Karate - Knowledge

2974:). He interpreted the "kara" of Karate-dō to mean "to purge oneself of selfish and evil thoughts ... for only with a clear mind and conscience can the practitioner understand the knowledge which he receives." Funakoshi believed that one should be "inwardly humble and outwardly gentle." Only by behaving humbly can one be open to Karate's many lessons. This is done by listening and being receptive to criticism. He considered courtesy of prime importance. He said that "Karate is properly applied only in those rare situations in which one really must either down another or be downed by him." Funakoshi did not consider it unusual for a devotee to use Karate in a real physical confrontation no more than perhaps once in a lifetime. He stated that Karate practitioners must "never be easily drawn into a fight." It is understood that one blow from a real expert could mean death. It is clear that those who misuse what they have learned bring dishonor upon themselves. He promoted the character trait of personal conviction. In "time of grave public crisis, one must have the courage ... to face a million and one opponents." He taught that indecisiveness is a weakness. 2801: 3604:, formerly the JKA chief instructor in Europe, who along with Hiroshi Shirai created the World Shotokan Karate-do Academy (WKSA), in 1989 to pursue the teaching of "Budo" karate as opposed to what he viewed as "sport karate". Kase sought to return the practice of Shotokan Karate to its martial roots, reintroducing among other things open hand and throwing techniques that had been side lined as the result of competition rules introduced by the JKA. Both the ESA and the WKSA (renamed the Kase-Ha Shotokan-Ryu Karate-do Academy (KSKA) after Kase's death in 2004) continue following this path today. In 1975, Great Britain became the first team ever to take the World male team title from Japan after being defeated the previous year in the final. 1305:

stated, "(1) The possession of guns is prohibited. (2) The possession of weapons owned privately by princes, three magistrates, and samurai is permitted. (3) Weapons must be repaired in Satsuma through the magistrate's office of Satsuma. (4) Swords must be reported to the magistrate's office of Satsuma for approval." It did not prohibit the possession of weapons (except guns) or even their practice. In fact, even after subjugation to the Satsuma Domain, a number of Ryukyuan masters of swordsmanship, spearmanship, archery, and other arts are known. Therefore, some researchers criticize the theory that karate developed due to the policy of banning weapons as "a rumor on the street with no basis at all."

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international level. Tournaments are designed to match members of opposing schools or styles against one another in kata, sparring and weapons demonstration. They are often separated by age, rank and sex with potentially different rules or standards based on these factors. The tournament may be exclusively for members of a particular style (closed) or one in which any martial artist from any style may participate within the rules of the tournament (open).

3502:(1927–1987) a 3rd Dan Yoseikan under Minoru Mochizuki and 1st Dan of the JKA, who arrived in England in July 1959. In 1959, Frederick Gille set up the Liverpool branch of the British Karate Federation, which was officially recognised in 1961. The Liverpool branch was based at Harold House Jewish Boys Club in Chatham Street before relocating to the YMCA in Everton where it became known as the Red Triangle. One of the early members of this branch was 11252: 9832: 9273: 1655: 11262: 2136: 1279: 1291:(1476–1526; r. 1477–1527), when weapons were collected from all over the country and strictly controlled by the royal government. The second time was after the invasion of Ryukyu by the Satsuma Domain in 1609. Through the two policies, the popular belief that Ryukyuan samurai, who were deprived of their weapons, developed karate to compete with Satsuma's samurai has traditionally been referred to as if it were a historical fact. 1876: 3641: 2429: 155: 1301:, 1509), which states that "swords, bows and arrows are to be piled up exclusively as weapons of national defense," has been conventionally interpreted as meaning "weapons were collected and sealed in a warehouse." However, in recent years, researchers of Okinawan studies have pointed out that the correct interpretation is that "swords, bows and arrows were collected and used as weapons of the state." 1831: 80: 1702:" in Japanese) which are simplified kata for beginning students. In 1905, Itosu helped to get karate introduced into Okinawa's public schools. These forms were taught to children at the elementary school level. Itosu's influence in karate is broad. The forms he created are common across nearly all styles of karate. His students became some of the most well-known karate masters, including 2871: 3498:, thus the Yoseikan style was heavily influenced by Shotokan. Bell began teaching in the tennis courts of his parents' back garden in Ilford, Essex and his group was to become the British Karate Federation. On 19 July 1957, Vietnamese Hoang Nam 3rd Dan, billed as "Karate champion of Indo China", was invited to teach by Bell at Maybush Road, but the first instructor from Japan was 3442:, one of the original instructors sent by the JKA to Europe along with Kase, Enoeda and Kanazawa, moved to Italy in 1965 and quickly established a Shotokan enclave that spawned several instructors who in their turn soon spread the style all over the country. By 1970 Shotokan karate was the most spread martial art in Italy apart from Judo. Other styles such as 2879: 1632:. Funakoshi writes, "In the early modern era, when China was highly revered, many martial artists traveled to China to practice Chinese kenpo, and added it to the ancient kenpo, the so-called 'Okinawa-te'. After further study, they discarded the disadvantages of both, adopted their advantages, and added more subtlety, and karate was born." 3364:. Failing to suppress these uncontrolled groups, the USSR's Sport Committee formed the Karate Federation of USSR in December 1978. On 17 May 1984, the Soviet Karate Federation was disbanded and all karate became illegal again. In 1989, karate practice became legal again, but under strict government regulations, only after the 2689:). Competitors may enter either as individuals or as part of a team. Evaluation for kata and kobudō is performed by a panel of judges, whereas sparring is judged by a head referee, usually with assistant referees at the side of the sparring area. Sparring matches are typically divided by weight, age, gender, and experience. 3121:

America. In 1979, Otsuka publicly promoted Shintani to hachidan (8th dan) and privately gave him a kudan certificate (9th dan), which was revealed by Shintani in 1995. Shintani and Otsuka visited each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in 1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death. Shintani died 7 May 2000.

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WKF only allows membership through one national organization/federation per country to which clubs may join. The World Union of Karate-do Federations (WUKF) offers different styles and federations a world body they may join, without having to compromise their style or size. The WUKF accepts more than

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Kihon means basics and these form the base for everything else in the style including stances, strikes, punches, kicks and blocks. Karate styles place varying importance on kihon. Typically this is training in unison of a technique or a combination of techniques by a group of karateka. Kihon may also

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Karate is divided into style organizations. These organizations sometimes cooperate in non-style specific sport karate organizations or federations. Examples of sport organizations include AAKF/ITKF, AOK, TKL, AKA, WKF, NWUKO, WUKF and WKC. Organizations hold competitions (tournaments) from local to

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In free sparring (Jiyu Kumite), the two participants have a free choice of scoring techniques. The allowed techniques and contact level are primarily determined by sport or style organization policy, but might be modified according to the age, rank and sex of the participants. Depending upon style,

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In 1935, Funakoshi changed the names of many kata and karate itself. Funakoshi's motivation was that the names of many of the traditional kata were unintelligible, and that it would be inappropriate to use the Chinese style names to teach karate as a Japanese martial art. He also said that the kata

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uses a variety of martial arts styles. Neo's skill in martial arts was shown having downloaded into his brain, which granted combat abilities equivalent to a martial artist with decades of experience. Kenpo Karate is one of the many styles Neo learns as part of his computerised combat training. As

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in the early 20th century, the influence of karate in Korea is a contentious issue. From 1910 until 1945, Korea was annexed by the Japanese Empire. It was during this time that many of the Korean martial arts masters of the 20th century were exposed to Japanese karate. After regaining independence

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Minimum age and time in rank are factors affecting promotion. Testing consists of demonstration of techniques before a panel of examiners or senseis. This will vary by school, but testing may include everything learned at that point, or just new information. The demonstration is an application for

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The Chinese origins of karate were increasingly viewed with suspicion due to rising tensions between China and Japan and as well as the looming threat of a full-scale war between the two countries. In 1933, the Japanese character for karate was altered to a homophone— a word pronounced identically

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Despite the early adoption of Shotokan in the UK, it was not until 1964 that JKA Shotokan officially came to the UK. Bell had been corresponding with the JKA in Tokyo asking for his grades to be ratified in Shotokan having apparently learnt that Murakami was not a designated representative of the

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In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in Hamilton. In 1966, he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation. During the 1970s Otsuka appointed Shintani the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai in North

476:, its cultural ties to China remained strong. Since Okinawans were banned from carrying swords under samurai rule, clandestine groups of young aristocrats created unarmed combat methods as a form of resistance, combining local and Chinese styles. This blend of martial arts became known as kara-te 2270:

for kumite) allowing all kinds of techniques (strikes, choke holds, joint locks, etc.) but in a controlled manner to not injure the opponent when aiming to vital areas. Despite sparring was originally an unnoticed form of practice for senior students, there were no "contests" until Western-style

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in Fujian and stayed there for six months to a year and a half. Government-funded and privately funded foreign students were also sent to study in Beijing or Fuzhou for several years. Some of these envoys and students studied Chinese martial arts in China. The styles of Chinese martial arts they

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It is also known that the policy of banning weapons (a 1613 notice to the Ryukyu royal government), which is said to have been implemented by the Satsuma Domain, only prohibited the carrying of swords and other weapons, but not their possession, and was a relatively lax regulation. This notice

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began studying karate under Shotokan's founder, Gichin Funakoshi, while a student at Waseda University, beginning in 1948. In 1957, Ohshima received his godan (fifth-degree black belt), the highest rank awarded by Funakoshi. He founded the first university karate club in the United States at

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to be considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics; and in June 2016, the executive board of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that they would support the proposal to include all of the shortlisted sports in the 2020 Games. Finally, on 3 August 2016, all five sports

2443::かた) means literally "shape" or "model." Kata is a formalized sequence of movements which represent various offensive and defensive postures. These postures are based on idealized combat applications. The applications when applied in a demonstration with real opponents is referred to as a 2914:, 10th Kyū or Jukyū) and progress toward a lower numbered kyū. The Dan progression continues from 1st Dan (Shodan, or 'beginning dan') to the higher dan grades. Kyū-grade karateka are referred to as "color belt" or mudansha ("ones without dan/rank"). Dan-grade karateka are referred to as 3624:, under the World Karate Federation, was first introduced in 1970. In 1972 Frank Novak became the first fully qualified Shotokan instructor to arrive in Australia and teach in the country, establishing the first Shotokan Karate dojo in Australia. At karate's debut in the Olympics at the 2716:(full contact with protective shielding of targets) rules are used in the World Koshiki Karate-Do Federation organization. Shinkaratedo Federation use boxing gloves. Within the United States, rules may be under the jurisdiction of state sports authorities, such as the boxing commission. 1294:

But in recent years many researchers have questioned the causal relationship between the policy of banning weapons and the development of karate. For example, as the basis for King Shō Shin's policy of banning weapons, an inscription on the parapet of the main hall of Shuri Castle

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Karate spread rapidly in the West through popular culture. In 1950s popular fiction, karate was at times described to readers in near-mythical terms, and it was credible to show Western experts of unarmed combat as unaware of Eastern martial arts of this kind. Following the

531:, such as the training uniforms, colored belts, and ranking systems. Karate's popularity was initially sluggish with little exposition but when a magazine reported a story about Motobu defeating a foreign boxer in Kyoto, Karate rapidly became well known throughout Japan. 3089:

Karate began in Canada in the 1930s and 1940s as Japanese people immigrated to the country. Karate was practised quietly without a large amount of organization. During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadian families were moved to the interior of British Columbia.

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On 25 October 1936, a roundtable meeting of karate masters was held in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, where it was officially decided to change the name of karate from karate (Tang hand) to karate (empty hand). In attendance were Chōmo Hanashiro, Chōki Motobu, Chōtoku Kyan,

2922:. Normally, the first five to six dans are given by examination by superior dan holders, while the subsequent (7 and up) are honorary, given for special merits and/or age reached. Requirements of rank differ among styles, organizations, and schools. Kyū ranks stress 1898:

In 1922, Funakoshi published the first book on karate, and in 1926 Motobu published the first technical book on kumite. As karate's popularity grew, karate clubs were established one after another in Japanese universities with Funakoshi and Motobu as instructors.

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and a committee of Korean masters. Choi, a significant figure in taekwondo history, had also studied karate under Funakoshi. Karate also provided an important comparative model for the early founders of taekwondo in the formalization of their art including

1220:(now Kume, Naha City) in Naha from Fujian Province in the Ming Dynasty at that time. They brought with them advanced learning and skills to Ryukyu, and there is a theory that Chinese kenpō, the origin of karate, was also brought to Ryukyu at this time. 515:) who had been the bearers of karate lost their privileged position, and with it, karate was in danger of losing transmission. However, karate gradually regained popularity after 1905, when it began to be taught in schools in Okinawa. During the 2120:

had to be simplified to spread karate as a form of physical education, so some of the kata were modified. He always referred to what he taught as simply karate, but in 1936 he built a dōjō in Tokyo and the style he left behind is usually called

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in Japanese – to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style. After World War II, Okinawa became (1945) an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there. The

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Chapter 9 covers Motobu-ryu and Bugeikan, two 'ti' styles with grappling and vital point striking techniques. Page 165, Seitoku Higa: "Use pressure on vital points, wrist locks, grappling, strikes and kicks in a gentle manner to neutralize an

3360:'s policy of improved international relations. The first Shotokan clubs were opened in Moscow's universities. In 1973, however, the government banned karate—together with all other foreign martial arts—endorsing only the Soviet martial art of 484:, which translates to "Chinese hand." Initially, there were no uniforms, colored belts, ranking systems, or standardized styles. Training emphasized self-discipline. Many elements essential to karate were actually incorporated a century ago. 2828:. During this debut of Karate in the Summer Olympics, sixty competitors from around the world competed in the Kumite competition, and twenty competed in the Kata competition. In September 2015, karate was included in a shortlist along with 1286:

The reason for the development of unarmed combat techniques in Ryukyu has conventionally been attributed to a policy of banning weapons, which is said to have been implemented on two occasions. The first was during the reign of King

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To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level. The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used. Requirements for examinations vary among schools.

2301:, who said, "The karate you do cannot be understood from kata alone, so why don't you try a little more so that the general public can understand it?" Against the backdrop of these complaints and criticisms, young people such as 2313:. However, because this notice did not include the word "karate," it was interpreted by the Ministry of Education that karate was not prohibited, and karate was able to resume its activities earlier than other martial arts. 3545:

JKA. The JKA obliged, and without enforcing a grading on Bell, ratified his black belt on 5 February 1964, though he had to relinquish his Yoseikan grade. Bell requested a visitation from JKA instructors and the next year

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because they adopted sparring after having learned it in Tokyo. In the early 1930s, pre-arranged sparring was introduced and developed, and finally a few years later free sparring was permitted for Shotokan students.

3600:. An earlier significant split from the KUGB took place in 1991 when a group led by KUGB senior instructor Steve Cattle formed the English Shotokan Academy (ESA). The aim of this group was to follow the teachings of 3720:

During the late 20th century, specifically during the 80s and 90s, karate saw a rise in mainstream popularity. America in the 80s took hold of the martial arts craze and began to produce more homegrown films in the

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Sōryo Tsūshin (monk Tsūshin), active during the reign of King Shō Kei, was a monk who went to the Qing Dynasty to study Chinese martial arts and was reportedly one of the best martial artists of his time in Ryukyu.

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In the 1950s and 1960s, several Japanese karate masters began to teach the art in Europe, but it was not until 1965 that the Japan Karate Association (JKA) sent to Europe four well-trained young Karate instructors

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Karate is divided into many styles, each with their different training methods, focuses, and cultures; though they mainly originate from the historical Okinawan parent styles of Naha-te, Tomari-te and Shuri-te.

2378:(attitude) such as perseverance, fearlessness, virtue, and leadership skills. Sport karate places emphasis on exercise and competition. Weapons are an important training activity in some styles of karate. 2483:

in Karate is called kumite (組手:くみて). It literally means "meeting of hands." Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training. Levels of physical contact during sparring vary considerably.

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and Konishi devised their own kumite and kumite matches, which are the prototypes of today's kumite. Motobu's emphasis on kumite attracted Ōtsuka and Konishi, who later studied Okinawan kumite under him.

1577:(1786–1867), who was nicknamed "Tōde Sakugawa." Sakugawa was a samurai from Shuri who traveled to Qing China to learn Chinese martial arts. The martial arts he mastered were new and different from te. As 8521: 6389: 3596:. Kanazawa left the UK after 3 years and Enoeda took over. After Enoeda's death in 2003, the KUGB elected Andy Sherry as Chief Instructor. Shortly after this, a new association split off from KUGB, 3000:

explained that the notion of different variations of karate came from outsiders. During karate popularization in mainland Japan, it was spread the idea that karate was divided into two branches:

2672:(IOC) as being responsible for karate competition in the Olympic Games. The WKF has developed common rules governing all styles. The national WKF organizations coordinate with their respective 367: 7692: 2309:

After World War II, karate activities were temporarily stalled due to the "Notice Banning Judo, Kendo, and Other Martial Arts" issued by the Ministry of Education under the directive of the

1489:(Okinawan:Kūsankū). It is believed that Kōshōkun may have been a military officer on a mission from Qing that visited Ryukyu in 1756, and some believe that karate originated with Kōshōkun. 3717:

is exceptionally skillful in martial arts. He is an expert in various types of martial arts including Karate, as well as Judo, Aikido, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Filipino Eskrima and Krav Maga.

