Kannada - Knowledge

3460:, is ascribed to the early 9th century. His writing has been mentioned by Vijayanagara poets Mangarasa III and Doddiah (also spelt Doddayya, c. 1550 AD) and praised by Durgasimha (c. 1025 AD). During the 9th century period, the Digambara Jain poet Asaga (or Asoka) authored, among other writings, "Karnata Kumarasambhava Kavya" and "Varadamana Charitra". His works have been praised by later poets, although none of his works are available today. "Gunagankiyam", the earliest known prosody in Kannada, was referenced in a Tamil work dated to 10th century or earlier ("Yapparungalakkarigai" by Amritasagara). Gunanandi, an expert in logic, Kannada grammar and prose, flourished in the 9th century AD. Around 900 AD, Gunavarma I wrote "Sudraka" and "Harivamsa" (also known as "Neminatha Purana"). In "Sudraka" he compared his patron, Ganga king Ereganga Neetimarga II (c. 907–921 AD), to a noted king called Sudraka. Jinachandra, who is referred to by Sri Ponna (c. 950 AD) as the author of "Pujyapada Charita", had earned the honorific "modern Samantha Bhadra". Tamil Buddhist commentators of the 10th century AD (in the commentary on 2662: 2747: 2716: 2701: 2767: 3424:

produced the Ganges from the tip of his top-knot." Bhattakalanka (1604 CE), the great Kannada grammarian, refers to Srivaradhadeva's Chudamani as the greatest work in Kannada, and as incontestable proof of the scholarly character and value of Kannada literature. This makes Srivaradhadeva's time earlier than the 6th–7th century AD. Other writers, whose works are not extant now but titles of which are known from independent references such as Indranandi's "Srutavatara", Devachandra's "Rajavalikathe", Bhattakalanka's "Sabdanusasana" of 1604, writings of Jayakirthi are Syamakundacharya (650), who authored the "Prabhrita", and Srivaradhadeva (also called Tumubuluracharya, 650 or earlier), who wrote the "Chudamani" ("Crest Jewel"), a 96,000-verse commentary on logic. The

3253: 2678: 2638: 3596:, without the admixture of Sanskrit words. He succeeded in his challenge and proved wrong those who had advocated that it was impossible to write a work in Kannada without using Sanskrit words. Andayya may be considered as a protector of Kannada poets who were ridiculed by Sanskrit advocates. Thus Kannada is the only Dravidian language which is not only capable of using only native Kannada words and grammar in its literature (like Tamil), but also use Sanskrit grammar and vocabulary (like Telugu, Malayalam, Tulu, etc.) The Champu style of literature of mixing poetry with prose owes its origins to the Kannada language which was later incorporated by poets into Sanskrit and other Indian languages. 2732: 5815: 5215: 2902:(150 AD) mentions places such as Badiamaioi (Badami), Inde (Indi), Kalligeris (Kalkeri), Modogoulla (Mudagal), Petrigala (Pattadakal), Hippokoura (Huvina Hipparagi), Nagarouris (Nagur), Tabaso (Tavasi), Tiripangalida (Gadahinglai), Soubouttou or Sabatha (Savadi), Banaouase (Banavasi), Thogorum (Tagara), Biathana (Paithan), Sirimalaga (Malkhed), Aloe (Ellapur) and Pasage (Palasige). He mentions a Satavahana king Sire Polemaios, who is identified with Sri Pulumayi (or Pulumavi), whose name is derived from the Kannada word for 561: 2618: 11399: 12767: 3030:, leading epigrapher and historian, K. R. Narasimhan following a detailed study and comparison, declared that the plates belong to the 4th century, i.e., 338 AD. The Kannada Lion balustrade inscription excavated at the Pranaveshwara temple complex at Talagunda near Shiralakoppa of Shivamogga district, dated to 370 AD is now considered the earliest Kannada inscriptions replacing the Halmidi inscription of 450 AD. The 5th century poetic Tamatekallu inscription of 5103: 623: 2646: 12699: 12784: 12750: 12733: 73: 5089: 12716: 11077: 2787:

large and well-settled populations, living in well-organised states ruled by able dynasties like the Satavahanas, with a high degree of civilisation There is, therefore, no reason to believe that these languages had less rich or less expressive oral traditions than Tamil had towards the end of its pre-literate period.

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of Maharashtra has a distinct tribe called 'Hatkar Kaanadi' people who speak a Kannada (Kaanadi) dialect with lot of old Kannada words. Per Chidananda Murthy, they are the native people of Nasik from ancient times, which shows that North Maharashtra's Nasik area had Kannada population 1000 years ago.

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in Kannada. Early Kannada writers regularly mention three poets as of especial eminence among their predecessors – Samanta-bhadra, Kavi Parameshthi and Pujyapada. Since later Kannada poets so uniformly name these three as eminent poets, it is probable that they wrote in Kannada also. Samantabhadra is

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to the 6th century or earlier. An inscription of 1128 AD quotes a couplet by the famous Sanskrit poet Dandin (active 680–720 AD), highly praising Srivaradhadeva, for his Kannada work Chudamani, as having "produced Saraswati (i.e., learning and eloquence) from the tip of his tongue, as Siva

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tradition of the 12th century is purely native and unique in world literature, and the sum of contributions by all sections of society. Vachanas were pithy poems on that period's social, religious and economic conditions. More importantly, they held a mirror to the seed of social revolution, which

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metre are said to have survived at least until the date of the Kavirajamarga in 850 AD and had their roots in the early Kannada folk literature. These Kannada verse-compositions might have been representative of folk songs containing influence of Sanskrit and Prakrit metrical patterns to some

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Iravatam Mahadevan, a Brahmin, author of a work on early Tamil epigraphy, argued that oral traditions in Kannada and Telugu existed much before written documents were produced. Although the rock inscriptions of Ashoka were written in Prakrit, the spoken language in those regions was Kannada as the

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to this list. Mahadevan feels that some grammatical categories found in these inscriptions are also unique to Kannada rather than Tamil. Both these scholars attribute these influences to the movements and spread of Jainas in these regions. These inscriptions belong to the period between the first

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speak the Golari dialect of Kannada which is identical to the Holiya dialect spoken by their tribal offshoot Holiyas present in Seoni, Nagpur and Bhandara of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. There were around 3,600 speakers of this dialect as per the 1901 census. Matthew A. Sherring describes the

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numbering 8–10, stating these are but a few of many, but whose works are lost, are Vimala or Vimalachandra (c. 777), Udaya, Nagarjuna, Jayabandhu, Durvinita (6th century), and poets including Kaviswara, Srivijaya, Pandita, Chandra, Ravi Kirti (c. 634) and Lokapala. For fragmentary information on

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If proof were needed to show that Kannada was the spoken language of the region during the early period, one needs only to study the large number of Kannada personal names and place names in the early Prakrit inscriptions on stone and copper in Upper South India Kannada was spoken by relatively

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grammar. Literary Prakrit seems to have prevailed in Karnataka since ancient times. Speakers of vernacular Prakrit may have come into contact with Kannada speakers, thus influencing their language, even before Kannada was used for administrative or liturgical purposes. The scholar K. V. Narayana

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In the United States, there were 35,900 speakers in 2006–2008, a number that had risen to 48,600 by the time of the 2015 census. There are 4,000 speakers in Canada (according to the 2016 census), 9,700 in Australia (2016 census), 22,000 in Singapore (2018 estimate), and 59,000 in Malaysia (2021

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Report on the administration of Mysore – Page 90 Mysore – 1864 "There is no authentic record of the casting of the first Early Canarese printing. Canarese type, but a Canarese Grammar by Carey printed at Serampore in 1817 is extant. About the same time a translation of the Scriptures was

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in Kannada, are a set of two or more words compounded together. There are several types of compound bases, based on the rules followed for compounding. The types of compound bases or samāsas: tatpurusha, karmadhāraya, dvigu, bahuvreehi, anshi, dvandva, kriya and gamaka samāsa. Examples:

4005:, they dwell in the Chakurhaitee and Keenee subdivisions. The Kurumvars of Chanda district of Maharashtra, a wild pastoral tribe, 2,200 in number as per the 1901 census, spoke a Kannada dialect called Kurumvari. The Kurumbas or Kurubas, a nomadic shepherd tribe were spread across the 3289:

I (850 AD) is the earliest existing literary work in Kannada. It is a writing on literary criticism and poetics meant to standardise various written Kannada dialects used in literature in previous centuries. The book makes reference to Kannada works by early writers such as King

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Vastukosha' (ಅಭಿದಾನ ವಾಸ್ತುಕೋಶ) by Nagavarma (1045 AD), 'Amarakoshada Teeku' (ಅಮರಕೋಶದ ತೀಕು) by Vittala (1300), 'Abhinavaabhidaana' (ಅಭಿನವಾಭಿದಾನ) by Abhinava Mangaraja (1398 AD) and many more. A Kannada–English dictionary consisting of more than 70,000 words was composed by

2209:, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a second or third language for around 15 million non-native speakers in Karnataka. The official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka, it also has 3565:(ಧರ್ಮಾಮೃತ), a book on morals, warns writers from mixing Kannada with Sanskrit by comparing it with mixing of clarified butter and oil. He has written it using very limited Sanskrit words which fit with idiomatic Kannada. In 1235 AD, Jain poet Andayya, wrote 4141:. The Kannada script is almost entirely phonetic, but for the sound of a "half n" (which becomes a half m). The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the forty-nine characters in the alphabet, because different characters can be combined to form 3015:, indicating that Kannada had become an administrative language at that time. The Halmidi inscription provides invaluable information about the history and culture of Karnataka. A set of five copper plate inscriptions discovered in Mudiyanur, though in the 4073:

and spoke the Kurumba Kannada dialect. The Kurumba and Kurumvari dialect (both closely related with each other) speakers were estimated to be around 11,400 in total as per the 1901 census. There were about 34,250 Badaga speakers as per the 1901 census.

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indicates that Kannada was already a language of rich spoken tradition by the 3rd century BC and that and based on the native Kannada words found in Prakrit inscriptions of that period, Kannada must have been spoken by a broad and stable population.

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Kannada–Kannada dictionary has existed in Kannada along with ancient works of Kannada grammar. The oldest available Kannada dictionary was composed by the poet 'Ranna' called 'Ranna Kanda' (ರನ್ನ ಕಂದ) in 996 AD. Other dictionaries are

5076:/ellaːmaːn̪ɐʋɐɾusʋɐt̪ɐn̪t̪ɾɐɾaːɡijeːhuʈʈid̪d̪aːɾehaːɡugʱɐn̪ɐt̪emɐt̪t̪uɐd̪ʱikaːɾɐɡɐɭɐllisɐmaːn̪ɐɾaːɡid̪d̪aːɾeǁt̪iɭiʋumɐt̪t̪uɐn̪t̪ɐkkɐɾɐɳɐɡɐɭɐn̪n̪upɐɖed̪ɐʋɐraːd̪d̪ɐɾin̪d̪ɐɐʋɐɾuobbɐɾiɡobbɐɾusɐhoːd̪ɐɾɐbʱaːʋɐd̪in̪d̪ɐn̪ɐɖed̪ukoɭɭɐbeːkuǁ/ 3199:, the Badami Chalukya coins being a recent discovery. The coins of the Kadambas of Goa are unique in that they have alternate inscription of the king's name in Kannada and Devanagari in triplicate, a few coins of the Kadambas of 6104:

found in the Ashokan inscription (called the Brahmagiri edict from Karnataka) meaning to shoot an arrow, is a Kannada word, indicating that Kannada was a spoken language in the 3rd century BC (D.L. Narasimhachar in Kamath 2001,

7647:"The author endeavours to demonstrate that the entire Sangam poetic corpus follows the "Kavya" form of Sanskrit poetry"-Tieken, Herman Joseph Hugo. 2001. Kāvya in South India: old Tamil Caṅkam poetry. Groningen: Egbert Forsten 3561:(folk or spoken form of language) style was popular and made his people aware of the strength and beauty of their native language Kannada. In 1112 AD, Jain poet Nayasena of Mulugunda, Dharwad district, in his Champu work 2965:-125 AD, i.e., late 1st century – early 2nd century AD) who was ruling from Paithan in the north and his son, prince Vilivaya-kura or Pulumayi Kumara was ruling from Huvina Hipparagi in present Karnataka in the south. 3388:

placed in 2nd century AD by Jain tradition. Old Kannada commentaries on some of his works exist. He was said to have born in Utkalikagrama and while performing penance in Manuvakahalli, he was attacked by a disease called

3392:. Pujyapada also called Devanandi, was the preceptor of Ganga king Durvinita and belonged to the late 5th to early 6th century AD. Kaviparameshthi probably lived in the 4th century AD. He may possibly be the same as the 3367:(Old Kannada) of much ancient times, which is nothing but the Pre-Old Kannada and also warns aspiring Kannada writers to avoid its archaisms, as per R. S. Hukkerikar. Regarding earlier poems in Kannada, the author of " 5521: 4661:

Old Kannada had an archaic phoneme /ɻ/ under retroflexes in early inscriptions which merged with /ɭ/ and it maintained the contrast between /r/ (< PD ∗ṯ) and /ɾ/ from (< PD ∗r). Both merged in Medieval Kannada.

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There is also a considerable difference between the spoken and written forms of the language. Spoken Kannada tends to vary from region to region. The written form is more or less consistent throughout Karnataka. The

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In many ways the third-person pronouns are more like demonstratives than like the other pronouns. They are pluralised like nouns and the first- and second-person pronouns have different ways to distinguish number.

10459: 4166: 3371:" states that old Kannada is appropriate in ancient poems but insipid in contemporaneous works as per R. Narasimhacharya. Gunanandi (900 AD), quoted by the grammarian Bhattakalanka and always addressed as 4946:(masculine, feminine, and neuter or common) and two numbers (singular and plural). It is inflected for gender, number and tense, among other things. The most authoritative known book on old Kannada grammar is 6648: 4919:

At around the 8th century, Kannada raised the vowels e, o to i, u when before a short consonant and a high vowel, before written literature emerged in the language, e.g. Kn. kivi, Ta. cevi, Te. cevi "ear".

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in and around Goa speak their own dialect of Kannada, known as Halegannada. They are settled throughout Goa state, throughout Uttara Kannada district and Khanapur taluk of Belagavi district, Karnataka. The

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Ellā mānavaru svatantrarāgiyē huṭṭiddāre hāgu ghanate mattu adhikāragaḷalli samānarāgiddāre. Tiḷivu mattu antaḥkaraṇagaḷannu paḍedavarāddarinda avaru obbarigobbaru sahōdara bhāvadinda naḍedukoḷḷabēku.

8069: 7629:"Literature in all Dravidian languages owes a great deal to Sanskrit, the magic wand whose touch raised each of the languages from a level of patois to that of a literary idiom". (Sastri 1955, p309) 3825:. Contemporary Kannada literature has been highly successful in reaching people of all classes in society. Further, Kannada has produced a number of prolific and renowned poets and writers such as 10074: 4168: 3294:

of the 6th century and Ravikirti, the author of the Aihole record of 636 AD. Since the earliest available Kannada work is one on grammar and a guide of sorts to unify existing variants of

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Historically, the Tamil-Malayalam languages and, independently, Telugu, phonemically palatalised /k/ before a front vowel; Kannada never developed such phonemic palatalisation (c.f. Kn. ಕಿವಿ

3081:. Prior to the Halmidi inscription, there is an abundance of inscriptions containing Kannada words, phrases and sentences, proving its antiquity. The 543 AD Badami cliff inscription of 6678: 2778:

The earliest Kannada inscriptions are from the middle of the 5th century AD, but there are a number of earlier texts that may have been influenced by the ancestor language of Old Kannada.

3379:. Durvinita (529–579 AD), the Ganga king, was the pupil of the author of Sabdavatara, i.e., Devanandi Pujyapada. Durvinita is said to have written a commentary on the difficult 15th 7750:– 1854 "Among those of the former are tracts on Caste, on the Hindu gods; Canarese Proverbs; Henry and his Bearer; the Pilgrim's Progress; Barth's Bible Stories; a Canarese hymn book" 1824: 3104:

Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in addition to Karnataka. This indicates the spread of the influence of the language over the ages, especially during the rule of large Kannada empires.

