Karate - Knowledge

2982:). He interpreted the "kara" of Karate-dō to mean "to purge oneself of selfish and evil thoughts ... for only with a clear mind and conscience can the practitioner understand the knowledge which he receives." Funakoshi believed that one should be "inwardly humble and outwardly gentle." Only by behaving humbly can one be open to Karate's many lessons. This is done by listening and being receptive to criticism. He considered courtesy of prime importance. He said that "Karate is properly applied only in those rare situations in which one really must either down another or be downed by him." Funakoshi did not consider it unusual for a devotee to use Karate in a real physical confrontation no more than perhaps once in a lifetime. He stated that Karate practitioners must "never be easily drawn into a fight." It is understood that one blow from a real expert could mean death. It is clear that those who misuse what they have learned bring dishonor upon themselves. He promoted the character trait of personal conviction. In "time of grave public crisis, one must have the courage ... to face a million and one opponents." He taught that indecisiveness is a weakness. 2809: 3612:, formerly the JKA chief instructor in Europe, who along with Hiroshi Shirai created the World Shotokan Karate-do Academy (WKSA), in 1989 to pursue the teaching of "Budo" karate as opposed to what he viewed as "sport karate". Kase sought to return the practice of Shotokan Karate to its martial roots, reintroducing among other things open hand and throwing techniques that had been side lined as the result of competition rules introduced by the JKA. Both the ESA and the WKSA (renamed the Kase-Ha Shotokan-Ryu Karate-do Academy (KSKA) after Kase's death in 2004) continue following this path today. In 1975, Great Britain became the first team ever to take the World male team title from Japan after being defeated the previous year in the final. 1313:

stated, "(1) The possession of guns is prohibited. (2) The possession of weapons owned privately by princes, three magistrates, and samurai is permitted. (3) Weapons must be repaired in Satsuma through the magistrate's office of Satsuma. (4) Swords must be reported to the magistrate's office of Satsuma for approval." It did not prohibit the possession of weapons (except guns) or even their practice. In fact, even after subjugation to the Satsuma Domain, a number of Ryukyuan masters of swordsmanship, spearmanship, archery, and other arts are known. Therefore, some researchers criticize the theory that karate developed due to the policy of banning weapons as "a rumor on the street with no basis at all."

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international level. Tournaments are designed to match members of opposing schools or styles against one another in kata, sparring and weapons demonstration. They are often separated by age, rank and sex with potentially different rules or standards based on these factors. The tournament may be exclusively for members of a particular style (closed) or one in which any martial artist from any style may participate within the rules of the tournament (open).

3510:(1927–1987) a 3rd Dan Yoseikan under Minoru Mochizuki and 1st Dan of the JKA, who arrived in England in July 1959. In 1959, Frederick Gille set up the Liverpool branch of the British Karate Federation, which was officially recognised in 1961. The Liverpool branch was based at Harold House Jewish Boys Club in Chatham Street before relocating to the YMCA in Everton where it became known as the Red Triangle. One of the early members of this branch was 11260: 9840: 9281: 1663: 11270: 2144: 1287: 1299:(1476–1526; r. 1477–1527), when weapons were collected from all over the country and strictly controlled by the royal government. The second time was after the invasion of Ryukyu by the Satsuma Domain in 1609. Through the two policies, the popular belief that Ryukyuan samurai, who were deprived of their weapons, developed karate to compete with Satsuma's samurai has traditionally been referred to as if it were a historical fact. 1884: 3649: 2437: 163: 1309:, 1509), which states that "swords, bows and arrows are to be piled up exclusively as weapons of national defense," has been conventionally interpreted as meaning "weapons were collected and sealed in a warehouse." However, in recent years, researchers of Okinawan studies have pointed out that the correct interpretation is that "swords, bows and arrows were collected and used as weapons of the state." 1839: 88: 1710:" in Japanese) which are simplified kata for beginning students. In 1905, Itosu helped to get karate introduced into Okinawa's public schools. These forms were taught to children at the elementary school level. Itosu's influence in karate is broad. The forms he created are common across nearly all styles of karate. His students became some of the most well-known karate masters, including 2879: 3506:, thus the Yoseikan style was heavily influenced by Shotokan. Bell began teaching in the tennis courts of his parents' back garden in Ilford, Essex and his group was to become the British Karate Federation. On 19 July 1957, Vietnamese Hoang Nam 3rd Dan, billed as "Karate champion of Indo China", was invited to teach by Bell at Maybush Road, but the first instructor from Japan was 3450:, one of the original instructors sent by the JKA to Europe along with Kase, Enoeda and Kanazawa, moved to Italy in 1965 and quickly established a Shotokan enclave that spawned several instructors who in their turn soon spread the style all over the country. By 1970 Shotokan karate was the most spread martial art in Italy apart from Judo. Other styles such as 2887: 1640:. Funakoshi writes, "In the early modern era, when China was highly revered, many martial artists traveled to China to practice Chinese kenpo, and added it to the ancient kenpo, the so-called 'Okinawa-te'. After further study, they discarded the disadvantages of both, adopted their advantages, and added more subtlety, and karate was born." 3372:. Failing to suppress these uncontrolled groups, the USSR's Sport Committee formed the Karate Federation of USSR in December 1978. On 17 May 1984, the Soviet Karate Federation was disbanded and all karate became illegal again. In 1989, karate practice became legal again, but under strict government regulations, only after the 2697:). Competitors may enter either as individuals or as part of a team. Evaluation for kata and kobudō is performed by a panel of judges, whereas sparring is judged by a head referee, usually with assistant referees at the side of the sparring area. Sparring matches are typically divided by weight, age, gender, and experience. 3129:

America. In 1979, Otsuka publicly promoted Shintani to hachidan (8th dan) and privately gave him a kudan certificate (9th dan), which was revealed by Shintani in 1995. Shintani and Otsuka visited each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in 1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death. Shintani died 7 May 2000.

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WKF only allows membership through one national organization/federation per country to which clubs may join. The World Union of Karate-do Federations (WUKF) offers different styles and federations a world body they may join, without having to compromise their style or size. The WUKF accepts more than

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Kihon means basics and these form the base for everything else in the style including stances, strikes, punches, kicks and blocks. Karate styles place varying importance on kihon. Typically this is training in unison of a technique or a combination of techniques by a group of karateka. Kihon may also

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Karate is divided into style organizations. These organizations sometimes cooperate in non-style specific sport karate organizations or federations. Examples of sport organizations include AAKF/ITKF, AOK, TKL, AKA, WKF, NWUKO, WUKF and WKC. Organizations hold competitions (tournaments) from local to

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In free sparring (Jiyu Kumite), the two participants have a free choice of scoring techniques. The allowed techniques and contact level are primarily determined by sport or style organization policy, but might be modified according to the age, rank and sex of the participants. Depending upon style,

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In 1935, Funakoshi changed the names of many kata and karate itself. Funakoshi's motivation was that the names of many of the traditional kata were unintelligible, and that it would be inappropriate to use the Chinese style names to teach karate as a Japanese martial art. He also said that the kata

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uses a variety of martial arts styles. Neo's skill in martial arts was shown having downloaded into his brain, which granted combat abilities equivalent to a martial artist with decades of experience. Kenpo Karate is one of the many styles Neo learns as part of his computerised combat training. As

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in the early 20th century, the influence of karate in Korea is a contentious issue. From 1910 until 1945, Korea was annexed by the Japanese Empire. It was during this time that many of the Korean martial arts masters of the 20th century were exposed to Japanese karate. After regaining independence

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Minimum age and time in rank are factors affecting promotion. Testing consists of demonstration of techniques before a panel of examiners or senseis. This will vary by school, but testing may include everything learned at that point, or just new information. The demonstration is an application for

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The Chinese origins of karate were increasingly viewed with suspicion due to rising tensions between China and Japan and as well as the looming threat of a full-scale war between the two countries. In 1933, the Japanese character for karate was altered to a homophone— a word pronounced identically

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Despite the early adoption of Shotokan in the UK, it was not until 1964 that JKA Shotokan officially came to the UK. Bell had been corresponding with the JKA in Tokyo asking for his grades to be ratified in Shotokan having apparently learnt that Murakami was not a designated representative of the

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In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in Hamilton. In 1966, he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation. During the 1970s Otsuka appointed Shintani the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai in North

484:, its cultural ties to China remained strong. Since Okinawans were banned from carrying swords under samurai rule, clandestine groups of young aristocrats created unarmed combat methods as a form of resistance, combining local and Chinese styles. This blend of martial arts became known as kara-te 2278:

for kumite) allowing all kinds of techniques (strikes, choke holds, joint locks, etc.) but in a controlled manner to not injure the opponent when aiming to vital areas. Despite sparring was originally an unnoticed form of practice for senior students, there were no "contests" until Western-style

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in Fujian and stayed there for six months to a year and a half. Government-funded and privately funded foreign students were also sent to study in Beijing or Fuzhou for several years. Some of these envoys and students studied Chinese martial arts in China. The styles of Chinese martial arts they

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It is also known that the policy of banning weapons (a 1613 notice to the Ryukyu royal government), which is said to have been implemented by the Satsuma Domain, only prohibited the carrying of swords and other weapons, but not their possession, and was a relatively lax regulation. This notice

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began studying karate under Shotokan's founder, Gichin Funakoshi, while a student at Waseda University, beginning in 1948. In 1957, Ohshima received his godan (fifth-degree black belt), the highest rank awarded by Funakoshi. He founded the first university karate club in the United States at

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to be considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics; and in June 2016, the executive board of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that they would support the proposal to include all of the shortlisted sports in the 2020 Games. Finally, on 3 August 2016, all five sports

2451::かた) means literally "shape" or "model." Kata is a formalized sequence of movements which represent various offensive and defensive postures. These postures are based on idealized combat applications. The applications when applied in a demonstration with real opponents is referred to as a 2922:, 10th Kyū or Jukyū) and progress toward a lower numbered kyū. The Dan progression continues from 1st Dan (Shodan, or 'beginning dan') to the higher dan grades. Kyū-grade karateka are referred to as "color belt" or mudansha ("ones without dan/rank"). Dan-grade karateka are referred to as 3632:, under the World Karate Federation, was first introduced in 1970. In 1972 Frank Novak became the first fully qualified Shotokan instructor to arrive in Australia and teach in the country, establishing the first Shotokan Karate dojo in Australia. At karate's debut in the Olympics at the 2724:(full contact with protective shielding of targets) rules are used in the World Koshiki Karate-Do Federation organization. Shinkaratedo Federation use boxing gloves. Within the United States, rules may be under the jurisdiction of state sports authorities, such as the boxing commission. 1302:

But in recent years many researchers have questioned the causal relationship between the policy of banning weapons and the development of karate. For example, as the basis for King Shō Shin's policy of banning weapons, an inscription on the parapet of the main hall of Shuri Castle

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Karate spread rapidly in the West through popular culture. In 1950s popular fiction, karate was at times described to readers in near-mythical terms, and it was credible to show Western experts of unarmed combat as unaware of Eastern martial arts of this kind. Following the

539:, such as the training uniforms, colored belts, and ranking systems. Karate's popularity was initially sluggish with little exposition but when a magazine reported a story about Motobu defeating a foreign boxer in Kyoto, Karate rapidly became well known throughout Japan. 3097:

Karate began in Canada in the 1930s and 1940s as Japanese people immigrated to the country. Karate was practised quietly without a large amount of organization. During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadian families were moved to the interior of British Columbia.

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On 25 October 1936, a roundtable meeting of karate masters was held in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, where it was officially decided to change the name of karate from karate (Tang hand) to karate (empty hand). In attendance were Chōmo Hanashiro, Chōki Motobu, Chōtoku Kyan,

2930:. Normally, the first five to six dans are given by examination by superior dan holders, while the subsequent (7 and up) are honorary, given for special merits and/or age reached. Requirements of rank differ among styles, organizations, and schools. Kyū ranks stress 1906:

In 1922, Funakoshi published the first book on karate, and in 1926 Motobu published the first technical book on kumite. As karate's popularity grew, karate clubs were established one after another in Japanese universities with Funakoshi and Motobu as instructors.

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and a committee of Korean masters. Choi, a significant figure in taekwondo history, had also studied karate under Funakoshi. Karate also provided an important comparative model for the early founders of taekwondo in the formalization of their art including

1228:(now Kume, Naha City) in Naha from Fujian Province in the Ming Dynasty at that time. They brought with them advanced learning and skills to Ryukyu, and there is a theory that Chinese kenpō, the origin of karate, was also brought to Ryukyu at this time. 523:) who had been the bearers of karate lost their privileged position, and with it, karate was in danger of losing transmission. However, karate gradually regained popularity after 1905, when it began to be taught in schools in Okinawa. During the 2128:

had to be simplified to spread karate as a form of physical education, so some of the kata were modified. He always referred to what he taught as simply karate, but in 1936 he built a dōjō in Tokyo and the style he left behind is usually called

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in Japanese – to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style. After World War II, Okinawa became (1945) an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there. The

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Chapter 9 covers Motobu-ryu and Bugeikan, two 'ti' styles with grappling and vital point striking techniques. Page 165, Seitoku Higa: "Use pressure on vital points, wrist locks, grappling, strikes and kicks in a gentle manner to neutralize an

3368:'s policy of improved international relations. The first Shotokan clubs were opened in Moscow's universities. In 1973, however, the government banned karate—together with all other foreign martial arts—endorsing only the Soviet martial art of 492:, which translates to "Chinese hand." Initially, there were no uniforms, colored belts, ranking systems, or standardized styles. Training emphasized self-discipline. Many elements essential to karate were actually incorporated a century ago. 2836:. During this debut of Karate in the Summer Olympics, sixty competitors from around the world competed in the Kumite competition, and twenty competed in the Kata competition. In September 2015, karate was included in a shortlist along with 1294:

The reason for the development of unarmed combat techniques in Ryukyu has conventionally been attributed to a policy of banning weapons, which is said to have been implemented on two occasions. The first was during the reign of King

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To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level. The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used. Requirements for examinations vary among schools.

2309:, who said, "The karate you do cannot be understood from kata alone, so why don't you try a little more so that the general public can understand it?" Against the backdrop of these complaints and criticisms, young people such as 2321:. However, because this notice did not include the word "karate," it was interpreted by the Ministry of Education that karate was not prohibited, and karate was able to resume its activities earlier than other martial arts. 3553:

JKA. The JKA obliged, and without enforcing a grading on Bell, ratified his black belt on 5 February 1964, though he had to relinquish his Yoseikan grade. Bell requested a visitation from JKA instructors and the next year

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because they adopted sparring after having learned it in Tokyo. In the early 1930s, pre-arranged sparring was introduced and developed, and finally a few years later free sparring was permitted for Shotokan students.

3608:. An earlier significant split from the KUGB took place in 1991 when a group led by KUGB senior instructor Steve Cattle formed the English Shotokan Academy (ESA). The aim of this group was to follow the teachings of 3728:

During the late 20th century, specifically during the 80s and 90s, karate saw a rise in mainstream popularity. America in the 80s took hold of the martial arts craze and began to produce more homegrown films in the

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Sōryo Tsūshin (monk Tsūshin), active during the reign of King Shō Kei, was a monk who went to the Qing Dynasty to study Chinese martial arts and was reportedly one of the best martial artists of his time in Ryukyu.

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In the 1950s and 1960s, several Japanese karate masters began to teach the art in Europe, but it was not until 1965 that the Japan Karate Association (JKA) sent to Europe four well-trained young Karate instructors

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Karate is divided into many styles, each with their different training methods, focuses, and cultures; though they mainly originate from the historical Okinawan parent styles of Naha-te, Tomari-te and Shuri-te.

2386:(attitude) such as perseverance, fearlessness, virtue, and leadership skills. Sport karate places emphasis on exercise and competition. Weapons are an important training activity in some styles of karate. 2491:

in Karate is called kumite (組手:くみて). It literally means "meeting of hands." Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training. Levels of physical contact during sparring vary considerably.

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and Konishi devised their own kumite and kumite matches, which are the prototypes of today's kumite. Motobu's emphasis on kumite attracted Ōtsuka and Konishi, who later studied Okinawan kumite under him.

1585:(1786–1867), who was nicknamed "Tōde Sakugawa." Sakugawa was a samurai from Shuri who traveled to Qing China to learn Chinese martial arts. The martial arts he mastered were new and different from te. As 8529: 6397: 3604:. Kanazawa left the UK after 3 years and Enoeda took over. After Enoeda's death in 2003, the KUGB elected Andy Sherry as Chief Instructor. Shortly after this, a new association split off from KUGB, 3008:

explained that the notion of different variations of karate came from outsiders. During karate popularization in mainland Japan, it was spread the idea that karate was divided into two branches:

2680:(IOC) as being responsible for karate competition in the Olympic Games. The WKF has developed common rules governing all styles. The national WKF organizations coordinate with their respective 375: 7700: 2317:

After World War II, karate activities were temporarily stalled due to the "Notice Banning Judo, Kendo, and Other Martial Arts" issued by the Ministry of Education under the directive of the

1497:(Okinawan:Kūsankū). It is believed that Kōshōkun may have been a military officer on a mission from Qing that visited Ryukyu in 1756, and some believe that karate originated with Kōshōkun. 3725:

is exceptionally skillful in martial arts. He is an expert in various types of martial arts including Karate, as well as Judo, Aikido, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Filipino Eskrima and Krav Maga.

