903:, a "centre-Left" anti-Sanacja political opposition movement, were tried. In 1937, Bartel was appointed Senator of Poland by the President to replace the deceased Emil Bobrowski, and served until the outbreak of World War II. In the autumn of 1938, he was one of the signatories of a document addressed to President Mościcki, which called for the inclusion of representatives of the opposition to the government in connection with the threat of the country's independence. The document also postulated amnesty for politicians of the opposition, who were forced into exile or were imprisoned after the Brest trials. Bartel handed over a memorandum to Mościcki, however, Mościcki did not respond to the proposals. In February 1939 Bartel delivered a speech in the Senate, which has gained wide publicity in the country. In it, he sharply criticized the situation in universities and colleges around Poland; mentioned the widespread
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supporter among the members of the party, although this change was only formal – Bartel was already responsible for leading the ongoing work of the
Council of Ministers, even if he was not the Head of Cabinet. Piłsudski's decision greatly dissatisfied the senators of parliament, who would simply demonstrate their anger by not participating in the sessions and sittings of the Sejm. Some politicians dared to even throw rotten food at the ministers that were leaving the voting chamber. The situation worsened in the upcoming months and some ministers raised concerns about their safety, as some demonstrators, often made up of ordinary citizens working on the behalf of the party, tended to physically abuse officials travelling from their homes to the newly constructed government building located on Wiejska Street in
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previous governments generally considered themselves as autonomous rulers, which influenced the private interests of the members of different parties in charge. The government of
Kazimierz Bartel was never focused or concentrated on any political ties and friendships. The officials of the Prime Minister were to validate the efficiency of each ministry. Each minister was responsible for the operation of his office and ministers could not engage in any political activities. Before his speech in the parliament on any topic, he had to submit the text to the Prime Minister himself for approval. Bartel demanded such procedures from every minister and senator of his cabinet and personally prepared the agenda for each meeting of the government and disallowed to discuss any topic without his permission or consent."
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constantly in pain. One member of the parliament stated, "He was a cheerful and ambitious man, but always in pain. Even his opponents in the Sejm admitted that in personal relationships, it is extremely hard not to be in favour of a man like Bartel. As prime minister, he tried to aid every man possible, even the men and women that opposed his policies and the government, but he was not able to help himself, which led to his early decline in politics and diplomacy of the Polish
Republic. He was of weak stature and of weak health and would hardly make a good impression on the public, especially the socialists or communists in the east and therefore, this would not make him an influential Prime Minister nor a diplomat supporting democracy."
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to be published first in German by B. G. Teubner, who would provide
Ksiaznica-Atlas the negatives for the Polish edition. However, war delayed the printing and ultimately caused the destruction of all materials. In the 1950s, the second book was reconstructed in the 1950s by Professor F. Otto of the University of Gdansk using the surviving manuscript and the printer's proofs which Teubner had sent for Bartel's approval. It dealt with analyzing pictures geometrically, artistic reconstruction of geometry exhibited in pictures, and tracing art history using tenets of his theory of perspective. A uniform series was released by Polskie Wydawnictwo Naukowe, the second book in 1958 and the first volume in 1960.
888:: in the years 1930-1932 he was president of the Polish Mathematical Society. During this time he published his most important works, including a series of lectures on the perspective of European painting. It was the first such publication in the world. During his work at the Technical University of Lwów, he expressed strong opposition to plans focused on introducing the so-called "ghetto benches" for students of Jewish origin and ethnicity to separate them from Polish and Christian peers. His opinions, as well as other actions against anti-Semitic students, made Bartel the subject of numerous attacks including throwing eggs and rotten food at the professor or bringing a pig with the sign "Bartel" by
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Kazimierz Młodzianowski. The party accused them of carrying out political purges in the state administration. Eventually, the vote was passed by the government, which forced Bartel and his cabinet to resign, but
Marshal Piłsudski ordered President Mościcki to appoint Bartel as prime minister. Once more, that was not in violation of the Constitution, but the anti-parliamentarian speakers and the socialist politicians, confused with the frequent changes in the administration and the government, threatened the Sejm and even suggested a rebellion or another coup. The conflict made Bartel's third new cabinet last only four days.
