3330:
3014:
435:
36:
146:
1734:
1608:
2165:
2557:
132:
1541:
2415:. In the 16th century, Russia became the main trading partner of Kazan, and the khanate shared the economic system of Moscow. The major markets were the Taşayaq Bazaar in Kazan and the Markiz Isle fair on the Volga River. Agricultural landownership was based on the söyurğal and hereditary estates.
2301:
without a conflict. The administration of the khanate was wiped out; pro-Moscow and neutral nobles kept their lands, but others were executed. Tatars were then resettled far away from rivers, roads and Kazan. Free lands were settled by
Russians and sometimes by pro-Russian Tatars. Orthodox bishops
2893:
It was actually the
Orthodox Church militant that first stimulated Russian campaigns of conquest to the East, advocating the spread of Christianity into the well-established Muslim Kazan Khanate. Immediately after the conquest the church established a strong institutional presence in the Tatar
2894:
regions and planned for the forced conversion of its Muslim population to
Orthodox Christianity. Despite its establishment of churches, monasteries, and religious institutions in the newly conquered regions, the church was to be frustrated in its goal of imposing Christianity on Muslim turf.
2006:. The main population of the steppes were the nomadic Manghites, also known as Nogais, who sometimes recognized the rule of the Kazan khan, but more often raided agricultural Tatars and Chuvash, as they had done in the Golden Horde period. Later, Nogais were transplanted and replaced with
2368:
2087:
Regarding the history of the khanate, there is a scarcity of sources. Not only no single document of the khanate survived the
Russian conquest, but even the documents of early Russian colonial administration (Prikaz Kazanskogo Dvortsa) were all destroyed during the
2568:: Alat, Arça, Gäreç, Cöri and Nuğay. The term daruğa translates as "direction". They replaced the "duchies" that the khanate originated from. Some feudal lords sporadically asserted independence from Kazan, but such attempts would be promptly suppressed.
2218:. Their invitation to the throne of Kazan was vitiated by a large portion of vernacular nobility. Under Qoşçaq's government relations with Russia continued to worsen. A group of disgruntled noblemen at the beginning of 1551 invited a supporter of Tsar
2571:
The military of the khanate consisted of armament and men from the darughas and subject lands, khan guards, and the troops of the nobility. The number of soldiers was never constant, ranging from 20,000 to 60,000 in number. Often, troops from
2945:, First edition (الطبعة الاولي) Volume 1 (المجلد الاول) Printed at the Al-Karīmiyyah and Al-Ḥussayniyyah printing shop in the town of "Orenburg" upon committed expenses (طبع بالمطبعة الكريمية والحسينية ببلدة "اورنبورغ" على مصاريف ملتزمه).
2069:, who assumed the title of khan and usurped the throne of Kazan with some help from local nobility in 1437 or 1438. It has been suggested that the transfer of power from the local Bolgar dynasty to Muhammad was finalized by his son
2010:. More recently, this area was settled by Tatars, Chuvash and Russians, who erected defensive walls to guard the southern border. Since the khanate was established, Tatar Cossack troops defended the khanate from the Nogais.
2237:) were ceded to Russia. Ütämeşgäräy, along with his mother, was sent to a Moscow prison. Şahğäli occupied the Kazan throne until February 1552. Anti-Moscow elements in the Kazan government exiled Şahğäli and invited the
2061:(Kazan Ulus or Kazan Duchy) may have regained a degree of independence within the disintegrating Golden Horde by the turn of the 15th century. The principality was self-governed and maintained a dynasty of
654:
593:
2133:, on the Kazan throne. After that, the Kazan Khanate became a protectorate of Moscow, and Russian merchants were allowed to trade freely throughout its territory. Supporters of a union between the
578:
1424:
1403:
1382:
1361:
1273:
1257:
1265:
883:
1506:
4336:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
4370:
2340:
383:
358:
2076:
Throughout its history, the khanate was prone to civil turmoil and struggles for the throne. The khans were replaced 19 times in 115 years. There were a total of
1983:
tribes were also incorporated into the
Khanate. The Mishars had arrived during the period of the Golden Horde and gradually assimilated the resident Mordvins and
2333:
1892:
2649:
retained its position as a sacred place, but had this function only, due to the emergence of Kazan as a major economic and political center in the 1430s.
2336:
often raided the agricultural population, the coalition went to ruin. After a brutal repression against the Kazan rebels, their commanders were executed.
2195:, Safa Giray returned to the throne. He executed 75 noblemen, and the rest of his opposition escaped to Russia. In 1549 he died, and his 3-year-old son
2635:
1888:
2951:
2943:
Talfīq al-akhbār wa-talfīḥ al-āthār fī waqāʼiʻ Qazān wa-Bulghār wa-mulūk al-Tātār (تلفيق الاخبار وتلقيح الآثار في وقائع قزان وبلغار وملوك التتار)
2853:
The designation "black" in Turkic culture was often used to refer to commoners, and not intended as a racial designation; on this point see also
1253:
2627:
2176:
displeased the pro-Moscow elements of the Kazan
Khanate, and some of these noblemen provoked a revolt in 1545. The result was the deposition of
4363:
1698:
1340:
1237:
3920:
1814:
1245:
1227:
2387:
The
Khanate's urban population produced clay ware, wood and metal handiworks, leather, armor, ploughs and jewels. The major cities included
4716:
4305:
1783:
1569:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
3287:
2339:
By some estimates, the population of the former khanate declined by several thousand during the wars. The administration, known as the
1667:
849:
4356:
1930:
The local feudal nobility consisted of ethnic
Bulgars, but the court and bodyguard of the Kazan khans were composed of steppe Tatar (
1417:
2942:
4338:
3002:
2472:
1199:
1010:
4491:
1923:. Their self-identity was not restricted to Tatars; many identified themselves simply as Muslims or as "the people of Kazan".
