both of whom had been involved in the 967: 936: 890: 745: 733: 548: 289: 6140:

Das Kind, der Tod und die Medienschlacht um die Wahrheit: Der Fall Mohammed al-Durah

5562: 4798: 4164: 2723: 2404: 848:; he added that Palestinian security forces could have intervened to stop the fire. 9478: 9331: 8852: 8830: 8666: 8527: 8237: 8202: 8149: 8034: 7706: 7529: 7101: 6928: 6771: 6301: 6091: 4840:(At that point, the AP and Reuters were calling Muhammad "Rami Aldura" by mistake.) 4207: 3031:"Affaire al-Dura: Gérard Grizbec réagit à la contribution de Pierre-André Taguieef" 2259: 1536: 756: 609: 447: 248: 134: 1812: 1211:

had defamed Jamal. David, Weill-Raynal and Serge Benattar, the managing editor of

324:

On 28 September 2000, two days before the shooting, the Israeli opposition leader

8838: 8779: 8671: 8579: 8282: 8252: 8242: 8207: 8177: 8039: 7712: 7365: 7047: 6918: 6829: 6431: 6315: 6135: 6047: 6036: 6025: 6014: 6003: 5989:[The Child, the Death and the Truth]. Hessischer Rundfunk. Archived from 4263: 4013: 3334: 3008: 1615: 1547:, a former Israeli ambassador to France, and Richard Prasquier, president of the 1532: 1524: 741: 590: 483: 389: 309: 297: 209: 201: 171: 5635: 5605: 3090: 2926: 1544: 8718: 8685: 8654: 8501: 8317: 8232: 8227: 8144: 8134: 8044: 7953: 7908: 7755: 6962: 6936: 6805: 6633: 6628: 6602: 6436: 6142:(in German). Berlin: Berlin International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. 5522: 5347:. State of Israel Ministry of International Affairs and Strategy. 19 May 2013. 4815: 1634: 1631:

centuries-old allegation that Jews sacrifice Christian children for their blood

1528: 1486: 1411: 1394: 932: 922: 896: 868: 764: 582: 581:(IDF) outpost at the Netzarim junction was manned by Israeli soldiers from the 459: 6195: 6189: 6040: 6029: 6018: 6007: 5996: 5955: 5725:"French Media Analyst Convicted of Defamation, Fined in Mohammed al-Dura Case" 5526: 3398: 728:

The pathologist who examined Muhammad gave this image to a journalist in 2009.

191: 187: 9512: 9041: 8322: 8312: 8297: 8277: 8272: 8217: 8212: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8124: 8074: 7822: 7171: 6755: 6607: 6376: 5530: 4101: 3976: 3828: 3192: 2697: 2378: 1733: 1607: 1268: 1261: 1063: 1056: 992: 877: 601:

outpost under the command of Brigadier-General Osama al-Ali, a member of the

574: 488: 413: 377: 114: 101: 1507: 9200: 8610: 8332: 8327: 8262: 8257: 8247: 8222: 8197: 8169: 8139: 8114: 8064: 7552: 6871: 6649: 6481: 6426: 6339: 6122: 2567: 1623: 1276: 959: 845: 838: 826: 807: 698:

Enderlin edited the footage down to 59 seconds and added a voiceover:

665: 329: 325: 318: 267: 263: 5751:"France high court ordered judges to examine Palestinian boy killing case" 4211: 3000:

For Enderlin's children being threatened: Bob Garfield, Deborah Campbell,

2613: 2193:"Israeli inquiry says film of Muhammad al-Dura's death in Gaza was staged" 1256: 9263: 8521: 8409: 8154: 8119: 8109: 8094: 8084: 8069: 8059: 8054: 8019: 7973: 7602: 6763: 6736: 6592: 6386: 4731:"Fischer : Israël pourrait attaquer l'Iran: Charles Enderlin répond" 2808:

Maneuvering Between the Headlines: An American Lives Through the Intifada

2789: 1630: 1444: 1398: 1373: 285: 158:

Reported deaths: Muhammad al-Durrah; Bassam al-Bilbeisi, ambulance driver

6201: 6152:

La nouvelle propagande antijuive: Du symbole al-Dura aux rumeurs de Gaza

4073:

Blood Libel: The Ritual Murder Accusation at the Limit of Jewish History

3933: 372: 351:(martyrs') junction. It lies on Saladin Road, a few kilometres south of 8089: 8079: 8049: 8029: 8024: 7389: 6310: 5914:"Brother of Mohammed al-Durra, icon of second Intifada, killed in Gaza" 4135: 4039: 1879: 1757:, which ended that year on 6 October, is three hours ahead of GMT. 1292: 1052: 899:, France 2's news editor, is that no one can know who fired the shots. 229: 85: 5382:. State of Israel Prime Minister's Office. 19 May 2013. Archived from 1027:"), the final struggle before death, which he said was "unbearable" (" 906:

The view that the scene was a media hoax of some kind emerged from an

314: 9188: 8287: 8159: 7978: 7517: 6421: 6371: 6198:, not shown by France 2, 30 September 2000, courtesy of YouTube. 1297: 837:

On 3 October 2000, the IDF's chief of operations, Major-General

451: 428: 352: 337: 3653:"Death of boy caught in gun battle provokes wave of revenge attacks" 1463: 1347:

Israel says my son isn't dead...He's not dead? Then bring him to me.

822: 266:, but later retracted responsibility. In 2000, the IDF commissioned 8011: 7832: 7809: 5862:"L'affaire al-Dura ou le renforcement des stéréotypes antijuifs..." 4149: 3906: 3064: 1204: 927: 381: 344: 277: 241: 138: 81: 5941: 2123:"Father of Muhammad al-Dura rebukes Israeli report on son's death" 7596: 6587: 6542: 6517: 5970:"Drei Kugeln und ein totes Kind (Trois balles et un enfant mort)" 2161: 1192:

The court established that "Daniel Vavinsky" was a pseudonym for

635: 613: 347:

junction, where the shooting took place, is known locally as the

5085:"French court acquits Israeli doctor of libel over al-Dura case" 2079:"Complete Text of Israel's Report on the Muhammad al-Dura Video" 7827: 6577: 6572: 6329: 6324: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 4106:"News on the al-Dura front: Israeli finding that it was staged" 2782:"Statement under oath by a photographer of France 2 Television" 2252:"Media analyst convicted over France-2 Palestinian boy footage" 1584: 1234:

that he had received Jamal's 50-page medical file from Amman's

752: 252: 4595:"Independent expert: IDF bullets didn't kill Mohammed al-Dura" 1626:, an American Jew, was beheaded by al-Qaeda in February 2002. 7872: 7867: 6612: 6582: 6527: 6416: 6406: 6348: 6305: 5990: 5969: 5956:

Debate. Arlette Chabot of France 2 and Philippe Karsenty

4513:"On the al-Dura affair: Israel officially drank the Kool Aid" 4390:"New controversy over video of Gaza boy's death 13 years ago" 3422: 3420: 1435: 1240: 1189:

for defamation and breach of doctor-patient confidentiality.

1127:

Enderlin responded to Leconte and Jeambar in January 2005 in

871:, said that no one could say for certain who fired the shots. 626: 491:, and had never been accused of security breaches by Israel. 5962:

Behind the lens: Remembering Muhammad al-Durrah, 20 years on

5666:"Prasquier: 'establishing the truth about the Al-Dura case'" 5490:"Can Internet criticism of Mideast news footage be slander?" 5363: 5005:"Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris: Procédure d'Audience" 4232:"Après Jérôme Cahuzac et Gilles Bernheim, Charles Enderlin?" 3760: 3758: 3510: 3508: 3495: 3493: 3345: 3343: 3288: 3286: 3284: 1648:

after his siblings were killed by Israeli soldiers in Gaza.

679: 651: 630:

Palestinian positions and returned by the Israeli soldiers.