963:, and this terminology was later popularized, especially in Tokyo. There is also a theory that the background for this name change was the worsening of Japan-China relations at the time. 7288: 6715: 5861:"対談・ゲスト小西康裕／聞き手池田奉秀・空手道を語る：過去と現在の武道的視点" [Dialogue, Guest: Yasuhiro Konishi / Interviewer: Fusuhide Ikeda, Talking about Karate-do: Budo perspectives of the past and present]. 3415:. Kase went to France, Enoeada to England and Shirai in Italy. These Masters maintained always a strong link between them, the JKA and the others JKA masters in the world, especially 3275:

from Japan, many Korean martial arts schools that opened up in the 1940s and 1950s were founded by masters who had trained in karate in Japan as part of their martial arts training.

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On 25 October 1936 a roundtable meeting of karate masters was held in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, and it was officially resolved to use the name karate (empty hand) in the sense of

4410: 6681: 3047:. These four styles are those recognised by the World Karate Federation for international kata competition. Some widespread styles oftenly accepted for kata competition include 527:. The ultranationalistic sentiment of the 1930s affected every aspect of Japanese culture. To make the imported martial art more relatable, Funakoshi incorporated elements from 3094:, at the age of 13, began to study Shorin-Ryu karate in the Japanese camp under Kitigawa. In 1956, after 9 years of training with Kitigawa, Shintani travelled to Japan and met 1892: 2558:, good timing and correct distance. In full contact karate kumite, points are based on the results of the impact, rather than the formal appearance of the scoring technique. 1647:, named after the three cities from which they emerged. Each area and its teachers had particular kata, techniques, and principles that distinguished their local version of 1517:

invaded Ryukyu and Ryukyu became its vassal state, but it continued to pay tribute to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. At the time, China had implemented a policy of

8646: 7959: 11705: 2800: 1342:), which has been handed down to this day in the Motobu family, one of the branches of the former Ryukyu royal family. In the 16th century, the Ryukyuan history book " 7929: 3427:

France Shotokan Karate was created in 1964 by Tsutomu Ohshima. It is affiliated with another of his organizations, Shotokan Karate of America (SKA). However, in 1965

2517:, prearranged), two participants perform a choreographed series of techniques with one striking while the other blocks. The form ends with one devastating technique ( 5228: 6741: 6627: 7143: 3305:", the Korean transliteration of the Chinese characters for "Way of Chinese Hand" (唐手道). In the mid-1950s, the martial arts schools were unified under President 2374:. Traditional karate places emphasis on self-development (budō). Modern Japanese style training emphasizes the psychological elements incorporated into a proper 6421: 2220:

At that time, there was almost no kumite training in karate, and kata training was the main focus. There were also no matches. However, at that time, judo and

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is a path to self-knowledge, not just a study of the technical aspects of fighting. Like most martial arts practised in Japan, karate made its transition from -

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Karate, like other Japanese martial arts, is considered to be not only about fighting techniques, but also about spiritual cultivation. Many karate schools and

8513: 7662: 7112: 6385: 6195: 1868:) presented pictures of karate on two hanging scrolls at the first Physical Education Exhibition in Tokyo. The following June, Funakoshi was invited to the 6883: 3692:

into mass popularity. However, mainstream Western audiences at the time generally did not distinguish between different Asian martial arts such as karate,

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to give a karate demonstration in front of Jigoro Kano and other judo experts. This was the beginning of the full-scale introduction of karate in Tokyo.

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In addition, the will (Part I: 1778, Part II: 1783) of Ryukyuan samurai Aka Pēchin Chokushki (1721–1784) mentions the name of a martial art called

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who had previously studied Jujutsu with Jack Britten. In 1961, Edward Ainsworth, another blackbelt Judoka, set up the first Karate study group in

11698: 11298: 9309: 5755: 8172: 6475: 2324:(who was born a Korean, Choi Yeong-Eui 최영의). Kyokushin is largely a synthesis of Shotokan and Gōjū-ryū. It teaches a curriculum that emphasizes 8345: 3240:(JKA) and student of Gichin Funakoshi, began teaching in the United States. He founded the International Traditional Karate Federation (ITKF). 3368:

in 1991 did independent karate schools resume functioning, and so federations were formed and national tournaments in authentic styles began.

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of the 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase the popularity of martial arts around the world, and English-speakers began to use the word

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came from Japan along with Enoeda and Shirai, who went to England and Italy respectively, and karate came under the influence of the JKA.

7797: 4703: 3281:, a Korean student of Funakoshi, founded the first martial arts school after the Japanese occupation of Korea ended in 1945, called the 3102:). In 1958, Otsuka invited Shintani to join his organization Wado Kai, and in 1969 he asked Shintani to officially call his style Wado. 1029:. It implies that these arts are not just fighting systems but contain spiritual elements when promoted as disciplines. In this context 11691: 8385: 4541: 4402: 2540:

Free sparring is performed in a marked or closed area. The bout runs for a fixed time (2 to 3 minutes.) The time can run continuously (

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schools that teach Japanese karate still exist as they were originally conveyed to Won Kuk Lee and his contemporaries from Funakoshi.

2344:" (after the name for its competition rules). Many other karate organizations and styles are descended from the Kyokushin curriculum. 2259:

practice was also being actively practiced, the young people in mainland Japan gradually became dissatisfied with kata-only practice.

1891:) participated in a judo versus boxing match in Kyoto, defeating a foreign boxer. The match was featured in Japan's largest magazine " 7632: 5531: 4285: 4214: 6549: 1842:, the last king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, was ordered to move to Tokyo in 1879, he was accompanied by prominent karate masters such as 8142: 1895:," which had a circulation of about one million at the time, and karate and Motobu's name became instantly known throughout Japan. 854:

But this name change did not immediately spread among Okinawan karate practitioners. There were many karate practitioners, such as

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is a suffix having numerous meanings including road, path, route and way. It is used in many martial arts that survived Japan's

12170: 9871: 8439: 7951: 7385: 4900: 994:). To commemorate this day, the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly passed a resolution in 2005 to decide 25 October as "Karate Day." 581:) began appearing around the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art. 8573: 8279: 6906: 12139: 9094: 7772: 7509: 7475: 5830: 4518: 4441: 4386: 2841: 2197:

The modernization and systemization of karate in Japan also included the adoption of the white uniform that consisted of the

1850:). It is unknown if they taught karate to the Japanese in Tokyo, although there are records that Kyan taught his son karate. 8411: 6165: 5191: 4459:"Dr. Gary J. Krug: the Feet of the Master: Three Stages in the Appropriation of Okinawan Karate Into Anglo-American Culture" 9991: 7919: 6659: 3785:(1994) are films relating the fictional story of an American adolescent's introduction into karate. Its television sequel, 2833: 603: 7733:

Goldfinger said, "Have you ever heard of Karate? No? Well that man is one of the three in the world who have achieved the

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and only traded with tributary countries, so the Satsuma Domain wanted Ryukyu to continue its tribute to benefit from it.

594:, which emphasize the perfection of character, the importance of effort, and respect for courtesy. Karate featured at the 11291: 9302: 8600: 8487: 6737: 6619: 5062:

Asato, Ankō; Funakoshi, Gichin (17 January 1914). "沖縄の武技" [Martial Arts of Okinawa] (in Japanese). Ryukyu Shimpo.

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In the Showa era (1926–1989), other Okinawan karate masters also came to mainland Japan to teach karate. These included

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in Fujian Province, China, to escape Japanese military conscription. While there he studied under Shū Shiwa (Chinese:

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Chōken Makabe was a man of the late 18th century. His light stature and jumping ability gave him the nickname "Makabe

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further popularized karate (as opposed to Asian martial arts more generally) in mainstream American popular culture.

7571: 7553: 10927: 10910: 10905: 10756: 9949: 8729: 1678:. Matsumura was, according to one theory, a student of Sakugawa. Matsumura's style later became the origin of many 1392:

However, some believe that Kyō Ahagon's anecdote is a half-legend and that it is unclear whether he was actually a

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Meigenrō, Shujin (1925). "肉弾相打つ唐手拳闘大試合" [Karate vs. Boxing, a great match of blows against each other].

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was actively opposed to the idea of the break-down into several karate schools. He believed that making karate a

2829: 2813: 2669: 901:) means art or technique, and in those days it was often used as a suffix to the name of each martial art, as in 599: 199: 6879: 6243: 6071: 2845:(counting baseball and softball together as one sport) were approved for inclusion in the 2020 Olympic program. 2552:

kumite, points are awarded based on the criteria: good form, sporting attitude, vigorous application, awareness/

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Originally in Okinawa during the Ryukyu Kingdom period, there existed an indigenous Ryukyuan martial art called

12180: 12165: 11284: 10890: 9825: 9295: 7727:, an expert in unarmed combat, as utterly ignorant of Karate and its demonstrations, and describes the Korean ' 6300: 5960: 5935: 5910: 3977: 3538: 2837: 2785: 10494: 9581: 8461: 8311: 7897: 4997: 4807: 952:, empty hand) gradually began to be used from the writings of Gichin Funakoshi and Motobu Chōki in the 1920s. 10900: 10885: 9704: 9332: 9109: 8045: 6444: 5591: 4159: 3577: 2817: 1066:). In Japan, katakana is mainly used for foreign words, giving Kyokushin Karate a modern and new impression. 865:

When karate was first taught in mainland Japan in the 1920s, Gichin Funakoshi and Motobu Chōki used the name

7090: 6935: 6823: 10133: 8551: 7274: 6763: 3846: 3621: 3467: 3271: 2191: 1213: 6505: 5705:] (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Keio University Physical Education Association Karate Club. p. 25. 2992:

However some of the schools' founders have been sceptical with the separation of karate into many styles.

2498:, allows full power techniques with some safety. Sport kumite in many international competition under the 806:

Japan sent envoys to the Tang dynasty and introduced much Chinese culture. Gichin Funakoshi proposed that

10964: 10895: 8790: 8749: 8616: 8109: 6221: 5991: 4144: 3755: 3657: 3130: 2983: 2612:

is a large jar used for developing grip strength. These supplementary exercises are designed to increase

7819: 7022: 3336:. Eventually, original Korean forms were developed by individual schools and associations. Although the 2447:. The Bunkai shows how every stance and movement is used. Bunkai is a useful tool to understand a kata. 9864: 9099: 9089: 6576: 4154: 4047: 4037: 3763: 3337: 3199: 2825: 2805: 2777: 2765: 2673: 1524:

The envoys of the tribute mission were chosen from among the samurai class of Ryukyu, and they went to

7747:

Such a description in a popular novel assumed and relied upon Karate being almost unknown in the West.

10969: 9104: 9084: 8164: 7734: 6483: 6337: 6107: 5212: 4646:"Current State and Issues of Modern Okinawan Karate": Karate Spirituality of the Karate Practitioners 4164: 3562: 3265: 3113:. In 1954, Tsuruoka initiated the first karate competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the 2919: 2757: 2009: 34: 30: 8341: 8231: 7387:

Youth and Rock in the Soviet Bloc: Youth Cultures, Music, and the State in Russia and Eastern Europe

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Funakoshi, Gichin. "Karate-dō Kyohan – The Master Text" Tokyo. Kodansha International; 1973. Page 4

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The World Karate Federation was first introduced to Oceania as the Oceania Karate Federation 1973.

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It is known that in "Ōshima Writing" (1762), written by Yoshihiro Tobe, a Confucian scholar of the

1227:

import theory," which states that karate was brought to Ryukyu after the invasion of Ryukyu by the

1573:) first came into use in the Ryukyu Kingdom, but according to Ankō Asato, it was popularized from 11728: 11265: 10984: 10837: 10416: 10064: 10006: 9959: 9896: 8951: 8698: 3769: 3681: 3323: 3198:

in 1957. In 1959, he founded the Southern California Karate Association (SCKA) which was renamed

2773: 2665: 2499: 2293:, kata-only training was often criticized by the leading judo practitioners of the time, such as 2281:

relates that, during his visit to Okinawa in 1940, he heard some karateka were ousted from their

2217:, the founder of judo and one of the men Funakoshi consulted in his efforts to modernize karate. 607: 222: 195: 57: 8255: 8015: 7865: 6136: 3824: 2728:, has been effective for some MMA practitioners. Various styles of karate are practiced in MMA: 10827: 7981: 3987: 3861: 3136: 1869: 771:(Chinese reading) and the latter is kun'yomi (Japanese reading). Since the distinction between 7789: 7758: 6764:"Motorsport, cricket and karate among nine sports on shortlist for Los Angeles 2028 inclusion" 6712:"IOC Executive Board supports Tokyo 2020 package of new sports for IOC Session – Olympic News" 5980:(in Japanese). Vol. 12, no. 1. Budo Publishing Research Institute. 1978. p. 13. 4944:[Season's Topics: October 25 Karate Day] (in Japanese). Okinawa Prefectural Archives. 2902:

with a limited set of belt colors. Other Okinawan teachers also adopted this practice. In the

1157:

There are several theories regarding the origins of karate, but the main ones are as follows.

12078: 11806: 11672: 11600: 11585: 11331: 10918: 10326: 9996: 9979: 9974: 9901: 9857: 9769: 9318: 8775: 8770: 8194:"International Karate Organization KYOKUSHINKAIKAN Domestic Black Belt List As of Oct.2000". 6964: 6855: 6081: 4687: 4149: 4027: 3665: 2645: 2109: 1854: 1268: 959:(Instructor Gichin Funakoshi) used this term in reference to the concept of emptiness in the 412: 217: 171: 64: 10614: 9595: 8389: 6996: 6812:

Funakoshi, Gichin. "Karate-dō Kyohan – The Master Text" Tokyo. Kodansha International; 1973.

4534: 2194:

passed a resolution to commemorate this decision by designating 25 October as "Karate Day."

1853:

In 1908, students from the Okinawa Prefectural Middle School gave a karate demonstration at

1384:, not today's karate, and Ankō Asato introduces Kyō Ahagon as a "prominent martial artist." 1045:. Thus karatedō is more than just empty hand techniques. It is "the way of the empty hand". 12053: 11990: 11983: 11743: 11543: 11471: 11422: 10796: 10634: 10566: 10111: 10106: 10001: 9964: 9944: 9936: 9891: 8780: 8754: 8722: 7217: 6650:"Olympics: Baseball/softball, sport climbing, surfing, karate, skateboarding at Tokyo 2020" 5777:] (in Japanese). Karate Research Association of Tokyo Imperial University. p. 221. 4941: 3625: 3206: 3184: 3156: 2853: 2821: 2530: 2526: 1777:, and for a very brief time near the end of his life, An'ichi Miyagi (a teacher claimed by 1464:(fighting cock). The ceiling of his house is said to have been marked by his kicking foot. 595: 465: 433: 175: 10523: 7624: 6538: 5535: 5344:]. Translated by Quast, Andreas; Motobu, Naoki. Independently Published. p. 153. 5315:]. Translated by Quast, Andreas; Motobu, Naoki. Independently Published. p. 165. 4218: 3028:, as well keeping it as a martial art, could be a possible approach to unify all schools. 1980:

in Okinawa in 1905, and Funakoshi decided to use this name as well. In addition, the name

8: 11758: 11595: 11491: 11486: 11427: 11341: 11255: 11219: 11127: 10914: 10680: 10546: 10536: 10331: 10321: 10286: 10251: 10016: 9986: 9954: 9838: 9185: 9027: 6076: 5470:]. Translated by Quast, Andreas; Motobu, Naoki. Independently Published. p. 36. 4136: 3841: 3820: 3781: 3661: 3361: 2701: 2485: 2389: 2337: 2241: 2034: 1992: 1960: 1933: 1770: 1597: 1557: 1444: 1364: 1326: 978: 743: 696: 654: 628: 535: 440:

is primarily a striking art that uses punches and kicks, traditional karate also employs

126: 8134: 4904: 4616: 3647:

is known for practicing many martial arts styles, including Karate, having trained with

2469: 1472: 767:

are written in the same Chinese characters meaning "Tang/China hand," but the former is

11963: 11748: 11714: 11363: 11026: 10956: 10703: 10551: 9969: 9063: 8075: 7764: 7738: 7719: 6544: 5745: 3689: 3669: 3514: 3416: 3233: 3164: 2931: 2849: 2725: 2633: 2625: 2213:—and coloured belt ranks. Both of these innovations were originated and popularized by 1530: 929: 572: 564: 500: 473: 148: 10676: 9489: 9017: 8863: 4462: 3222: 3013: 2353: 2302: 2187: 1977: 1742: 1671: 943: 779:

was already blurred at that time, karate was used to encompass both. "Kara (から)" is a

84: 12038: 11668: 11513: 11251: 10817: 10776: 10311: 10123: 10116: 9831: 9686: 9272: 8981: 8943: 8673: 8371: 8199: 7768: 7685:""Olympic Destiny" as Tsuneari Yahiro Announced as Australia's First Karate Olympian" 7515: 7481: 7425: 7391: 7303: 7002: 6972: 6943: 6914: 6831: 6306: 6272: 6047: 6022: 5956: 5931: 5906: 5881: 5697:慶応義塾体育会空手部 (1936). Keio University Physical Education Association Karate Club (ed.). 5471: 5427: 5345: 5316: 5287: 5262: 5153: 4693: 4514: 4489: 4437: 4382: 4344: 4297: 4245: 4191: 4057: 3947: 3735: 3725:. Films weren't the only popular visual representation of Karate in the 80s, just as 3722: 3581: 3566: 3550: 3408: 3357: 3226: 3176: 2927: 2753: 2745: 2649: 2613: 2492:) uses full power techniques to bring an opponent to the ground. Sparring in armour, 2267: 1703: 508: 441: 374: 360: 11683: 9725: 8435: 8289: 8135:"Martial Matrix :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive" 4731:

Goju-ryu Karate-dō History: The Two Great Masters, Kanryō Higaonna and Chōjun Miyagi

12111: 12028: 11958: 11768: 11578: 11346: 8868: 8577: 5733: 5706: 5679: 5583: 5213:

Kagoshima Prefecture Restoration History Materials Compilation Office, ed. (1984).