971:, and this terminology was later popularized, especially in Tokyo. There is also a theory that the background for this name change was the worsening of Japan-China relations at the time. 7296: 6723: 5869:"対談・ゲスト小西康裕／聞き手池田奉秀・空手道を語る：過去と現在の武道的視点" [Dialogue, Guest: Yasuhiro Konishi / Interviewer: Fusuhide Ikeda, Talking about Karate-do: Budo perspectives of the past and present]. 3423:. Kase went to France, Enoeada to England and Shirai in Italy. These Masters maintained always a strong link between them, the JKA and the others JKA masters in the world, especially 3283:

from Japan, many Korean martial arts schools that opened up in the 1940s and 1950s were founded by masters who had trained in karate in Japan as part of their martial arts training.

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On 25 October 1936 a roundtable meeting of karate masters was held in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, and it was officially resolved to use the name karate (empty hand) in the sense of

4418: 6689: 3055:. These four styles are those recognised by the World Karate Federation for international kata competition. Some widespread styles oftenly accepted for kata competition include 535:. The ultranationalistic sentiment of the 1930s affected every aspect of Japanese culture. To make the imported martial art more relatable, Funakoshi incorporated elements from 3102:, at the age of 13, began to study Shorin-Ryu karate in the Japanese camp under Kitigawa. In 1956, after 9 years of training with Kitigawa, Shintani travelled to Japan and met 1900: 2566:, good timing and correct distance. In full contact karate kumite, points are based on the results of the impact, rather than the formal appearance of the scoring technique. 1655:, named after the three cities from which they emerged. Each area and its teachers had particular kata, techniques, and principles that distinguished their local version of 1525:

invaded Ryukyu and Ryukyu became its vassal state, but it continued to pay tribute to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. At the time, China had implemented a policy of

8654: 7967: 11713: 2808: 1350:), which has been handed down to this day in the Motobu family, one of the branches of the former Ryukyu royal family. In the 16th century, the Ryukyuan history book " 7937: 3435:

France Shotokan Karate was created in 1964 by Tsutomu Ohshima. It is affiliated with another of his organizations, Shotokan Karate of America (SKA). However, in 1965

2525:, prearranged), two participants perform a choreographed series of techniques with one striking while the other blocks. The form ends with one devastating technique ( 5236: 6749: 6635: 7151: 3313:", the Korean transliteration of the Chinese characters for "Way of Chinese Hand" (唐手道). In the mid-1950s, the martial arts schools were unified under President 2382:. Traditional karate places emphasis on self-development (budō). Modern Japanese style training emphasizes the psychological elements incorporated into a proper 6429: 2228:

At that time, there was almost no kumite training in karate, and kata training was the main focus. There were also no matches. However, at that time, judo and

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is a path to self-knowledge, not just a study of the technical aspects of fighting. Like most martial arts practised in Japan, karate made its transition from -

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Karate, like other Japanese martial arts, is considered to be not only about fighting techniques, but also about spiritual cultivation. Many karate schools and

8521: 7670: 7120: 6393: 6203: 1876:) presented pictures of karate on two hanging scrolls at the first Physical Education Exhibition in Tokyo. The following June, Funakoshi was invited to the 6891: 3700:

into mass popularity. However, mainstream Western audiences at the time generally did not distinguish between different Asian martial arts such as karate,

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to give a karate demonstration in front of Jigoro Kano and other judo experts. This was the beginning of the full-scale introduction of karate in Tokyo.

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In addition, the will (Part I: 1778, Part II: 1783) of Ryukyuan samurai Aka Pēchin Chokushki (1721–1784) mentions the name of a martial art called

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who had previously studied Jujutsu with Jack Britten. In 1961, Edward Ainsworth, another blackbelt Judoka, set up the first Karate study group in

11706: 11306: 9317: 5763: 8180: 6483: 2332:(who was born a Korean, Choi Yeong-Eui 최영의). Kyokushin is largely a synthesis of Shotokan and Gōjū-ryū. It teaches a curriculum that emphasizes 8353: 3248:(JKA) and student of Gichin Funakoshi, began teaching in the United States. He founded the International Traditional Karate Federation (ITKF). 3376:

in 1991 did independent karate schools resume functioning, and so federations were formed and national tournaments in authentic styles began.

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of the 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase the popularity of martial arts around the world, and English-speakers began to use the word

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came from Japan along with Enoeda and Shirai, who went to England and Italy respectively, and karate came under the influence of the JKA.

7805: 4711: 3289:, a Korean student of Funakoshi, founded the first martial arts school after the Japanese occupation of Korea ended in 1945, called the 3110:). In 1958, Otsuka invited Shintani to join his organization Wado Kai, and in 1969 he asked Shintani to officially call his style Wado. 1037:. It implies that these arts are not just fighting systems but contain spiritual elements when promoted as disciplines. In this context 11699: 8393: 4549: 4410: 2548:

Free sparring is performed in a marked or closed area. The bout runs for a fixed time (2 to 3 minutes.) The time can run continuously (

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schools that teach Japanese karate still exist as they were originally conveyed to Won Kuk Lee and his contemporaries from Funakoshi.

2352:" (after the name for its competition rules). Many other karate organizations and styles are descended from the Kyokushin curriculum. 2267:

practice was also being actively practiced, the young people in mainland Japan gradually became dissatisfied with kata-only practice.

1899:) participated in a judo versus boxing match in Kyoto, defeating a foreign boxer. The match was featured in Japan's largest magazine " 7640: 5539: 4293: 4222: 6557: 1850:, the last king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, was ordered to move to Tokyo in 1879, he was accompanied by prominent karate masters such as 8150: 1903:," which had a circulation of about one million at the time, and karate and Motobu's name became instantly known throughout Japan. 862:

But this name change did not immediately spread among Okinawan karate practitioners. There were many karate practitioners, such as

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is a suffix having numerous meanings including road, path, route and way. It is used in many martial arts that survived Japan's

12178: 9879: 8447: 7959: 7393: 4908: 1002:). To commemorate this day, the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly passed a resolution in 2005 to decide 25 October as "Karate Day." 589:) began appearing around the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art. 8581: 8287: 6914: 12147: 9102: 7780: 7517: 7483: 5838: 4526: 4449: 4394: 2849: 2205:

The modernization and systemization of karate in Japan also included the adoption of the white uniform that consisted of the

1858:). It is unknown if they taught karate to the Japanese in Tokyo, although there are records that Kyan taught his son karate. 8419: 6173: 5199: 4467:"Dr. Gary J. Krug: the Feet of the Master: Three Stages in the Appropriation of Okinawan Karate Into Anglo-American Culture" 9999: 7927: 6667: 3793:(1994) are films relating the fictional story of an American adolescent's introduction into karate. Its television sequel, 2841: 611: 7741:

Goldfinger said, "Have you ever heard of Karate? No? Well that man is one of the three in the world who have achieved the

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and only traded with tributary countries, so the Satsuma Domain wanted Ryukyu to continue its tribute to benefit from it.

602:, which emphasize the perfection of character, the importance of effort, and respect for courtesy. Karate featured at the 11299: 9310: 8608: 8495: 6745: 6627: 5070:

Asato, Ankō; Funakoshi, Gichin (17 January 1914). "沖縄の武技" [Martial Arts of Okinawa] (in Japanese). Ryukyu Shimpo.

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In the Showa era (1926–1989), other Okinawan karate masters also came to mainland Japan to teach karate. These included

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in Fujian Province, China, to escape Japanese military conscription. While there he studied under Shū Shiwa (Chinese:

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Chōken Makabe was a man of the late 18th century. His light stature and jumping ability gave him the nickname "Makabe

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further popularized karate (as opposed to Asian martial arts more generally) in mainstream American popular culture.

7579: 7561: 10935: 10918: 10913: 10764: 9957: 8737: 1686:. Matsumura was, according to one theory, a student of Sakugawa. Matsumura's style later became the origin of many 1400:

However, some believe that Kyō Ahagon's anecdote is a half-legend and that it is unclear whether he was actually a

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Meigenrō, Shujin (1925). "肉弾相打つ唐手拳闘大試合" [Karate vs. Boxing, a great match of blows against each other].

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was actively opposed to the idea of the break-down into several karate schools. He believed that making karate a

2837: 2821: 2677: 909:) means art or technique, and in those days it was often used as a suffix to the name of each martial art, as in 607: 207: 6887: 6251: 6079: 2853:(counting baseball and softball together as one sport) were approved for inclusion in the 2020 Olympic program. 2560:

kumite, points are awarded based on the criteria: good form, sporting attitude, vigorous application, awareness/

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Originally in Okinawa during the Ryukyu Kingdom period, there existed an indigenous Ryukyuan martial art called

12188: 12173: 11292: 10898: 9833: 9303: 7735:, an expert in unarmed combat, as utterly ignorant of Karate and its demonstrations, and describes the Korean ' 6308: 5968: 5943: 5918: 3985: 3546: 2845: 2793: 10502: 9589: 8469: 8319: 7905: 5005: 4815: 960:, empty hand) gradually began to be used from the writings of Gichin Funakoshi and Motobu Chōki in the 1920s. 10908: 10893: 9712: 9340: 9117: 8053: 6452: 5599: 4167: 3585: 2825: 1074:). In Japan, katakana is mainly used for foreign words, giving Kyokushin Karate a modern and new impression. 873:

When karate was first taught in mainland Japan in the 1920s, Gichin Funakoshi and Motobu Chōki used the name

7098: 6943: 6831: 10141: 8559: 7282: 6771: 3854: 3629: 3475: 3279: 2199: 1221: 6513: 5713:] (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Keio University Physical Education Association Karate Club. p. 25. 3000:

However some of the schools' founders have been sceptical with the separation of karate into many styles.

2506:, allows full power techniques with some safety. Sport kumite in many international competition under the 814:

Japan sent envoys to the Tang dynasty and introduced much Chinese culture. Gichin Funakoshi proposed that

10972: 10903: 8798: 8757: 8624: 8117: 6229: 5999: 4152: 3763: 3665: 3138: 2991: 2620:

is a large jar used for developing grip strength. These supplementary exercises are designed to increase

7827: 7030: 3344:. Eventually, original Korean forms were developed by individual schools and associations. Although the 2455:. The Bunkai shows how every stance and movement is used. Bunkai is a useful tool to understand a kata. 9872: 9107: 9097: 6584: 4162: 4055: 4045: 3771: 3345: 3207: 2833: 2813: 2785: 2773: 2681: 1532:

The envoys of the tribute mission were chosen from among the samurai class of Ryukyu, and they went to

7755:

Such a description in a popular novel assumed and relied upon Karate being almost unknown in the West.

10977: 9112: 9092: 8172: 7742: 6491: 6345: 6115: 5220: 4654:"Current State and Issues of Modern Okinawan Karate": Karate Spirituality of the Karate Practitioners 4172: 3570: 3273: 3121:. In 1954, Tsuruoka initiated the first karate competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the 2927: 2765: 2017: 38: 8349: 8239: 7395:

Youth and Rock in the Soviet Bloc: Youth Cultures, Music, and the State in Russia and Eastern Europe

6371: 12071: 11000: 10216: 9919: 8650: 7200: 6811:

Funakoshi, Gichin. "Karate-dō Kyohan – The Master Text" Tokyo. Kodansha International; 1973. Page 4

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The World Karate Federation was first introduced to Oceania as the Oceania Karate Federation 1973.

3526: 3245: 2333: 1475:

It is known that in "Ōshima Writing" (1762), written by Yoshihiro Tobe, a Confucian scholar of the

1235:

import theory," which states that karate was brought to Ryukyu after the invasion of Ryukyu by the

1581:) first came into use in the Ryukyu Kingdom, but according to Ankō Asato, it was popularized from 11736: 11273: 10992: 10845: 10424: 10072: 10014: 9967: 9904: 8959: 8706: 3777: 3689: 3331: 3206:

in 1957. In 1959, he founded the Southern California Karate Association (SCKA) which was renamed

2781: 2673: 2507: 2301:, kata-only training was often criticized by the leading judo practitioners of the time, such as 2289:

relates that, during his visit to Okinawa in 1940, he heard some karateka were ousted from their

2225:, the founder of judo and one of the men Funakoshi consulted in his efforts to modernize karate. 615: 230: 203: 65: 8263: 8023: 7873: 6144: 3832: 2736:, has been effective for some MMA practitioners. Various styles of karate are practiced in MMA: 10835: 7989: 3995: 3869: 3144: 1877: 779:(Chinese reading) and the latter is kun'yomi (Japanese reading). Since the distinction between 7797: 7766: 6772:"Motorsport, cricket and karate among nine sports on shortlist for Los Angeles 2028 inclusion" 6720:"IOC Executive Board supports Tokyo 2020 package of new sports for IOC Session – Olympic News" 5988:(in Japanese). Vol. 12, no. 1. Budo Publishing Research Institute. 1978. p. 13. 4952:[Season's Topics: October 25 Karate Day] (in Japanese). Okinawa Prefectural Archives. 2910:

with a limited set of belt colors. Other Okinawan teachers also adopted this practice. In the

1165:

There are several theories regarding the origins of karate, but the main ones are as follows.

12086: 11814: 11680: 11608: 11593: 11339: 10926: 10334: 10004: 9987: 9982: 9909: 9865: 9777: 9326: 8783: 8778: 8202:"International Karate Organization KYOKUSHINKAIKAN Domestic Black Belt List As of Oct.2000". 6972: 6863: 6089: 4695: 4157: 4035: 3673: 2653: 2117: 1862: 1276: 967:(Instructor Gichin Funakoshi) used this term in reference to the concept of emptiness in the 420: 225: 179: 72: 10622: 9603: 8397: 7004: 6820:

Funakoshi, Gichin. "Karate-dō Kyohan – The Master Text" Tokyo. Kodansha International; 1973.

4542: 2202:

passed a resolution to commemorate this decision by designating 25 October as "Karate Day."

1861:

In 1908, students from the Okinawa Prefectural Middle School gave a karate demonstration at

1392:, not today's karate, and Ankō Asato introduces Kyō Ahagon as a "prominent martial artist." 1053:. Thus karatedō is more than just empty hand techniques. It is "the way of the empty hand". 12061: 11998: 11991: 11751: 11551: 11479: 11430: 10804: 10642: 10574: 10119: 10114: 10009: 9972: 9952: 9944: 9899: 8788: 8762: 8730: 7225: 6658:"Olympics: Baseball/softball, sport climbing, surfing, karate, skateboarding at Tokyo 2020" 5785:] (in Japanese). Karate Research Association of Tokyo Imperial University. p. 221. 4949: 3633: 3214: 3192: 3164: 2861: 2829: 2538: 2534: 1785:, and for a very brief time near the end of his life, An'ichi Miyagi (a teacher claimed by 1472:(fighting cock). The ceiling of his house is said to have been marked by his kicking foot. 603: 473: 441: 183: 10531: 7632: 6546: 5543: 5352:]. Translated by Quast, Andreas; Motobu, Naoki. Independently Published. p. 153. 5323:]. Translated by Quast, Andreas; Motobu, Naoki. Independently Published. p. 165. 4226: 3036:, as well keeping it as a martial art, could be a possible approach to unify all schools. 1988:

in Okinawa in 1905, and Funakoshi decided to use this name as well. In addition, the name

8: 11766: 11603: 11499: 11494: 11435: 11349: 11263: 11227: 11135: 10922: 10688: 10554: 10544: 10339: 10329: 10294: 10259: 10024: 9994: 9962: 9846: 9193: 9035: 6084: 5478:]. Translated by Quast, Andreas; Motobu, Naoki. Independently Published. p. 36. 4144: 3849: 3828: 3789: 3669: 3369: 2709: 2493: 2397: 2345: 2249: 2042: 2000: 1968: 1941: 1778: 1605: 1565: 1452: 1372: 1334: 986: 751: 704: 662: 636: 543: 448:

is primarily a striking art that uses punches and kicks, traditional karate also employs

134: 8142: 4912: 4624: 3655:

is known for practicing many martial arts styles, including Karate, having trained with

2477: 1480: 775:

are written in the same Chinese characters meaning "Tang/China hand," but the former is

11971: 11756: 11722: 11371: 11034: 10964: 10711: 10559: 9977: 9071: 8083: 7772: 7746: 7727: 6552: 5753: 3697: 3677: 3522: 3424: 3241: 3172: 2939: 2857: 2733: 2641: 2633: 2221:—and coloured belt ranks. Both of these innovations were originated and popularized by 1538: 937: 580: 572: 508: 481: 156: 10684: 9497: 9025: 8871: 4470: 3230: 3021: 2361: 2310: 2195: 1985: 1750: 1679: 951: 787:

was already blurred at that time, karate was used to encompass both. "Kara (から)" is a

92: 12046: 11676: 11521: 11259: 10825: 10784: 10319: 10131: 10124: 9839: 9694: 9280: 8989: 8951: 8681: 8379: 8207: 7776: 7693:""Olympic Destiny" as Tsuneari Yahiro Announced as Australia's First Karate Olympian" 7523: 7489: 7433: 7399: 7311: 7010: 6980: 6951: 6922: 6839: 6314: 6280: 6055: 6030: 5964: 5939: 5914: 5889: 5705:慶応義塾体育会空手部 (1936). Keio University Physical Education Association Karate Club (ed.). 5479: 5435: 5353: 5324: 5295: 5270: 5161: 4701: 4522: 4497: 4445: 4390: 4352: 4305: 4253: 4199: 4065: 3955: 3743: 3733:. Films weren't the only popular visual representation of Karate in the 80s, just as 3730: 3589: 3574: 3558: 3416: 3365: 3234: 3184: 2935: 2761: 2753: 2657: 2621: 2500:) uses full power techniques to bring an opponent to the ground. Sparring in armour, 2275: 1711: 516: 449: 382: 368: 11691: 9733: 8443: 8297: 8143:"Martial Matrix :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive" 4739:

Goju-ryu Karate-dō History: The Two Great Masters, Kanryō Higaonna and Chōjun Miyagi

12119: 12036: 11966: 11776: 11586: 11354: 8876: 8585: 5741: 5714: 5687: 5591: 5221:

Kagoshima Prefecture Restoration History Materials Compilation Office, ed. (1984).