28: 3449: 3447: 2887:"«Un enfant est mort»: Charles Enderlin défend son honneur" 1832:"French court examines footage of Mohammad al-Dura's death" 1588: 1475: 1275:

called it "almost a pirate endeavour." The team was led by

439:

Muhammad loved cars, so they went to the auction together.

4699: 3417: 3755: 3505: 3490: 3340: 3281: 1956:

Military-age males in counterinsurgency and drone warfare

1077:

Jeambar and Leconte wrote a report about the viewing for

70: 6192:, France 2, 30 September 2000, courtesy of YouTube. 5781:"Arrêté de la Cour de Cassation A-Dura Frane-2 Karsenty" 4278:"One on One: 'Muhammed al-Dura has become a brand-name'" 3627:"Muhammad al-Durrah: A Young Symbol of Mideast Violence" 3444: 3399:"Al Dura affair: the 10 seconds never shown by France 2" 1296:

to film the reenactment. Doriel told the correspondent,

694: 5670:

Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France

5308:"Israeli Report Casting New Doubts on Shooting in Gaza" 4999: 4997: 4065: 4063: 4061: 3796:"Israeli Army Says Palestinians May Have Shot Gaza Boy" 1550:

Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France

1332: 1287:

Palestinian police were alleged to have been standing.

6154:(in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 5063:"French court convicts Israeli of slandering al-Durra" 4452:"Rattling the Cage: Al-Dura and the conspiracy freaks" 4140:"Who killed "Muhammad al-Dura. Blood libel—model 2000" 3573: 3571: 2500:"Israeli settler convoy bombed in Gaza, three injured" 1492: 1455: 1113:

that they gave no credence to the staging hypothesis:

8354: 6269: 5719: 5717: 4028:

on 30 September 2007 – via Jewish World Review.

3604:"Lettre ouverte d'Esther Schapira à Charles Enderlin" 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 2932:

on 24 November 2006 – via Media Ratings France.

2521: 2519: 2517: 1977: 1975: 1958:. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 40. 9579:

Civilians killed in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

5958:, part 1/21, 18 September 2008, courtesy of YouTube. 5459:"Charles Enderlin: 'Pas un seul expert indépendant'" 5277:"Muhammad Al-Dura: The boy who wasn't really killed" 5057: 5055: 4994: 4588: 4586: 4475:"Rattling the Cage: Get real about Muhammad al-Dura" 4300:

Landes, Richard; Karsenty, Phillipe (11 June 2008).

4284:(Interview). Interviewed by Leibowitz, Ruthie Blum. 4058: 3459: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2186: 2184: 1243:, surgery reports, and expert consultation reports. 403: 223: 16:

2000 shooting of a Palestinian boy in the Gaza Strip

5985:Schapira, Esther; Hafner, Georg M. (4 March 2009). 5685: 5683: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5110: 4677:"Letters to the Editor: Who Shot Mohammed al-Dura?" 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3568: 2833:"Charles Enderlin, conteur averti du Proche-Orient" 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2367:"Palestinians And Israelis In a Clash At Holy Site" 2304:"Photo of Palestinian Boy Kindles Debate in France" 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 806:in Gaza and signed by Abu Rahma in the presence of 5841: 5714: 5299: 5186:The Israeli-Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere 5183:Cordesman, Anthony H.; Moravitz, Jennifer (2005). 5176: 4723: 4076:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 126–127. 3298: 3295:From 00:19:00:00 (interview with Jamal al-Durrah). 3097: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2801: 2799: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2514: 2072: 2070: 2068: 1972: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1290:On 23 October 2000, Shahaf and Doriel invited CBS 732:Jamal and Muhammad were taken by ambulance to the 7296: 5847: 5182: 5052: 4668: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4583: 4302:"Right of reply: Conspiracy theories and al-Dura" 3595: 2328: 2181: 2150: 2148: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1500:The first appeal opened in September 2007 in the 1047: 966:. Several commentators regard it as a right-wing 200:On 30 September 2000, the second day of the 9510: 7785: 5680: 5517: 5515: 5330: 5107: 4497: 4388:Schwartz, Michael; Labott, Elise (21 May 2013). 3956: 3855: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3074: 3050: 3048: 2944:"Charles Enderlin décoré de la Légion d'honneur" 2920:"Letter from Jacques Chirac to Charles Enderlin" 2746: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2494: 2492: 2278: 2006: 1928: 232:during widespread protests and riots across the 6096:Un Enfant est Mort: Netzarim, 30 Septembre 2000 5246:"French court overturns al-Dura libel judgment" 5021: 4793:[Book of Laws: Time Determination Law] 4350: 4341: 4339: 4247: 3675: 3393: 3391: 3360: 3358: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 2958: 2914: 2912: 2878: 2796: 2550: 2246: 2244: 2065: 1819: 1450: 1281:Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories 456:Un Enfant est Mort: Netzarim, 30 Septembre 2000 367: 6133: 5984: 5658: 5556: 5554: 5552: 4915: 4903: 4849: 4758: 4756: 4717: 4705: 4632: 4387: 4299: 3975: 3896: 3894: 3749: 3644: 3589: 3562: 3550: 3514: 3499: 3453: 3426: 3349: 3256: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3103: 2606:"Still Seeking Justice for Muhammad al-Durrah" 2145: 1854: 9559:Palestinian casualties in the Second Intifada 7771: 7282: 6683: 6255: 6217: 5875: 5853: 5512: 5481: 3869:"In the footsteps of the al-Dura controversy" 3823: 3821: 3770: 3045: 2925:(in French). 25 February 2004. Archived from 2590: 2489: 996:outpost, thereby destroying the crime scene. 768:the offer. He was transferred instead to the 671:Camera goes out of focus as gunfire is heard. 543:From Talal Abu Rahma, France 2 cameraman 6112: 6081: 4336: 4008: 4006: 3618: 3388: 3355: 3252: 3250: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3106:"Southern Command decorates soldiers, units" 3093:on 4 November 2012 – via highbeam.com. 3015:, WNYC Radio, 22 December 2001 (transcript, 2909: 2565: 2435:"Report on the start of the Second Intifada" 2241: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 9449:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany 8979: 8900: 5727:. Associated Press, Haaretz. 26 June 2013. 5549: 5189:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 372. 4753: 4094: 3926: 3891: 3711:(in French). 1 October 2000. Archived from 3689:(in French). 1 October 2000. Archived from 3158: 3055:Schlinger, Jean-Claude (19 February 2008). 2950:(in French). 12 August 2009. Archived from 1341: 1185:in Paris, Jamal filed a complaint with the 1142: 1118:conclusion. In fact, the reverse is true." 939:, founder of a French media-watchdog site, 589:. According to Enderlin, the soldiers were 9529:Deaths by person in the State of Palestine 7778: 7764: 7741:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement 7289: 7275: 6690: 6676: 6262: 6248: 6224: 6210: 5757:. Agence France-Presse. 29 February 2012. 5010:(in French). 29 April 2011. Archived from 4646:"French court sees raw footage of al-Dura" 4418: 4229: 4193: 3818: 3465: 2525: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 1981: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1562: 1404: 1163: 984: 958:, a French philosopher who specializes in 772:in Amman, Jordan, where he was visited by 619: 7451:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242 7425:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194 6231: 5860:Taguieff, Pierre-André (September 2008). 5154:"Probing Root Causes Of Mideast Violence" 4643: 4012: 4003: 3466:Goldenberg, Suzanne (27 September 2001). 3247: 3120: 3054: 2779: 2337:"The Unpeaceful Rest of Mohammed Al-Dura" 2334: 2019: 1886: 494: 8787: 8726: 8646: 8561: 8460: 8386: 6146: 6090: 5967: 5947:Translation:Karsenty v. Enderlin-France2 5881: 5859: 5487: 5305: 5209: 4988: 4976: 4964: 4952: 4940: 4928: 4892: 4814: 4674: 4592: 4577: 4565: 4553: 4541: 4421:"Truth is sometimes caught in crossfire" 4345: 4275: 3866: 3764: 3737: 3725: 3601: 3577: 3538: 3526: 3438: 3311: 3292: 3241: 2657: 2626: 2301: 2190: 2120: 1984:"Israel washes its hands of boy's death" 1982:Goldenberg, Suzanne (28 November 2000). 1869: 1578: 1574: 1527:, counsel to former President of France 1506: 1478:1. The most notable lawsuit was against 1462: 1311: 1255: 1177:In 2007 Yehuda David, a hand surgeon at 1051: 862: 821: 723: 371: 313: 163:Multiple gunshot wounds: Jamal al-Durrah 9494:There was no such thing as Palestinians 9125: 6788:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 5832: 5801: 5634: 4510: 4472: 4449: 4276:Karsenty, Philippe (29 November 2007). 4253: 4196:"Charles Enderlin et l'affaire Al Dura" 4100: 4069: 3312:Enderlin, Charles (30 September 2000). 3191: 3028: 2977: 2830: 2724:"Strike call after Jerusalem bloodshed" 2684:Orme, William A. Jr. (2 October 2000). 2373:. Associated Press. 28 September 2000. 2101: 2022:"IDF keeps shooting itself in the foot" 1939:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1792: 1583:Place de l'enfant martyr de Palestine, 1379: 963: 9511: 7733:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement 7723:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement 6121: 6067:(in French). Paris: Éditions Raphaël. 5884:"Dispute rages over al-Durrah footage" 5689: 5560: 5488:Carvajal, Doreen (18 September 2006). 5456: 5395: 5393: 5274: 5120: 4762: 4741:from the original on 23 September 2016 4356: 3981:"Guet-apens dans la guerre des images" 3879:from the original on 16 September 2010 3843:from the original on 30 September 2021 3833:"We did not abandon Philippe Karsenty" 3827: 3650: 2566:Schary Motro, Helen (7 October 2000). 2526:Goldenberg, Suzanne (3 October 2000). 2347:from the original on 23 September 2015 2076: 1953: 1912:Moutet, Anne-Elisabeth (7 July 2008). 1911: 1251: 1122: 779: 751:During an emotional public funeral in 9432: 9114: 8353: 7999: 7797: 7759: 7270: 6697: 6671: 6243: 6205: 6059: 5987:"Das Kind, Der Tod, und Die Wahrheit" 5964:, Talal Abu Rahma, 30 September 2020. 5894:from the original on 10 November 2007 5537:from the original on 26 February 2020 5521: 5500:from the original on 13 December 2018 5425: 5151: 5095:from the original on 18 February 2012 5027: 4861: 4644:Schoumann, Helen (14 November 2007). 4369:from the original on 6 September 2017 4331: 4162: 3979:; Leconte, Daniel (25 January 2005). 3794:Orme, William A. (28 November 2000). 3602:Schapira, Esther (12 February 2013). 3133: 3080: 2978:Schemla, Élisabeth (1 October 2002). 2884: 2861: 2831:Kessous, Mustapha (30 January 2016). 2805: 2658:Krasteva, Gergana (16 October 2023). 2603: 2447:from the original on 30 November 2009 2405:"Violence engulfs West Bank and Gaza" 2154: 2089:from the original on 14 November 2020 1947: 1870:Enderlin, Charles (27 January 2005). 1246: 1008: 712: 9396:South African allegation of genocide 7728:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement 7467:Israel–Syria disengagement agreement 7144:Southern Israel cross-border attacks 7056:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel 6987:Iraqi missile attacks against Israel 6182:, France 2, 30 September 2000 ( 6115:Pour en Finir avec l'Affaire Al Dura 6065:Contre-expertise d'une mise en scène 5882:Patience, Martin (8 November 2007). 4874:from the original on 16 January 2021 4765:"Myth, Fact, and the al-Dura Affair" 4675:Enderlin, Charles (September 2003). 4605:from the original on 12 January 2014 4175:from the original on 11 October 2016 4163:Juffa, Stéphane (26 November 2004). 4134: 4038: 3914:from the original on 29 January 2018 3793: 3663:from the original on 2 February 2020 3624: 3269:from the original on 3 February 2009 2686:"A Young Symbol of Mideast Violence" 2683: 2578:from the original on 11 October 2016 2385:from the original on 12 October 2017 2316:from the original on 7 December 2014 2302:Carvajal, Doreen (7 February 2005). 