487:, which suggests a close relationship between Khentkaus and Menkaure. In front of the temple a small structure referred to as the "washing tent" of Khentkaus was discovered. This structure was the location where her body would have been taken to be purified before being embalmed. The debris filling this chamber contained many fragments of stone vessels, potsherds, and flint instruments. The floor is the opening of a limestone drain which runs downward under the ground for a distance of 7–20 m., emptying into a large, rectangular basin. The drain is covered by arched sections of the same material, the whole forming an almost circular stone pipe. Although by no means the oldest subterranean water-channel known in Egyptian funerary architecture, according to Hassan, it is the earliest of this particular type and construction.
194:
two kings of upper and lower Egypt, as mother of the king of upper and lower Egypt and the king of upper and lower Egypt, or, as one scholar reads it, the king of upper and lower Egypt and the mother of two kings of upper and lower Egypt. Furthermore, her depiction on this doorway also gives her the full trappings of kingship, including the false beard of the king. This depiction and the title given have led some
Egyptologists to suggest that she reigned as king near the end of the fourth dynasty.
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the valley temple from the main entrance, one would walk up a “wide brick-paved causeway which runs up from the valley in a westerly direction.” The doorway was embellished with a portico held up by two columns. Once one enters the doorway, “The doorway opens into a vestibule, the roof of which was supported upon four columns. Near the doorway a statue of king
185:– tomb LG100 – is located very close to Menkaure's pyramid complex. This close connection may point to a family relationship. Although the relationship is not clear, the proximity of the pyramid complex of Khentkaus to that of king Menkaure has led to the conjecture that she may have been his daughter.
326:
Arielle
Kozloff theorized that Shepseskaf was the son of Menkaure with a minor wife who came to the throne after the death of the king's son, Khuenre. He also theorized that Shepseskaf married Menkaure's daughter, Khentkaus, and suggested that upon the premature death of Shepseskaf, Khentkaus married
287:
believed that the existence of the pyramid town that is part of her burial temple complex, suggested that
Khentkaus was a very important person and that her title should be read as, "the King of Upper and Lower Egypt and the Mother of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt", indicating that she served as
446:
The burial chamber possibly housed an alabaster sarcophagus; many pieces were found in the sand and debris that filled the chamber. The chamber also contained a small scarab made of a brown limestone. Its craftsmanship appears to connect the scarab to the
Twelfth Dynasty. The presence of the scarab
490:
The valley temples of
Khentkaus and Menkaure were both partially constructed of mud-brick and finished with white limestone and alabaster. The main entrance is located on the northern side, which is a departure from the more common situation where the main entrance is located to the east. Entering
462:
Immediately to the east of the pyramid lies a pyramid city. The city is laid out along several streets that divide the city into groups of houses. These houses had their own magazines and granaries. The city was constructed from unbaked mud-brick, and surfaces were covered in a yellow plaster. The
434:
limestone. The walls were covered in relief, but the scenes are very badly damaged. Relief fragments were found in the debris when the tomb was excavated by Selim Hassan. The passage to the burial chamber and the chamber itself were lined with red granite. The passageway is 5.6 m long and descends
422:
complex of
Khentkaus consists of the pyramid, a chapel, a solar boat, the pyramid city, a water tank, and granaries. The pyramid originally was described in the nineteenth century as an unfinished pyramid and it had been conjectured that it belonged to king Shepseskaf. The pyramid was excavated by
193:
Khentkaus's burial complex confirms her royal status. Some of her titles are ambiguous and open to interpretation. She appears to have served as regent and may have taken the title of king. On a granite doorway leading into her tomb, Khentkaus I is given titles that may be read either as mother of
739:
Porter, Bertha, and
Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (AbĂ» Rawâsh to DahshĂ»r). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: Memphis, Part 1 (AbĂ» Rawâsh to AbĂ»sĂ®r), revised and augmented by JaromĂr Málek.