982:, had plans to co-operate with Bartel and appoint him an ambassador. Sikorski recognized him as one of the few people from the former political circles who would agree to cooperate on the terms and conditions of the British government. On 19 June 1941 Bartel's candidacy was officially reported by Sikorski during a meeting of the Council of Ministers. The decision was motivated by the political loyalty of the former prime minister, as well as his successful efforts to preserve the Polish character of the Lwów Polytechnic under Soviet occupation. Sikorski, however, failed to find Bartel in the Soviet Union, and
943:. There are some conflicting reports about whether during his stay in Moscow, the Soviets offered him political cooperation. According to some of his closest friends, Stalin issued a proposal for the creation of a new Polish government, but Bartel rejected it. As he wrote to his wife on 16 July 1941: "By listening to private conversations of the officers, I conclude that my position as Prime Minister may be resurrected, but what great duty this will be to control a split, communist country. In Moscow with
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a conversation with them his commitment towards the parliamentary system but also pointed out a more concerning issue:the economic development of the country. At a private meeting with senators, he highlighted his determination and involvement in fighting against bureaucracy, the introduction of an apolitical army and the elimination of the
Ministry of Public Works. He vividly stated that before the May Coupn there was no democracy and that Poland was ruled by an
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613:. Bartel's first government was one of the most active in the history of Poland; the politicians and members of parliament gathered every second day and on occasions everyday to discuss political matters. On 4 June 1926, Ignacy Mościcki was elected the president of the Second Polish Republic, and Bartel resigned along with the entire cabinet, but soon after being appointed, President Mościcki designated him again to become prime minister.
719:, but to his surprise, Mościcki refused to sign the document allowing the dissolution. Instead, he ordered Bartel to terminate his employment. Bartel was once again forced to resign, but this time his cabinet would stay intact and his place would be taken by the marshal himself. The former prime minister was very bitter about this turn of events, despite the fact he went along with Piłsudski's and Rataj's plans. In its course, the
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attention towards his cabinet, focusing primarily on military and foreign policies. It was
Kazimierz Bartel that was to replace the Marshal and take over his duties if absent and become the Speaker of the Sejm. He often spoke, as a representative of the government, on matters related to the budget and finances. These topics were possibly the main subject of a dispute between the "Piłsudskites" and the parliamentary opposition.
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habilitation thesis "O płaskich utworach inwolucji stopnia czwartego szeregu zerowego" (On planar products of involution of the fourth series of the zero degree) in 1912, then received the title of associate professor. Bartel became the chair of descriptive geometry after the retirement of
Mieczysław Łazarski in 1911 due to blindness. Bartel attained the title of professor of mathematics at the Lwów Polytechnic in 1917.
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711:, the council was holding a meeting in the study room, during which it was decided to dissolve the third government. Therefore, Bartel received the document on this subject, which for its validity required President Mościcki's signature. Meanwhile, the Senate immediately demanded that the parliament passes the budget cut policy proposed by the Upper House. Bartel told the Speaker of the Sejm
801:, a stubborn and self-centred man considered to be the cause of relentless struggle with the parliamentary opposition. The following months were marked by disputes between the newly formed government and the Sejm. Bartel's new cabinet began operating on 5 November 1929, however, its first sitting occurred in December on the orders of President Mościcki. After this, the Parliament adopted a
540:(parliament) and held that position until 1929. Initially, he was a member of the party PSL "Liberation", but he was not satisfied with the radicalization of the group. In March 1925 at the Congress of the Polish People's Party, he decided to adopt, among others, a reform without compensation. Bartel eventually left the party and the organisation in April 1925, along with
935:, where he took part in an All-Committee meeting of Universities of the Soviet Union. Conversations and topics mentioned mostly related scientific issues, and Bartel signed a contract with a publishing house to write a textbook of Science and Geometry for the schools of the Soviet Union. He also visited the scientific and cultural institutions like the
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also stated that "being a member of parliament is a profession. It does not require the members to acquire any skills and create new damaging campaigns, only to obey the ruling party. A man focused only on work and career often becomes a man in conflict with others, which entails long political consequences." Bartel believed that the
681:. Bartel's cabinet announced that it is against such inhumane procedures and actions, and in 1927 the Prime Minister gave permission to adopt a law officially recognizing and granting rights to the Jewish communities. Bartel was also against enforcing certain laws to the nature of the economic sanctions imposed on the Jews.