4649: 3867: 3797: 3746: 3585: 3570: 3554: 3530: 3526: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3404: 3377: 3286: 3210: 3168: 3148: 3110: 2993: 2629: 2341: 2290: 2274: 2183: 2155: 1858: 1774: 1719: 1026: 851:

but with a different meaning. Thus, "Chinese hand" was replaced with "empty hand."

788: 520: 326: 257: 8828: 7511:

Sport and the Transformation of Modern Europe: States, Media and Markets 1950-2010

5826: 5490: 3387: 3032: 3017: 2852:, although it has made the shortlist for inclusion, alongside nine others, in the 2781: 2580:

is a set of guidelines for karateka to follow. These guidelines apply both in the

2179: 1911: 1907: 1758: 855: 827:

existed in the Ryukyu Kingdom period, but it is unclear whether it meant Tang hand

12160: 11533: 11528: 10932: 10471: 10431: 10353: 10341: 10306: 10049: 10044: 9461: 8976: 8933: 8928: 8883: 8878: 8808: 8798: 8715: 8702: 8604: 8267: 8259: 6161: 5183: 3927: 3812: 3629: 3573:

stayed and Murakami left (later re-emerging as a 5th Dan Shotokai under Harada).

3513:

Outside of Bell's organisation, Charles Mack traveled to Japan and studied under

3290: 3248: 3241: 3190: 3106: 3095: 3091: 3052: 3009: 3001: 2789: 2761: 2637: 2608: 2321: 2294: 2151: 1825: 1715: 1063: 956: 496: 116: 9783: 8076:"Dragon Ball: 10 Fictional Fighting Styles That Are Actually Based On Real Ones" 7623:

Competition, Filed under; General; JKA; Shotokan; Traditional (16 August 2020).

6649: 3879:

undertake four months of martial arts training in a variety of different styles.

2432: 2159: 1884: 1847: 1729: 1707: 524: 12043: 11948: 11832: 11786: 11652: 11647: 11518: 11378: 11336: 11326: 11312: 11186: 10877: 10821: 10761: 10718: 10688: 10421: 10316: 10156: 10096: 10084: 10039: 10034: 9651: 8971: 8966: 8873: 8853: 8813: 8803: 8284: 7340: 5976:"空手道を語る/大塚博紀（その1）" [Talking about Karate-do/Hironori Ōtsuka (Part 1)]. 4007: 3957: 3937: 3832: 3558: 3439: 3412: 3172: 3139:

learned karate in Okinawa or Japan and then opened schools in the US. In 1945,

3040: 2923: 2769: 1778: 1574: 1514: 1320:

but rather many practitioners with their own methods. One surviving example is

1228: 488: 469: 408: 232: 144: 9564: 8598: 8491: 4653: 4570: 2996:

simply stated that there are as many styles as instructors in the world while

2465: 1711: 12154: 12116: 12100: 11973: 11637: 11538: 11439: 11432: 11417: 11308: 11276: 11141: 11109: 11012: 10812: 10771: 10561: 10456: 10426: 10381: 10336: 10218: 10168: 10161: 10079: 9503: 9475: 9245: 9079: 9048: 8923: 8913: 8903: 8898: 8818: 7307: 7244: 5221:

Kagoshima Prefecture Historical Records, Miscellaneous Old Records, Part 2, 4

4017: 3997: 3897: 3872: 3730: 3673: 3476: 3282: 3214: 3114: 3044: 2733: 2729: 2697: 2641: 2567: 2545: 2503: 2298: 2278: 2175: 2167: 2147: 1801: 1754: 1620:

It is generally believed that today's karate is a result of the synthesis of

1510:, indicating that Ryukyuan samurai practiced these arts in the 18th century. 1486: 1232: 590: 288: 134: 9398: 9377: 8848: 8838: 6857:

A Karate Compendium: A History of Karate from Te to Z in Black Belt Magazine

5496: 5081:] (in Japanese). Ryukyu Karate-jutsu International Research Association. 3480: 3005: 2899: 1888: 1843: 1685: 1321: 1201: 516: 12058: 12033: 12000: 11995: 11978: 11968: 11915: 11763: 11618: 11553: 11523: 11496: 11466: 11454: 11400: 11395: 11122: 10832: 10786: 10708: 10666: 10629: 10581: 10528: 10436: 10376: 10276: 10213: 10203: 10146: 9880: 9835: 9658: 9644: 9609: 9145: 7597: 7477:

Violent Entrepreneurs: The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism

4639: 4364: 4104: 4067: 3967: 3917: 3876: 3802: 3741: 3648: 3392: 3314: 3306: 3140: 3072:

Karate has grown in popularity in Africa, particularly in South Africa and

3025: 2997: 2705: 2549: 2507: 2371: 2367: 2329: 2163: 2108:

In 1933, karate was officially recognized as a Japanese martial art by the

1944: 1915: 1903: 1789: 1766: 1723: 1659: 1356:, a favored retainer of King Shō Shin, used a martial art called "karate" ( 1018: 792: 791:(加羅)" and later included things deriving from China (specifically from the 547: 492: 404: 190: 130: 9405: 9195: 9170: 8918: 8908: 8823: 8165:"Shin Koyamada's Inaugural 2nd Annual United States Martial Arts Festival" 7052: 3494:, a master of multiple Japanese martial arts, who had studied Karate with 3056: 2022:, way) to karate, was also used by Funakoshi, who decided to use the name 1925:

in Japan, some karate masters gradually came to consider the name karate (

1805: 1503: 712:). However, this distinction gradually became blurred with the decline of 644:). Furthermore, in the 19th century, a Chinese-derived martial art called 11953: 11941: 11822: 11407: 11071: 10738: 10698: 10641: 10451: 10151: 10074: 9739: 9679: 9545: 9447: 9160: 9002: 8858: 7714: 7575: 7557: 4108: 3907: 3850: 3807: 3726: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3597: 3576:

In 1966, members of the former British Karate Federation established the

3503: 3472: 3302: 3278: 3251:

relocated the International Karate Association from Tokyo to California.

3218: 2963: 2947: 2895: 2713: 2709: 2685: 2494: 2423: 2214: 1468: 1207: 960: 300: 9468: 9287: 7289:"Karate in Taiwan and South Korea: A Tale of Two Postcolonial Societies" 4286:"The Centuries-Old Sport of Karate Finally Gets Its Due at the Olympics" 3510:, Scotland having attended Bell's third 'Karate Summer School' in 1961. 2668:(WKF) is the largest sport karate organization and is recognized by the 1726:. Itosu is sometimes referred to as "the Grandfather of Modern Karate." 1471:, who interviewed Ryukyuan samurai who had drifted to Tosa (present-day 1380:) to smash both legs of an assassin. This karate is thought to refer to 1288: 1200:, hand) was born and developed into karate. This theory is advocated by 1188:

remained until the early 20th century. There is a theory that from this

932:

meaning "Tang dynasty" with the character meaning "empty" took place in

472:

being turned into a puppet state by Japanese samurai in 1609, after the

11936: 11920: 11889: 11858: 11791: 11738: 11733: 11573: 11481: 11412: 11373: 11351: 10974: 10728: 10656: 10586: 10556: 10541: 10512: 10500: 10466: 10396: 10291: 10271: 10101: 9799: 9637: 9531: 9496: 9440: 9419: 8956: 8833: 7724: 5447:

Yoshimura, Jinsai (1941). "自伝武道記" [Biography of Martial Arts].

5112: 4849: 4745: 4112: 4077: 3707: 3601: 3546: 3428: 3400: 3031:

In the modern era the major four styles of karate are considered to be

2741: 1922: 1879:

Illustration depicting a match between Motobu Chōki and a foreign boxer

1746: 1529:

studied are not known for certain, but it is assumed that they studied

1343: 1247:

There are also other theories, such as that it developed from Okinawan

1038: 1022: 784: 768: 606:) claims that karate has 50 million practitioners worldwide, while the 445: 9510: 9384: 7655:"Shotokan Karate International Australia (SKIA Vic) – Karate Victoria" 5865:(in Japanese). Budo Publishing Research Institute. 1977. pp. 5–7. 5491:

International Ryukyu Karate-jutsu Research Society (15 October 2012).

3791:(2018), has led to similar growing interest in karate. The success of 3270:

Due to past conflict between Korea and Japan, most notably during the

2573: 2440: 1839: 1420: 12073: 12068: 12018: 11863: 11801: 11590: 11568: 11558: 11368: 11229: 11224: 11214: 11174: 11169: 11104: 11099: 11059: 11054: 10997: 10979: 10781: 10693: 10661: 10619: 10609: 10571: 10446: 10411: 10401: 10301: 10260: 10238: 10091: 10029: 9630: 9426: 9230: 9225: 9190: 9165: 9053: 9043: 8843: 5737: 5710: 5683: 4100: 4087: 3854: 3828: 3787: 3685: 3677: 3644: 3593: 3451: 3310: 3160: 3048: 3021: 2749: 2617: 2596: 2582: 2534: 2489: 2317: 2082: 1762: 1654: 1644: 1212:

It is said that in 1392 a group of professional people known as the "

1059: 917: 577: 10246: 9790: 9360: 9260: 9235: 9155: 8110:"Every Martial Arts Style Neo Uses In The Matrix (Not Just Kung Fu)" 5587: 5411:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Karate Promotion Association. p. 82. 5373:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Karate Promotion Association. p. 83. 3839:

was originally inspired by the classical 16th-century Chinese novel

2135: 1316:) among the Ryukyuan samurai class. There were few formal styles of 1224: 12105: 12095: 12023: 11827: 11816: 11811: 11796: 11632: 11627: 11623: 11503: 11449: 11444: 11390: 10723: 10651: 10599: 10371: 10281: 10228: 10190: 10178: 10054: 9552: 9524: 9517: 9482: 9454: 9412: 9240: 9180: 9022: 8893: 8465: 7924: 7892: 7887: 7742: 7508:

Tomlinson, Alan; Young, Christopher; Holt, Richard (17 June 2013).

4987: 4889:] (in Japanese). Karate-jutsu Promotion Association. p. 4. 4797: 4785:] (in Japanese). Karate-jutsu Promotion Association. p. 2. 4403:"Here's how US Marines brought karate back home after World War II" 3534: 3522: 3507: 3484: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3294: 3099: 3036: 2907: 2891: 2890:

In 1924, Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan Karate, adopted the

2737: 2602: 2480: 2333: 2210: 2121: 2116:

division and title examinations were conducted by jujutsu masters.

2102: 2094: 1865: 1830: 1679: 1636: 1231:(Keichō 14, 1609), as well as the theory that it was introduced by 1217: 1055: 921: 909: 380: 9748: 9672: 9210: 5573: 4324:(in Japanese). No. September 1925. Dai Nippon Yūben Kōdansha. 3805:

appearing to reveal the moral lessons contained in every episode.

1875: 79: 12048: 11899: 11884: 11848: 11753: 11548: 11461: 11358: 11199: 11154: 11089: 11039: 10766: 10751: 10746: 10646: 10604: 10506: 10461: 10406: 10266: 10223: 10173: 9806: 9776: 9755: 9433: 9391: 9370: 9215: 7082: 6416: 5451:. Vol. 2–8, September. Gekkan Bunka Okinawa-sha. p. 22. 3693: 3640: 3479:

introduced Karate to England in 1956, having attended classes in

3298: 3229:

and Pat Burleson began teaching martial arts around the country.

2967: 2554: 2358:

Japanese martial arts § Philosophical and strategic concepts

2227: 2205: 2113: 2086: 1809: 1750: 1689: 1640: 1518: 1507: 1256: 1180: 903: 504: 207: 203: 9718: 9250: 7737:

in Karate. Karate is a branch of judo, but it is to judo what a

5186:[Old Ryukyuan Military and Its Historical Development]. 4343:]. International Ryukyu Karate Research Society. p. 9. 3537:

Karate was also an early adopted style in the UK, introduced by

3344:

are the most prominent among Korean martial arts organizations,

3301:, and karate in the martial art that he taught which he called " 2652:. All practices vary depending upon the school and the teacher. 2473: 2428: 2363: 1278: 670:) emerged. According to Gichin Funakoshi, a distinction between 11894: 11563: 11385: 11194: 11149: 11117: 11079: 11034: 11007: 10713: 10489: 10441: 10366: 9849: 9574: 9538: 9255: 9220: 9200: 9150: 9140: 9012: 9007: 8016:"What Martial Arts Does Goku Use? (Do They Work In Real Life?)" 7728: 7302:. Taiwan Research Programme, London School of Economics: 1–16. 6740:. olympics.org International Olympic Committee. 3 August 2016. 4116: 3750: 3319: 3105:

In Canada during this same time, karate was also introduced by

2943: 2460: 2444: 2395: 2078: 1813: 1793: 1525: 1034: 9058: 8620: 6217: 5995: 3521:

who graded Mack to 1st Dan Shotokan on 4 March 1962 in Japan.

2903: 2865: 10842: 10594: 10386: 10361: 9711: 9623: 9588: 9205: 9135: 8997: 7622: 6359: 5392:] (in Japanese). Vol. 5. Daiichi Shobo. p. 410. 3816: 3356:

Karate appeared in the Soviet Union in the mid-1960s, during

3073: 2910:

system the beginner grades start with a higher numbered kyū (

2621: 2408: 2383: 2221: 2098: 2090: 1694: 1042: 780: 728: 610:

claims there are 100 million practitioners around the world.

341: 160: 6682:"Surfing and skateboarding make shortlist for 2020 Olympics" 5061: 3588:

came to England at the same time as Kanazawa, teaching at a

2696:

Sport organizations use different competition rule systems.

1184:

music, similar to karate kata. In the Okinawan countryside,

11868: 11508: 11476: 11204: 11159: 11084: 11044: 10296: 10256: 10198: 10141: 10069: 9762: 9732: 9665: 9602: 9175: 8961: 8668:

Leavold, Andrew (2017). "Goons, guts and exploding huts!".

