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791:. However, Russian scientists during the 1940s also realized, that it was K. E. Baer who initiated this expedition and that the origin of scientific permafrost research must be fixed with Baer's thorough earlier scientific work. They even believed, that the scepticism about the permafrost findings and publications of Middendorff would not have risen, if Baer's original "materials for the study of the perennial ground-ice" would have been published in 1842 as intended. This was realized also by the Russian Academy of Sciences that honoured Baer with the publication of a tentative Russian translation done already in 1842 by Sumgin. These facts were completely forgotten until after the Second World War.
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ground ice in
Siberia). This world's first permafrost textbook was conceived as a complete work for printing. But it remained lost for more than 150 years. However, from 1838 onwards, Baer published a larger number of small publications on permafrost. Numerous of Baer's papers on permafrost were already published as early as 1837 and 1838. Well known was his paper "On the Ground Ice or Frozen Soil of Siberia", published in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London (1838, pp. 210â213) and reprinted 1839 in the American Journal of Sciences and Arts by S. Silliman. There are many other publications and small notes on permafrost by Baer, as shown in the Karl Ernst von Baer museum in
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900:"Von Baer, towards whom all zoologists feel so profound a respect, expressed about the year 1859... his conviction, chiefly grounded on the laws of geographical distribution, that forms now perfectly distinct have descended from a single parent-form." He was a pioneer in studying biological time â the
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on the left banks. In its more thorough formulation, which Baer never formulated himself, the erosion of rivers depends on the direction of flow, as well. For example, in the
Northern Hemisphere, a section of river flowing in a northâsouth direction, according to the theory, erodes on its right bank
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as leader. Baer's expedition instructions written for
Middendorff comprised over 200 pages. Baer summarized his knowledge in 1842/43 in a print-ready typescript. The German title is âMaterialien zur Kenntniss des unvergĂ€nglichen Boden-Eises in Sibirienâ (=materials for the knowledge of the perennial
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The work is fascinating to read, because both Baer's observations on permafrost distribution and his periglacial morphological descriptions are largely still correct today. He distinguished between "continental" and "insular" permafrost, saw the temporary existence of permafrost and postulated the
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had laid siege to it. As he attempted to help the sick and wounded, he realized that his education at Dorpat had been inadequate, and upon his graduation, he notified his father that he would need to go abroad to "finish" his education. In his autobiography, his discontent with his education at
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had similar aims. The first post-World War major contact between groups of senior
Russian and American frozen ground researchers took place in November 1963 in Yakutsk.However, Baer's permafrost textbook remained still undiscovered.
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giving due credit to naturalists who had preceded him in publishing the opinion that species undergo modification, and that the existing forms of life have descended by true generation from pre-existing forms. According to Darwin:
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Southern limit of permafrost according to Karl Ernst von Baer (1843), and other authors. The southern limit of permafrost as delineated by Baer in 1843 corresponds well with the actual limit defined by Jerry Brown
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reprint a preface in
English, two colour permafrost maps of Eurasia and some figures of permafrost features. Baer's text is introduced with detailed comments and references on additional 66 pages written by the
882:. He produced an early tree-like branching diagram illustrating the sequential origins of derived character states in vertebrate embryos during ontogeny that implies a pattern of phylogenetic relationship.
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Thanks to Baer's research expeditions, the scientific investigation of permafrost began in Russia. Baer recorded the importance of permafrost research even before 1837 when observing in detail the
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Baer was a genius scientist covering not only the topics of embryology and ethnology, he also was especially interested in the geography of the northern parts of Russia, and explored
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851:. With his compilation and analysis of all available data on ground ice and permafrost, Karl Ernst von Baer must be given the attribute "founder of scientific permafrost research".
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Dorpat inspired him to write a lengthy appraisal of education in general, a summary that dominated the content of the book. After leaving Tartu, he continued his education in
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798:(CRREL), a division of the US army. It was realized that the understanding of frozen ground and permafrost are essential factors in strategic northern areas during the
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553:. While embryology had kept his attention in Königsberg, then in Russia von Baer engaged in a great deal of field research, including the exploration of the island
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in the Kara Sea was named after Karl Ernst von Baer for his important contributions to the research of arctic meteorology between 1830 and 1840. A duck,
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There are quite a number of studies in
Russian about the origin of permafrost research. Russian authors usually relate with it the name
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Zwischen den
Sternen: Lichtbildarchive. Was Einstein und UexkĂŒll, Benjamin und das Kino der Astronomie des 19. Jahrhunderts verdanken
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1947:
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was a scientific sensation. The full text of Baer's work is available online (234 pages). The editor Lorenz King added to the
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site conditions. With his permafrost classification Baer laid the foundation for the modern permafrost terminology of the
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Three years later, the
Estonian, Karl Ernst von Baer, finally found the true mammalian egg in a pet dog (von Baer, 1827).
