64:
79:
393:
forces on 10 April 1919. Consequently, the Kars Oblast largely came under the
Armenian civil governorship of Stepan Korganian who wasted no time in facilitating the repatriation of the region's exiled refugees.
412:. The disastrous war for Armenia resulted in the permanent expulsion of the region's ethnic Armenian population, many who inexorably remained befalling massacre, resulting in the region joining the
1074:
1 January] 1916, including 97,919 men and 94,051 women, 153,102 of whom were the permanent population, and 38,868 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated an overwhelmingly
347:
which had initially rejected the aforementioned treaty, the
Ottoman Third Army was successful in occupying the Kars Oblast and expelling its 100,000 panic-stricken Armenian inhabitants.
2750:
381:
The South-West
Caucasus Republic administered the Kars okrug and neighboring formerly occupied districts for three months before provoking British intervention by order of General
2763:
2739:
2732:
375:
401:
to have been freely roaming the countryside of Kars encouraging sedition among the Muslim villages, culminating in a series of anti-Armenian uprisings on 1 July 1919.
2205:
2172:
3226:
2622:
2214:
3216:
3394:
3221:
3201:
2319:
2281:
2499:
3389:
2245:
3399:
3211:
2856:
3281:
3040:
2956:
2718:
2779:
1927:
3359:
2198:
344:
309:
332:
99:
3409:
2227:
343:
to the
Ottoman Empire, who had been unreconciled with its loss of the territory since 1878. Despite the ineffectual resistance of the
3404:
2411:
2404:
2191:
3315:
366:
ordered their complete withdrawal to the pre-1914 Ottoman-frontier. Intended to hinder the westward expansion of the fledgling
3364:
2066:
1903:
3374:
3369:
2872:
2052:
104:
2149:
3052:
2793:
1773:
398:
3384:
2369:
2102:
433:
63:
3379:
2801:
2712:
2166:
1868:
1833:
1798:
1748:
1713:
290:
404:
The Kars Oblast for the third time in six years saw invading
Turkish troops, this time under the command of General
3097:
78:
2827:
2769:
2094:
1620:
371:
2140:
2122:
2675:
2445:
1071:
695:
382:
111:
2139:] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917.
2121:] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913.
698:
15 January] 1897, including 75,452 men and 58,690 women. The plurality of the population indicated
436:. Again according to them, most of Aghbaba uchastok went to Soviet Armenia, remainder of it went to Turkey.
2908:
2813:
2774:
2525:
2348:
2548:
2439:
351:
317:
2807:
2660:
2257:
17:
355:
367:
2326:
1578:
409:
313:
3057:
2897:
2456:
2251:
1968:
1528:
1350:
429:
362:, were permitted to winter in Kars until early 1919, after which on 7 January 1919 Major General
340:
131:
3155:
3110:
3087:
3299:² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914.
3178:
3138:
3082:
3077:
3044:
3030:
3011:
2696:
2275:
2086:
1518:
417:
363:
3191:
2885:
2665:
2655:
2566:
2487:
2433:
2397:
2301:
2263:
2158:
1678:
1568:
687:
286:
3132:
1094:, Armenians formed the plurality of the population, being closely followed by Sunni Muslim,
3354:
3166:
3149:
3006:
2987:
2927:
2638:
2633:
2616:
2561:
2542:
2466:
2451:
2386:
2295:
2269:
2222:
1325:
1079:
405:
3160:
8:
3302:
3185:
2997:
2921:
2915:
2891:
2835:
2628:
2611:
2586:
2571:
2536:
2530:
2505:
2493:
2461:
2422:
2380:
2364:
2359:
2332:
2312:
2288:
1062:
1004:
887:
359:
3249:
3143:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3072:
3067:
3062:
2933:
2902:
2745:
2707:
2649:
2643:
2576:
2555:
2520:
2515:
2427:
2342:
2306:
2048:
1921:
824:
328:
266:
1774:"Armenia in the Aftermath of Mudros: Conflicting claims and Strife with the Neighbors"
397:
Despite the apparent defeat of the
Ottoman Empire, Turkish agitators were reported by
3255:
3172:
3017:
2845:
2606:
2591:
2510:
2476:
2471:
2417:
2391:
2374:
2337:
2183:
2162:
2098:
2072:
2062:
1909:
1899:
1874:
1864:
1839:
1829:
1804:
1794:
1754:
1744:
1719:
1709:
1589:
1559:
1494:
952:
926:
913:
811:
746:
719:
699:
374:
republics into the Kars Oblast, Yukub Shevki backed the emergence of the short-lived
321:
305:
610:
3275:
3024:
2880:
2850:
2840:
2596:
2581:
2481:
2354:
2237:
1609:
1608:
were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the
Russians, referred to
1553:
1545:
1539:
1509:
1488:
1017:
991:
939:
874:
837:
798:
772:
715:
707:
663:
624:
585:
548:
509:
3262:
2950:
2939:
2702:
2689:
2683:
2601:
965:
850:
378:
with moral support, also furnishing it with weapons, ammunition and instructors.