4657: 3875: 3805: 3754: 3593: 3578: 3562: 3538: 3534: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3412: 3385: 3294: 3218: 3176: 3156: 3118: 3001: 2637: 2349: 2298: 2282: 2191: 2163: 1866: 1782: 1727: 1034: 859:

but with a different meaning. Thus, "Chinese hand" was replaced with "empty hand."

796: 528: 334: 265: 8836: 7519:

Sport and the Transformation of Modern Europe: States, Media and Markets 1950-2010

5834: 5498: 3395: 3040: 3025: 2860:, although it has made the shortlist for inclusion, alongside nine others, in the 2789: 2588:

is a set of guidelines for karateka to follow. These guidelines apply both in the

2187: 1919: 1915: 1766: 863: 835:

existed in the Ryukyu Kingdom period, but it is unclear whether it meant Tang hand

12168: 11541: 11536: 10940: 10479: 10439: 10361: 10349: 10314: 10057: 10052: 9469: 8984: 8941: 8936: 8891: 8886: 8816: 8806: 8723: 8710: 8612: 8275: 8267: 6169: 5191: 3935: 3820: 3637: 3581:

stayed and Murakami left (later re-emerging as a 5th Dan Shotokai under Harada).

3521:

Outside of Bell's organisation, Charles Mack traveled to Japan and studied under

3298: 3256: 3249: 3198: 3114: 3103: 3099: 3060: 3017: 3009: 2797: 2769: 2645: 2616: 2329: 2302: 2159: 1833: 1723: 1071: 964: 504: 124: 9791: 8084:"Dragon Ball: 10 Fictional Fighting Styles That Are Actually Based On Real Ones" 7631:

Competition, Filed under; General; JKA; Shotokan; Traditional (16 August 2020).

6657: 3887:

undertake four months of martial arts training in a variety of different styles.

2440: 2167: 1892: 1855: 1737: 1715: 532: 12051: 11956: 11840: 11794: 11660: 11655: 11526: 11386: 11344: 11334: 11320: 11194: 10885: 10829: 10769: 10726: 10696: 10429: 10324: 10164: 10104: 10092: 10047: 10042: 9659: 8979: 8974: 8881: 8861: 8821: 8811: 8292: 7348: 5984:"空手道を語る/大塚博紀（その1）" [Talking about Karate-do/Hironori Ōtsuka (Part 1)]. 4015: 3965: 3945: 3840: 3566: 3447: 3420: 3180: 3147:

learned karate in Okinawa or Japan and then opened schools in the US. In 1945,

3048: 2931: 2777: 1786: 1582: 1522: 1328:

but rather many practitioners with their own methods. One surviving example is

1236: 496: 477: 416: 240: 152: 9572: 8606: 8499: 4661: 4578: 3004:

simply stated that there are as many styles as instructors in the world while

2473: 1719: 12162: 12124: 12108: 11981: 11645: 11546: 11447: 11440: 11425: 11316: 11284: 11149: 11117: 11020: 10820: 10779: 10569: 10464: 10434: 10389: 10344: 10226: 10176: 10169: 10087: 9511: 9483: 9253: 9087: 9056: 8931: 8921: 8911: 8906: 8826: 7315: 7252: 5229:

Kagoshima Prefecture Historical Records, Miscellaneous Old Records, Part 2, 4

4025: 4005: 3905: 3880: 3738: 3681: 3484: 3290: 3222: 3122: 3052: 2741: 2737: 2705: 2649: 2575: 2553: 2511: 2306: 2286: 2183: 2175: 2155: 1809: 1762: 1628:

It is generally believed that today's karate is a result of the synthesis of

1518:, indicating that Ryukyuan samurai practiced these arts in the 18th century. 1494: 1240: 598: 296: 142: 9406: 9385: 8856: 8846: 6865:

A Karate Compendium: A History of Karate from Te to Z in Black Belt Magazine

5504: 5089:] (in Japanese). Ryukyu Karate-jutsu International Research Association. 3488: 3013: 2907: 1896: 1851: 1693: 1329: 1209: 524: 12066: 12041: 12008: 12003: 11986: 11976: 11923: 11771: 11626: 11561: 11531: 11504: 11474: 11462: 11408: 11403: 11130: 10840: 10794: 10716: 10674: 10637: 10589: 10536: 10444: 10384: 10284: 10221: 10211: 10154: 9888: 9843: 9666: 9652: 9617: 9153: 7605: 7485:

Violent Entrepreneurs: The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism

4647: 4372: 4112: 4075: 3975: 3925: 3884: 3810: 3749: 3656: 3400: 3322: 3314: 3148: 3080:

Karate has grown in popularity in Africa, particularly in South Africa and

3033: 3005: 2713: 2557: 2515: 2379: 2375: 2337: 2171: 2116:

In 1933, karate was officially recognized as a Japanese martial art by the

1952: 1923: 1911: 1797: 1774: 1731: 1667: 1364:, a favored retainer of King Shō Shin, used a martial art called "karate" ( 1026: 800: 799:(加羅)" and later included things deriving from China (specifically from the 555: 500: 412: 198: 138: 9413: 9203: 9178: 8926: 8916: 8831: 8173:"Shin Koyamada's Inaugural 2nd Annual United States Martial Arts Festival" 7060: 3502:, a master of multiple Japanese martial arts, who had studied Karate with 3064: 2030:, way) to karate, was also used by Funakoshi, who decided to use the name 1933:

in Japan, some karate masters gradually came to consider the name karate (

1813: 1511: 720:). However, this distinction gradually became blurred with the decline of 652:). Furthermore, in the 19th century, a Chinese-derived martial art called 11961: 11949: 11830: 11415: 11079: 10746: 10706: 10649: 10459: 10159: 10082: 9747: 9687: 9553: 9455: 9168: 9010: 8866: 7722: 7583: 7565: 4116: 3915: 3858: 3815: 3734: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3605: 3584:

In 1966, members of the former British Karate Federation established the

3511: 3480: 3310: 3286: 3259:

relocated the International Karate Association from Tokyo to California.

3226: 2971: 2955: 2903: 2721: 2717: 2693: 2502: 2431: 2222: 1476: 1215: 968: 308: 9476: 9295: 7297:"Karate in Taiwan and South Korea: A Tale of Two Postcolonial Societies" 4294:"The Centuries-Old Sport of Karate Finally Gets Its Due at the Olympics" 3518:, Scotland having attended Bell's third 'Karate Summer School' in 1961. 2676:(WKF) is the largest sport karate organization and is recognized by the 1734:. Itosu is sometimes referred to as "the Grandfather of Modern Karate." 1479:, who interviewed Ryukyuan samurai who had drifted to Tosa (present-day 1388:) to smash both legs of an assassin. This karate is thought to refer to 1296: 1208:, hand) was born and developed into karate. This theory is advocated by 1196:

remained until the early 20th century. There is a theory that from this

940:

meaning "Tang dynasty" with the character meaning "empty" took place in

480:

being turned into a puppet state by Japanese samurai in 1609, after the

11944: 11928: 11897: 11866: 11799: 11746: 11741: 11581: 11489: 11420: 11381: 11359: 10982: 10736: 10664: 10594: 10564: 10549: 10520: 10508: 10474: 10404: 10299: 10279: 10109: 9807: 9645: 9539: 9504: 9448: 9427: 8964: 8841: 7732: 5455:

Yoshimura, Jinsai (1941). "自伝武道記" [Biography of Martial Arts].

5120: 4857: 4753: 4120: 4085: 3715: 3609: 3554: 3436: 3408: 3039:

In the modern era the major four styles of karate are considered to be

2749: 1930: 1887:

Illustration depicting a match between Motobu Chōki and a foreign boxer

1754: 1537:

studied are not known for certain, but it is assumed that they studied

1351: 1255:

There are also other theories, such as that it developed from Okinawan

1046: 1030: 792: 776: 614:) claims that karate has 50 million practitioners worldwide, while the 453: 9518: 9392: 7663:"Shotokan Karate International Australia (SKIA Vic) – Karate Victoria" 5873:(in Japanese). Budo Publishing Research Institute. 1977. pp. 5–7. 5499:

International Ryukyu Karate-jutsu Research Society (15 October 2012).

3799:(2018), has led to similar growing interest in karate. The success of 3278:

Due to past conflict between Korea and Japan, most notably during the

2581: 2448: 1847: 1428: 12081: 12076: 12026: 11871: 11809: 11598: 11576: 11566: 11376: 11237: 11232: 11222: 11182: 11177: 11112: 11107: 11067: 11062: 11005: 10987: 10789: 10701: 10669: 10627: 10617: 10579: 10454: 10419: 10409: 10309: 10268: 10246: 10099: 10037: 9638: 9434: 9238: 9233: 9198: 9173: 9061: 9051: 8851: 5745: 5718: 5691: 4108: 4095: 3862: 3836: 3795: 3693: 3685: 3652: 3601: 3459: 3318: 3168: 3056: 3029: 2757: 2625: 2604: 2590: 2542: 2497: 2325: 2090: 1770: 1662: 1652: 1220:

It is said that in 1392 a group of professional people known as the "

1067: 925: 585: 10254: 9798: 9368: 9268: 9243: 9163: 8118:"Every Martial Arts Style Neo Uses In The Matrix (Not Just Kung Fu)" 5595: 5419:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Karate Promotion Association. p. 82. 5381:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Karate Promotion Association. p. 83. 3847:

was originally inspired by the classical 16th-century Chinese novel

2143: 1324:) among the Ryukyuan samurai class. There were few formal styles of 1232: 12113: 12103: 12031: 11835: 11824: 11819: 11804: 11640: 11635: 11631: 11511: 11457: 11452: 11398: 10731: 10659: 10607: 10379: 10289: 10236: 10198: 10186: 10062: 9560: 9532: 9525: 9490: 9462: 9420: 9248: 9188: 9030: 8901: 8473: 7932: 7900: 7895: 7750: 7516:

Tomlinson, Alan; Young, Christopher; Holt, Richard (17 June 2013).

4995: 4897:] (in Japanese). Karate-jutsu Promotion Association. p. 4. 4805: 4793:] (in Japanese). Karate-jutsu Promotion Association. p. 2. 4411:"Here's how US Marines brought karate back home after World War II" 3542: 3530: 3515: 3492: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3302: 3107: 3044: 2915: 2899: 2898:

In 1924, Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan Karate, adopted the

2745: 2610: 2488: 2341: 2218: 2129: 2124:

division and title examinations were conducted by jujutsu masters.

2110: 2102: 1873: 1838: 1687: 1644: 1239:(Keichō 14, 1609), as well as the theory that it was introduced by 1225: 1063: 929: 917: 388: 9756: 9680: 9218: 5581: 4332:(in Japanese). No. September 1925. Dai Nippon Yūben Kōdansha. 3813:

appearing to reveal the moral lessons contained in every episode.

1883: 87: 12056: 11907: 11892: 11856: 11761: 11556: 11469: 11366: 11207: 11162: 11097: 11047: 10774: 10759: 10754: 10654: 10612: 10514: 10469: 10414: 10274: 10231: 10181: 9814: 9784: 9763: 9441: 9399: 9378: 9223: 7090: 6424: 5459:. Vol. 2–8, September. Gekkan Bunka Okinawa-sha. p. 22. 3701: 3648: 3487:

introduced Karate to England in 1956, having attended classes in

3306: 3237:

and Pat Burleson began teaching martial arts around the country.

2975: 2562: 2366:

Japanese martial arts § Philosophical and strategic concepts

2235: 2213: 2121: 2094: 1817: 1758: 1697: 1648: 1526: 1515: 1264: 1188: 911: 512: 215: 211: 9726: 9258: 7745:

in Karate. Karate is a branch of judo, but it is to judo what a

5194:[Old Ryukyuan Military and Its Historical Development]. 4351:]. International Ryukyu Karate Research Society. p. 9. 3545:

Karate was also an early adopted style in the UK, introduced by

3352:

are the most prominent among Korean martial arts organizations,

3309:, and karate in the martial art that he taught which he called " 2660:. All practices vary depending upon the school and the teacher. 2481: 2436: 2371: 1286: 678:) emerged. According to Gichin Funakoshi, a distinction between 11902: 11571: 11393: 11202: 11157: 11125: 11087: 11042: 11015: 10721: 10497: 10449: 10374: 9857: 9582: 9546: 9263: 9228: 9208: 9158: 9148: 9020: 9015: 8024:"What Martial Arts Does Goku Use? (Do They Work In Real Life?)" 7736: 7310:. Taiwan Research Programme, London School of Economics: 1–16. 6748:. olympics.org International Olympic Committee. 3 August 2016. 4124: 3758: 3327: 3113:

In Canada during this same time, karate was also introduced by

2951: 2468: 2452: 2403: 2086: 1821: 1801: 1533: 1042: 9066: 8628: 6225: 6003: 3529:

who graded Mack to 1st Dan Shotokan on 4 March 1962 in Japan.

2911: 2873: 10850: 10602: 10394: 10369: 9719: 9631: 9596: 9213: 9143: 9005: 7630: 6367: 5400:] (in Japanese). Vol. 5. Daiichi Shobo. p. 410. 3824: 3364:

Karate appeared in the Soviet Union in the mid-1960s, during

3081: 2918:

system the beginner grades start with a higher numbered kyū (

2629: 2416: 2391: 2229: 2106: 2098: 1702: 1050: 788: 736: 618:

claims there are 100 million practitioners around the world.

349: 168: 6690:"Surfing and skateboarding make shortlist for 2020 Olympics" 5069: 3596:

came to England at the same time as Kanazawa, teaching at a

2704:

Sport organizations use different competition rule systems.

1192:

music, similar to karate kata. In the Okinawan countryside,

11876: 11516: 11484: 11212: 11167: 11092: 11052: 10304: 10264: 10206: 10149: 10077: 9770: 9740: 9673: 9610: 9183: 8969: 8676:

Leavold, Andrew (2017). "Goons, guts and exploding huts!".

6746:"IOC approves five new sports for Olympic Games Tokyo 2020" 6628:"IOC approves five new sports for Olympic Games Tokyo 2020" 6547:"Contender Shores Up Karate's Reputation Among U.F.C. Fans" 6394:"Technique Talk: Stephen Thompson Retrofits Karate for MMA" 3340: 2947: 2891: 2878: 2207: 2020:(now the University of Tokyo) in 1929 by adding the suffix 1742: 1671: 1256: 536: 355: 340: 64:

This article is about the martial art. For other uses, see

6341: 6111: 2340:

sparring. Because of its emphasis on physical, full-force

1696:(1831–1915) studied under Matsumura and Bushi Nagahama of 1041:

is usually translated as "the way of …". Examples include

811:(Tang hand) differ in the scope of meaning of the words. 8715: 7960:"Local dojo experiencing business boon after 'Cobra Kai'" 6662: 6631: 4983:] (in Japanese). Todai Karate Kenkyukai. p. 221. 2978:

Buddhism: "Form is emptiness, emptiness is form itself" (

2608:. This uses simple equipment made of wood and stone. The 825:

According to Gichin Funakoshi, the word pronounced karate

8204:

Kyokushin Karate Sōkan: Shin Seishin Shugi Eno Sōseiki E

7228:. The Canadian Encyclopedia – Historica-Dominion. 2010. 7148:"Love and Rebellion: How Two Karatekas Fought Apartheid" 5667:] (in Japanese). Karate-jutsu Promotion Association. 5269:] (in Japanese). Baseball Magazine Sha. p. 42. 1812:

style at that time. He later developed his own style of

1796:

styles of karate a fourth Okinawan influence is that of

1186:). The dancers danced to the accompaniment of songs and 686:

existed in the late 19th century. With the emergence of

527:(1912–1926), karate was introduced to mainland Japan by 10489: 6998: 6996: 6306: 5837:. Okinawa Karate Information Center. 8 September 2017. 3753:

that popularized the one-on-one fighting game genre in

3676:, particularly karate, during the 1960s. By the 1970s, 3533:

Karate was introduced to England in 1963 by another of

3483:, a 3rd Dan Judo instructor who had been instructed by 2232:

matches were already being held in mainland Japan, and

8703: 5099: 2886: 2687:

WKF karate competition has two disciplines: sparring (

1216:

Theory of introduction by thirty-six families from Min

822:, as Tang became a synonym for luxury imported goods. 606:

after its inclusion at the Games was supported by the

495:

The Ryukyu Kingdom had been conquered by the Japanese

11721: 7857:

All About Capcom Head-to-Head Fighting Game 1987–2000

7580:"International Association of Shotokan Karate (IASK)" 6950:(4th ed.). Japan Publications. p. 327-328. 6921:(8th ed.). Japan Publications. p. 168-169. 4292:

Magazine, Smithsonian; Tsuboike, Tony Perrottet,Jun.