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Knowing the importance that Bartel gave to his work on perspective, his wife saved his manuscript after his death by begging from the Nazi officials. Bartel's library of books were either shipped with some pieces of furniture to
Germany or burned with his personal papers. His second book was supposed
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composed of Jewish prisoners unearthed the bodies of the murdered Polish professors that were filed in a mass grave. It was carried out to remove the traces of the murder in connection with the approaching Soviet troops. On 9 October 1943, the corpses were piled. The prisoners were forced to take any
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On 8 June 1926, three days after the Mościcki's designation, Bartel formed his second cabinet. On the same day, Józef Piłsudski sent a letter to the head office in which he outlined the conditions of re-entry to the parliament. After his second election, Bartel primarily focused on the restoration of
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On 2 August 1926, the
Parliament adopted an amendment to the Constitution (the so-called "August Novella"), significantly strengthening the role of the president. On 20 September 1926 the Christian Democratic Party raised a vote against two ministers in the government of Bartel: Antoni Sujkowski and
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without the vote of the government and the parliament. On 9 June 1926, the decree was officially restored, however, another decree was adopted, which increased the power of the president or head of state over the ministry. Bartel met with representatives of the parliamentary clubs and highlighted in
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In 1921, Bartel spent six months travelling to museums and galleries in France, Italy, Switzerland and Austria to research on art. Most of his holidays were spent likewise because of his interest stemming from Dochlemann's lectures. He accumulated a good personal archive of notes and photographs for
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d'état in 1926, he became prime minister and held this post during three broken tenures: 1926, 1928–29, 1929–1930. Bartel was the Deputy Prime Minister between 1926–1928 and Minister of Religious Beliefs and Public Enlightenment, when Piłsudski himself assumed the premiership, however, Bartel was in
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to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in London dating from 26 September 1940: "It's believed that Moscow professor Bartel has intention to create the Red Government of Poland." This information, however, was never proved to be true. Meanwhile, Maria Bartlowa, the wife of former prime minister, stated
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from the state budget for the BBWR campaign between 1927 and 1928, on 12 February 1929 the members of an anti-Sanacja movement have requested to place both Czechowicz and Bartel before the State Tribunal (Court). In protest against this decision, Kazimierz Bartel informed the press of his intention
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The supporters of Bartel and his government emphasized his efficiency when they managed the state. His opponents, however, saw it as a tool to limit the role of the Polish Parliament and accused him of deliberate dictatorship and control over the ministers in his "private parliament sittings" - the
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He returned to the Polytechnic and earned his doctor of technical sciences in 1909. His dissertation "O utworach szeregów i pęków inwolucyjnych" (Compositions series and involution pencils) allowed him to become one of the first title holders of such doctoral within Austria-Hungary. Bartel gave his
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entered Lwów. Bartel was arrested on 2 July at a meeting with co-workers at the University. Thirty-six other colleagues in the faculty were arrested the next night. Bartel was taken initially to a Gestapo prison on Pelczyńska Street. There, as mentioned by inmate Antoni Stefanowicz, he was treated
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On 12 March Bartel gave a speech in the Senate sharply attacking the senators, which were "not able to fulfill the tasks set in order to control the state and the country and that their stubbornness and pride in themselves was an astonishing blow to both the economy and the policies of Poland." He
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and its senators. On 10 January he appeared at a meeting with members of parliament, declaring his willingness to cooperate with the senators and the Sejm, saying "I come with good will and determination gentlemen!" Bartel initially managed to establish cooperation with the Sejm, which resulted in
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in the Mechanical Engineering Department. He graduated summa cum laude in 1907 and soon started working for his alma mater as an assistant in descriptive geometry to Placyd Zdzisław Dziwinski. From 1908 to 1909, he also studied mathematics and philosophy at the Franciscan University in Lviv and at
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The year 1928 also marked the release of his first book "Perspektywa Malarska". It dealt with the basic theory of perspective and its extension to architecture and art. It was published by Ksiaznica-Atlas, a publisher in Lwów who provided the negatives for the German translation published by B.G.
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In 1930 upon giving up politics, he returned to the university as professor of mathematics. In 1930 he became rector of the Lwów Polytechnic and was soon awarded an honorary doctorate and membership in the Polish Mathematical Association. In 1937 he was appointed a Senator of Poland and held this
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Street, where he was treated poorly. The guards called him a Commie-Jew, as reported by Stefanowicz, and the Nazi officials ordered Bartel to clean the boots of a Ukrainian Hilfsgestapo soldier. Stefanowicz reported that Bartel was mentally devastated and could not understand the essence of the
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Following his resignation, Bartel was to become the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment in Piłsudski's own, private council that operated in case of any unexpected conflict with the current operating government. The Marshal did not devote much
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Bartel's new government consisted mostly of people not connected with any political parties (four of those politicians already were occupied ministerial positions). Bartel was described as ideologically centrist: Prime Minister's newly established office was occupied by both the right-wing and
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as the prime minister of the Second Polish Republic, but Bartel later stated in his inauguration speech that he would be the head of government only until the election of a new president. His decision was possibly influenced by the fact that he suffered from kidney and stomach problems and was
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Bartel's government contributed to a marked improvement in administration, which was primarily caused by the Prime Minister's organizational skills and knowledge. He created an efficient system of government action in connection with the Sejm and officials of lower rank: "The ministers of the
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As soon as the new government was formed without Kazimierz Bartel as its head, Józef Piłsudski, temporarily serving as Prime Minister of the country, resigned. He decided, however, that his position will be taken over by Kazimierz Bartel, considered his most trusted and most loyal friend and
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to the constitutional order. He also called for peace, hard work and dedication to the Polish nation. At the same time, he promised the immediate removal of incompetent and corrupt politicians from any high posts that could negatively influence the future economic growth of the Second Polish
643:(Bartel's Parliament). Bartel was appointed prime minister when Marshal Piłsudski undertook an attempt to communicate with the rebellious senators and members of the Sejm. Bartel himself was considered to be representative of the liberal tendencies in the party and a spokesman of the
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the stabilization of the entire situation and conflict. Later, however, the relations between the cabinet and the parliament deteriorated again. The apogee of another dispute was a request for the adoption of no-confidence motion against the Minister of Labour and Social Welfare
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On 29 December 1929, Bartel was chosen for the third time to be prime minister and formed his fifth government and cabinet, however, he performed his duties with large uncertainties, mainly due to poor health. He had kidney illness and had a ureterolithotomy with help from
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towards one member of the Senate was the lack of support of the entire government. On 15 March 1930, he decided to leave the office and his resignation was accepted by the president the next day. Soon, he also resigned from his parliamentary seat and left politics.
