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the vertebras. he then advanced and said, "This is your first visit to Paris", to which we replied in the affirmative. He asked us if we liked Paris to which we replied, very much, indeed. He then said, I am very gratified to see you, you having come from so far a country, he then turned towards the doctor and said, I hope our little quarrel will be settled. to which the Doctor replied. "We put much confidence in the magnanimity and
Justice of France."
553:
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601:. He experienced American racism firsthand when he was almost removed from his train car after being mistaken for a slave. The prince had preceded Dr. Judd and Prince Lot in occupying the compartment reserved for them for a return trip to New York and someone had arrived at the door of the compartment and questioned Alexander's right to be there. The prince wrote in his journal:
2096:
781:. Their meeting with Kamehameha IV was noted by Vice-Ambassador Muragaki Norimasa (村垣範正) as the first presentation of Japanese ambassadors to a foreign king, although Japan and Hawaii had no formal relation at this point. The Japanese delegation were later surprised to learn on their departure that the king paid for all of their expenses while in Honolulu.
750:, his secretary and one of his closest friends, who died two years later. Alexander had heard a rumour that Neilson was having an affair with Queen Emma, and after drinking heavily shot his friend in the chest. Following the shooting, the king apologised to Neilson and provided him with the use of his
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was Prince Albert's godmother (by proxy) at his christening in
Honolulu. Alexander Liholiho thought he was responsible for the death of Prince Albert because he gave him a cold shower to "cool him off" when Albert wanted something he could not have. His ailing health worsened. At the age of four, the
614:
In Geneva (New York), visiting friends, the butler was very averse to serving "blacks" as he called them, and revenged himself by putting bibs at their places. Alexander unfolded his, saw the unusual shape, but as he had seen many strange things on his travels concluded that must be something new, so
547:
piloted us through the immense crowd that was pressing on from all sides, and finally we made our way to the president...Mr. Judd was the first one taken notice of, and both of them made slight bows to each other. Lot and myself then bowed, to which the (Louis
Napoleon) returned with a slight bend of
636:
He assumed the duties of
Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of the Forces of the Hawaiian Islands and began working to reorganize the Hawaiian military and to maintain the dilapidated forts and cannons from the days of Kamehameha I. During this period, he appointed many officers to assist him
485:
claims stemming back twenty years to the expulsion of
Catholic missionaries. Contention surrounded three issues: regulations of Catholic schools, high taxes on French brandy, and the use of French language in transactions with the consul and citizens of France. Although this struggle had gone on for
875:
which limited the King's authority, struck down the healthcare plan. Alexander and Queen Emma responded to the legislature's refusal by lobbying local businessmen, merchants and wealthy residents to fund their healthcare agenda. The fundraising was an overwhelming success and the royal couple built
818:
Liholiho instead wanted a reciprocity treaty, involving trade and taxes, between the United States and Hawaii. He was not successful, as sugar plantation owners in the southern United States lobbied heavily against the treaty, worried that competition from Hawaii would harm their industries. In an
576:
When we entered, the prince was standing a little aside of the door, and bowed to each of us as we came in. He was a fine man, about as tall as I am, and had a very fine bust, and straight legs. We kept standing, Palmerston on my right, and the doctor on my left, and then Lot. the prince began the
605:
I found he was the conductor, and took me for somebody's servant just because I had a darker skin than he had. Confounded fool;. the first time that I have ever received such treatment, not in
England or France or anywhere else........In England an African can pay his fare and sit alongside Queen
814:
At the time of
Alexander's assumption to the throne, the American population in the Hawaiian islands continued to grow and exert economic and political pressure in the Kingdom. Sugar producers, in particular, pushed for annexation by the United States in order to have free trade with the United
619:
These displays of prejudice in the United States and the puritanical views of
American missionaries probably influenced his slightly anti-American point of view, along with that of the rest of the royal family. Judd later wrote about him: "educated by the Mission, most of all things dislikes the
761:
Wyllie sponsored a fancy dress ball in 1860. Even the
Catholic bishop came, dressed as a bishop. Kamehameha IV's father Kekūanaōʻa came in Scottish highland dress, music was provided by German musicians, and the food by a French chef. Emma came as the earth goddess
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States. Alexander worried that the United States of
America would make a move to conquer his nation; an annexation treaty was proposed in Kamehameha III's reign. He strongly felt that annexation would mean the end of the monarchy and the Hawaiian people.