2602:

Okinawan karate uses supplementary training known as

2422:

be prearranged drills in smaller groups or in pairs.

1427:

were martial artists active during the reign of King

1176:

In Okinawa there was an ancient martial dance called

337: 8680:. Australia: The LedaTape Organisation. p. 80. 6993: 6599:"5 Things You Might Not Know About Robert Whitakker" 6000:"International Traditional Karate Federation (ITKF)" 5886:

Traditional Karatedo Vol. 4 Applications of the Kata

5004:] (in Japanese). Seibundo Shinkosha. p. 6. 4814:] (in Japanese). Seibundo Shinkosha. p. 5. 4134: 3741:. The first video game to feature fist fighting was 2136:, meaning "pine wave", was Funakoshi's pen name and 1753:

returned from China after years of instruction with

1168: 352: 346: 8054:"What Martial Arts Does Goku Use in Dragon Ball Z?" 5108:] (in Japanese). Nihon University. p. 353. 4384: 3672:, there was growing mainstream Western interest in 3541:. Outside of the Shotokan stable of karate styles, 3462:, are present and well established in Italy, while 2443:

in Naihanchi-dachi, one of the basic karate stances

1824:, and Sanseiryu kata that he had studied in China. 1808:周子和 1874–1926). He was a leading figure of Chinese 1769:. Chōjun Miyagi taught such well-known karateka as 1404:master. In the 18th century, the names of Nishinda 343: 71:"Karateka" redirects here. For the video game, see 8522:"Wesley Snipes: Action man courts a new beginning" 8264:Hiroyuki Sanada: "Promises" for Peace Through Film 7515: 6545: 6027:Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques 5732:仲宗根, 源和, 1895-1978 (1938). Nakasone, Genwa (ed.). 5731: 5588:Persons at the Time of the Abolition of the Domain 5432:Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques 5235:(in Japanese). Kagoshima Prefecture. p. 414. 4196:Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques 3692:) had formed a mainstream genre and launched the " 1483:), there is a description of a martial art called 1316:Karate began as a common fighting system known as 8368: 7211:(4). this issue is not available as a back issue. 6888:"The meeting that changed Karate history forever" 6857: 6855: 6838:(4th ed.). Japan Publications. p. 315. 6193: 6191: 5629:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 109. 5392:Higashionna, Kanjun (1978). Ryukyu Shimpo (ed.). 5261:Gima, Shinkin; Fujiwara, Ryozo (1 October 1986). 5180:The original text is in Chinese, "専積刀剣弓矢以為護国之利器." 4343:Miyagi, Chojun (1993) . McCarthy, Patrick (ed.). 4217: 4215: 2926:(holders of dan/rank). Yudansha typically wear a 731:began to be taught in public schools in Okinawa, 476:brought their techniques to Okinawa. Despite the 12160: 7798:"10 Best Martial Arts Movies Of The 80s, Ranked" 6450: 5823:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 57. 5423: 5129:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. pp. 21, 22. 5035:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 56. 4683:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 55. 4600: 4598: 4596: 2496:has several variants. Knockdown karate (such as 2270:In pre–World War II Okinawa, karateka practiced 2016:), which was already used by the karate club of 1643:Early styles of karate are often generalized as 1243:(Okinawan: Kūsankū) based on the description in 579:in a generic way to refer to all striking-based 7347:. Tangsudo.com. 18 October 2011. Archived from 5804:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Kōbundō. p. 33. 2708:rules are used by the WKF, WUKO, IASK and WKC. 2233: 2077:around the beginning of the 20th century. The " 1443:was also good at wooden sword (swordsmanship). 1005:Another nominal development is the addition of 404: 11314: 8376:"genbu-kai.com is for sale | HugeDomains" 7556: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 6852: 6188: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5740:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Tosho. p. 64. 4656:] (PhD thesis) (in Japanese). p. 16. 4212: 3643: 2942:. Speed and power are added at higher grades. 2242: 2035: 2025: 1993: 1961: 1934: 1621:), and gradually faded away as it merged with 1598: 1558: 1548: 1505: 1488: 1365: 1355: 1304: 1181: 1057: 1016: 1010: 979: 955: 945: 904: 878: 848: 838: 828: 744: 566:("empty hand") – both of which are pronounced 560: 548: 486: 462: 456:techniques. A karate practitioner is called a 429: 398: 324: 111: 11707: 11300: 9873: 9311: 8731: 7295:Orr, Monty; Amae, Yoshihisa (December 2016). 7220: 7218: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6226:"WUKF – World Union of Karate-Do Federations" 5614: 5470:Motobu, Choki (2020) . Quast, Andreas (ed.). 5344:Motobu, Choki (2020) . Quast, Andreas (ed.). 5315:Motobu, Choki (2020) . Quast, Andreas (ed.). 5196:Ryukyu Asiatic Studies of Society and Culture 4845:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Tosho. p. 64. 4700:. Japan: Kodansha International. p. 24. 4593: 870:in everyday conversation until World War II. 8653:. Articles.chicagotribune.com. 15 May 1986. 8651:"'Ninja' Knockin' Em Dead – Chicago Tribune" 6868:. Active Interest Media, Inc. pp. 18–19 6543: 6272: 5871:Dialogue Collection: Talking about Karate-do 5758:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5671: 5260: 5065: 5063: 5061: 4464: 4310:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4291: 3737:grew in popularity, so did Karate in arcade 3252:was sent to New Orleans by the JKA in 1963. 3117:who had studied in Japan in the 1940s under 2480:, a form of full-contact karate fought with 1412:, and Chōken Makabe are known as masters of 503:since 1609, but was formally annexed to the 7543: 6578: 6386: 5853: 5391: 5054:] (in Japanese). Kodansha. p. 232. 4762:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. p. 20. 4189: 4187: 3592:as chief instructor and affiliated to JKA. 3028:believed that was just a wrong perception. 2727: 2701:one federation or association per country. 2484:, one of the competition formats for kumite 2285:stated, "There are no contests in karate." 2248: 2081:" in "karate-dō" sets it apart from karate- 2041: 1999: 1967: 1940: 1604: 1564: 1451: 1371: 1333: 985: 884: 750: 703: 661: 635: 23: 11714: 11700: 11307: 11293: 9880: 9866: 9318: 9304: 8738: 8724: 8195: 7731:(1959, p.91–95) describes the protagonist 7215: 6532: 6475: 6073: 6071: 5776: 5762:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5704: 5686:] (in Japanese). Kōbukan. p. 75. 5665:Okinawa Kenpō Karate-jutsu: Kumite Edition 5590:] (in Japanese). Shō Kyū. p. 72. 5160:]. Nippon Budokan. pp. 139, 140. 4974: 4866:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. p. 2. 4323: 4321: 3767:, featuring multiple Karateka characters. 3640:became Australia's first Karate Olympian. 2946:new rank (shinsa) and may include basics, 1872:In May 1922, Gichin Funakoshi (founder of 197: 24: 9325: 7463:. Active Interest Media, Inc. 1 July 1979 7373:. Active Interest Media, Inc. 1 June 1979 7175:"Graphic Sports: Issue 624 May 6–12 1997" 7031:"All Karate Styles and Their Differences" 6420:"Lyoto Machida and the Revenge of Karate" 6200:"Which Kind of Karate Has Olympic Chops?" 6077: 5814: 5795: 5639: 5620: 5454: 5267:Dialogue: The History of Modern Karate-do 5145: 5118: 5058: 5026: 5002:The Way and the Art: A Dictionary of Judo 4895:Okinawa Kenpō Karate-jutsu Kumite Edition 4855: 4812:The Way and the Art: A Dictionary of Judo 4791:Okinawa Kenpō Karate-jutsu Kumite Edition 4751: 4693: 4674: 4645: 4604: 4127:come from a range of other martial arts. 2882:Karatekas wearing different colored belts 2552:) or be stopped for referee judgment. In 2541:and in some rare cases even time-limited 2389:Karate training is commonly divided into 1800:(1877–1948). At the age of 20 he went to 1761:. One of his students was the founder of 1360:, established around 1745) mentions that 1066:instead of Chinese characters, mainly by 180:Indigenous martial arts of Ryukyu Islands 7425: 7281:The Original Martial Arts Encyclopedia, 7194: 7192: 7145: 7123:. Sportsauthority.com.gh. Archived from 6611: 6049: 6024: 5883: 5429: 5398:The Complete Works of Kanjun Higashionna 5100:Shimakura, Ryuji; Majikina Anko (1923). 4836: 4741:] (in Japanese). CHAMP. p. 133. 4732: 4516: 4327: 4193: 4184: 3647: 3394: 2885: 2877: 2807: 2472: 2435: 2142: 1882: 1837: 1736: 1661: 1285: 1267:, which had been introduced from Japan. 954:(1869–1945). In mainland Japan, karate ( 32:This is an accepted version of this page 10872: 8675: 8206:. Aikēōshuppanjigyōkyoku: 62–64. 2001. 8111: 8109: 8051: 8017: 8015: 7850: 7795: 7392:Risch, William Jay (17 December 2014). 7294: 6581:"Gunnar Nelson in the Style of Iceland" 6197: 6068: 5963:. Kodansha International. p. 113. 5958: 5938:. Kodansha International. p. 111. 5933: 5913:. Kodansha International. p. 111. 5908: 5777:Miki, Jisaburō; Takada, Mizuho (1930). 4975:Miki, Jisaburo; Takada, Mizuho (1930). 4491: 4318: 3879:part of the preparation for the movie, 3498:in Paris. Yoseikan had been founded by 2319:Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers 2279:competitions were introduced to Japan. 1541:and other styles from Fujian Province. 14: 12161: 8450:from the original on 25 September 2014 8421:Black Belt Magazine March, 1994, p. 24 8115: 8047: 8045: 7928:"Jaden Smith Shines in The Karate Kid" 7481: 7198: 7172: 7095:World Karate Martial Arts Organization 6970: 6796: 6198:Warnock, Eleanor (25 September 2015). 5678:空手研究社 (1934). Karate Kenkyusha (ed.). 5658: 5564: 5469: 5410: 5372: 5343: 5314: 5289: 5189: 5080: 4993: 4888: 4803: 4784: 4575:"WKF claims 100 million practitioners" 4496:. Kodansha International. p. 13. 4439: 4389:. Kodansha International. p. 60. 4342: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4247: 2594:(training hall) and in everyday life. 1865:in Kyoto, which was also witnessed by 1281: 997:without anything in the hands or fists 818:/karate may have been used instead of 387: 12148:International World Games Association 11695: 11288: 10871: 9932: 9861: 9346:List of koryū schools of martial arts 9299: 9103:World University Karate Championships 8719: 8330:from the original on 29 November 2010 7764: 7391: 7189: 7101:from the original on 10 December 2023 6941: 6912: 6861: 6829: 6583:. Vice Fightland Blog. Archived from 6451:Lead MMA Analyst (14 February 2014). 6432:from the original on 27 February 2010 6276:The South African Dictionary of Sport 5841:from the original on 19 December 2023 5835:"The declaration of the "Karate Day"" 5677: 5602:from the original on 18 December 2023 5242:from the original on 31 December 2023 5202:from the original on 31 December 2023 5151: 5133:from the original on 31 December 2023 5045: 4934:"空手座談会" [Karate Roundtable]. 4901: 4870:from the original on 31 December 2023 4766:from the original on 31 December 2023 4375:was a synonym for "China" in Okinawa. 4336: 4252:. A & C Black. pp. 153–166. 3827:) whose characters use a variety and 3809:is an animated children's show, with 2518:and points are awarded by a referee. 367: 8582:"Martial arts biography – jim kelly" 8106: 8012: 7940:from the original on 16 October 2010 7154:from the original on 20 January 2019 7065:World Union of Karate-do Federations 7002: 5815:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 5621:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 5027:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 4911:. Newpaltzkarate.com. Archived from 4675:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 4577:. Thekisontheway.com. Archived from 2796:has been successful as coach with a 2732:Karate, although not widely used in 1589:was spread by Sakugawa, traditional 612:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs 440:in Okinawan) under the influence of 8669: 8042: 7990:"The Martial Arts of Dragon Ball Z" 7838:from the original on 22 August 2019 7796:Francis, Anthony (7 October 2020). 7232:from the original on 29 August 2014 6801:. Okinawa: Ozata Print. p. 20. 6778:from the original on 19 August 2022 6774:. Inside the Games. 3 August 2022. 6696:. 28 September 2015. Archived from 6544:Schneiderman, R. M. (23 May 2009). 6481: 6342:"World Koshiki Karatedo Federation" 6080:"Tom Lapuppet, Views of a Champion" 5579: 4956:from the original on 3 January 2024 4613:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Kōbundō. 4268: 3696:" which propelled karate and other 3569:gave the first JKA demo at the old 3350:International Taekwon-Do Federation 3143:After World War II, members of the 2958:(breaking), and kumite (sparring). 2856:Karate will not be included in the 2370:Karate can be practiced as an art ( 56: 9933: 8288:"Celebrity Fitness—Dolph Lundgren" 8226: 8183:from the original on 25 March 2023 7426:Hoberman, John M. (30 June 2014). 7121:"National Sports Authority, Ghana" 6832:"21. Schools and Formal Exercises" 6726:from the original on 24 March 2020 6520:from the original on 16 March 2017 6463:from the original on 14 March 2014 6453:"Lyoto Machida: Old-School Karate" 6396:. MMA Fighting. 18 February 2012. 6348:from the original on 26 March 2010 6307:Adam Gibson; Bill Wallace (2004). 6232:from the original on 13 March 2013 6206:from the original on 27 March 2022 6176:from the original on 27 March 2019 5106:A Thousand Year History of Okinawa 5008:from the original on 14 March 2024 4818:from the original on 14 March 2024 4714:from the original on 27 March 2022 4635:from the original on 17 March 2024 3204:California Institute of Technology 2867: 1773:(who also trained with Higaonna), 1212:and his student Gichin Funakoshi. 963:In 1929 the Karate Study Group of 57: 12200: 11723:Sports of the World Games program 10800:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program 9128:Karate World Championships Junior 8697: 8356:from the original on 28 July 2017 8270:, Retrieved on 21 November 2011. 7970:from the original on 8 March 2021 7582:. Karate-iask.com. Archived from 7482:Volkov, Vadim (4 February 2016). 7304:Taiwan in Comparative Perspective 7250: 6374:from the original on 12 June 2010 6279:. New Africa Books. p. 163. 5796:Funakoshi, Gichin (25 May 1935). 4843:A Comprehensive View of Karate-dō 4646:Zacharski, Andrzej Jerzy (2019). 4605:Funakoshi, Gichin (25 May 1935). 4555:from the original on 13 June 2010 4469:. Csc.sagepub.com. Archived from 4421:from the original on 2 March 2021 4387:Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts 3549:, a 6th Dan at the time in 1964. 3469: 3195:all began instructing in the US. 2344:, Kyokushin is now often called " 1250: 1056:Since the 1980s the term karate ( 1021:) to the end of the word karate. 61:Japanese and Okinawan martial art 12138: 12137: 11315: 11268: 11258: 10765:Historical European martial arts 9887: 9838: 9829: 9828: 9279: 8643: 8617: 8600: 8574: 8544: 8532:from the original on 7 June 2010 8514: 8488: 8462: 8436: 8412: 8386: 8342: 8320:"Talking With…Michael Jai White" 8312: 8280: 8257: 8220: 8165: 8153:from the original on 13 May 2023 8135: 8094:from the original on 27 May 2023 8076: 8064:from the original on 27 May 2023 8030:from the original on 27 May 2023 8021: 8000:from the original on 27 May 2023 7982: 7952: 7920: 7908:from the original on 15 May 2009 7888: 7862: 7820: 7789: 7758: 7715: 7703:from the original on 13 May 2023 7685: 7673:from the original on 21 May 2023 7655: 7643:from the original on 21 May 2023 7624: 7612:from the original on 21 May 2023 7598: 7572: 7509: 7475: 7453: 7419: 7385: 7363: 7337: 7288: 7275: 7263:from the original on 29 May 2018 7253:"About Grandmaster Robert Trias" 7244: 7166: 7139: 7113: 7083: 7053: 7041:from the original on 5 July 2022 7023: 6964: 6935: 6906: 6880: 6823: 6814: 6805: 6790: 6764: 6752:from the original on 3 June 2020 6738: 6712: 6670:from the original on 5 June 2021 6638:from the original on 3 June 2020 6118:from the original on 19 May 2010 5888:. Minato Research. p. 135. 5527:The Untold Story of Kanbun Uechi 5294:. A & C Black. p. 154. 5190:Uezato, Takashi (October 2002). 4465:Gary J. Krug (1 November 2001). 4137: 3213:In the 1960s, Anthony Mirakian, 3132: 2803: 2545:on the ground are also allowed. 2328:was formally founded in 1957 by 2120:, but initially belonged to the 1960:) undesirable. The name karate ( 791:for the character "唐" (tō/とう in 421:indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts 333: 161: 86: 11269: 9351:Professional wrestling in Japan 8657:from the original on 3 May 2011 7832:Ultimate History of Video games 7808:from the original on 7 May 2023 7146:Resnekov, Liam (16 July 2014). 7071:from the original on 1 May 2024 6894:from the original on 2 May 2024 6682: 6650: 6620: 6605: 6601:. sherdog.com. 8 February 2019. 6591: 6572: 6560:from the original on 7 May 2013 6506: 6444: 6412: 6400:from the original on 2 May 2014 6360: 6334: 6300: 6266: 6244: 6218: 6162: 6130: 6104: 6054:. A & C Black. p. 25. 6043: 6018: 5992: 5977: 5952: 5927: 5902: 5877: 5827: 5808: 5789: 5770: 5725: 5698: 5652: 5633: 5573: 5558: 5532: 5519: 5501:"Patrick McCarthy, footnote #4" 5492: 5463: 5448: 5404: 5385: 5366: 5337: 5308: 5283: 5254: 5214: 5183: 5174: 5112: 5093: 5074: 5039: 5020: 4987: 4968: 4942: 4938:(in Japanese). 27 October 1936. 