242:
3269:
2862:
2756:
2725:
2009:
1946:
1616:
900:
785:
711:
495:
425:
294:
281:
was one of the four territorial administrative subunits (counties) of the Kars
258:
226:
92:
2076:
3348:
3330:
3317:
3297:
indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.
2982:
2977:
1934:
1913:
1583:
1200:
1095:
978:
421:
386:
254:
234:
3101:
2972:
2967:
2945:
1624:
1605:
1225:
649:
390:
1893:
1878:
1843:
1808:
1758:
1723:
3243:
2962:
1679:"КАРССКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ — информация на портале Энциклопедия Всемирная история"
1175:
1099:
1087:
759:
703:
667:
628:
589:
552:
513:
336:
301:
285:
created after its annexation into the
Russian Empire in 1878 through the
222:
116:
1858:
1823:
1788:
1738:
1703:
1120:
1115:
262:
197:
186:
1895:
Great catastrophe : Armenians and Turks in the shadow of genocide
534:
324:
on 25 December 1914 before they were dislodged in early
January 1915.
2058:
1969:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1400:
1375:
1150:
1075:
2130:
2112:
1985:
1250:
1083:
453:
1612:
1300:
1103:
420:
on 3 December 1920. Turkey's annexation of Kars and the adjacent
246:
2823:
2789:
413:
238:
2054:
Armenia and
Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914
1275:
659:
620:
581:
544:
505:
217:
50:
2129:
2111:
2026:
2024:
2015:
1952:
1940:
1425:
572:
230:
144:
2021:
1828:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 204.
1793:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 220.
1743:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 201.
1627:
era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".
358:, the occupying force of the district by the time of the
1863:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 66.
1708:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 27.
2213:
1997:
1533:
451:
2151:
Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus
1070:
had a population of 191,970 on 14 January [
694:
had a population of 134,142 on 28 January [
1659:
229:between 1878 and 1918. Its capital was the city of
2157:. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven:
2091:The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919
3346:
1856:
1821:
1786:
1736:
1701:
1598:
1078:population in the city of Kars, with sizeable
3395:States and territories disestablished in 1917
2199:
640:
601:
564:
525:
486:
445:
345:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
1619:. After 1918, with the establishment of the
702:to be their mother tongue, with significant
2085:
2047:
2030:
1991:
439:
159:5,785.69 km (2,233.87 sq mi)
3390:States and territories established in 1878
2206:
2192:
1926:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3400:1878 establishments in the Russian Empire
327:On 3 March 1918, in the aftermath of the
2147:
2003:
1665:
1090:minorities, however, in the rest of the
681:
1891:
320:, the latter of whom was successful in
14:
3347:
1053:
3303:Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship
2187:
2143:from the original on 4 November 2021.
1963:
1961:
1857:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996).
1822:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996).
1787:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996).
1737:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996).
1702:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996).
1588:
1552:
1538:
1493:
1060:According to the 1917 publication of
339:including the Kars okrug through the
304:, the Kars Oblast became the site of
1771:
2125:from the original on 19 April 2022.
726:Linguistic composition of the Kars
24:
2215:Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
2178:from the original on 17 June 2023.
