88:
63:
44:
441:
are very large, sometimes reaching a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) and a diameter of 4 centimetres (1.6 in). They completely obscure the short branches of the stony skeleton on which they occur. During the day the polyps appear fleshy, but during the night they expand further and each
432:
are phaceloid, that is they have a tubular form growing from a common base, in series of one to three, or occasionally up to five. The individual corallites are large, being 25 to 45 mm (1.0 to 1.8 in) in diameter and up to 6 mm (0.2 in) high. There are four cycles of
469:
occurs in the
Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas, and on reefs and banks off the coast of Texas and southern Florida. It is found in water between 3 and 60 metres (10 and 197 ft) deep but most often between 10 and 30 metres (33 and 98 ft).
489:
are so powerful that no other
Caribbean corals can successfully attack it. It leans away from the current as it grows and reacts adversely to increased sedimentation.
485:-building species and is aggressive, attacking other fast-growing corals that start to grow close by and threaten to overgrow it or shade it. Its
1051:
841:
1154:
1077:
893:
446:. The colour of the polyps is variable, being grey or pale brown with green, pink and purple shades. The tissues of this coral contain
501:
lists it as being near threatened. It is however probably declining because of the degradation of coral reefs by mechanical damage,
1025:
815:
1064:
854:
906:
1069:
859:
498:
1164:
696:
743:
1126:
1082:
971:
898:
591:
513:
and the coral diseases that affect stressed corals. Off the coasts of the United States it is present in various
17:
237:
612:
437:
in each corallite, nearly equal in size; they are narrow and curved, with wide spacing. The individual
1131:
976:
579:
712:
428:
species and the whole clump forms a low dome that may reach 50 centimetres (20 in) across. The
885:
87:
950:
937:
688:
681:
846:
770:
643:"Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Mussidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)"
1108:
1056:
1103:
932:
189:
1118:
1095:
924:
872:
1012:
802:
640:
8:
807:
506:
52:
458:
and absorb energy from the sun to create organic compounds which are used by the coral.
538:
211:
82:
1159:
1090:
919:
692:
659:
642:
654:
425:
377:
510:
438:
384:
67:
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1003:
793:
502:
455:
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410:
1017:
1148:
867:
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451:
402:
248:
72:
373:
139:
129:
641:
Budd, Ann F.; Fukami, Hironobu; Smith, Nathan D.; Knowlton, Nancy (2012).
1038:
945:
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833:
1043:
486:
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429:
99:
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997:
787:
443:
380:
149:
119:
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and other conservation areas, in both of which it is protected.
406:
43:
911:
109:
958:
532:
530:
369:
482:
527:
497:
There are no specific threats facing this coral and the
683:Marine Invertebrates and Plants of the Living Reef
680:
1146:
401:. It is found on reefs in shallow waters in the
738:
736:
733:
536:
387:, being represented by the single species
61:
42:
658:
647:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
621:Neogene Marine Biota of Tropical America
674:
672:
670:
574:
572:
570:
14:
1147:
1155:IUCN Red List near threatened species
769:
768:
678:
351:(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860)
667:
567:
634:
548:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
499:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
275:Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860
267:Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860
259:Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860
24:
25:
1176:
750:. NatureServe Explorer. July 2012
660:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00855.x
592:World Register of Marine Species
86:
687:. T.F.H. Publications. p.
461:
705:
605:
416:
13:
1:
520:
442:is fringed by a rim of short
343:(Ellis & Solander, 1786)
335:(Ellis & Solander, 1786)
291:(Ellis & Solander, 1786)
7:
450:single-celled algae called
315:Ellis & Solander, 1786
307:Ellis & Solander, 1786
10:
1181:
679:Colin, Patrick L. (1978).