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properly. The former prime minister was allowed to receive, send letters and mathematical books and papers to his wife, and bring food from home. At the time, Bartel was not questioned, because there were some issues regarding the accusations made by the
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personal belongings and clothes, including documents of Kazimierz Bartel and Professor Tadeusz Ostrowski. Later the pile of corpses was set on fire and in the following days the Sonderkommando scattered the ashes on the surrounding fields.
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to resign. He also stated that in his opinion the Czechowicz affair was caused by the Parliament and its senators rather than by the doings of one politician. On 13 April 1929 Bartel ordered his government to resign. He was replaced by
597:, which supported the May Coup. On 16 May 1926, Prime Minister Bartel made a statement in which he highlighted the principles of his policies. Bartel stated that the cabinet took power in accordance with the law, without any
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movement, declared Bartel's candidacy. However Piłsudski's plan to place Bartel in charge of the Sejm and nominate him as Marshal Speaker failed, because the senators and members of parliament decided to choose
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According to some sources, the Nazi officials proposed the establishment of a Polish puppet government dependent on the Reich. Such information was given by General Sikorski during a press conference in
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After the beginning of the so-called "Czechowicz affair" in which the opposition discovered that the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gabriel Czechowicz, a strong admirer of Piłsudski, passed 8 million
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or at least a weapon that they could defend themselves with, however, the use of weapons may have strengthened the unity of the opposition and of the demonstrators that could use this as an act of
884:(Polytechnic). In the same year he was elected rector of the university and held that office in the academic year of 1930/1931. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate and membership of the
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warned that, in contrast to the previous government, he will not be "competing" with the ministers and if necessary he will use force if the members would not agree to his radical policies.
447:. His railwayman father arranged Bartel to be an apprentice to fitter who taught in craft school. This allowed Bartel to continue his formal education while working as an apprentice.
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and occupation of eastern Poland, he was allowed to continue lecturing at the Technical Institute. In 1940 he was summoned to Moscow and offered a seat in the Soviet parliament.
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appointing him the Minister of the Railway system of the Republic of Poland. Bartel met other significant and influential politicians and diplomats, most notably Prime Minister
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715:, that in such a situation he will personally take the decree to Mościcki and ask for his signature. After the Sejm passed the budget cut policy, Bartel arrived at Mościcki's
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966:) believed that Bartel negotiated in early 1941 with the Soviet authorities about the establishment of a new nation that together with the Soviet Union was to declare war on
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In 1966, on the 25th anniversary of the execution of Lwów professors, a plaque with the names of the victims of Nazism was placed on the church of St. Francis of Assisi in
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that her husband was talking only with the Soviets on the release of his new lecture book. It is also widely believed that Kazimierz Bartel never met Stalin in person.
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927:, during the defence of Lwów just before the attack of the German troops, Kazimierz Bartel served as the head of the Civic Committee. When Lwów became occupied by the
498:. Since May 1919 he served as the manager of the Armoured Trains Construction Management and Association. His numerous successes in this field led to Prime Minister
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834:, a urologist he befriended during their conscription in the army. He also suffered from depression and anxiety probably due to the constant disputes with the
931:, he was allowed to continue his lectures at the Technical University. In July 1940 he was, along with several other politicians and professors, summoned to
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as the Marshal of the Sejm instead. In protest, following the results of the vote, the members and supporters of the parliamentary BBWR party left the room.