126:
306:
Bernhard
Grdseloff proposed that Shepseskaf and Khentkaus were the son and daughter of Menkaure, and that Userkaf was a prince from a collateral branch of the royal family who came to the throne when he married the royal widow and mother of the heirs to the throne, Khentkaus.
228:
Manetho's King List has
Menkaure and Thampthis reigning in the Fourth Dynasty, which ties Khentkaus to the end of the Fourth Dynasty, The suggestions of her marriage to Userkaf and having been the mother of Sahure, tie her to the Fifth Dynasty as well.
454:
is located to the southwest of the pyramid. A pit measuring some 30.25 m long and 4.25 m deep was cut into the rock. The prow and stern of the boat were upraised and the boat appears to have had a roof. It may represent the night-boat of the sun-god
495:(father of Menkaure) once stood. Remains of a statue of a king (possibly Khafra) and the body of a sphinx statue were found in the vestibule of the temple. The vestibule opens up to a court which in turn led to the magazines."
302:
were sons of
Shepseskaf and Khentkaus. Borchardt conjectured that Userkaf was an outsider who was able to take the throne because Sahure and Neferirkare were too young to ascend the throne when Shepseskaf died.
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2811:
177:
Some suggest that she was the regent for one of her sons. Perhaps, in her own right, she may have been the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, which aspects of her burial suggest. Her
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The chapel consisted of a main hall and an inner chapel. A passage cut in the floor of the inner chapel leads to the burial chamber. The floor of the chapel was covered in
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title as, the Mother of Two Kings of Upper and Lower Egypt. She thought Khentkaus had to be a daughter of Menkaure and the wife of either Shepseskaf or
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city was probably the home of the priests and servants of the pyramid complex. The pyramid city was constructed toward the end of the
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That she was the daughter of Menkaure is speculated widely. Much evidence supports the idea. Khentkaus may have been married to king
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below the main structure of the pyramid. The burial chamber is large and most closely resembles the burial chamber of king
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1337:
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The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume I: From the Beginnings to Old Kingdom Egypt and the Dynasty of Akkad
483:
A causeway connects the pyramid chapel to the valley temple of Khentkaus. The temple lies close to the valley temple of
362:
2801:
2171:
1756:
851:
649:
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686:
Verner, Miroslav. "Further Thoughts on the Khentkaus Problem." Discussions in Egyptology 38 (1997), pp. 109, 113-114.
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520:
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1939:
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Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), pg 68
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suggested that Shepseskaf was a commoner who married the king's daughter, Khentkaus. He further thought that
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402:. The pyramid complex of Khentkaus includes her pyramid, a boat pit, a valley temple, and a pyramid town.
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M. Verner, Abusir III: The Pyramid Complex of Khentkaus, Czech Institute of Egyptology, Praha, 1995
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534:"The miraculous rise of the Fifth Dynasty – the story of Papyrus Westcar and historical evidence"
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Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza IV. 1932–1933. Cairo: Government Press, Bulâq, 1930. pp 18-62
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Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza IV. 1932–1933. Cairo: Government Press, Bulâq, 1930. pp 53
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346:. She pointed to Userkaf and Neferirkare as the two sons referred to in Khentkaus's title.
23:
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has stated that it is more likely, however, that Sahure was a son of Userkaf and his wife
8:
2623:
2125:
395:
623:"Archaeological excavation of the mastaba of Queen Khentkaus III (tomb AC 30) in Abusir"
323:. He suggested that Khentkaus was the mother of Userkaf, Sahure, and Neferirkare Kakai.
1884:
1844:
1695:
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king. He suggested that she was the daughter of Menkaure and the sister of Shepseskaf.
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proposed that Khentkaus was a daughter of Menkaure, and that she was married first to
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Vivienne Callender asserted that since the name of Khentkaus did not appear in a
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1103:
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513:
An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets, and Phrases of the Old Kingdom
377:
364:
147:
709:
Grajetzki, Ancient Egyptian Queens – a hieroglyphic dictionary, London, 2005
2729:
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2015:
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113:
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217:. He also suggested that Khentkaus was the mother and regent for her son
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436:
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should be read as, "The Mother of two Kings of Upper and Lower Egypt".
