1381:
1074:
188:
22:
528:
512:
1155:
1412:
1040:
1133:
1206:
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214:. Archeological finds from Karelia are relatively rare between the years 400–800. From the Merovingian period onwards finds from Karelia display a distinct features of West Finnish influences which has been interpreted to result at least partly from a colonisation. The mixing of western Finnish settlers with the local population led to the creation of the
720:
The arms is crowned by a ducal coronet, though by
Finnish tradition this more resembles a Swedish count's coronet. The symbolism of the coat of arms is supposed to represent how the region was fought over by Sweden and Russia for centuries. Blazon: "Gules, in center chief a crown or above two
241:, only one archeological discovery from this time period has been found, dating to the eighth century. The considerably higher number of archeological discoveries in these regions from AD 800 to AD 1050 indicates that the Karelian population grew and expanded rapidly during this time.
590:), representing a "purer" Finnish culture than that of Southern and Western Finland, which had been for thousands of years in more contact with (or "contaminated by")
1018:
1434:
252:
are known from
Karelia. According to archeological record and historical data most of the hillforts in Karelia were erected between 1100 and 1323. Particular
721:
duelling arms, the dexter armored holding a sword and the sinister chain-mail armored with a scimitar, all argent except for hafts and gauntlet joint or".
536:
516:
192:
706:
Other than Finns, the historical province of
Karelia also had Russian speakers living on the territory. The Russian name for the province is Карелия.
279:. The 15th and 16th centuries saw the River Kymi become a more official border between the Tavastians and the Karelians, with Naulasaari (located in
290:
During the 12th and 13th century, Karelians fought against Swedes and other Finnic tribes situated in western
Finland, such as Tavastians and
1011:
346:. The fort was destroyed the following year by the Novgorodians. Indecisive fighting in 1321 and 1322 led to negotiations and peace by the
321:
took place between 1293 and 1295. As a result of the crusade the western parts of
Karelia fell under Swedish rule and the building of the
183:
Historical
Finnish Karelia (territory in modern-day Finland shown in dark blue, territory in modern-day Russia shown in lighter blue)
1478:
1128:
1004:
294:. Karelians were listed as Novgorodian allies in the mid-12th century in Russian Chronicles. Historical records describe Karelians
715:
233:, the number of archeological discoveries from this time period is lower, though permanent inhabitation was nonetheless present.
26:
977:
570:
borders, was by and large similar to that of
Eastern Karelia, or Russian Karelia. Karelians live, and did even more so before
795:
766:
939:
1035:
338:
Hostilities between
Novgorod and the kingdom of Sweden continued in 1300 when a Swedish force attacked the mouth of the
1150:
410:
1201:
1027:
45:
1297:
1380:
1376:
1267:
390:
127:
1073:
965:
444:
of 1941–44, most of the ceded area was liberated by
Finnish troops, but in 1944 was occupied again by the
1473:
210:
which is a fishing net of willow bast. The number of finds from the area is lower towards the end of the
402:
394:
350:
which for the first time decided the border between Sweden and
Novgorod. Sweden got territory around
332:
895:
307:
221:
Archeological evidence indicates that Karelian inhabitation was highest along the western shore of
1039:
452:
were made into the Province of Kymi. In 1997 the province was incorporated within the province of
1154:
468:
417:
of 1743. After the conquest in 1809 of the rest of Finland, Russia's 18th century gains, called "
229:, with multiple cemeteries and other archeological discoveries dating from AD 600 to AD 800. In
422:
578:, also in vast areas east of Finland (in Eastern Karelia, not marked on the map above), where
187:
1168:
311:
347:
21:
1411:
1163:
904:
890:
527:
267:
formed a boundary between the eastern and western cultural spheres by the beginning of the
110:. The term "Finnish Karelia" refers specifically to the historical Finnish province, while
1132:
8:
1483:
689:
511:
464:
449:
327:
1310:
908:
1245:
1184:
1178:
928:
295:
174:
1205:
467:, was religiously and politically distinct from the eastern parts that were under the
1365:
1301:
1256:
1237:
1141:
1048:
987:
Visitkarelia.fi – Information about travel, tourism and other fields in North Karelia
920:
791:
762:
696:
679:
640:
566:
The traditional culture of "Ladoga-Karelia", or Finnish Karelia according to the pre-
563:, earlier also in some of the territories Finland ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944.
552:
457:
299:
158:
131:
1190:
974:
912:
815:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. pp. 45 and 72.
673:
669:
615:
591:
482:
453:
441:
426:
398:
389:(eastern Karelian Isthmus, Ladoga Karelia, and North Karelia) from Russia. In 1634
363:
355:
343:
322:
226:
93:
77:
61:
37:
996:
957:
414:
237:, South Karelia has been continuously inhabited for approximately 2,000 years. In
1321:
1229:
981:
969:
625:
318:
284:
106:
may also refer to the region as a whole, including the portion of Karelia within
845:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistykse aikakausikirja 104. pp. 166–171.
1271:
645:
406:
386:
257:
57:
665:
1467:
1449:
1436:
1087:
1082:
992:
Pielis.ru – travel information about North Karelia region and City of Joensuu
924:
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460:
refers to the debate regarding the return of the ceded territory to Finland.