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and offered the top post in a Polish puppet government. His ultimate refusal of the German terms was taken as an act of treason by the Germans. By order of
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After the elections in March 1928, Piłsudski decided that Kazimierz Bartel should be appointed to the position of Speaker of the Sejm. On 27 March the "
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fact "de facto" prime minister during this period as Piłsudski did not concern himself with the day-to-day functions of the cabinet and the government.
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of 1926, Bartel received an order from Marshal Piłsudski to prepare for a takeover as prime minister after the expected collapse of President
1032:. Being barred from her daily delivery of food to her husband on Saturday, June 26, Bartel's wife learned of his death the following Monday.
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Republic. Bartel's closest personal advisor in politics and diplomacy was Marshal Józef Piłsudski, who was in favour of the new minister.
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the decree based on the organization of the highest military authorities from 7 January 1921, which enables the free management of the
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left-wing leaders. Bartel himself took over the Ministry in turn and Piłsudski the Minister of War. Such a system churned mainly the
459:. The travel grant to Munich allowed him to attend the lectures on art history by Karl Dochlemann and mathematics by Aurel Voss and
739:" (BBWR), an ostensibly non-political organization that existed from 1928 to 1935, closely affiliated with Józef Piłsudski and his
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and the Jewish minority around the country. He was determined to eliminate the remnants of regulations dating back to the times of
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and later founded the parliamentary "Labour Club". This organization quickly came under the direct influence of commander-in-chief
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443:) as the son of Michał Bartel and Amalia Chadaczek. Growing up in a working-class family, he graduated from elementary school in
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of 1920, Bartel was nominated as a lieutenant colonel and was left in charge of the railway reserve officers and the Lwów
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1511:(Russian) Нюрнбергский процесс. Преступления против человечности (том 5) Москва "Юридическая литература" 1991
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entered Lwów and began persecuting the local intelligentsia. Bartel was imprisoned two days later by the
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Bartel was appointed Minister of Railways between 1919 and 1920, in 1922–1930 he was a member of Poland's
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1418:"The beginnings of urology in Kraków: On the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Clinic of Urology"
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in November 1941 (on the way to Moscow). According to his version, Bartel refused and on the orders of
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The Fantastic Laboratory of Dr. Weigl: How Two Brave Scientists Battled Typhus and Sabotaged the Nazis
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One of the editions of "Paris' Historical Notebooks" described the content of the letter sent to the
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should become a candidate for the post of head of state (president), who was also a professor at the
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three times between 1926 and 1930 and the Senator of Poland from 1937 until the outbreak of
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Dobrowolski, Z.F.; Swolkien, J.; Dobrowolska, B.; Lipczynski, W.; Jaszczynski, J. (2002).
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The growth of mathematical culture in the Lvov area in the autonomy period (1870–1920)
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movement. Otherwise the post of the head of government (Prime Minister) was taken by
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against Świtalski's Cabinet. Kazimierz Bartel became the prime minister once again.
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After completing secondary school in 1901, Bartel studied mechanics at the
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Mathematician for All Seasons: Recollections and Notes Vol. 1 (1887–1945)
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and President Wojciechowski after the May Coup, Bartel was appointed by
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in 1918 he returned to Lwów, which became part of the newly-established
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and influential leaders of wealthy privately-owned clubs and parties.
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there; and the failed organization of studies, subjects and courses.
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was executed on the 26 July 1941 at dawn. He was shot probably near
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1396:"Kazimierz Bartel –premier od łagodzenia napięć - Opinie - rp.pl"
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cross, a Polish distinction for valor, after the armed conflict.
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Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
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1519:(part related to murder of Kazimierz Bartel and his colleagues)
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According to one account, during the night of October 1943 the
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On 15 May 1926, after the resignation of the government led by
1105:"Kazimierz Bartel » Witryna edukacyjna Kancelarii Senatu"
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Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930)
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Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1922–1927)
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835:
667:
536:
373:
978:
The Prime Minister-in-exile stationing in London, General
875:
726:
415:, Bartel was murdered on 26 July 1941, shortly after the
2211:
Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" politicians
843:. That was done primarily through the initiative of the
880:
After retiring from political life, he returned to the
427:
Kazimierz Władysław Bartel was born on 3 March 1882 in
2301:
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
2201:
Politicians from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
1287:
Biographical entry of Mieczysław Łazarski (in Polish)
616:
2196:
Scientists from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
785:
against the common people and a violation of social
759:
737:
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government
2326:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
847:headed by Ignacy Daszyński and his supporters like
817:Bartel's fifth cabinet, December 1929. In center:
808:
2251:People of the Polish May Coup (pro-Piłsudski side)
2246:Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1938–1939)
2241:Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1935–1938)
1474:
1472:
662:Bartel also tried to improve the situation of the
529:
1341:
1339:
534:In 1922, Bartel was elected a member of Poland's
2172:
1254:Kazimierz Bartel (1882–1941) by J. B. Deregowski
1068:(1932) for outstanding achievements, the French
872:was appointed the new prime minister of Poland.