6738:"IOC approves five new sports for Olympic Games Tokyo 2020" 6620:"IOC approves five new sports for Olympic Games Tokyo 2020" 6539:"Contender Shores Up Karate's Reputation Among U.F.C. Fans" 6386:"Technique Talk: Stephen Thompson Retrofits Karate for MMA" 3332: 2939: 2883: 2870: 2199: 2012:(now the University of Tokyo) in 1929 by adding the suffix 1734: 1663: 1248: 528: 347: 332: 56:

This article is about the martial art. For other uses, see

6333: 6103: 2332:

sparring. Because of its emphasis on physical, full-force

1688:(1831–1915) studied under Matsumura and Bushi Nagahama of 1033:

is usually translated as "the way of …". Examples include

803:(Tang hand) differ in the scope of meaning of the words. 8707: 7952:"Local dojo experiencing business boon after 'Cobra Kai'" 6654: 6623: 4975:] (in Japanese). Todai Karate Kenkyukai. p. 221. 2970:

Buddhism: "Form is emptiness, emptiness is form itself" (

2600:. This uses simple equipment made of wood and stone. The 817:

According to Gichin Funakoshi, the word pronounced karate

8196:

Kyokushin Karate Sōkan: Shin Seishin Shugi Eno Sōseiki E

7220:. The Canadian Encyclopedia – Historica-Dominion. 2010. 7140:"Love and Rebellion: How Two Karatekas Fought Apartheid" 5659:] (in Japanese). Karate-jutsu Promotion Association. 5261:] (in Japanese). Baseball Magazine Sha. p. 42. 1804:

style at that time. He later developed his own style of

1788:

styles of karate a fourth Okinawan influence is that of

1178:). The dancers danced to the accompaniment of songs and 678:

existed in the late 19th century. With the emergence of

519:(1912–1926), karate was introduced to mainland Japan by 10481: 6990: 6988: 6298: 5829:. Okinawa Karate Information Center. 8 September 2017. 3745:

that popularized the one-on-one fighting game genre in

3668:, particularly karate, during the 1960s. By the 1970s, 3525:

Karate was introduced to England in 1963 by another of

3475:, a 3rd Dan Judo instructor who had been instructed by 2224:

matches were already being held in mainland Japan, and

8695: 5091: 2878: 2679:

WKF karate competition has two disciplines: sparring (

1208:

Theory of introduction by thirty-six families from Min

814:, as Tang became a synonym for luxury imported goods. 598:

after its inclusion at the Games was supported by the

487:

The Ryukyu Kingdom had been conquered by the Japanese

11713: 7849:

All About Capcom Head-to-Head Fighting Game 1987–2000

7572:"International Association of Shotokan Karate (IASK)" 6942:(4th ed.). Japan Publications. p. 327-328. 6913:(8th ed.). Japan Publications. p. 168-169. 4284:

Magazine, Smithsonian; Tsuboike, Tony Perrottet,Jun.

2594:

Okinawan karate uses supplementary training known as

2414:

be prearranged drills in smaller groups or in pairs.

1419:

were martial artists active during the reign of King

1168:

In Okinawa there was an ancient martial dance called

329: 8672:. Australia: The LedaTape Organisation. p. 80. 6985: 6591:"5 Things You Might Not Know About Robert Whitakker" 5992:"International Traditional Karate Federation (ITKF)" 5878:

Traditional Karatedo Vol. 4 Applications of the Kata

4996:] (in Japanese). Seibundo Shinkosha. p. 6. 4806:] (in Japanese). Seibundo Shinkosha. p. 5. 4126: 3733:. The first video game to feature fist fighting was 2128:, meaning "pine wave", was Funakoshi's pen name and 1745:

returned from China after years of instruction with

1160: 344: 338: 8046:"What Martial Arts Does Goku Use in Dragon Ball Z?" 5100:] (in Japanese). Nihon University. p. 353. 4376: 3664:, there was growing mainstream Western interest in 3533:. Outside of the Shotokan stable of karate styles, 3454:, are present and well established in Italy, while 2435:

in Naihanchi-dachi, one of the basic karate stances

1816:, and Sanseiryu kata that he had studied in China. 1800:周子和 1874–1926). He was a leading figure of Chinese 1761:. Chōjun Miyagi taught such well-known karateka as 1396:master. In the 18th century, the names of Nishinda 335: 63:"Karateka" redirects here. For the video game, see 8514:"Wesley Snipes: Action man courts a new beginning" 8256:Hiroyuki Sanada: "Promises" for Peace Through Film 7507: 6537: 6019:Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques 5724:仲宗根, 源和, 1895-1978 (1938). Nakasone, Genwa (ed.). 5723: 5580:Persons at the Time of the Abolition of the Domain 5424:Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques 5227:(in Japanese). Kagoshima Prefecture. p. 414. 4188:Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques 3684:) had formed a mainstream genre and launched the " 1475:), there is a description of a martial art called 1308:Karate began as a common fighting system known as 8360: 7203:(4). this issue is not available as a back issue. 6880:"The meeting that changed Karate history forever" 6849: 6847: 6830:(4th ed.). Japan Publications. p. 315. 6185: 6183: 5621:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 109. 5384:Higashionna, Kanjun (1978). Ryukyu Shimpo (ed.). 5253:Gima, Shinkin; Fujiwara, Ryozo (1 October 1986). 5172:The original text is in Chinese, "専積刀剣弓矢以為護国之利器." 4335:Miyagi, Chojun (1993) . McCarthy, Patrick (ed.). 4209: 4207: 2918:(holders of dan/rank). Yudansha typically wear a 723:began to be taught in public schools in Okinawa, 468:brought their techniques to Okinawa. Despite the 12152: 7790:"10 Best Martial Arts Movies Of The 80s, Ranked" 6442: 5815:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 57. 5415: 5121:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. pp. 21, 22. 5027:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 56. 4675:] (in Japanese). Sankei Shuppan. p. 55. 4592: 4590: 4588: 2488:has several variants. Knockdown karate (such as 2262:In pre–World War II Okinawa, karateka practiced 2008:), which was already used by the karate club of 1635:Early styles of karate are often generalized as 1235:(Okinawan: Kūsankū) based on the description in 571:in a generic way to refer to all striking-based 7339:. Tangsudo.com. 18 October 2011. Archived from 5796:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Kōbundō. p. 33. 2700:rules are used by the WKF, WUKO, IASK and WKC. 2225: 2069:around the beginning of the 20th century. The " 1435:was also good at wooden sword (swordsmanship). 997:Another nominal development is the addition of 396: 11306: 8368:"genbu-kai.com is for sale | HugeDomains" 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 6844: 6180: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5732:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Tosho. p. 64. 4648:] (PhD thesis) (in Japanese). p. 16. 4204: 3635: 2934:. Speed and power are added at higher grades. 2234: 2027: 2017: 1985: 1953: 1926: 1613:), and gradually faded away as it merged with 1590: 1550: 1540: 1497: 1480: 1357: 1347: 1296: 1173: 1049: 1008: 1002: 971: 947: 937: 896: 870: 840: 830: 820: 736: 558:("empty hand") – both of which are pronounced 552: 540: 478: 454: 448:techniques. A karate practitioner is called a 421: 390: 316: 103: 11699: 11292: 9865: 9303: 8723: 7287:Orr, Monty; Amae, Yoshihisa (December 2016). 7212: 7210: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6218:"WUKF – World Union of Karate-Do Federations" 5606: 5462:Motobu, Choki (2020) . Quast, Andreas (ed.). 5336:Motobu, Choki (2020) . Quast, Andreas (ed.). 5307:Motobu, Choki (2020) . Quast, Andreas (ed.). 5188:Ryukyu Asiatic Studies of Society and Culture 4837:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Tosho. p. 64. 4692:. Japan: Kodansha International. p. 24. 4585: 862:in everyday conversation until World War II. 8645:. Articles.chicagotribune.com. 15 May 1986. 8643:"'Ninja' Knockin' Em Dead – Chicago Tribune" 6860:. Active Interest Media, Inc. pp. 18–19 6535: 6264: 5863:Dialogue Collection: Talking about Karate-do 5750:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5663: 5252: 5057: 5055: 5053: 4456: 4302:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4283: 3729:grew in popularity, so did Karate in arcade 3244:was sent to New Orleans by the JKA in 1963. 3109:who had studied in Japan in the 1940s under 2472:, a form of full-contact karate fought with 1404:, and Chōken Makabe are known as masters of 495:since 1609, but was formally annexed to the 7535: 6570: 6378: 5845: 5383: 5046:] (in Japanese). Kodansha. p. 232. 4754:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. p. 20. 4181: 4179: 3584:as chief instructor and affiliated to JKA. 3020:believed that was just a wrong perception. 2719: 2693:one federation or association per country. 2476:, one of the competition formats for kumite 2277:stated, "There are no contests in karate." 2240: 2073:" in "karate-dō" sets it apart from karate- 2033: 1991: 1959: 1932: 1596: 1556: 1443: 1363: 1325: 977: 876: 742: 695: 653: 627: 15: 11706: 11692: 11299: 11285: 9872: 9858: 9310: 9296: 8730: 8716: 8187: 7723:(1959, p.91–95) describes the protagonist 7207: 6524: 6467: 6065: 6063: 5768: 5754:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5696: 5678:] (in Japanese). Kōbukan. p. 75. 5657:Okinawa Kenpō Karate-jutsu: Kumite Edition 5582:] (in Japanese). Shō Kyū. p. 72. 5152:]. Nippon Budokan. pp. 139, 140. 4966: 4858:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. p. 2. 4315: 4313: 3759:, featuring multiple Karateka characters. 3632:became Australia's first Karate Olympian. 2938:new rank (shinsa) and may include basics, 1864:In May 1922, Gichin Funakoshi (founder of 189: 16: 9317: 7455:. Active Interest Media, Inc. 1 July 1979 7365:. Active Interest Media, Inc. 1 June 1979 7167:"Graphic Sports: Issue 624 May 6–12 1997" 7023:"All Karate Styles and Their Differences" 6412:"Lyoto Machida and the Revenge of Karate" 6192:"Which Kind of Karate Has Olympic Chops?" 6069: 5806: 5787: 5631: 5612: 5446: 5259:Dialogue: The History of Modern Karate-do 5137: 5110: 5050: 5018: 4994:The Way and the Art: A Dictionary of Judo 4887:Okinawa Kenpō Karate-jutsu Kumite Edition 4847: 4804:The Way and the Art: A Dictionary of Judo 4783:Okinawa Kenpō Karate-jutsu Kumite Edition 4743: 4685: 4666: 4637: 4596: 4119:come from a range of other martial arts. 2874:Karatekas wearing different colored belts 2544:) or be stopped for referee judgment. In 2533:and in some rare cases even time-limited 2381:Karate training is commonly divided into 1792:(1877–1948). At the age of 20 he went to 1753:. One of his students was the founder of 1352:, established around 1745) mentions that 1058:instead of Chinese characters, mainly by 172:Indigenous martial arts of Ryukyu Islands 7417: 7273:The Original Martial Arts Encyclopedia, 7186: 7184: 7137: 7115:. Sportsauthority.com.gh. Archived from 6603: 6041: 6016: 5875: 5421: 5390:The Complete Works of Kanjun Higashionna 5092:Shimakura, Ryuji; Majikina Anko (1923). 4828: 4733:] (in Japanese). CHAMP. p. 133. 4724: 4508: 4319: 4185: 4176: 3639: 3386: 2877: 2869: 2799: 2464: 2427: 2134: 1874: 1829: 1728: 1653: 1277: 1259:, which had been introduced from Japan. 946:(1869–1945). In mainland Japan, karate ( 24:This is an accepted version of this page 10864: 8667: 8198:. Aikēōshuppanjigyōkyoku: 62–64. 2001. 8103: 8101: 8043: 8009: 8007: 7842: 7787: 7384:Risch, William Jay (17 December 2014). 7286: 6573:"Gunnar Nelson in the Style of Iceland" 6189: 6060: 5955:. Kodansha International. p. 113. 5950: 5930:. Kodansha International. p. 111. 5925: 5905:. Kodansha International. p. 111. 5900: 5769:Miki, Jisaburō; Takada, Mizuho (1930). 4967:Miki, Jisaburo; Takada, Mizuho (1930). 4483: 4310: 3871:part of the preparation for the movie, 3490:in Paris. Yoseikan had been founded by 2311:Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers 2271:competitions were introduced to Japan. 1533:and other styles from Fujian Province. 14: 12153: 8442:from the original on 25 September 2014 8413:Black Belt Magazine March, 1994, p. 24 8107: 8039: 8037: 7920:"Jaden Smith Shines in The Karate Kid" 7473: 7190: 7164: 7087:World Karate Martial Arts Organization 6962: 6788: 6190:Warnock, Eleanor (25 September 2015). 5670:空手研究社 (1934). Karate Kenkyusha (ed.). 5650: 5556: 5461: 5402: 5364: 5335: 5306: 5281: 5181: 5072: 4985: 4880: 4795: 4776: 4567:"WKF claims 100 million practitioners" 4488:. Kodansha International. p. 13. 4431: 4381:. Kodansha International. p. 60. 4334: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4239: 2586:(training hall) and in everyday life. 1857:in Kyoto, which was also witnessed by 1273: 989:without anything in the hands or fists 810:/karate may have been used instead of 379: 12140:International World Games Association 11687: 11280: 10863: 9924: 9853: 9338:List of koryū schools of martial arts 9291: 9095:World University Karate Championships 8711: 8322:from the original on 29 November 2010 7756: 7383: 7181: 7093:from the original on 10 December 2023 6933: 6904: 6853: 6821: 6575:. Vice Fightland Blog. Archived from 6443:Lead MMA Analyst (14 February 2014). 6424:from the original on 27 February 2010 6268:The South African Dictionary of Sport 5833:from the original on 19 December 2023 5827:"The declaration of the "Karate Day"" 5669: 5594:from the original on 18 December 2023 5234:from the original on 31 December 2023 5194:from the original on 31 December 2023 5143: 5125:from the original on 31 December 2023 5037: 4926:"空手座談会" [Karate Roundtable]. 4893: 4862:from the original on 31 December 2023 4758:from the original on 31 December 2023 4367:was a synonym for "China" in Okinawa. 4328: 4244:. A & C Black. pp. 153–166. 3819:) whose characters use a variety and 3801:is an animated children's show, with 2510:and points are awarded by a referee. 359: 8574:"Martial arts biography – jim kelly" 8098: 8004: 7932:from the original on 16 October 2010 7146:from the original on 20 January 2019 7057:World Union of Karate-do Federations 6994: 5807:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 5613:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 5019:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 4903:. Newpaltzkarate.com. Archived from 4667:Funakoshi, Gichin (1 October 1956). 4569:. Thekisontheway.com. Archived from 2788:has been successful as coach with a 2724:Karate, although not widely used in 1581:was spread by Sakugawa, traditional 604:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs 432:in Okinawan) under the influence of 8661: 8034: 7982:"The Martial Arts of Dragon Ball Z" 7830:from the original on 22 August 2019 7788:Francis, Anthony (7 October 2020). 7224:from the original on 29 August 2014 6793:. Okinawa: Ozata Print. p. 20. 6770:from the original on 19 August 2022 6766:. Inside the Games. 3 August 2022. 6688:. 28 September 2015. Archived from 6536:Schneiderman, R. M. (23 May 2009). 6473: 6334:"World Koshiki Karatedo Federation" 6072:"Tom Lapuppet, Views of a Champion" 5571: 4948:from the original on 3 January 2024 4605:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Kōbundō. 4260: 3688:" which propelled karate and other 3561:gave the first JKA demo at the old 3342:International Taekwon-Do Federation 3135:After World War II, members of the 2950:(breaking), and kumite (sparring). 2848:Karate will not be included in the 2362:Karate can be practiced as an art ( 48: 9925: 8280:"Celebrity Fitness—Dolph Lundgren" 8218: 8175:from the original on 25 March 2023 7418:Hoberman, John M. (30 June 2014). 7113:"National Sports Authority, Ghana" 6824:"21. Schools and Formal Exercises" 6718:from the original on 24 March 2020 6512:from the original on 16 March 2017 6455:from the original on 14 March 2014 6445:"Lyoto Machida: Old-School Karate" 6388:. MMA Fighting. 18 February 2012. 6340:from the original on 26 March 2010 6299:Adam Gibson; Bill Wallace (2004). 6224:from the original on 13 March 2013 6198:from the original on 27 March 2022 6168:from the original on 27 March 2019 5098:A Thousand Year History of Okinawa 5000:from the original on 14 March 2024 4810:from the original on 14 March 2024 4706:from the original on 27 March 2022 4627:from the original on 17 March 2024 3196:California Institute of Technology 2859: 1765:(who also trained with Higaonna), 1204:and his student Gichin Funakoshi. 955:In 1929 the Karate Study Group of 49: 12192: 11715:Sports of the World Games program 10792:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program 9120:Karate World Championships Junior 8689: 8348:from the original on 28 July 2017 8262:, Retrieved on 21 November 2011. 7962:from the original on 8 March 2021 7574:. Karate-iask.com. Archived from 7474:Volkov, Vadim (4 February 2016). 7296:Taiwan in Comparative Perspective 7242: 6366:from the original on 12 June 2010 6271:. New Africa Books. p. 163. 5788:Funakoshi, Gichin (25 May 1935). 4835:A Comprehensive View of Karate-dō 4638:Zacharski, Andrzej Jerzy (2019). 4597:Funakoshi, Gichin (25 May 1935). 4547:from the original on 13 June 2010 4461:. Csc.sagepub.com. Archived from 4413:from the original on 2 March 2021 4379:Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts 3541:, a 6th Dan at the time in 1964. 3461: 3187:all began instructing in the US. 2336:, Kyokushin is now often called " 1242: 1048:Since the 1980s the term karate ( 1013:) to the end of the word karate. 53:Japanese and Okinawan martial art 12130: 12129: 11307: 11260: 11250: 10757:Historical European martial arts 9879: 9830: 9821: 9820: 9271: 8635: 8609: 8592: 8566: 8536: 8524:from the original on 7 June 2010 8506: 8480: 8454: 8428: 8404: 8378: 8334: 8312:"Talking With…Michael Jai White" 8304: 8272: 8249: 8212: 8157: 8145:from the original on 13 May 2023 8127: 8086:from the original on 27 May 2023 8068: 8056:from the original on 27 May 2023 8022:from the original on 27 May 2023 8013: 7992:from the original on 27 May 2023 7974: 7944: 7912: 7900:from the original on 15 May 2009 7880: 7854: 7812: 7781: 7750: 7707: 7695:from the original on 13 May 2023 7677: 7665:from the original on 21 May 2023 7647: 7635:from the original on 21 May 2023 7616: 7604:from the original on 21 May 2023 7590: 7564: 7501: 7467: 7445: 7411: 7377: 7355: 7329: 7280: 7267: 7255:from the original on 29 May 2018 7245:"About Grandmaster Robert Trias" 7236: 7158: 7131: 7105: 7075: 7045: 7033:from the original on 5 July 2022 7015: 6956: 6927: 6898: 6872: 6815: 6806: 6797: 6782: 6756: 6744:from the original on 3 June 2020 6730: 6704: 6662:from the original on 5 June 2021 6630:from the original on 3 June 2020 6110:from the original on 19 May 2010 5880:. Minato Research. p. 135. 5519:The Untold Story of Kanbun Uechi 5286:. A & C Black. p. 154. 5182:Uezato, Takashi (October 2002). 4457:Gary J. Krug (1 November 2001). 4129: 3205:In the 1960s, Anthony Mirakian, 3124: 2795: 2537:on the ground are also allowed. 2320:was formally founded in 1957 by 2112:, but initially belonged to the 1952:) undesirable. The name karate ( 783:for the character "唐" (tō/とう in 413:indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts 325: 153: 78: 11261: 9343:Professional wrestling in Japan 8649:from the original on 3 May 2011 7824:Ultimate History of Video games 7800:from the original on 7 May 2023 7138:Resnekov, Liam (16 July 2014). 7063:from the original on 1 May 2024 6886:from the original on 2 May 2024 6674: 6642: 6612: 6597: 6593:. sherdog.com. 8 February 2019. 6583: 6564: 6552:from the original on 7 May 2013 6498: 6436: 6404: 6392:from the original on 2 May 2014 6352: 6326: 6292: 6258: 6236: 6210: 6154: 6122: 6096: 6046:. A & C Black. p. 25. 6035: 6010: 5984: 5969: 5944: 5919: 5894: 5869: 5819: 5800: 5781: 5762: 5717: 5690: 5644: 5625: 5565: 5550: 5524: 5511: 5493:"Patrick McCarthy, footnote #4" 5484: 5455: 5440: 5396: 5377: 5358: 5329: 5300: 5275: 5246: 5206: 5175: 5166: 5104: 5085: 5066: 5031: 5012: 4979: 4960: 4934: 4930:(in Japanese). 27 October 1936. 4919: 4874: 4841: 4822: 4789: 4770: 4737: 4718: 4679: 4660: 4641:「近代沖縄空手の現状と課題」: 空手家たちの目指す空手の精神性 4631: 4621:Wiktionary, the free dictionary 4609: 4559: 4527: 4502: 4477: 4450: 4425: 3366:dissolution of the Soviet Union 3351: 3326:system. The original taekwondo 2972:shiki zokuze kū kū zokuze shiki 2814:International Olympic Committee 2670:International Olympic Committee 2589: 1784:In addition to the three early 1387: 600:International Olympic Committee 8108:Hutton, Robert (2 July 2022). 7554:"Exclusive: UK Karate History" 7169:. Graphic Communications Group 6936:"25. Karate Future's Progress" 6907:"11. New Directions in Karate" 6791:100 Masters of Okinawan Karate 5640:] (in Japanese). Bukyōsha. 5559:100 Masters of Okinawan Karate 5534:. 1 March 2009. Archived from 4434:Okinawan Karate Second Edition 4395: 4370: 4357: 4233: 4217:. 2 March 2009. Archived from 4099:Many other film stars such as 3371: 1749:and founded what would become 1545:It is not known when the name 1423:(reigned 1713–1751). Nishinda 916:The first documented use of a 891:) along with karate. The word 759:) in the Japanese style. Both 602:. Web Japan (sponsored by the 588:have established rules called 464:Beginning in the 1300s, early 305:1981 – present 200:Karate World Championship 2006 13: 1: 12171:History of Okinawa Prefecture 9333:List of Japanese martial arts 9115:Karate at the Summer Olympics 9110:European Karate Championships 7424:. University of Texas Press. 7277:and Emil Farkas, pgs. 170–197 7197:Journal of Asian Martial Arts 6508:. mmamicks.com. 8 June 2015. 6162:"The Global Allure of Karate" 4829:Nakasone, Genwa, ed. (1938). 4170: 4160:Karate at the Summer Olympics 3827:styles, including Karate and 3811:(1984–present) is a Japanese 3578:Karate Union of Great Britain 2953: 2894:system from the judo founder 2824:. Karate also debuted at the 2140: 1737:before the war; (before 1946) 1427:was good at spear as well as 1255:) or that it originated from 88: 8342:"Yasuaki Kurata Filmography" 8258:. Ezine.kungfumagazine.com. 7689:Australian Olympic Committee 7480:. Cornell University Press. 7421:Sport and Political Ideology 6714:. Olympic.org. 1 June 2016. 6571:Dan Shapiro (17 July 2014). 6246:. September 1992. p. 31 6104:"World Karate Confederation" 6070:Goldstein, Gary (May 1982). 5190:(in Japanese) (5): 105–128. 4377:Draeger & Smith (1969). 4215:"History of Okinawan Karate" 3884:Film stars and their styles 3847:Hong Kong martial arts films 3845:, combined with elements of 3622:Australian Karate Federation 3615: 3468:Karate in the United Kingdom 3272:Japanese occupation of Korea 2886:with different colored belts 2316:A new form of karate called 2192:Okinawa Prefectural Assembly 2139:Masters of karate in Tokyo ( 1658:Karate training in front of 1214:Thirty-six families from Min 942:) written in August 1905 by 613: 538:, the name was changed from 87:, an Okinawan karate master 7: 8462:"Yukari Oshima's Biography" 7556:. Bushinkai. Archived from 6506:"Who is Michelle Waterson?" 4145:Comparison of karate styles 4122: 3636:In film and popular culture 3131:Karate in the United States 3115:National Karate Association 3079: 2984:Comparison of karate styles 2808:in Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2674:National Olympic Committees 2561: 2502:is free or structured with 2347: 2226: 1976:) had already been used by 1674:(1809–1899) began teaching 1541:19th and early 20th century 1161:Theory of development from 397: 10: 12197: 9100:Asian Karate Championships 9090:Karate World Championships 8737: 7165:Aggrey, Joe (6 May 1997). 6965:"Chapter-1.1 Basic Karate" 6934:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1984) . 6905:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1974) . 6822:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1984) . 6789:Hokama, Tetsuhiro (2005). 6044:Winning Karate Competition 5632:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 5561:. Ozata Print. p. 28. 5557:Hokama, Tetsuhiro (2005). 5517:Fujimoto, Keisuke (2017). 5468:My Art and Skill of Karate 5342:My Art and Skill of Karate 5313:My Art and Skill of Karate 5111:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 5044:My Karate Studies Everyday 4848:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 4744:Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). 4686:Funakoshi, Gishin (1988). 4509:Nagamine, Shoshin (1976). 4155:Karate World Championships 3607: 3465: 3458:remains the most popular. 