1026:
1526:
1396:
1203:
1156:
694:
145:
2141:
tried to exploit the population's grievances to provoke revolts (in 1496, 1500, and 1505), but with negligible results.
4028:
2033:. The Bolgar language also strongly influenced the Middle dialect of Tatar language. The other three were probably the
1733:
1691:
1191:
1181:
2980:
2880:
2013:
Russian sources indicate that at least five languages were used in the Kazan khanate. The first and foremost was the
1807:
1748:
1642:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
608:
79:
57:
50:
1438:
984:
972:
873:
3629:
1562:
1177:
4081:
2681:
908:
823:
1607:
4300:
3915:
3329:
2017:, including the Middle dialect of the Kazan Tatars and the Western dialect of the Mishars. Its written form (
1684:
1587:
1131:
961:
676:
17:
3963:
1800:
1716:
1375:
1354:
845:
2524:(black people), a free Muslim population who lived on state land. The feudal lands were mostly settled by
1919:
were the main rivers of the khanate, as well as the major trade ways. The majority of the population were
2995:
2115:
1486:
1333:
1249:
999:
722:
706:
4721:
4484:
3849:
1555:
1141:
1076:
714:
414:
4711:
2320:
Part of the population continued to resist
Russian rule until 1556. Rebel governments were formed in
2081:
1948:
by the steppe nobility and, later, by the
Russian elite. Part of the higher nobility hailed from the
1269:
1261:
786:
556:
3677:
1778:
918:
44:
2282:, the Russians entered the city. Some defenders managed to escape but most were put to the sword.
2196:
3705:
3649:
3396:
3392:
3232:
3050:
3045:
2735:
2427:
governed the state. He based his actions on decisions and consultations of a cabinet council, or
1233:
1215:
1195:
1082:
1054:
546:
2652:
The architecture of the khanate is characterized by white-stone architecture and wood carvings.
448:
4500:
3942:
3300:
3277:
3092:
2988:
2631:
2130:
1768:
1657:
764:
642:
452:
61:
2623:
2584:
also served the Kazan khans. Firearms (arquebuse) were used for defending the walls of Kazan.
2002:
Most of the khanate territory was covered by forests, and only the southern part adjoined the
4477:
4172:
4126:
3734:
2916:
2840:
2815:
2144:
In 1521, Kazan emerged from the dominance of Moscow, concluding a mutual aid treaty with the
2107:
1064:
2931:
4325:
3388:
3107:
3062:
2618:
Although Islamic influence predominated, lay literature also developed. The most prominent
2458:
1596:
1038:
841:
2642:. Möxämmädyar renovated the traditions of Kazan poetry, and his verses were very popular.
2156:. The combined forces of khan Muhamed Giray and his Crimean allies then attacked Muscovy.
1952:. It included members of four leading noble families: Arghin, Barin, Qipchaq, and Shirin.
8:
4514:
4066:
3685:
3310:
3132:
2907:
2831:
2806:
2661:
2111:
2077:
1006:
951:
819:
604:
434:
252:
2765:
Rywkin, Michael (1976). "The Prikaz of the Kazan Court: First Russian Colonial Office".
2199:
was recognized as khan. His regent and the de facto ruler of the khanate was his mother
131:
4348:
4061:
3910:
3883:
3117:
3010:
2782:
2705:
2666:
2619:
2018:
1844:
1617:
1320:
1284:
1223:
1211:
1119:
1072:
812:
710:
698:
612:
600:
520:
189:
100:
4566:
4413:
4202:
4121:
3874:
3621:
3295:
3207:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3137:
3077:
2876:
2356:
2263:
2241:
2238:
2219:
2145:
1872:
1773:
1662:
1207:
1171:
1167:
1060:
887:
869:
857:
732:
718:
702:
669:
622:
475:
423:
376:
184:
4546:
4456:
4441:
4167:
4147:
3925:
3701:
3689:
3681:
3669:
3645:
3637:
3625:
3606:
3559:
3461:
3424:
3315:
3252:
3247:
3212:
3162:
3087:
3067:
3027:
2866:
2778:
2774:
2726:
2603:
A large part of the urban population was literate. Large libraries were present in
2348:
2283:
2271:
2185:
2101:
2089:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2022:
1996:
1868:
1163:
1022:
940:
897:
690:
680:
284:
212:
4157:
3057:
4676:
4587:
4561:
4418:
4321:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
4003:
3980:
3953:
3693:
3665:
3661:
3633:
3602:
3539:
3496:
3479:
3305:
3267:
3202:
3187:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3127:
3122:
3112:
3102:
3082:
3072:
3040:
2870:
2577:
2278:
and some castles. On October 3, after two months of siege and destruction of the
2149:
2138:
2070:
2026:
1303:
837:
775:
753:
632:
525:
203:
2080:, some ascending the throne multiple times. The Khan was often elected from the
2065:
rulers. Whatever the status of this proto-state, the founder of the khanate was
4551:
4529:
4446:
4315:
4212:
4192:
4086:
4071:
4036:
3937:
3709:
3697:
3673:
3653:
3614:
3563:
3524:
3429:
3419:
3338:
3272:
3257:
3237:
3222:
3217:
3192:
3177:
3097:
3035:
3018:
2709:
2593:
2257:
2211:
2200:
2177:
2134:
2066:
2058:
2030:
2014:
1956:
1904:
1884:
1832:
1743:
1632:
861:
853:
797:
742:
509:
495:
464:
320:
271:
207:
113:
2375:
is still unclear. Nevertheless, the Dutchman Carlus (Carel) Allard noted that
1900:
4705:
4618:
4556:
4524:
4451:
4406:
4248:
4238:
4041:
3930:
3829:
3784:
3657:
3579:
3575:
3545:
3489:
3474:
3439:
3346:
3262:
3242:
3227:
2966:
2953:
2686:
2639:
2344:
2294:
2279:
2234:
2034:
1992:
1972:
1968:
1856:
1627:
1622:
1545:
1241:
929:
879:
566:
536:
218:
2403:, Çallı, Alat and Cöri. The urban population also traded with the people of
1831:
was a medieval Tatar Turkic state that occupied the territory of the former
4683:
4623:
4539:
4519:
4380:
4227:
4013:
3641:
3583:
3567:
3529:
3381:
3351:
2597:
2533:
2424:
2404:
2396:
2106:
During the reign of Ulugh Muhammad and his son Maxmud, Kazan forces raided
1988:
1980:
1949:
1939:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1864:
1753:
1647:
1108:
1097:
1014:
686:
363:
2544:
later. The Muslim and non-Muslim population of the Khanate had to pay the
2164:
4534:
4436:
4428:
4396:
4217:
3869:
3814:
3519:
3449:
2573:
2556:
2204:
2153:
1960:
1896:
1185:
1086:
1068:
1046:
1034:
456:
2786:
4388:
4197:
4162:
4018:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3859:
3197:
2325:
827:
3824:
2925:
Armies of the Volga Bulgars & Khanate of Kazan, 9th–16th centuries
4662:
4243:
4222:
4187:
4182:
4131:
4091:
4076:
4046:
3949:
3900:
3809:
3571:
3484:
3444:
3365:
3361:
2801:
2608:
2315:
2267:
1836:
1672:
1298:
1018:
833:
235:
4232:
2592:
In general, the culture of the Kazan Khanate descended from that of
2565:
1991:
were never controlled from Kazan and instead gravitated towards the
4654:
4644:
4593:
4274:
4207:
4152:
4101:
4056:
3905:
3879:
3854:
3804:
3779:
3596:
3409:
3373:
3357:
2509:
2408:
2303:
2290:
2223:
2181:
2126:
1976:
1964:
1931:
1852:
1848:
1788:
1725:
1637:
1315:
1219:
1042:
865:
485:
4666:
2919:
Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
2843:
Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
2818:
Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
2475:). Muslim clergy also played a major role. They were divided into
2400:
2274:
to Kazan. The Russians defeated the Tatar inland troops and burnt
4628:
4603:
4284:
4264:
4177:
3794:
3789:
3769:
3722:
3591:
3509:
3454:
3434:
3414:
3404:
3369:
2854:
2676:
2646:
2463:
2062:
2007:
1840:
1763:
1050:
245:
2392:
4658:
4608:
4598:
4469:
4310:
4269:
4051:
4008:
3958:
3819:
3774:
3764:
3748:
3742:
3727:
3717:
3553:
3514:
3504:
3469:
2604:
2581:
2529:
2484:
2412:
2380:
2329:
2321:
2298:
2245:
2215:
2192:
2173:
2119:
2003:
1984:
1944:
1935:
401:
2367:
4670:
4649:
4613:
4279:
3864:
3799:
3534:
2912:
2836:
2811:
2671:
2612:
2545:
2503:
2497:
2449:
2428:
2388:
2275:
2230:
2184:, occupied the throne. Following that year, Moscow organized
1924:
1908:
1860:
1030:
516:
231:
174:
2536:. Occasionally they were sold within the Khanate as slaves (
2084:
by vernacular nobility and even by the citizens themselves.
4320:
4096:
2492:
2444:
2436:
2372:
4378:
1987:. Their territory was governed by former steppe Tatars.
1835:
between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary
2540:) and sometimes were settled on feudal lands to become
2507:, or clergy, played a judicial role and maintained the
4306:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
2923:
Viacheslav Shpakovsky, David Nicolle, Gerry Embleton,
1903:
duchies and other regions that originally belonged to
2740:
2129:
of Moscow occupied Kazan and seated a puppet leader,
3757:
1942:
tradition, the local Turkic tribes were also called
2720:
2286:was imprisoned and the population was slaughtered.
2118:against his cousins, was defeated in a battle near
2936:The Volga Tatars, a Profile in National Resilience
2122:, and was forced to pay ransom to the Kazan khan.
1867:(Mongol state), and it came to an end when it was
4703:
2941:Muhammad Murad Ramzi (محمد مراد الرمزي) (1908),
2207:gained a degree of independence under her rule.
2188:over Kazan, but the attempts were unsuccessful.
1436:
1129:
2528:(serfs). Prisoners of war were usually sold to
2210:At that time Safa Giray's relatives (including
2551:
2229:At the same time the lands to the west of the
2021:) was the favoured language of the state. The
4485:
4364:
2996:
2289:After the fall of Kazan, territories such as
1808:
1692:
1563:
4339:State with limited international recognition
1863:. It was one of the successor states of the
1883:The territory of the Khanate comprised the
1878:
105:
4492:
4478:
4371:
4357:
3003:
2989:
2351:of the Tatars and other peoples. The term
1815:
1801:
1699:
1685:
1570:
1556:
144:
2615:became a center of science and theology.