473:
299:Pallas, 1766 · unaccepted
987:
777:
492:
217:
210:
195:
188:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
1165:Corals described in 1766
393:, commonly known as the
509:. It is susceptible to
264:Lithophyllia cylindrica
1104:Paleobiology Database
933:Paleobiology Database
555:: e.T133457A165900464
256:Lithophyllia argemone
226:Caryophyllia angulosa
312:Madrepora fastigiata
280:Lobophyllia angulosa
537:Vermeij, M (2022).
507:ocean acidification
288:Lobophyllia carduus
53:Conservation status
399:large flower coral
296:Madrepora angulosa
272:Lithophyllia dubia
1142:
1141:
1091:Open Tree of Life
920:Open Tree of Life
771:Taxon identifiers
361:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
316:
308:
304:Madrepora carduus
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
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241:
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170:
76:
16:(Redirected from
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1135:
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340:Mussa fastigiata
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201:
181:M. angulosa
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32:
31:
27:Species of coral
21:
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511:coral bleaching
495:
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357:
321:
320:Mussa angulosa
283:(Pallas, 1766)
229:(Pallas, 1766)
220:
206:
203:
197:
184:
164:
85:
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68:Near Threatened
66:
62:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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808:Mussa angulosa
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779:Mussa angulosa
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761:
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748:(Pallas 1766)"
746:Mussa angulosa
732:
717:(Pallas 1766)"
715:Mussa angulosa
704:
697:
666:
653:(3): 465–529.
633:
604:
566:
541:Mussa angulosa
525:
524:
522:
519:
503:climate change
494:
491:
479:Mussa angulosa
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472:
467:Mussa angulosa
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456:photosynthetic
422:Mussa angulosa
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411:Gulf of Mexico
390:Mussa angulosa
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348:Scolymia dubia
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36:Mussa angulosa
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452:zooxanthellae
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403:Caribbean Sea
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332:Mussa carduus
330:
327:(Pallas, 176
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190:Binomial name
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752:. Retrieved
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724:. Retrieved
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625:. Retrieved
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557:. Retrieved
552:
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515:marine parks
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462:Distribution
454:. These are
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245:Lithodendrum
244:
234:Lithodendron
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140:Scleractinia
130:Hexacorallia
35:
29:
18:Lithodendron
1039:iNaturalist
946:SeaLifeBase
881:NatureServe
829:iNaturalist
559:31 December
417:Description
374:stony coral
1149:Categories
754:2012-10-19
726:2012-10-19
721:Coralpedia
627:2013-02-25
617:Oken 1815"
521:References
487:cnidocytes
430:corallites
238:Schweigger
448:symbiotic
444:tentacles
385:monotypic
175:Species:
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
1160:Mussinae
1004:Q3868676
998:Wikidata
959:Species+
886:2.114449
847:11329096
794:Q3323581
788:Wikidata
597:7 August
426:colonial
409:and the
383:. It is
381:Faviidae
324:angulosa
212:Synonyms
150:Faviidae
146:Family:
120:Cnidaria
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
1057:1276447
1031:2260355
821:2260356
474:Biology
407:Bahamas
376:in the
251:, 1846
249:Agassiz
240:, 1819
156:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
1132:206306
1119:253223
1116:uBio:
1096:675585
1083:214981
977:216135
938:138021
925:675586
912:216135
899:214982
873:133457
834:106246
695:
623:. 2004
493:Status
439:polyps
405:, the
378:family
169:, 1815
1127:WoRMS
1070:53473
1052:IRMNG
1044:90063
1018:Mussa
989:Mussa
972:WoRMS
951:45784
860:53474
842:IRMNG
615:Mussa
588:WoRMS
582:Mussa
481:is a
435:septa
424:is a
395:spiny
370:genus
368:is a
365:Mussa
161:Mussa
1109:6632
1078:NCBI
1065:ITIS
1026:GBIF
964:5856
907:OBIS
894:NCBI
868:IUCN
855:ITIS
816:GBIF
693:ISBN
599:2022
561:2022
553:2022
505:and
483:reef
167:Oken
1013:ADW
803:ADW
655:doi
651:166
397:or
372:of
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322:f.
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75:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