5057:ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾನವರು ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರರಾಗಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಘನತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅಧಿಕಾರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾನರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ತಿಳಿವು ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಃಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದವರಾದ್ದರಿಂದ, ಅವರು ಒಬ್ಬರಿಗೊಬ್ಬರು ಸಹೋದರ ಭಾವದಿಂದ ನಡೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕು. 2661: 2612: 1322: 2429:

claims that many tribal languages which are now designated as Kannada dialects could be nearer to the earlier form of the language, with lesser influence from other languages.

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of Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts of Karnataka speak in their own dialect of Kannada called Halakki Kannada or Achchagannada. Their population estimate is about 75,000.

2954:), as being located in Northern Karnataka which signify the existence of Kannada place names (and the language and culture) in the southern Kuntala region during the reign of 2914:' indicating native Kannada origin for the Satavahanas. Pai identifies all the 10 cities mentioned by Ptolemy (100–170 AD) as lying between the river Benda (or Binda) or 2303:, the most for any Dravidian language and the second highest for any Indian language. In July 2011, a center for the study of classical Kannada was established as part of the 5529: 1820: 6525: 5639: 5047:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

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King Aluvarasa II from Belmannu (the Dakshina Kannada district), and display the double crested fish, his royal emblem. The oldest well-preserved palm leaf manuscript in

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There are also the consonants /f, z/ which occur in recent English and Perso-Arabic loans but they may be replaced by the consonants /pʰ, dʒ/ respectively by speakers.

1808: 5599: 2323:, where it is spoken natively by 40.6 million people, or about two thirds of the state's population. There are native Kannada speakers in the neighbouring states of 8013: 6656: 4167: 10633: 9926: 5166: 5782: 4912:

The short vowels /a i u e o/, when in an initial or a medial position tend to be pronounced as . In a final position, this phenomenon occurs less frequently.

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Kannadigas form Tamil Nadu's third biggest linguistic group; their population is roughly 1.23 million, which is 2.2% of Tamil Nadu's total population.

6437: 3415:(Crest Jewel—650 AD or earlier) by Srivaradhadeva, also known as Tumbuluracharya, which is a work of 96,000 verse-measures and a commentary on logic ( 6750: 11415: 6859: 2746: 12589: 7861: 3216: 6526:"Ancient copper plates of Kannada older than Halmidi inscription are in Kolar – ಕೋಲಾರದಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಹಲ್ಮಿಡಿ ಶಾಸನಕ್ಕಿಂತಲೂ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನವಾದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷೆಯ ತಾಮ್ರದ ಪತ್ರ!" 10780: 3239: 3638:. During this period, the Sanskritic influence is present in most abstract, religious, scientific and rhetorical terms. During this period, several 12809: 12291: 10279: 10246: 8596: 6940: 2412:, both in morphology, phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. The three principle sources of influence on literary Kannada grammar appear to be 1555: 6259:

History of India, in Nine Volumes: Vol. II – From the Sixth Century B.C. to the Mohammedan Conquest, Including the Invasion of Alexander the Great

8758:"Indian inscriptions-South Indian inscriptions, Vol 20, 18, 17, 15, 11 and 9, Archaeological survey of India, What Is India Publishers (P) Ltd" 3066:–370) found at Tagarthi (Tyagarthi) in Shikaripura taluk of Shimoga district is of 350 AD and is also older than the Halmidi inscription. 2087: 1836: 12854: 11012: 8791: 5708: 3400:

praised by Chavunda Raya (978 AD) and his spiritual teacher, Nemichandra (10th century AD), all the names possibly being only epithets.

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extent. "Kavirajamarga" also discusses earlier composition forms peculiar to Kannada, the "gadyakatha", a mixture of prose and poetry, the "

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very rarely occur in native vocabulary only in a few numerals like the number 9 and 80, which can be written with a /bʱ/, as in "ಒಂಭತ್ತು",

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poems in Kannada to the likes of the great Sanskrit poets like Gunasuri, Narayana, Bharavi, Kalidasa, Magha, etc. This Old Kannada work,

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caused a radical re-examination of the ideas of caste, creed and religion. Some of the important writers of Vachana literature include

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The late classical period gave birth to several genres of Kannada literature, with new forms of composition coming into use, including

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The vowels /i iː e eː/ may be preceded by /j/ and the vowels /u uː o oː/ may be preceded by /ʋ/ when they are in an initial position.

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Additionally, Kannada included the following phonemes, which dropped out of common usage in the 12th and 18th century respectively:

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The writing exalts the grain Ragi above all other grains that form the staple foods of much of modern Karnataka (Sastri 1955, p365)

5569: 4022: 3630:(ಕರ್ಣಾಟ ಭಾರತ ಕಥಾಮಂಜರಿ), was arguably the most influential Kannada writer of this period. His work, entirely composed in the native 3464:, a Tamil grammatical work) make references that show that Kannada literature must have flourished as early as the BC 4th century. 2873:

century BC and fourth century AD. These are some examples that are proof of the early usage of a few Kannada origin words in early

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The coins are preserved at the Archaeological Section, Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Mumbai – Kundangar and Moraes in

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The earliest copper plates inscribed in Old Kannada script and language, dated to the early 8th century AD, are associated with

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and literary styles, it can be safely assumed that literature in Kannada must have started several centuries earlier. An early

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Kannada had 43.7 million native speakers in India at the time of the 2011 census. It is the main language of the state of

1434: 6991: 6071: 5918: 5272: 12221: 11809: 11402: 10773: 10241: 8729: 8697: 8678: 8651: 8632: 8613: 8580: 8561: 8542: 8523: 8484: 8463: 8444: 8425: 8381: 8362: 8220: 7847: 7703: 6728: 6568: 6491: 5881:

Studies in Jainology, Prakrit literature, and languages: a collection of select 51 papers Volume 116 of Prakrit Bharti pushpa

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The voiceless retroflex sibilant /ʂ/ is commonly pronounced as a /ʃ/ except in consonant clusters with retroflex consonants.

12859: 12829: 12814: 12564: 10600: 8709:(1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1990 7433: 4556: 4030: 2210: 792: 398: 8002: 6901:

The coin is preserved at the Indian Historical Research Institute, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai – Kundangar and Moraes in

6127: 5756: 5603: 2700: 12687: 12655: 12569: 7839: 4548: 3609: 2766: 1858: 1704: 1662: 583: 7984: 5495: 3932:, Dharawad Kannada etc. All of these dialects are influenced by their regional and cultural background. The one million 2895:, upon its mouth. Many of these are Kannada origin names of places and rivers of the Karnataka coast of 1st century AD. 12660: 12574: 12263: 12190: 8123: 8087: 7638:

Takahashi, Takanobu. 1995. Tamil love poetry and poetics. Brill's Indological library, v. 9. Leiden: E.J. Brill, p16,18

5284: 2389:, from which it derives its grammar and core vocabulary. Its history can be divided into three stages: Old Kannada, or 2347:(67,800). It is also spoken as a second and third language by over 12.9 million non-native speakers in Karnataka. 2080: 1862: 1667: 1442: 7799: 7693: 7029:

Two coins of the Hangal Kadambas are preserved at the Royal Asiatic Society, Mumbai, one with the Kannada inscription

11005: 8784: 8714: 7967: 7605: 7569: 7539: 7470: 7389: 7263: 6704: 6267: 6240: 6201: 6174: 6013: 5959: 5766: 5739: 5505: 2705: 1975: 1712: 3252: 2637: 12844: 12579: 12200: 10979: 10766: 9591: 6257: 5786: 4515: 4319: 3151:(c. 390–420 AD) in old Kannada exists. A Kadamba copper coin dated to the 5th century AD with the inscription 2677: 1344: 1112: 1107: 713: 17: 6867: 6191: 5895: 5841: 12849: 12834: 11429: 10747: 10433: 10265: 7413:

The author and his work were praised by the latter-day poet Durgasimha of AD 1025 (R. Narasimhacharya 1988, p18.)

4815: 4807: 3765: 2608: 1318: 573: 2689:, a classical Kannada composition in two parts; a fight between a hound and a wild boar, and the victory of the 12722: 12514: 12444: 12125: 12062: 12042: 11805: 11450: 11381: 8150: 6758: 4540: 3686: 2796: 2053: 2025: 1958: 12705: 8418:

A Grammar of the Kannada Language Comprising the Three Dialects of the Language (Ancient, Medieval and Modern)

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Emperor Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I of 850 AD recognised that the Sanskrit style of Kannada literature was

12531: 12097: 11607: 4507: 4421: 3052:, is older than Halmidi inscription by about fifty to hundred years and may belong to the period AD 350–400. 2846:. The later inscriptions were studied in detail by Iravatham Mahadevan also. Mahadevan argues that the words 2073: 1962: 1348: 1276: 907: 895: 717: 705: 551: 486: 7826: 4625:

The aspiration of consonants depends entirely on the speaker and many do not do it in non-formal situations.

3944:

Ethnologue also classifies a group of four languages related to Kannada, which are, besides Kannada proper,

3693:(ರಾಮಧಾನ್ಯ ಚರಿತೆ) is a rare work, concerning with the issue of class struggle. This period saw the advent of 3407:

are not yet traced. Some ancient Kannada texts now considered extinct but referenced in later centuries are

1142: 1122: 504: 12839: 12819: 12627: 12549: 12316: 12284: 12047: 11493: 11475: 11457: 11437: 11355: 10998: 10231: 8777: 5729: 5161: 4893: 4835: 4827: 4688:, Kannada speakers frequently palatalise velar consonants before front vowels, for example, realising ಕಿವಿ 4653: 4499: 2771: 2214: 1987: 1866: 1716: 1518: 1513: 1406: 1381: 1272: 1070: 5075: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4673: 1127: 565:

Distribution of Kannada native speakers, majority regions in dark blue and minority regions in light blue.

12559: 12228: 12057: 11894: 11296: 10226: 9584: 8050: 4935: 4772: 4764: 4525: 4311: 3247: 1204: 460: 7460: 5625: 12554: 12518: 11484: 11466: 11446: 10541: 9500: 9379: 8212: 4860: 4852: 4564: 4295: 3757: 3256: 2891:), called Nitran by Ptolemy. He also mentions Barace (Barcelore), referring to the modern port city of 1882: 1841: 1752: 1455: 1223: 8321: 7914: 6283: 3347:", poems of several stanzas that were meant to be sung with the optional use of a musical instrument. 2731: 12824: 12311: 12298: 11547: 11527: 11398: 11374: 11366: 11161: 10930: 9475: 8950: 8851: 8808: 5327: 4899: 4891: 3723: 2600: 2057: 1933: 1896: 1870: 1483: 1414: 1284: 1260: 6964: 5988: 5814: 5214: 12306: 12242: 11866: 11831: 11826: 11760: 11503: 11301: 10236: 4792: 4784: 4413: 4303: 3866: 3865:

edited the first modern Kannada–Kannada dictionary, a 9,000-page, 8-volume series published by the

3348: 3235: 2509: 2450: 2382: 2005: 1878: 1724: 1720: 1446: 916: 721: 653: 545: 240: 31: 5039:

The given sample text is Article 1 from the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

3740:

whose writing may be described as the "Dawn of Modern Kannada", though generally, linguists treat

3055:

The noted archaeologist and art historian S. Shettar is of the opinion that an inscription of the

12526: 12464: 11980: 11700: 11342: 11265: 10966: 10734: 10587: 10420: 9505: 9180: 8764: 7933: 7887: 6914: 5332: 5254: 4901: 4397: 4327: 3795: 3732:

The Kannada works produced from the 19th century make a gradual transition and are classified as

3156: 2955: 2724: 2253: 2009: 1438: 882: 465: 46: 35: 12773: 12326: 12235: 12029: 11655: 11592: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11176: 11171: 11166: 10961: 10871: 10379: 10369: 9792: 9394: 9143: 8871: 8866: 7584:

Rice, Edward. P (1921), "A History of Kannada Literature", Oxford University Press, 1921: 14–15

7379: 6926: 6406: 5268: 4250: 4206: 3231: 2968:

An early ancestor of Kannada (or a related language) may have been spoken by Indian traders in

2288: 2257: 2037: 2021: 1770: 1708: 1531: 1430: 1268: 940: 921: 658: 7785: 7595: 5468: 11957: 11795: 11597: 11198: 11183: 11136: 10914: 9670: 9652: 9550: 9247: 9219: 9126: 9011: 9001: 8904: 8743: 6164: 6003: 5340: 5251:

The Karnataka official language act, 1963 – Karnataka Gazette (Extraordinary) Part IV-2A

5176: 4956:. The first available Kannada book, a treatise on poetics, rhetoric and basic grammar is the 4644: 4585: 4405: 4242: 4234: 4026: 3778: 3160: 3056: 2864:

have their origin in Kannada because Tamil cognates are not available. Settar adds the words

2654: 2641:

Old-Kannada inscription dated 578 AD (Badami Chalukya dynasty), outside Badami cave no.3

2237: 1906: 1465: 1199: 1191: 771: 688: 7293: 7086: 5664: 5227: 3436:, a lost "ashtaka" (eight line verse) composition and a work on elephant management by King 12617: 12541: 12484: 12354: 11985: 11836: 11572: 11552: 11245: 10374: 10149: 10044: 9384: 9224: 9163: 8861: 7660:

A Kannaḍa-English school-dictionary: chiefly based on the labours of the Rev. Dr. F. Kittel

6626: 6510:

Epigraphia Carnatica: [pt. 2]. Inscriptions in the Kolar district [Kannada text

5901: 5847: 5146: 4429: 4259: 4034: 3896:(spoken exclusively in Kundapura, Brahmavara, Bynduru and Hebri), Nador-Kannada (spoken by 3791: 2972:

and it may account for the Indian-language passages in the ancient Greek play known as the

2033: 1920: 1362: 1336: 1302: 1288: 1280: 1264: 1219: 1094: 1023: 763: 751: 640: 613: 286: 8282: 8280: 6569:"Kannada inscription at Talagunda of 370 CE may replace Halmidi inscription as the oldest" 5666: 5229: 3710:

literature and sowed the seeds of Carnatic music. Purandara Dasa is widely considered the

8: 12504: 12474: 11942: 11924: 11861: 11841: 11765: 11740: 11587: 11441: 11332: 11121: 10951: 10935: 10866: 10724: 10577: 10561: 10410: 10094: 9296: 9291: 9121: 9106: 9046: 8800: 7658: 4611: 4378: 4370: 4362: 4346: 4338: 4010: 3969: 3005: 2755: 2666: 2622: 2588: 2521: 2464: 2433: 2273: 2192: 1874: 1691: 1657: 1306: 1147: 1137: 1027: 899: 709: 680: 628: 281: 209: 12739: 7761: 5577: 5355: 3748:

by Gulvadi Venkata Raya as the first literary works in Modern Kannada. The first modern

1766: 12642: 12414: 12256: 12208: 11818: 11577: 11519: 11337: 11316: 11205: 11151: 11101: 10956: 10729: 10582: 10415: 10049: 10009: 9902: 9607: 9357: 9138: 9116: 9111: 9079: 8991: 8590: 8474: 8437:

The Written languages of the world: a survey of the degree and modes of use-vol 2 part1

8277: 7773: 7529: 7135: 6934: 6355: 6320: 5976: 5713: 5692: 4948: 4943: 4268: 4196: 4138: 4042: 3243: 3212: 3184: 3020: 2694: 2682: 2604: 2296: 2292: 2049: 1649: 1426: 1402: 1314: 1172: 1080: 733: 604: 113: 7202:

6th century Sanskrit poet Dandin praised Srivaradhadeva's writing as "having produced

6464: 5126: 2906:, meaning tiger. Some scholars indicate that the name Pulumayi is actually Kannada's ' 537: 12622: 12459: 12170: 11889: 11884: 11876: 11856: 11720: 11705: 11542: 11286: 11270: 11220: 11188: 11146: 11116: 10708: 10551: 10204: 9999: 9984: 9979: 9887: 9787: 9705: 9695: 9680: 9660: 9456: 9257: 9175: 9132: 9101: 9091: 9036: 9021: 8725: 8710: 8693: 8674: 8647: 8628: 8609: 8576: 8557: 8538: 8519: 8495: 8480: 8459: 8440: 8421: 8404: 8396: 8377: 8358: 8216: 7963: 7888:"Kannada Dialect Dictionaries and Dictionaries in Subregional Languages of Karnataka" 7853: 7843: 7699: 7601: 7565: 7535: 7466: 7385: 6915:

Dr Gopal, director, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History (6 February 2006).