3375: 3338:World Taekwondo Federation 3263: 3221:, Gosei Yamaguchi (son of 3200:Shotokan Karate of America 3128: 2981: 2962:Funakoshi quoted from the 2946:, self-defense, routines, 2863: 2826:2018 Summer Youth Olympics 2818:karate as an Olympic sport 2806:2018 Summer Youth Olympics 2804:Bronze medal match at the 2762:American Free Style Karate 2628:. Sport Karate emphasizes 2565: 2458: 2421: 2406: 2387:(basics or fundamentals), 2351: 2328:, physical toughness, and 1846:and Chōfu Kyan (father of 1823: 1266: 1262: 1147: 534:In this era of escalating 62: 55: 12176:Mixed martial arts styles 12135:Sports at the World Games 12125: 12088: 12011: 11929: 11908: 11877: 11841: 11779: 11722:Artistic and dance sports 11721: 11661: 11611: 11319: 11246: 11183: 11138: 11068: 11023: 10953: 10874: 10870: 10859: 10805: 10737: 10675: 10580: 10522: 10480: 10352: 10237: 10189: 10132: 10015: 9935: 9931: 9920: 9887: 9816: 9696: 9562: 9358: 9325: 9269: 9128: 9105:Karate at the Asian Games 9085:Karate at the World Games 9072: 9036: 8990: 8942: 8789: 8763: 8745: 8044:Gerardo (19 April 2021). 7531:– via Google Books. 7497:– via Google Books. 7463:– via Google Books. 7441:– via Google Books. 7407:– via Google Books. 7373:– via Google Books. 7177:– via Google Books. 6998:The Essential Karate Book 6854:Pruim, Andy (June 1990). 5038:Ōyama, Masutatsu (1980). 4165:Karate at the World Games 3710:(1953–present), the main 3422: 3382: 3330:were identical to karate 3266:Korea under Japanese rule 3084: 3067: 2977: 2712:and other organizations. 2454: 2235: 2045:the way of the empty hand 2028: 2018: 2010:Tokyo Imperial University 1986: 1954: 1927: 1591: 1551: 1498: 1481: 1358: 1348: 1297: 1174: 1152: 1119: 1108: 1093: 1085: 1050: 1009: 1003: 972: 948: 938: 897: 871: 841: 831: 821: 787:) which is derived from " 737: 553: 541: 479: 455: 422: 391: 317: 299: 287: 279: 274: 266: 256: 248: 243: 228: 215: 210:; men's heavyweight final 188: 167: 140: 122: 112: 104: 98: 77: 8701:5 September 2008 at the 8670:The Search for Weng Weng 8617:"Matt Mullins Biography" 8266:12 November 2013 at the 6963:Mishra, Tamanna (2020). 6476:"Montreal's MMA Warrior" 6042:Mitchell, David (1991). 6017:Higaonna, Morio (1985). 5876:Higaonna, Morio (1990). 5422:Higaonna, Morio (1985). 4725:Higaonna, Morio (2001). 4186:Higaonna, Morio (1985). 3776:The Karate Kid, Part III 3519:Japan Karate Association 3434: 3313:under the leadership of 3259: 3238:Japan Karate Association 3147:in the United States in 3062: 2966:, which is prominent in 2720:Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) 2655: 2606:is a striking post. The 2402: 2003:the way of the Tang hand 1819: 1585:became distinguished as 411:. It developed from the 31:latest accepted revision 11729:Artistic roller skating 10989:Former official sports 10417:Northern Praying Mantis 9992:Mainland Southeast Asia 8696:World Karate Federation 8520:. London. 4 June 2010. 7888:"The Karate Generation" 7757:Polly, Matthew (2019). 6604:Kavanagh, John (2016). 5951:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 5926:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 5901:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 5144:Kinjo, Hiroshi (2011). 5073:Miyagi, Chojun (1934). 4727:剛柔流空手道史：二大拳聖東恩納寛量宮城長順 4484:Shigeru, Egami (1976). 4341:An Outline of Karate-Do 3978:Don "The Dragon" Wilson 3825:east Asian martial arts 3770:The Karate Kid, Part II 3767:(1984) and its sequels 3293:, Lee had incorporated 3285:. Having studied under 3254: 2666:World Karate Federation 2500:World Karate Federation 2417: 2146:), from left to right, 1502:), along with Japanese 1192:with martial elements, 686:also came to be called 608:World Karate Federation 466:Chinese martial artists 357:Japanese pronunciation: 223:World Karate Federation 58:Karate (disambiguation) 10828:Professional wrestling 10495:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 9582:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 8221:"Hanshi's Corner 1106" 8014:Arts, Way of Martial. 7243:Harty, Sensei Thomas. 7142:. Fightland.vice.com. 5651:Motobu, Chōki (1926). 5532:"Kanbun Uechi history" 5464:Watashi no Karatejutsu 5403:Motobu, Chōki (1932). 5365:Motobu, Chōki (1932). 5338:Watashi no Karatejutsu 5309:Watashi no Karatejutsu 4986:Mifune, Kyuzo (1958). 4881:Motobu, Chōki (1926). 4796:Mifune, Kyuzo (1958). 4777:Motobu, Chōki (1926). 4513:. Tuttle. p. 47. 4486:The Heart of Karate-Do 4436:. Tuttle. p. 11. 3652: 3395: 3236:, a co-founder of the 3137:United States military 2887: 2875: 2809: 2513:In structured kumite ( 2477: 2436: 2170: 2166:, Genwa Nakasone, and 2081:is distinguished from 1880: 1835: 1738: 1667: 1513:In 1609, the Japanese 1283: 1054:) has been written in 280:Country or region 12181:Summer Olympic sports 12166:Japanese martial arts 11673:Winter Olympic sports 11601:Greco-Roman wrestling 11313:Summer Olympic sports 10924:Demonstration sports 9826:Japanese martial arts 9319:Japanese martial arts 8776:Okinawan martial arts 8771:Japanese martial arts 8619:. n.d. Archived from 8490:. n.d. Archived from 8388:. n.d. Archived from 8386:"Martial Arts Legend" 8374:on 28 September 2009. 7659:karatevictoria.com.au 7001:. Tuttle. p. 6. 6995:Lund, Graeme (2015). 6608:. Penguin. p. 6. 6360:"Shinkaratedo Renmei" 6265:Joel Alswang (2003). 6082:Active Interest Media 5953:The Heart of Karatedo 5928:The Heart of Karatedo 5903:The Heart of Karatedo 5775:Introduction to Kenpō 5449:Monthly Bunka Okinawa 5282:Bishop, Mark (1989). 5150:From Karate to Karate 5079:Overview of Karate-dō 4432:Bishop, Mark (1999). 4240:Bishop, Mark (1989). 4150:Japanese martial arts 4028:Jean-Claude Van Damme 3849:, with influences of 3666:Japanese martial arts 3643: 3390: 3309:'s order, and became 3151:, a Shuri-ryū karate 2881: 2873: 2803: 2770:American Kenpo Karate 2468: 2431: 2138: 2110:Dai Nippon Butoku Kai 1878: 1833: 1732: 1657: 1281: 1269:Okinawan martial arts 682:, it is thought that 65:Karateka (video game) 12012:Past official sports 11991:Competition climbing 11974:Speed roller skating 11744:Acrobatic gymnastics 11612:Discretionary sports 11184:Martial arts at the 11139:Martial arts at the 11069:Martial arts at the 11024:Martial arts at the 11004:Invitational sports 10954:Martial arts at the 10875:Martial arts at the 10797:Pencak Silat Harimau 10635:Pencak Silat Harimau 10567:Submission wrestling 10272:Luta Livre esportiva 8889:Shōrinjiryū Kenkōkan 8781:Chinese martial arts 8750:Comparison of styles 8603:5 March 2013 at the 8392:on 29 September 2013 7896:. 18 February 2010. 7560:on 23 February 2014. 6579:on 14 February 2020. 4290:Smithsonian Magazine 3739:in 1976, but it was 3626:2020 Summer Olympics 3563:Kensington Town Hall 3391:Karate movements in 3157:William J. Dometrich 2854:2028 Summer Olympics 2822:2020 Summer Olympics 2812:In August 2016, the 2209:—mostly called just 2057:suffix implies that 1808:karate based on the 1460:), as he was like a 1455:little fighting cock 1077:15th – 18th century 596:2020 Summer Olympics 546:("Chinese hand" or " 434:Chinese martial arts 176:Chinese martial arts 12089:Invitational sports 11759:Rhythmic gymnastics 11596:Freestyle wrestling 11492:Rhythmic gymnastics 11487:Artistic gymnastics 10865:International games 10547:Full contact karate 10537:Professional boxing 10252:Brazilian jiu-jitsu 8544:"Why is he famous?" 8494:on 3 September 2015 8292:on 29 November 2010 8228:Midori Yama Budokai 8171:. 1 November 2011. 8139:www.whoaisnotme.net 7958:. 11 January 2021. 7820:"Heavyweight Champ" 7390:. Lexington Books. 7343:on 10 December 2014 7191:Robert, T. (2006). 7027:Way of Martial Arts 6220:. Wukf-karate.org. 6077:Black Belt Magazine 5978:Monthly Budo Shūdan 5638:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 5119:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 4942:"季節の話題：10月25日空手の日" 4907:on 10 December 2004 4901:"What's In A Name?" 4856:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 4752:Ryūkyū Kenpō Karate 4465:on 17 February 2008 4337:Karate-doh Gaisetsu 4137:Martial arts portal 3885: 3860:In the film series 3842:Journey to the West 3782:The Next Karate Kid 3662:1964 Tokyo Olympics 3016:'s teachings); but 2702:Full contact karate 2626:muscle coordination 2486:Full contact karate 2338:full contact karate 2252:free-style practice 2154:, Takeshi Shimoda, 2050:) in the same way. 1861:(founder of judo). 1274:15th–17th centuries 1223:There is also the " 1073: 565:martial arts movies 536:Japanese militarism 491:and had become its 218:governing body 185: 74: 21:Page version status 11749:Aerobic gymnastics 11027:Pan American Games 10704:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu 10615:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 10552:Mixed martial arts 9596:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 9196:Nijūshiho/Niseishi 8237:on 18 January 2012 7868:on 5 December 1998 7765:Simon and Schuster 7731:' in these terms: 7249:suncoastkarate.com 6545:The New York Times 6362:. Shinkarate.net. 6305:. Human Kinetics. 6302:Competitive Karate 6164:. 2 January 2017. 6142:on 7 November 2011 5998:on 4 December 2010 5499:on 30 January 2014 4654:20.500.12000/44338 4511:Okinawan Karate-do 3883: 3749:in 1984. In 1987, 3723:martial arts genre 3690:Asian martial arts 3670:martial arts films 3653: 3565:on 21 April 1965. 3515:Masatoshi Nakayama 3417:Hidetaka Nishiyama 3396: 3234:Hidetaka Nishiyama 3165:Cecil T. Patterson 3008:'s teachings) and 2932:motor coordination 2888: 2876: 2850:2024 Olympic Games 2810: 2726:mixed martial arts 2634:anaerobic exercise 2478: 2437: 2171: 1883:In November 1922, 1881: 1836: 1739: 1670:Around the 1820s, 1668: 1531:Fujian White Crane 1506:swordsmanship and 1337:Motobu Palace Hand 1284: 1069: 719:Around 1905, when 575:. Karate schools ( 573:Asian martial arts 501:Okinawa Prefecture 474:Invasion of Ryukyu 183: 149:Okinawa prefecture 72: 27: 12148: 12147: 11681: 11680: 11669:Paralympic sports 11514:Modern pentathlon 11342:Marathon Swimming 11274: 11273: 11242: 11241: 11238: 11237: 10855: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10818:Martial arts film 9847: 9846: 9687:Zero Range Combat 9285: 9284: 9278:The Karate Portal 9186:Kūsankū/Kanku-dai 8580:on 29 August 2013 8468:on 28 August 2012 7774:978-1-5011-8763-6 7760:Bruce Lee: A Life 7317:on 11 August 2017 6692:on 13 August 2016 6130:"Activity Report" 5572:Shō, Kyū (1915). 4520:978-0-8048-2110-0 4443:978-0-8048-3205-2 4407:We Are The Mighty 4388:978-0-87011-436-6 4096: 4095: 4082:Shindō jinen-ryū 4058:Tadashi Yamashita 3948:Michael Jai White 3736:Heavyweight Champ 3658:inclusion of judo 3582:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3567:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3551:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3409:Hirokazu Kanazawa 3358:Nikita Khrushchev 3227:Michael G. Foster 3177:Donald Hugh Nagle 3143:opened the first 2960:Karate-Do Kyohan, 2928:Equilibrioception 2820:beginning at the 2754:Michelle Waterson 2746:Georges St-Pierre 2650:stress management 2124:after this dōjō. 1921:With the rise of 1692:. He created the 1651:from the others. 1145: 1144: 1062:Karate (founder: 930:Chinese character 928:by replacing the 913:(swordsmanship). 858:, who still used 407:developed in the 378: 309: 308: 181: 180: 141:Country of origin 39:17 September 2024 18: 12188: 12133: 12132: 12112:Wheelchair rugby 12029:Beach volleyball 11890:Billiards sports 11878:Precision sports 11708: 11701: 11694: 11685: 11684: 11579:Beach volleyball 11320:Mandatory sports 11311: 11301: 11294: 11287: 11278: 11277: 11264: 11263: 11254: 10872: 10871: 10861: 10860: 9933: 9932: 9922: 9921: 9874: 9867: 9860: 9851: 9850: 9834: 9824: 9823: 9312: 9305: 9298: 9289: 9288: 9275: 8991:Training methods 8869:Shindo Jinen Ryu 8732: 8725: 8718: 8709: 8708: 8684: 8683: 8665: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8613: 8607: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8576:. Archived from 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8550:. Archived from 8540: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8510: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8464:. Archived from 8458: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8370:. Archived from 8364: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8308: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8288:. Archived from 8276: 8270: 8260:Kung Fu Magazine 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8236: 8230:. Archived from 8225: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8191: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8105: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8041: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8011: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7928:. 10 June 2010. 7916: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7884: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7864:. Archived from 7858: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7754: 7748: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7691:. 24 June 2021. 7681: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7550: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7333: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7316: 7310:. Archived from 7293: 7284: 7278: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7214: 7205: 7204: 7193:"no title given" 7188: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7019: 7013: 7012: 6992: 6983: 6982: 6971:. Notion Press. 6960: 6954: 6953: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6851: 6842: 6841: 6819: 6813: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6541: 6533: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6482:. Archived from 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6187: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6141: 6135:. 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Archived from 5488: 5482: 5481: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5233: 5226: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5184:"古琉球の軍隊とその歴史的展開" 5179: 5173: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5048: 5047: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5025:Karate-Do My Way 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4973:Outline of Kenpo 4964: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4689:Karate-do Nyumon 4683: 4677: 4676: 4673:Karate-Do My Way 4664: 4658: 4657: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4594: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4573:on 26 April 2013 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4409:. 2 April 2018. 4399: 4393: 4392: 4374: 4368: 4363:The name of the 4361: 4355: 4354: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4317: 4308: 4307: 4301: 4293: 4281: 4258: 4255: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4183: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4132: 3886: 3882: 3798:Karate Kommandos 3586:Keinosuke Enoeda 3571:Keinosuke Enoeda 3555:Keinosuke Enoeda 3531:Mitsusuke Harada 3527:Gichin Funakoshi 3500:Tetsuji Murakami 3496:Gichin Funakoshi 3492:Minoru Mochizuki 3405:Keinosuke Enoeda 3378:Karate Pilipinas 3287:Gichin Funakoshi 3211:Teruyuki Okazaki 3169:Gordon Doversola 3155:. In the 1950s, 3149:Phoenix, Arizona 3111:Tsuyoshi Chitose 2994:Gichin Funakoshi 2784:. Additionally, 2778:Robert Whittaker 2766:Stephen Thompson 2630:aerobic exercise 2342:Knockdown karate 2291:Yasuhiro Konishi 2275:Gichin Funakoshi 2258: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2231: 2184:Shinpan Gusukuma 2156:Gichin Funakoshi 2145: 2142: 2132:meaning "hall". 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2021: 2020: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1834:Gichin Funakoshi 1802:Nanpa Shorin-ken 1775:Seikichi Toguchi 1771:Miyazato Ei'ichi 1720:Gichin Funakoshi 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1501: 1500: 1484: 1483: 1473:Kōchi Prefecture 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1431:, and Gushikawa 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1361: 1360: 1354:Kyō Ahagon Jikki 1351: 1350: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1300: 1299: 1177: 1176: 1074: 1068: 1053: 1052: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1005: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 975: 974: 951: 950: 941: 940: 900: 899: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 874: 873: 846: 844: 843: 836: 834: 833: 826: 824: 823: 789:Gaya Confederacy 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 740: 739: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 557: 556: 555: 545: 544: 543: 521:Gichin Funakoshi 483: 482: 481: 460: 458: 457: 427: 425: 424: 402: 400: 394: 393: 383: 381:[kaɽati] 373: 371: 370: 369: 363: 361:[kaɾate] 358: 354: 353: 350: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 331: 322: 320: 319: 193: 186: 182: 159: 157: 156: 107: 106: 93: 90: 82: 75: 71: 12196: 12195: 12191: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12185: 12151: 12150: 12149: 12144: 12121: 12084: 12007: 11925: 11909:Strength sports 11904: 11873: 11837: 11775: 11717: 11712: 11682: 11677: 11657: 11607: 11423:Mountain biking 11315: 11305: 11275: 11270: 11234: 11185: 11179: 11140: 11134: 11070: 11064: 11025: 11019: 10955: 10949: 10878:Summer Olympics 10876: 10866: 10847: 10801: 10733: 10671: 10585: 10576: 10527: 10518: 10476: 10472:Yoshukai Karate 10432:Shaolin kung fu 10348: 10233: 10209:Practice weapon 10185: 10128: 10018: 10011: 9937:Regional origin 9927: 9916: 9883: 9878: 9848: 9843: 9812: 9692: 9558: 9462:Kusarigamajutsu 9354: 9321: 9316: 9286: 9281: 9265: 9221:Seisan/Hangetsu 9191:Naihanchi/Tekki 9124: 9068: 9032: 8986: 8938: 8785: 8759: 8741: 8736: 8703:Wayback Machine 8692: 8687: 8680: 8666: 8662: 8652: 8650: 8641: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8624: 8615: 8614: 8610: 8605:Wayback Machine 8597: 8593: 8583: 8581: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8555: 8554:on 9 April 2010 8542: 8541: 8537: 8527: 8525: 8512: 8511: 8507: 8497: 8495: 8486: 8485: 8481: 8471: 8469: 8460: 8459: 8455: 8445: 8443: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8419: 8417: 8410: 8409: 8405: 8395: 8393: 8384: 8383: 8379: 8366: 8365: 8361: 8351: 8349: 8340: 8339: 8335: 8325: 8323: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8295: 8293: 8278: 8277: 8273: 8268:Wayback Machine 8254: 8250: 8240: 8238: 8234: 8223: 8217: 8213: 8206: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8178: 8176: 8163: 8162: 8158: 8148: 8146: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8118: 8116: 8106: 8099: 8089: 8087: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8059: 8057: 8042: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8012: 8005: 7995: 7993: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7965: 7963: 7950: 7949: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7903: 7901: 7886: 7885: 7881: 7871: 7869: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7786: 7782: 7775: 7767:. p. 145. 7755: 7751: 7712: 7708: 7698: 7696: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7668: 7666: 7653: 7652: 7648: 7638: 7636: 7621: 7617: 7607: 7605: 7598:"History – OKF" 7596: 7595: 7591: 7581: 7579: 7570: 7569: 7565: 7552: 7551: 7536: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7472: 7468: 7458: 7456: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7416: 7412: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7382: 7378: 7368: 7366: 7361: 7360: 7356: 7346: 7344: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7291: 7285: 7281: 7272: 7268: 7258: 7256: 7241: 7237: 7227: 7225: 7216: 7215: 7208: 7189: 7182: 7172: 7170: 7163: 7159: 7149: 7147: 7136: 7132: 7122: 7120: 7119:on 2 April 2015 7111: 7110: 7106: 7096: 7094: 7081: 7080: 7076: 7066: 7064: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7036: 7034: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7009: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6961: 6957: 6950: 6940:This is Karate! 6932: 6928: 6921: 6911:What is Karate? 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6863: 6861: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6828:This is Karate! 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6787: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6762: 6761: 6757: 6747: 6745: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6665: 6663: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6631: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6602: 6598: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6553: 6534: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6489: 6487: 6486:on 13 June 2007 6474:Wickert, Marc. 