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for St
Petersburg's Academy of Science (published at Leipzig). In 1827 von Baer became the first person to observe human
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2007:
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759:. At the end of the 1830s, he recommended sending expeditions to explore permafrost in Siberia and suggested
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The form of any given embryo does not converge upon other definite forms, but separates itself from them.
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864:Ăber das Aussterben der Thierarten in physiologischer und nicht physiologischer Hinsicht ĂŒberhaupt
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In North
America, permafrost research started after the Second World War with the creation of the
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1600:"Materialien zur Kenntniss des unvergÀnglichen Boden-Eises in Sibirien, compiled by Baer in 1843"
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Thus in 2001 the discovery and annotated publication of the typescript from 1843 in the library
783:(1815â1894), as he did much scientific work during the years 1842â1845 concerning permafrost on
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2214:
613:
593:
589:
557:. The last years of his life (1867â76) were spent in Dorpat, where he became a major critic of
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Permafrost occurrences and southern limit of permafrost according to Karl Ernst von Baer, 1843
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Lonely Planet Estonia Latvia & Lithuania (Lonely Planet Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania)
8:
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Karl Ernst von Baer, Welche Auffassung der lebenden Natur ist die richtige?, Berlin, 1862
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Karl Ernst von Baer, Welche Auffassung der lebenden Natur ist die richtige?, Berlin, 1862
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953:, while in an eastâwest section there is no preference. However, this was repudiated by
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1987:
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Berichte und Arbeiten aus der UniversitÀtsbibliothek und dem UniversitÀtsarchiv Giessen
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1939:
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1233:...- dreizehn Jahre spĂ€ter von dem berĂŒhmten EstlĂ€nder Biologen Karl Ernst von Baer...
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2013:
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How economics forgot history: the problem of historical specificity in social science
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1750:"The Influence of the Coriolis Force on Rivers and the Baer Law. Historical Review"
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1469:"Restarting life: fertilization and the transition from meiosis to mitosis (Box 1)"
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BeitrÀge zur Kenntniss des Russischen Reiches und der angrÀnzenden LÀnder Asiens
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Baer, K E v. "Ăber ein allgemeines Gesetz in der Gestaltung der FluĂbetten",
1994:
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From Cosmology to Ecology: The Monist World-view in Germany from 1770 to 1930
1009:, Russia. In Tartu, there is also located Baer House which also functions as
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349:
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139:
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Baer, Karl Ernst von (1838). "On the Ground Ice or Frozen Soil of Siberia".
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Baer, Karl Ernst von (1838). "On the Ground Ice or Frozen Soil of Siberia".
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formation and further development of permafrost as a result of the complex
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occurrences, and collecting biological specimens. Other travels led him to
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1518:
1402:"An amazing 10 years: the discovery of egg and sperm in the 17th century"
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525:(Kaliningrad). In 1834, Baer moved back to St Petersburg and joined the
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20:
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1043:: As a tradition, students wash the statue's head with champagne every
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Von Baer studied the embryonic development of animals, discovering the
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450:
375:
357:
353:
337:
267:
1892:. Hawthorn, Vic., Australia: Lonely Planet Publications. p. 159.
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is a rank of nobility, not a first or middle name. The female form is
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695:
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of another animal form, such as one less evolved, but only its embryo.
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909:
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From his studies of comparative embryology, Baer had believed in the
823:
729:
585:
550:
345:
341:
279:
2059:. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 385â389.
1557:
1486:
1276:(in Estonian, German, and English). Tallinn: TÀnapÀev. p. 126.
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prove that fertilization is due to fusion of an egg and sperm cell.
612:) as a principle in a variety of species, laying the foundation for
3146:
2933:
2928:
2908:
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2878:
2808:
2803:
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799:
633:
609:
605:
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223:
1138:), not a first or middle name. There is no equivalent female form.
