25:
787:
Grey, red and green marls, black shales, and so-called white (3.0–45.7 m, 10–150 ft). Upper Keuper marl, red and grey marls and shales with rock salt, 240–910 m (800–3,000 ft). As in
Germany, there are one or more bone beds in the English Rhaetic with a similar assemblage of
615:. The name "Rhaetic" is derived from the Rhaetic Alps where the beds are well developed; they occur also in central France, the Pyrenees and England. In South Tirol and the Judicarian Mountains, the Rhaetic is represented by the
640:
The middle division is thicker than either of the others (at Göttingen, 450 m, 1,480 ft); it consists of a marly series below, grey, red and green marls, with
922:
719:
578:
545:
822:
district. The rocksalt beds vary from 25 cm (1 inch) to 30 metres (100 ft) in thickness; they are extensively worked (mined and pumped) in
699:
665:
653:
605:-beds, thicker than those in the middle Keuper, which contain a rich assemblage of fossil remains of fish, reptiles and the mammalian teeth of
585:
beds
Lettenkohle are aggregated towards the base. The upper Keuper, Rhaetic or Avicula contorta zone in Germany is mainly sandy with dark grey
626:
766:
In Great
Britain the 'Keuper' is no longer a formally recognised geological division. The one-time Keuper Marls are now redesignated as the
681:
1119:
673:
669:
616:
344:
1147:
1097:
802:
Sandstone, marls and thin sandstones at the top, red and white sandstones (including the so-called waterstones) below, with
1137:
108:
89:
61:
738:, which is associated with gypsum, is exploited in south Germany at Dreuze, Pettoncourt, as well as in Vie in the
1152:
1067:
46:
68:
560:
In
Germany and adjacent parts of western and central Europe, the Keuper unit is divided into three groups:
593:; it is seldom more than 25 m thick (82 ft). The sandstones are used for building purposes at
75:
1142:
619:
beds. In the Alpine region, the presence of coral beds gives rise to the so-called
Lithodendron Kalk.
771:
57:
648:, hence called the Steinmergel; it is comparatively free from gypsum. To this division belong the
42:
35:
1071:
397:
644:
and dolomite—this is the gypskeuper in its restricted sense. The higher part of the series is
767:
661:
129:
124:
607:
366:
134:
770:. The underlying Keuper Sandstone is now the Helsby Sandstone Formation at the top of the
8:
1109:
1093:
932:
739:
454:
358:
150:
82:
839:
818:
A shore or scree breccia derived from local materials; it is well developed in the
537:
270:
819:
689:
574:
390:
374:
960:
951:
747:
498:
426:
412:
742:
region of France. A 4-metre (13 ft) coal is found on this horizon in the
1131:
1114:
980:
831:
827:
779:
751:
743:
422:
394:
319:
274:
986:
970:
867:
794:
565:
541:
998:
907:
549:
533:
408:
362:
253:
1123:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 766.
881:
677:
458:
415:
185:
171:
1088:
Ogg, James G.; Ogg, Gabi M.; Gradstein, Felix M. (2016). "Triassic".
992:
944:
886:
851:
727:
723:
649:
513:
446:
402:
386:
382:
335:
312:
284:
141:
24:
1023:
854:
and northwestward into
Northern Ireland and southernmost Scotland.
843:
823:
594:
494:
490:
478:
430:
243:
203:
193:
159:
1010:
1004:
975:
938:
875:
870:
803:
598:
529:
482:
474:
470:
305:
260:
230:
1019:
1015:
863:
755:
685:
657:
641:
505:
486:
450:
442:
370:
294:
220:
806:
and conglomerates at the base, 46–76 m (150–250 ft).
1108:
847:
750:, and another, 2 metres thick (7 ft), has been mined in
586:
525:
521:
517:
466:
462:
378:
343:
Major lithostratigraphic units of northwest Europe with the
930:
may be mentioned among the invertebrates. The fish include
735:
715:
645:
602:
590:
582:
509:
774:. Traditionally it contained the following subdivisions:
429:, a characteristic sequence of rock strata that gave the
1018:
also make their appearance at this time and the early
668:); the Schelfsandstein, used as a building-stone; the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1048:
421:The Keuper together with the Muschelkalk and the
1129:
573:The upper part of this division is often a grey
497:. The Keuper sequence is linked by name to the
1087:
1043:
601:. In Swabia and the Wesergebirge are several
485:; it appears flanking the central plateau of
714:The lower division consists mainly of grey
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
846:range; it reaches southward to the east
324:
120:
347:'s geologic timescale of the Triassic.