2133:from the original on 11 October 2016 2041: 2039: 1934: 1333:2005: Retraction of earlier position 1187:Tribunal de grande instance de Paris 1172: 829:was then Israel's Cabinet Secretary. 817: 599:Palestinian National Security Forces 577:, the Jewish New Year—the two-story 9524:Deaths by firearm in the Gaza Strip 9467:Israeli criticism of the occupation 6098:(in French). Paris: Don Quichotte. 5606:"French TV loses Gaza footage case" 5573:from the original on 2 October 2013 5390: 5243: 4864:"Was geschah mit Mohammed al-Dura?" 4145:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 3625:Orme, William A. (2 October 2000). 3478:from the original on 17 August 2016 3259:"Battle rages over fateful footage" 2885:Haski, Pierre (29 September 2010). 2786:Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2780:Abu Rahma, Talal (3 October 2000). 2506:. 27 September 2000. Archived from 2477:from the original on 28 August 2010 2020:Cygielman, Anat (7 November 2000). 1994:from the original on 19 August 2016 1842:from the original on 21 August 2017 1604:firefighter carrying the dying baby 1602:doused with napalm (1972), and the 804:Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 518:3D diagram of the Netzarim junction 442: 393: 213: 13: 9534:Filmed killings by law enforcement 7718:Israel–UAE normalization agreement 7609:Beirut Summit and peace initiative 6462:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front 6127:Al Dura: Long Range Ballistic Myth 5934: 5814:from the original on 30 March 2009 5804:"Les médias, pouvoir intouchable?" 5692:"French Jews demand al-Dura probe" 5351:from the original on 28 April 2016 5318:from the original on 15 April 2016 5229:. 10 November 2000. Archived from 5028:Lherm, Sophie (21 February 2011). 4116:from the original on 14 April 2016 3806:from the original on 14 April 2016 2266:from the original on 16 April 2019 2169:from the original on 29 March 2017 1207:. In 2011 it ruled that David and 1093:, which is how Jeambar (editor of 1034: 921:(Mena), a French-Israeli company; 907: 641: 608:In addition to France 2, the 499: 476: 14: 9610: 9115: 8488:Attacks against Israeli civilians 7863:Palestine Liberation Organization 6086:(in French). Paris: Armand Colin. 5980:from the original on 2 June 2016. 5702:from the original on 4 April 2016 5244:Gur, Haviv Rettig (21 May 2008). 5121:Walden, Rafi (19 February 2012). 4820:"War of words in the Middle East" 4687:from the original on 3 April 2016 4656:from the original on 22 June 2008 4593:Schwartz, Adi (3 February 2008). 4485:from the original on 4 March 2016 4431:from the original on 23 June 2018 4419:McLoughlin, Ed (6 October 2007). 3944:from the original on 6 April 2016 3867:Schwartz, Adi (8 November 2007). 3376:from the original on 7 March 2020 3257:O'Loughlin, Ed (6 October 2007). 3207:from the original on 3 March 2016 3104:O'Sullivan, Arieh (6 June 2001). 3081:Gross, Netty C. (21 April 2003). 2843:from the original on 17 June 2016 2629:"Durrah's Father: My Son Is Dead" 2415:from the original on 15 July 2014 2335:Beckerman, Gal (3 October 2007). 2191:Sherwood, Harriet (20 May 2013). 2121:Sherwood, Harriet (23 May 2013). 2036: 1633:. Comparisons were made with the 685:One of the last frames broadcast. 376:Netzarim junction and the nearby 9288:Agreement on Movement and Access 9219:US security assistance to the PA 9141:Palestinian expulsion and flight 8680:1983 West Bank fainting epidemic 7798: 7647:Agreement on Movement and Access 6113:Weill-Raynal, Guillaume (2013). 6082:Weill-Raynal, Guillaume (2007). 5995:On YouTube (without subtitles): 5940: 5906: 5826: 5795: 5773: 5743: 5628: 5616:from the original on 13 May 2016 5598: 5585: 5469:from the original on 2 June 2016 5450: 5419: 5306:Kershner, Isabel (19 May 2013). 5287:from the original on 31 May 2018 5268: 5256:from the original on 26 May 2008 5237: 5215: 5203: 5164:from the original on 3 July 2015 5145: 5077: 4982: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4934: 4921: 4909: 4897: 4886: 4855: 4843: 4830:from the original on 17 May 2020 4808: 4781: 4763:Poller, Nidra (September 2005). 4711: 4617: 4571: 4559: 4547: 4535: 4400:from the original on 14 May 2016 4357:Dawber, Alistair (20 May 2013). 3934:"Boy becomes Palestinian martyr" 3902:"Israel 'sorry' for killing boy" 3405:from the original on 9 June 2012 3029:Grizbec, Gérard (October 2008). 2897:from the original on 31 May 2016 2734:from the original on 14 May 2016 2704:from the original on 3 July 2021 2639:from the original on 31 May 2016 2538:from the original on 8 June 2013 2203:from the original on 8 July 2013 1773: 1760: 1748: 1727: 1714: 1709:The International Herald Tribune 1701: 978:Several commentators questioned 678: 664: 650: 562: 533: 512: 27: 9338:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 9326:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 9282:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 8766:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 8000: 7681:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 7675:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 7643:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 6848:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 6729:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency 6487:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 5761:from the original on 9 May 2016 5731:from the original on 7 May 2016 5690:Lauter, Devorah (8 July 2008). 5527:"Philippe Karsenty on Al Durah" 5438:from the original on 8 May 2016 5133:from the original on 7 May 2016 5069:. 29 April 2011. Archived from 5040:from the original on 5 May 2016 4523:from the original on 1 May 2016 4473:Derfner, Larry (18 June 2008). 4462:from the original on 3 May 2016 4443: 4412: 4381: 4325: 4312:from the original on 7 May 2016 4288:from the original on 9 May 2016 4269: 4230:Rosenzweig, Luc (20 May 2013). 4218:from the original on 5 May 2016 4187: 4156: 4128: 4032: 3991:from the original on 8 May 2016 3743: 3731: 3719: 3697: 3683:"Les blessures de Jamal a Dura" 3651:Philps, Alan (1 October 2000). 3583: 3556: 3544: 3532: 3520: 3432: 3235: 3219: 3146:from the original on 7 May 2016 3022: 2994: 2936: 2862:Bloch, Michael (24 July 2015). 2855: 2824: 2716: 2677: 2651: 2627:Balousha, Hazem (22 May 2013). 2620: 2459: 2427: 2397: 2359: 2215: 1691: 1681: 1671: 1657: 469:According to French journalist 186:, France 2, 30 September 2000 ( 9146:depopulated towns and villages 8931:Palestinian militancy campaign 7320:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 7136:Palestinian militancy campaign 5802:Rioufol, Ivan (13 June 2008). 5672:. 19 July 2008. Archived from 5152:Simon, Bob (9 November 2000). 4862:Thiel, Thomas (4 March 2009). 4628:(in French). 14 November 2007. 4511:Derfner, Larry (22 May 2013). 4450:Derfner, Larry (28 May 2008). 3136:"Who killed Mohammed al-Dura?" 3002:"Images of Mohammed al-Durrah" 2077:Mackey, Robert (20 May 2013). 2047:"Israelis doubt they shot boy" 1872:"Non à la censure à la source" 1567:France 2 appealed to the 1432:Jordanian ambassador to Israel 1401:against the State of Israel." 1215:, were fined €5,000 each, and 1048:French reaction to the footage 954:, a French psychoanalyst, and 858: 547:From a report commissioned by 1: 9594:Conspiracy theories in France 9589:Conspiracy theories in Israel 9574:September 2000 events in Asia 7408:American trusteeship proposal 6477:Popular Resistance Committees 6180:"La mort de Mohammed al Dura" 6117:(in French). Paris: Du Cygne. 5848:Cordesman & Moravitz 2005 5561:Poller, Nidra (27 May 2008). 5457:Brunet, Elena (21 May 2013). 5123:"Rubbing Salt Into the Wound" 3314:"La mort de Mohammed al Dura" 3197:"Who shot Mohammed al-Durra?" 1786: 1495:Karsenty v. Enderlin-France 2 1458:Enderlin-France 2 v. Karsenty 1434:who brought Jamal al-Dura to 979: 973: 657:Muhammad and Jamal under fire 303: 184:"La mort de Mohammed al Dura" 60: 22:Killing of Muhammad al-Durrah 9433: 7787:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 6084:Les nouveaux désinformateurs 5593:Karsenty v. Enderlin-France2 5494:International Herald Tribune 5426:Ravid, Barak (29 May 2013). 3134:Segev, Tom (22 March 2002). 2806:Motro, Helen Schary (2005). 2568:"Living among the headlines" 1511:The appeal was heard in the 1470:was convicted of defamation. 1451:Philippe Karsenty litigation 1016:International Herald Tribune 925:, former editor-in-chief of 755:, Muhammad was wrapped in a 585:Engineering Platoon and the 368:Jamal and Muhammad al-Durrah 357:withdrawal from Gaza in 2005 7: 8807:Palestinian suicide attacks 8753:Palestinian suicide attacks 7005:Palestinian suicide attacks 5867:(in French). Archived from 5787:(in French). Archived from 5275:Caspit, Ben (12 May 2013). 4238:(in French). Archived from 3610:(in French). Archived from 3320:(in French). Archived from 3230:Talal Abu Rahma's affidavit 3063:(in French). Archived from 3037:(in French). Archived from 2986:(in French). Archived from 2870:(in French). Archived from 2155:Koury, Jack (20 May 2013). 1878:(in French). Archived from 1352:Muhammad al-Durrah's father 1228:Physicians for Human Rights 943:. It was also supported by 867:France 2 news editor, 770:King Hussein Medical Center 634:drum, apparently part of a 573:On the day of the shooting— 404: 238:Israeli military occupation 224: 174:(2001), for Talal Abu Rahma 10: 9615: 9569:People from the Gaza Strip 9294:Valley of Peace initiative 9237:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 8919:Jerusalem bulldozer attack 8795:Palestinian rocket attacks 7858:All-Palestine Protectorate 7581:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 7569:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement 7563:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 7495:Palestinian autonomy talks 5640:"L'honneur du journalisme" 5595:, Wikisource, 21 May 2008. 