737:
461:, Estonia. He was educated at the Knight and Cathedral School in
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2642:
941:
840:
828:
815:
807:
788:
769:
756:
514:
510:
442:
271:
263:
184:
152:
473:). In 1812, during his tenure at the university, he was sent to
2869:
1442:""Conclusio" from Carl Ernst von Baer's De Ovi Mammalium et..."
1134:
1124:
1002:
924:
717:
487:
483:
458:
446:
397:
220:
171:
98:
1274:
Eesti MĂ”isad â HerrenhĂ€user in Estland â Estonian Manor Houses
981:
in 1869â1876, and was a co-founder and first president of the
3394:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
3163:
3151:
3136:
3131:
2104:
Overview of Piibe (Piep) manor (with photo of memorial stone)
1149:
1040:
844:
765:
470:
462:
135:
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Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
1888:
Herrmann, Debra S.; Williams, Nicola; Kemp, Cathryn (2003).
1840:
Biosemiotics: Information, Codes and Signs in Living Systems
1709:
Biosemiotics: Information, Codes and Signs in Living Systems
3449:
Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1155:
936:
is also applied to the unconfirmed proposition that in the
621:
474:
19:"Karl Baer" redirects here. For the German politician, see
2611:
1247:"Evolution from recapitulation theory to Neural Darwinism"
1094:, 2 vols. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1839.
2157:
Ajaloolane: Karl Ernst von Baer oli Venemaa luure asutaja
2128:
Glossary of Permafrost and Related Ground-Ice Terms (IPA)
3414:
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
2005:
1581:
The American Journal of Science and Arts by B. Silliman
1546:
The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
944:
occurs mostly on the right banks of rivers, and in the
3429:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
1251:
Hektoen International. A Journal of Medical Humanities
1103:
Welche Auffassung der lebenden Natur ist die richtige?
3409:
Founding members of the Russian Geographical Society
3404:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1887:
1881:
1755:. Geological Institute of Hungary. pp. 53â62.
1244:
537:(1846â62). His interests while there were anatomy,
400:, Estonia, where von Baer spent his early childhood
328:
17 February] 1792 â 28 November [
2053:Oppenheimer, Jane (1970). "Baer, Karl Ernst von".
1916:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
1303:. University of California Press. pp. 92â99.
1296:
1221:(in German). Berlin: Akademie Verlag. p. 47.
969:In 1849, he was elected a foreign honorary of the
356:, and is considered a, or the, founding father of
2192:
1867:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 374.
449:by birthright. His patrilineal ancestors were of
3434:German military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
3399:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
3315:
1932:
1381:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1349:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1168:
1016:Before the Estonian conversion to the euro, the
796:Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
654:of the group to which an embryo belongs develop
1865:The labyrinth of time: introducing the universe
1641:"Karl Ernst von Baer (1792â1876) and Evolution"
874:but rejected later in his career the theory of
620:(1828). In 1826, Baer discovered the mammalian
3439:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
3389:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
1519:"Founders of the Russian Geographical Society"
1371:. Archived from the original on 19 March 2008.
1212:
987:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2627:
2178:
1999:
985:. In 1875, he became a foreign member of the
3344:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
1856:
1339:. Archived from the original on 21 May 2006.
682:of a higher animal form never resembles the
314:Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn
2052:
1806:
1290:
1162:
381:, making him one of the most distinguished
2634:
2620:
2185:
2171:
1638:
1466:
1271:
964:
912:force in nature which directed evolution (
891:published in 1869, Charles Darwin added a
116:
1787:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
1656:
1494:
1417:
1186:
973:. He was elected a foreign member of the
643:von Baer formulated what became known as
529:, first in zoology (1834â46) and then in
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1914:"Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer (1792â1876)"
1862:
1837:
1393:
1128:is a title, translated approximately as
1050:
1030:
923:
858:
702:
694:
628:in 1928. In 1827, he completed research
624:. The human ovum was first described by
392:
43:This article includes a list of general
2140:International Conferences on Permafrost
2077:. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1984, Page 6.
1812:
1782:"Book of Members, 1780â2010: Chapter B"
1460:
1171:"An historical look at embryo transfer"
997:A statue honouring him can be found on
618:Ăber Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere
517:in 1826. In 1829, he taught briefly in
3316:
2479:Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
1920:from the original on 18 September 2017
1762:from the original on 18 September 2017
1747:
1317:from the original on 27 September 2012
690:
404:Karl Ernst von Baer was born into the
2615:
2166:
1525:from the original on 11 February 2017
1474:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
977:in 1850. He was the president of the
971:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3424:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1950:from the original on 10 January 2021
1817:. New York: Routledge. p. 331.