560:
Failing to negotiate a treaty with France during three months in Paris, the princes and Judd returned to England. They met Prince Albert, Lord Palmerston, and numerous other members of British aristocracy. They had an audience with Prince Albert since
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had gone on the same mission in 1842 and returned with only a weak joint declaration. It was hoped the treaty would secure the islands against future attacks such as the one it had just suffered at the hands of Admiral de Tromelin. Advisors to
665:
Kamehameha III died on December 15, 1854. On January 11, 1855 Alexander took the oath as King Kamehameha IV, succeeding his uncle when he was only 20 years old. His first act as king was to halt the negotiations his father had begun regarding
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of Kamehameha III in 1852. He had the opportunity to gain administrative experience that he would one day employ as King. During his term he also studied foreign languages and became accustomed to traditional European social norms.
657:, the secretary of war and navy and the minister of foreign affairs, who supported creating a Hawaiian army to protect the islands from California adventurers and filibusters who were rumored to be planning to invade the islands.
866:
were decimating the native Hawaiian population. In 1855, Alexander addressed his legislature to promote an ambitious public healthcare agenda that included the building of public hospitals and homes for the elderly. The
534:
and met with various heads of state, aiming to secure recognition of Hawaii as an independent country. Speaking both French and English, Alexander was well received in European society. He met president of France
719:
quickly slipped his own gold ring to the king and the ceremony continued. The marriage was apparently a happy one, as the king and queen shared interests including opera, literature and theatre.
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conversation by asking if we intended to make a long stay (in London) to which I answered by saying that we expected to leave in about a week and then Mr. Judd made a few remarks on his business.
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Victoria. The Americans talk and think a great deal about their liberty, and strangers often find that too many liberties are taken of their comfort just because his hosts are a free people.
715:, Kamehameha the Great's British royal advisor and companion. She also was Kamehameha's great-grandniece. On the day of their wedding, he forgot their wedding ring. Chief Justice
448:) when he arrived, but they were sent home and for the first time Liholiho was on his own. Alexander Liholiho played the flute and the piano, and enjoyed singing, acting, and
1957:
The First Japanese Embassy to the United States of America: Sent to Washington in 1860 as the First of the Series of Embassies Specially Sent Abroad by the Tokugawa Shogunate
1827:
The Chiefs' children's school a record compiled from the diary and letters of Amos Starr Cooke and Juliette Montague Cooke, by their granddaughter. Mary Atherton Richards
930:
believe their island was annexed by Kamehameha IV to Hawaii in 1856 (or 1855). Some maintain that through this annexation, Sikaiana has subsequently become part of the
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In 1860, Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma entertained a group of Japanese diplomats who were stopping in Honolulu on their way to Washington. These men were part of the
407:, first monarch of all the islands. Alexander had three older brothers, David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa and Lot Kapuāiwa, and a younger sister, Victoria Kamāmalu.
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Honolulu: Sketches of Life: Social, Political, and Religious, in the Hawaiian Islands from 1828–1861. With a Supplementary Sketch of Events to the Present Time
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quietly fitted the place cut out for the neck to his waist. Their hostess was very angry when she found what a mean trick her servant had played on them.
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At a dinner party in New York with friends of Judd, the princes were again exposed to a racist incident. Helen Kinau Wilder recalled in her memoirs:
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observes this as the feast day of Kamehameha and Emma, King and Queen of Hawaii, but does not use the name "Feast of the Holy Sovereigns".
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young prince died on August 27, 1862. The cause of the prince's death is unknown: at the time, it was believed to be "brain fever" or
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effort to balance the amount of influence exerted by American interests, Alexander began a campaign to limit Hawaii's dependence on
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Laws of His Majesty Kamehameha IV., king of the Hawaiian Islands, passed by the nobles and representatives, at their session, 1855
880:. The fundraising efforts also yielded separate funds for the development of a leprosy treatment facility built on the island of
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thought it best that the heir apparent, Alexander, and his brother, Lot Kapuāiwa, would benefit from the mission and experience.
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is celebrated annually in the Episcopal Church in Hawaii on November 28, honoring Kamehameha IV and Emma. The rest of the
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served as chief justice, until he was sent on a diplomatic mission and then died in 1857. Allen became chief justice, and
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dying without an heir of his own, Queen Emma ran unsuccessfully to become the Kingdom's ruling monarch. She lost to
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711:, whom he had met in childhood at the Chiefs' Children's School, as his queen. Queen Emma was the granddaughter of
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The Holy Sovereigns on stained-glass windows at St. Andrews, the church Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma helped found.