4927: 4882: 4849: 4830: 4797: 4778: 4745: 4726: 4687: 4668: 4649:「近代沖縄空手の現状と課題」: 空手家たちの目指す空手の精神性 4639: 4629:Wiktionary, the free dictionary 4617: 4567: 4535: 4510: 4485: 4458: 4433: 3374:dissolution of the Soviet Union 3359: 3334:system. The original taekwondo 2980:shiki zokuze kū kū zokuze shiki 2822:International Olympic Committee 2678:International Olympic Committee 2597: 1792:In addition to the three early 1395: 608:International Olympic Committee 8116:Hutton, Robert (2 July 2022). 7562:"Exclusive: UK Karate History" 7177:. Graphic Communications Group 6944:"25. Karate Future's Progress" 6915:"11. New Directions in Karate" 6799:100 Masters of Okinawan Karate 5648:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. 5567:100 Masters of Okinawan Karate 5542:. 1 March 2009. Archived from 4442:Okinawan Karate Second Edition 4403: 4378: 4365: 4241: 4225:. 2 March 2009. Archived from 4107:Many other film stars such as 3379: 1757:and founded what would become 1553:It is not known when the name 1431:(reigned 1713–1751). Nishinda 924:The first documented use of a 899:) along with karate. The word 767:) in the Japanese style. Both 610:. Web Japan (sponsored by the 596:have established rules called 472:Beginning in the 1300s, early 313:1981 – present 208:Karate World Championship 2006 13: 1: 12179:History of Okinawa Prefecture 9341:List of Japanese martial arts 9123:Karate at the Summer Olympics 9118:European Karate Championships 7432:. University of Texas Press. 7285:and Emil Farkas, pgs. 170–197 7205:Journal of Asian Martial Arts 6516:. mmamicks.com. 8 June 2015. 6170:"The Global Allure of Karate" 4837:Nakasone, Genwa, ed. (1938). 4178: 4168:Karate at the Summer Olympics 3835:styles, including Karate and 3819:(1984–present) is a Japanese 3586:Karate Union of Great Britain 2961: 2902:system from the judo founder 2832:. Karate also debuted at the 2148: 1745:before the war; (before 1946) 1435:was good at spear as well as 1263:) or that it originated from 96: 8350:"Yasuaki Kurata Filmography" 8266:. Ezine.kungfumagazine.com. 7697:Australian Olympic Committee 7488:. Cornell University Press. 7429:Sport and Political Ideology 6722:. Olympic.org. 1 June 2016. 6579:Dan Shapiro (17 July 2014). 6254:. September 1992. p. 31 6112:"World Karate Confederation" 6078:Goldstein, Gary (May 1982). 5198:(in Japanese) (5): 105–128. 4385:Draeger & Smith (1969). 4223:"History of Okinawan Karate" 3892:Film stars and their styles 3855:Hong Kong martial arts films 3853:, combined with elements of 3630:Australian Karate Federation 3623: 3476:Karate in the United Kingdom 3280:Japanese occupation of Korea 2894:with different colored belts 2324:A new form of karate called 2200:Okinawa Prefectural Assembly 2147:Masters of karate in Tokyo ( 1666:Karate training in front of 1222:Thirty-six families from Min 950:) written in August 1905 by 621: 546:, the name was changed from 95:, an Okinawan karate master 7: 8470:"Yukari Oshima's Biography" 7564:. Bushinkai. Archived from 6514:"Who is Michelle Waterson?" 4153:Comparison of karate styles 4130: 3644:In film and popular culture 3139:Karate in the United States 3123:National Karate Association 3087: 2992:Comparison of karate styles 2816:in Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2682:National Olympic Committees 2569: 2510:is free or structured with 2355: 2234: 1984:) had already been used by 1682:(1809–1899) began teaching 1549:19th and early 20th century 1169:Theory of development from 405: 10: 12205: 9108:Asian Karate Championships 9098:Karate World Championships 8745: 7173:Aggrey, Joe (6 May 1997). 6973:"Chapter-1.1 Basic Karate" 6942:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1984) . 6913:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1974) . 6830:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1984) . 6797:Hokama, Tetsuhiro (2005). 6052:Winning Karate Competition 5640:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 5569:. Ozata Print. p. 28. 5565:Hokama, Tetsuhiro (2005). 5525:Fujimoto, Keisuke (2017). 5476:My Art and Skill of Karate 5350:My Art and Skill of Karate 5321:My Art and Skill of Karate 5119:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 5052:My Karate Studies Everyday 4856:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 4752:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 4694:Funakoshi, Gishin (1988). 4517:Nagamine, Shoshin (1976). 4163:Karate World Championships 3615: 3473: 3466:remains the most popular. 3383: 3346:World Taekwondo Federation 3271: 3229:, Gosei Yamaguchi (son of 3208:Shotokan Karate of America 3136: 2989: 2970:Funakoshi quoted from the 2954:, self-defense, routines, 2871: 2834:2018 Summer Youth Olympics 2826:karate as an Olympic sport 2814:2018 Summer Youth Olympics 2812:Bronze medal match at the 2770:American Free Style Karate 2636:. Sport Karate emphasizes 2573: 2466: 2429: 2414: 2395:(basics or fundamentals), 2359: 2336:, physical toughness, and 1854:and Chōfu Kyan (father of 1831: 1274: 1270: 1155: 542:In this era of escalating 70: 63: 12184:Mixed martial arts styles 12143:Sports at the World Games 12133: 12096: 12019: 11937: 11916: 11885: 11849: 11787: 11730:Artistic and dance sports 11729: 11669: 11619: 11327: 11254: 11191: 11146: 11076: 11031: 10961: 10882: 10878: 10867: 10813: 10745: 10683: 10588: 10530: 10488: 10360: 10245: 10197: 10140: 10023: 9943: 9939: 9928: 9895: 9824: 9704: 9570: 9366: 9333: 9277: 9136: 9113:Karate at the Asian Games 9093:Karate at the World Games 9080: 9044: 8998: 8950: 8797: 8771: 8753: 8052:Gerardo (19 April 2021). 7539:– via Google Books. 7505:– via Google Books. 7471:– via Google Books. 7449:– via Google Books. 7415:– via Google Books. 7381:– via Google Books. 7185:– via Google Books. 7006:The Essential Karate Book 6862:Pruim, Andy (June 1990). 5046:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1980). 4173:Karate at the World Games 3718:(1953–present), the main 3430: 3390: 3338:were identical to karate 3274:Korea under Japanese rule 3092: 3075: 2985: 2720:and other organizations. 2462: 2243: 2053:the way of the empty hand 2036: 2026: 2018:Tokyo Imperial University 1994: 1962: 1935: 1599: 1559: 1506: 1489: 1366: 1356: 1305: 1182: 1160: 1127: 1116: 1101: 1093: 1058: 1017: 1011: 980: 956: 946: 905: 879: 849: 839: 829: 795:) which is derived from " 745: 561: 549: 487: 463: 430: 399: 325: 307: 295: 287: 282: 274: 264: 256: 251: 236: 223: 218:; men's heavyweight final 196: 175: 148: 130: 120: 112: 106: 85: 8709:5 September 2008 at the 8678:The Search for Weng Weng 8625:"Matt Mullins Biography" 8274:12 November 2013 at the 6971:Mishra, Tamanna (2020). 6484:"Montreal's MMA Warrior" 6050:Mitchell, David (1991). 6025:Higaonna, Morio (1985). 5884:Higaonna, Morio (1990). 5430:Higaonna, Morio (1985). 4733:Higaonna, Morio (2001). 4194:Higaonna, Morio (1985). 3784:The Karate Kid, Part III 3527:Japan Karate Association 3442: 3321:under the leadership of 3267: 3246:Japan Karate Association 3155:in the United States in 3070: 2974:, which is prominent in 2728:Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) 2663: 2614:is a striking post. The 2410: 2011:the way of the Tang hand 1827: 1593:became distinguished as 419:. It developed from the 39:latest accepted revision 11737:Artistic roller skating 10997:Former official sports 10425:Northern Praying Mantis 10000:Mainland Southeast Asia 8704:World Karate Federation 8528:. London. 4 June 2010. 7896:"The Karate Generation" 7765:Polly, Matthew (2019). 6612:Kavanagh, John (2016). 5959:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 5934:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 5909:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 5152:Kinjo, Hiroshi (2011). 5081:Miyagi, Chojun (1934). 4735:剛柔流空手道史：二大拳聖東恩納寛量宮城長順 4492:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 4349:An Outline of Karate-Do 3986:Don "The Dragon" Wilson 3833:east Asian martial arts 3778:The Karate Kid, Part II 3775:(1984) and its sequels 3301:, Lee had incorporated 3293:. Having studied under 3262: 2674:World Karate Federation 2508:World Karate Federation 2425: 2154:), from left to right, 1510:), along with Japanese 1200:with martial elements, 694:also came to be called 616:World Karate Federation 474:Chinese martial artists 365:Japanese pronunciation: 231:World Karate Federation 66:Karate (disambiguation) 18:Karateka (martial arts) 10836:Professional wrestling 10503:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 9590:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 8229:"Hanshi's Corner 1106" 8022:Arts, Way of Martial. 7251:Harty, Sensei Thomas. 7150:. Fightland.vice.com. 5659:Motobu, Chōki (1926). 5540:"Kanbun Uechi history" 5472:Watashi no Karatejutsu 5411:Motobu, Chōki (1932). 5373:Motobu, Chōki (1932). 5346:Watashi no Karatejutsu 5317:Watashi no Karatejutsu 4994:Mifune, Kyuzo (1958). 4889:Motobu, Chōki (1926). 4804:Mifune, Kyuzo (1958). 4785:Motobu, Chōki (1926). 4521:. Tuttle. p. 47. 4494:The Heart of Karate-Do 4444:. Tuttle. p. 11. 3660: 3403: 3244:, a co-founder of the 3145:United States military 2895: 2883: 2817: 2521:In structured kumite ( 2485: 2444: 2178: 2174:, Genwa Nakasone, and 2089:is distinguished from 1888: 1843: 1746: 1675: 1521:In 1609, the Japanese 1291: 1062:) has been written in 288:Country or region 12189:Summer Olympic sports 12174:Japanese martial arts 11681:Winter Olympic sports 11609:Greco-Roman wrestling 11321:Summer Olympic sports 10932:Demonstration sports 9834:Japanese martial arts 9327:Japanese martial arts 8784:Okinawan martial arts 8779:Japanese martial arts 8627:. n.d. Archived from 8498:. n.d. Archived from 8396:. n.d. Archived from 8394:"Martial Arts Legend" 8382:on 28 September 2009. 7667:karatevictoria.com.au 7009:. Tuttle. p. 6. 7003:Lund, Graeme (2015). 6616:. Penguin. p. 6. 6368:"Shinkaratedo Renmei" 6273:Joel Alswang (2003). 6090:Active Interest Media 5961:The Heart of Karatedo 5936:The Heart of Karatedo 5911:The Heart of Karatedo 5783:Introduction to Kenpō 5457:Monthly Bunka Okinawa 5290:Bishop, Mark (1989). 5158:From Karate to Karate 5087:Overview of Karate-dō 4440:Bishop, Mark (1999). 4248:Bishop, Mark (1989). 4158:Japanese martial arts 4036:Jean-Claude Van Damme 3857:, with influences of 3674:Japanese martial arts 3651: 3398: 3317:'s order, and became 3159:, a Shuri-ryū karate 2889: 2881: 2811: 2778:American Kenpo Karate 2476: 2439: 2146: 2118:Dai Nippon Butoku Kai 1886: 1841: 1740: 1665: 1289: 1277:Okinawan martial arts 690:, it is thought that 73:Karateka (video game) 12020:Past official sports 11999:Competition climbing 11982:Speed roller skating 11752:Acrobatic gymnastics 11620:Discretionary sports 11192:Martial arts at the 11147:Martial arts at the 11077:Martial arts at the 11032:Martial arts at the 11012:Invitational sports 10962:Martial arts at the 10883:Martial arts at the 10805:Pencak Silat Harimau 10643:Pencak Silat Harimau 10575:Submission wrestling 10280:Luta Livre esportiva 8897:Shōrinjiryū Kenkōkan 8789:Chinese martial arts 8758:Comparison of styles 8611:5 March 2013 at the 8400:on 29 September 2013 7904:. 18 February 2010. 7568:on 23 February 2014. 6587:on 14 February 2020. 4298:Smithsonian Magazine 3747:in 1976, but it was 3634:2020 Summer Olympics 3571:Kensington Town Hall 3399:Karate movements in 3165:William J. Dometrich 2862:2028 Summer Olympics 2830:2020 Summer Olympics 2820:In August 2016, the 2217:—mostly called just 2065:suffix implies that 1816:karate based on the 1468:), as he was like a 1463:little fighting cock 1085:15th – 18th century 604:2020 Summer Olympics 554:("Chinese hand" or " 442:Chinese martial arts 184:Chinese martial arts 12097:Invitational sports 11767:Rhythmic gymnastics 11604:Freestyle wrestling 11500:Rhythmic gymnastics 11495:Artistic gymnastics 10873:International games 10555:Full contact karate 10545:Professional boxing 10260:Brazilian jiu-jitsu 8552:"Why is he famous?" 8502:on 3 September 2015 8300:on 29 November 2010 8236:Midori Yama Budokai 8179:. 1 November 2011. 8147:www.whoaisnotme.net 7966:. 11 January 2021. 7828:"Heavyweight Champ" 7398:. Lexington Books. 7351:on 10 December 2014 7199:Robert, T. (2006). 7035:Way of Martial Arts 6228:. Wukf-karate.org. 6085:Black Belt Magazine 5986:Monthly Budo Shūdan 5646:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 5127:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 4950:"季節の話題：10月25日空手の日" 4915:on 10 December 2004 4909:"What's In A Name?" 4864:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 4760:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 4473:on 17 February 2008 4345:Karate-doh Gaisetsu 4145:Martial arts portal 3893: 3868:In the film series 3850:Journey to the West 3790:The Next Karate Kid 3670:1964 Tokyo Olympics 3024:'s teachings); but 2710:Full contact karate 2634:muscle coordination 2494:Full contact karate 2346:full contact karate 2260:free-style practice 2162:, Takeshi Shimoda, 2058:) in the same way. 1869:(founder of judo). 1282:15th–17th centuries 1231:There is also the " 1081: 573:martial arts movies 544:Japanese militarism 499:and had become its 226:governing body 193: 82: 29:Page version status 11757:Aerobic gymnastics 11035:Pan American Games 10712:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu 10623:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 10560:Mixed martial arts 9604:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 9204:Nijūshiho/Niseishi 8245:on 18 January 2012 7876:on 5 December 1998 7773:Simon and Schuster 7739:' in these terms: 7257:suncoastkarate.com 6553:The New York Times 6370:. Shinkarate.net. 6313:. Human Kinetics. 6310:Competitive Karate 6172:. 2 January 2017. 6150:on 7 November 2011 6006:on 4 December 2010 5507:on 30 January 2014 4662:20.500.12000/44338 4519:Okinawan Karate-do 3891: 3757:in 1984. In 1987, 3731:martial arts genre 3698:Asian martial arts 3678:martial arts films 3661: 3573:on 21 April 1965. 3523:Masatoshi Nakayama 3425:Hidetaka Nishiyama 3404: 3242:Hidetaka Nishiyama 3173:Cecil T. Patterson 3016:'s teachings) and 2940:motor coordination 2896: 2884: 2858:2024 Olympic Games 2818: 2734:mixed martial arts 2642:anaerobic exercise 2486: 2445: 2179: 1891:In November 1922, 1889: 1844: 1747: 1678:Around the 1820s, 1676: 1539:Fujian White Crane 1514:swordsmanship and 1345:Motobu Palace Hand 1292: 1077: 727:Around 1905, when 583:. Karate schools ( 581:Asian martial arts 509:Okinawa Prefecture 482:Invasion of Ryukyu 191: 157:Okinawa prefecture 80: 35: 12156: 12155: 11689: 11688: 11677:Paralympic sports 11522:Modern pentathlon 11350:Marathon Swimming 11282: 11281: 11250: 11249: 11246: 11245: 10863: 10862: 10859: 10858: 10826:Martial arts film 9855: 9854: 9695:Zero Range Combat 9293: 9292: 9286:The Karate Portal 9194:Kūsankū/Kanku-dai 8588:on 29 August 2013 8476:on 28 August 2012 7782:978-1-5011-8763-6 7768:Bruce Lee: A Life 7325:on 11 August 2017 6700:on 13 August 2016 6138:"Activity Report" 5580:Shō, Kyū (1915). 4528:978-0-8048-2110-0 4451:978-0-8048-3205-2 4415:We Are The Mighty 4396:978-0-87011-436-6 4104: 4103: 4090:Shindō jinen-ryū 4066:Tadashi Yamashita 3956:Michael Jai White 3744:Heavyweight Champ 3666:inclusion of judo 3590:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3575:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3559:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3417:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3366:Nikita Khrushchev 3235:Michael G. Foster 3185:Donald Hugh Nagle 3151:opened the first 2968:Karate-Do Kyohan, 2936:Equilibrioception 2828:beginning at the 2762:Michelle Waterson 2754:Georges St-Pierre 2658:stress management 2132:after this dōjō. 1929:With the rise of 1700:. He created the 1659:from the others. 1153: 1152: 1070:Karate (founder: 938:Chinese character 936:by replacing the 921:(swordsmanship). 866:, who still used 415:developed in the 386: 317: 316: 189: 188: 149:Country of origin 47:17 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 12196: 12141: 12140: 12120:Wheelchair rugby 12037:Beach volleyball 11898:Billiards sports 11886:Precision sports 11716: 11709: 11702: 11693: 11692: 11587:Beach volleyball 11328:Mandatory sports 11319: 11309: 11302: 11295: 11286: 11285: 11272: 11271: 11262: 10880: 10879: 10869: 10868: 9941: 9940: 9930: 9929: 9882: 9875: 9868: 9859: 9858: 9842: 9832: 9831: 9320: 9313: 9306: 9297: 9296: 9283: 8999:Training methods 8877:Shindo Jinen Ryu 8740: 8733: 8726: 8717: 8716: 8692: 8691: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8621: 8615: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8584:. Archived from 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8558:. 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Notion Press. 6968: 6962: 6961: 6939: 6933: 6932: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6859: 6850: 6849: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6812: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6549: 6541: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6490:. Archived from 6479: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6448: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6195: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6149: 6143:. 