1774:
1620:from the original on 24 January 2021
1597:
1578:
1543:
1399:
1238:
849:International Permafrost Association
774:Estonian University of Life Sciences
744:. He was one of the founders of the
168:16 November] 1876 (aged 84)
29:
498:introduced him to the new field of
336:scientist and explorer. Baer was a
16:Baltic German scientist (1792â1876)
13:
3354:Biologists from the Russian Empire
2056:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
2046:
1206:
1007:Zoological Museum in St Petersburg
505:In 1817, he became a professor at
457:. He spent his early childhood at
332:16 November] 1876) was a
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3465:
3349:Explorers from the Russian Empire
2088:
2006:Carl Arvid von Klingspor (1882).
1794:from the original on 25 July 2011
1711:. Nova Science Publishers. p. 7.
1337:"Bibliographic Index â Baer Carl"
1035:Statue of Karl Ernst von Baer on
975:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
527:St Petersburg Academy of Sciences
371:, and the first president of the
3298:
3297:
3017:Mammalian anatomy and morphology
1448:from the original on 24 May 2019
1419:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02105.x
564:
34:
3334:People from VĂ€ike-Maarja Parish
2075:Clinical in Vitro Fertilization
2033:
1981:
1962:
1906:
1831:
1741:
1721:
1701:
1692:
1689:. Preface to the Third Edition.
1673:
1632:
1591:
1572:
1537:
1511:
1434:
919:
630:Ovi Mammalium et Hominis genesi
3369:Recipients of the Copley Medal
1940:"Baer House in Tartu, Estonia"
1842:. Nova Publishers. p. 6.
1731:. p. 100. Peter Lang Pub Inc.
1361:
1329:
1265:
1141:
1116:
720:environments, he was studying
23:. For the Zionist writer, see
1:
3364:Proto-evolutionary biologists
1813:Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (2001).
1727:Jacobsen, Eric Paul. (2005).
1109:
1020:bank note bore his portrait.
983:Russian Entomological Society
979:Estonian Naturalists' Society
804:Melnikov Permafrost Institute
755:from a 116.7 m deep shaft in
584:stage of development and the
569:
467:Imperial University of Dorpat
290:Imperial University of Dorpat
207:Imperial University of Dorpat
1707:Barbieri, Marcello. (2013).
1245:J.M.S. Pearce, M.D. (2010).
1057:Baer Edle von Huthorn family
1028:, was also named after him.
854:
746:Russian Geographical Society
662:General structural relations
369:Russian Geographical Society
302:Russian Geographical Society
7:
2641:
1838:Barbieri, Marcello (2007).
1639:Brauckmann, Sabine (2012).
1369:"Biography Karl Maximovych"
1297:Alexander Vucinich (1988).
831:historian Erki Tammiksaar.
802:. In the Soviet Union, the
298:Russian Academy of Sciences
10:
3470:
3384:University of Tartu alumni
2423:Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
2399:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
2012:. Stockholm. p. 111.
1863:Lockwood, Michael (2005).
1147:Regarding personal names:
1122:Regarding personal names:
573:
360:. He was a member of the
18:
3444:Burials at Raadi cemetery
3293:
3267:
3204:
3179:
3087:
3078:
3005:
2955:
2942:
2868:
2662:
2649:
2201:
1467:Clift D, Schuh M (2013).
1300:Darwin in Russian thought
1169:K. J. Betteridge (1981).
992:
781:Alexander von Middendorff
761:Alexander von Middendorff
645:Baer's laws of embryology
592:and based on the work by
453:origin and originated in
321:
307:
285:
259:
252:
212:
202:
192:
160:
124:
115:
96:
3339:People from Kreis Jerwen
1078:
1072:Carl Arvid von Klingspor
1068:Baltic Coat of arms book
1001:in Tartu, as well as at
888:On the Origin of Species
885:In the fifth edition of
872:transmutation of species
383:Baltic German scientists
324:; 28 February [
294:University of Königsberg
3379:Explorers of the Arctic
2730:Biological anthropology
2367:Julius Robert von Mayer
1974:9 February 2012 at the
1685:29 October 2015 at the
1680:"The Origin of Species"
1213:Karl Clausberg (2006).
965:Awards and distinctions
904:in different organisms.
652:General characteristics
600:theory of development (
388:
64:more precise citations.