6724: 6700: 6487: 6312: 6263: 6236: 6197: 6170: 6009: 5955: 5762: 5735: 5501: 5474: 5447: 5421: 5300: 5280: 5116: 4971: 4389: 4221: 4211: 4054: 3981: 3973: 3938: 3862: 3299: 3172: 3119:. It dates to around the 9th century and is preserved in the Jain Bhandar, Mudbidri, 2792: 2727:), dated AD 1112, at the Mahadeva Temple in Itagi, Koppal district of Karnataka state 2500: 2441: 2287:. Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia and literary 2265: 2261: 1928: 1622: 1567: 1366: 1049: 1041: 1031: 788: 767: 729: 340: 273: 268: 7960:

A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar. Volume 3

7452: 7248:. R. S. Hukkerikar; sole distributor: Popular Book Depot. pp. 85, 87, 178, 205. 5570:"Jnanpeeth Awardees from Karnataka | Jnanapeeta Awardees | Jnanpith Award" 3448:

which were sung either while pounding corn or to entice wild elephants into a pit ("

2704:

Old Kannada inscription dated 1057 AD of Western Chalukya King Someshvara I at

579: 12632: 12612: 12607: 12479: 12120: 11990: 11952: 11932: 11899: 11851: 11780: 11715: 11675: 11650: 11645: 11497: 11479: 11306: 11255: 11235: 11225: 11193: 11156: 11096: 11046: 10703: 10536: 10531: 10394: 10384: 10364: 10328: 10159: 10029: 10014: 9994: 9974: 9954: 9872: 9837: 9827: 9746: 9736: 9721: 9700: 9665: 9363: 9336: 9286: 9278: 9252: 9209: 9169: 9153: 9031: 9026: 9006: 8996: 8984: 8856: 8833: 8706: 8031: 7038: 7017: 6995: 6902: 6889: 6483:

Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol. 10: Inscriptions in the Kolar District (Classic Reprint)

6347: 6079: 5926: 5321: 5136: 5108: 4577: 4456: 4354: 4191: 4186: 4050: 4018: 3953: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3882: 3856: 3643: 3311: 3307: 3120: 3049: 2931: 2826:

to a person's name is an influence from Kannada. Another word of Kannada origin is

2709: 2245: 2134: 1578: 1460: 1017: 994: 989: 984: 796: 676: 102: 6288:. Director of Publicity & Information, Government of Mysore. 1966. p. 15. 5379: 3805:

Modern Kannada in the 20th century has been influenced by many movements, notably

2806:

In some 3rd–1st century BC Tamil inscriptions, words of Kannada influence such as

12597: 12384: 12359: 12270: 12067: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11972: 11962: 11947: 11904: 11790: 11785: 11710: 11695: 11311: 11240: 11230: 11215: 11210: 11141: 11131: 11126: 11061: 11036: 10850: 10809: 10688: 10667: 10657: 10556: 10521: 10490: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10313: 10209: 10174: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10104: 10099: 10089: 10064: 10039: 10034: 9949: 9912: 9907: 9897: 9857: 9847: 9842: 9817: 9802: 9761: 9751: 9726: 9715: 9543: 9520: 9490: 9461: 9451: 9430: 9346: 9323: 9306: 9301: 9231: 9214: 9158: 9148: 9074: 9064: 9016: 8971: 8945: 8919: 8884: 8846: 8352: 8206: 8106: 7561:

Gods, Heroes and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural heritage of South India

7559: 7514: 7243: 6989: 6552: 6508: 6481: 6384:

Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2, Sahitya Akademi (1988), pp. 1717, 1474

5949: 5305: 5121: 4929: 4228: 4216: 4094: 4081:

Kannada speakers formed 0.12% of Nasik district's population as per 1961 census.

4066: 4038: 4002: 3998: 3965: 3949: 3945: 3905: 3507: 3440:, belonged to the 8th century, this served as the basis for 2 popular folk songs 3295: 3276: 3188: 3132: 3078: 3074: 2923: 2888: 2880: 2877:

inscriptions before the common era and in the early centuries of the common era.

2751: 2740: 2720: 2686: 2630: 2617: 2592: 2269: 2241: 2233: 1891: 1563: 1559: 1470: 1422: 1075: 1062: 979: 961: 957: 926: 903: 781: 759: 755: 672: 379: 201: 191: 7437: 6116: 560: 12650: 12499: 12489: 12424: 12419: 12150: 12015: 11937: 11914: 11909: 11846: 11775: 11690: 11582: 11532: 11488: 11461: 11291: 11260: 11111: 11106: 11091: 11056: 10861: 10804: 10698: 10683: 10516: 10495: 10476: 10389: 10323: 10189: 10179: 10169: 10164: 10139: 10114: 10109: 10024: 10004: 9989: 9969: 9959: 9892: 9877: 9862: 9852: 9822: 9756: 9675: 9637: 9566: 9534: 9495: 9435: 9399: 9351: 9331: 9096: 9086: 8979: 8940: 8924: 8608:. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. London: Routledge. pp. 129–157. 7747: 6679:"HISTORIAN'S STUDY PUSHES EARLIEST RECORD OF KANNADA WRITING BACK BY A CENTURY" 5171: 5131: 4090: 4077: 4046: 4014: 3994: 3989: 3977: 3957: 3727: 3674: 3662: 3457: 3196: 3089: 3035: 2973: 2874: 2736: 2378: 2332: 2300: 2284: 2280: 2229: 2013: 1966: 1738: 1389: 1045: 1009: 974: 842: 827: 819: 684: 435: 374: 365: 186: 174: 142: 78: 10444: 7282:

as a milestone in the literature of the Kannada language (Sastri (1955), p355)

3689:, Prasanna Venkatadasa produced devotional poems in this period. Kanakadasa's 3310:

of 900 AD provides an elaborate description of the life of Bhadrabahu of

12803: 12374: 12369: 12344: 12175: 12165: 12130: 12105: 12087: 11750: 11735: 11620: 11537: 11509: 11470: 11250: 11066: 10909: 10693: 10546: 10526: 10308: 10199: 10194: 10184: 10154: 10144: 10119: 10054: 9882: 9867: 9797: 9731: 9389: 9341: 9204: 9069: 8899: 7857: 6316: 6217: 5802: 4977: 4958: 4714: 4480: 4472: 4464: 4448: 4441: 3658: 3547: 3543: 3404: 3326:. Ancient indigenous Kannada literary compositions of (folk) poetry like the 3281: 3260: 3192: 3143:

were found in Satara collectorate. A gold coin bearing three inscriptions of

3027: 2935: 2386: 2225: 2203: 1991: 1626: 1523: 1499: 1176: 1117: 999: 852: 837: 668: 297: 127: 8108:

Hindu Tribes and Castes: As Represented in Benares ; with Illustrations

3038:

Taluk of 500 AD are further examples. Recent reports indicate that the

2413: 12469: 12404: 12349: 12072: 11770: 11725: 11660: 11625: 10084: 8408: 7803: 5141: 5094: 4994: 4062: 3893: 3749: 3623: 3437: 3286: 3176: 3159:. Coins with Kannada legends have been discovered spanning the rule of the 2984:

The earliest examples of a full-length Kannada language stone inscription (

2690: 2440:

Kannada includes many loan words from Sanskrit. Some unaltered loan words (

2249: 1635: 1600: 1418: 867: 698: 10758: 8554:

A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar

6338:

Salomon, Richard (1991). "Epigraphic Remains of Indian Traders in Egypt".

5202: 3510:

and Raghavanka, trailblazers in their own right. Harihara established the

2830:

and is found in a 4th-century AD Tamil inscription. S. Settar studied the

2550:, 'king'. Some naturalised words of Prakrit origin in Kannada are 521: 12602: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12394: 12379: 12339: 11755: 10611: 10257: 9807: 7278:

The seventeenth-century Kannada grammarian Bhattakalanka wrote about the

6603: 4758: 4709: 4666: 4534: 3997:

banks established in the districts around Nagpur, in the stony tracts of

3985: 3901: 3773: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3635: 3429: 3097: 3039: 3031: 3023:

older than the Halmidi edict date of 450 AD, as per palaeographers.

2993: 2969: 2915: 2358: 2328: 2221: 2200: 1235: 965: 847: 832: 800: 430: 245: 137: 123: 8393:

A concise history of Karnata.k.a. from pre-historic times to the present

7139: 7127: 7016:

This shows that the native vernacular of the Goa Kadambas was Kannada –

6324: 6300: 4938:(subject–object–verb), typical of Indian languages. Kannada is a highly 12389: 12185: 12135: 11730: 10790: 9812: 5878: 5807: 5387:

Official website of Department of Parliamentary Affairs and Legislation

5207: 5181: 4939: 4844: 4719: 3909: 3889: 3769: 3654: 3515: 3480: 3101: 3082: 2951: 2927: 2324: 2299:

of around 1200 years. Kannada literature has been presented with eight

2220:

Kannada was the court language of a number of dynasties and empires of

2029: 1901: 1548: 877: 872: 425: 157: 12756: 11396: 10990: 8769: 8757: 6967:. Prabhu's Web Page on Indian Coinage, 1 November 2001. Archived from 6359: 6117:"A study on Ashoka's Inscriptions with special reference to Karnataka" 6048:. Ganganatha Jha Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha. pp. see page 319. 6046:

Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Volume 32

12449: 12409: 12180: 12115: 12110: 11665: 11640: 11420: 11406: 11051: 10819: 10643: 10318: 10289: 9710: 9576: 9054: 7203: 6921: 6621: 6401: 6033:. Internationial School of Dravidian Linguistics. pp. 330 pages. 5951:

Early Tamil Epigraphy from the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century AD

5600:"Jnanpith Award: Eight Kannada authors who have won 'Jnanpith Award'" 4975:(c. 1260 AD). The earlier grammatical works include portions of 4966: 4953: 4801: 4491: 4284: 4201: 4070: 3933: 3851: 3834: 3761: 3650: 3539: 3467:

Around the beginning of the 9th century, Old Kannada was spoken from

3291: 3264: 3164: 3093: 3070: 2892: 2645: 2374: 2354: 2336: 2320: 2196: 2041: 2017: 1608: 1604: 1571: 1508: 1227: 862: 857: 804: 741: 530: 514: 496: 478: 440: 403: 351: 147: 132: 7838:: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, 4915:/æː/ occurs in English loans but can be switched with /aː/ or /ja:/. 4665:

In old Kannada at around 10th-14th century, most of the initial /p/

3646:

words came into Kannada, chiefly relating to feudalism and militia.

3634:(hexa-meter), is a sublime adaptation of the first ten books of the 2818:

were found. In a 3rd-century AD Tamil inscription there is usage of

622: 12454: 12277: 12077: 11745: 11670: 11635: 9832: 9741: 6351: 5866:

The quarterly journal of the Mythic society (Bangalore)., Volume 76

5102: 4605: 4150: 4117: 4100: 4006: 3913: 3897: 3838: 3695: 3615: 3503: 3472: 3180: 3016: 2939: 2919: 2416:'s grammar, non-Pāṇinian schools of Sanskrit grammar, particularly 2405: 2183: 725: 591: 93: 5665:

Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.

5228:

Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.

3736:

or Modern Kannada. Most notable among the modernists was the poet

2803:, meaning to throw, viz. an arrow, etc.) in identifiable Kannada. 12494: 12140: 11680: 10019: 9964: 7132:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

5863: 5151: 4279: 4154: 4149:. Each written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds with one 4128: 4001:, forests around Ramplee and Sahangadhee. Along the banks of the 3826: 3737: 3534: 3523: 3499: 3123:

district. The manuscript contains 1478 leaves written using ink.

2943: 2899: 2884: 2650: 2626: 2499:, 'minute'. Some examples of naturalised Sanskrit words ( 2457: 2425: 2409: 2045: 1582: 1538: 1212: 587: 72: 8765:

English to Kannada Dictionary, Kannada to English Dictionary PDF

8400: 5418:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics: Fourth Edition

3924:), Malenadu Kannada (Sakaleshpur, Coorg, Shimoga, Chikmagalur), 3147:

and an abbreviated inscription of king Bhagiratha's name called

2922:) in the south, viz. Nagarouris (Nagur), Tabaso (Tavasi), Inde ( 2613:

List of people associated with the study of Kannada inscriptions

12364: 12160: 12155: 12082: 11630: 11615: 11022: 9782: 9059: 7211: 4058: 3961: 3917: 3830: 3706: 3476: 3468: 3200: 3168: 3108: 3085:

is an example of a Sanskrit inscription in old Kannada script.

2989: 2947: 2340: 2308: 1586: 445: 162: 42: 7915:"Today's Paper / NATIONAL: 100 years on, words never fail him" 4618:. However, it is usually written with a /b/, as in "ಒಂಬತ್ತು", 3317:

Some of the early writers of prose and verse mentioned in the

12681: 12399: 12334: 11685: 10059: 9685: 9632: 7894:. Central Institute of Indian Languages, University of Mysore 7835: 7207: 6256:

A. Smith, Vincent; Williams Jackson, A. V. (1 January 2008).

5758:

Dynamics of New Panchayati Raj System in India: Select states

4628:

The alveolar trill /r/ may be pronounced as an alveolar tap .

3639: 3527: 2759: 2670: 2206: 2143: 420: 11076: 8454:

Kuiper, Kathleen, ed. (2011). "Dravidian Studies: Kannada".

8253: 8241: 8229: 7434:"The place of Kannada and Tamil in India's national culture" 5868:. Mythic Society (Bangalore, India). pp. Pages_197–210. 3530:, who expressed Jain religious teachings through his works. 2834:

inscription of first century AD as also the inscriptions at

2799:(dated to 250 BC) has been suggested to contain words ( 9766: 8604:

Steever, S. B. (1998). "Kannada". In Steever, S. B. (ed.).

5640:"IBNLive – CIIL to head Centre for classical Kannada study" 5416:

R Zydenbos in Cushman S, Cavanagh C, Ramazani J, Rouzer P,

2404:

Kannada has it been influenced to a considerable degree by

2155: 2149: 1004: 4157:

in languages like English—the Kannada script is syllabic.

4137:). The character set is almost identical to that of other 2629:

village, in old-Kannada, is usually dated to 450 AD (

590:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

12790: 7656: 7214:

from the tip of his top knot" (Rice E.P., 1921, pp.25–28)

6990:

Harihariah Oruganti-Vice-President; Madras Coin Society.

6968: 6466:

Epigraphia Carnatica Inscription In Kolar District Vol.10

3592:) Kannada words and the derived form of Sanskrit words – 2649:

Old-Kannada inscription of c. 726 AD, discovered in

2569: 2557: 2344: 2167: 450: 152: 6655:. Central Institute for Indian Languages. Archived from 6554:

Epigraphia Carnatica: Inscriptions in the Kolar District

6301:"THE VIḶIVĀYAKURAS AND SIVALAKURA OF THE KOLHAPUR COINS" 6255: 6078:. Central Institute for Indian Languages. Archived from 5925:. Central Institute for Indian Languages. Archived from 3506:

principles. Two of the early writers of this period are

9569:(no surviving native speakers and no spoken descendant) 6853: 6851: 6052: 5347: 5167:

List of languages by number of native speakers in India

3892:

reports "about 20 dialects" of Kannada. Among them are

3614:

During the period between the 15th and 18th centuries,

3375:(the adorable), was the author of a logic, grammar and 2992:

characters with characteristics attributed to those of

6235:. Cambridge University Press, 2014. pp. 112–113. 5821: 5440:

Seshan, Radhika; Kumbhojkar, Shraddha (27 June 2018).

3403:

Kannada works from earlier centuries mentioned in the

3271:

The oldest known existing record of Kannada poetry in

2514: 2455: 8571:

Shapiro and Schiffman, Michael C., Harold F. (1981).