4931:, 00:03:59:00; 00:14:59:00 4916:Schapira & Hafner 2009 4904:Schapira & Hafner 2009 4850:Schapira & Hafner 2009 4737:(in French). 6 June 2008. 4718:Schapira & Hafner 2009 4706:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3750:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3705:"Jamal a Dura l'operation" 3590:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3565:, 00:42:35:03, 00:43:13:08 3563:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3551:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3515:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3500:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3454:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3427:Schapira & Hafner 2009 3350:Schapira & Hafner 2009 2604:Shams, Doha (2 May 2012). 2341:Columbia Journalism Review 1439:al-Dura conspiracy theory. 1003: 908:Israeli government enquiry 810:, a human rights lawyer. 719: 713:raw footage stops suddenly 603:Palestine National Council 307: 9599:Death conspiracy theories 9439: 9428: 9350: 9317: 9245: 9180: 9132: 9121: 9110: 8966: 8909:"Bringing Home the Goods" 8889: 8778: 8717: 8639: 8570:Avivim school bus bombing 8548: 8453: 8377: 8373: 8349: 8168: 8010: 8006: 7995: 7966: 7886: 7850: 7841: 7808: 7804: 7793: 7695: 7538: 7491:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 7416: 7348:Faisal–Weizmann agreement 7305: 7266: 7039: 6902: 6747: 6705: 6667: 6642: 6621: 6565: 6495: 6382:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 6364: 6357: 6287: 6239: 6024:30 September 2021 at the 5968:Schapira, Esther (2002). 5696:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 5646:(in French). No. 581 4425:The Sydney Morning Herald 4262:28 September 2020 at the 3468:"The war of the children" 2467:"Intifada toll 2000-2005" 1370:Reporters Without Borders 511: 506: 362: 282:Reporters Without Borders 178: 167: 162: 157: 152: 144: 130: 91: 77: 56: 38: 26: 9489:Timeline of anti-Zionism 9010:Egypt–Gaza border breach 8915:Jerusalem yeshiva attack 8627:Misgav Am hostage crisis 7530:Israel–Lebanon agreement 7342:Anglo-French Declaration 7338:Declaration to the Seven 6911:Misgav Am hostage crisis 6196:Final seconds of footage 4789: 4194:Rosenzweig, Luc (2010). 4070:Johnson, Hannah (2012). 3333:13 November 2012 at the 1651: 1596:boy in the Warsaw ghetto 1523:France 2's lawyer, 1502:Court of Appeal of Paris 1342:2013: Kuperwasser report 1324:An investigation by the 1143:Confusion about timeline 985:One physician maintained 931:and a Mena contributor; 553:Court of Appeal of Paris 9539:Filmed killings in Asia 9074:"Guardian of the Walls" 8948:Israel–Palestine crisis 7222:Israel–Palestine crisis 7073:Bringing Home the Goods 6412:Guardians of the Cedars 6002:3 February 2014 at the 1563:2013: Defamation ruling 1405:Criticism of the report 1372:and Israeli journalist 1164:Interview with soldiers 620:Arrival at the junction 234:Palestinian territories 9213:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 8992:Gaza cross-border raid 8863:Ain es Saheb airstrike 8819:Israeli assassinations 8621:South Lebanon conflict 8595:Kiryat Shmona massacre 7639:Sharm El Sheikh Summit 7559:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 7441:Tripartite Declaration 7064:Ain es Saheb airstrike 6945:South Lebanon conflict 6148:Taguieff, Pierre-André 5865:Le Meilleur des mondes 5496:. The New York Times. 5223:"Stupidity marches on" 4868:Frankfurter Allgemeine 3366:"Shooting to Shooting" 3232:, 3 October 2000. 3035:Le Meilleur des mondes 2868:Le Journal du Dimanche 1954:Shoker, Sarah (2021). 1811:. 2001. Archived from 1620:2000 Ramallah lynching 1591: 1516: 1471: 1441: 1355: 1264: 1120: 1059: 872: 830: 800: 729: 705: 495:Events of the shooting 385: 321: 44:; 23 years ago 42:30 September 2000 9549:Israel Defense Forces 8891:Palestinian dissident 8747:Temple Mount killings 8617:Coastal Road massacre 8303:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi 7878:Palestinian Authority 7818:Israel Defense Forces 7687:John Kerry Parameters 7360:Churchill White Paper 7326:Sykes–Picot Agreement 6882:Coastal Road massacre 6503:Arab Higher Committee 6392:Arab Liberation Front 6335:Palestinian Authority 6233:Arab–Israeli conflict 6046:18 March 2016 at the 6035:11 March 2016 at the 4735:Le Monde Diplomatique 4212:10.3917/cite.044.0159 4165:"The Mythical Martyr" 4090:on 30 September 2020. 3370:National Public Radio 3007:6 August 2016 at the 2954:on 18 September 2009. 2730:. 30 September 2000. 2411:. 30 September 2000. 1924:on 16 September 2015. 1582: 1575:Impact of the footage 1556:Le Nouvel Observateur 1535:and Holocaust denier 1510: 1466: 1419: 1345: 1326:Palestinian Authority 1312:Palestinian criticism 1259: 1236:King Hussein Hospital 1203:, a deputy editor at 1179:Tel Hashomer Hospital 1115: 1066:, editor-in-chief of 1055: 956:Pierre-André Taguieff 880:, editor-in-chief of 866: 825: 791: 727: 700: 579:Israel Defense Forces 471:Anne-Elisabeth Moutet 436:Palestinian Authority 425:2023 Israel–Hamas war 375: 334:Old City of Jerusalem 317: 308:Further information: 276:Charles Enderlin and 260:Israel Defense Forces 115:31.46472°N 34.42722°E 9564:Palestinian children 9403:Nicaragua v. Germany 9363:Palestine and the UN 9300:Annapolis Conference 9231:Wye River Memorandum 9054:Gaza border protests 9048:Freedom Flotilla III 9004:Beit Hanoun shelling 8988:Gaza beach explosion 8705:Night of the Gliders 8293:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam 7669:Annapolis Conference 7663:UNSC Resolution 1701 7653:UNSC Resolution 1850 7635:UNSC Resolution 1583 7629:UNSC Resolution 1566 7625:UNSC Resolution 1559 7575:Wye River Memorandum 7431:Armistice agreements 7188:Gaza border protests 7110:Gaza–Israel conflict 6822:Lod Airport massacre 6655:United Arab Republic 6598:United Arab Emirates 6508:Arab Liberation Army 6170:Footage of the scene 6013:7 March 2016 at the 5835:Agence France-Presse 5791:on 11 November 2012. 5091:. 15 February 2012. 4626:Agence France-Presse 4054:on 24 November 2007. 4042:(17 November 2007). 4016:(9 September 2005). 3413:– via YouTube. 3087:The Jerusalem Report 3070:on 12 November 2008. 2528:"Making of a martyr" 2032:on 19 December 2002. 1935:Cook, David (2007). 1914:"L'Affaire Enderlin" 1838:. 15 November 2007. 1736:and Daniel Leconte, 1606:in Oklahoma (1995). 1380:Report's conclusions 1194:Clément Weill-Raynal 970:and smear campaign. 452:when Germany invaded 228:) was killed in the 9484:Racism in Palestine 9462:Criticism of Israel 9444:Anti-Palestinianism 9270:Quartet established 9154:Lausanne Conference 9036:"Pillar of Defense" 8942:Temple Mount crisis 8877:"Days of Penitence" 8661:Zion Square bombing 8494:Reprisal operations 8482:Fedayeen insurgency 8363:military operations 8130:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak 7512:UNSC Resolution 497 7506:UNSC Resolution 478 7500:UNSC Resolution 452 7487:UNSC Resolution 446 7477:UNSC Resolution 425 7471:UNSC Resolution 350 7461:UNSC Resolution 339 7457:UNSC Resolution 338 7447:Khartoum Resolution 7435:Lausanne Conference 7384:Morrison–Grady Plan 7354:San Remo conference 7332:Balfour Declaration 7204:Gaza–Israel clashes 7196:Gaza–Israel clashes 6971:Mothers' Bus attack 6548:Revolutionary Cells 5676:on 22 October 2008. 5591:For a translation: 5567:Wall Street Journal 5359:– via Scribd. 4169:Wall Street Journal 4044:"L'affaire al-Dura" 4018:"When pictures lie" 3693:on 21 October 2008. 3657:The Daily Telegraph 3614:on 11 October 2016. 3116:on 14 October 2016. 3041:on 15 October 2008. 2990:on 19 October 2002. 2473:. 8 February 2005. 1918:The Weekly Standard 1882:on 11 October 2016. 1553:. The left-leaning 1443:Israeli journalist 1252:2000: Shahaf report 1123:Enderlin's response 814:son had been shot. 780:Abu Rahma's account 414:Bureij refugee camp 111: / 23: 9554:2000 controversies 9457:Criticism of Hamas 9410:Israeli occupation 9309:Israel controversy 9258:Clinton Parameters 9217:1994–present 9160:Israeli settlement 9158:1967–present 9086:"Shield and Arrow" 9026:Gaza flotilla raid 8936:2015–2016 violence 8845:"Defensive Shield" 8605:Savoy Hotel attack 8588:Lillehammer affair 8480:1948–present 8308:Ali Hassan Salameh 8105:Benjamin Netanyahu 7967:Third-party groups 7657:Quartet Principles 7591:Clinton Parameters 7481:Camp David Accords 6864:Savoy Hotel attack 6714:1948 Palestine war 6553:South Lebanon Army 6442:Muslim Brotherhood 6178:Charles Enderlin, 6134:Hafner, Georg M.; 5871:on 8 October 2008. 5312:The New York Times 5281:The Jerusalem Post 5250:The Jerusalem Post 5233:on 1 October 2020. 5067:The Jerusalem Post 4818:(5 October 2000). 4650:The Jerusalem Post 4479:The Jerusalem Post 4456:The Jerusalem Post 4306:The Jerusalem Post 4282:The Jerusalem Post 4104:(2 October 2007). 3940:. 2 October 2000. 3910:. 3 October 2000. 3837:The Jerusalem Post 3800:The New York Times 3631:The New York Times 3372:. 1 October 2000. 2984:Proche-Orient.info 2690:The New York Times 2371:The New York Times 2309:The New York Times 2083:The New York Times 2053:. 