2520:The majority of the population comprised
2045:, likewise developed from the Bolgar and
1955:Peoples subject to the khan included the
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
3286:
2555:
2366:
2163:
1938:) that lived in Kazan. According to the
43:This article includes a list of general
2266:, operating from the Russian castle of
14:
4704:
2865:
2764:
2431:. The nobility comprised the ranks of
4473:
4352:
2984:
2110:and its subject lands several times.
2905:"Qazan Xanlığı (Khanate of Kazan)".
2600:were also present in noble circles.
2453:. Military estates consisted of the
29:
4717:Vassal states of the Ottoman Empire
2186:several campaigns to impose control
2159:
309:• Elevation of Ulugh Muhammad
24:
2875:. Little, Brown (published 2010).
2168:Map of the Khanate of Kazan, 1540s
1443:
187:(literature, lingua franca, court)
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4733:
2203:. The administration of the ulan
1457:
4499:
3328:
3012:
2927:, Osprey Men-at-Arms 491 (2013).
2371:Whether the khanate had its own
2095:
1732:
1606:
1539:
433:
381:
356:
130:
34:
4581:Related ethnic groups and clans
4311:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
2564:The Khanate was divided into 5
2355:was in use until 1708 when the
2306:forcibly baptized many Tatars.
1451:Not internationally recognized.
2859:
2847:
2822:
2793:
2779:10.1080/00085006.1976.11091457
2758:
2699:
2682:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
1859:; its capital was the city of
1445:
909:General Secretariat of Ukraine
13:
1:
4301:Organization of Turkic States
2751:
2309:
1459:
677:Great Stand on the Ugra River
151:
2362:
27:1438–1552 Tatar Turkic state
7:
2741:
2721:
2655:
2596:. Cultural elements of the
2552:Administration and military
2251:
2116:Muscovite War of Succession
973:Provisional Priamurye Govt.
10:
4738:
2587:
2418:
2383:was pictured on the first.
2313:
2262:In August 1552, forces of
2255:
2099:
2057:The former territories of
2052:
280:• March-October 1552
4692:
4637:
4580:
4507:
4427:
4387:
4334:
4293:
4257:
4140:
4114:
4027:
3979:
3972:
3893:
3842:
3337:
3326:
3026:
2730:
2713:
2125:In July 1487, Grand Duke
1415:
1394:
1376:Luhansk People's Republic
1373:
1355:Donetsk People's Republic
1352:
1331:
1314:
1297:
1118:
1107:
971:
950:
939:
928:
907:
796:
785:
774:
763:
752:
557:Principality of Chernigov
397:
335:
331:
317:
307:
303:
295:
291:
278:
265:
261:
251:
241:
227:
196:
180:
170:
162:
143:
127:
122:
106:
94:
4694:Origin is controversial.
4379:Successor states of the
3916:Timeline of the Göktürks
2767:Canadian Slavonic Papers
2692:
2025:was a descendant of the
1927:was the state religion.
1887:-populated lands of the
1879:Geography and population
1779:Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
982:
652:
576:
494:
484:
474:
2932:Origins of Volga Tatars
2226:, for the second time.
1234:Eurasian Economic Union
1083:Parade of sovereignties
547:Principality of Polotsk
181:Official languages
64:more precise citations.
3630:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2561:
2384:
2180:. A Moscow supporter,
2169:
2078:fifteen reigning khans
2029:, spoken by the pagan
824:Provisional Government
765:Grand Duchy of Finland
643:Principality of Moscow
192:(dynastic, literature)
150:The Khanate of Kazan,
4127:Proto-Turkic language
3758:Extinct Turkic groups
2930:Azade-Ayshe Rorlich,
2917:Republic of Tatarstan
2872:A World Without Islam
2841:Republic of Tatarstan
2816:Republic of Tatarstan
2559:
2370:
2343:undertook the forced
2341:Kazan Palace's Office
2191:With the help of the
2172:The reinforcement of
2167:
1673:Republic of Tatarstan
1465:Not fully controlled.
1299:Republic of Tatarstan
1192:Constitutional crisis
197:Common languages
138:Banner used in Battle
4414:Khanate of Astrakhan
4326:World Turks Qurultai
2379:used two flags, and
1238:Annexation of Crimea
846:Constituent Assembly
723:Second Patriotic War
4515:Tatar confederation
4067:Karachay-Cherkessia
2963: /
2908:Tatar Encyclopaedia
2832:Tatar Encyclopaedia
2807:Tatar Encyclopaedia
2742:Kazánskoye khánstvo
2662:List of Kazan khans
2112:Vasily II of Moscow
1989:Some Mishar duchies
1726:History of Udmurtia
1418:Zaporizhzhia Oblast
1250:Invasion of Ukraine
1039:Great Patriotic War
1011:Cultural revolution
952:Transcaucasian SFSR
820:February Revolution
707:Emancipation reform
605:Council of Uvetichi
455: •
451: •
4258:Traditional sports
4062:Kabardino-Balkaria
3682:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
2667:Islam in Tatarstan
2620:Old Tatar language
2562:
2385:
2170:
2019:Old Tatar language
1334:Republic of Crimea
1285:Russian Federation
1228:Presidential terms
1120:Karelo-Finnish SSR
1073:Chernobyl disaster
813:Russian Revolution
711:Russo-Japanese War
699:1812 Patriotic War
613:Battle of Kulikovo
601:Council of Liubech
190:Old Tatar language
4722:Former monarchies
4699:
4698:
4567:Astrakhan Khanate
4467:
4466:
4419:Khanate of Crimea
4346:
4345:
4122:Old Turkic script
4110:
4109:
3921:Timeline 500–1300
3838:
3837:
3324:
3323:
3183:Kipchak languages
3138:Karamanli Turkish
2967:55.783°N 49.150°E
2867:Fuller, Graham E.