8570: 8556:. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. 8165:"Region between Godavari, Cauvery was once Karnataka" 7759: 6438:"When ancient copper plates came to Kannada's rescue" 5897:

History of the Kannada Language (Readership Lectures)

5843:

History of the Kannada Language (Readership Lectures)

3841:, the highest number awarded to any Indian language. 2170: 2164: 2146: 2140: 8644:

Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India

6848: 6557:. Mysore Government Central Press. pp. 111–113. 6397:"Halmidi village finally on the road to recognition" 6305:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

5084: 3073:

written in Kannada range from 25,000 by the scholar

2152: 8434: 7912: 7578: 6839: 6819:"A WARRIOR-RULER STELE FROM SRI KSETRA, PYU, BURMA" 6625:. Chennai, India. 20 September 2008. Archived from 6394: 6005:

Origin of Saivism and Its History in the Tamil Land

5947: 4965:The most influential account of Kannada grammar is 3869:. He also wrote a Kannada–English dictionary and a 3432:, is said to have belonged to the 7th century; the 2653:, from the rule of King Shivamara I or Sripurusha ( 2213:in India and has been included among the country's 2161: 2137: 7885: 7531:History of Kannada Literature: Readership Lectures 6748: 6717:The Body Adorned: Sacred and Profane in Indian Art 6617:"Mysore scholar deciphers Chandragiri inscription" 6387: 5893: 5879:B. K. Khadabadi; Prākr̥ta Bhāratī Akādamī (1997). 5839: 5320: 3873:(ಕ್ಲಿಷ್ಟಪಾದಕೋಶ), a dictionary of difficult words. 3837:. Works of Kannada literature have received eight 3704:Dasa literature) which made rich contributions to 3217:List of important milestones in Kannada literature 3069:Current estimates of the total number of existing 8537:. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. 8479:. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. 8420:. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. 8311:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 13–14 8272:Studies in Indian History, Epigraphy, and Culture 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 6962: 5798: 5796: 5667:"C-16: Population by mother tongue, India – 2011" 5319: 5230:"C-16: Population by mother tongue, India – 2011" 3240:Kannada literature in the Western Chalukya Empire 2883:, a Roman historian, wrote about pirates between 12801: 8435:Kloss and McConnell, Heinz and Grant D. (1978). 8374:Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World: A-Aj, Volume 1 7934:"Language in India: Kannada, threatened at home" 7931: 7824: 7361: 7359: 7174:R. Narasimhacharya (1934), pp. 2, 4–5, 12–18, 29 7134:. Cambridge University Press: 254–256, 245–262. 6917:"5th century copper coin discovered at Banavasi" 6857: 5941: 5439: 5354:Reeve, William (1858). Sanderson, Daniel (ed.). 4669:into a /h/ e.g. OlKn. pattu, MdKn. hattu "ten". 3048:inscription discovered on the Chandragiri hill, 2311:to facilitate research related to the language. 10474: 8493: 8472: 7983:Naik, Vinayak K.; Naik, Yogesh (6 April 2007). 7600:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 15, 44. 7527: 7458: 7407: 7312: 7285: 6233:The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India 5727: 3993:Golars and Holars as a pastoral tribe from the 2855: 8535:Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government-vol 1 8372:Garg, Ganga Ram (1992). "Kannada literature". 7557: 7078: 7053: 6826:Journal of The Siam Society – Siamese Heritage 6189: 5883:. Prakrit Bharati Academy. pp. 444 pages. 5793: 5642:. ibnlive.in.com. 23 July 2011. Archived from 3155:in Kannada script was discovered in Banavasi, 2545: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 11382: 11006: 10774: 10627: 10460: 10273: 9592: 8785: 8575:. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 8458:. New York: Britannica educational Printing. 7892:Language in India, Volume 5: 9 September 2005 7356: 7344:Chidananda Murthy in Kamath (1980), p. 50, 67 7272: 7105: 5055: 4132: 4121: 3569:- ಕಬ್ಬಿಗರ ಕಾವ (Poet's Defender), also called 3221:List of notable epics in the Kannada language 2739:) at Ishwara temple of Arasikere town in the 2563: 2551: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2081: 62: 8816: 8595:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8259: 8247: 8235: 8204: 8051:"Tribes of Uttara Kannada-The Halakki Tribe" 7663:. Basel Mission Book & Tract Depository. 7425: 6939:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6908: 6751:"Badami: Chalukyans' magical transformation" 6137: 5783:"Table 1. Detailed Languages Spoken at Home" 5754: 5700: 5420:, p. 767, Princeton University Press, 2012, 5279:. University of Chicago Press. p. 102. 5273:"Currency of Selected Languages and Scripts" 5267: 4115:(neither vowel nor consonant – two letters: 3588:work in pure Kannada using only indigenous ( 2665:Old-Kannada inscription of the 9th century ( 2526:'arising from that') in Kannada are 10788: 9483: 7825:Učida, Norihiko; Rajapurohit, B. B (2013). 7760:Special Correspondent (20 September 2011). 6697:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol. 2 6331: 6190:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1 January 1974). 5550:Zvelebil (1973), p. 7 (Introductory, chart) 5473:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 334. 5062: 4657:/ ೞ (ḻ), the retroflex central approximant. 11389: 11375: 11013: 10999: 10781: 10767: 10641: 10634: 10620: 10467: 10453: 10287: 10280: 10266: 9599: 9585: 8792: 8778: 8719: 8003:"GOA ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE 20TH CENTURY" 7623: 7381:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo 7373: 7371: 7268:. Oxford University Press. pp. 22–26. 7257: 7255: 7241: 6230: 6031:History of grammatical theories in Kannada 6008:. Asian Educational Services. p. 11. 5864:Mythic Society (Bangalore, India) (1985). 5680: 5443:Re-searching Transitions in Indian History 3788:The History of Little Henry and his Bearer 3396:referred to in the Kavirajamarga, and the 2782:case may be. He can be quoted as follows: 2393:from 450 to 1200 AD, Middle Kannada ( 2314: 2279:The Kannada language is written using the 2088: 2074: 559: 71: 8673:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8518:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. 8376:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. 7291: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7084: 6162: 6072:"Classical Kannada, Antiquity of Kannada" 5919:"Classical Kannada, Antiquity of Kannada" 5706: 5688:"Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language" 5544: 5466: 3752:printing of "Canarese" appears to be the 3618:had a great influence on Middle Kannada ( 3606:Kannada literature in Vijayanagara empire 3557:(formal or written form of language) and 3259:temple at Lakshmeshwar where the notable 2735:Old-Kannada inscription of 1220 AD ( 2719:Old-Kannada inscription ascribed to King 2597:Shravanabelagola inscription of Nandisena 8832: 8641: 8625:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature-vol 2 8456:Understanding India-The Culture of India 8121: 8104: 7982: 7957: 7512: 7431: 7326: 7324: 7121: 7119: 7117: 6523: 6340:Journal of the American Oriental Society 6262:. Cosimo, Inc., 2008. pp. 193–196. 5913: 5911: 5553: 4997:in the first half of the 12th century). 4164: 4111:(consonants – thirty-four letters); and 3964:are a nomadic herdsmen tribe present in 3498:. The works of this period are based on 3490:(a form of blank verse) and meters like 3483:was the pure well of Kannada undefiled. 3475:. The Kannada spoken between the rivers 3355:(old Kannada poets) who wrote the great 3251: 3004:Old Kannada) script can be found in the 2765: 2750:Kannada inscription dated 1509, of King 2745: 2730: 2714: 2699: 2676: 2660: 2644: 2636: 2616: 2397:) from 1200 to 1700 and Modern Kannada ( 12810:Languages attested from the 5th century 11020: 8799: 8622: 8603: 8322:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 8265: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8130:. Government of India. pp. 362–406 7879: 7828:Kannada-English etymological dictionary 7691: 7667: 7528:Narasimhacharya, Ramanujapuram (1988). 7368: 7294:"History of the Kannada Literature – I" 7252: 6749:Azmathulla Shariff (14 February 2018). 6689: 6524:Vagarnal, Avinasha (28 December 2021). 6395:Muralidhara Khajane (3 November 2003). 6337: 6022: 5872: 5859: 5857: 5827: 5728:Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (2003). 5372: 5157:List of Kannada-language radio stations 4934:The canonical word order of Kannada is 3456:by Sri Vijaya, a court poet of emperor 3088:Kannada inscriptions are discovered in 3077:to over 30,000 by Amaresh Datta of the 649:Political history of medieval Karnataka 584:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 12802: 9606: 8687: 8668: 8551: 8504: 8453: 8415: 8390: 7913:Muralidhara Khajane (22 August 2012). 7712: 7614: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7189: 7044: 7010: 6983: 6956: 6742: 6597: 6579: 6380: 6378: 6143: 6064: 5493: 5410: 3135:coins bearing the Kannada inscription 2195:spoken predominantly by the people of 11370: 10994: 10762: 10615: 10448: 10261: 9580: 8773: 8744:Open Access publication in PDF format 7721: 7685: 7676: 7641: 7497: 7479: 7377: 7321: 7182: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7128:"Early History of Kannaḍa Literature" 7114: 7087:"History of the Kannada Literature-I" 6947: 6895: 6733: 6709: 6641: 6366: 6094: 6037: 6028: 5908: 5526:Central Institute of Indian Languages 5494:Masica, Colin P. (9 September 1993). 5435: 5433: 5380:"The Karnataka Official Language Act" 5353: 5198: 5196: 3912:(spoken by Gowda community mainly in 3772:in 1820. The first novel printed was 3622:- ನಡುಗನ್ನಡ) language and literature. 3322:these writers, we can refer the work 2693:over the Chola dynasty in the famous 2305:Central Institute of Indian Languages 2283:, which evolved from the 5th-century 2182: 101: 92: 12855:Languages written in Brahmic scripts 12688: 8720:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1987) . 8532: 8513: 8371: 8350: 8193: 8151:"The Kannada History of Maharashtra" 8048: 8019:from the original on 9 October 2022. 7867:from the original on 21 October 2021 7657:J. Bucher; Ferdinand Kittel (1899). 7632: 7593: 7534:. Asian Educational Services, 1988. 7488: 7465:. Asian Educational Services, 1942. 7261: 7206:from the tip of his tongue, just as 7125: 6835:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6773: 6588: 6550: 6506: 6479: 6462: 6144:Angadi, Jagadish (30 October 2020). 6133:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6058: 5854: 5341:participating institution membership 4103:letters, divided into three groups: 9065:Arabi Malayalam (Mappila Malayalam) 8032:"Halakki Farmers of Uttara Kannada" 7958:Buchanan, Francis Hamilton (1807). 7932:Johnson Language (20 August 2012). 7840:Tokyo University of Foreign Studies 7698:. Abinav publications. p. 67. 7333: 7330:Rice, B.L. (1897), pp. 496–497 7126:Rice, Benjamin Lewis (April 1890). 7023: 6882: 6858:Mukerjee, Shruba (21 August 2005). 6816: 6723:, 2013, Columbia University Press, 6715:Sheldon Pollock in Dehejia, Vidya; 6480:Rice, B. Lewis (10 February 2018). 6421: 6375: 6298: 6193:Some Early Dynasties of South India 6043: 6001: 5731:The Territories and States of India 5709:"Kannadigas TN's 3rd biggest group" 5626:"Jnanpith Awards Winners Full List" 5360:. Bangalore: Wesleyan Mission Press 3782:, along with other texts including 3610:Literature of the Kingdom of Mysore 3522:(six-lined stanza) meter. A famous 3411:(650 AD) by Syamakundacharya, 3034:and the Siragunda inscription from 2770:Kannada inscription dated 1654, at 664:Historical sites of North Karnataka 24: 8690:The Penguin History of Early India 8662: 8573:Language And Society in South Asia 8148: 8067: 7746:Missions in south India – Page 56 7298:Kamat's Potpourri, 4 November 2006 7177: 7155: 7152:Rao in Datta (1994), pp. 2278–2283 7091:Kamat's Potpourri, 4 November 2006 6845:Gururaj Bhat in Kamath (2001), p97 6699:, p. 1717, 1988, Sahitya Akademi, 6513:. Mysore Government Central Press. 6114: 5602:. 5 September 2017. Archived from 5430: 5401: 5357:A Dictionary, Canarese and English 5193: 2291:flourished during the 9th-century 1443:Vijayanagara literature in Kannada 25: 12871: 8750: 8509:. New Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan. 8287:A Grammar of the Kannada Language 8274:– By Govind Swamirao Gai, pp. 315 8205:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003). 8029: 7232:Nagaraj in Sheldon (2003), p. 333 6965:"Indian coins-Dynasties of South" 6860:"Preserving voices from the past" 6393:A report on Halmidi inscription, 5707:Nagarajan, Rema (16 April 2008). 5470:Karnataka Government and Politics 5000: 4859: 4851: 4834: 4826: 4814: 4806: 4791: 4783: 4771: 4763: 4652: 4643: 4584: 4563: 4555: 4547: 4539: 4524: 4514: 4506: 4498: 4479: 4471: 4463: 4455: 4447: 4428: 4420: 4412: 4404: 4396: 4377: 4369: 4361: 4353: 4345: 4326: 4318: 4310: 4302: 4294: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4241: 4233: 4084: 3717: 3599: 2706:Kalleshwara Temple, Hire Hadagali 2469:'same as that'') include 1976:Karnataka Public Works Department 27:Dravidian language of South India 12782: 12765: 12748: 12731: 12714: 12697: 11397: 11075: 8552:Sastri, Nilakanta K.A. (2002) . 8314: 8301: 8292: 8175: 8157: 8149:S., Kiran Kumar (17 July 2015). 8142: 8115: 8098: 8080: 8061: 8042: 8023: 7995: 7976: 7951: 7925: 7906: 7818: 7792: 7753: 7740: 7730: 7650: 7587: 7551: 7521: 7506: 7422:Benjamin Lewis Rice (1985), p xv 7416: 7398: 7347: 7265:A History of Kanarese Literature 7242:Hukkerikar, Ramarao. S. (1955). 6925:. Chennai, India. Archived from 6405:. Chennai, India. Archived from 6115:B., Dr. Suresha (October 2018). 5813: 5755:Palanithurai, Ganapathy (2002). 5277:A Historical Atlas of South Asia 5213: 5101: 5087: 2556:, 'colour' derived from 2133: 621: 8343: 8068:K., Bhumika (29 October 2014). 8049:Uday, Savita (18 August 2010). 7800:"Welcome to: Bhartiya Jnanpith" 7597:A History of Kannada Literature 7235: 7226: 7217: 7146: 7069: 6828:. Journal of The Siam Society. 6810: 6796: 6782: 6671: 6609: 6585:R. Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 6 6561: 6544: 6517: 6500: 6473: 6456: 6430: 6292: 6276: 6249: 6224: 6210: 6183: 6156: 6108: 5995: 5887: 5833: 5775: 5748: 5734:. Routledge. pp. 224–226. 5721: 5658: 5632: 5618: 5592: 5562: 5514: 5487: 5460: 3844: 2758:), at the Virupaksha temple in 2609:Doddahundi nishidhi inscription 2582: 11451:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate 8646:. Leiden, Netherlands: BRILL. 8391:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2002) . 8351:Bhat, Thirumaleshwara (1993). 7802:. jnanpith.net. Archived from 7673:Sastri (1955), pp 364–365 7404:Sahitya Akademi (1987), p. 248 7318:Narasimhacharya (1988), pp 4–5 6372:K. V. Ramesh (1984), p. 10, 55 5761:. Concept Publishing Company. 5500:. Cambridge University Press. 5313: 5306:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 5293: 5261: 5243: 5221: 5034: 3225: 2368: 2215:designated classical languages 2054:Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha 2026:Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath 1837:State protected monuments list 13: 1: 12532:List of people from Karnataka 10247:Scheduled languages in states 8476:History of Kannada Literature 8105:Sherring, Matthew A. (1879). 6992:"Vijayanagar Coins-Catalogue" 6551:Rice, Benjamin Lewis (1905). 6507:Rice, Benjamin Lewis (1886). 6463:Rice, Lewis Benjamin (1912). 6163:Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). 5187: 4176: 4107:(vowels – thirteen letters); 4099:The language uses forty-nine 3628:Karṇāṭa Bhārata Kathāman̄jari 3526:writer of the same period is 3363:, itself in turn refers to a 3206: 3060: 3009: 2959: 2918:in the north and Banaouasei ( 12628:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award 8692:. New Delhi: Penguin Books. 8494:Narasimhacharya, R. (1934). 8473:Narasimhacharya, R. (1988). 8395:. Bangalore: Jupiter books. 8189:. Government of Maharashtra. 8124:"Linguistic Survey of India" 8122:Grierson, George A. (1906). 8111:. Thacker. pp. 113–114. 7485:Sastri (1955), pp 361–2 7459:Narasimhacharya, R. (1999). 6653:Centre for classical Kannada 6076:Centre for classical Kannada 5948:Iravatham Mahadevan (2003). 5923:Centre for classical Kannada 5162:List of Karnataka literature 4648:/ ಱ (ṟ), the alveolar trill. 