1958:
25:
3421:
424:was confirmed in the treaties of
385:, leading to its capitulation by
29:Okrug in Caucasus, Russian Empire
3405:1917 disestablishments in Russia
3360:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
2132:Кавказский календарь на 1917 год
2114:Кавказский календарь на 1913 год
2016:Кавказский календарь на 1917 год
1953:Кавказский календарь на 1913 год
1941:Кавказский календарь на 1917 год
77:
62:
2057:. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon:
2040:
1885:
1850:
1639:
1630:
676:
2095:University of California Press
1815:
1780:
1765:
1730:
1695:
1671:
1621:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1500:
1481:
432:in 1921, by virtue of the new
13:
1:
3410:Soviet Union–Turkey relations
1652:
408:in September 1920 during the
3365:Governorates of the Caucasus
376:South-West Caucasus Republic
7:
3375:History of Erzurum Province
3370:History of Ardahan Province
2137:Caucasian calendar for 1917
2119:Caucasian calendar for 1913
1623:and "especially during the
1584:
1534:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1011:
1008:
998:
995:
985:
982:
972:
969:
959:
956:
946:
943:
933:
930:
920:
917:
907:
904:
894:
891:
881:
878:
868:
865:
857:
854:
844:
841:
831:
828:
818:
815:
805:
802:
792:
789:
779:
776:
766:
763:
753:
750:
654:
615:
576:
539:
500:
452:
83:Location in the Kars Oblast
10:
3426:
272:
3385:Modern history of Armenia
3291:
3235:
3200:
3096:
3039:
2996:
2871:
2822:
2788:
2674:
2221:
2148:Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014).
2093:. Vol. 1. Berkeley:
1573:
1563:
1523:
1513:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1111:
641:
602:
565:
526:
487:
446:
322:briefly occupying Ardahan
195:
184:
176:
168:
163:
155:
150:
140:
130:
122:
110:
98:
88:
76:
58:
47:
34:
3380:History of Kars Province
1892:De Waal, Thomas (2015).
1474:
440:Administrative divisions
434:Soviet regime in Armenia
233:, presently part of the
41:
2087:Hovannisian, Richard G.
1994:, p. 35 (note 25).
1860:The Republic of Armenia
1825:The Republic of Armenia
1790:The Republic of Armenia
1740:The Republic of Armenia
1705:The Republic of Armenia
1636:Primarily Turco-Tatars.
1540:[karskʲɪjɐkrʊk]
1495:[ɡɑɹˈsikʰɑˈvɑr]
1102:, Russian, Kurdish and
341:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
132:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3305:was abolished in 1876.
2988:Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
2049:Bournoutian, George A.
1898:. Oxford. p. 86.
1590:[kɑɹˈsiɡɑˈvɑr]
1549:
1519:pre-reform orthography
471:Administrative centre
418:Treaty of Alexandropol
2159:Yale University Press
1569:classical orthography
722:speaking minorities.
688:Russian Empire Census
682:Russian Empire Census
399:Armenian intelligence
364:G.T. Forestier-Walker
354:under the command of
310:Russian Caucasus Army
287:Treaty of San Stefano
265:in the west, and the
180:33/km (86/sq mi)
3204:Galicia and Bukovina
2873:Caucasus Viceroyalty
2412:Little Russia (1796)
2405:Little Russia (1764)
1554:[kaɾsokɾuɡu]
642:Шурагельский участок
609:Nizhniy Sarykamysh (
603:Соганлугский участок
410:Turkish-Armenian War
177: • Density
3331:40.6069°N 43.0931°E
3327: /
2998:Baltic Governorates
2018:, pp. 198–201.
1955:, pp. 156–163.
1063:Kavkazskiy kalendar
1055:Kavkazskiy kalendar
731:
527:Зарушадский участок
488:Агбабинский участок
314:Armenian volunteers
3250:Emirate of Bukhara
2881:Baku (Governorate)
1772:Andersen, Andrew.
1326:Asiatic Christians
725:
648:Kizil-Chakhchakh (
414:Republic of Turkey
356:Yakub Shevki Pasha
329:October Revolution
318:Ottoman Third Army
267:Erivan Governorate
261:in the south, the
257:in the north, the
253:bordered with the
169: • Total
156: • Total
3310:
3309:
3256:Khanate of Kokand
2846:Semirechye Oblast
2446:Novgorod-Seversky
2068:978-1-351-06260-2
1943:, pp. 65–75.
1905:978-0-19-935070-4
1645:Primarily Tatars.