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410:
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starting in 1932. The tomb was given the number LG 100 by Lepsius.
315:
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KrejÄŤĂ, JaromĂr; Arias Kytnarová, KatarĂna; Odler, Martin (2015).
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leads some to believe that her tomb was reused for later burials.
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Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 288-289, plans 20, 22, 23.
459:. If so, there may be an accompanying day-boat, yet to be found.
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she never ruled Egypt. Instead, Callender preferred to read the
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394:. Her tomb is known as LG 100 and G 8400 and is located in the
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Radner, Karen; Moeller, Nadine; Potts, D. T. (2020-07-07).
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Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
538:
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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182:
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1980:
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The "Khentkaus Problem" has a long history. In the 1930s
456:
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suggested that Khentkaus was none other than the lady,
170:(the founder of the Fifth Dynasty), the mother of king
405:
277:. Ventikiev was the first to suggest that the title
478:
647:
471:and seems to have been functioning well into the
260:
2898:
585:, Nature, 550, 330-331(2017), October 17, 2017
819:
16:Queen of Ancient Egypt during the 4th dynasty
2912:Queens consort of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
833:
826:
812:
249:) or Dual King and Mother of a Dual King (
2907:Princesses of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
2791:
562:, Routledge London & New York 1999,
409:
582:Archaeology: The wonder of the pyramids
515:, Band 1, 427, Nr. 1578, Oxford, 2000,
331:to secure the throne for her two sons.
158:. She may have been a daughter of king
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780:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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256:King of Upper and Lower Egypt (Junker)
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697:"Manetho | Ancient Egypt Online"
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146:, was a royal woman who lived in
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479:The valley temple of Khentkaus I
201:and may have been the mother of
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2917:26th-century BC Egyptian people
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261:Theories regarding Khentkaus I
132:Khentkaus depicted on her tomb
1:
498:
728:http://gizapyramids.org/code
7:
654:. Oxford University Press.
560:Who is who in Ancient Egypt
414:Tomb of Khentkaus I in Giza
10:
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1338:Second Intermediate Period
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245:Mother of Two Dual Kings (
106:Mut-nesut-biti-nesut-biti
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532:Verner, Miroslav (2015).
378:29.9734056°N 31.1356083°E
232:
123:
119:
112:Title of Khentkaus I and
67:
29:
21:
2952:3rd-millennium BC deaths
2947:3rd-millennium BC births
2932:25th-century BC monarchs
856: (<3150–2040 BC)
390:Khentkaus was buried in
162:, the wife of both king
109:mw.t-nsw-bi.tj-nsw-bi.tj
1895:Menhet, Menwi and Merti
1540:Khenemetneferhedjet III
835:Queens of Ancient Egypt
349:
340:mwt nswt bity nswt bity
279:mwt nswt bity nswt bity
188:
2601:Eurydice II of Macedon
1518:Khenemetneferhedjet II
415:
383:29.9734056; 31.1356083
356:Pyramid of Khentkaus I
142:, also referred to as
129:
2937:25th-century BC women
2927:26th-century BC women
1503:Khenemetneferhedjet I
413:
253:) (Dodson and Hilton)
251:nsw-bity mwt-nsw-bity
128:
2792:Dynastic genealogies
2468:Khedebneithirbinet I
1342: (2040–1550 BC)
848:Protodynastic Period
467:or beginning of the
398:that is part of the
1761: (1550–664 BC)
374: /
319:, mentioned in the
311:Hartwig AltenmĂĽller
2385:Hellenistic Period
1885:Merytre-Hatshepsut
1845:Ahmose-Henuttamehu
579:Robinson, Andrew,
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221:and the mother of
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901:
900:
661:978-0-19-068787-8
329:High Priest of Re
300:Neferirkare Kakai
223:Neferirkare Kakai