28 November 2000 1937:Martyrdom in Islam 1755:Israel Summer Time 1720:Charles Enderlin, 1641:The New York Times 1592: 1569:Court of Cassation 1517: 1472: 1359:Benjamin Netanyahu 1265: 1247:Israel's inquiries 1221:Benjamin Netanyahu 1158:images of the body 1060: 1009:Length and content 964:Kuperwasser report 912:Metula News Agency 873: 831: 730: 386: 322: 273:Benjamin Netanyahu 206:Muhammad al-Durrah 182:Charles Enderlin, 120:31.46472; 34.42722 67:Israel Summer Time 21: 9506: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9424: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9390:Wall construction 9381:UN Resolution 242 9375:UN Resolution 194 9369:UN Resolution 181 9358:Israel and the UN 9346: 9345: 9254:Camp David Summit 9195:Madrid Conference 9170:international law 9106: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9042:"Protective Edge" 8962: 8961: 8885: 8884: 8857:"Determined Path" 8774: 8773: 8713: 8712: 8635: 8634: 8576:Sabena Flight 571 8544: 8543: 8534:Battle of Karameh 8492:1950s–1960s 8449: 8448: 8435:Jewish insurgency 8402:Battle of Tel Hai 8345: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8100:Yitzhak Mordechai 7991: 7990: 7987: 7986: 7962: 7961: 7949:Sabireen Movement 7833:Shabak (Shin Bet) 7753: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7619:Geneva Initiative 7587:Camp David Summit 7547:Madrid Conference 7524:Reagan peace plan 7497: 7402:UN Partition Plan 7396:London Conference 7378:London Conference 7314:Damascus Protocol 7262: 7261: 7163:Pillar of Defense 6814:Sabena Flight 571 6780:Battle of Karameh 6699:Armed engagements 6663: 6662: 6561: 6560: 6533:Japanese Red Army 6288:Primary countries 6092:Enderlin, Charles 5945:Works related to 5196:978-0-275-98758-9 4152:on 21 April 2010. 4083:978-0-472-11835-9 4048:The National Post 4022:Los Angeles Times 3401:. 22 April 2008. 3324:on 23 April 2013. 1965:978-3-030-52474-6 1815:on 17 March 2008. 1805:"Talal Abu Rahma" 1780:"désinformation". 1740:, January 2005: " 1513:Palais de Justice 1480:Philippe Karsenty 1468:Philippe Karsenty 1363:Yossi Kuperwasser 1319:Al-Shifa Hospital 1173:Father's injuries 968:conspiracy theory 937:Philippe Karsenty 818:Israel's response 748:on a stretcher. 746:Al-Shifa Hospital 734:Al-Shifa Hospital 549:Philippe Karsenty 527: 526: 402: 388:Jamal al-Durrah ( 380:refugee camp and 290:Philippe Karsenty 225:Muḥammad ad-Durra 222: 198: 197: 9606: 9479:Racism in Israel 9430: 9429: 9332:Palestine Papers 9225:Hebron Agreement 9165:settler violence 9130: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9112: 9111: 9090:Israel–Hamas war 9058:November clashes 9032:"Returning Echo" 8977: 8976: 8898: 8897: 8873:Beit Hanoun raid 8853:Battle of Nablus 8785: 8784: 8724: 8723: 8644: 8643: 8599:Ma'alot massacre 8559: 8558: 8528:War of Attrition 8469:Arab–Israeli War 8458: 8457: 8384: 8383: 8375: 8374: 8351: 8350: 8203:Marwan Barghouti 8035:David Ben-Gurion 8008: 8007: 7997: 7996: 7894:al-Aqsa Brigades 7848: 7847: 7806: 7805: 7795: 7794: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7757: 7756: 7707:Trump peace plan 7699: 7493: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7268: 7267: 7253: 7250:Israel–Hamas war 7245: 7241:Shield and Arrow 7235: 7225: 7217: 7207: 7199: 7191: 7183: 7180:Wave of violence 7175: 7167: 7157: 7147: 7139: 7131: 7123: 7113: 7105: 7097: 7087: 7077: 7067: 7059: 7051: 7032: 7022: 7012: 7000: 6990: 6982: 6974: 6966: 6958: 6948: 6940: 6932: 6924: 6914: 6895: 6885: 6877: 6867: 6859: 6856:Ma'alot massacre 6851: 6843: 6833: 6825: 6817: 6809: 6801: 6791: 6783: 6775: 6772:War of Attrition 6767: 6759: 6740: 6732: 6724: 6721:Arab–Israeli War 6716: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6669: 6668: 6566:Other countries 6362: 6361: 6302:Egyptian Kingdom 6264: 6257: 6250: 6241: 6240: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6203: 6202: 6177: 6165: 6143: 6136:Schapira, Esther 6130: 6118: 6109: 6094:(October 2010). 6087: 6078: 5994: 5981: 5954: 5944: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5721: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5602: 5596: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5558: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5525:(2 March 2008). 5519: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5397: 5388: 5387: 5376: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5341: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5118: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5009: 5001: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4804:on 16 July 2011. 4803: 4796: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4777:on 18 June 2008. 4773:. 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Archived from 4014:Gelernter, David 4010: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3973: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3898: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3864: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3831:(25 June 2008). 3825: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3791: 3768: 3762: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3715:on 20 July 2011. 3701: 3695: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3503: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3395: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3362: 3353: 3347: 3338: 3325: 3309: 3296: 3290: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3254: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3189: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3131: 3118: 3117: 3112:. Archived from 3101: 3095: 3094: 3089:. 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Archived from 1909: 1884: 1883: 1867: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1828: 1817: 1816: 1809:Rory Peck Awards 1801: 1781: 1777: 1771: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1731: 1725: 1718: 1712: 1705: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1685: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1661: 1646:Israel–Hamas war 1537:Robert Faurisson 1353: 1202: 953: 920: 894: 757:Palestinian flag 682: 668: 654: 610:Associated Press 566: 537: 516: 515: 504: 503: 464:Légion d'honneur 448:Charles Enderlin 443:Charles Enderlin 407: 397: 395: 249:Charles Enderlin 227: 217: 215: 192:disputed section 135:Charles Enderlin 126: 125: 123: 122: 121: 116: 112: 109: 108: 107: 104: 65: 62: 52: 50: 45: 31: 24: 20: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9603: 9509: 9508: 9507: 9498: 9435: 9416: 9342: 9336:2013–2014 9313: 9241: 9199:1993–1995 9187:1981–1982 9176: 9117: 9094: 9080:"Breaking Dawn" 9018:2008–2009 9000:"Autumn Clouds" 8973: 8970: 8958: 8954:Al-Aqsa clashes 8925:Al-Aqsa clashes 8894: 8892: 8881: 8849:Battle of Jenin 8780:Second Intifada 8770: 8709: 8672:Siege of Beirut 8631: 8580:Munich massacre 8555: 8552: 8540: 8526:1967–1970 8516:Rafah massacres 8486:1951–1967 8445: 8439:1947–1948 8433:1944–1947 8427:1936–1939 8421:Hebron massacre 8416:Palestine riots 8397:Nebi Musa riots 8369: 8337: 8283:Abu Ali Mustafa 8238:Amin al-Husayni 8208:Mohammed Dahlan 8164: 8040:Naftali Bennett 8002: 7983: 7958: 7882: 7837: 7800: 7789: 7784: 7754: 7745: 7713:Abraham Accords 7697: 7691: 7534: 7516:1981–1982 7412: 7366:Peel Commission 7301: 7299:peace proposals 7295: 7258: 7248: 7238: 7228: 7220: 7210: 7202: 7194: 7186: 7178: 7170: 7160: 7150: 7142: 7134: 7126: 7116: 7108: 7100: 7090: 7080: 7070: 7062: 7054: 7048:Second Intifada 7046: 7035: 7028:Grapes of Wrath 7025: 7015: 7003: 6993: 6985: 6977: 6969: 6961: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6927: 6917: 6909: 6898: 6888: 6880: 6870: 6862: 6854: 6846: 6836: 6830:Munich massacre 6828: 6820: 6812: 6804: 6794: 6786: 6778: 6770: 6762: 6754: 6743: 6735: 6727: 6719: 6712: 6701: 6696: 6659: 6638: 6617: 6557: 6513:Black September 6491: 6432:Lebanese Forces 6353: 6349:Ba'athist Syria 6345:Syrian Republic 6290:and authorities 6289: 6283: 6282: 6268: 6235: 6230: 6175: 6162: 6106: 6075: 6048:Wayback Machine 6037:Wayback Machine 6026:Wayback Machine 6015:Wayback Machine 6004:Wayback Machine 5993:on 2 June 2016. 5952: 5937: 5935:Further reading 5932: 5922: 5920: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5880: 5876: 5858: 5854: 5846: 5842: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5800: 5796: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5755:Al Arabiya News 5749: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5723: 5722: 5715: 5705: 5703: 5688: 5681: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5638:(7 June 2008). 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5612:. 22 May 2008. 5604: 5603: 5599: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5559: 5550: 5540: 5538: 5523:Simon, Roger L. 5520: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5455: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5424: 5420: 5410: 5408: 5399: 5398: 5391: 5386:on 9 June 2013. 5378: 5377: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5304: 5300: 5290: 5288: 5273: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5242: 5238: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5167: 5165: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5119: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5061: 5060: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5026: 5022: 5017:on 16 May 2011. 