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Archived from 5496: 5490: 5489: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5241: 5234: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5192:"古琉球の軍隊とその歴史的展開" 5187: 5181: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5056: 5055: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5033:Karate-Do My Way 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4981:Outline of Kenpo 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4697:Karate-do Nyumon 4691: 4685: 4684: 4681:Karate-Do My Way 4672: 4666: 4665: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4602: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4581:on 26 April 2013 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4554: 4547: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4417:. 2 April 2018. 4407: 4401: 4400: 4382: 4376: 4371:The name of the 4369: 4363: 4362: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4325: 4316: 4315: 4309: 4301: 4289: 4266: 4263: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4219: 4210: 4209: 4191: 4147: 4142: 4141: 4140: 3894: 3890: 3806:Karate Kommandos 3594:Keinosuke Enoeda 3579:Keinosuke Enoeda 3563:Keinosuke Enoeda 3539:Mitsusuke Harada 3535:Gichin Funakoshi 3508:Tetsuji Murakami 3504:Gichin Funakoshi 3500:Minoru Mochizuki 3413:Keinosuke Enoeda 3386:Karate Pilipinas 3295:Gichin Funakoshi 3219:Teruyuki Okazaki 3177:Gordon Doversola 3163:. In the 1950s, 3157:Phoenix, Arizona 3119:Tsuyoshi Chitose 3002:Gichin Funakoshi 2792:. Additionally, 2786:Robert Whittaker 2774:Stephen Thompson 2638:aerobic exercise 2350:Knockdown karate 2299:Yasuhiro Konishi 2283:Gichin Funakoshi 2266: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2239: 2192:Shinpan Gusukuma 2164:Gichin Funakoshi 2153: 2150: 2140:meaning "hall". 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2039: 2038: 2029: 2028: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1842:Gichin Funakoshi 1810:Nanpa Shorin-ken 1783:Seikichi Toguchi 1779:Miyazato Ei'ichi 1728:Gichin Funakoshi 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1509: 1508: 1492: 1491: 1481:Kōchi Prefecture 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1439:, and Gushikawa 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1362:Kyō Ahagon Jikki 1359: 1358: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1308: 1307: 1185: 1184: 1082: 1076: 1061: 1060: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 983: 982: 959: 958: 949: 948: 908: 907: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 882: 881: 854: 852: 851: 844: 842: 841: 834: 832: 831: 797:Gaya Confederacy 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 748: 747: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 565: 564: 563: 553: 552: 551: 529:Gichin Funakoshi 491: 490: 489: 468: 466: 465: 435: 433: 432: 410: 408: 402: 401: 391: 389:[kaɽati] 381: 379: 378: 377: 371: 369:[kaɾate] 366: 362: 361: 358: 357: 354: 351: 348: 345: 342: 339: 330: 328: 327: 201: 194: 190: 167: 165: 164: 115: 114: 101: 98: 90: 83: 79: 21: 12204: 12203: 12199: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12194: 12193: 12159: 12158: 12157: 12152: 12129: 12092: 12015: 11933: 11917:Strength sports 11912: 11881: 11845: 11783: 11725: 11720: 11690: 11685: 11665: 11615: 11431:Mountain biking 11323: 11313: 11283: 11278: 11242: 11193: 11187: 11148: 11142: 11078: 11072: 11033: 11027: 10963: 10957: 10886:Summer Olympics 10884: 10874: 10855: 10809: 10741: 10679: 10593: 10584: 10535: 10526: 10484: 10480:Yoshukai Karate 10440:Shaolin kung fu 10356: 10241: 10217:Practice weapon 10193: 10136: 10026: 10019: 9945:Regional origin 9935: 9924: 9891: 9886: 9856: 9851: 9820: 9700: 9566: 9470:Kusarigamajutsu 9362: 9329: 9324: 9294: 9289: 9273: 9229:Seisan/Hangetsu 9199:Naihanchi/Tekki 9132: 9076: 9040: 8994: 8946: 8793: 8767: 8749: 8744: 8711:Wayback Machine 8700: 8695: 8688: 8674: 8670: 8660: 8658: 8649: 8648: 8644: 8634: 8632: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8613:Wayback Machine 8605: 8601: 8591: 8589: 8580: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8562:on 9 April 2010 8550: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8479: 8477: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8442: 8441: 8437: 8427: 8425: 8418: 8417: 8413: 8403: 8401: 8392: 8391: 8387: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8318: 8317: 8313: 8303: 8301: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8276:Wayback Machine 8262: 8258: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8231: 8225: 8221: 8214: 8201: 8200: 8196: 8186: 8184: 8171: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8114: 8107: 8097: 8095: 8082: 8081: 8077: 8067: 8065: 8050: 8043: 8033: 8031: 8020: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7988: 7987: 7983: 7973: 7971: 7958: 7957: 7953: 7943: 7941: 7926: 7925: 7921: 7911: 7909: 7894: 7893: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7811: 7809: 7794: 7790: 7783: 7775:. p. 145. 7763: 7759: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7691: 7690: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7646: 7644: 7629: 7625: 7615: 7613: 7606:"History – OKF" 7604: 7603: 7599: 7589: 7587: 7578: 7577: 7573: 7560: 7559: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7480: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7390: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7369: 7368: 7364: 7354: 7352: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7299: 7293: 7289: 7280: 7276: 7266: 7264: 7249: 7245: 7235: 7233: 7224: 7223: 7216: 7197: 7190: 7180: 7178: 7171: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7127:on 2 April 2015 7119: 7118: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7044: 7042: 7029: 7028: 7024: 7017: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6948:This is Karate! 6940: 6936: 6929: 6919:What is Karate? 6911: 6907: 6897: 6895: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6871: 6869: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6836:This is Karate! 6828: 6824: 6819: 6815: 6810: 6806: 6795: 6791: 6781: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6729: 6727: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6673: 6671: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6610: 6606: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6542: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6512: 6511: 6507: 6497: 6495: 6494:on 13 June 2007 6482:Wickert, Marc. 6480: 6476: 6466: 6464: 6457:Bleacher Report 6449: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6403: 6401: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6375: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6351: 6349: 6344:. Koshiki.org. 6340: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6305: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6271: 6267: 6257: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6196: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6114:. Wkc-org.net. 6110: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6048: 6044: 6037: 6023: 6019: 6009: 6007: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5867: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5813: 5809: 5802:Karatedō Kyōhan 5794: 5790: 5775: 5771: 5751: 5750: 5730: 5726: 5703: 5699: 5676: 5672: 5657: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5596:10.11501/933701 5578: 5574: 5563: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5546:on 1 March 2009 5538: 5537: 5533: 5524: 5520: 5510: 5508: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5468: 5464: 5453: 5449: 5442: 5428: 5424: 5409: 5405: 5390: 5386: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5292:Okinawan Karate 5288: 5284: 5277: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5232: 5224:鹿児島県史料旧記雑録後編4 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5117: 5113: 5098: 5094: 5079: 5075: 5068: 5059: 5044: 5040: 5025: 5021: 5011: 5009: 4992: 4988: 4973: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4854: 4850: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4802: 4798: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4750: 4746: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4708: 4692: 4688: 4673: 4669: 4644: 4640: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4611:Karatedō Kyōhan 4603: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4515: 4511: 4504: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4422: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4383: 4379: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4341: 4337: 4326: 4319: 4303: 4302: 4290: 4269: 4260: 4250:Okinawan Karate 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4229:on 2 March 2009 4221: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4192: 4185: 4181: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4105: 3936:Hiroyuki Sanada 3900:Fighting style 3821:media franchise 3659:for many years. 3646: 3638:Tsuneari Yahiro 3626: 3618: 3478: 3472: 3445: 3433: 3393: 3388: 3382: 3362: 3299:Chuo University 3276: 3270: 3265: 3257:Takayuki Kubota 3250:Takayuki Mikami 3231:Gōgen Yamaguchi 3210:(SKA) in 1969. 3199:Tsutomu Ohshima 3141: 3135: 3115:Masami Tsuruoka 3104:Hironori Otsuka 3100:Masaru Shintani 3095: 3090: 3078: 3073: 2994: 2988: 2964: 2890:Karatekas at a 2876: 2870: 2868:Dan Rank system 2806: 2730: 2666: 2600: 2578: 2572: 2471: 2465: 2434: 2428: 2419: 2413: 2368: 2362:Okinawan kobudō 2358: 2330:Masutatsu Oyama 2311:Hironori Ōtsuka 2303:Shuichi Nagaoka 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2240: 2198:. In 2005, the 2196:Chōshin Chibana 2160:Hironori Otsuka 2151: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 1986:Chōmo Hanashiro 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1836: 1834:Karate in Japan 1830: 1751:Higaonna Kanryō 1724:Hanashiro Chōmo 1680:Matsumura Sōkon 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1551: 1493:) performed by 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1398: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1284: 1279: 1273: 1253: 1218: 1174: 1163: 1158: 1079:Name Transition 1072:Masutatsu Oyama 999: 996: 993: 990: 965:Keio University 952:Chōmo Hanashiro 896: 893: 890: 887: 846: 836: 826: 764: 761: 758: 755: 717: 714: 711: 708: 675: 672: 669: 666: 649: 646: 643: 640: 624: 559: 547: 511:. The Ryukyuan 505:Empire of Japan 485: 460: 427: 396: 373: 372: 364: 336: 332: 322: 252:Characteristics 237:First developed 219: 162: 160: 102: 99: 93:Chōmo Hanashiro 76: 69: 62: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12202: 12192: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12134: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12111: 12106: 12100: 12098: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12090: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12052:Indoor cycling 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12023: 12021: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12011: 12001: 11996: 11995: 11994: 11989: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11957:Canoe marathon 11954: 11953: 11952: 11941: 11939: 11935: 11934: 11932: 11931: 11926: 11920: 11918: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11889: 11887: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11853: 11851: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11795:Beach handball 11791: 11789: 11785: 11784: 11782: 11781: 11780: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11744: 11739: 11733: 11731: 11727: 11726: 11719: 11718: 11711: 11704: 11696: 11687: 11686: 11684: 11683: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11629: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11613: 11612: 11611: 11606: 11596: 11591: 11590: 11589: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11552:Sport climbing 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11508: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11466: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11445: 11444: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11413: 11412: 11411: 11406: 11396: 11391: 11390: 11389: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11363: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11331: 11329: 11325: 11324: 11312: 11311: 11304: 11297: 11289: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11276: 11266: 11255: 11252: 11251: 11248: 11247: 11244: 11243: 11241: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11199: 11197: 11195:European Games 11189: 11188: 11186: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11154: 11152: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11140: 11139: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11084: 11082: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11039: 11037: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11025: 11024: 11023: 11018: 11010: 11009: 11008: 11003: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10969: 10967: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10955: 10954: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10941:Pistol dueling 10938: 10930: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10890: 10888: 10876: 10875: 10865: 10864: 10861: 10860: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10823: 10817: 10815: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10770:Huiyen Lallong 10767: 10762: 10757: 10751: 10749: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10727:Shorinji Kempo 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10697:American Kenpo 10693: 10691: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10646: 10645: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10541: 10539: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10524: 10517: 10512: 10505: 10500: 10494: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10430:Russian boxing 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10366: 10364: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10262: 10257: 10251: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10203: 10201: 10195: 10194: 10192: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10184: 10177:Ranged weapons 10174: 10173: 10172: 10167: 10165:Stick-fighting 10162: 10160:Knife fighting 10152: 10146: 10144: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10134: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10097: 10096: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10067: 10066: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10031: 10029: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9991: 9990: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9949: 9947: 9937: 9936: 9934:Classification 9926: 9925: 9923: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9900:List of styles 9896: 9893: 9892: 9885: 9884: 9877: 9870: 9862: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9836: 9825: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9811: 9804: 9803: 9802: 9788: 9781: 9774: 9767: 9760: 9753: 9752: 9751: 9737: 9734:Bugei jūhappan 9730: 9723: 9716: 9708: 9706: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9663: 9660:Shorinji Kempo 9656: 9649: 9642: 9635: 9628: 9621: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9593: 9586: 9578: 9576: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9557: 9550: 9543: 9536: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9473: 9466: 9459: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9431: 9424: 9417: 9410: 9403: 9396: 9389: 9382: 9374: 9372: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9358: 9348: 9343: 9337: 9335: 9331: 9330: 9323: 9322: 9315: 9308: 9300: 9291: 9290: 9278: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9164:Chintō/Gankaku 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9084: 9082: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9002: 9000: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8956: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8803: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8775: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8765: 8760: 8754: 8751: 8750: 8743: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8720: 8714: 8713: 8699: 8698:External links 8696: 8694: 8693: 8686: 8668: 8642: 8616: 8599: 8573: 8543: 8513: 8487: 8461: 8435: 8411: 8385: 8367: 8341: 8311: 8293:Inside Kung Fu 8279: 8256: 8219: 8212: 8194: 8164: 8134: 8105: 8090:. 5 May 2020. 8075: 8041: 8011: 7981: 7951: 7919: 7887: 7861: 7849: 7819: 7788: 7781: 7757: 7714: 7684: 7654: 7637:Finding Karate 7623: 7597: 7586:on 29 May 2013 7571: 7542: 7528: 7508: 7494: 7474: 7452: 7438: 7418: 7404: 7384: 7362: 7336: 7287: 7274: 7243: 7214: 7188: 7165: 7138: 7112: 7082: 7052: 7037:. 3 May 2020. 7022: 7015: 6992: 6985: 6963: 6956: 6934: 6927: 6905: 6879: 6851: 6844: 6822: 6813: 6804: 6789: 6763: 6737: 6711: 6681: 6649: 6619: 6604: 6590: 6571: 6531: 6505: 6488:Knucklepit.com 6474: 6443: 6411: 6385: 6359: 6333: 6319: 6299: 6285: 6265: 6243: 6217: 6187: 6161: 6129: 6103: 6067: 6060: 6042: 6035: 6029:. p. 67. 6017: 5991: 5976: 5969: 5951: 5944: 5926: 5919: 5901: 5894: 5876: 5852: 5826: 5807: 5788: 5769: 5724: 5697: 5684:Karate Studies 5670: 5651: 5632: 5613: 5572: 5557: 5531: 5518: 5491: 5484: 5462: 5447: 5440: 5434:. p. 19. 