2439:James Joseph Sylvester
2255:Michel EugĂšne Chevreul
2215:Alexander von Humboldt
2095:Bibliography and links
1748:Zoltan, Balla (2007).
1075:
1048:
1005:, Estonia, and at the
929:
867:
709:
700:
614:comparative embryology
594:Caspar Friedrich Wolff
590:Heinz Christian Pander
509:and full professor of
477:to aid the city after
435:Governorate of Estonia
401:
367:, a co-founder of the
164:28 November [
144:Governorate of Estonia
128:28 February [
3259:Alfred Russel Wallace
3169:Water vascular system
2543:George Gabriel Stokes
2447:Charles Adolphe Wurtz
2383:Hermann von Helmholtz
2351:Henri Victor Regnault
2231:Johannes Peter MĂŒller
2223:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
2109:3 August 2020 at the
2084:, 1860, VIII, S. 1â6.
2009:Baltisches Wappenbuch
1658:10.1387/ijdb.120018sb
1598:King, Lorenz (2001).
1215:"Karl Ernst von Baer"
1188:10.1530/jrf.0.0620001
1101:Karl Ernst von Baer,
1084:Karl Ernst von Baer,
1054:
1034:
927:
862:
820:University of Giessen
706:
698:
576:Recapitulation theory
507:Königsberg University
396:
219:The discovery of the
3120:Cellular respiration
2527:Stanislao Cannizzaro
2495:Joseph Dalton Hooker
2359:James Prescott Joule
2271:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
2145:5 March 2021 at the
2121:16 June 2013 at the
2099:Max Planck Institute
2073:Wood C, Trounson A.
1993:6 September 2012 at
1086:Gregor von Helmersen
1055:Coat of arms of the
664:are likewise formed
322:ĐĐ°ŃĐ» ĐĐ°ĐșŃĐžÌĐŒĐŸĐČĐžŃ ĐŃŃ
3285:Timeline of zoology
3214:Karl Ernst von Baer
3115:Respiratory pigment
2990:Mineralized tissues
2599:Marcellin Berthelot
2591:John William Strutt
2575:Albert von Kölliker
2503:Thomas Henry Huxley
2487:Franz Ernst Neumann
2335:Karl Ernst von Baer
2247:Henri Milne-Edwards
2133:14 May 2021 at the
1272:Hein, Ants (2009).
1257:(2). Archived from
946:Southern Hemisphere
938:Northern Hemisphere
908:Baer believed in a
837:physio-geographical
772:), now part of the
753:geothermal gradient
691:Permafrost research
636:. Only in 1876 did
596:, he described the
531:comparative anatomy
406:Baltic German noble
365:Academy of Sciences
176:Livonia Governorate
103:Karl Ernst von Baer
3454:Russian scientists
3100:Respiratory system
3088:General physiology
2985:Connective tissues
2343:Charles Wheatstone
2152:Estonian banknotes
1406:Reprod Domest Anim
1076:
1049:
930:
902:perception of time
868:
740:, but also to the
716:in 1837. In these
710:
701:
521:, but returned to
465:(Tallinn) and the
402:
3311:
3310:
3254:Jakob von UexkĂŒll
3200:
3199:
3187:Insect physiology
3080:Animal physiology
3074:
3073:
3066:Insect morphology
2997:Molecular anatomy
2970:Epithelial tissue
2948:Animal morphology
2609:
2608:
2415:James Dwight Dana
2194:Copley Medallists
2082:Kaspische Studien
2066:978-0-684-10114-9
2019:978-0-543-98710-5
1988:KÔik algab munast
1899:978-1-74059-132-4
1874:978-0-19-924995-4
1849:978-1-60021-612-1
1824:978-0-415-25717-6
1737:978-0-8204-7231-7
1717:978-1-60021-612-1
1645:Int. J. Dev. Biol
1310:978-0-520-06283-2
1283:978-9985-62-765-5
1261:on 29 March 2012.
1228:978-3-05-004043-1
893:Historical Sketch
876:natural selection
479:Napoleon's armies
439:LÀÀne-Viru County
428:
417:
311:
310:
254:Scientific career
132:17] 1792
90:
89:
82:
3461:
3301:
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3229:Jean-Henri Fabre
3085:
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2559:Karl Weierstrass
2554:
2551:Edward Frankland
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2394:
2386:
2378:
2375:Friedrich Wöhler
2370:
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1412:(Suppl 4): 2â6.