5014: 5007: 5003: 5002: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4927:For the names: 4926: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4887: 4877: 4875: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4833: 4831: 4816:Whitaker, Brian 4813: 4809: 4801: 4794: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4761: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4642: 4633: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4591: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4564: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4509: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4465: 4463: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4363:The Independent 4355: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4330: 4326: 4315: 4313: 4291: 4289: 4274: 4270: 4264:Wayback Machine 4252: 4248: 4221: 4219: 4206:(44): 159–166. 4192: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4161: 4157: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4099: 4095: 4084: 4068: 4059: 4037: 4033: 4011: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3974: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3900: 3899: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3865: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3826: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3792: 3771: 3763: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3720: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3623: 3619: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3506: 3498: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3425: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3397: 3396: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3364: 3363: 3356: 3348: 3341: 3335:Wayback Machine 3310: 3299: 3291: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3190: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3132: 3121: 3102: 3098: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3027: 3023: 3009:Wayback Machine 2999: 2995: 2976: 2959: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2883: 2879: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2810:. Other Press. 2804: 2797: 2778: 2747: 2737: 2735: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2625: 2621: 2616:on 13 May 2012. 2602: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2564: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2524: 2515: 2510:on 23 May 2006. 2498: 2497: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2440:Mitchell Report 2433: 2432: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2300: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2250: 2249: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2227:Times of Israel 2221: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2189: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2153: 2146: 2136: 2134: 2119: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2075: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2045: 2044: 2037: 2018: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1980: 1973: 1966: 1952: 1948: 1933: 1929: 1910: 1887: 1868: 1855: 1845: 1843: 1830: 1829: 1820: 1803: 1802: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1778: 1774: 1765: 1761: 1753: 1749: 1732: 1728: 1719: 1715: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1692: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1665:Mitchell Report 1662: 1658: 1654: 1616:Osama bin Laden 1600:Vietnamese girl 1577: 1565: 1533:Thierry Meyssan 1525:Francis Szpiner 1498: 1461: 1453: 1412:polygraph tests 1407: 1382: 1354: 1351: 1344: 1335: 1314: 1254: 1249: 1217:Actualité Juive 1213:Actualité Juive 1209:Actualité Juive 1196: 1183:Actualité Juive 1175: 1166: 1145: 1125: 1050: 1037: 1035:Footage cut off 1011: 1006: 976: 947: 914: 888: 861: 855: 820: 782: 742:Esther Schapira 722: 690: 689: 688: 687: 686: 683: 674: 673: 672: 669: 660: 659: 658: 655: 644: 642:France 2 report 622: 587:Herev Battalion 571: 570: 569: 568: 567: 558: 557: 556: 538: 513: 502: 500:Before shooting 497: 484:Rory Peck Award 479: 477:Talal Abu Rahma 445: 370: 365: 312: 310:Second Intifada 306: 298:Rory Peck Award 258:Initially, the 202:Second Intifada 172:Rory Peck Award 148:Talal Abu Rahma 119: 117: 113: 110: 105: 102: 100: 98: 97: 63: 48: 46: 43: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9612: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9504: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9474:Media coverage 9471: 9470: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9451: 9446: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9426: 9425: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9406: 9398: 9392: 9383: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9360: 9354: 9352: 9351:United Nations 9348: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9334: 9328: 9321: 9319: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9311: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9278: 9272: 9266: 9260: 9249: 9247: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9209: 9207:Paris Protocol 9203: 9197: 9191: 9184: 9182: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9172: 9167: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9136: 9134: 9127: 9119: 9118: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9082: 9076: 9070: 9060: 9050: 9044: 9038: 9028: 9022: 9016: 9006: 8996:"Summer Rains" 8983: 8981: 8974: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8957: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8933: 8927: 8921: 8911: 8904: 8902: 8895: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8879: 8865: 8859: 8835: 8827: 8825:October events 8821: 8816: 8815: 8814: 8804: 8803: 8802: 8791: 8789: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8749: 8743: 8741:Bus 405 attack 8737: 8730: 8728: 8721: 8719:First Intifada 8715: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8701: 8688: 8686:Bus 300 affair 8682: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8663: 8657: 8655:Yom Kippur War 8650: 8648: 8641: 8637: 8636: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8623: 8613: 8607: 8601: 8591: 8572: 8565: 8563: 8556: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8537: 8536: 8524: 8518: 8504: 8502:Qibya massacre 8498: 8497: 8496: 8490: 8478: 8477: 8476: 8464: 8462: 8455: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8443: 8437: 8431: 8425: 8424: 8423: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8390: 8388: 8381: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8366: 8365: 8347: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8318:Ramadan Shalah 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8233:Nayef Hawatmeh 8230: 8228:Ismail Haniyeh 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8145:Shabtai Shavit 8142: 8137: 8135:Yitzhak Shamir 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8045:Menachem Begin 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8016: 8014: 8004: 8003: 7993: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7954:Sons of Zouari 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7909:Jenin Brigades 7906: 7901: 7896: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7854: 7852: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7814: 7812: 7802: 7801: 7791: 7790: 7783: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7709: 7702: 7700: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7649: 7631: 7621: 7615: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7555: 7549: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7483: 7473: 7463: 7453: 7443: 7437: 7427: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7316: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7302: 7297:Diplomacy and 7294: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7271: 7264: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7246: 7236: 7226: 7218: 7208: 7200: 7192: 7184: 7176: 7168: 7158: 7153:Returning Echo 7148: 7140: 7132: 7124: 7106: 7098: 7088: 7078: 7068: 7060: 7052: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7023: 7018:Accountability 7013: 7001: 6991: 6983: 6975: 6967: 6963:First Intifada 6959: 6949: 6941: 6937:Bus 300 affair 6933: 6925: 6915: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6886: 6878: 6868: 6860: 6852: 6844: 6834: 6826: 6818: 6810: 6806:Yom Kippur War 6802: 6792: 6784: 6776: 6768: 6760: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6733: 6725: 6717: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6695: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6672: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6636: 6634:United Nations 6631: 6629:European Union 6625: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6603:United Kingdom 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6437:al-Mourabitoun 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6368: 6366: 6359: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6320:Ba'athist Iraq 6313: 6308: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6259: 6252: 6244: 6237: 6236: 6229: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6167: 6166: 6160: 6144: 6131: 6119: 6110: 6104: 6088: 6079: 6073: 6051: 6050: 5982: 5965: 5959: 5950: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5905: 5874: 5852: 5840: 5825: 5794: 5772: 5742: 5713: 5679: 5657: 5627: 5597: 5584: 5548: 5511: 5480: 5449: 5418: 5389: 5362: 5329: 5298: 5267: 5236: 5214: 5202: 5195: 5175: 5158:CBS 60 Minutes 5144: 5106: 5076: 5073:on 1 May 2011. 