4160: 3802:and "a Canarese hymn book." 2979: 2912:One with the body of a tiger 2401:) from 1700 to the present. 1792:National interest monuments: 1717:List of Karnataka cricketers 1519:Haridasas and Carnatic music 1407:Mysore literature in Kannada 7: 12860:Official languages of India 12830:Languages of Andhra Pradesh 12815:Classical Language in India 11297:Cannanore Portuguese creole 11280:Other languages and creoles 10924:Other languages and creoles 8740:A Manual of Modern Kannada. 8497:History of Kannada Language 7558:Hari Saravanan, V. (2014). 7494:Narasimhacharya (1988), p20 7462:History of Kannada Language 7262:Rice, Edward Peter (1915). 5894:R. Narasimhacharya (1934). 5840:R. Narasimhacharya (1934). 5080: 5025: 4882:are phonetically central . 3876: 3334:which preferred to use the 3248:Medieval Kannada literature 3059:King Kongunivarma Madhava ( 2568:, 'full moon' from 2515: 2456: 2038:Gubbi Veeranna Rangamandira 1205:Buddhism in North Karnataka 10: 12876: 8669:Masica, Colin P. (1991) . 8213:Cambridge University Press 7989:hindu-kshatriya-komarpanth 7517:. Prabhat Prakashan, 1988. 7186:Warder (1988), pp. 240–241 6231:Warmington, E. H. (1928). 6218:"Muziris Heritage Project" 6029:Kulli, Jayavant S (1991). 5524:. Official website of the 5467:Ramaswamy, Harish (2007). 5050: 5042: 4985:) of the 9th century, and 4927: 4923: 4088: 3880: 3721: 3603: 3514:form of composition while 3279:record of 7th century AD. 3229: 3210: 2669:) at Durga Devi temple in 2586: 2577: 2187:), formerly also known as 1863:Chola temples in Bangalore 1456:Extinct Kannada literature 1323:Kannada inscription people 40: 29: 12641: 12588: 12540: 12513: 12325: 12312:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 12199: 12096: 12028: 11971: 11923: 11875: 11817: 11804: 11606: 11518: 11428: 11413: 11351: 11325: 11279: 11084: 11073: 11029: 10975: 10944: 10923: 10828: 10797: 10743: 10717: 10676: 10650: 10596: 10570: 10509: 10483: 10429: 10403: 10337: 10296: 10222: 10073: 9938: 9925: 9775: 9646: 9625: 9614: 9560: 9533: 9516: 9474: 9444: 9423: 9416: 9372: 9322: 9315: 9277: 9270: 9240: 9197: 9045: 8970: 8961: 8933: 8912: 8893: 8823: 8807: 8742:Heidelberg: XAsia Books ( 8722:History of Indian Theatre 8289:. F. Kittel (1993), p. 3. 8187:Nasik District Gazetteers 8183:"The People – Population" 8070:"Beauty in all its glory" 7384:. Sahitya Akademi, 1987. 6002:K R, Subramanian (2002). 5389:. Government of Karnataka 5328:Oxford English Dictionary 5056: 4848: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4699: 4576: 4533: 4490: 4278: 4227: 4183: 4133: 4122: 3724:Modern Kannada literature 2601:Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar 2564: 2552: 2546: 2534: 2528: 2504: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2445: 2297:unbroken literary history 2118: 2110: 2102: 2058:Karnataka Rakshana Vedike 1897:Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar 1484:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 1148:Mavalli Tiffin Room (MTR) 570: 558: 544: 528: 512: 494: 476: 471: 459: 411: 394:Official language in 392: 387: 362: 254: 233: 198: 180: 170: 119: 109: 85: 70: 63: 61: 56: 12307:Kannada Sahitya Parishat 11761:Unification of Karnataka 11302:Cochin Portuguese creole 8738:Robert Zydenbos (2020): 8724:. Abhinav Publications. 8688:Thapar, Romila (2003) . 8671:The Indo-Aryan Languages 8642:Zvelebil, Kamil (1973). 8298:Ferdinand Kittel, pp. 30 7985:"HISTORY OF KOMARPANTHS" 7886:Manjulakshi & Bhat. 7692:Moorthy, Vijaya (2001). 7594:Rice, Edward P. (1982). 7436:. INTAMM. Archived from 6683:The antiquity of Kannada 6594:Rice E. P. (1921), p. 13 6299:Pai, M. Govinda (1942). 6044:Jha, Ganganatha (1976). 5497:The Indo-Aryan Languages 5446:. Taylor & Francis. 5063:Romanisation (ISO 15919) 3867:Kannada Sahitya Parishat 3712:Father of Carnatic music 3236:Western Ganga literature 3126: 3019:language, is in the Pre- 2762:describes his coronation 2383:South Dravidian language 2361:has many Kannada words. 2006:Kannada Sahitya Parishat 917:Tulu Nadu state movement 654:Unification of Karnataka 189:: 44 million (2011) 41:Not to be confused with 32:Kannada (disambiguation) 12845:Languages of Tamil Nadu 12527:Karnataka ethnic groups 12465:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III 11343:Languages of South Asia 10967:Languages of South Asia 10735:Languages of South Asia 10588:Languages of South Asia 10421:Languages of South Asia 8606:The Dravidian Languages 8500:. University of Mysore. 8208:The Dravidian Languages 7378:Datta, Amaresh (1987). 7365:Kamath (2001), p50, p67 6963:Govindaraya Prabhu, S. 6953:Kamath (2001), p12, p57 6285:Mysore State, 1956–1966 6196:. Motilal Banarsidass. 6146:"Kannada in Alexandria" 5574:www.karnatakavision.com 5333:Oxford University Press 5269:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. 5255:Government of Karnataka 5005:Compound bases, called 4991:Karnatakabhashabhushana 4604:Most consonants can be 3796:Christian Gottlob Barth 3573:(Harvest of Beauty) or 3349:Amoghavarsha Nripatunga 3157:Uttara Kannada district 2856: 2725:Western Chalukya Empire 2570: 2558: 2315:Geographic distribution 2254:Western Chalukya Empire 2010:Bangalore Gayana Samaja 466:Government of Karnataka 36:Kanada (disambiguation) 12850:Languages of Telangana 12835:Languages of Karnataka 10962:Languages of Sri Lanka 10872:Betta Kurumba language 7564:. Notion Press, 2014. 7513:Nagendra, Dr. (1988). 6606:in Bhat (1993), p. 102 5070: 4173: 3419:). Other sources date 3324:Karnataka Kavi Charite 3268: 3232:Rashtrakuta literature 2956:Vasishtiputra Pulumayi 2789: 2775: 2763: 2743: 2728: 2712: 2697: 2674: 2658: 2642: 2634: 2540: 2493:, 'face', and 2327:(1,140,000 speakers), 2022:Chowdiah Memorial Hall 1771:Kodava Hockey Festival 922:Belgaum border dispute 572:This article contains 77:The word "Kannada" in 11796:Western Ganga dynasty 9653:Constitution of India 9551:Proto-South Dravidian 8505:Ramesh, K.V. (1984). 7762:"Jnanpith for Kambar" 7546:andayya pure kannada. 6721:The body as Leitmotif 6649:"HALMIDI INSCRIPTION" 6166:Early Tamil Epigraphy 5177:Timeline of Karnataka 4171: 3417:Tatwartha-mahashastra 3255: 3161:Western Ganga Dynasty 2898:The Greek geographer 2822:. Here the honorific 2784: 2774:with exquisite relief 2769: 2749: 2734: 2718: 2703: 2680: 2664: 2655:Western Ganga Dynasty 2648: 2640: 2620: 2238:Western Ganga dynasty 1767:Kodava hockey players 1705:Governing body (KSCA) 1471:Tigalari- Tulu script 1466:Telugu-Kannada script 689:Western Ganga dynasty 274:Halakki Achchagannada 12618:Rajyotsava Prashasti 12485:K. S. Narasimhaswamy 11030:Non-tribal languages 8533:Rice, B.L. (2001) . 8514:Rice, E.P. (1982) . 8439:. Université Laval. 7353:Mugali (1975), p. 13 7050:Kamath (2001), p. 67 6806:. pp. 62, n.16. 6629:on 22 September 2008 6427:Kamath (2001), p. 10 5902:University of Mysore 5848:University of Mysore 5407:Kuiper (2011), p. 74 5147:Kannada in computing 4942:language with three 4612:Aspirated consonants 4153:, as opposed to one 3792:Mary Martha Sherwood 3649:Hindu saints of the 3454:Chandraprabha-purana 3428:, a eulogy for King 3203:are also available. 2532:, 'colour', 2432:The work of scholar 2385:and a descendant of 2357:spoken by people of 2034:Ravindra Kalakshetra 614:Culture of Karnataka 30:For other uses, see 12840:Languages of Kerala 12820:Dravidian languages 12505:G. S. Shivarudrappa 12475:Gopalakrishna Adiga 12126:Chitrakala Parishat 12053:Dams and reservoirs 11925:Kalaburagi division 11766:Vijayanagara Empire 11741:Rashtrakuta dynasty 11656:Chitradurga Nayakas 11442:Emblem of Karnataka 11333:Dravidian languages 10952:Dravidian languages 10867:Kanikkaran language 10725:Dravidian languages 10578:Dravidian languages 10411:Dravidian languages 10075:100,000 – 1 million 8801:Dravidian languages 8627:. Sahitya Akademi. 8507:Chalukyas of Vatapi 8357:. Sahitya Akademi. 8307:Bhat, D.N.S. 2004. 8260:Krishnamurti (2003) 8248:Krishnamurti (2003) 8236:Krishnamurti (2003) 7727:Sastri (1955), p365 7695:Romance of the Raga 7620:Sastri (1955), p364 7515:"Indian Literature" 7503:Sastri (1955), p361 7300:. Kamat's Potpourri 7223:Garg (1987), vol. 4 7111:Sastri (1955), p356 7093:. Kamat's Potpourri 7066:Sastri (1955), p355 6971:on 1 September 2006 6469:. pp. 111–114. 6409:on 24 November 2003 5606:on 22 December 2020 5580:on 11 February 2021 5331:(Online ed.). 5257:. 1963. p. 33. 4692:"ear" as and ಗಿಳಿ 3426:Karnateshwara Katha 3285:by King Nripatunga 3267:in Kannada language 3257:Shankha Jain Basadi 3006:Halmidi inscription 2756:Vijayanagara Empire 2667:Rashtrakuta Dynasty 2623:Halmidi inscription 2589:Halmidi inscription 2481:, 'anger', 2434:Iravatham Mahadevan 2274:Vijayanagara Empire 1875:Badami cave temples 1502:and performing arts 1319:Doddahundi nishidhi 1071:Kannada epic poetry 714:Musicological nonet 681:Rashtrakuta dynasty 629:Emblem of Karnataka 413:Recognised minority 194:: 15 million (2011) 12415:Nijaguna Shivayogi 11819:Bangalore division 11338:Languages of India 11317:Suriyani Malayalam 10957:Languages of India 10730:Languages of India 10583:Languages of India 10416:Languages of India 10227:Linguistic history 9608:Languages of India 9080:Suriyani Malayalam 8516:Kannada Literature 8416:Kittel, F (1993). 8171:. 5 November 2014. 7962:. London: Cadell. 7806:on 13 October 2007 7784:has generic name ( 7245:Karnataka Darshana 7075:Kamath (2001), p90 6998:on 25 October 2005 6905:(1938), p 382 6870:on 22 October 2006 6817:Guy, John (1996). 6779:Kamath (2001), p83 6739:Kamath (2001), p58 6061:, p. 102,103. 5714:The Times of India 5693:The Times of India 5646:on 11 January 2012 5559:Garg (1992), p. 67 5532:on 10 January 2011 5309:. Merriam-Webster. 4993:(both authored by 4962:from 850 AD. 4949:Shabdhamanidarpana 4886:may be as open as 4174: 3939:Halakki Vokkaligas 3904:(spoken mainly by 3863:G. Venkatasubbaiah 3779:Pilgrim's Progress 3764:in 1817, and the " 3746:Saddharma Vijayavu 3691:Rāmadhānya Charite 3580:(Cupid's Conquest) 3269: 3244:Hoysala literature 3213:Kannada literature 3185:Vijayanagar Empire 3021:Old Kannada script 3013: 450 AD 2926:), Tiripangalida ( 2776: 2764: 2744: 2729: 2713: 2698: 2695:battle of Takkolam 2683:Atakur inscription 2675: 2659: 2643: 2635: 2605:Atakur inscription 2293:Rashtrakuta Empire 2193:Dravidian language 2184:[ˈkɐnːɐɖa] 2050:Prabhat Kalavidaru 1713:Women cricket team 1709:Men's cricket team 1224:In North Karnataka 1173:Kannada Rajyotsava 1081:Buddhist mythology 734:Battle of Talikota 352:Nanjangudu Kannada 94:[ˈkɐnːɐɖa] 12679: 12678: 12623:Jakanachari Award 12460:Shishunala Sharif 12171:Togalu gombeyaata 12024: 12023: 11877:Belagavi division 11721:Kingdom of Mysore 11701:Kalyani Chalukyas 11510:Southern birdwing 11364: 11363: 10988: 10987: 10931:Thanjavur Marathi 10756: 10755: 10609: 10608: 10442: 10441: 10255: 10254: 10218: 10217: 9921: 9920: 9574: 9573: 9567:extinct languages 9529: 9528: 9501:Kumarbhag Paharia 9470: 9469: 9412: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9266: 9265: 9193: 9192: 9189: 9188: 8880: 8879: 8731:978-81-7017-221-5 8699:978-0-14-302989-2 8680:978-0-521-29944-2 8653:978-90-04-03591-1 8634:978-81-260-1194-0 8615:978-0-415-10023-6 8582:978-81-208-2607-6 8563:978-0-19-560686-7 8544:978-81-206-0977-8 8525:978-81-206-0063-8 8486:978-81-206-0303-5 8465:978-1-61530-203-1 8446:978-2-7637-7186-1 8427:978-81-206-0056-0 8383:978-81-7022-374-0 8364:978-81-7201-540-4 8222:978-0-521-77111-5 8128:dsal.uchicago.edu 8036:Kamat's Potpourri 7849:978-4-86337-128-6 7705:978-81-7017-382-3 6792:. pp. 202–4. 6761:on 7 October 2006 6729:978-0-231-14028-7 6493:978-0-656-23957-3 6444:. 30 October 2021 5811:(25th ed., 2022) 5480:978-81-8069-397-7 5453:978-0-429-94630-1 5426:978-0-691-15491-6 5339:(Subscription or 5211:(27th ed., 2024) 5117:Bangalore Kannada 4972:Shabdamanidarpana 4872: 4871: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4684:"ear"); however, 4601: 4600: 4444: 4392: 4341: 4291: 4169: 3784:Canarese Proverbs 3766:Bible in Canarese 3738:Nandalike Muddana 3575:Madana-Vijaya and 3191:of Banavasi, the 3173:Western Chalukyas 2950:) and Petirgala ( 2793:Ashoka rock edict 2525: 2513: 2487:, 'sun', 2475:, 'day', 2468: 2454: 2295:. Kannada has an 2266:Nayakas of Keladi 2262:Kingdom of Mysore 2126: 2125: 2098: 2097: 1623:Togalu Gombeyaata 1050:Mangalore Kannada 1042:Bangalore Kannada 793:Kodavas captivity 730:Battle of Raichur 631: 598: 597: 580:rendering support 576:phonetic symbols. 461:Regulated by 16:(Redirected from 12867: 12825:Kannada language 12795: 12787: 12786: 12785: 12778: 12770: 12769: 12768: 12761: 12753: 12752: 12751: 12744: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12727: 12719: 12718: 12717: 12710: 12702: 12701: 12700: 12690: 12633:Kempegowda Award 12613:Basava Puraskara 12608:Nrupatunga Award 12480:V. Seetharamaiah 12301: 12294: 12287: 12280: 12273: 12266: 12259: 12252: 12250:Western Chalukya 12245: 12238: 12231: 12224: 12217: 12191:Mysore musicians 12121:Channapatna toys 12038:Cities and towns 11991:Dakshina Kannada 11815: 11814: 11781:Veera Ballala II 11716:Kittur Chennamma 11676:Kingdom of Coorg 11651:Chalukya dynasty 11401: 11391: 11384: 11377: 11368: 11367: 11162:Attapady Kurumba 11085:Tribal languages 11079: 11015: 11008: 11001: 10992: 10991: 10829:Tribal languages 10783: 10776: 10769: 10760: 10759: 10677:Tribal languages 10636: 10629: 10622: 10613: 10612: 10510:Tribal languages 10469: 10462: 10455: 10446: 10445: 10338:Tribal languages 10282: 10275: 10268: 10259: 10258: 9936: 9935: 9776:State-level only 9623: 9622: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9578: 9577: 9481: 9480: 9421: 9420: 9320: 9319: 9275: 9274: 8968: 8967: 8951:Attapady Kurumba 8852:Maundadan Chetti 8830: 8829: 8821: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8794: 8787: 8780: 8771: 8770: 8761: 8735: 8707:George M. Moraes 8703: 8684: 8657: 8638: 8623:Various (1988). 8619: 8600: 8594: 8586: 8567: 8548: 8529: 8510: 8501: 8490: 8469: 8450: 8431: 8412: 8387: 8368: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8328:. 6 October 2015 8318: 8312: 8305: 8299: 8296: 8290: 8284: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8202: 8191: 8190: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8102: 8096: 8095: 8094:. DSAL, Chicago. 8084: 8078: 8077: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8007: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7955: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7910: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7866: 7833: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7783: 7779: 7777: 7769: 7757: 7751: 7744: 7738: 7734: 7728: 7725: 7719: 7718:Iyer (2006), p93 7716: 7710: 7709: 7689: 7683: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7665: 7664: 7654: 7648: 7645: 7639: 7636: 7630: 7627: 7621: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7591: 7585: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7510: 7504: 7501: 7495: 7492: 7486: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7456: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7440:on 15 April 2007 7429: 7423: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7375: 7366: 7363: 7354: 7351: 7345: 7342: 7331: 7328: 7319: 7316: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7289: 7283: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7259: 7250: 7249: 7239: 7233: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7215: 7200: 7187: 7184: 7175: 7172: 7153: 7150: 7144: 7143: 7123: 7112: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7082: 7076: 7073: 7067: 7064: 7051: 7048: 7042: 7027: 7021: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7003: 6994:. Archived from 6987: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6945: 6944: 6938: 6930: 6912: 6906: 6899: 6893: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6866:. Archived from 6855: 6846: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6823: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6786: 6780: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6757:. Archived from 6746: 6740: 6737: 6731: 6713: 6707: 6695:Datta, Amaresh; 6693: 6687: 6686: 6685:. 10 March 2013. 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6595: 6592: 6586: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6548: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6391: 6385: 6382: 6373: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6311:(1/4): 319–329. 