1469:
1007:. On 21 July, however, he was transferred to a
1365:
1363:
1336:
1212:"Bartel Kazimierz - Ludzie - Wirtualny Sztetl"
1099:
1097:
2221:Prime ministers of the Second Polish Republic
1651:
1637:
564:First term in office, first government (1926)
1509:Nürnberg. Crimes against humanity (Volume 5)
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1360:
1094:
2291:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
1644:
1630:
895:In 1932, he testified as a witness in the
859:until his death in 1935 at the age of 99.
474:during World War I, after the collapse of
350:; 3 March 1882 – 26 July 1941) was a
31:
2331:Polish recipients of the Legion of Honour
2271:Members of the Polish Academy of Learning
1317:
1315:
1230:
1183:
1064:He was decorated with, among others, the
422:
60:29 December 1929 – 17 March 1930
1480:"Kazimierz Bartel - premier i męczennik"
1390:
1388:
914:
812:
683:
583:
150:15 May 1926 – 30 September 1926
2306:Polish civilians killed in World War II
2296:Recipients of the Cross of Independence
1258:
876:Post-candidacy and return to university
771:President of the Second Polish Republic
2336:Polish people executed by Nazi Germany
2266:Members of the Lwów Scientific Society
2173:
1371:"Polski premier, którego kusił Hitler"
1312:
727:Collaboration with Piłsudski's Council
457:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1625:
1385:
1156:
1129:
1059:
588:Prime Minister Kazimierz Bartel, 1928
339:
105:27 June 1928 – 14 April 1929
1323:"Kazimierz Bartel - słownik postaci"
1184:Steinhaus, Hugo (28 December 2015).
341:[kaˈʑimjɛʂfwaˈdɨswavˈbartɛl]
1347:"Kazimierz Bartel - Szkolnictwo.pl"
1133:Shattered Faith: A Holocaust Legacy
996:German invasion of the Soviet Union
989:
941:Institute of Architecture in Moscow
13:
2341:Politicians killed in World War II
2286:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
986:was appointed ambassador instead.
960:German Ministry of Foreign Affairs
617:Second and third government (1926)
399:On 30 June 1941, in the course of
14:
2352:
1497:
955:about Poland's supposed future."
855:who was the oldest member of the
760:Second term in office (1928–1929)
1434:10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.02694.x
1136:. University Press of Kentucky.
994:On 30 June 1941, soon after the
809:Third term in office (1929–1930)
318:
228:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
1448:
1409:
1291:
910:
530:Political and diplomatic career
18:Polish politician and scientist
2226:Government ministers of Poland
1280:
1269:
1204:
1177:
1163:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1157:Allen, Arthur (21 July 2014).
1150:
1130:Wells, Leon Weliczker (1995).
1123:
1050:
1:
1697:Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)
1087:
576:and the acting head of state
2321:Deaths by firearm in Ukraine
1299:"Kazimierz Władysław Bartel"
1080:and the Silver Cross of the
882:Technical University of Lwów
542:Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski
7:
1030:Massacre of Lwów professors
892:to the university grounds.
482:. In 1919, as commander of
417:Massacre of Lwów professors
10:
2357:
1890:Polish government-in-exile
886:Polish Academy of Sciences
376:. After Józef Piłsudski's
333:Kazimierz Władysław Bartel
211:Kazimierz Władysław Bartel
2158:
2053:
1978:
1888:
1733:
1695:
1659:
1653:Prime ministers of Poland
1610:
1601:
1593:
1583:
1574:
1566:
1556:
1547:
1539:
1534:
345:
326:
314:
285:
277:
267:
257:
237:
206:
201:
197:
185:
173:
154:
143:
131:
119:
109:
98:
86:
74:
64:
53:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2316:Executed prime ministers
2281:Lviv Polytechnic rectors
2206:Polish Austro-Hungarians
1980:Polish People's Republic
1604:Prime Minister of Poland
1577:Prime Minister of Poland
1550:Prime Minister of Poland
1066:Order of the White Eagle
494:and commander-in-chief,
363:Prime Minister of Poland
48:Prime Minister of Poland
2276:Lviv Polytechnic alumni
951:'s speech addressed to
865:motion of no confidence
803:motion of no confidence
703:On 30 September at the
558:Stanisław Wojciechowski
1028:in the context of the
920:
845:Polish Socialist Party
826:
750:Polish Socialist Party
696:
605:Bartel suggested that
595:Polish Socialist Party
589:
526:this interest of his.