1397:
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1389:Google Translate
1386:
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1357:Google Translate
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1145:
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1066:of 1749, in the
1065:
959:tea leaf paradox
785:Taimyr Peninsula
658:characteristics.
588:. Together with
513:in 1821, and of
437:(in present-day
422:
411:
323:
244:BaerâBabinet law
120:
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94:
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60:this article by
51:inline citations
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3192:Fish physiology
3175:
3127:Vascular system
3070:
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3001:
2975:Muscular tissue
2946:
2938:
2924:Platyhelminthes
2899:Xenacoelomorpha
2864:
2703:Lepidopterology
2658:
2645:
2640:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2583:William Huggins
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2123:Wayback Machine
2116:Short biography
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1081:
1059:
1045:Walpurgis Night
995:
967:
955:Albert Einstein
951:coriolis effect
922:
857:
732:regions of the
693:
578:
572:
567:
496:Ignaz Döllinger
391:
248:
239:von Baer's laws
230:European Russia
203:Alma mater
188:
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3224:Charles Darwin
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3219:Georges Cuvier
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3063:
3061:Spider anatomy
3058:
3057:
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3046:
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3040:
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3029:
3024:
3013:
3011:
3009:and morphology
3003:
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3000:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Nervous tissue
2977:
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2944:Animal anatomy
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2860:Zooarchaeology
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2718:Orthopterology
2715:
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2698:Coleopterology
2691:
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2675:Arthropodology
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2567:Carl Gegenbaur
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2539:
2535:Rudolf Virchow
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2407:Claude Bernard
2403:
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2331:
2327:Julius PlĂŒcker
2323:
2319:Michel Chasles
2315:
2311:Charles Darwin
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2090:
2089:External links
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2015:
2011:
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1969:Meteo History
1965:
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32:
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26:
22:
3359:Orthogenesis
3213:
3110:Gas exchange
3049:Fish anatomy
3044:Bird anatomy
2904:Ambulacraria
2850:Paleozoology
2845:Parasitology
2764:Batrachology
2745:Ethnozoology
2740:Cnidariology
2334:
2207:Richard Owen
2081:
2074:
2054:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2008:
2001:
1983:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1908:
1889:
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1610:
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1436:
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1299:
1292:
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1267:
1259:the original
1254:
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1200:
1178:
1175:Reproduction
1174:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1132:(denoting a
1129:
1123:
1118:
1105:Berlin, 1862
1102:
1096:Google Books
1089:
1015:
1003:Lasila manor
996:
968:
931:
920:Other topics
914:orthogenesis
910:teleological
907:
892:
886:
884:
878:proposed by
869:
863:
833:
813:
793:
787:and in East-
778:
750:
711:
683:
679:
669:
665:
661:
655:
651:
642:
629:
617:
616:in the book
579:
547:anthropology
504:
459:Lasila manor
403:
398:Lasila manor
313:
312:
286:Institutions
253:
91:
76:
67:
48:
25:Karl M. Baer
3329:1876 deaths
3324:1792 births
3280:Post-Darwin
3157:Capillaries
3095:Respiration
2855:Planktology
2840:Ornithology
2824:Primatology
2780:Ichthyology
2760:Herpetology
2735:Bryozoology
2713:Myrmecology
2708:Melittology
2689:Carcinology
2679:Arachnology
2471:Carl Ludwig
2196:(1851â1900)
1552:: 210â213.
1529:10 February
1321:1 September
1181:(1): 1â13.
1060: [
1022:Baer Island
1011:Baer Museum
949:due to the
742:Caspian Sea
722:periglacial
626:Edgar Allen
543:ethnography
539:ichthyology
451:Westphalian
409:Baer family
276:meteorology
234:Scandinavia
193:Nationality
62:introducing
3318:Categories
3275:Pre-Darwin
3249:Thomas Say
3206:Zoologists
3180:By species
2919:Arthropoda
2884:Ctenophora
2830:Nematology
2814:Felinology
2794:Teuthology
2789:Conchology
2785:Malacology
2694:Entomology
1924:26 January
1587:: 210â212.
1452:2 February
1110:References
1037:Toome Hill
999:Toome Hill
934:Baer's law
841:geological
734:North Cape
726:permafrost
724:features,
598:germ layer
574:See also:
570:Embryology
535:physiology
523:Königsberg
500:embryology
420:Piep Manor
358:embryology
354:geographer
338:naturalist
268:embryology
228:Exploring
45:references
3105:Breathing
2957:Histology
2819:Hippology
2800:Mammalogy
2769:Ophiology
2683:Acarology
1954:8 January
1613:: 1â315.