6296: 6290: 6289: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6121: 6112: 6106: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6082:on 25 April 2010 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6026: 6020: 6019: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5986: 5982: 5980: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5929:on 25 April 2010 5915: 5906: 5905: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5861: 5852: 5851: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5800: 5791: 5790: 5785:. Archived from 5779: 5773: 5772: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5696:. 14 March 2010. 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5576:. Archived from 5566: 5560: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5528:. Archived from 5518: 5512: 5511: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5437: 5428: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5384: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5336: 5324: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5200: 5137:Kannada dialects 5111: 5109:Languages portal 5106: 5105: 5097: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5077: 5059: 5058: 4905: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4863: 4855: 4838: 4830: 4818: 4810: 4795: 4787: 4775: 4767: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4704: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4656: 4647: 4588: 4567: 4559: 4551: 4543: 4528: 4518: 4510: 4502: 4483: 4475: 4467: 4459: 4451: 4440: 4432: 4424: 4416: 4408: 4400: 4390: 4381: 4373: 4365: 4357: 4349: 4339: 4330: 4322: 4314: 4306: 4298: 4289: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4245: 4237: 4181: 4180: 4170: 4139:Indian languages 4136: 4135: 4125: 4124: 3960:. The Golars or 3930:Gulbarga Kannada 3922:Dakshina Kannada 3906:Havyaka Brahmins 3883:Kannada dialects 3857:Ferdinand Kittel 3754:Canarese Grammar 3632:Bhamini Shatpadi 3626:, who wrote the 3518:popularised the 3353:puratana-kavigal 3312:Shravanabelagola 3308:Shivakotiacharya 3306:(ವಡ್ಡಾರಾಧನೆ) by 3302:prose work, the 3121:Dakshina Kannada 3065: 3062: 3050:Shravanabelagola 3014: 3011: 3008:, usually dated 2964: 2961: 2932:Huvina Hipparagi 2859: 2836:tirupparamkunram 2710:Bellary district 2573: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2449: 2447: 2301:Jnanapith awards 2246:Chalukya dynasty 2211:scheduled status 2186: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2100: 2099: 2090: 2083: 2076: 1879:Western Chalukya 1855:Vijayanagara era 1850:List of temples: 1801:Bangalore circle 1435:Western Chalukya 1311:Shravanabelagola 1277:Western Chalukya 1133:Coastal/Malenadu 797:Kingdom of Coorg 677:Chalukya dynasty 627: 625: 616: 600: 599: 563: 554: 540: 524: 517: 508: 507: 499: 490: 489: 481: 415:language in 368: 204: 105: 100: 96: 91: 75: 66: 65: 54: 53: 21: 18:Kannada-language 12875: 12874: 12870: 12869: 12868: 12866: 12865: 12864: 12800: 12799: 12798: 12791:Kannada edition 12788: 12783: 12781: 12777:from Wikivoyage 12771: 12766: 12764: 12754: 12749: 12747: 12737: 12732: 12730: 12720: 12715: 12713: 12709:from Wiktionary 12703: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12689:sister projects 12686:at Knowledge's 12680: 12675: 12637: 12598:Karnataka Ratna 12584: 12536: 12509: 12445:Jagannatha Dasa 12360:Devar Dasimayya 12321: 12297: 12290: 12283: 12276: 12269: 12262: 12255: 12248: 12241: 12234: 12227: 12220: 12213: 12195: 12092: 12020: 11973:Mysore division 11967: 11919: 11871: 11867:Chikkaballapura 11832:Bangalore Rural 11827:Bangalore Urban 11800: 11791:Vikramaditya VI 11786:Vikramaditya II 11711:Shivappa Nayaka 11696:Kadamba dynasty 11602: 11514: 11424: 11409: 11395: 11365: 11360: 11347: 11321: 11312:Judeo-Malayalam 11275: 11080: 11071: 11037:Arabi Malayalam 11025: 11019: 10989: 10984: 10971: 10940: 10919: 10824: 10793: 10787: 10757: 10752: 10739: 10713: 10672: 10668:Hyderabadi Urdu 10646: 10640: 10610: 10605: 10592: 10566: 10505: 10479: 10473: 10443: 10438: 10425: 10399: 10333: 10292: 10286: 10256: 10251: 10237:Multilingualism 10214: 10076: 10069: 9941: 9930: 9928: 9917: 9771: 9651: 9642: 9617: 9610: 9605: 9575: 9570: 9556: 9544:Proto-Dravidian 9535:Proto-languages 9525: 9512: 9466: 9440: 9404: 9368: 9311: 9262: 9236: 9185: 9075:Judeo-Malayalam 9041: 8963: 8957: 8929: 8908: 8889: 8876: 8825: 8803: 8798: 8756: 8753: 8732: 8700: 8681: 8665: 8663:Further reading 8660: 8654: 8635: 8616: 8588: 8587: 8583: 8564: 8545: 8526: 8487: 8466: 8447: 8428: 8384: 8365: 8346: 8341: 8331: 8329: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8306: 8302: 8297: 8293: 8285: 8278: 8270: 8266: 8258: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8234: 8230: 8223: 8203: 8194: 8181: 8180: 8176: 8163: 8162: 8158: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8120: 8116: 8103: 8099: 8092:The Record News 8086: 8085: 8081: 8066: 8062: 8047: 8043: 8028: 8024: 8016: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7956: 7952: 7942: 7940: 7930: 7926: 7911: 7907: 7897: 7895: 7884: 7880: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7850: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7809: 7807: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7781: 7780: 7771: 7770: 7758: 7754: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7731: 7726: 7722: 7717: 7713: 7706: 7690: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7668: 7655: 7651: 7646: 7642: 7637: 7633: 7628: 7624: 7619: 7615: 7608: 7592: 7588: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7556: 7552: 7542: 7526: 7522: 7511: 7507: 7502: 7498: 7493: 7489: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7457: 7453: 7443: 7441: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7399: 7392: 7376: 7369: 7364: 7357: 7352: 7348: 7343: 7334: 7329: 7322: 7317: 7313: 7303: 7301: 7292:Jyotsna Kamat. 7290: 7286: 7277: 7273: 7260: 7253: 7240: 7236: 7231: 7227: 7222: 7218: 7201: 7190: 7185: 7178: 7173: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7124: 7115: 7110: 7106: 7096: 7094: 7085:Jyotsna Kamat. 7083: 7079: 7074: 7070: 7065: 7054: 7049: 7045: 7033:and other with 7028: 7024: 7015: 7011: 7001: 6999: 6988: 6984: 6974: 6972: 6961: 6957: 6952: 6948: 6932: 6931: 6929:on 26 May 2007. 6913: 6909: 6900: 6896: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6856: 6849: 6844: 6840: 6832: 6821: 6815: 6811: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6778: 6774: 6764: 6762: 6747: 6743: 6738: 6734: 6719:, p.5, chapter: 6714: 6710: 6694: 6690: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6615: 6614: 6610: 6602: 6598: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6580: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6549: 6545: 6535: 6533: 6530:Vijay Karnataka 6522: 6518: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6486:. 1kg Limited. 6478: 6474: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6422: 6412: 6410: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6376: 6371: 6367: 6336: 6332: 6297: 6293: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6270: 6254: 6250: 6243: 6229: 6225: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6204: 6188: 6184: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6142: 6138: 6130: 6119: 6113: 6109: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6057: 6053: 6042: 6038: 6027: 6023: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5984: 5983: 5974: 5973: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5946: 5942: 5932: 5930: 5917: 5916: 5909: 5892: 5888: 5877: 5873: 5862: 5855: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5801: 5794: 5789:on 4 June 2011. 5781: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5726: 5722: 5705: 5701: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5628:. 27 July 2016. 5624: 5623: 5619: 5609: 5607: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5533: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5465: 5461: 5454: 5438: 5431: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5318: 5314: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5266: 5262: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5226: 5222: 5212: 5201: 5194: 5190: 5127:Hermann Mögling 5122:Gokak agitation 5107: 5100: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5073: 5065: 5053: 5045: 5037: 5028: 5003: 4981:(a treatise on 4932: 4930:Kannada grammar 4926: 4702: 4283: 4210: 4195: 4179: 4165: 4163: 4113:yogavaahakagalu 4097: 4095:Kannada braille 4089:Main articles: 4087: 4037:of Tamil Nadu, 3885: 3879: 3847: 3839:Jnanpith awards 3730: 3722:Main articles: 3720: 3687:Jagannatha Dasa 3612: 3604:Main articles: 3602: 3535:Vachana Sahitya 3398:Kaviparameswara 3296:Kannada grammar 3277:Kappe Arabhatta 3250: 3230:Main articles: 3228: 3223: 3211:Main articles: 3209: 3189:Kadamba Dynasty 3133:Kadamba Dynasty 3129: 3079:Sahitya Akademi 3075:Sheldon Pollock 3063: 3012: 2982: 2970:Roman-era Egypt 2962: 2946:), Modogoulla ( 2942:), Kalligeris ( 2938:), Sirimalaga ( 2934:), Soubouttou ( 2930:), Hippokoura ( 2889:Netravati River 2881:Pliny the Elder 2820:oppanappa vIran 2752:Krishnadevaraya 2741:Hassan district 2721:Vikramaditya VI 2687:Mandya district 2631:Kadamba Dynasty 2615: 2593:Kappe Arabhatta 2587:Main articles: 2585: 2580: 2371: 2317: 2270:Hoysala dynasty 2242:Nolamba dynasty 2234:Kadamba dynasty 2179: 2160: 2136: 2132: 2094: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2003: 1995: 1985: 1970: 1956: 1949: 1948: 1939: 1938: 1924: 1923: 1912: 1911: 1892:Mahakuta Pillar 1886: 1883:North Karnataka 1852: 1844: 1794: 1787: 1786: 1777: 1776: 1764: 1756: 1750: 1742: 1736: 1728: 1702: 1695: 1694: 1683: 1682: 1653: 1652: 1641: 1640: 1630: 1620: 1612: 1598: 1590: 1553: 1542: 1536: 1514:Art and culture 1504: 1503: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1481: 1473: 1450: 1423:Vachana sahitya 1400: 1392: 1385: 1384: 1373: 1372: 1360: 1352: 1334: 1326: 1300: 1292: 1273:Badami Chalukya 1258: 1251: 1250: 1241: 1240: 1231: 1217: 1207: 1195: 1194: 1183: 1182: 1170: 1163: 1162: 1153: 1152: 1113:South Karnataka 1108:North Karnataka 1098: 1097: 1086: 1085: 1076:Vedic mythology 1066: 1065: 1054: 1053: 1039: 1021: 1012: 969: 951: 944: 943: 932: 931: 927:Gokak agitation 911: 893: 885: 863:Vokkaliga/Gowda 823: 822: 811: 810: 786: 775: 746: 737: 703: 694: 673:Kadamba dynasty 644: 643: 632: 612: 578:Without proper 566: 550: 536: 520: 513: 503: 502: 495: 485: 484: 477: 455: 416: 414: 395: 388:Official status 380:Kannada Braille 369: 364: 358: 335: 334: 329: 310: 309: 304: 263: 262: 250: 236: 229: 205: 202:Language family 200: 190: 183: 182:Native speakers 98: 89: 81: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12873: 12863: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12797: 12796: 12779: 12762: 12760:from Wikibooks 12745: 12743:from Wikiquote 12728: 12711: 12682: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12647: 12645: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12594: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12565:National parks 12562: 12557: 12552: 12546: 12544: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12534: 12529: 12523: 12521: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12507: 12502: 12500:D. V. Gundappa 12497: 12492: 12490:M. Govinda Pai 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12425:Purandara Dasa 12422: 12420:Ratnakaravarni 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12331: 12329: 12323: 12322: 12320: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12303: 12302: 12295: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12267: 12260: 12253: 12246: 12239: 12232: 12225: 12218: 12205: 12203: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12151:Karnatik music 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12102: 12100: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12034: 12032: 12026: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12019: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11981:Chamarajanagar 11977: 11975: 11969: 11968: 11966: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11929: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11917: 11915:Uttara Kannada 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11881: 11879: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11823: 11821: 11812: 11802: 11801: 11799: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11776:Vishnuvardhana 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11706:Keladi Nayakas 11703: 11698: 11693: 11691:Hoysala Empire 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11612: 11610: 11604: 11603: 11601: 11600: 11595: 11593:Transportation 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11524: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11512: 11506: 11500: 11491: 11482: 11473: 11464: 11462:Asian elephant 11454: 11453: 11444: 11434: 11432: 11426: 11425: 11414: 11411: 11410: 11394: 11393: 11386: 11379: 11371: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11358: 11352: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11329: 11327: 11326:Related topics 11323: 11322: 11320: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11283: 11281: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11273: 11268: 11266:Wayanad Chetti 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11202: 11201: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11180: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11088: 11086: 11082: 11081: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11033: 11031: 11027: 11026: 11018: 11017: 11010: 11003: 10995: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10982: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10948: 10946: 10945:Related topics 10942: 10941: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10927: 10925: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10904: 10901: 10898: 10895: 10892: 10889: 10886: 10883: 10880: 10877: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10856: 10853: 10848: 10845: 10842: 10839: 10836: 10832: 10830: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10801: 10799: 10798:Main languages 10795: 10794: 10786: 10785: 10778: 10771: 10763: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10750: 10744: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10721: 10719: 10718:Related topics 10715: 10714: 10712: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10680: 10678: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10654: 10652: 10651:Main languages 10648: 10647: 10639: 10638: 10631: 10624: 10616: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10603: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10574: 10572: 10571:Related topics 10568: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10487: 10485: 10484:Main languages 10481: 10480: 10477:Andhra Pradesh 10472: 10471: 10464: 10457: 10449: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10430: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10407: 10405: 10404:Related topics 10401: 10400: 10398: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10341: 10339: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10300: 10298: 10297:Main languages 10294: 10293: 10285: 10284: 10277: 10270: 10262: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10081: 10079: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9946: 9944: 9940:Over 1 million 9933: 9923: 9922: 9919: 9918: 9916: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9779: 9777: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9657: 9655: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9640: 9635: 9629: 9627: 9620: 9612: 9611: 9604: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9581: 9572: 9571: 9561: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9554: 9547: 9539: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9523: 9517: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9510: 9509: 9508: 9506:Sauria Paharia 9503: 9493: 9487: 9485: 9478: 9472: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9427: 9425: 9418: 9414: 9413: 9410: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9376: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9328: 9326: 9317: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9272: 9268: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9244: 9242: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9234: 9229: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9212: 9207: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9183: 9181:Wayanad Chetti 9178: 9173: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9051: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8988: 8987: 8976: 8974: 8965: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8943: 8937: 8935: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8916: 8914: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8895: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8887: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8838: 8836: 8827: 8818: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8797: 8796: 8789: 8782: 8774: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8752: 8751:External links 8749: 8748: 8747: 8736: 8730: 8717: 8704: 8698: 8685: 8679: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8652: 8639: 8633: 8620: 8614: 8601: 8581: 8568: 8562: 8549: 8543: 8530: 8524: 8511: 8502: 8491: 8485: 8470: 8464: 8451: 8445: 8432: 8426: 8413: 8388: 8382: 8369: 8363: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8313: 8300: 8291: 8276: 8264: 8262:, p. 106. 