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1996:
The Journal of Prince Alexander Liholiho: The Voyages Made to the United States, England and France in 1849-1850
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959:
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became minister of finance. After Keoni Ana died, his brother Prince Lot Kapuāiwa was minister of the interior.
958:. At his funeral, eight hundred children and teachers walked to say goodbye. He was buried with his son at the
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Death rites and Hawaiian royalty : funerary practices in the Kamehameha and Kalākaua dynasties, 1819/1953
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Dr. Geritt P. Judd and his two royal charges: Prince Lot Kapuāiwa (left) and Prince Alexander Liholiho (right)
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703:, a British descendant and great grand niece of Hawaiʻi's first king, was Kamehameha IV's Queen Consort.
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In 1856, Kamehameha IV decreed that December 25 would be celebrated as the kingdom's national day of
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booklet presented to the 58th General Convention of the Episcopal Church in 1955 by Meiric K. Dutton
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In 1862, as part of his atonement for shooting his secretary and friend Neilson, he translated the
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Mission. Having been compelled to be good when a boy, he is determined not to be good as a man."
1547:"Proclamation: Kamehameha IV King of the Hawaiian Islands (Printed Proclamation of Neutrality)"
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celebration. Six years later, he would rescind his decree and formally proclaim Christmas as a
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Cooke, Amos Starr; Richards, Mary (Atherton) Mrs.; Cooke, Juliette (Montague) Mrs. (1937).
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Alekanetero "Alexander" ʻIolani Kalanikualiholiho Maka o ʻIouli Kūnuiākea o Kūkāʻilimoku
1812:
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539:. Sixteen-year-old Alexander Liholiho described a reception given at the Tuileries by:
891:, accepting the persuasions of the conservative American missionaries who objected to
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his throne, before being convinced not to by Wyllie, his minister of foreign affairs.
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After marrying in 1856, the royal couple had their only child on May 20, 1858, named
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With the supervision of their guardian Dr. Judd, Alexander and his brother sailed to
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Gavan Daws (1967). "Decline of Puritanism at Honolulu in the Nineteenth Century".
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through the 1898 annexation of "Hawaii and its dependencies". The U.S. disagrees.
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1955:
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for their subjects. They were concerned that foreign ailments and diseases like
444:(later known as Royal School) in Honolulu. He was accompanied by 30 attendants (
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349:(Alekanetero ʻIolani Kalanikualiholiho Maka o ʻIouli Kūnuiākea o Kūkāʻilimoku;
292:
131:
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was retired from public view, awaiting the birth of her seventh child, Prince
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as Alexander Liholiho) (February 9, 1834 – November 30, 1863), reigned as the
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1999:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press for the Hawaiian Historical Society.
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1639:. United States Government Accounting Office. November 1997. Archived from
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on November 30, 1863, and was succeeded by his brother, who took the name
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Alexander and Queen Emma devoted much of their reign to providing quality
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Under his eight-year reign the Kingdom saw the many territory additions.
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773:, Japan's first diplomatic mission to the United States since the 1854
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Speeches of His Majesty Kamehameha IV: to the Hawaiian Legislature ...
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governments, but his reign did not survive long enough to make them.
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to try for the second time to negotiate a treaty with France. Envoys
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who would establish a dynasty of his own — the last to rule Hawaii.
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His cabinet ministers were: Wyllie, as minister of foreign affairs,
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2071:. Printed by order of the Government. 1855 – via HathiTrust.
1337:. New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Company. pp. 219–221.
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Only a year after assuming the throne, Alexander took the hand of
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Upon his return Alexander was appointed to the Privy Council and
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When he was 14 he left the Royal School and went to study law.
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who decreed Alexander heir to the throne and raised him as the
311:
1598:
Greer, Richard A. (1969). "Founding of the Queen's Hospital".
45:
You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.
1864:
The Hawaiian Kingdom 1778–1854, Foundation and Transformation
1011:. Vol. 3. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 373–374.
1153:
965:
Queen Emma remained active in politics. With the end of the
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386:
208:
184:
1693:
1634:"U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution"
1227:. Vol. 1. Hawaii Historical Society. pp. 31–42.
470:. Liholiho recorded the events of his trip in a journal.
403:
or Prime Minister of the Kingdom. He was the grandson of
1355:
1150:, pp. vi, xvi, 46, 54, 105, 224, 263–264, 298, 328.
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would come into the islands during his brother's reign.