207:Neferirkare Kakai
137:
136:
104:
103:
100:
99:
57:
56:
53:
52:
2969:
2962:Regents of Egypt
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2757:
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2737:
2725:
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2704:Cleopatra Selene
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2690:
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2248:Nesitanebetashru
2243:Nesitaudjatakhet
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2116:Iset Ta-Hemdjert
2082:
1972:
1871:
1850:Ahmose-Meritamun
1840:Ahmose-Sitkamose
1835:Ahmose-Nefertari
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
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1360:
1359:
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1308:
1290:Ankhesenpepi III
1129:Khamerernebty II
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756:. Archived from
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150:during both the
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35:
34:
31:
19:
18:
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1997:
1965:Neferneferuaten
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1295:Ankhesenpepi IV
1250:Ankhesenpepi II
1221:
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1114:Khamerernebty I
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751:"Archived copy"
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400:Giza Necropolis
382:
380:
376:
373:
368:
365:
363:
361:
360:
358:
352:
321:Westcar Papyrus
263:
238:King's Mother (
235:
211:Miroslav Verner
209:. Egyptologist
191:
131:
111:
107:
105:
92:
87:
82:
77:
60:
58:
45:
39:
22:Khentkaus I in
17:
12:
11:
5:
2975:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2726:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2483:Nakhtubasterau
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:Mehytenweskhet
2459:
2457:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2172:3 Intermediate
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1817:(1550–1070 BC)
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1569:(1802–1550 BC)
1564:2 Intermediate
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1480:Neferitatjenen
1475:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1398:(2040–1802 BC)
1393:Middle Kingdom
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1347:
1346:
1334:Middle Kingdom
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Ankhesenpepi I
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1026:(2686–2181 BC)
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
996:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
937:
932:
926:
924:
915:
912:(3150–2686 BC)
907:Early Dynastic
903:
902:
899:
898:
896:
895:
888:
882:
880:
877:
871:
868:
861:
860:
839:
838:
831:
830:
823:
816:
808:
800:
799:
787:
742:
732:
720:
711:
702:
688:
679:
667:
660:
640:
613:
587:
572:
558:Michael Rice:
551:
524:
511:Dilwyn Jones:
503:
502:
500:
497:
480:
477:
465:Fourth Dynasty
407:
404:
354:Main article:
351:
348:
285:Hermann Junker
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
247:mwt-nswy-bitwy
243:
234:
231:
190:
187:
152:Fourth Dynasty
135:
134:
121:
120:
117:
116:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
89:
84:
79:
65:
64:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
41:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2974:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2751:Cleopatra VII
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2684:Cleopatra III
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:Takahatenamun
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:(1069–664 BC)
2173:
2169:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Isetnofret II
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:Ahmose Inhapy
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Khentkaus III
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Meresankh III
1107:
1105:
1104:Hetepheres II
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:Djeseretnebti
1047:
1045:
1044:Hetephernebti
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
993:
989:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
923:
919:
916:
908:
904:
893:
889:
884:
883:
881:
875:
872:
866:
862:
853:
849:
844:
840:
836:
829:
824:
822:
817:
815:
810:
809:
806:
794:
792:
783:
777:
763:on 2013-01-29
759:
752:
746:
736:
729:
724:
715:
706:
698:
692:
683:
674:
672:
663:
657:
653:
652:
644:
636:
632:
629:(15): 28–42.
628:
624:
617:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
584:
583:
576:
569:
568:0-203-44328-4
565:
561:
555:
547:
543:
540:(15): 86–92.