1582:
1571:
1532:
1521:
1492:
1472:
1471:
1080:Asiatic Christian
1051:
1050:
686:According to the
674:
673:
444:The prefectures (
335:ceded the entire
206:
205:
16:(Redirected from
3417:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:40.6069; 43.0931
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3276:Khanate of Khiva
2909:Georgia-Imeretia
2851:Syr-Darya Oblast
2808:Siberian Kirghiz
2733:Orenburg Kirghiz
2526:Saint Petersburg
2208:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2156:
2144:
2126:
2108:
2080:
2034:
2031:Hovannisian 1971
2028:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1992:Bournoutian 2018
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1973:www.demoscope.ru
1965:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1917:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1542:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1489:Western Armenian
1487:
1485:
1351:North Caucasians
1109:
1108:
738:Native speakers
732:
724:
644:
643:
605:
604:
568:
567:
566:Карсский участок
529:
528:
490:
489:
474:1912 population
465:
464:
457:
449:
448:
360:Mudros Armistice
312:supplemented by
289:, following the
215:was a district (
81:
66:
32:
31:
21:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3287:
3282:Zeravshan Okrug
3263:Russian America
3231:
3203:
3202:Governorates of
3196:
3092:
3035:
2992:
2867:
2818:
2784:
2670:
2549:Sloboda Ukraine
2440:Nizhny Novgorod
2225:
2217:
2212:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2154:
2105:
2069:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1890:
1886:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1836:
1820:
1816:
1801:
1785:
1781:
1770:
1766:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1716:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1610:Turkic-speaking
1603:
1599:
1595:
1524:Карсскій округъ
1505:
1501:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1376:Other Europeans
1058:
684:
679:
662:(1,151.45
623:(1,188.18
584:(1,539.73
547:(1,256.55
533:Grenaderskoye (
442:
406:Kâzım Karabekir
306:intense battles
275:
243:Amasia District
84:
72:
71:
70:
69:
54:
43:
40:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3423:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3308:
3307:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3273:
3270:Uryankhay Krai
3266:
3259:
3252:
3247:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3170:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Abo-Byorneborg
3049:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2828:Turkestan Krai
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2661:Yekaterinoslav
2658:
2653:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2258:Archangelgorod
2254:
2249:
2242:
2233:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2181:
2180:
2167:
2145:
2127:
2109:
2104:978-0520019843
2103:
2082:
2081:
2067:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1904:
1884:
1869:
1849:
1834:
1814:
1799:
1779:
1764:
1749:
1729:
1714:
1694:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1617:South Caucasus
1597:
1594:
1593:
1557:
1543:
1535:Karsskiy okrug
1514:Карсский округ
1506:
1499:
1491:pronunciation:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
988:
987:
984:
981:
975:
974:
971:
968:
962:
961:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
942:
936:
935:
932:
929:
923:
922:
919:
916:
910:
909:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
890:
884:
883:
880:
877:
871:
870:
867:
864:
860:
859:
856:
853:
847:
846:
843:
840:
834:
833:
830:
827:
821:
820:
817:
814:
808:
807:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
788:
782:
781:
778:
775:
769:
768:
765:
762:
756:
755:
752:
749:
743:
742:
739:
736:
683:
680:
678:
675:
672:
671:
666:; 444.58
656:
653:
646:
633:
632:
627:; 458.76
617:
614:
607:
594:
593:
588:; 594.49
578:
575:
570:
557:
556:
551:; 485.16
541:
538:
531:
518:
517:
512:; 250.88
502:
499:
492:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
458:) of the Kars
441:
438:
295:Ottoman Empire
274:
271:
259:Kagizman okrug
227:Russian Empire
204:
203:
200:
193:
192:
189:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
134:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
93:Russian Empire
90:
86:
85:
82:
74:
73:
67:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
48:
45:
44:
42:Карсский округ
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3422:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3304:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2814:Semipalatinsk
2812:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2168:9780300153088
2164:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2033:, p. 67.
2032:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2006:, p. 50.