303:
1130:
838:The Keuper covers a large area in the
746:on the border between Germany and the
722:with white, grey and brightly colored
441:The Upper Triassic is well exposed in
1106:
1054:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1090:A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016
369:of large parts of west and central
13:
14:
1164:
954:represented by the footprints of
407:). The Keuper lies on top of the
16:Lithostratigraphic unit in Europe
761:
418:or other Early Jurassic strata.
23:
1070:, October 2010, webpage:
1027:is also known from the Keuper.
389:that were deposited during the
34:needs additional citations for
1092:. Elsevier. pp. 133–149.
1068:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
1060:
1037:
552:are probably of Rhaetian age.
1:
1081:
1044:Ogg, Ogg & Gradstein 2016
842:and around the flanks of the
508:, the lower portion contains
1148:Lithostratigraphy of Germany
411:and under the predominantly
7:
866:; the principal plants are
536:. The upper portion of the
512:-bearing strata, as in the
436:
10:
1169:
862:The Keuper is not rich in
857:
850:coast, northeastward into
555:
501:area of southern Germany.
192:
1138:Triassic System of Europe
1107:Howe, John Allen (1911).
1066:"Muschelkalk (geology)",
684:) with building-stone of
373:. The Keuper consists of
342:
317:
310:
280:
269:
264:
259:
252:
247:
242:
239:
212:
207:
202:
199:
183:
1030:
772:Sherwood Sandstone Group
465:on the east side of the
1120:Encyclopædia Britannica
405: million years ago
1153:Stratigraphy of Europe
903:Protocardium rhaeticum
768:Mercia Mudstone Group
928:Anoplophoria lettica
895:Pterophyllum jaegeri
608:Microlestes antiquus
427:Germanic Trias Group
361:unit (a sequence of
43:improve this article
1014:. The first fossil
964:(originally called
891:Equisetum arenaceum
889:with such forms as
923:Lingula tenuessima
812:Basal conglomerate
780:Rhaetic or Penarth
688:; and the Burgand
613:Triglyptzas Fraasi
461:; it extends from
359:lithostratigraphic
1143:Lithostratigraphy
1099:978-0-444-63771-0
958:and the bones of
914:Myophoria costata
351:
350:
338:
329:
322:
315:
308:
188:
181:
174:
167:
162:
153:
151:lithostratigraphy
145:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1160:
1124:
1112:
1103:
1075:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1041:
899:Avicula contorta
544:and part of the
538:Karoo Supergroup
406:
334:
325:
318:
311:
304:
196:
184:
177:
170:
165:
158:
148:
139:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1128:
1127:
1100:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1033:
952:Labyrinthodonts
860:
764:
690:Stubensandstein
660:in places; the
597:, Culmbach and
558:
481:and north-east
439:
401:
194:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1126:
1125:
1115:Chisholm, Hugh
1110:"Keuper"
1104:
1098:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1059:
1057:, p. 766.
1047:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1029:
961:Mastodonsaurus
859:
856:
836:
835:
815:
814:
808:
807:
799:
798:
790:
789:
784:
783:
763:
760:
748:Czech Republic
732:
731:
726:and dolomitic
720:schieferletten
711:
710:
694:
693:
637:
636:
621:
620:
579:Grenz dolomite
570:
569:
557:
554:
499:Keuper Uplands
473:, and through
438:
435:
413:Lower Jurassic
349:
348:
340:
339:
331:
330:
323:
316:
309:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
287:
282:
278:
277:
267:
266:
263:
257:
256:
250:
249:
246:
241:
237:
236:
233:
227:
226:
223:
217:
216:
210:
209:
206:
201:
198:
190:
189:
182:
175:
168:
163:
155:
154:
146:
137:
132:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
989:
988:
983:
982:
981:Hyperodapedon
977:
973:
972:
967:
966:Labyrinthodon
963:
962:
957:
956:Cheirotherium
953:
949:
947:
946:
941:
940:
935:
934:
929:
925:
924:
919:
915:
911:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:
878:
877:
872:
869:
865:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
833:
829:
828:Middlesbrough
825:
821:
817:
816:
813:
810:
809:
805:
801:
800:
797:
796:
792:
791:
786:
785:
782:
781:
777:
776:
775:
773:
769:
762:Great Britain
759:
757:
753:
752:Upper Silesia
749:
745:
744:Ore Mountains
741:
737:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
708:
704:
703:
702:, Unterkeuper
701:
696:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:
634:
630:
629:
628:
623:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:; the impure
580:
577:known as the
576:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
561:
553:
551:
547:
546:Otapiri stage
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
434:
432:
428:
424:
423:Buntsandstein
419:
417:
414:
410:
404:
399:
396:
395:Late Triassic
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
346:
341:
337:
333:
332:
328:
321:
320:Changhsingian
314:
307:
302:
298:
296:
293:
292:
288:
286:
283:
279:
276:
275:Buntsandstein
272:
268:
262:
258:
255:
251:
245:
238:
234:
232:
229:
228:
224:
222:
219:
218:
215:
211:
205:
197:
191:
187:
180:
176:
173:
169:
164:
161:
157:
156:
152:
147:
143:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1118:
1089:
1062:
1050:
1039:
1022:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
987:Palaeosaurus
985:
979:
974:. Among the
971:Capitosaurus
969:
965:
959:
955:
950:
943:
937:
931:
927:
921:
918:M. goldfassi
917:
913:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:) and a few
880:
874:
861:
837:
811:
795:Lower Keuper
793:
778:
765:
733:
706:
700:Kohlenkeuper
698:
697:
666:E. laxilesta
654:M. Raibliana
635:, the middle
632:
625:
624:
612:
606:
566:Upper Keuper
564:
559:
542:South Africa
503:
440:
420:
354:
352:
326:
299:251.2–251.9
289:247.2–251.2
265:242.0–247.2
248:237.0–242.0
235:227.0–237.0
225:208.5–227.0
213:
208:201.4–208.5
178:
105:
99:October 2010
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
999:Nothosaurus
908:Terebratula
868:cypresslike
709:, the lower
707:Lettenkohle
627:Hauptkeuper
550:New Zealand
534:Spitsbergen
489:and in the
409:Muschelkalk
363:rock strata
254:Muschelkalk
1132:Categories
1082:References
678:Semionotus
633:Gipskeuper
528:, eastern
459:Luxembourg
433:its name.
387:evaporites
383:claystones
367:subsurface
172:Hettangian
140:Age (
69:newspapers
1055:Howe 1911
993:Zanclodon
945:Lepidotus
933:Ceratodus
887:calamites
852:Yorkshire
754:, now in
728:limestone
724:sandstone
682:S. Bergen
674:Berg-gyps
650:Myophoria
514:Himalayas
504:In south
447:Franconia
425:form the
365:) in the
336:Zechstein
313:Lopingian
285:Olenekian
149:European
1024:Triamyxa
976:reptiles
910:gregaria
871:conifers
840:Midlands
824:Cheshire
804:breccias
788:fossils.
740:Lorraine
670:Lehrherg
662:Estheria
617:Kossenei
595:Bayreuth
575:dolomite
495:Sardinia
491:Pyrenees
479:Scotland
455:Lorraine
437:Exposure
431:Triassic
375:dolomite
244:Ladinian
204:Rhaetian
195:Triassic
160:Jurassic
58:"Keuper"
1117:(ed.).
1016:mammals
1011:Belodon
1005:Henodus
939:Hybodus
882:Voltzia
876:Walchia
864:fossils
858:Fossils
844:Pennine
656:) with
599:Bamberg
556:Germany
532:and in
530:Siberia
483:Ireland
475:England
471:Hanover
400:(about
306:Permian
261:Anisian
240:Middle
231:Carnian
179:younger
83:scholar
1096:
1020:beetle
968:) and
926:, and
832:Antrim
820:Mendip
756:Poland
686:Coburg
680:beds (
676:beds;
664:beds (
658:galena
652:beds (
642:gypsum
587:shales
506:Sweden
487:France
451:Alsace
443:Swabia
398:epochs
391:Middle
379:shales
371:Europe
355:Keuper
295:Induan
281:Lower
271:Bunter
221:Norian
214:Keuper
200:Upper
130:Series
125:System
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1113:. In
1072:EB-39
1031:Notes
848:Devon
716:clays
646:sandy
591:marls
526:Burma
522:Tibet
518:Japan
477:into
469:into
467:Rhine
463:Basel
357:is a
327:older
166:Lower
135:Stage
90:JSTOR
76:books
1094:ISBN
1008:and
978:are
942:and
893:and
830:and
736:salt
734:The
718:and
672:and
611:and
603:bone
589:and
583:coal
510:coal
493:and
457:and
453:and
416:Lias
393:and
385:and
353:The
186:Lias
62:news
705:or
631:or
548:of
540:of
403:220
381:or
345:ICS
273:or
45:by
1134::
1002:,
996:,
990:,
984:,
948:.
936:,
920:,
916:,
912:,
905:,
901:,
897:.
879:,
826:,
758:.
524:,
520:,
516:,
449:,
445:,
377:,
142:Ma
1102:.
1074:.
873:(
834:.
730:.
692:.
144:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