539:
535:
528:
522:
521:1-84171-069-5
518:
514:
508:
504:
496:
494:
488:
486:
476:
474:
473:Sixth Dynasty
470:
469:Fifth Dynasty
466:
460:
458:
453:
448:
444:
442:
438:
433:
428:
426:
421:
412:
403:
401:
397:
396:Central Field
393:
387:
366:29°58′24.26″N
357:
347:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
324:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
282:
280:
276:
273:and later to
272:
268:
255:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
236:
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
186:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:Fifth Dynasty
153:
149:
148:ancient Egypt
145:
141:
127:
122:
118:
115:
110:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
48:
42:
37:
36:
33:
32:
28:
25:
20:
2730:Cleopatra VI
2728:
2709:Berenice III
2694:Cleopatra IV
2674:Cleopatra II
2596:Parysatis II
2445:(664–332 BC)
2424:
2349:Atakhebasken
2263:Tadibast III
2238:Tashedkhonsu
2150:
2141:Tawerettenru
2111:Tiy-Merenese
2090:
1990:
1976:Ankhesenamun
1963:
1796:
1527:
1490:
1478:
1377:
1299:
1260:Meritites IV
1217:Nimaathap II
1197:Meresankh IV
1172:Khentkaus II
1162:Neferhetepes
1156:
1124:Hekenuhedjet
1099:Meresankh II
1079:Hetepheres I
1048:
999:
939:
891:
765:. Retrieved
758:the original
745:
735:
723:
714:
705:
691:
682:
650:
643:
626:
616:
580:
575:
559:
554:
537:
527:
512:
507:
489:
482:
461:
449:
445:
429:
425:Selim Hassan
417:
359:
339:
333:
325:
314:
309:
305:
290:
283:
278:
267:Selim Hassan
264:
250:
246:
239:
227:
215:Neferhetepes
196:
192:
176:
143:
139:
138:
114:Khentkaus II
108:
61:
2741:Berenice IV
2719:Cleopatra V
2654:Arsinoe III
2644:Berenice II
2591:Stateira II
2568:(332–30 BC)
2563:Hellenistic
2381:Late Period
2334:Tabekenamun
2281:Karomama II
2152:Baketwernel
2131:Duatentopet
2092:Anuketemheb
1812:New Kingdom
1753:New Kingdom
1545:Sobekneferu
1523:Neferthenut
1421:Neferukayet
1265:Inenek-Inti
1157:Khentkaus I
1084:Meritites I
1061:Meresankh I
1056:Djefatnebti
1021:Old Kingdom
730:G 8400 page
570:, see p. 96
381: /
369:31°8′8.19″E
140:Khentkaus I
24:hieroglyphs
2901:Categories
2761:Arsinoe IV
2634:Arsinoe II
2624:Berenice I
2549:Stateira I
2258:Karomama I
2228:Penreshnes
2200:Mutnedjmet
2146:Nubkhesbed
2031:Isetnofret
2021:Tanedjemet
1992:Nebetnehat
1986:Mutnedjmet
1865:Hatshepsut
1726:Ahhotep II
1721:Sitdjehuti
1696:Sobekemsaf
1673:Mentuhotep
1597:Senebhenas
1592:Nubhetepti
1529:Meretseger
1486:Neferu III
1167:Meretnebty
967:Seshemetka
952:Nakhtneith
930:Neithhotep
767:2013-05-29
499:References
452:solar boat
437:Shepseskaf
271:Shepseskaf
219:Thamphthis
164:Shepseskaf
144:Khentkawes
2882:Ptolemaic
2629:Arsinoe I
2611:Ptolemaic
2531:Parysatis
2511:Artystone
2478:Tentkheta
2425:uncertain
2136:Henutwati