932:The term
855:Evolution
845:floristic
824:facsimile
730:subarctic
668:the most
586:notochord
551:geography
455:OsnabrĂŒck
346:geologist
342:biologist
280:geography
3303:Category
3147:Arteries
3032:Elephant
3007:Anatomy
2934:Annelida
2929:Mollusca
2909:Chordata
2894:Cnidaria
2889:Placozoa
2879:Porifera
2809:Cynology
2804:Cetology
2750:Ethology
2663:Branches
2143:Archived
2131:Archived
2119:Archived
2107:Archived
2025:15 April
1991:Archived
1972:Archived
1948:Archived
1918:Archived
1789:Archived
1757:Archived
1683:Archived
1667:23319342
1624:27 March
1615:Archived
1523:Archived
1505:23942453
1446:Archived
1444:(jpeg).
1428:22827343
1377:cite web
1345:cite web
1315:Archived
1074:in 1882.
829:Estonian
816:archives
800:Cold War
670:specific
610:endoderm
606:mesoderm
602:ectoderm
582:blastula
494:, where
492:WĂŒrzburg
445:), as a
224:egg cell
108:ForMemRS
21:Karl BĂ€r
3268:History
2965:Tissues
2654:Outline
2643:Zoology
1978:, 2004.
1566:1797797
1496:4021448
1197:7014855
1018:2-kroon
942:erosion
818:of the
808:Yakutsk
789:Siberia
770:Estonia
757:Yakutsk
738:Lapland
708:(1998).
672:appear.
515:anatomy
511:zoology
443:Estonia
418:in the
379:Society
373:Russian
362:Russian
318:Russian
272:geology
264:Biology
185:Estonia
153:Estonia
58:improve
2872:groups
2870:Animal
2601:(1900)
2593:(1899)
2585:(1898)
2577:(1897)
2569:(1896)
2561:(1895)
2553:(1894)
2545:(1893)
2537:(1892)
2529:(1891)
2521:(1890)
2513:(1889)
2505:(1888)
2497:(1887)
2489:(1886)
2481:(1885)
2473:(1884)
2465:(1883)
2457:(1882)
2449:(1881)
2441:(1880)
2433:(1879)
2425:(1878)
2417:(1877)
2409:(1876)
2401:(1875)
2393:(1874)
2385:(1873)
2377:(1872)
2369:(1871)
2361:(1870)
2353:(1869)
2345:(1868)
2337:(1867)
2329:(1866)
2321:(1865)
2313:(1864)
2305:(1863)
2297:(1862)
2289:(1861)
2281:(1860)
2273:(1859)
2265:(1858)
2257:(1857)
2249:(1856)
2241:(1855)
2233:(1854)
2225:(1853)
2217:(1852)
2209:(1851)
2063:
2016:
1896:
1871:
1846:
1821:
1766:16 May
1735:
1715:
1665:
1564:
1503:
1493:
1426:
1307:
1280:
1225:
1195:
1135:Knight
1125:Ritter
993:Legacy
866:, 1863
718:arctic
680:embryo
666:before
608:, and
549:, and
490:, and
488:Vienna
484:Berlin
447:knight
260:Fields
221:mammal
172:Dorpat
99:Ritter
47:, but
3164:Heart
3152:Veins
3137:Lymph
3132:Blood
3022:Human
1798:5 May
1792:(PDF)
1785:(PDF)
1760:(PDF)
1753:(PDF)
1618:(PDF)
1603:(PDF)
1562:JSTOR
1150:Edler
1079:Works
1064:]
1041:Tartu
766:Tartu
684:adult
471:Tartu
463:Reval
183:(now
151:(now
2061:ISBN
2027:2019
2014:ISBN
1956:2021
1926:2016
1894:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1800:2011
1768:2017
1733:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1663:PMID
1626:2021
1531:2017
1501:PMID
1454:2015
1424:PMID
1387:via
1383:link
1355:via
1351:link
1323:2011
1305:ISBN
1278:ISBN
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1193:PMID
1156:Edle
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736:and
678:The
622:ovum
533:and
475:Riga
389:Life
330:O.S.
326:O.S.
232:and
166:O.S.
161:Died
136:Piep
130:O.S.
125:Born
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