480:Second Polish Republic
423:Early life and studies
2261:Polish mathematicians
2191:Politicians from Lviv
1875:Zyndram-Kościałkowski
1078:Cross of Independence
918:
816:
687:
671:Nicholas II of Russia
587:
472:Austro-Hungarian Army
470:Conscripted into the
337:Polish pronunciation:
2311:Scientists from Lviv
688:Bartel (right) with
560:and his government.
401:Operation Barbarossa
292:Member of Parliament
1597:Kazimierz Świtalski
1587:Kazimierz Świtalski
890:Polish nationalists
849:Bolesław Limanowski
799:Kazimierz Świtalski
690:Marshal of the Sejm
649:Kazimierz Świtalski
574:Marshal of the Sejm
518:. He was awarded a
506:and Prime Minister
138:Kazimierz Świtalski
81:Kazimierz Świtalski
2055:Republic of Poland
1735:Republic of Poland
1535:Political offices
1456:"Editorial Policy"
1373:. 28 November 2014
1265:MacTutor biography
1060:Honours and awards
1009:prison at Łąckiego
980:Władysław Sikorski
953:Władysław Sikorski
921:
841:Aleksander Prystor
827:
775:Gabriel Narutowicz
697:
590:
552:. Just before the
252:General Government
2256:Polish Freemasons
2165:
2164:
1715:Kanty Steczkowski
1620:
1619:
1611:Succeeded by
1584:Succeeded by
1557:Succeeded by
1422:BJU International
964:Reinhard Heydrich
949:Winston Churchill
937:Tretyakov Gallery
756:Teubner in 1934.
717:private residence
546:Bolesław Wysłouch
512:Polish–Soviet War
508:Władysław Grabski
461:Alfred Pringsheim
392:After the Soviet
330:
329:
2348:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1594:Preceded by
1567:Preceded by
1540:Preceded by
1532:
1531:
1525:in the database
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1218:on 3 August 2016
1214:. Archived from
1208:
1202:
1201:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1111:on 14 April 2015
1107:. Archived from
1101:
1082:Virtuti Militari
1070:Legion of Honour
1026:Piaski Janowskie
1022:Heinrich Himmler
990:Arrest and death
832:Tadeusz Pisarski
746:Ignacy Daszyński
705:Belvedere palace
693:Ignacy Daszyński
611:Lwów Polytechnic
520:Virtuti Militari
452:Lwów Polytechnic
413:Heinrich Himmler
349:
343:
338:
322:
244:
220:
218:
202:Personal details
188:
176:
148:
134:
122:
103:
89:
77:
58:
37:Kazimierz Bartel
35:
25:Kazimierz Bartel
21:
20:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2057:
2049:
1990:Osóbka-Morawski
1982:
1974:
1892:
1884:
1737:
1729:
1691:
1663:
1661:Duchy of Warsaw
1655:
1650:
1616:
1607:
1599:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1570:Józef Piłsudski
1562:
1560:Józef Piłsudski
1553:
1545:
1504:Rzuty cechowane
1500:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1090:
1074:Cross of Valour
1072:(class I), the
1062:
1053:
992:
913:
878:
823:Ignacy Mościcki
819:Józef Piłsudski
811:
762:
729:
675:Congress Poland
624:Ministry of War
619:
607:Ignacy Mościcki
566:
550:Józef Piłsudski
532:
500:Leopold Skulski
496:Józef Piłsudski
476:Austria-Hungary
433:Austria-Hungary
425:
336:
310:
268:Political party
246:
242:
232:Austria-Hungary
222:
216:
214:
213:
212:
192:Józef Piłsudski
186:
174:
168:Ignacy Mościcki
166:
149:
144:
132:
126:Józef Piłsudski
120:
114:Ignacy Mościcki
104:
99:
87:
75:
69:Ignacy Mościcki
59:
54:
38:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2354:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2058:(1990–present)
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1915:Bór-Komorowski
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1741:
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1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
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1657:
1656:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1546:
1543:Wincenty Witos
1541:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1523:Author profile
1520:
1506:
1499:
1498:External links
1496:
1493:
1492:
1468:
1447:
1428:(6): 596–598.
1408:
1384:
1359:
1335:
1311:
1290:
1279:
1268:
1257:
1229:
1203:
1196:
1190:. Birkhäuser.