2056:Nebettawy
2051:Bintanath
2046:Meritamen
2036:Henutmire
2026:Nefertari
1959:Meritaten
1954:Nefertiti
1945:Tadukhipa
1930:Gilukhipa
1920:Mutemwiya
1910:Nefertari
1860:Mutnofret
1797:uncertain
1711:Ahhotep I
1706:Tetisheri
1508:Nofret II
1436:Neferu II
1378:uncertain
1270:Nedjeftet
1192:Nebunebty
1094:Khentetka
1007:Nimaathap
892:uncertain
635:1214-3189
546:1214-3189
344:Thampthis
336:cartouche
240:mwt-niswt
166:and king
62:ḫnt-kꜣw.s
59:Khentkaus
2957:Menkaure
2847:21 to 23
2619:Eurydice
2526:Damaspia
2521:Amestris
2354:Malaqaye
2344:Naparaye
2319:Peksater
2299:Pebatjma
2233:Maatkare
2223:Karomama
2205:Karimala
2195:Tentamun
2158:Tentamun
1701:Haankhes
1691:Nubemhat
1637:Satsobek
1622:Nubkhaes
1607:Senebsen
1446:Henhenet
1416:Neferu I
1301:Nitocris
1285:Udjebten
1255:Nubwenet
1240:Khuit II
1202:Setibhor
1182:Reptynub
1134:Rekhetre
1119:Persenet
1089:Henutsen
977:Serethor
962:Merneith
947:Herneith
941:Khenthap
776:cite web
485:Menkaure
316:Rededjet
160:Menkaure
154:and the
2473:Takhuit
2419:Pharaoh
2411:Dynasty
2329:Qalhata
2076:Twosret
2061:Merytre
1935:Sitamun
1900:Nebsemi
1791:Pharaoh
1783:Dynasty
1513:Khenmet
1492:Keminub
1441:Ashayet
1372:Pharaoh
1364:Dynasty
1280:Iput II
1187:Khuit I
1139:Bunefer
982:Betrest
957:Penebui
935:Benerib
886:Pharaoh
878:Dynasty
441:Saqqara
420:pyramid
275:Userkaf
199:Userkaf
179:mastaba
168:Userkaf
2586:Roxana
2578:Argead
2516:Parmys
2506:Atossa
2488:Ladice
2402:Period
2314:Khensa
2304:Tabiry
2071:Takhat
1880:Satiah
1855:Ahmose
1774:Period
1632:Abetni
1587:Nofret
1461:Kemsit
1355:Period
1235:Iput I
1212:Khenut
869:Period
658:
633:
566:
544:
519:
493:Khafre
296:Sahure
233:Titles
203:Sahure
172:Sahure
2498:XXVII
2273:XXIII
2253:Kapes
2011:Sitre
1915:Iaret
1890:Nebtu
1827:XVIII
1617:Ineni
1498:Senet
1456:Kawit
1451:Sadeh
1275:Neith
1207:Nebet
1001:Menka
972:Semat
761:(PDF)
754:(PDF)
2541:XXXI
2455:XXVI
2440:Late
2383:and
2324:Arty
2309:Abar
2215:XXII
2126:Tiye
2121:Tyti
2086:Tiaa
2016:Tuya
1949:Kiya
1940:Iset
1925:Tiye
1905:Tiaa
1875:Iset
1755:and
1683:XVII
1655:Tati
1612:Tjan
1602:Neni
1579:XIII
1336:and
782:link
656:ISBN
631:ISSN
564:ISBN
542:ISSN
517:ISBN
450:Her
432:Tura
418:The
392:Giza
350:Tomb
327:the
298:and
205:and
189:Life
183:Giza
2291:XXV
2187:XXI
2003:XIX
1981:Tey
1665:XVI
1647:XIV
1627:Aya
1535:Aat
1471:XII
1431:Tem
1426:Iah
1036:III
850:to
439:in
181:at
2903::
2877:31
2872:30
2867:27
2862:26
2857:25
2852:24
2842:20
2837:19
2832:18
2827:12
2822:11
2103:XX
1947:/
1408:XI
1227:VI
1071:IV
992:II
790:^
778:}}
774:{{
670:^
625:.
590:^
536:.
475:.
457:Ra
443:.
225:.
174:.
2817:4
2812:3
2807:2
2802:1
1149:V
922:I
827:e
820:t
813:v
784:)
770:.
699:.
664:.
637:.
548:.
242:)
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