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6449:Bleacher Report 6441: 6437: 6427: 6425: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6336:. Koshiki.org. 6332: 6331: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6297: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6242: 6241: 6237: 6227: 6225: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6201: 6199: 6188: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6106:. Wkc-org.net. 6102: 6101: 6097: 6087: 6085: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5949: 5945: 5938: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5859: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5805: 5801: 5794:Karatedō Kyōhan 5786: 5782: 5767: 5763: 5743: 5742: 5722: 5718: 5695: 5691: 5668: 5664: 5649: 5645: 5630: 5626: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5588:10.11501/933701 5570: 5566: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5538:on 1 March 2009 5530: 5529: 5525: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5489: 5485: 5478: 5460: 5456: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5420: 5416: 5401: 5397: 5382: 5378: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5284:Okinawan Karate 5280: 5276: 5269: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5216:鹿児島県史料旧記雑録後編4 5211: 5207: 5197: 5195: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5109: 5105: 5090: 5086: 5071: 5067: 5060: 5051: 5036: 5032: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4984: 4980: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4846: 4842: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4794: 4790: 4775: 4771: 4761: 4759: 4742: 4738: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4700: 4684: 4680: 4665: 4661: 4636: 4632: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4603:Karatedō Kyōhan 4595: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4375: 4371: 4362: 4358: 4351: 4333: 4329: 4318: 4311: 4295: 4294: 4282: 4261: 4252: 4242:Okinawan Karate 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4221:on 2 March 2009 4213: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4184: 4177: 4173: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4097: 3928:Hiroyuki Sanada 3892:Fighting style 3813:media franchise 3651:for many years. 3638: 3630:Tsuneari Yahiro 3618: 3610: 3470: 3464: 3437: 3425: 3385: 3380: 3374: 3354: 3291:Chuo University 3268: 3262: 3257: 3249:Takayuki Kubota 3242:Takayuki Mikami 3223:Gōgen Yamaguchi 3202:(SKA) in 1969. 3191:Tsutomu Ohshima 3133: 3127: 3107:Masami Tsuruoka 3096:Hironori Otsuka 3092:Masaru Shintani 3087: 3082: 3070: 3065: 2986: 2980: 2956: 2882:Karatekas at a 2868: 2862: 2860:Dan Rank system 2798: 2722: 2658: 2592: 2570: 2564: 2463: 2457: 2426: 2420: 2411: 2405: 2360: 2354:Okinawan kobudō 2350: 2322:Masutatsu Oyama 2303:Hironori Ōtsuka 2295:Shuichi Nagaoka 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2232: 2190:. In 2005, the 2188:Chōshin Chibana 2152:Hironori Otsuka 2143: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1978:Chōmo Hanashiro 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1828: 1826:Karate in Japan 1822: 1743:Higaonna Kanryō 1716:Hanashiro Chōmo 1672:Matsumura Sōkon 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1543: 1485:) performed by 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1390: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1276: 1271: 1265: 1245: 1210: 1166: 1155: 1150: 1071:Name Transition 1064:Masutatsu Oyama 991: 988: 985: 982: 957:Keio University 944:Chōmo Hanashiro 888: 885: 882: 879: 838: 828: 818: 756: 753: 750: 747: 709: 706: 703: 700: 667: 664: 661: 658: 641: 638: 635: 632: 616: 551: 539: 503:. The Ryukyuan 497:Empire of Japan 477: 452: 419: 388: 365: 364: 356: 328: 324: 314: 244:Characteristics 229:First developed 211: 154: 152: 94: 91: 85:Chōmo Hanashiro 68: 61: 54: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 12194: 12184: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12146: 12145: 12143: 12142: 12137: 12126: 12123: 12122: 12120: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12103: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12082: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12044:Indoor cycling 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12015: 12013: 12009: 12008: 12006: 12005: 12004: 12003: 11993: 11988: 11987: 11986: 11981: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11949:Canoe marathon 11946: 11945: 11944: 11933: 11931: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11923: 11918: 11912: 11910: 11906: 11905: 11903: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11881: 11879: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11845: 11843: 11839: 11838: 11836: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11787:Beach handball 11783: 11781: 11777: 11776: 11774: 11773: 11772: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11736: 11731: 11725: 11723: 11719: 11718: 11711: 11710: 11703: 11696: 11688: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11675: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11656: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11621: 11615: 11613: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11605: 11604: 11603: 11598: 11588: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11544:Sport climbing 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11500: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11458: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11437: 11436: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11405: 11404: 11403: 11398: 11388: 11383: 11382: 11381: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11355: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11323: 11321: 11317: 11316: 11304: 11303: 11296: 11289: 11281: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11268: 11258: 11247: 11244: 11243: 11240: 11239: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11191: 11189: 11187:European Games 11181: 11180: 11178: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11146: 11144: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11076: 11074: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11031: 11029: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11015: 11010: 11002: 11001: 11000: 10995: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10961: 10959: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10947: 10946: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10933:Pistol dueling 10930: 10922: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10882: 10880: 10868: 10867: 10857: 10856: 10853: 10852: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10815: 10809: 10807: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10762:Huiyen Lallong 10759: 10754: 10749: 10743: 10741: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10719:Shorinji Kempo 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10689:American Kenpo 10685: 10683: 10673: 10672: 10670: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10638: 10637: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10591: 10589: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10533: 10531: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10509: 10504: 10497: 10492: 10486: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10422:Russian boxing 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10358: 10356: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10254: 10249: 10243: 10241: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10195: 10193: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10176: 10169:Ranged weapons 10166: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10157:Stick-fighting 10154: 10152:Knife fighting 10144: 10138: 10136: 10130: 10129: 10127: 10126: 10121: 10120: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10089: 10088: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10059: 10058: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10023: 10021: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9941: 9939: 9929: 9928: 9926:Classification 9918: 9917: 9915: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9892:List of styles 9888: 9885: 9884: 9877: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9854: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9828: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9810: 9803: 9796: 9795: 9794: 9780: 9773: 9766: 9759: 9752: 9745: 9744: 9743: 9729: 9726:Bugei jūhappan 9722: 9715: 9708: 9700: 9698: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9690: 9683: 9676: 9669: 9662: 9655: 9652:Shorinji Kempo 9648: 9641: 9634: 9627: 9620: 9613: 9606: 9599: 9592: 9585: 9578: 9570: 9568: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9556: 9549: 9542: 9535: 9528: 9521: 9514: 9507: 9500: 9493: 9486: 9479: 9472: 9465: 9458: 9451: 9444: 9437: 9430: 9423: 9416: 9409: 9402: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9366: 9364: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9350: 9340: 9335: 9329: 9327: 9323: 9322: 9315: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9292: 9283: 9282: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9156:Chintō/Gankaku 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9132: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9076: 9074: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9040: 9038: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8994: 8992: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8948: 8946: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8795: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8735: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8691: 8690:External links 8688: 8686: 8685: 8678: 8660: 8634: 8608: 8591: 8565: 8535: 8505: 8479: 8453: 8427: 8403: 8377: 8359: 8333: 8303: 8285:Inside Kung Fu 8271: 8248: 8211: 8204: 8186: 8156: 8126: 8097: 8082:. 5 May 2020. 8067: 8033: 8003: 7973: 7943: 7911: 7879: 7853: 7841: 7811: 7780: 7773: 7749: 7706: 7676: 7646: 7629:Finding Karate 7615: 7589: 7578:on 29 May 2013 7563: 7534: 7520: 7500: 7486: 7466: 7444: 7430: 7410: 7396: 7376: 7354: 7328: 7279: 7266: 7235: 7206: 7180: 7157: 7130: 7104: 7074: 7044: 7029:. 3 May 2020. 7014: 7007: 6984: 6977: 6955: 6948: 6926: 6919: 6897: 6871: 6843: 6836: 6814: 6805: 6796: 6781: 6755: 6729: 6703: 6673: 6641: 6611: 6596: 6582: 6563: 6523: 6497: 6480:Knucklepit.com 6466: 6435: 6403: 6377: 6351: 6325: 6311: 6291: 6277: 6257: 6235: 6209: 6179: 6153: 6121: 6095: 6059: 6052: 6034: 6027: 6021:. p. 67. 6009: 5983: 5968: 5961: 5943: 5936: 5918: 5911: 5893: 5886: 5868: 5844: 5818: 5799: 5780: 5761: 5716: 5689: 5676:Karate Studies 5662: 5643: 5624: 5605: 5564: 5549: 5523: 5510: 5483: 5476: 5454: 5439: 5432: 5426:. p. 19. 5414: 5395: 5376: 5357: 5350: 5328: 5321: 5299: 5292: 5274: 5267: 5255:対談近代空手道の歴史を語る 5245: 5205: 5174: 5165: 5159:978-4583104294 5158: 5136: 5103: 5084: 5065: 5049: 5030: 5011: 4978: 4959: 4933: 4918: 4892: 4873: 4840: 4821: 4788: 4769: 4736: 4717: 4698: 4678: 4659: 4630: 4608: 4584: 4558: 4526: 4519: 4501: 4494: 4476: 4449: 4442: 4424: 4394: 4387: 4369: 4356: 4349: 4327: 4309: 4259: 4250: 4232: 4203: 4196: 4190:. p. 17. 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4124: 4121: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4008:Leung Siu-Lung 4004: 4003: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3988:Richard Norton 3984: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3958:Yasuaki Kurata 3954: 3953: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3940: 3938:Dolph Lundgren 3934: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3881: 3793:The Karate Kid 3764:The Karate Kid 3756:Street Fighter 3731:fighting games 3682:from Hong Kong 3637: 3634: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3606: 3559:Hiroshi Shirai 3466:Main article: 3463: 3462:United Kingdom 3460: 3440:Hiroshi Shirai 3436: 3433: 3424: 3421: 3413:Hiroshi Shirai 3384: 3381: 3373: 3370: 3353: 3350: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3181:George Mattson 3173:Harold G. Long 3129:Main article: 3126: 3123: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059:among others. 3012:(derived from 3004:(derived from 2979: 2976: 2955: 2952: 2924:Karate stances 2861: 2858: 2842:sport climbing 2797: 2794: 2721: 2718: 2704:rules used by 2657: 2654: 2591: 2588: 2566:Main article: 2563: 2560: 2459:Main article: 2456: 2453: 2422:Main article: 2419: 2416: 2407:Main article: 2404: 2401: 2349: 2346: 1824:Main article: 1821: 1818: 1779:Morio Higaonna 1575:Kanga Sakugawa 1542: 1539: 1515:Satsuma Domain 1415:and Gushikawa 1389: 1386: 1275: 1272: 1267:Main article: 1264: 1261: 1244: 1243:Other theories 1241: 1237:Ōshima Writing 1229:Satsuma Domain 1216:" migrated to 1209: 1206: 1165: 1159: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1131: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1116:Karate(-jutsu) 1113: 1107: 1098: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1023:feudal culture 795:). Therefore, 615: 612: 489:Satsuma Domain 470:Ryukyu Kingdom 409:Ryukyu Kingdom 377:pronunciation: 307: 306: 303: 297: 296: 291: 285: 284: 281: 277: 276: 272: 271: 268: 264: 263: 260: 254: 253: 250: 246: 245: 241: 240: 233:Ryukyu Kingdom 230: 226: 225: 220: 213: 212: 194: 179: 178: 169: 165: 164: 145:Ryukyu Kingdom 142: 138: 137: 124: 120: 119: 114: 110: 109: 100: 96: 95: 83: 52: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12193: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12128: 12127: 12124: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12101:Flag football 12099: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12087: 12080: 12079:Weightlifting 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12054:Roller hockey 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12010: 12002: 11999: 11998: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11976: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11943: 11940: 11939: 11938: 11935: 11934: 11932: 11928: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11907: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11895:Boules sports 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11876: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11840: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11807:Inline hockey 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11784: 11782: 11778: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11741: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11726: 11724: 11720: 11716: 11709: 11704: 11702: 11697: 11695: 11690: 11689: 11686: 11674: 11670: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11660: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11638:Flag football 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11593: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11586:Weightlifting 11584: 11580: 11577: 11576: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11539:Skateboarding 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11438: 11434: 11433:Track cycling 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11418:Freestyle BMX 11416: 11414: 11411: 11410: 11409: 11406: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11329: 11328: 11325: 11324: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11302: 11297: 11295: 11290: 11288: 11283: 11282: 11279: 11267: 11259: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11248: 11245: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11182: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11142:African Games 11137: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11073: 11067: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11022: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11005: 11003: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10952: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10873: 10869: 10862: 10858: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10823: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10813:Fighting game 10811: 10810: 10808: 10806:Entertainment 10804: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10777:Krabi–krabong 10775: 10773: 10772:Kalaripayattu 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10736: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10678: 10674: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10583: 10579: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10562:Shootfighting 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10529:combat sports 10525: 10521: 10515: 10514: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10502: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10479: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10457:Tien Shan Pai 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10382:Choi Kwang-Do 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10351: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10262: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10219:Pushing hands 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10188: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10163: 10162:Swordsmanship 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10148: 10147:Melee weapons 10145: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10131: 10125: 10122: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10094: 10093: 10090: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10020: 10014: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9942: 9940: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9912:Hard and soft 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9882: 9875: 9870: 9868: 9863: 9861: 9856: 9855: 9852: 9840: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9827: 9819: 9818: 9815: 9809: 9808: 9804: 9802: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9788: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9781: 9779: 9778: 9774: 9772: 9771: 9767: 9765: 9764: 9760: 9758: 9757: 9753: 9751: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9736: 9735: 9734: 9730: 9728: 9727: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9714: 9713: 9709: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9670: 9668: 9667: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9656: 9654: 9653: 9649: 9647: 9646: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9635: 9633: 9632: 9628: 9626: 9625: 9621: 9619: 9618: 9614: 9612: 9611: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9591: 9590: 9586: 9584: 9583: 9579: 9577: 9576: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9566: 9561: 9555: 9554: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9543: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9529: 9527: 9526: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9506: 9505: 9504:Shurikenjutsu 9501: 9499: 9498: 9494: 9492: 9491: 9487: 9485: 9484: 9480: 9478: 9477: 9476:Naginatajutsu 9473: 9471: 9470: 9466: 9464: 9463: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9431: 9429: 9428: 9424: 9422: 9421: 9417: 9415: 9414: 9410: 9408: 9407: 9403: 9401: 9400: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9380: 9379: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9362: 9357: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9313: 9308: 9306: 9301: 9299: 9294: 9293: 9290: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9268: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9201:Passai/Bassai 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9127: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9080:Karate Combat 9078: 9077: 9075: 9071: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9035: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8989: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8788: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8755:List of terms 8753: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8728: 8726: 8721: 8719: 8714: 8713: 8710: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8681: 8679:9780994411235 8675: 8671: 8664: 8648: 8644: 8638: 8623:on 8 May 2013 8622: 8618: 8612: 8606: 8602: 8599: 8595: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8509: 8493: 8489: 8483: 8467: 8463: 8457: 8441: 8437: 8431: 8415: 8414: 8407: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8347: 8343: 8337: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8291: 8287: 8286: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8252: 8233: 8229: 8222: 8219:Rogers, Ron. 8215: 8207: 8205:4-8164-1250-6 8201: 8197: 8190: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8115: 8111: 8104: 8102: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8055: 8051: 8050:Combat Museum 8047: 8040: 8038: 8021: 8017: 8010: 8008: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7977: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7931: 7927: 7926: 7921: 7915: 7899: 7895: 7894: 7889: 7883: 7867: 7863: 7857: 7850: 7845: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7815: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7784: 7776: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7761: 7753: 7746: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7713:For example, 7710: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7680: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7625:"Frank Nowak" 7619: 7603: 7599: 7593: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7523: 7521:9781136660528 7517: 7514:. Routledge. 