1176:
1169:
1149:
1142:
1122:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1037:Sonderkommando
991:
988:
925:September 1939
912:
909:
877:
874:
810:
807:
761:
758:
728:
725:
618:
615:
570:Wincenty Witos
565:
562:
531:
528:
504:Wincenty Witos
484:railway troops
439:, now Lviv in
424:
421:
347:Casimir Bartel
328:
327:
324:
323:
316:
312:
311:
309:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
289:
287:
283:
282:
281:Maria Bartlowa
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
245:(aged 59)
239:
235:
234:
210:
208:
204:
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199:
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195:
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183:
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180:Wincenty Witos
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156:
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117:
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24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2319:
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2302:
2299:
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2222:
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2209:
2207:
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2202:
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2176:
2169:
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2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Marcinkiewicz
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
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2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
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1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
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1963:
1961:
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1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
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1856:
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1674:
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1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1615:
1614:Walery Sławek
1606:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1517:5-7260-0625-9
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1439:
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1431:
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1419:
1412:
1397:
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1389:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1197:9783319219844
1193:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1170:9780393244014
1166:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
984:Stanisław Kot
981:
976:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
945:Joseph Stalin
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
917:
908:
906:
905:anti-Semitism
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
873:
871:
870:Walery Sławek
866:
860:
858:
857:Polish Senate
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
833:
824:
820:
815:
806:
804:
800:
795:
790:
788:
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911:World War II
897:Brest trials
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794:Polish złoty
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734:
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241:26 July 1941
221:3 March 1882
187:Succeeded by
159:Maciej Rataj
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133:Succeeded by
100:
88:Succeeded by
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2186:1941 deaths
2181:1882 births
2100:Cimoszewicz
2010:Jaroszewicz
1983:(1944–1989)
1955:Muchniewski
1920:Tomaszewski
1910:Arciszewski
1905:Mikołajczyk
1893:(1939–1990)
1880:Składkowski
1750:Moraczewski
1738:(1918–1939)
1681:Poniatowski
1671:Małachowski
1664:(1807–1813)
1485:28 December
1461:28 December
1401:28 December
1377:28 December
1352:28 December
1328:28 December
1304:28 December
1222:28 December
1051:After death
998:began, the
972:Switzerland
853:agrarianism
664:Polish Jews
419:had ended.
385:post until
344:; English:
258:Nationality
175:Preceded by
121:Preceded by
76:Preceded by
2175:Categories
2145:Morawiecki
2065:Mazowiecki
2045:Mazowiecki
2025:Jaruzelski
1970:Szczepanik
1935:Mackiewicz
1930:Hryniewski
1775:Ponikowski
1755:Paderewski
1725:Wróblewski
1720:Świeżyński
1710:Ponikowski
1676:Gutakowski
1608:1929–1930
1581:1928–1929
1143:0813119316
1088:References
639:so-called
286:Occupation
217:1882-03-03
2125:Kaczyński
2075:Olszewski
2020:Pińkowski
1865:Kozłowski
1845:Piłsudski
1830:Świtalski
1820:Piłsudski
1805:Skrzyński
1780:Śliwiński
1745:Daszyński
1012:tragedy.
1000:Wehrmacht
901:Centrolew
787:democracy
629:oligarchy
599:prejudice
405:Wehrmacht
359:freemason
315:Signature
307:Freemason
295:Statesman
155:President
146:In office
110:President
101:In office
65:President
56:In office
2085:Suchocka
2070:Bielecki
2040:Kiszczak
2035:Rakowski
1960:Urbański
1900:Sikorski
1790:Sikorski
1442:11942971
1115:14 April
1084:(1922).
939:and the
783:violence
554:May Coup
394:invasion
378:May Coup
304:Diplomat
2160:*Acting
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2015:Babiuch
1950:Zawisza
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1800:Grabski
1765:Grabski
1760:Skulski
1687:Potocki
1005:Gestapo
748:of the
741:Sanacja
721:Marshal
679:Gypsies
645:Sanacja
516:militia
492:marshal
441:Ukraine
429:Lemberg
409:Gestapo
301:Scholar
248:Lemberg
224:Lemberg
2140:Szydło
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2110:Miller
2095:Oleksy
2090:Pawlak
2080:Pawlak
2000:Bierut
1965:Sabbat
1870:Sławek
1850:Sławek
1840:Sławek
1835:Bartel
1825:Bartel
1815:Bartel
1527:zbMATH
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779:police
767:Warsaw
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633:nobles
437:Poland
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278:Spouse
262:Polish
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1945:Pająk
1940:Hanke
1810:Witos
1795:Witos
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1770:Witos
1554:1926
1018:Cairo
488:siege
445:Stryj
2150:Tusk
2130:Tusk
1513:ISBN
1487:2016
1463:2016
1438:PMID
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1379:2016
1354:2016
1330:2016
1306:2016
1224:2016
1192:ISBN
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1117:2015
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821:and
673:and
668:Tsar
544:and
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