2829:"Kazan Khanate".
2739:
2731:Казанское ханство
2719:
2377:Caesar of Tataria
2357:Kazan Governorate
2264:Ivan the Terrible
2244:, along with the
2242:Yadegar Mokhammad
2220:Ivan the Terrible
2146:Astrakhan Khanate
2047:Kipchak languages
2039:Mordvin languages
1873:Tsardom of Russia
1825:
1824:
1774:Kazan Governorate
1709:
1708:
1663:Kazan Governorate
1580:
1579:
1546:Russia portal
1474:
1473:
1168:Belavezha Accords
1150:
1149:
1061:Era of Stagnation
1027:Industrialization
993:
992:
870:Soviet-Polish War
806:
805:
787:Russian Manchuria
733:Tsardom of Russia
719:October Manifesto
703:Decembrist Revolt
695:Petrovian reforms
663:
662:
623:Novgorod Republic
587:
586:
503:
502:
407:
406:
393:
392:
389:
388:
377:Tsardom of Russia
369:
368:
321:Conquest of Kazan
267:• 1438–1445
185:Chagatai language
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4729:
4712:Khanate of Kazan
4547:Chagatai Khanate
4494:
4487:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4457:Khanate of Khiva
4442:Khanate of Sibir
4402:Khanate of Kazan
4373:
4366:
4359:
4350:
4349:
4168:Tibetan Buddhism
4148:Turkic mythology
4029:Autonomous areas
3981:Sovereign states
3977:
3976:
3755:
3754:
3737:
3712:
3609:
3586:
3548:
3499:
3464:
3425:Crimean Karaites
3399:
3376:
3332:
3284:
3283:
3163:Khorasani Turkic
3017:
3016:
3015:
3005:
2998:
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2791:
2790:
2762:
2745:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2718:romanized:
2717:
2715:
2708:: قزان خانلغی;
2703:
2353:Tsardom of Kazan
2349:Christianization
2284:Yadegar Moxammad
2239:Astrakhan prince
2160:The final decade
2102:Russo-Kazan Wars
2090:Time of Troubles
2043:Bashkir language
2023:Chuvash language
1997:Muscovite Russia
1829:Khanate of Kazan
1817:
1810:
1803:
1759:Khanate of Kazan
1736:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1653:Khanate of Kazan
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1316:Chechen Republic
1309:
1292:
1281:
1280:
1178:USSR dissolution
1094:
1093:
1023:Collectivization
941:Byelorussian SSR
898:Russian Republic
894:
893:
729:
728:
691:Treaty of Nystad
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285:Yadegar Moxammat
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96:Khanate of Kazan
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60:this article by
51:inline citations
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3954:Altai Mountains
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3678:North Macedonia
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3540:Siberian Tatars
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3480:Khorasani Turks
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3123:Karachay-Balkar
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2248:, to aid them.
2162:
2150:Crimean Khanate
2139:Crimean Khanate
2114:engaged in the
2104:
2098:
2055:
2027:Bolgar language
1934:, and later of
1881:
1851:, and parts of
1821:
1789:Udmurt Republic
1749:Mongol invasion
1720:
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1643:Mongol invasion
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1274:2022 annexation
1258:Mass emigration
1246:2020 amendments
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838:Kornilov affair
816:
815:
807:
776:Congress Poland
754:Russian America
727:
715:1905 Revolution
682:
673:
672:
664:
633:Vladimir-Suzdal
617:
609:Mongol conquest
597:
596:
588:
531:
526:Russkaya Pravda
521:Baptism of Rus'
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4552:Timurid Empire
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4530:Kazakh Khanate
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4447:Kazakh Khanate
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4213:Khalwati order
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4193:Bektashi Order
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4079:
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4072:Karakalpakstan
4069:
4064:
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4044:
4039:
4037:Altai Republic
4033:
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4025:
4024:
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3983:
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3945:
3938:Nomadic empire
3935:
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3706:Western Thrace
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3430:Crimean Tatars
3427:
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3407:
3402:
3401:
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3379:
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3233:Siberian Tatar
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3215:
3210:
3205:
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2972:55.783; 49.150
2947:
2946:
2939:
2928:
2921:
2899:
2898:
2881:
2869:(2010-08-11).
2858:
2846:
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2773:(3): 293–300.