5422: 5403: 5384: 5365: 5358: 5336: 5329: 5307: 5300: 5282: 5275: 5263:対談近代空手道の歴史を語る 5253: 5213: 5182: 5173: 5167:978-4583104294 5166: 5144: 5111: 5092: 5073: 5057: 5038: 5019: 4986: 4967: 4941: 4926: 4900: 4881: 4848: 4829: 4796: 4777: 4744: 4725: 4706: 4686: 4667: 4638: 4616: 4592: 4566: 4534: 4527: 4509: 4502: 4484: 4457: 4450: 4432: 4402: 4395: 4377: 4364: 4357: 4335: 4317: 4267: 4258: 4240: 4211: 4204: 4198:. p. 17. 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4132: 4129: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4016:Leung Siu-Lung 4012: 4011: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3996:Richard Norton 3992: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3966:Yasuaki Kurata 3962: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3946:Dolph Lundgren 3942: 3941: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3889: 3801:The Karate Kid 3772:The Karate Kid 3764:Street Fighter 3739:fighting games 3690:from Hong Kong 3645: 3642: 3625: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3567:Hiroshi Shirai 3474:Main article: 3471: 3470:United Kingdom 3468: 3448:Hiroshi Shirai 3444: 3441: 3432: 3429: 3421:Hiroshi Shirai 3392: 3389: 3381: 3378: 3361: 3358: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3189:George Mattson 3181:Harold G. Long 3137:Main article: 3134: 3131: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067:among others. 3020:(derived from 3012:(derived from 2987: 2984: 2963: 2960: 2932:Karate stances 2869: 2866: 2850:sport climbing 2805: 2802: 2729: 2726: 2712:rules used by 2665: 2662: 2599: 2596: 2574:Main article: 2571: 2568: 2467:Main article: 2464: 2461: 2430:Main article: 2427: 2424: 2415:Main article: 2412: 2409: 2357: 2354: 1832:Main article: 1829: 1826: 1787:Morio Higaonna 1583:Kanga Sakugawa 1550: 1547: 1523:Satsuma Domain 1423:and Gushikawa 1397: 1394: 1283: 1280: 1275:Main article: 1272: 1269: 1252: 1251:Other theories 1249: 1245:Ōshima Writing 1237:Satsuma Domain 1224:" migrated to 1217: 1214: 1173: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1139: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1124:Karate(-jutsu) 1121: 1115: 1106: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1031:feudal culture 803:). Therefore, 623: 620: 497:Satsuma Domain 478:Ryukyu Kingdom 417:Ryukyu Kingdom 385:pronunciation: 315: 314: 311: 305: 304: 299: 293: 292: 289: 285: 284: 280: 279: 276: 272: 271: 268: 262: 261: 258: 254: 253: 249: 248: 241:Ryukyu Kingdom 238: 234: 233: 228: 221: 220: 202: 187: 186: 177: 173: 172: 153:Ryukyu Kingdom 150: 146: 145: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 108: 104: 103: 91: 60: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12201: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12136: 12135: 12132: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12109:Flag football 12107: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12099: 12095: 12088: 12087:Weightlifting 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12062:Roller hockey 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12024: 12022: 12018: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11947: 11946: 11943: 11942: 11940: 11936: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11915: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11903:Boules sports 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11884: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11848: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11815:Inline hockey 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11786: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11749: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11728: 11724: 11717: 11712: 11710: 11705: 11703: 11698: 11697: 11694: 11682: 11678: 11675: 11672: 11671: 11668: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11646:Flag football 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11624: 11622: 11618: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11601: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11594:Weightlifting 11592: 11588: 11585: 11584: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11547:Skateboarding 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11492: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11449: 11446: 11442: 11441:Track cycling 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11426:Freestyle BMX 11424: 11422: 11419: 11418: 11417: 11414: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11310: 11305: 11303: 11298: 11296: 11291: 11290: 11287: 11275: 11267: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11256: 11253: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11190: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11150:African Games 11145: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11075: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11030: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10960: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10924: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10887: 10881: 10877: 10870: 10866: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10831: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10821:Fighting game 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814:Entertainment 10812: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10785:Krabi–krabong 10783: 10781: 10780:Kalaripayattu 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10690: 10686: 10682: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10591: 10587: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10570:Shootfighting 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10537:combat sports 10533: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10510: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10487: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10465:Tien Shan Pai 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10390:Choi Kwang-Do 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10363: 10359: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10227:Pushing hands 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10196: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10179: 10178: 10175: 10171: 10170:Swordsmanship 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10157: 10156: 10155:Melee weapons 10153: 10151: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10139: 10133: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10098: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10022: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9931: 9927: 9921: 9920:Hard and soft 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9894: 9890: 9883: 9878: 9876: 9871: 9869: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9848: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9835: 9827: 9826: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9812: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9800: 9796: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9789: 9787: 9786: 9782: 9780: 9779: 9775: 9773: 9772: 9768: 9766: 9765: 9761: 9759: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9749: 9745: 9744: 9743: 9742: 9738: 9736: 9735: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9724: 9722: 9721: 9717: 9715: 9714: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9703: 9697: 9696: 9692: 9690: 9689: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9678: 9676: 9675: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9664: 9662: 9661: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9650: 9648: 9647: 9643: 9641: 9640: 9636: 9634: 9633: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9601: 9599: 9598: 9594: 9592: 9591: 9587: 9585: 9584: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9574: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9549: 9548: 9544: 9542: 9541: 9537: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9528: 9527: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9512:Shurikenjutsu 9509: 9507: 9506: 9502: 9500: 9499: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9484:Naginatajutsu 9481: 9479: 9478: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9453: 9451: 9450: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9411: 9409: 9408: 9404: 9402: 9401: 9397: 9395: 9394: 9390: 9388: 9387: 9383: 9381: 9380: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9365: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9321: 9316: 9314: 9309: 9307: 9302: 9301: 9298: 9288: 9287: 9282: 9276: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9209:Passai/Bassai 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9135: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9088:Karate Combat 9086: 9085: 9083: 9079: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8997: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8770: 8764: 8763:List of terms 8761: 8759: 8756: 8755: 8752: 8748: 8741: 8736: 8734: 8729: 8727: 8722: 8721: 8718: 8712: 8708: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8689: 8687:9780994411235 8683: 8679: 8672: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8631:on 8 May 2013 8630: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8603: 8587: 8583: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8547: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8501: 8497: 8491: 8475: 8471: 8465: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8423: 8422: 8415: 8399: 8395: 8389: 8381: 8377: 8371: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8315: 8299: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8283: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8260: 8241: 8237: 8230: 8227:Rogers, Ron. 8223: 8215: 8213:4-8164-1250-6 8209: 8205: 8198: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8138: 8123: 8119: 8112: 8110: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8079: 8063: 8059: 8058:Combat Museum 8055: 8048: 8046: 8029: 8025: 8018: 8016: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7955: 7939: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7923: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7858: 7853: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7823: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7784: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7761: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7729: 7724: 7721:For example, 7718: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7688: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7633:"Frank Nowak" 7627: 7611: 7607: 7601: 7585: 7581: 7575: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7531: 7529:9781136660528 7525: 7522:. Routledge. 7521: 7520: 7512: 7497: 7495:9781501703287 7491: 7487: 7486: 7478: 7462: 7456: 7441: 7439:9780292768871 7435: 7431: 7430: 7422: 7407: 7405:9780739178232 7401: 7397: 7396: 7388: 7372: 7366: 7350: 7346: 7340: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7283:John Corcoran 7278: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7247: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7195: 7193: 7176: 7169: 7153: 7149: 7142: 7126: 7122: 7116: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7026: 7018: 7016:9781462905591 7012: 7008: 7007: 6999: 6997: 6988: 6986:9781648288166 6982: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6959: 6957:0-87040-254-4 6953: 6949: 6945: 6938: 6930: 6928:0-87040-147-5 6924: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6867: 6866: 6858: 6856: 6847: 6845:0-87040-254-4 6841: 6837: 6833: 6826: 6817: 6808: 6800: 6793: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6715: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6653: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6615: 6608: 6600: 6594: 6586: 6582: 6575: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6548: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6478: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6447: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6415: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6322: 6320:9780736044929 6316: 6312: 6311: 6303: 6288: 6286:9780864865359 6282: 6278: 6277: 6269: 6253: 6247: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6192: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6146: 6139: 6133: 6117: 6113: 6107: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6072: 6063: 6061:0-7136-3402-2 6057: 6053: 6046: 6038: 6036:0-87040-595-0 6032: 6028: 6021: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5987: 5980: 5972: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5947: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5922: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5897: 5895:9780870408489 5891: 5887: 5880: 5872: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5811: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5784: 5780: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5617: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5576: 5568: 5561: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5528: 5522: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5487: 5485:9798601364751 5481: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5458: 5451: 5443: 5441:0-87040-595-0 5437: 5433: 5426: 5418: 5417:My karate Art 5414: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5379:My karate Art 5376: 5369: 5361: 5359:9798601364751 5355: 5351: 5347: 5340: 5332: 5330:9798601364751 5326: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5303: 5301:0-7136-5666-2 5297: 5293: 5286: 5278: 5276:9784583026060 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5225: 5217: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5177: 5169: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5053: 5049: 5042: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4971: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4937: 4936:Ryukyu Shimpo 4930: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4781: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4748: 4740: 4736: 4729: 4713: 4709: 4707:4-7700-1891-6 4703: 4699: 4698: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4551: 4544: 4538: 4530: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4505: 4503:0-87011-816-1 4499: 4495: 4488: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4398: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4368: 4360: 4358:4-900613-05-3 4354: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4331: 4324: 4322: 4313: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4261: 4259:0-7136-5666-2 4255: 4251: 4244: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4216: 4207: 4205:0-87040-595-0 4201: 4197: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4135: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4100:Undetermined 4099: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4027: 4026:Wesley Snipes 4024: 4023: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4007: 4006:Yukari Oshima 4004: 4003: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3907: 3906:Shin Koyamada 3904: 3903: 3899: 3897:Practitioner 3896: 3895: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3881:Yuen Woo-ping 3877: 3873: 3872: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694:kung fu craze 3691: 3687: 3683: 3682:kung fu films 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3588:(KUGB) under 3587: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3547:Tatsuo Suzuki 3544: 3540: 3537:'s students, 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3485:Kenshiro Abbe 3482: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3440: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3397: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3291:Chung Do Kwan 3288: 3284: 3281: 3275: 3260: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3223:John Pachivas 3220: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3133:United States 3130: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3085: 3083: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026:Chōjun Miyagi 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2888: 2880: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2842:skateboarding 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2810: 2804:Olympic Games 2801: 2799: 2795: 2794:John Kavanagh 2791: 2787: 2783: 2782:Gunnar Nelson 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2742:John Makdessi 2739: 2738:Lyoto Machida 2735: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706:Light contact 2702: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2691:) and forms ( 2690: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2606: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2554:light contact 2551: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2512:light contact 2509: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2423: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2401:(forms), and 2400: 2399: 2394: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2307:Hajime Isogai 2304: 2300: 2297:According to 2295: 2292: 2288: 2287:Shigeru Egami 2284: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2251: 2238: 2237: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2188:Chōjun Miyagi 2185: 2184:Jūhatsu Kyoda 2177: 2176:Shinken