8252: 8250:, p. 128. 8240: 8238:, p. 120. 8228: 8221: 8192: 8174: 8156: 8141: 8114: 8097: 8079: 8060: 8041: 8022: 7994: 7975: 7968: 7950: 7924: 7905: 7878: 7848: 7817: 7791: 7752: 7748:Joseph Mullens 7739: 7729: 7720: 7711: 7704: 7684: 7675: 7666: 7649: 7640: 7631: 7622: 7613: 7606: 7586: 7577: 7570: 7550: 7540: 7520: 7505: 7496: 7487: 7478: 7471: 7451: 7432:K. Appadurai. 7424: 7415: 7406: 7397: 7390: 7367: 7355: 7346: 7332: 7320: 7311: 7284: 7271: 7251: 7234: 7225: 7216: 7188: 7176: 7154: 7145: 7113: 7104: 7077: 7068: 7052: 7043: 7022: 7009: 6982: 6955: 6946: 6907: 6894: 6881: 6847: 6838: 6809: 6795: 6781: 6772: 6741: 6732: 6708: 6688: 6670: 6640: 6608: 6596: 6587: 6578: 6560: 6543: 6516: 6499: 6492: 6472: 6455: 6429: 6420: 6386: 6374: 6365: 6352:10.2307/603404 6346:(4): 731–736. 6330: 6291: 6275: 6268: 6248: 6241: 6223: 6209: 6202: 6182: 6175: 6155: 6136: 6107: 6093: 6063: 6051: 6036: 6021: 6014: 5994: 5960: 5940: 5907: 5886: 5871: 5853: 5832: 5830:, p. 129. 5820: 5792: 5774: 5767: 5747: 5740: 5720: 5699: 5679: 5657: 5631: 5617: 5591: 5561: 5552: 5543: 5513: 5506: 5486: 5479: 5459: 5452: 5429: 5409: 5400: 5371: 5346: 5312: 5292: 5286:978-0195068696 5285: 5260: 5242: 5220: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5172:Siribhoovalaya 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5132:Kannada cinema 5129: 5124: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5098: 5082: 5079: 5072: 5069: 5064: 5061: 5052: 5049: 5044: 5041: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5002: 5001:Compound bases 4999: 4928:Main article: 4925: 4922: 4917: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4857: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4832: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4812: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4696:"parrot" as . 4659: 4658: 4649: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4609: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4561: 4553: 4545: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4522: 4520: 4512: 4504: 4496: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4477: 4469: 4461: 4453: 4445: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4426: 4418: 4410: 4402: 4394: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4375: 4367: 4359: 4351: 4343: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4324: 4316: 4308: 4300: 4292: 4287: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4247: 4239: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4204: 4199: 4189: 4184: 4178: 4175: 4172:Spoken Kannada 4162: 4159: 4091:Kannada script 4086: 4085:Writing system 4083: 4078:Nasik district 4047:Andhra Pradesh 3990:Madhya Pradesh 3881:Main article: 3878: 3875: 3871:kliṣtapadakōśa 3846: 3843: 3728:Kannada poetry 3719: 3718:Modern Kannada 3716: 3675:Vadirajatirtha 3663:Naraharitirtha 3601: 3600:Middle Kannada 3598: 3571:Sobagina Suggi 3567:Kabbigara Kava 3458:Amoghavarsha I 3319:Kavirajamarga, 3227: 3224: 3208: 3205: 3197:Mysore Kingdom 3193:Keladi Nayakas 3128: 3125: 3090:Andhra Pradesh 3043:Gunabhushitana 3036:Chikkamagaluru 2981: 2978: 2974:Charition mime 2737:Hoysala Empire 2685:(AD 949) from 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2373:Kannada, like 2370: 2367: 2333:Andhra Pradesh 2316: 2313: 2285:Kadamba script 2281:Kannada script 2230:Deccan Plateau 2124: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2078: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2014:Ranga Shankara 1997: 1996: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1967:Vidhana Soudha 1950: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1871:Mahakuta group 1846: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1758: 1757: 1744: 1743: 1739:Bangalore Open 1730: 1729: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1614: 1613: 1592: 1591: 1544: 1543: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1463: 1461:Kadamba script 1458: 1452: 1451: 1415:Modern Kannada 1394: 1393: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1354: 1353: 1328: 1327: 1294: 1293: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1103:Common cuisine 1099: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1046:Bangalori Urdu 1014: 1013: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 971: 970: 945: 939: 938: 937: 934: 933: 930: 929: 924: 919: 913: 912: 887: 886: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 824: 818: 817: 816: 813: 812: 809: 808: 777: 776: 692: 691: 685:Hoysala Empire 666: 661: 656: 651: 645: 639: 638: 637: 634: 633: 626: 618: 617: 609: 608: 596: 595: 582:, you may see 568: 567: 564: 556: 555: 548: 542: 541: 534: 526: 525: 518: 510: 509: 500: 492: 491: 482: 474: 473: 472:Language codes 469: 468: 463: 457: 456: 454: 453: 448: 443: 438: 436:Andhra Pradesh 433: 428: 419: 417: 412: 409: 408: 407: 406: 396: 393: 390: 389: 385: 384: 383: 382: 377: 375:Kannada script 370: 366:Writing system 363: 360: 359: 357: 356: 355: 354: 349: 346: 343: 332: 331: 330: 328: 327: 326: 325: 322: 319: 316: 307: 306: 305: 303: 302: 301: 300: 295: 292: 289: 284: 279: 276: 271: 260: 259: 258: 256: 252: 251: 249: 248: 241:Proto-Dravidan 239: 237: 234: 231: 230: 228: 227: 226: 225: 224: 223: 208: 206: 199: 196: 195: 184: 181: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 166: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 143:Andhra Pradesh 140: 135: 121: 117: 116: 111: 110:Native to 107: 106: 87: 83: 82: 79:Kannada script 76: 68: 67: 59: 58: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12872: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12805: 12793: 12792: 12780: 12776: 12775: 12763: 12759: 12758: 12746: 12742: 12741: 12729: 12725: 12724: 12712: 12708: 12707: 12695: 12694: 12691: 12685: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12640: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12591: 12587: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12570:Hindu temples 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12539: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12524: 12522: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12375:Allama Prabhu 12373: 12371: 12370:Akka Mahadevi 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12345:Adikavi Pampa 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12324: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12300: 12296: 12293: 12289: 12286: 12282: 12279: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12265: 12261: 12258: 12254: 12251: 12247: 12244: 12243:Western Ganga 12240: 12237: 12233: 12230: 12226: 12223: 12219: 12216: 12212: 12211: 12210: 12207: 12206: 12204: 12202: 12198: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12176:Udupi cuisine 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12166:Mysore Dasara 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12131:Gaarudi Gombe 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12106:Bharatanatyam 12104: 12103: 12101: 12099: 12095: 12089: 12088:Western Ghats 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12068:Highest point 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11978: 11976: 11974: 11970: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11926: 11922: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11878: 11874: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11822: 11820: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11803: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11751:Srirangapatna 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11736:Pulakeshin II 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11621:Alupa dynasty 11619: 11617: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11609: 11605: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11517: 11511: 11507: 11505: 11504:Carnatic carp 11501: 11499: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11471:Indian roller 11468: 11465: 11463: 11459: 11456: 11455: 11452: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11439: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11431: 11430:State symbols 11427: 11423: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11392: 11387: 11385: 11380: 11378: 11373: 11372: 11369: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11350: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11324: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11284: 11282: 11278: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11200: 11197: 11196: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11178: 11177:Mullu Kurumba 11175: 11173: 11172:Jennu Kurumba 11170: 11168: 11167:Betta Kurumba 11165: 11163: 11160: 11159: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11083: 11078: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11021:Languages of 11016: 11011: 11009: 11004: 11002: 10997: 10996: 10993: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10974: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10943: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10915:Kota language 10913: 10911: 10910:Toda language 10908: 10905: 10902: 10899: 10896: 10893: 10891:Mullu Kurumba 10890: 10888:Jennu Kurumba 10887: 10884: 10881: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10846: 10843: 10840: 10837: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10789:Languages of 10784: 10779: 10777: 10772: 10770: 10765: 10764: 10761: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10742: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10716: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10675: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10642:Languages of 10637: 10632: 10630: 10625: 10623: 10618: 10617: 10614: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10595: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10475:Languages of 10470: 10465: 10463: 10458: 10456: 10451: 10450: 10447: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10428: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10402: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10380:Betta Kurumba 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10370:Jennu Kurumba 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10295: 10291: 10288:Languages of 10283: 10278: 10276: 10271: 10269: 10264: 10263: 10260: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10221: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10072: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9924: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9793:Chhattisgarhi 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9774: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9654: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9613: 9609: 9602: 9597: 9595: 9590: 9588: 9583: 9582: 9579: 9568: 9564: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9532: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9473: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9422: 9419: 9415: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9359: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9276: 9273: 9271:South-Central 9269: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9239: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9217: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9171: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9144:Mullu Kurumba 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9044: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8969: 8966: 8960: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8911: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8892: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8873: 8872:Jennu Kurumba 8870: 8868: 8867:Betta Kurumba 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8828: 8822: 8819: 8817:Tamil–Kannada 8815: 8812: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8795: 8790: 8788: 8783: 8781: 8776: 8775: 8772: 8766: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8754: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8723: 8718: 8716: 8715:81-206-0595-0 8712: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8686: 8682: 8676: 8672: 8667: 8666: 8655: 8649: 8645: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8626: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8607: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8584: 8578: 8574: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8555: 8550: 8546: 8540: 8536: 8531: 8527: 8521: 8517: 8512: 8508: 8503: 8499: 8498: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8478: 8477: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8457: 8452: 8448: 8442: 8438: 8433: 8429: 8423: 8419: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8375: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8356: 8355: 8349: 8348: 8327: 8323: 8317: 8310: 8304: 8295: 8288: 8283: 8281: 8273: 8268: 8261: 8256: 8249: 8244: 8237: 8232: 8224: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8188: 8184: 8178: 8170: 8169:Deccan Herald 8166: 8160: 8152: 8145: 8129: 8125: 8118: 8110: 8109: 8101: 8093: 8089: 8083: 8075: 8071: 8064: 8056: 8055:Buda Folklore 8052: 8045: 8037: 8033: 8030:Kamat, K. L. 8026: 8015: 8011: 8004: 7998: 7990: 7986: 7979: 7971: 7969:9781402146756 7965: 7961: 7954: 7939: 7938:The Economist 7935: 7928: 7920: 7916: 7909: 7893: 7889: 7882: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7830: 7829: 7821: 7805: 7801: 7795: 7787: 7782:|author= 7775: 7767: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7743: 7733: 7724: 7715: 7707: 7701: 7697: 7696: 7688: 7679: 7670: 7662: 7661: 7653: 7644: 7635: 7626: 7617: 7609: 7607:9788120600638 7603: 7599: 7598: 7590: 7581: 7573: 7571:9789384391492 7567: 7563: 7562: 7554: 7547: 7543: 7541:9788120603035 7537: 7533: 7532: 7524: 7516: 7509: 7500: 7491: 7482: 7474: 7472:9788120605596 7468: 7464: 7463: 7455: 7439: 7435: 7428: 7419: 7410: 7401: 7393: 7391:9788126018031 7387: 7383: 7382: 7374: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7350: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7327: 7325: 7315: 7299: 7295: 7288: 7281: 7275: 7267: 7266: 7258: 7256: 7247: 7246: 7238: 7229: 7220: 7213: 7210:produced the 7209: 7205: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7183: 7181: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7149: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7108: 7092: 7088: 7081: 7072: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7047: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7026: 7019: 7013: 6997: 6993: 6986: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6950: 6942: 6936: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6898: 6891: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6864:Sunday Herald 6861: 6854: 6852: 6842: 6831: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6805: 6799: 6791: 6785: 6776: 6760: 6756: 6755:Deccan Herald 6752: 6745: 6736: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6705:81-260-1194-7 6702: 6698: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6674: 6659:on 6 May 2013 6658: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6612: 6605: 6600: 6591: 6582: 6574: 6573:Deccan Herald 6570: 6564: 6556: 6555: 6547: 6531: 6527: 6520: 6512: 6511: 6503: 6495: 6489: 6485: 6484: 6476: 6468: 6467: 6459: 6443: 6442:Deccan Herald 6439: 6433: 6424: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6390: 6381: 6379: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6334: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6295: 6287: 6286: 6279: 6271: 6269:9781605204925 6265: 6261: 6260: 6252: 6244: 6242:9781107432147 6238: 6234: 6227: 6219: 6213: 6205: 6203:9788120829411 6199: 6195: 6194: 6186: 6178: 6176:9780674012271 6172: 6168: 6167: 6159: 6151: 6150:Deccan Herald 6147: 6140: 6129: 6126:. p. 3. 