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2672:Tatar nobility
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2594:Volga Bulgaria
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2560:Tatar soldiers
2553:
2550:
2513:(schools) and
2420:
2417:
2364:
2361:
2314:Main article:
2311:
2308:
2258:Siege of Kazan
2256:Main article:
2253:
2250:
2212:Devlet I Giray
2161:
2158:
2135:Ottoman Empire
2097:
2094:
2067:Ulugh Muhammad
2059:Volga Bulgaria
2054:
2051:
2031:Chuvash people
2015:Tatar language
1979:. Some of the
1905:Volga Bulgaria
1880:
1877:
1833:Volga Bulgaria
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1744:Volga Bulgaria
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1618:Great Bulgaria
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1397:Kherson Oblast
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854:Bolshevik Coup
810:
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798:Uryankhay Krai
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792:
789:
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771:
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749:
748:
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743:Russian Empire
739:
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735:
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670:Tsarist Russia
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476:Rus' Khaganate
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99:قزان خانلغی (
98:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4734:
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4619:Mughal people
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4607:
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4602:
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4597:
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4585:
4583:
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4572:Kazan Khanate
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4557:Mughal Empire
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4525:Uzbek Khanate
4523:
4521:
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4513:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4495:
4490:
4488:
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4454:
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4452:Uzbek Khanate
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4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
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4408:
4407:Qasim Khanate
4405:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
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4392:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4369:
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4360:
4355:
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4333:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
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4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:Organizations
4292:
4286:
4283:
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4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
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4260:
4256:
4250:
4249:Vattisen Yaly
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4229:
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4042:Bashkortostan
4040:
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3948:
3944:
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3936:
3932:
3931:Turkification
3929:
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3546:Baraba Tatars
3543:
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3536:
3533:
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3526:
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3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:Common Turkic
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3278:Western Yugur
3276:
3274:
3271:
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3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
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3249:
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3141:
3139:
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3126:
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3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Crimean Tatar
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
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3034:
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3025:
3020:
3006:
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2999:
2994:
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2987:
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2940:
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2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2884:
2882:9780316072014
2878:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2825:
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2809:
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2803:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2757:
2743:
2737:
2728:
2723:
2722:Qazan xanlığı
2714:Казан ханлыгы
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2687:Qasim Khanate
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2653:
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2567:
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2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2517:(libraries).
2516:
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2506:
2505:
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2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:Russification
2342:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2328:, but as the
2327:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2295:Bashkortostan
2292:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:citadel walls
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
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2247:
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2240:
2236:
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2227:
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2208:
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2202:
2198:
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2179:
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2166:
2157:
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2151:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2096:Early history
2093:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2035:Mari language
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:Qasim Khanate
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:Mishar Tatars
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:Muslim Bulgar
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:Bashkortostan
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
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1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Great Tartary
1626:
1624:
1623:Turco-Mongols
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:
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1595:
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1300:
1296:
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1286:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:War in Donbas
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1224:Five-Days War
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:Privatization
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:Modern Russia
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
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1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
989:
987:
986:
981:
980:
976:
974:
970:
969:
965:
963:
962:Russian State
960:
959:
955:
953:
949:
948:
944:
942:
938:
937:
933:
931:
930:Ukrainian SSR
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
916:
912:
910:
906:
905:
901:
899:
896:
895:
889:
885:
881:
880:War Communism
877:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:
829:Dvoyevlastiye
825:
821:
818:
817:
814:
801:
799:
795:
794:
790:
788:
784:
783:
779:
777:
773:
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768:
766:
762:
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746:
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724:
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708:
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688:
684:
678:
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659:
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636:
634:
631:
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624:
621:
620:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
598:
595:
583:
581:
580:
575:
574:
570:
568:
567:Rostov-Suzdal
565:
564:
560:
558:
555:
554:
550:
548:
545:
544:
540:
538:
537:Novgorod Land
535:
534:
528:
527:
522:
518:
515:
514:
511:
499:
497:
493:
492:
489:
487:
483:
482:
479:
477:
473:
472:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
454:
450:
441:
440:
436:
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
416:
411:
410:
403:
400:
398:Today part of
396:
380:
378:
375:
374:
371:
365:
362:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
316:
312:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
277:
273:
270:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
220:
217:
214:
211:
209:
205:
202:
201:
199:
195:
191:
186:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
147:
142:
133:
126:
121:
115:
107:Казан ханлыгы
102:
93:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
18:Kazan Khanate
4677:
4624:Aimaq people
4571:
4540:Budjak Horde
4520:Golden Horde
4501:Turco-Mongol
4401:
4381:Golden Horde
4228:Qalandariyya
4203:Christianity
4014:Turkmenistan
3952: /
3943:Turco-Mongol
3382:Azerbaijanis
2948:
2935:
2924:
2911:(in Tatar).
2906:
2892:
2886:. Retrieved
2871:
2861:
2849:
2835:(in Tatar).
2830:
2824:
2810:(in Tatar).
2805:
2795:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2701:
2651:
2645:The city of
2644:
2632:Möxämmädämin
2617:
2602:
2598:Golden Horde
2591:
2570:
2563:
2541:
2537:
2534:Central Asia
2525:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2422:
2405:Central Asia
2386:
2376:
2359:was formed.
2352:
2338:
2319:
2288:
2261:
2228:
2209:
2190:
2171:
2143:
2131:Möxämmädämin
2124:
2105:
2086:
2075:
2056:
2012:
2001:
1954:
1950:Golden Horde
1943:
1929:
1921:Kazan Tatars
1882:
1865:Golden Horde
1828:
1826:
1758:
1754:Golden Horde
1652:
1648:Golden Horde
1464:
1458:
1450:
1444:
1439:full list...
1437:
1423:
1416:
1402:
1395:
1381:
1374:
1360:
1353:
1339:
1332:
1270:Mobilization
1262:Debt default
1204:Chechen wars
1155:since 1991:
1132:full list...
1130:
1109:Russian SFSR
1098:Soviet Union
1015:Korenization
985:full list...
983:
919:Russian SFSR
828:
687:Zemsky Sobor
655:full list...
653:
579:full list...