375:
359:
238:
230:
150:
139:
135:
114:
or "Russian Karelia" refers to the portion of Karelia within Russia. Finland
53:
49:
1315:
875:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. p. 118.
409:
were ceded to Russia. The rest of these counties were incorporated into the
280:
97:
975:
Genocide in Soviet Karelia: Stalin's Terror and the Finns of Soviet Karelia
860:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. p. 16.
583:
575:
560:
433:
379:
291:
264:
154:
119:
111:
73:
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89:
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418:
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162:
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440:, when the new border was established close to that of 1721. During the
1354:
1338:
1287:
1281:
1117:
1109:
951:
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742:. Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. pp. 102–113.
655:
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629:
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413:. The southeastern part of this county was also ceded to Russia in the
339:
272:
268:
207:
203:
123:
85:
586:
during the 19th century was in the center of the Finns' interest (see
283:) serving as the meeting point of the borders between the Häme Finns,
142:, as well as the still-surviving evacuees from the ceded territories.
1346:
1220:
1214:
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556:
215:
211:
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on the site of a destroyed Karelian fort started. According to the
303:
298:
in Sweden in 1187 and making another expedition in 1257 which lead
249:
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1420:
1407:
179:
1389:
830:. Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. p. 83.
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115:
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Some notable regions within the Region of Finnish Karelia are:
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at the latest and is also said to be the boundary between the
260:
culture flourished approximately between the years 1000–1400.
202:
First indications of human settlement in Karelia are from the
153:
influence, religiously and politically, and was separate from
81:
432:
A large part of Finnish Karelia was ceded by Finland to the
515:
Drawing of a Karelian Iron Age knife with a sheath made by
206:. The oldest find from the area is the over 9000 years old
986:
668:, born in Viipuri, Törni was a soldier and winner of the
991:
893:(1952). "Finnish Karelia: An International Borderland".
676:, who later served with the German and American armies.
68:. Historical Karelia also extends to the regions of
1026:
48:, consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of
474:
436:in 1940 after the Soviet aggression known as the
393:and old Swedish Karelia were incorporated in the
1465:
195:made in 1893, which he had excavated earlier in
790:: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. pp. 170–171, 192.
555:. Confusingly, the same name is used also of a
781:
752:
342:and built a fort near the current location of
1012:
519:in 1893 illustrating the one he excavated in
191:Drawing of Karelian Iron Age sword hilts by
761:: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. pp. 186, 188.
1019:
1005:
557:closely related but distinct ethnic group
526:
510:
186:
178:
130:re-settled in various parts of Finland.
20:
716:Coat of arms of the Province of Karelia
161:and its many successor states from the
134:include the present-day inhabitants of
1466:
1000:
782:Paasikivi, Jyrki; Talka, Anu (2018).
753:Paasikivi, Jyrki; Talka, Anu (2018).
889:
870:
855:
840:
825:
810:
737:
547:provinces historically belonging to
448:. After the war, the remains of the
306:against Karelians at the request of
118:a portion of Finnish Karelia to the
784:Rajamaa - Etelä Karjalan Historia I
755:Rajamaa - Etelä Karjalan Historia I
335:from Karelians during the crusade.
128:evacuees from the ceded territories
13:
14:
1495:
883:
463:Western Karelia, as a historical
1410:
1379:
1300:
1270:
1204:
1153:
1131:
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1038:
1479:Historical provinces of Finland
1028:Historical provinces of Finland
940:Saimaa Canal links two Karelias
425:as a gesture of good will (see
362:; and Novgorod got the eastern
56:plus the historical regions of
864:
849:
834:
819:
804:
775:
746:
731:
475:Regions within Finnish Karelia
421:", were in 1812 joined to the
411:KymmenegĂĄrd and Nyslott County
126:of 1939–40. More than 400,000
46:historical province of Finland
16:Historical province of Finland
1:
724:
401:in 1721 eastern parts of the
331:invading Swedes conquered 14
275:and the Karelians during the
256:including axes, brooches and
157:, which was dominated by the
535:silver penannular brooch by
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10:
1500:
1345:southern and southwestern
713:
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403:Viborg and Nyslott County
395:Viborg and Nyslott County
896:The Geographical Journal
701:
149:historically came under
980:9 December 2020 at the
469:Russian Orthodox Church
385:In 1617, Sweden seized
27:coat of arms of Karelia
968:8 October 2012 at the
598:culture, of which the
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531:Drawing of a Karelian
524:
423:Grand Duchy of Finland
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41:
30:
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312:Third Swedish crusade
244:At least 50 sites of
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24:
1164:Central Ostrobothnia
954:– Flags of the World
871:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
856:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
841:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
826:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
811:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
738:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
628:, sniper during the
29:, first used in 1562
1450:61.8792°N 30.1136°E
1446: /
909:1952GeogJ.118...40M
690:Johannes Virolainen
543:The inhabitants of
450:Province of Viipuri
248:settlements and 40
64:, which are now in
1474:History of Karelia
1246:South Ostrobothnia
1185:South Ostrobothnia
1179:North Ostrobothnia
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465:Province of Sweden
348:Treaty of Nöteborg
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175:History of Karelia
31:
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1366:Southwest Finland
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1353:southwesternmost
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1238:Southwest Finland
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1049:Southwest Finland
942:– This is Finland
797:978-951-37-7468-4
768:978-951-37-7468-4
697:List of Karelians
680:Riitta Uosukainen
641:Aarne Juutilainen
606:are expressions.