2005:
2004:Tsutsiev 2014
2000:
1993:
1988:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1870:0-520-01805-2
1866:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1835:0-520-01805-2
1831:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1800:0-520-01805-2
1796:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:0-520-01805-2
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1715:0-520-01805-2
1711:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1666:Tsutsiev 2014
1662:
1658:
1642:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:Before 1918,
1601:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1570:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1177:
1176:Sunni Muslims
1174:
1173:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1003:
1002:
993:
990:
989:
980:
977:
976:
967:
964:
963:
954:
951:
950:
941:
938:
937:
928:
925:
924:
915:
912:
911:
902:
899:
898:
889:
886:
885:
876:
873:
872:
862:
861:
852:
849:
848:
839:
836:
835:
826:
823:
822:
813:
810:
809:
800:
797:
796:
787:
784:
783:
774:
771:
770:
761:
758:
757:
748:
745:
744:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
669:
665:
661:
660:square versts
657:
651:
647:
638:
635:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:square versts
618:
612:
608:
599:
596:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:square versts
579:
574:
571:
562:
559:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:square versts
542:
536:
532:
523:
520:
519:
515:
511:
508:(649.79
507:
506:square versts
503:
497:
493:
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
470:
467:
466:
463:
461:
456:
455:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Surmalu Uyezd
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
395:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
270:
269:to its east.
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Ardahan okrug
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Kars Province
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:
214:
213:
201:
199:
196: •
194:
190:
188:
185: •
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
158:
154:
149:
146:
143:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
115:
113:
109:
106:
103:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
80:
75:
65:
57:
53:
52:
46:
39:
33:
27:
19:
3312:
3294:
3280:
3261:
3254:
3242:
3236:Dependencies
3184:
3177:
3165:
3148:
3131:
3109:
3098:Governorates
3078:Sankt-Mikhel
3041:Governorates
3023:
3016:
2955:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2907:
2890:
2855:
2836:Transcaspian
2806:
2794:Stepnoy Krai
2762:
2755:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2695:
2688:
2648:
2621:
2554:
2547:
2535:
2498:
2444:
2432:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2379:
2347:
2327:Ingermanland
2325:
2318:
2311:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2268:
2256:
2236:
2223:Governorates
2150:
2136:
2131:
2118:
2113:
2090:
2053:
2041:Bibliography
2011:
1999:
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
1948:
1936:
1894:
1887:
1859:
1852:
1824:
1817:
1789:
1782:
1767:
1739:
1732:
1704:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:
1673:
1661:
1641:
1632:
1606:Azerbaijanis
1600:
1502:
1483:
1226:Shia Muslims
1112:Nationality
1106:minorities:
1091:
1088:Sunni Muslim
1067:
1061:
1059:
1054:
727:
691:
685:
677:Demographics
639:prefecture (
637:Shuragelskiy
636:
600:prefecture (
598:Soganlugskiy
597:
563:prefecture (
560:
524:prefecture (
522:Zarushadskiy
521:
485:prefecture (
482:
459:
443:
416:through the
403:
396:
380:
350:The Ottoman
349:
333:Russian SFSR
326:
308:between the
299:
282:
278:
276:
250:
216:
211:
209:
207:
136:3 March 1918
68:Coat of arms
49:
37:
26:
3355:Kars oblast
3334: /
3244:Bukey Horde
2898:Elizavetpol
2746:Primorskaya
2708:Transbaikal
2457:Novorossiya
2349:Kiev (1708)
2252:Arkhangelsk
1683:w.histrf.ru
1585:Karsi gawaṙ
1574:Կարսի գաւառ
1564:Կարսի գավառ
1550:Kars Okrugu
1100:Shia Muslim
1066:, the Kars
979:Avar-Andean
690:, the Kars
483:Agbabinskiy
337:Kars Oblast
302:World War I
223:Kars Oblast
123:Established
100:Viceroyalty
3349:Categories
3322:43°05′35″E
3319:40°36′25″N
3227:Chernovtsy
3167:Podlyashye
2697:Bessarabia
2623:Voznesensk
2276:Bessarabia
2077:1037283914
1978:2022-03-26
1688:2021-12-05
1653:References
1005:Belarusian
888:Lithuanian
760:Karapapakh
704:Karapapakh
668:sq mi
629:sq mi
590:sq mi
553:sq mi
514:sq mi
383:G.F. Milne
352:Ninth Army
263:Olti okrug
164:Population
18:Kars Okrug
3217:Peremyshl
3083:Tavastgus
2886:Black Sea
2857:Turkestan
2841:Samarkand
2802:Akmolinsk
2713:Kamchatka
2666:Yeniseysk
2656:Yaroslavl
2567:Stavropol
2488:Petrograd
2434:Nikolayev
2398:Lithuania
2302:Chernigov
2264:Astrakhan
2059:Routledge
1922:cite book
1914:897378977
1579:romanized
1529:romanized
1401:Georgians
1151:Armenians
825:Ukrainian
735:Language
658:1,011.76
619:1,044.04
611:Sarıkamış
580:1,352.94
543:1,104.11
494:Amasiya (
277:The Kars
221:) of the
3222:Tarnopol
3179:Sandomir
3156:Petrokov
3111:Avgustov
3088:Uleaborg
3007:Courland
2957:Imeretia
2951:Dagestan
2940:Armenian
2928:Shemakha
2764:Tarnopol
2751:Sakhalin
2726:Kwantung
2703:Don Host
2690:Belostok
2639:Voronezh
2634:Volhynia
2617:Vladimir
2562:Smolensk
2543:Simbirsk
2467:Orenburg
2452:Novgorod
2387:Kostroma
2320:Iziaslav
2296:Caucasus
2282:Bratslav
2270:Belgorod
2173:Archived
2141:Archived
2123:Archived
2089:(1971).