577:
524:
510:Ancient Rus'
364:Golden Horde
346:Succeeded by
345:
340:
76:
67:
48:
4535:Nogai Horde
4437:Nogai Horde
4429:White Horde
4397:Great Horde
4218:Malamatiyya
3870:Pan-Turkism
3850:Grey Wolves
3815:Oghuz Turks
3735:Afghanistan
3520:Qarai Turks
3450:Karakalpaks
3218:Sakha/Yakut
3108:Fuyü Gïrgïs
3063:Azerbaijani
2970: /
2624:Möxämmädyar
2622:poets were
2197:Ütämeşgäräy
2154:Nogay Horde
1784:Udmurt ASSR
1597:History of
1164:August Coup
1087:War of Laws
1069:Perestroika
1047:Warsaw Pact
1035:Great Purge
998:1923–1991:
862:White Guard
842:Directorate
811:1917–1923:
668:1480–1917:
594:Feudal Rus'
592:1240–1480:
465:Rus' people
457:Early Slavs
424:History of
341:Preceded by
323:by Ivan IV
166:Independent
155: 1500
62:introducing
4706:Categories
4684:Tug banner
4389:Blue Horde
4198:Burkhanism
4163:Aiyy Faith
4082:Nakhchivan
4019:Uzbekistan
3999:Kyrgyzstan
3994:Kazakhstan
3989:Azerbaijan
3860:Burkhanism
3686:Montenegro
3650:Dodecanese
3311:Old Uyghur
3296:Old Turkic
3198:Old Turkic
3133:Karakalpak
2888:2015-10-04
2752:References
2628:Ömmi Kamal
2609:madrassahs
2522:qara xalıq
2334:Ğäli Äkräm
2326:Mishatamaq
2310:Resistance
2272:laid siege
2214:) were in
2178:Safa Giray
2100:See also:
2082:Gengizides
1940:Ginghizide
1668:Tatar ASSR
1230:amendments
1142:Tannu Tuva
1065:Afghan War
1000:Soviet Era
508:879–1240:
449:Prehistory
253:Kazan Khan
242:Government
70:April 2020
45:references
4663:Ergenekon
4244:Zahediyeh
4239:Safaviyya
4188:Bayramiye
4183:Batiniyya
4158:Shamanism
4141:Religions
4132:Turkology
4092:Tatarstan
4077:Khakassia
4047:Chuvashia
3973:Locations
3950:Tian Shan
3926:Migration
3901:Turkestan
3884:Hungarian
3875:Turkesism
3572:Kryashens
3560:Astrakhan
3485:Krymchaks
3445:Karachays
3366:Telengits
3362:Kumandins
3288:Alphabets
3118:Ili Turki
3028:Languages
2802:Kazan War
2736:romanized
2706:Old Tatar
2510:madrassas
2363:Economics
2316:Kazan War
2268:Sviyazhsk
2201:Söyembikä
2073:in 1445.
1869:conquered
1845:Chuvashia
1837:Tatarstan
1599:Tatarstan
1523:1982–1991
1519:1964–1982
1515:1953–1964
1511:1927–1953
1507:1917–1927
1503:1894–1917
1499:1855–1894
1495:1796–1855
1491:1721–1796
1266:Sanctions
1216:Oligarchy
1146:1921–1944
1124:1940–1956
1113:1922–1991
1102:1922–1991
1019:Stalinism
977:1921–1923
966:1918–1920
956:1922–1922
945:1920–1922
934:1919–1922
923:1917–1922
913:1917–1918
902:1917–1918
888:Emigrants
874:Priamurye
858:Civil War
834:July Days
802:1914–1921
791:1900–1905
780:1867–1915
769:1809–1917
758:1799–1867
747:1721–1917
737:1547–1721
647:1263–1547
637:1157–1331
627:1136–1478
571:1093–1157
496:Garðaríki
453:Antiquity
236:Shamanism
228:Religion
123:1438–1552
101:Old Tatar
4655:Tengrism
4645:Kurultai
4594:Keraites
4208:Hurufism
4153:Tengrism
4102:Xinjiang
4057:Gagauzia
3906:Mongolia
3880:Turanism
3855:Kemalism
3843:Politics
3805:Kipchaks
3785:Göktürks
3780:Dughlats
3634:Bulgaria
3622:Abkhazia
3597:Turkmens
3580:Nağaybäk
3410:Bashkirs
3374:Tubalars
3358:Chelkans
3352:Altaians
3306:Cyrillic
3208:Pecheneg
3173:Krymchak
3078:Chagatai
3051:Southern
3046:Northern
2787:40866921
2656:See also
2640:Qolşärif
2636:Ğärifbäk
2532:or into
2479:(seid),
2409:Caucasus
2304:Germogen
2302:such as
2291:Udmurtia
2252:Downfall
2235:Taw yağı
2152:and the
2137:and the
2127:Ivan III
2041:and the
1965:Mordvins
1932:Kipchaks
1853:Udmurtia
1849:Mordovia
1717:a series
1715:Part of
1638:Kipchaks
1588:a series
1586:Part of
1487:860–1721
1483:Timeline
1220:Putinism
1174:Protocol
1172:Alma-Ata
1077:Karabakh
1057:transfer
1043:Cold War
866:Red Army
850:election
683:Troubles
561:988–1402
551:987–1397
541:882–1136
486:Arthania
415:a series
413:Part of
4638:Culture
4629:Hazaras
4604:Naimans
4285:Chovgan
4265:Kyz kuu
4178:Alevism
4115:Studies
3911:History
3894:Origins
3825:Türgesh
3795:Khazars
3790:Karluks
3770:Bulgars
3745:(Sakha)
3723:Uyghurs
3702:Tunisia
3690:Romania
3670:Lebanon
3638:Croatia
3626:Algeria
3615:Turkish
3607:Iranian
3592:Tofalar
3564:Chinese
3525:Qashqai
3510:Naimans
3455:Kazakhs
3435:Dolgans
3420:Chuvash
3415:Chulyms
3405:Balkars
3397:Georgia
3393:Armenia
3370:Teleuts
3347:Afshars
3339:Peoples
3316:Persian
3253:Turkmen
3248:Turkish
3213:Qashqai
3168:Kipchak
3088:Chuvash
3068:Bashkir
2958:49°09′E
2955:55°47′N
2938:(1986).