7513: 7512: 7504: 7489: 7487:9781501703287 7483: 7479: 7478: 7470: 7454: 7448: 7433: 7431:9780292768871 7427: 7423: 7422: 7414: 7399: 7397:9780739178232 7393: 7389: 7388: 7380: 7364: 7358: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7276: 7275:John Corcoran 7270: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7239: 7223: 7219: 7213: 7211: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7185: 7168: 7161: 7145: 7141: 7134: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7048: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7010: 7008:9781462905591 7004: 7000: 6999: 6991: 6989: 6980: 6978:9781648288166 6974: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6951: 6949:0-87040-254-4 6945: 6941: 6937: 6930: 6922: 6920:0-87040-147-5 6916: 6912: 6908: 6901: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6859: 6858: 6850: 6848: 6839: 6837:0-87040-254-4 6833: 6829: 6825: 6818: 6809: 6800: 6792: 6785: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6677: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6645: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6607: 6600: 6592: 6586: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6540: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6470: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6314: 6312:9780736044929 6308: 6304: 6303: 6295: 6280: 6278:9780864865359 6274: 6270: 6269: 6261: 6245: 6239: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6184: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6138: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6066: 6064: 6055: 6053:0-7136-3402-2 6049: 6045: 6038: 6030: 6028:0-87040-595-0 6024: 6020: 6013: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5979: 5972: 5964: 5958: 5954: 5947: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5922: 5914: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5889: 5887:9780870408489 5883: 5879: 5872: 5864: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5693: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5658: 5654: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5568: 5560: 5553: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5520: 5514: 5498: 5494: 5487: 5479: 5477:9798601364751 5473: 5469: 5465: 5458: 5450: 5443: 5435: 5433:0-87040-595-0 5429: 5425: 5418: 5410: 5409:My karate Art 5406: 5399: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5372: 5371:My karate Art 5368: 5361: 5353: 5351:9798601364751 5347: 5343: 5339: 5332: 5324: 5322:9798601364751 5318: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5295: 5293:0-7136-5666-2 5289: 5285: 5278: 5270: 5268:9784583026060 5264: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5209: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5169: 5161: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5107: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5045: 5041: 5034: 5026: 5022: 5015: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4929: 4928:Ryukyu Shimpo 4922: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4705: 4701: 4699:4-7700-1891-6 4695: 4691: 4690: 4682: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4543: 4536: 4530: 4522: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4497: 4495:0-87011-816-1 4491: 4487: 4480: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4428: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4366: 4360: 4352: 4350:4-900613-05-3 4346: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4316: 4314: 4305: 4299: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4253: 4251:0-7136-5666-2 4247: 4243: 4236: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4208: 4199: 4197:0-87040-595-0 4193: 4189: 4182: 4180: 4175: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4127: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4092:Undetermined 4091: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4019: 4018:Wesley Snipes 4016: 4015: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3999: 3998:Yukari Oshima 3996: 3995: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3898:Shin Koyamada 3896: 3895: 3891: 3889:Practitioner 3888: 3887: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3873:Yuen Woo-ping 3869: 3865: 3864: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3686:kung fu craze 3683: 3679: 3675: 3674:kung fu films 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3580:(KUGB) under 3579: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3539:Tatsuo Suzuki 3536: 3532: 3529:'s students, 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477:Kenshiro Abbe 3474: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3432: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3394: 3389: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3283:Chung Do Kwan 3280: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3215:John Pachivas 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3125:United States 3122: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3077: 3075: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3018:Chōjun Miyagi 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2885: 2880: 2872: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2834:skateboarding 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2802: 2796:Olympic Games 2793: 2791: 2787: 2786:John Kavanagh 2783: 2779: 2775: 2774:Gunnar Nelson 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2734:John Makdessi 2731: 2730:Lyoto Machida 2727: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2698:Light contact 2694: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2683:) and forms ( 2682: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2546:light contact 2543: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2504:light contact 2501: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2415: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2393:(forms), and 2392: 2391: 2386: 2385: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2299:Hajime Isogai 2296: 2292: 2289:According to 2287: 2284: 2280: 2279:Shigeru Egami 2276: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2243: 2230: 2229: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2201: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:Chōjun Miyagi 2177: 2176:Jūhatsu Kyoda 2169: 2168:Shinken Taira 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2148:Kanken Toyama 2137: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2036: 2025: 2015: 2011: 1994: 1983: 1979: 1962: 1946: 1935: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1912:Kanken Tōyama 1909: 1908:Chōjun Miyagi 1905: 1900: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1877: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759:Chōjun Miyagi 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1599: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1559: 1548: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1385: 1383: 1366: 1355: 1345: 1328: 1323: 1322:Motobu Udundī 1319: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1292: 1290: 1282:King Shō Shin 1280: 1270: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1171: 1164: 1158: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1123:(Empty hand) 1122: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1082: 1080:19th century 1079: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1000: 995: 980: 969: 964: 962: 958: 953: 945: 935: 934:Karate Kumite 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 912: 911: 906: 905: 894: 886:Tang hand art 868: 863: 861: 857: 856:Chōjun Miyagi 852: 848: 837:or empty hand 815: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 745: 734: 730: 726: 722: 717: 715: 698: 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11428:Road cycling 11401:Canoe sprint 11396:Canoe slalom 11209: 11164: 11123:Pencak silat 11094: 11049: 10833:Stage combat 10787:Mardani khel 10709:Jeet Kune Do 10667:Silat Melayu 10630:Pencak silat 10582:Self-defense 10524:Full contact 10511: 10499: 10437:Shoot boxing 10391: 10377:Chess boxing 10277:Malla-yuddha 10214:Punching bag 10204:Boxing glove 10061:Leg strikes 10040:Elbow strike 10026:Arm strikes 9881:Martial arts 9839:Martial arts 9805: 9798: 9789: 9782: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9685: 9678: 9671: 9664: 9659:Shoot boxing 9657: 9650: 9645:Nippon Kempo 9643: 9636: 9629: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9608: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9580: 9573: 9563: 9551: 9544: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9516: 9509: 9502: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9467: 9460: 9453: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9359: 9277: 9276: 9211:Rōhai/Meikyo 9028:Full contact 8738: 8669: 8663: 8651:. 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and both 2714:Bogu kumite 2710:Seidokaikan 2646:flexibility 2609:nigiri game 2495:bogu kumite 2424:Karate kata 2215:Jigoro Kano 1859:Kanō Jigorō 1712:Yabu Kentsū 1469:Tosa Domain 1312:(Okinawan: 968:kūshu kūken 961:Heart Sutra 924:pronounced 731:and called 672:Okinawan-te 648:(Okinawan: 499:in 1879 as 405:martial art 301:World Games 270:Martial art 102:Karate-do ( 92: 1938 12155:Categories 11964:Lifesaving 11937:Air sports 11921:Tug of war 11859:Kickboxing 11792:Canoe polo 11739:Gymnastics 11734:Dancesport 11574:Volleyball 11482:Gymnastics 11440:Equestrian 11413:BMX racing 11374:Basketball 11352:Water polo 11114:2018 Only 10975:Kickboxing 10729:Qwan Ki Do 10657:To-Shin Do 10587:combatives 10557:Pankration 10542:Kickboxing 10513:Xingyiquan 10501:Baguazhang 10467:Wudangquan 10397:Kickboxing 10292:Shuai jiao 10102:Joint lock 10019:techniques 9800:Uchi-deshi 9532:Tantojutsu 9497:Shugijutsu 9441:Jittejutsu 9420:Intonjutsu 9399:Hensōjutsu 9378:Battōjutsu 9348:promotions 8957:Joint lock 8944:Techniques 8884:Shōrei-ryū 8879:Shōrin-ryū 8849:Motobu-ryū 8839:Isshin-ryū 8834:Gosoku-ryu 8824:Gensei-ryū 8488:"Goju-ryu" 8436:"Goju-ryu" 8114:ScreenRant 7936:13 October 7862:"キャラクター紹介" 7794:ScreenRant 7735:Black Belt 7725:James Bond 7720:Goldfinger 6556:30 January 6318:10 October 6284:10 October 6250:10 October 6202:18 October 6088:13 October 5962:0870118161 5937:0870118161 5912:0870118161 4883:沖縄拳法唐手術組手編 4779:沖縄拳法唐手術組手編 4171:References 4113:Sammo Hung 4078:Sho Kosugi 3972:Shitō-ryū 3962:Shito-ryu 3952:Kyokushin 3942:Kyokushin 3932:Kyokushin 3922:Kyokushin 3912:Kyokushin 3863:The Matrix 3715:James Bond 3602:Taiji Kase 3547:Taiji Kase 3481:Henry Plée 3429:Taiji Kase 3419:in the US 3401:Taiji Kase 3376:See also: 3264:See also: 3053:Shōrin-ryū 3010:Shōrei-ryū 3002:Shōrin-ryū 2982:See also: 2954:Philosophy 2920:black belt 2864:See also: 2792:pedigree. 2780:practiced 2768:practices 2758:black belt 2742:Bas Rutten 2576:tradition 2527:take-downs 2519:hito tsuki 2352:See also: 1971:empty hand 1923:militarism 1889:Motobu-ryū 1844:Ankō Asato 1747:Ryu Ryu Ko 1733:Karate in 1686:Itosu Ankō 1676:Okinawa-te 1626:Okinawa-te 1587:Okinawa-te 1375:empty hand 1202:Ankō Asato 1196:(Okinawan: 1105:Okinawa-te 1019:transition 773:Okinawa-te 714:Okinawa-te 690:(Okinawan: 688:Okinawa-te 622:(Okinawan: 550:hand") to 517:Taishō era 428:, "hand"; 168:Parenthood 12074:Triathlon 12069:Taekwondo 12019:Badminton 11802:Floorball 11666:See also: 11591:Wrestling 11569:Triathlon 11559:Taekwondo 11369:Badminton 11364:Athletics 11230:Wrestling 11225:Taekwondo 11175:Wrestling 11170:Taekwondo 11105:Wrestling 11100:Taekwondo 11060:Wrestling 11055:Taekwondo 10998:Taekwondo 10980:Muay Thai 10915:freestyle 10911:Wrestling 10906:Taekwondo 10782:Krav Maga 10694:Angampora 10662:Wing Chun 10620:Krav Maga 10610:Kajukenbo 10572:Vale Tudo 10447:Taekwondo 10412:Muay Thai 10402:Kun Khmer 10332:Mongolian 10322:freestyle 10302:Wrestling 10261:Para judo 10239:Grappling 10092:Grappling 10030:Chokehold 9960:Indonesia 9406:Hojōjutsu 9231:Shisochin 9226:Seiunchin 9171:Gojūshiho 9166:Fukyugata 9054:Karate gi 8919:Uechi-ryū 8909:Shuri-ryū 8874:Shitō-ryū 8854:Ryūei-ryū 8844:Kyokushin 8814:Chitō-ryū 8584:21 August 8316:GiantLife 8241:20 August 7851:, pg. 320 7834:8 October 7527:3 January 7493:3 January 7459:3 January 7437:3 January 7403:3 January 7369:3 January 7337:"Academy" 7308:1752-7732 7173:22 August 6748:22 August 5746:cite book 5521:. pp. 19. 5040:わがカラテ日々研鑽 4952:3 January 4101:Bruce Lee 4088:Weng Weng 4048:Joe Lewis 4038:Jim Kelly 4032:Shotokan 4022:Shotokan 4012:Gōjū-ryu 4002:Gōjū-ryu 3992:Gōjū-ryu 3982:Gōjū-ryu 3855:Bruce Lee 3829:Wing Chun 3788:Cobra Kai 3753:released 3678:Bruce Lee 3645:Bruce Lee 3616:Australia 3594:Liverpool 3452:Shito Ryu 3311:taekwondo 3247:In 1964, 3232:In 1961, 3161:Ed Parker 3057:Uechi-Ryū 3049:Kyokushin 3041:Shitō-ryū 3022:Mas Oyama 2816:approved 2750:Kyokushin 2748:train in 2736:practice 2597:hojo undo 2535:grappling 2490:Kyokushin 2470:Bōgutsuki 2326:aliveness 2318:Kyokushin 2083:aikijutsu 1855:Butokuden 1806:Uechi-ryū 1798:Zhou Zihe 1763:Seko Higa 1741:In 1881, 1682:schools. 1645:Tomari-te 1568:Tang hand 1504:Jigen-ryū 1411:Nishinda 1060:Kyokushin 918:homophone 754:Tang hand 727:was read 665:Tang hand 614:Etymology 450:karate-ka 436:. While, 398:Karate-dō 386:karate-do 283:Worldwide 258:Mixed-sex 12106:Lacrosse 12096:Duathlon 12024:Baseball 11864:Muaythai 11849:Ju-jitsu 11828:Softball 11817:Lacrosse 11812:Korfball 11797:Fistball 11769:Tumbling 11648:Lacrosse 11628:Softball 11624:Baseball 11619:Breaking 11534:Shooting 11504:Handball 11472:Football 11450:Eventing 11445:Dressage 11391:Canoeing 11347:Swimming 11332:Artistic 11327:Aquatics 11215:Muaythai 10965:Ju-jitsu 10838:Tricking 10822:Chanbara 10724:Unifight 10677:Eclectic 10652:Taekkyon 10600:Bartitsu 10482:Internal 10372:Capoeira 10354:Striking 10282:Pehlwani 10229:Sparring 10191:Training 10179:Shooting 10124:Stand-up 10112:Takedown 10065:Footwork 10055:Headbutt 10017:Unarmed 9902:Timeline 9553:Yabusame 9525:Taijutsu 9518:Suijutsu 9490:Okinawan 9483:Ninjutsu 9469:Kyūjutsu 9455:Kenjutsu 9413:Iaijutsu 9241:Taikyoku 9181:Hangetsu 9049:Dōjō kun 9023:Makiwara 8934:Yoshukai 8929:Yoseikan 8924:Wadō-ryū 8914:Tōon-ryū 8904:Shūkōkai 8899:Shūdōkan 8894:Shotokan 8864:Shidōkan 8829:Gōjū-ryū 8809:Byakuren 8799:Ashihara 8699:Archived 8647:Archived 8601:Archived 8522:Archived 8440:Archived 8420:14 March 8346:Archived 8320:Archived 8264:Archived 8179:25 March 8173:Archived 8143:Archived 8084:Archived 8054:Archived 8020:Archived 7990:Archived 7960:Archived 7930:Archived 7925:Newsweek 7898:Archived 7893:Newsweek 7828:Archived 7798:Archived 7743:catapult 7741:is to a 7717:'s book 7693:Archived 7663:Archived 7633:Archived 7602:Archived 7582:14 March 7253:Archived 7222:Archived 7218:"Karate" 7144:Archived 7091:Archived 7061:Archived 7031:Archived 6884:Archived 6774:4 August 6768:Archived 6742:Archived 6722:8 August 6716:Archived 6696:8 August 6666:4 August 6660:Archived 6634:4 August 6628:Archived 6550:Archived 6516:16 March 6510:Archived 6453:Archived 6422:Archived 6390:Archived 6370:14 March 6364:Archived 6344:14 March 6338:Archived 6228:14 March 6222:Archived 6196:Archived 6172:20 March 6166:Archived 6146:14 March 6114:14 March 6108:Archived 5831:Archived 5592:Archived 5229:Archived 5192:Archived 5123:Archived 5004:14 March 4998:Archived 4989:道と術：柔道教典 4946:Archived 4860:Archived 4814:14 March 4808:Archived 4799:道と術：柔道教典 4756:Archived 4704:Archived 4625:archived 4577:14 March 4551:14 March 4542:Archived 4469:14 March 4417:11 March 4411:Archived 4298:cite web 4257:attack." 4225:14 March 4123:See also 3773:(1986), 3535:Wado Ryu 3523:Shotokai 3508:Ayrshire 3485:Yoseikan 3456:Shotokan 3448:Goju Ryu 3444:Wado Ryu 3322:and the 3295:taekkyon 3100:Wado Ryu 3080:Americas 3045:Wadō-ryū 3037:Shotokan 3033:Gōjū-ryū 3014:Higaonna 2916:yudansha 2898:using a 2830:baseball 2782:Gōjū-ryū 2756:holds a 2738:Shotokan 2614:strength 2603:makiwara 2578:dōjō kun 2568:Dōjō kun 2562:Dōjō Kun 2542:iri kume 2515:yakusoku 2481:Sparring 2370:or as a 2348:Practice 2334:sparring 2268:Okinawan 2264:iri kumi 2211:karategi 2122:Shotokan 2103:iaijutsu 2095:kenjutsu 2059:karatedō 2024:karatedō 1982:karatedō 1866:Shotokan 1755:Gojū-ryū 1698:forms (" 1680:Shuri-te 1637:Shuri-te 1494:karamutō 1487:Kōshōkun 1440:Chān-gwā 1289:Shō Shin 1233:Kōshōkun 1089:1980s – 1086:1920s – 1083:1900s – 1056:katakana 1037:, judo, 922:logogram 910:kenjutsu 781:kun’yomi 729:kun’yomi 692:Uchinādī 591:dōjō kun 509:Okinawan 442:throwing 415:(called 384:), also 375:Okinawan 275:Presence 216:Highest 123:Hardness 117:Striking 35:reviewed 12081:(women) 12049:Netball 12039:Casting 11900:Bowling 11885:Archery 11819:(women) 11754:Parkour 11633:Cricket 11549:Surfing 11529:Sailing 11462:Fencing 11408:Cycling 11359:Archery 11266:Outline 11200:Fencing 11155:Fencing 11090:Jujutsu 11040:Fencing 10891:Fencing 10767:Jujutsu 10752:Bokator 10747:Banshay 10681:hybrids 10647:Systema 10605:Hapkido 10507:Tai chi 10462:Vovinam 10407:Lethwei 10312:Cornish 10267:Jujutsu 10224:Randori 10174:Archery 10134:Weapons 10007:Vietnam 9980:Okinawa 9970:Ireland 9965:Italian 9907:Records 9897:History 9807:Zanshin 9777:Randori 9756:Kuzushi 9610:Jūkendō 9511:Sōjutsu 9434:Jujutsu 9427:Jōjutsu 9392:Boryaku 9385:Bōjutsu 9371:Bajutsu 9216:Sanchin 9037:Culture 8977:Strikes 8972:Stances 8967:Punches 8804:Budokan 8764:Origins 8653:5 March 8627:29 July 8558:15 June 8548:ASK MEN 8528:10 June 8472:24 June 8446:24 June 8438:. n.d. 8396:29 July 8326:16 June 7966:9 April 7739:spandau 7347:5 March 7321:24 July 7228:20 July 7150:5 March 7123:5 March 6417:Sherdog 6194:. WSJ. 5634:琉球拳法唐手 5575:廃藩当時の人物 5386:東恩納寛惇全集 5146:唐手から空手へ 5114:琉球拳法唐手 4911:5 March 4851:琉球拳法唐手 4747:琉球拳法唐手 4710:15 July 3833:Kung fu 3747:arcades 3727:arcades 3703:In the 3694:kung fu 3680:flicks 3660:at the 3608:Oceania 3517:of the 3299:kung fu 2968:Shingon 2838:surfing 2642:agility 2618:stamina 2574:bushidō 2572:In the 2555:zanshin 2340:", or " 2246: 2228:randori 2206:keikogi 2114:jujutsu 2087:jujutsu 2039: 1997: 1965: 1938: 1870:Kodokan 1840:Shō Tai 1810:Sanchin 1751:Naha-te 1690:Naha-te 1641:Naha-te 1602: 1562: 1519:sea ban 1508:jujutsu 1449: 1421:Shō Kei 1369: 1331: 1298:百浦添欄干之銘 1263:Okinawa 1257:jujutsu 1181:sanshin 1148:History 1097:(hand) 983: 920:of the 904:jujutsu 880: 785:on'yomi 769:on'yomi 748: 701: 659: 633: 505:samurai 403:, is a 289:Olympic 249:Contact 208:Finland 204:Tampere 12161:Karate 11854:Karate 11833:Squash 11653:Squash 11643:Karate 11564:Tennis 11519:Rowing 11386:Boxing 11337:Diving 11256:Portal 11210:Karate 11195:Boxing 11165:Karate 11150:Boxing 11118:Kurash 11095:Karate 11080:Boxing 11050:Karate 11035:Boxing 11008:Aikido 10970:Karate 10943:Savate 10901:Karate 10886:Boxing 10714:Shooto 10490:Aikido 10442:Savate 10392:Karate 10367:Boxing 10247:Barróg 10075:Flying 10050:Ground 10045:Clinch 10002:Russia 9950:Europe 9791:Ko-ryū 9770:Mushin 9617:Karate 9575:Aikido 9539:Tenmon 9361:Kobudō 9261:Wanshū 9256:Wankan 9246:Tensho 9236:Sōchin 9151:Chinte 9141:Ananku 9018:Kobudō 9013:Kumite 9008:Bunkai 8952:Blocks 8819:Enshin 8791:Styles 8739:Karate 8676: 8498:26 May 8352:17 May 8202: 8149:13 May 8119:13 May 8090:27 May 8060:27 May 8026:27 May 7996:27 May 7771: 7729:Oddjob 7699:21 May 7669:21 May 7639:21 May 7608:21 May 7518: 7484: 7428: 7394: 7306: 7037:31 May 7005: 6975: 6946: 6917: 6864:31 May 6834: 6490:6 July 6459:23 May 6396:23 May 6309: 6275: 6050: 6025: 6002:23 May 5959: 5934: 5909: 5884: 5542:23 May 5503:23 May 5474: 5430: 5348: 5319: 5290: 5265: 5223:] 5156: 5094:沖縄一千年史 4696: 4517: 4492: 4440: 4385: 4347: 4248: 4194: 4117:Jet Li 4115:, and 3821:hybrid 3751:Capcom 3423:France 3383:Europe 3085:Canada 3068:Africa 3043:, and 2978:Styles 2944:bunkai 2930:, and 2840:, and 2681:kumite 2648:, and 2624:, and 2531:sweeps 2474:armour 2461:Kumite 2455:Kumite 2445:Bunkai 2439:Kata ( 2396:kumite 2376:kokoro 2186:, and 2079:aikido 1914:, and 1814:Seisan 1794:Fuzhou 1773:, and 1695:Pin'an 1666:(1938) 1643:, and 1628:) and 1526:Fuzhou 1433:Uēkata 1425:Uēkata 1417:Uēkata 1413:Uēkata 1402:Uēkata 1398:Uēkata 1225:Keichō 1190:mēkata 1186:mēkata 1170:mēkata 1163:mēkata 1153:Origin 1129:(カラテ) 1127:Karate 1121:Karate 1110:Karate 1035:aikido 801:karate 765:karate 733:karate 721:karate 569:karate 560:karate 513:samurē 312:Karate 262:Varies 184:Karate 158: 73:Karate 12117:Wushu 12108:(men) 12064:Sambo 11984:Track 11220:Sambo 11128:Sambo 11110:Wushu 11013:Wushu 10993:Sambo 10938:Glima 10843:Wuxia 10625:MCMAP 10595:Arnis 10427:Sanda 10387:Dambe 10362:Bando 10342:shoot 10307:catch 10287:Sambo 10117:Throw 10107:Sweep 10085:Stomp 10035:Punch 9987:Korea 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