Taira 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156:Kanken Toyama 2145: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2044: 2033: 2023: 2019: 2002: 1991: 1987: 1970: 1954: 1943: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1920:Kanken Tōyama 1917: 1916:Chōjun Miyagi 1913: 1908: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1840: 1835: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1767:Chōjun Miyagi 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1607: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1567: 1556: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1391: 1374: 1363: 1353: 1336: 1331: 1330:Motobu Udundī 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1300: 1298: 1290:King Shō Shin 1288: 1278: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1179: 1172: 1166: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1131:(Empty hand) 1130: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1088:19th century 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1008: 1003: 988: 977: 972: 970: 966: 961: 953: 943: 942:Karate Kumite 939: 935: 931: 927: 922: 920: 919: 914: 913: 902: 894:Tang hand art 876: 871: 869: 865: 864:Chōjun Miyagi 860: 856: 845:or empty hand 823: 821: 817: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 753: 742: 738: 734: 730: 725: 723: 706: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 664: 659: 655: 638: 633: 629: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 600: 595: 590: 588: 587: 582: 578: 574: 569: 557: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 493: 483: 479: 475: 470: 459: 455: 454:joint locking 451: 447: 446:Modern Karate 443: 439: 426: 422: 418: 414: 407: 395: 390: 384: 376: 370: 360: 321: 312: 310: 306: 303: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 277: 273: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 246: 242: 239: 235: 232: 229: 227: 222: 217: 213: 209: 205: 200: 195: 185: 181: 178: 174: 170: 158: 155:(Present day 154: 151: 147: 144: 143:light-contact 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 109: 107:Also known as 105: 94: 89: 84: 78: 74: 67: 59: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 12067:Rugby sevens 12042:Bodybuilding 12009:Wakeboarding 12004:Water skiing 11977:Orienteering 11938:Trend sports 11924:Powerlifting 11861: 11850:Martial arts 11772:Trampolining 11673: 11650: 11562:Table tennis 11532:Rugby sevens 11505:Trampolining 11475:Field hockey 11463:Show jumping 11436:Road cycling 11409:Canoe sprint 11404:Canoe slalom 11217: 11172: 11131:Pencak silat 11102: 11057: 10841:Stage combat 10795:Mardani khel 10717:Jeet Kune Do 10675:Silat Melayu 10638:Pencak silat 10590:Self-defense 10532:Full contact 10519: 10507: 10445:Shoot boxing 10399: 10385:Chess boxing 10285:Malla-yuddha 10222:Punching bag 10212:Boxing glove 10069:Leg strikes 10048:Elbow strike 10034:Arm strikes 9889:Martial arts 9847:Martial arts 9813: 9806: 9797: 9790: 9783: 9776: 9769: 9762: 9755: 9746: 9739: 9732: 9725: 9718: 9711: 9693: 9686: 9679: 9672: 9667:Shoot boxing 9665: 9658: 9653:Nippon Kempo 9651: 9644: 9637: 9630: 9624: 9623: 9616: 9609: 9602: 9595: 9588: 9581: 9571: 9559: 9552: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9517: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9489: 9482: 9475: 9468: 9461: 9454: 9447: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9419: 9412: 9405: 9398: 9391: 9384: 9377: 9367: 9285: 9284: 9219:Rōhai/Meikyo 9036:Full contact 8746: 8677: 8671: 8659:. Retrieved 8645: 8633:. Retrieved 8629:the original 8619: 8602: 8590:. Retrieved 8586:the original 8576: 8564:. Retrieved 8560:the original 8555: 8546: 8534:. Retrieved 8525: 8516: 8504:. Retrieved 8500:the original 8490: 8478:. Retrieved 8474:the original 8464: 8452:. Retrieved 8438: 8426:. Retrieved 8424:. March 1994 8420: 8414: 8402:. Retrieved 8398:the original 8388: 8380:the original 8370: 8358:. Retrieved 8344: 8332:. Retrieved 8323: 8314: 8302:. Retrieved 8298:the original 8291: 8282: 8259: 8247:. Retrieved 8240:the original 8235: 8222: 8203: 8197: 8185:. Retrieved 8176: 8167: 8155:. Retrieved 8146: 8137: 8125:. Retrieved 8121: 8096:. Retrieved 8087: 8078: 8066:. Retrieved 8057: 8032:. Retrieved 8002:. Retrieved 7994:www.nkkf.org 7993: 7984: 7972:. Retrieved 7963: 7954: 7942:. Retrieved 7931: 7922: 7910:. Retrieved 7899: 7890: 7878:. Retrieved 7874:the original 7864: 7856: 7852: 7840:. Retrieved 7831: 7822: 7810:. Retrieved 7801: 7791: 7767: 7760: 7740: 7726: 7717: 7705:. 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and both 2722:Bogu kumite 2718:Seidokaikan 2654:flexibility 2617:nigiri game 2503:bogu kumite 2432:Karate kata 2223:Jigoro Kano 1867:Kanō Jigorō 1720:Yabu Kentsū 1477:Tosa Domain 1320:(Okinawan: 976:kūshu kūken 969:Heart Sutra 932:pronounced 739:and called 680:Okinawan-te 656:(Okinawan: 507:in 1879 as 413:martial art 309:World Games 278:Martial art 110:Karate-do ( 100: 1938 12163:Categories 11972:Lifesaving 11945:Air sports 11929:Tug of war 11867:Kickboxing 11800:Canoe polo 11747:Gymnastics 11742:Dancesport 11582:Volleyball 11490:Gymnastics 11448:Equestrian 11421:BMX racing 11382:Basketball 11360:Water polo 11122:2018 Only 10983:Kickboxing 10737:Qwan Ki Do 10665:To-Shin Do 10595:combatives 10565:Pankration 10550:Kickboxing 10521:Xingyiquan 10509:Baguazhang 10475:Wudangquan 10405:Kickboxing 10300:Shuai jiao 10110:Joint lock 10027:techniques 9808:Uchi-deshi 9540:Tantojutsu 9505:Shugijutsu 9449:Jittejutsu 9428:Intonjutsu 9407:Hensōjutsu 9386:Battōjutsu 9356:promotions 8965:Joint lock 8952:Techniques 8892:Shōrei-ryū 8887:Shōrin-ryū 8857:Motobu-ryū 8847:Isshin-ryū 8842:Gosoku-ryu 8832:Gensei-ryū 8496:"Goju-ryu" 8444:"Goju-ryu" 8122:ScreenRant 7944:13 October 7870:"キャラクター紹介" 7802:ScreenRant 7743:Black Belt 7733:James Bond 7728:Goldfinger 6564:30 January 6326:10 October 6292:10 October 6258:10 October 6210:18 October 6096:13 October 5970:0870118161 5945:0870118161 5920:0870118161 4891:沖縄拳法唐手術組手編 4787:沖縄拳法唐手術組手編 4179:References 4121:Sammo Hung 4086:Sho Kosugi 3980:Shitō-ryū 3970:Shito-ryu 3960:Kyokushin 3950:Kyokushin 3940:Kyokushin 3930:Kyokushin 3920:Kyokushin 3871:The Matrix 3723:James Bond 3610:Taiji Kase 3555:Taiji Kase 3489:Henry Plée 3437:Taiji Kase 3427:in the US 3409:Taiji Kase 3384:See also: 3272:See also: 3061:Shōrin-ryū 3018:Shōrei-ryū 3010:Shōrin-ryū 2990:See also: 2962:Philosophy 2928:black belt 2872:See also: 2800:pedigree. 2788:practiced 2776:practices 2766:black belt 2750:Bas Rutten 2584:tradition 2535:take-downs 2527:hito tsuki 2360:See also: 1979:empty hand 1931:militarism 1897:Motobu-ryū 1852:Ankō Asato 1755:Ryu Ryu Ko 1741:Karate in 1694:Itosu Ankō 1684:Okinawa-te 1634:Okinawa-te 1595:Okinawa-te 1383:empty hand 1210:Ankō Asato 1204:(Okinawan: 1113:Okinawa-te 1027:transition 781:Okinawa-te 722:Okinawa-te 698:(Okinawan: 696:Okinawa-te 630:(Okinawan: 558:hand") to 525:Taishō era 436:, "hand"; 176:Parenthood 12082:Triathlon 12077:Taekwondo 12027:Badminton 11810:Floorball 11674:See also: 11599:Wrestling 11577:Triathlon 11567:Taekwondo 11377:Badminton 11372:Athletics 11238:Wrestling 11233:Taekwondo 11183:Wrestling 11178:Taekwondo 11113:Wrestling 11108:Taekwondo 11068:Wrestling 11063:Taekwondo 11006:Taekwondo 10988:Muay Thai 10923:freestyle 10919:Wrestling 10914:Taekwondo 10790:Krav Maga 10702:Angampora 10670:Wing Chun 10628:Krav Maga 10618:Kajukenbo 10580:Vale Tudo 10455:Taekwondo 10420:Muay Thai 10410:Kun Khmer 10340:Mongolian 10330:freestyle 10310:Wrestling 10269:Para judo 10247:Grappling 10100:Grappling 10038:Chokehold 9968:Indonesia 9414:Hojōjutsu 9239:Shisochin 9234:Seiunchin 9179:Gojūshiho 9174:Fukyugata 9062:Karate gi 8927:Uechi-ryū 8917:Shuri-ryū 8882:Shitō-ryū 8862:Ryūei-ryū 8852:Kyokushin 8822:Chitō-ryū 8592:21 August 8324:GiantLife 8249:20 August 7859:, pg. 320 7842:8 October 7535:3 January 7501:3 January 7467:3 January 7445:3 January 7411:3 January 7377:3 January 7345:"Academy" 7316:1752-7732 7181:22 August 6756:22 August 5754:cite book 5529:. pp. 19. 5048:わがカラテ日々研鑽 4960:3 January 4109:Bruce Lee 4096:Weng Weng 4056:Joe Lewis 4046:Jim Kelly 4040:Shotokan 4030:Shotokan 4020:Gōjū-ryu 4010:Gōjū-ryu 4000:Gōjū-ryu 3990:Gōjū-ryu 3863:Bruce Lee 3837:Wing Chun 3796:Cobra Kai 3761:released 3686:Bruce Lee 3653:Bruce Lee 3624:Australia 3602:Liverpool 3460:Shito Ryu 3319:taekwondo 3255:In 1964, 3240:In 1961, 3169:Ed Parker 3065:Uechi-Ryū 3057:Kyokushin 3049:Shitō-ryū 3030:Mas Oyama 2824:approved 2758:Kyokushin 2756:train in 2744:practice 2605:hojo undo 2543:grappling 2498:Kyokushin 2478:Bōgutsuki 2334:aliveness 2326:Kyokushin 2091:aikijutsu 1863:Butokuden 1814:Uechi-ryū 1806:Zhou Zihe 1771:Seko Higa 1749:In 1881, 1690:schools. 1653:Tomari-te 1576:Tang hand 1512:Jigen-ryū 1419:Nishinda 1068:Kyokushin 926:homophone 762:Tang hand 735:was read 673:Tang hand 622:Etymology 458:karate-ka 444:. While, 406:Karate-dō 394:karate-do 291:Worldwide 266:Mixed-sex 12114:Lacrosse 12104:Duathlon 12032:Baseball 11872:Muaythai 11857:Ju-jitsu 11836:Softball 11825:Lacrosse 11820:Korfball 11805:Fistball 11777:Tumbling 11656:Lacrosse 11636:Softball 11632:Baseball 11627:Breaking 11542:Shooting 11512:Handball 11480:Football 11458:Eventing 11453:Dressage 11399:Canoeing 11355:Swimming 11340:Artistic 11335:Aquatics 11223:Muaythai 10973:Ju-jitsu 10846:Tricking 10830:Chanbara 10732:Unifight 10685:Eclectic 10660:Taekkyon 10608:Bartitsu 10490:Internal 10380:Capoeira 10362:Striking 10290:Pehlwani 10237:Sparring 10199:Training 10187:Shooting 10132:Stand-up 10120:Takedown 10073:Footwork 10063:Headbutt 10025:Unarmed 9910:Timeline 9561:Yabusame 9533:Taijutsu 9526:Suijutsu 9498:Okinawan 9491:Ninjutsu 9477:Kyūjutsu 9463:Kenjutsu 9421:Iaijutsu 9249:Taikyoku 9189:Hangetsu 9057:Dōjō kun 9031:Makiwara 8942:Yoshukai 8937:Yoseikan 8932:Wadō-ryū 8922:Tōon-ryū 8912:Shūkōkai 8907:Shūdōkan 8902:Shotokan 8872:Shidōkan 8837:Gōjū-ryū 8817:Byakuren 8807:Ashihara 8707:Archived 8655:Archived 8609:Archived 8530:Archived 8448:Archived 8428:14 March 8354:Archived 8328:Archived 8272:Archived 8187:25 March 8181:Archived 8151:Archived 8092:Archived 8062:Archived 8028:Archived 7998:Archived 7968:Archived 7938:Archived 7933:Newsweek 7906:Archived 7901:Newsweek 7836:Archived 7806:Archived 7751:catapult 7749:is to a 7725:'s book 7701:Archived 7671:Archived 7641:Archived 7610:Archived 7590:14 March 7261:Archived 7230:Archived 7226:"Karate" 7152:Archived 7099:Archived 7069:Archived 7039:Archived 6892:Archived 6782:4 August 6776:Archived 6750:Archived 6730:8 August 6724:Archived 6704:8 August 6674:4 August 6668:Archived 6642:4 August 6636:Archived 6558:Archived 6524:16 March 6518:Archived 6461:Archived 6430:Archived 6398:Archived 6378:14 March 6372:Archived 6352:14 March 6346:Archived 6236:14 March 6230:Archived 6204:Archived 6180:20 March 6174:Archived 6154:14 March 6122:14 March 6116:Archived 5839:Archived 5600:Archived 5237:Archived 5200:Archived 5131:Archived 5012:14 March 5006:Archived 4997:道と術：柔道教典 4954:Archived 4868:Archived 4822:14 March 4816:Archived 4807:道と術：柔道教典 4764:Archived 4712:Archived 4633:archived 4585:14 March 4559:14 March 4550:Archived 4477:14 March 4425:11 March 4419:Archived 4306:cite web 4265:attack." 4233:14 March 4131:See also 3781:(1986), 3543:Wado Ryu 3531:Shotokai 3516:Ayrshire 3493:Yoseikan 3464:Shotokan 3456:Goju Ryu 3452:Wado Ryu 3330:and the 3303:taekkyon 3108:Wado Ryu 3088:Americas 3053:Wadō-ryū 3045:Shotokan 3041:Gōjū-ryū 3022:Higaonna 2924:yudansha 2906:using a 2838:baseball 2790:Gōjū-ryū 2764:holds a 2746:Shotokan 2622:strength 2611:makiwara 2586:dōjō kun 2576:Dōjō kun 2570:Dōjō Kun 2550:iri kume 2523:yakusoku 2489:Sparring 2378:or as a 2356:Practice 2342:sparring 2276:Okinawan 2272:iri kumi 2219:karategi 2130:Shotokan 2111:iaijutsu 2103:kenjutsu 2067:karatedō 2032:karatedō 1990:karatedō 1874:Shotokan 1763:Gojū-ryū 1706:forms (" 1688:Shuri-te 1645:Shuri-te 1502:karamutō 1495:Kōshōkun 1448:Chān-gwā 1297:Shō Shin 1241:Kōshōkun 1097:1980s – 1094:1920s – 1091:1900s – 1064:katakana 1045:, judo, 930:logogram 918:kenjutsu 789:kun’yomi 737:kun’yomi 700:Uchinādī 599:dōjō kun 517:Okinawan 450:throwing 423:(called 392:), also 383:Okinawan 283:Presence 224:Highest 131:Hardness 125:Striking 43:reviewed 12089:(women) 12057:Netball 12047:Casting 11908:Bowling 11893:Archery 11827:(women) 11762:Parkour 11641:Cricket 11557:Surfing 11537:Sailing 11470:Fencing 11416:Cycling 11367:Archery 11274:Outline 11208:Fencing 11163:Fencing 11098:Jujutsu 11048:Fencing 10899:Fencing 10775:Jujutsu 10760:Bokator 10755:Banshay 10689:hybrids 10655:Systema 10613:Hapkido 10515:Tai chi 10470:Vovinam 10415:Lethwei 10320:Cornish 10275:Jujutsu 10232:Randori 10182:Archery 10142:Weapons 10015:Vietnam 9988:Okinawa 9978:Ireland 9973:Italian 9915:Records 9905:History 9815:Zanshin 9785:Randori 9764:Kuzushi 9618:Jūkendō 9519:Sōjutsu 9442:Jujutsu 9435:Jōjutsu 9400:Boryaku 9393:Bōjutsu 9379:Bajutsu 9224:Sanchin 9045:Culture 8985:Strikes 8980:Stances 8975:Punches 8812:Budokan 8772:Origins 8661:5 March 8635:29 July 8566:15 June 8556:ASK MEN 8536:10 June 8480:24 June 8454:24 June 8446:. n.d. 8404:29 July 8334:16 June 7974:9 April 7747:spandau 7355:5 March 7329:24 July 7236:20 July 7158:5 March 7131:5 March 6425:Sherdog 6202:. WSJ. 5642:琉球拳法唐手 5583:廃藩当時の人物 5394:東恩納寛惇全集 5154:唐手から空手へ 5122:琉球拳法唐手 4919:5 March 4859:琉球拳法唐手 4755:琉球拳法唐手 4718:15 July 3841:Kung fu 3755:arcades 3735:arcades 3711:In the 3702:kung fu 3688:flicks 3668:at the 3616:Oceania 3525:of the 3307:kung fu 2976:Shingon 2846:surfing 2650:agility 2626:stamina 2582:bushidō 2580:In the 2563:zanshin 2348:", or " 2254: 2236:randori 2214:keikogi 2122:jujutsu 2095:jujutsu 2047: 2005: 1973: 1946: 1878:Kodokan 1848:Shō Tai 1818:Sanchin 1759:Naha-te 1698:Naha-te 1649:Naha-te 1610: 1570: 1527:sea ban 1516:jujutsu 1457: 1429:Shō Kei 1377: 1339: 1306:百浦添欄干之銘 1271:Okinawa 1265:jujutsu 1189:sanshin 1156:History 1105:(hand) 991: 928:of the 912:jujutsu 888: 793:on'yomi 777:on'yomi 756: 709: 667: 641: 513:samurai 411:, is a 297:Olympic 257:Contact 216:Finland 212:Tampere 12169:Karate 11862:Karate 11841:Squash 11661:Squash 11651:Karate 11572:Tennis 11527:Rowing 11394:Boxing 11345:Diving 11264:Portal 11218:Karate 11203:Boxing 11173:Karate 11158:Boxing 11126:Kurash 11103:Karate 11088:Boxing 11058:Karate 11043:Boxing 11016:Aikido 10978:Karate 10951:Savate 10909:Karate 10894:Boxing 10722:Shooto 10498:Aikido 10450:Savate 10400:Karate 10375:Boxing 10255:Barróg 10083:Flying 10058:Ground 10053:Clinch 10010:Russia 9958:Europe 9799:Ko-ryū 9778:Mushin 9625:Karate 9583:Aikido 9547:Tenmon 9369:Kobudō 9269:Wanshū 9264:Wankan 9254:Tensho 9244:Sōchin 9159:Chinte 9149:Ananku 9026:Kobudō 9021:Kumite 9016:Bunkai 8960:Blocks 8827:Enshin 8799:Styles 8747:Karate 8684: 8506:26 May 8360:17 May 8210: 8157:13 May 8127:13 May 8098:27 May 8068:27 May 8034:27 May 8004:27 May 7779: 7737:Oddjob 7707:21 May 7677:21 May 7647:21 May 7616:21 May 7526: 7492: 7436: 7402: 7314: 7045:31 May 7013: 6983: 6954: 6925: 6872:31 May 6842: 6498:6 July 6467:23 May 6404:23 May 6317: 6283: 6058: 6033: 6010:23 May 5967: 5942: 5917: 5892: 5550:23 May 5511:23 May 5482: 5438: 5356: 5327: 5298: 5273: 5231:] 5164: 5102:沖縄一千年史 4704: 4525: 4500: 4448: 4393: 4355: 4256: 4202: 4125:Jet Li 4123:, and 3829:hybrid 3759:Capcom 3431:France 3391:Europe 3093:Canada 3076:Africa 3051:, and 2986:Styles 2952:bunkai 2938:, and 2848:, and 2689:kumite 2656:, and 2632:, and 2539:sweeps 2482:armour 2469:Kumite 2463:Kumite 2453:Bunkai 2447:Kata ( 2404:kumite 2384:kokoro 2194:, and 2087:aikido 1922:, and 1822:Seisan 1802:Fuzhou 1781:, and 1703:Pin'an 1674:(1938) 1651:, and 1636:) and 1534:Fuzhou 1441:Uēkata 1433:Uēkata 1425:Uēkata 1421:Uēkata 1410:Uēkata 1406:Uēkata 1233:Keichō 1198:mēkata 1194:mēkata 1178:mēkata 1171:mēkata 1161:Origin 1137:(カラテ) 1135:Karate 1129:Karate 1118:Karate 1043:aikido 809:karate 773:karate 741:karate 729:karate 577:karate 568:karate 521:samurē 320:Karate 270:Varies 192:Karate 166: 81:Karate 12125:Wushu 12116:(men) 12072:Sambo 11992:Track 11228:Sambo 11136:Sambo 11118:Wushu 11021:Wushu 11001:Sambo 10946:Glima 10851:Wuxia 10633:MCMAP 10603:Arnis 10435:Sanda 10395:Dambe 10370:Bando 10350:shoot 10315:catch 10295:Sambo 10125:Throw 10115:Sweep 10093:Stomp 10043:Punch 9995:Korea 9983:Japan 9963:India 9953:China 9844:Japan 9757:Kenpō 9720:Atemi 9705:Terms 9681:Taidō 9646:Kyūdō 9632:Kendo 9597:Iaido 9334:Lists 9154:Annan 9144:Anaku 9006:Kihon 8990:Throw 8970:Kicks 8243:(PDF) 8232:(PDF) 7880:7 May 7812:7 May 7753:...". 7323:(PDF) 7300:(PDF) 7105:4 May 7075:4 May 6898:2 May 6148:(PDF) 6141:(PDF) 5819:[ 5817:空手道一路 5800:[ 5798:空手道教範 5781:[ 5736:[ 5734:空手道大観 5709:[ 5707:空手道集成 5682:[ 5663:[ 5644:[ 5625:[ 5623:空手道一路 5586:[ 5474:[ 5415:[ 5413:私の唐手術 5396:[ 5377:[ 5375:私の唐手術 5348:[ 5319:[ 5265:[ 5240:(PDF) 5233:(PDF) 5227:[ 5156:[ 5125:[ 5104:[ 5085:[ 5083:唐手道概説 5050:[ 5031:[ 5029:空手道一路 5000:[ 4979:[ 4893:[ 4862:[ 4841:[ 4839:空手道大観 4810:[ 4789:[ 4758:[ 4737:[ 4679:[ 4677:空手道一路 4652:[ 4609:[ 4607:空手道教範 4553:(PDF) 4546:(PDF) 4347:[ 3825:Anime 3443:Italy 3370:sambo 3336:hyung 3328:hyung 3268:Korea 3082:Ghana 3071:World 3014:Itosu 2664:Sport 2646:power 2630:speed 2417:Kihon 2411:Kihon 2392:kihon 2230:kendo 2134:Shoto 2109:from 2107:iaido 2101:from 2099:kendo 2085:, as 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