2855:Khazars
2738::
2727:Russian
2677:Ar begs
2647:Bolghar
2605:mosques
2588:Culture
2515:maktabs
2495:), and
2464:bahadir
2447:), and
2419:Society
2397:Cükätaw
2297:joined
2233:River (
2224:Şahğäli
2182:Şahğäli
2108:Muscovy
2053:History
2008:Kalmyks
1977:Bashkir
1957:Chuvash
1893:Cükätäw
1871:by the
1841:Mari El
1769:Muscovy
1764:Ar begs
1658:Muscovy
1529:present
1429:present
1408:present
1387:present
1366:present
1345:present
1325:present
1308:present
1291:present
1254:Prelude
1051:Comecon
681:Time of
444:Periods
319:•
296:History
274:(first)
246:Khanate
213:Chuvash
171:Capital
58:improve
4659:Tengri
4609:Merkit
4599:Barlas
4508:States
4275:Kokpar
4270:Jereed
4233:Rifaʽi
4223:Qadiri
4052:Crimea
4009:Turkey
3959:Otuken
3820:Shatuo
3810:K'o-sa
3775:Cumans
3765:Bulaqs
3749:Yugurs
3743:Yakuts
3728:Uzbeks
3718:Tuvans
3694:Serbia
3666:Kosovo
3662:Israel
3646:Cyprus
3603:Afghan
3576:Mishar
3554:Tatars
3515:Nogais
3505:Kumyks
3490:Kyrgyz
3475:Khalaj
3470:Khakas
3440:Gagauz
3268:Uyghur
3188:Kyrgyz
3158:Khazar
3153:Khalaj
3148:Khakas
3143:Kazakh
3128:Karaim
3113:Gagauz
3103:Dolgan
3083:Chulym
3073:Bulgar
3036:Afshar
3021:topics
3019:Turkic
2915:: The
2879:
2839:: The
2814:: The
2785:
2638:, and
2582:Russia
2578:Crimea
2576:, the
2566:daruğa
2530:Turkey
2501:. The
2485:sheikh
2413:Russia
2411:, and
2407:, the
2381:Zilant
2332:under
2330:Nogays
2322:Chalem
2299:Russia
2246:Nogays
2216:Crimea
2205:Qoşçaq
2193:Nogays
2174:Crimea
2148:, the
2120:Suzdal
2071:Maxmud
2063:Bolgar
2037:, the
2004:steppe
1985:Burtas
1975:, and
1973:Udmurt
1945:Tatars
1936:Nogais
1917:Vyatka
1907:. The
1899:, and
1889:Bolğar
1719:on the
1590:on the
1188:abroad
1055:Crimea
426:Russia
417:on the
402:Russia
299:
287:(last)
257:
204:Turkic
163:Status
157:–1550.
110:
47:, but
4671:Erlik
4667:Ülgen
4650:Kumis
4614:Ongud
4588:Avars
4280:Jigit
4173:Islam
4087:Sakha
3865:Jadid
3800:Kimek
3710:Yemen
3698:Syria
3674:Libya
3654:Egypt
3642:Crete
3584:Volga
3568:Lipka
3535:Shors
3530:Salar
3497:China
3462:China
3273:Uzbek
3258:Tuvan
3238:Tatar
3223:Salar
3193:Nogai
3178:Kumyk
3098:Cuman
3041:Altai
2913:Kazan
2837:Kazan
2812:Kazan
2783:JSTOR
2710:Tatar
2693:Notes
2613:Kazan
2574:Nogay
2546:yasaq
2504:ulema
2498:imams
2481:şäyex
2477:säyet
2473:ichki
2455:uğlan
2450:morza
2429:Diwan
2401:Qaşan
2389:Qazan
2276:Archa
2231:Volga
1925:Islam
1909:Volga
1901:Qaşan
1897:Kazan
1861:Kazan
1527:1991–
1463:
1449:
1289:1991–
1031:GULAG
876:Govt.
517:Rurik
232:Islam
208:Tatar
175:Kazan
114:Tatar
4678:Deel
4097:Tuva
3964:Oğuz
3830:Uzes
3658:Iraq
3389:Iran
3263:Urum
3243:Tofa
3228:Shor
3058:Äynu
2934:in:
2877:ISBN
2607:and
2580:and
2542:çura
2526:çura
2493:qazi
2489:qazí
2469:içki
2459:ulan
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2425:khan
2423:The
2393:Arça
2373:flag
2347:and
2324:and
2293:and
1981:Komi
1961:Mari
1915:and
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1855:and
1827:The
1425:2022
1404:2022
1383:2022
1362:2022
1341:2014
1321:2000
1304:1994
1214:) •
1200:CSTO
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1186:Near
884:USSR
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1995:or
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1182:CIS
1079:War
1007:NEP
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2092:.
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1967:,
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