2051:(2018).
1560:Armenian
1465:191,970
1459:161,456
1251:Russians
1076:Armenian
1044:134,142
953:Georgian
927:Ossetian
914:Estonian
901:Assyrian
747:Armenian
730:in 1897
700:Armenian
561:Karsskiy
454:uchastki
387:Armenian
372:Georgian
368:Armenian
316:and the
241:and the
105:Caucasus
3295:Italics
3192:Suvalki
3186:Sedlets
3150:Mazovia
3144:Lyublin
3073:Nyuland
3045:Finland
3031:Estonia
3012:Livonia
2983:Zakatal
2978:Sukhumi
2922:Kutaisi
2916:Georgia
2892:Derbent
2863:Fergana
2824:Oblasts
2790:Oblasts
2757:Taurida
2719:Caspian
2676:Oblasts
2629:Vologda
2612:Vitebsk
2587:Tobolsk
2572:Taurida
2537:Siberia
2531:Saratov
2506:Poltava
2500:Polotsk
2494:Podolia
2462:Olonets
2423:Mogilev
2381:Kolyvan
2365:Kherson
2360:Kharkov
2333:Irkutsk
2313:Finland
2289:Belarus
1615:of the
1613:Muslims
1581::
1546:Turkish
1531::
1510:Russian
1468:100.00
1462:100.00
1456:100.00
1453:30,514
1301:Yazidis
1292:10,911
1286:10,873
1267:15,980
1261:14,493
1242:18,225
1236:17,965
1217:23,504
1211:23,504
1192:32,565
1186:31,355
1167:80,752
1161:55,087
1155:25,665
1142:Number
1136:Number
1130:Number
1084:Russian
1047:100.00
992:Bashkir
940:Persian
838:Turkmen
812:Kurdish
803:10,609
799:Turkish
790:14,805
777:16,874
773:Russian
764:22,002
751:46,715
720:Kurdish
716:Turkish
708:Russian
655:39,369
616:23,821
577:29,574
540:19,416
535:Arpaçay
504:570.96
501:14,309
447:участки
391:British
300:During
293:of the
273:History
247:Armenia
225:of the
172:191,970
141:Capital
89:Country
3161:Plotsk
3139:Lomzha
3133:Krakov
3127:Keltsy
3122:Kalish
3117:Warsaw
3102:Poland
3068:Kuopio
3063:Vyborg
2934:Tiflis
2903:Erivan
2770:Turgay
2650:Vyborg
2644:Vyatka
2577:Tambov
2556:Slonim
2521:Samara
2516:Ryazan
2428:Moscow
2343:Kaluga
2307:Grodno
2165:
2101:
2075:
2065:
1912:
1902:
1879:238471
1877:
1867:
1844:238471
1842:
1832:
1809:238471
1807:
1797:
1759:238471
1757:
1747:
1724:238471
1722:
1712:
1625:Soviet
1450:TOTAL
1342:3,129
1336:1,350
1330:1,779
1317:5,123
1311:5,123
1255:1,487
1239:11.13
1220:12.24
1214:14.56
1195:16.96
1189:19.42
1180:1,210
1170:42.06
1164:34.12
1158:84.11
1125:TOTAL
1104:Yazidi
1086:, and
1041:TOTAL
1030:Other
1018:Dargin
966:German
875:Jewish
866:1,439
863:Tatar
855:2,093
851:Polish
842:2,456
829:3,297
816:9,165
793:11.04
780:12.58
767:16.40
754:34.83
718:, and
650:Akyaka
496:Amasia
462:were:
430:Moscow
291:defeat
283:oblast
249:. The