724:
Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa a Kamehameha
2082:
Printed at the Government Press – via HathiTrust.
410:
As a toddler, Alexander was adopted by his uncle, King
1165:
2237:
Ua Nani `O Nu'uanu – Mele Inoa for Alexander Liholiho
1931:. Vol. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
1899:. Vol. 2. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
1896:
The Hawaiian Kingdom 1854–1874, Twenty Critical Years
1867:. Vol. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
1803:(4). Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 244–264.
2325:
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1928:
The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty
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1681:
677:(John Young II) served as minister of the interior,
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Liholiho and Emma: King Kamehameha IV and His Queen
1830:. Honolulu, HI: Honolulu Star-Bulletin – via
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1182:
1180:
581:In May 1850, the royal brothers, boarded a ship in
473:A diplomatic mission was planned following Admiral
1823:
1713:"Diocesan Home | Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii"
1606:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 110–145.
1388:
1147:
1124:
754:home for the rest of his life. He also considered
458:At the age of 15, he went on a government trip to
1431:"Kamehameha IV and the Shooting of Henry Neilson"
1362:Hawaiian Kingdom 1854–1874, twenty critical years
1092:Lowe, Ruby Hasegawa.; Racoma, Robin Yoko (1997).
922:was annexed on April 15, 1862. Some residents of
2393:
1965:Lowe, Ruby Hasegawa; Racoma, Robin Yoko (1996).
1177:
2467:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles
1004:
795:
589:for a more extensive stay before returning. At
2168:"Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho) 1834–1863"
2022:Ruby Hasegawa Lowe, Robin Yoko Racoma (1996).
1954:Kyōkai, Nichi-Bei; Johnston, James D. (1920).
1953:
1477:
1314:"Tales From The Archives – Defending Honolulu"
653:and others to assist him. He also worked with
2472:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council
2311:
1743:. Church Publishing, Inc. December 17, 2019.
1571:
1395:Emma: Hawai'i's Remarkable Queen: a Biography
365:from January 11, 1855, to November 30, 1863.
2218:Biography from Hawaiʻi Royal Family web site
2497:Commanders-in-chief of the Hawaiian Kingdom
2422:Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla)
1553:. U.S. Library of Congress. August 26, 1861
1384:
1382:
1365:. Vol. 2. University of Hawaii Press.
732:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
486:many years, the Hawaiian king finally sent
381:Alexander was born on February 9, 1834, in
2318:
2304:
1921:
1857:
1699:
1465:Thrum's Hawaiian annual and standard guide
1222:
1159:
1091:
393:, Royal Governor of Oʻahu. His mother was
83:
2125:"Biography of Founder King Kamehameha IV"
1993:Kamehameha IV (1967). Jacob Adler (ed.).
1467:. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 86–91.
1008:Hawaiian national bibliography, 1780–1900
425:means "hawk of heaven", or "royal hawk".
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
1379:
1349:
1301:. Honolulu. November 5, 1853. p. 2.
1218:
1216:
1188:
936:
823:and commerce. He sought deals with the
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372:
1797:California Historical Society Quarterly
1535:. Honolulu. August 16, 1860. p. 1.
1311:
510:in September 1849. After their tour of
428:
377:Prince Alexander Liholiho wearing leis.
2394:
1574:"Preface to the Book of Common Prayer"
1517:. Honolulu. March 15, 1860. p. 2.
1499:. Honolulu. March 10, 1860. p. 2.
1096:. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press.
998:
2299:
1597:
1461:"The Kamehameha IV – Neilson tragedy"
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771:Japanese Embassy to the United States
746:On September 11, 1859, the king shot
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1667:"Death of His Majesty Kamehameha IV"
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1283:. Honolulu. June 2, 1860. p. 2.
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903:of the Kingdom of Hawaii. The first
637:including his brother Lot Kapuāiwa,
109:January 11, 1855 – November 30, 1863
18:
2144:"Alexander Liholiho: Kamehameha IV"
1960:. Tokyo: The America-Japan Society.