559:living mostly in
458:Karelian question
300:Pope Alexander IV
296:pillaging Sigtuna
287:, and Karelians.
204:Mesolithic period
159:Novgorod Republic
132:Finnish Karelians
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1455:61.8792; 30.1136
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454:Southern Finland
442:Continuation War
427:Viipuri Province
399:Treaty of Nystad
364:Karelian Isthmus
356:Karelian Isthmus
344:Saint Petersburg
328:Eric's Chronicle
323:Castle of Viborg
319:Torgils Knutsson
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917:10.2307/1791235
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884:External links
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786:(in Finnish).
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372:Ladoga Karelia
354:, the western
302:to call out a
218:ethnic group.
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39:
35:
28:
23:
19:
1431:
1337:westernmost
1228:westernmost
1169:Ostrobothnia
1151:Ostrobothnia
1108:easternmost
1069:
903:(1): 40–54.
900:
894:
872:
866:
857:
851:
842:
836:
827:
821:
812:
806:
783:
777:
754:
748:
739:
733:
719:
705:
694:
602:and Finnish
596:Scandinavian
584:architecture
576:Great Purges
565:
561:East Karelia
542:
499:
493:
487:
485:(1812–1944)
481:
478:
462:
434:Soviet Union
431:
397:. After the
384:
380:East Karelia
337:
326:
292:Finns proper
289:
262:
253:
243:
220:
201:
155:East Karelia
144:
120:Soviet Union
112:East Karelia
102:
33:
32:
18:
1453: /
1397:Kymenlaakso
1331:Kymenlaakso
1311:Päijät-Häme
1102:Kymenlaakso
1093:Old Finland
891:Mead, W. R.
672:during the
666:Lauri Törni
661:Aaro Pajari
636:Ansa Ikonen
604:Art Nouveau
588:Karelianism
489:Kymenlaakso
419:Old Finland
277:Middle Ages
223:Lake Ladoga
163:Middle Ages
70:Kymenlaakso
1484:Winter War
1468:Categories
1441:30°06′49″E
1438:61°52′45″N
1355:South Savo
1339:North Savo
1316:Kanta-Häme
1288:South Savo
1282:North Savo
1118:South Savo
1110:North Savo
963:ProKarelia
725:References
656:Masa Niemi
651:Veijo Meri
630:Winter War
626:Simo Häyhä
568:Winter War
438:Winter War
340:River Neva
281:Mäntyharju
273:Tavastians
269:Bronze Age
265:River Kymi
258:ornamental
208:Antrea Net
124:Winter War
122:after the
98:Mäntyharju
86:Rautavaara
74:River Kymi
1347:Pirkanmaa
1221:Pirkanmaa
1215:Satakunta
1202:Satakunta
1140:northern
948:– Heninen
925:1475-4959
695:See also
572:Stalinism
553:Karelians
523:, Karelia
521:Käkisalmi
285:Savonians
250:hillforts
212:Stone Age
197:Käkisalmi
165:onwards.
90:Säyneinen
1298:Tavastia
1100:eastern
1052:(except
978:Archived
966:Archived
710:Heraldry
600:Kalevala
592:Germanic
580:folklore
574:and the
545:Karelian
533:Iron Age
503:(1917–)
497:(1917–)
491:(1917–)
446:Red Army
405:and the
333:hundreds
308:Valdemar
246:Iron Age
225:and the
216:Karelian
145:Finnish
60:and the
1390:Uusimaa
1377:Uusimaa
1268:Savonia
1142:Lapland
1129:Laponia
1070:Karelia
933:1791235
905:Bibcode
549:Finland
539:in 1893
507:Culture
391:Savonia
316:marshal
304:crusade
169:History
151:western
147:Karelia
104:Karelia
44:) is a
42:Karjala
38:Finnish
34:Karelia
1362:Somero
1253:Loimaa
1174:Kainuu
1058:Somero
1054:Loimaa
931:
923:
794:
788:Keuruu
765:
759:Keuruu
610:People
456:. The
368:Ingria
352:Viborg
235:Lappee
108:Russia
92:) and
66:Russia
1421:Ă…land
1408:Ă…land
929:JSTOR
702:Names
116:ceded
82:Kaavi
1056:and
952:Flag
921:ISSN
792:ISBN
763:ISBN
594:and
378:and
358:and
263:The
138:and
88:and
52:and
25:The
1364:of
1255:of
913:doi
901:118
429:).
382:.
100:).
76:),
1470::
927:.
919:.
911:.
899:.
471:.
374:,
370:,
366:,
84:,
40::
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
935:.
915::
907::
800:.
771:.
632:.
96:(
80:(
36:(
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