239:Turkey
202:84.10%
191:15.90%
112:Oblast
3173:Radom
3018:Reval
2973:Terek
2968:Kuban
2946:Batum
2780:Yakut
2607:Vilna
2592:Tomsk
2511:Pskov
2477:Penza
2472:Oryol
2418:Minsk
2392:Kursk
2375:Kovno
2370:Kholm
2338:Kazan
2246:Altai
2176:(PDF)
2155:(PDF)
2135:[
2117:[
1475:Notes
1445:0.01
1439:0.00
1433:0.08
1420:0.05
1414:0.06
1408:0.00
1395:0.41
1389:0.45
1383:0.16
1370:0.45
1364:0.54
1358:0.00
1345:1.63
1339:0.84
1333:5.83
1320:2.67
1314:3.17
1308:0.00
1295:5.68
1289:6.73
1283:0.12
1276:Kurds
1270:8.32
1264:8.98
1258:4.87
1245:9.49
1233:0.85
1208:0.00
1183:3.97
1121:Rural
1116:Urban
1092:okrug
1068:okrug
1036:0.16
1025:0.07
1012:0.15
999:0.15
986:0.21
973:0.22
960:0.23
947:0.24
934:0.30
921:0.32
908:0.44
895:0.46
882:0.56
869:1.07
858:1.56
845:1.83
832:2.46
819:6.83
806:7.91
786:Greek
728:okrug
712:Greek
692:okrug
477:Area
468:Name
460:okrug
279:okrug
251:okrug
218:okrug
212:okrug
210:Kars
198:Rural
187:Urban
51:Okrug
38:okrug
36:Kars
3212:Lvov
3058:Vaza
3025:Riga
2963:Kars
2775:Ural
2740:Omsk
2684:Amur
2597:Tula
2582:Tver
2482:Perm
2355:Kiev
2238:Azov
2228:List
2163:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2073:OCLC
2063:ISBN
1928:link
1910:OCLC
1900:ISBN
1875:OCLC
1865:ISBN
1840:OCLC
1830:ISBN
1805:OCLC
1795:ISBN
1755:OCLC
1745:ISBN
1720:OCLC
1710:ISBN
1426:Jews
1417:105
1411:104
1392:782
1386:733
1367:869
1361:869
1230:260
1201:Roma
1096:Roma
1072:O.S.
1033:210
1009:205
996:206
983:276
970:294
957:308
944:317
931:401
918:424
905:585
892:611
879:755
696:O.S.
573:Kars
428:and
426:Kars
389:and
370:and
331:the
231:Kars
208:The
151:Area
145:Kars
126:1878
117:Kars
3100:of
3043:of
2826:of
2792:of
2602:Ufa
1442:25
1430:25
1380:49
1280:38
1022:95
245:of
237:of
3351::
3301:³
3293:¹
2171:.
2161:.
2097:.
2071:.
2061:.
2023:^
1971:.
1960:^
1924:}}
1920:{{
1908:.
1873:.
1838:.
1803:.
1753:.
1718:.
1681:.
1576:,
1572::
1566:,
1562::
1548::
1526:,
1522::
1516:,
1512::
1436:0
1405:1
1355:0
1305:0
1205:0
1145:%
1139:%
1133:%
1098:,
1082:,
741:%
714:,
710:,
706:,
670:)
664:km
652:)
645:)
631:)
625:km
613:)
606:)
592:)
586:km
569:)
555:)
549:km
537:)
530:)
516:)
510:km
498:)
491:)
450:,
297:.
3272:²
3268:*
3000:³
2490:²
2486:*
2248:²
2244:+
2241:¹
2230:)
2226:(
2207:e
2200:t
2193:v
2107:.
2079:.
1981:.
1930:)
1916:.
1881:.
1846:.
1811:.
1776:.
1761:.
1726:.
1691:.
1668:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