5051: 5020: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4957: 4945: 4933: 4920: 4908: 4896: 4885: 4854: 4842: 4807: 4780: 4752: 4722: 4710: 4698: 4667: 4631: 4616: 4582: 4570: 4558: 4546: 4534: 4496: 4442: 4411: 4380: 4349: 4335: 4324: 4268: 4246: 4242:on 6 May 2016. 4186: 4155: 4127: 4102:Fallows, James 4093: 4082: 4057: 4031: 4002: 3977:Jeambar, Denis 3955: 3925: 3890: 3854: 3829:Seaman, Daniel 3817: 3769: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3718: 3696: 3674: 3643: 3617: 3594: 3582: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3504: 3489: 3458: 3443: 3431: 3416: 3387: 3354: 3339: 3328:alternate link 3297: 3280: 3246: 3234: 3218: 3193:Fallows, James 3157: 3119: 3110:Jerusalem Post 3096: 3083:"Split Screen" 3073: 3044: 3021: 2993: 2957: 2935: 2908: 2877: 2874:on 8 May 2016. 2854: 2823: 2816: 2795: 2792:on 7 May 2008. 2745: 2715: 2676: 2650: 2619: 2589: 2549: 2513: 2488: 2458: 2426: 2396: 2358: 2327: 2277: 2240: 2229:. 26 June 2013 2214: 2180: 2144: 2100: 2064: 2035: 2005: 1971: 1964: 1946: 1927: 1885: 1853: 1818: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1782: 1772: 1766:Larry Defner, 1759: 1747: 1726: 1713: 1700: 1690: 1680: 1670: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1635:Dreyfus affair 1576: 1573: 1564: 1561: 1529:Jacques Chirac 1497: 1491: 1487:Jacques Chirac 1460: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1428:Amman hospital 1406: 1403: 1395:Yuval Steinitz 1381: 1378: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1313: 1310: 1267:Major General 1260:Major General 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1144: 1141: 1124: 1121: 1049: 1046: 1036: 1033: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 975: 972: 933:Richard Landes 923:Luc Rosenzweig 897:Arlette Chabot 886:Daniel Leconte 869:Arlette Chabot 860: 857: 819: 816: 781: 778: 765:femoral artery 721: 718: 684: 677: 676: 675: 670: 663: 662: 661: 656: 649: 648: 647: 646: 645: 643: 640: 621: 618: 583:Givati Brigade 561: 560: 559: 539: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 525: 524: 509: 508: 507:External image 501: 498: 496: 493: 478: 475: 460:Jacques Chirac 444: 441: 405:Jamāl ad-Durra 369: 366: 364: 361: 305: 302: 204:, 12-year-old 196: 195: 180: 176: 175: 169: 165: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 132: 131:First reporter 128: 127: 95: 89: 88: 79: 75: 74: 58: 54: 53: 40: 36: 35: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9611: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9438: 9431: 9427: 9411: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9397: 9394:2023–present 9393: 9391: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9378: 9376: 9372: 9370: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9339: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9327: 9324:2010–11 9323: 9322: 9320: 9316: 9310: 9308: 9303: 9301: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9289: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9271: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9244: 9238: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9220: 9216: 9214: 9210: 9208: 9204: 9202: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9190: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9162: 9161: 9157: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116:Diplomacy/law 9113: 9109: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9081: 9077: 9075: 9071: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9049: 9045: 9043: 9039: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9021: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8972: 8965: 8955: 8951: 8949: 8945: 8943: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8928: 8926: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8910: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8888: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8826: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8805: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8796: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8777: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8756: 8755: 8754: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8742: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8716: 8706: 8702: 8700: 8696: 8694: 8693:Achille Lauro 8689: 8687: 8683: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8670: 8669: 8668: 8664: 8662: 8658: 8656: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8628: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8612: 8608: 8606: 8602: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8547: 8535: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8523: 8519: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8489: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8459: 8456: 8452: 8442: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8359: 8356: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8323:Fathi Shaqaqi 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8313:Salah Shehade 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8298:Jibril Rajoub 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8278:Zuheir Mohsen 8276: 8274: 8273:Khaled Mashal 8271: 8269: 8268:Sheikh Khalil 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8218:George Habash 8216: 8214: 8213:Mohammed Deif 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8193:Yasser Arafat 8191: 8189: 8188:Moussa Arafat 8186: 8184: 8183:Mahmoud Abbas 8181: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8167: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8150:Moshe Ya'alon 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8125:Yitzhak Rabin 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8075:Efraim Halevy 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8005: 7998: 7994: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7823:Israel Police 7821: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7781: 7776: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7694: 7688: 7684: 7682: 7678: 7676: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7620: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7604: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7582: 7578: 7576: 7572: 7570: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7554: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7527: 7525: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7501: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7405: 7403: 7399: 7397: 7394:1946–47 7393: 7391: 7387: 7385: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7292: 7287: 7285: 7280: 7278: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7265: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7233: 7232: 7231:Breaking Dawn 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7094: 7093:Autumn Clouds 7089: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6997: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6756:Samu incident 6753: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6693: 6688: 6686: 6681: 6679: 6674: 6673: 6670: 6666: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643:Former states 6641: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622:Transnational 6620: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6608:United States 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6523:Holy War Army 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6397:Army of Islam 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6358:Organizations 6356: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6316:Iraqi Kingdom 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6297:All-Palestine 6295: 6294: 6292: 6286: 6279:Organizations 6278: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6265: 6260: 6258: 6253: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6222: 6220: 6215: 6213: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6184:courtesy link 6181: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6163: 6161:9782130575764 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6129:. Authorship. 6128: 6124: 6123:Poller, Nidra 6120: 6116: 6111: 6107: 6105:9782359490268 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6080: 6076: 6074:9782877810661 6070: 6066: 6062: 6061:Huber, Gérard 6058: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5998: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5951: 5949:at Wikisource 5948: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5878: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5856: 5850:, p. 371 5849: 5844: 5836: 5829: 5813: 5810:(in French). 5809: 5805: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5776: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5730: 5726: 5720: 5718: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5684: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5636:Barnavi, Élie 5631: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5594: 5588: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5536: 5532: 5531:Pajamas Media 5528: 5524: 5518: 5516: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5468: 5465:(in French). 5464: 5460: 5453: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5422: 5407:. 22 May 2013 5406: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5385: 5381: 5375: 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