6125: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6097: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6067: 6060: 6055: 6047: 6040: 6032: 6025: 6017: 6015:9788120601444 6011: 6007: 6006: 5998: 5990: 5978: 5963: 5961:9780674012271 5957: 5953: 5952: 5944: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5903: 5899: 5898: 5890: 5882: 5875: 5867: 5860: 5858: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5797: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5770: 5768:9788180691294 5764: 5760: 5759: 5751: 5743: 5741:9781135356255 5737: 5733: 5732: 5724: 5716: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5683: 5668: 5661: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5627: 5621: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5556: 5547: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5522:"Rastrakutas" 5517: 5509: 5507:9780521299442 5503: 5499: 5498: 5490: 5482: 5476: 5472: 5471: 5463: 5455: 5449: 5445: 5444: 5436: 5434: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5404: 5388: 5381: 5375: 5359: 5358: 5350: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5323: 5316: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5288: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5231: 5224: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5197: 5192: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5099: 5096: 5085: 5078: 5068: 5060: 5048: 5040: 5032: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4987:Kavyavalokana 4984: 4980: 4979: 4978:Kavirajamarga 4974: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4959:Kavirajamarga 4955: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4921: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4903: 4895: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4724: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4697: 4687: 4670: 4668: 4663: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4342: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4131: 4130: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3984:districts of 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3858: 3853: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3800:Bible Stories 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3659:Purandaradasa 3656: 3653:sect such as 3652: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3548:Akka Mahadevi 3545: 3544:Allama Prabhu 3541: 3536: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3405:Kavirajamarga 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3385:Kiratarjuniya 3383:of Bharavi's 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3369:Kavirajamarga 3366: 3362: 3361:Kavirajamarga 3358: 3354: 3351:compares the 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3282:Kavirajamarga 3278: 3275:metre is the 3274: 3266: 3262: 3261:Adikavi Pampa 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3163:, the Badami 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3058: 3057:Western Ganga 3053: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2994:proto-Kannada 2991: 2988:) containing 2987: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2887:and Nitrias ( 2886: 2882: 2878: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2768: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2639: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2575: 2572: 2560: 2542: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2502: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2452: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2424:schools, and 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2387:Tamil-Kannada 2384: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343:(78,100) and 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2258:Seuna dynasty 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2232:, namely the 2231: 2227: 2226:Central India 2223: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2175: 2130: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1992:Janapada Loka 1989: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1947:Organisations 1943: 1942: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1859:Hindu temples 1856: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1842:List of forts 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1781: 1780: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1627:Gaarudi Gombe 1624: 1619: 1618:Puppet shows: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1524:Vasanta Habba 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1447:Western Ganga 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1298:Inscriptions: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1256:Architecture: 1254: 1253: 1245: 1244: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 972: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 947: 946: 942: 936: 935: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 914: 909: 905: 901: 897: 892: 889: 888: 884: 883:Ethnic groups 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 853:Kota Brahmins 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 821: 815: 814: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 778: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 748: 747: 745: 743: 738: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718:Medieval city 715: 711: 707: 702: 700: 695: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 669:Alupa dynasty 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 646: 642: 636: 635: 630: 624: 620: 619: 615: 611: 610: 606: 602: 601: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 575: 569: 562: 557: 553: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 533: 532: 527: 523: 519: 516: 511: 506: 501: 498: 493: 488: 483: 480: 475: 470: 467: 464: 462: 458: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 423: 422: 418: 410: 405: 402: 401: 400: 397: 391: 386: 381: 378: 376: 373: 372: 371: 367: 361: 353: 350: 347: 344: 342: 339: 338: 337: 336: 333:South-Western 323: 320: 317: 314: 313: 312: 311: 299: 298:Nador Kannada 296: 293: 291:Sirsi Kannada 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 265: 264: 257: 253: 247: 244: 243: 242: 238: 232: 222: 219: 218: 217:Tamil–Kannada 216: 215: 213: 212: 211: 207: 203: 197: 193: 188: 185: 179: 176: 173: 169: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 129: 128:Western India 125: 122: 118: 115: 112: 108: 104: 99:also English: 95: 88: 86:Pronunciation 84: 80: 74: 69: 60: 55: 52: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 12794:of Knowledge 12789: 12772: 12755: 12738: 12726:from Commons 12721: 12704: 12683: 12575:Jain temples 12470:D. R. Bendre 12405:Kumara Vyasa 12264:Vijayanagara 12145: 12073:Bayalu Seeme 11958:Vijayanagara 11771:Vijayanagara 11726:Mayurasharma 11661:Deva Raya II 11626:Amoghavarsha 11528:Architecture 11419: 11199:Mala Malasar 11184:Malapandaram 11041: 10814: 10662: 10500: 10303: 9690: 9648:8th schedule 9562: 9549: 9542: 9484:Kurukh-Malto 9445:Parji–Gadaba 9424:Kolami-Naiki 9356: 9248:Cholanaikkan 9220:Korra Koraga 9168: 9131: 9127:Malankuravan 9047:Malayalamoid 9012:Malapandaram 9002:Mala Malasar 8841: 8739: 8721: 8689: 8670: 8643: 8624: 8605: 8572: 8553: 8534: 8515: 8506: 8496: 8475: 8455: 8436: 8417: 8392: 8373: 8353: 8344:Bibliography 8330:. Retrieved 8325: 8316: 8308: 8303: 8294: 8286: 8271: 8267: 8255: 8243: 8231: 8207: 8186: 8177: 8168: 8159: 8144: 8132:. Retrieved 8127: 8117: 8107: 8100: 8091: 8082: 8073: 8063: 8054: 8044: 8035: 8025: 8009: 7997: 7988: 7978: 7959: 7953: 7941:. Retrieved 7937: 7927: 7918: 7908: 7896:. Retrieved 7891: 7881: 7869:. Retrieved 7827: 7820: 7808:. Retrieved 7804:the original 7794: 7765: 7755: 7742: 7732: 7723: 7714: 7694: 7687: 7678: 7669: 7659: 7652: 7643: 7634: 7625: 7616: 7596: 7589: 7580: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7530: 7523: 7508: 7499: 7490: 7481: 7461: 7454: 7442:. Retrieved 7438:the original 7427: 7418: 7409: 7400: 7380: 7349: 7314: 7302:. Retrieved 7297: 7287: 7279: 7274: 7264: 7244: 7237: 7228: 7219: 7148: 7131: 7107: 7095:. Retrieved 7090: 7080: 7071: 7046: 7041:(1931), p385 7034: 7030: 7025: 7020:(1931), p384 7012: 7000:. Retrieved 6996:the original 6985: 6973:. Retrieved 6969:the original 6958: 6949: 6927:the original 6920: 6910: 6897: 6892:(1931), p382 6884: 6872:. Retrieved 6868:the original 6863: 6841: 6825: 6812: 6803: 6798: 6789: 6784: 6775: 6763:. Retrieved 6759:the original 6754: 6744: 6735: 6720: 6716: 6711: 6696: 6691: 6682: 6673: 6661:. Retrieved 6657:the original 6652: 6643: 6633:20 September 6631:. Retrieved 6627:the original 6620: 6611: 6599: 6590: 6581: 6572: 6563: 6553: 6546: 6534:. Retrieved 6532:(in Kannada) 6529: 6519: 6509: 6502: 6482: 6475: 6465: 6458: 6446:. Retrieved 6441: 6432: 6423: 6411:. Retrieved 6407:the original 6400: 6389: 6368: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6284: 6278: 6258: 6251: 6232: 6226: 6212: 6192: 6185: 6165: 6158: 6149: 6139: 6123: 6110: 6101: 6096: 6084:. Retrieved 6080:the original 6075: 6066: 6054: 6045: 6039: 6030: 6024: 6004: 5997: 5965:. Retrieved 5950: 5943: 5931:. Retrieved 5927:the original 5922: 5904:. p. 1. 5896: 5889: 5880: 5874: 5865: 5850:. p. 1. 5842: 5835: 5828:Steever 1998 5823: 5806: 5787:the original 5777: 5757: 5750: 5730: 5723: 5712: 5702: 5691: 5682: 5670:. Retrieved 5660: 5648:. Retrieved 5644:the original 5634: 5620: 5608:. Retrieved 5604:the original 5594: 5582:. Retrieved 5578:the original 5573: 5564: 5555: 5546: 5534:. Retrieved 5530:the original 5516: 5496: 5489: 5469: 5462: 5442: 5417: 5412: 5403: 5391:. Retrieved 5386: 5374: 5362:. Retrieved 5356: 5349: 5326: 5315: 5304: 5295: 5276: 5263: 5250: 5245: 5233:. Retrieved 5223: 5206: 5142:Kannada flag 5095:India portal 5074: 5066: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5029: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5004: 4995:Nagavarma II 4990: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4957: 4947: 4933: 4918: 4898:) or higher 4686:phonetically 4685: 4671: 4667:debuccalised 4664: 4660: 4637: 4619: 4615: 4147:(ottakshara) 4146: 4142: 4127: 4116: 4112: 4109:vyanjanagalu 4108: 4104: 4098: 4076: 4063:South Canara 4027:Trichinopoly 4023:South Arcots 3943: 3894:Kundagannada 3886: 3870: 3861: 3848: 3845:Dictionaries 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3799: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3753: 3750:movable type 3745: 3741: 3733: 3731: 3711: 3705: 3701: 3694: 3690: 3648: 3631: 3627: 3624:Kumara Vyasa 3619: 3613: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3578:Kavana-Gella 3577: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3532: 3519: 3511: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3485: 3466: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3438:Shivamara II 3433: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3304:Vaḍḍārādhane 3303: 3287:Amoghavarsha 3280: 3272: 3270: 3177:Rashtrakutas 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3087: 3068: 3054: 3045: 3042: 3026:Followed by 3025: 3001: 2998:Haḷe Kannaḍa 2997: 2985: 2983: 2967: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2879: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2832:sittanavAsal 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2691:Rashtrakutas 2583:Early traces 2439: 2431: 2421: 2417: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2372: 2363: 2352: 2349: 2318: 2278: 2250:Rashtrakutas 2219: 2188: 2128: 2127: 2000: 1982: 1954:Legislative: 1953: 1934:Coat of arms 1849: 1825:North Kanara 1791: 1761: 1747: 1733: 1699: 1636:Tala-Maddale 1617: 1601:Aati kalenja 1595: 1576:Instruments: 1575: 1547: 1530: 1478: 1439:Vijayanagara 1419:Dasa sahitya 1397: 1357: 1331: 1297: 1285:Vijayanagara 1255: 1220:In Karnataka 1211: 1210: 1167: 1036: 1024:Kundagannada 1016: 1015: 953: 948: 908:Bangaloreans 890: 868:Kodagu Gowda 780: 740: 739: 699:Vijayanagara 697: 696: 693: 571: 546:Linguasphere 529: 287:Kundagannada 220: 51: 12706:Definitions 12603:Pampa Award 12440:Gopala Dasa 12435:Vijaya Dasa 12430:Kanaka Dasa 12395:Rudrabhatta 12340:Gunavarma I 12327:Noted poets 12236:Rashtrakuta 11986:Chikmagalur 11862:Ramanagara 11837:Chitradurga 11756:Tipu Sultan 11246:Thachanadan 10900:Thachanadan 10375:Alu Kurumba 9626:Union-level 9225:Mudu Koraga 9198:Tulu-Koraga 9164:Thachanadan 8862:Alu Kurumba 8354:Govinda Pai 7943:12 February 7871:18 November 7444:25 November 7304:25 November 7097:25 November 7031:Saarvadhari 7002:27 November 6975:27 November 6790:Sircar 1965 6765:25 November 6604:Govinda Pai 6413:25 November 5985:|work= 5672:16 November 5650:12 February 5235:16 November 5035:Sample text 4680:, Te. చెవి 4676:, Ta. செவி 4535:Approximant 4145:characters 3986:Maharashtra 3902:Havigannada 3774:John Bunyan 3760:printed at 3734:Hosagannaḍa 3683:Gopala Dasa 3679:Vijaya Dasa 3671:Sripadaraya 3667:Vyasatirtha 3636:Mahabharata 3620:Naḍugannaḍa 3563:Dharmamrita 3430:Pulakesi II 3365:Palagannada 3343:" and the " 3226:Old Kannada 3153:Srimanaragi 3131:Some early 3115:is that of 3113:Old Kannada 3098:Maharashtra 3040:Old Kannada 3032:Chitradurga 2916:Bhima river 2844:neDanUpatti 2681:The famous 2673:, Karnataka 2399:Hosagannaḍa 2395:Naḍugannaḍa 2391:Haḷegannaḍa 2369:Development 2365:estimate). 2359:Lakshadweep 2339:(533,000), 2331:(993,000), 2329:Maharashtra 2289:Old Kannada 2114:Kannaḍigaru 1574:. Artists. 1479:Conference: 1431:Rashtrakuta 1398:Literature: 1236:Lingayatism 1138:Mangalorean 1028:Havigannada 966:Old Kannada 848:Veerashaiva 801:Coorg State 586:instead of 431:Maharashtra 246:Old Kannada 138:Maharashtra 124:South India 12804:Categories 12774:Phrasebook 12740:Quotations 12666:Television 12656:Newspapers 12580:Waterfalls 12390:Raghavanka 12380:Siddharama 12215:Milestones 12201:Literature 12186:Yakshagana 12136:Ilkal sari 11943:Kalaburagi 11842:Davanagere 11731:Pattadakal 11548:Demography 11489:Sandalwood 11122:Kanikkaran 10936:Saurashtra 10791:Tamil Nadu 10562:Mukha-Dora 10242:Endangered 10045:Rajasthani 9929:unofficial 9888:Rajbangshi 9813:Kamatapuri 9718:(Manipuri) 9297:Mukha-Dora 9292:Manna-Dora 9122:Malamuthan 9107:Kanikkaran 8326:www.un.org 8010:ShodhGanga 7810:7 November 5808:Ethnologue 5364:18 January 5343:required.) 5208:Ethnologue 5188:References 5182:Yakshagana 5020:kannusanne 4177:Consonants 4035:Pudukottai 4011:Coimbatore 3934:Komarpants 3920:region of 3910:Are Bhashe 3890:Ethnologue 3815:Navyottara 3770:John Hands 3742:Indira Bai 3655:Kanakadasa 3516:Raghavanka 3481:Malaprabha 3462:Neminatham 3446:Onakevadu, 3263:wrote the 3207:Literature 3102:Tamil Nadu 3083:Pulakesi I 3064: 350 3028:B. L. Rice 2986:śilāśāsana 2952:Pattadakal 2928:Gadhinglaj 2908:Puli Maiyi 2797:Brahmagiri 2422:Sakatayana 2325:Tamil Nadu 2030:Nrityagram 1902:Gol Gumbaz 1748:Badminton: 1673:Television 1663:Newspapers 1549:Yakshagana 1411:Milestones 1382:Literature 1177:Nada habba 1037:In cities: 896:Kannadigas 878:Kunchitiga 873:Tulu Gowda 828:Kannadigas 752:Ahmadnagar 426:Tamil Nadu 318:Kalaburagi 315:Vijayapura 235:Early form 175:Kannadigas 158:Tamil Nadu 103:/ˈkɑːnədə/ 12757:Textbooks 12661:Magazines 12450:Lakshmisa 12410:Chamarasa 12350:Sri Ponna 12317:Karnataka 12181:Veeragase 12116:Bidriware 12111:Buta Kola 12043:Districts 12030:Geography 11810:divisions 11806:Districts 11666:Durvinita 11641:Balligavi 11568:Geography 11563:Folk arts 11558:Education 11520:Overviews 11421:Bengaluru 11407:Karnataka 11206:Malavedan 11152:Kunduvadi 11102:Eravallan 11052:Malayalam 10858:Eravallan 10844:Malavedan 10820:Malayalam 10644:Telangana 10319:Malayalam 10290:Karnataka 10232:Classical 10050:Surjapuri 10010:Khandeshi 9980:Dhundhari 9931:languages 9903:Sikkimese 9711:Malayalam 9618:languages 9565:indicate 9373:Konda-Kui 9358:Nagarchal 9316:Gondi-Kui 9139:Malavedan 9117:Kurichiya 9112:Kunduvadi 9055:Malayalam 8992:Eravallan 8964:Malayalam 8894:Toda-Kota 8834:Kannadoid 8591:cite book 8088:"Kannada" 8074:The Hindu 7919:The Hindu 7858:906810377 7774:cite news 7766:The Hindu 7280:Chudamani 7204:Saraswati 6935:cite news 6922:The Hindu 6804:Luce 1985 6622:The Hindu 6402:The Hindu 6317:0378-1143 6169:. Cre-A. 6100:The word 6086:28 August 6059:Bhat 1993 5987:ignored ( 5977:cite book 5954:. 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