1838:
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1669:. December 3, 1863. p. Image 2
433:Alexander Liholiho was educated by
13:
1986:
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1251:state archives digital collections
1247:"Alexander Liholiho office record"
14:
2513:
2087:
2025:Kamehameha IV, Alexander Liholiho
1968:Kamehameha IV, Alexander Liholiho
1793:"When Royalty Came To California"
1533:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
1515:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
1318:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
1253:. state of Hawaii. Archived from
1094:Kamehameha IV, Alexander Liholiho
1050:
918:was annexed on May 10, 1857, and
739:. Later speculation has included
2477:Monarchs of the Hawaiian Islands
2462:Hawaiian Kingdom philanthropists
2108:
2094:
1148:Cooke, Richards & Cooke 1937
1125:Cooke, Richards & Cooke 1937
1033:"Kamehameha IV | king of Hawaii"
336:
23:
16:King of Hawaii from 1855 to 1863
2487:Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom
2251:Works by or about Kamehameha IV
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1483:
1480:, pp. pages=7–17, 115–125.
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1305:
1287:
1277:"Death of Hon. J. W. E. Maikai"
1269:
1239:
945:
440:Amos and Juliette Cooke at the
359:Ke Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina
1768:
1312:MacKaye, D. L. (May 8, 1910).
1130:
1025:
479:attack on the fort of Honolulu
1:
2412:19th-century Christian saints
2220:. Kealii Pubs. Archived from
2129:The Queen's Hospital web site
1005:David W. Forbes, ed. (2001).
991:
895:on the grounds that it was a
623:
368:
2502:19th-century philanthropists
2492:Royal School (Hawaii) alumni
2191:Will Hoover (July 2, 2006).
2028:. Kamehameha Schools Press.
1971:. Kamehameha Schools Press.
1740:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
982:Feast of the Holy Sovereigns
914:was annexed on May 1, 1857,
796:Resisting American influence
681:as minister of finance, and
572:Prince Alexander accounted:
391:High Chief Mataio Kekūanaōʻa
93:King of the Hawaiian Islands
7:
1600:Hawaiian Journal of History
1572:Kamehameha IV (June 1863).
1225:Hawaiian Journal of History
784:In August 1861 he issued a
643:John William Elliott Maikai
10:
2518:
2432:Hawaiian Kingdom Anglicans
2172:hawaiihistory.org web site
2043:Elizabeth Waldron (1986).
1839:Kam, Ralph Thomas (2017).
1529:"The Japanese in Honolulu"
1478:Kyōkai & Johnston 1920
1400:University of Hawaii Press
950:Alexander died of chronic
878:The Queen's Medical Center
805:The Royal Family of Hawaii
685:as minister of education.
593:, they met with President
226:Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum
2447:Hawaiian adoptees (hānai)
2341:
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2148:Aloha-Hawaii.com web site
1923:Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson
1891:Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson
1859:Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson
1331:Judd, Laura Fish (1880).
960:Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii
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786:declaration of neutrality
567:Arthur, Duke of Connaught
442:Chiefs' Children's School
395:Princess Elizabeth Kīnaʻu
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77:
1761:
1511:"Audience at the Palace"
1435:www.honolulumagazine.com
1357:Ralph Simpson Kuykendall
932:United States of America
660:
355:fourth monarch of Hawaii
2437:Converts to Anglicanism
1195:Jane's Oceania web site
1037:Encyclopedia Britannica
807:on horseback, 1856, by
514:, they continued on to
32:This article cites its
2427:Christianity in Hawaii
2242:Works by Kamehameha IV
2076:Kamehameha IV (1861).
1791:Baur, John E. (1922).
1551:Abraham Lincoln papers
1491:"The Japanese Embassy"
1320:. Honolulu. p. 4.
942:
811:
809:Charles Christian Nahl
704:
670:by the United States.
655:Robert Crichton Wyllie
617:
608:
579:
557:
550:
378:
962:on February 3, 1864.
940:
836:Book of Common Prayer
803:
699:
612:
603:
574:
555:
541:
376:
2224:on December 19, 2017
2193:"King Kamehameha IV"
1191:"Monarchy In Hawaii"
1137:Hawaiianencyclopedia
873:Constitution of 1852
429:Education and travel
2482:Protestant monarchs
2452:House of Kamehameha
2198:Honolulu Advertiser
2154:on October 13, 2004
2049:Daughters of Hawaii
1656:page 39, footnote 2
1646:on November 3, 2013
1457:Thomas George Thrum
1201:on November 6, 2019
1174:, pp. 246–248.
1162:, pp. 395–398.
971:William C. Lunalilo
871:, empowered by the
668:Hawaii's annexation
597:and Vice President
279:House of Kamehameha
2442:Deaths from asthma
1390:George S. Kanahele
1257:on October 7, 2011
967:Kamehameha dynasty
943:
812:
790:American Civil War
705:
687:William Little Lee
585:and sailed to the
558:
379:
213:Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
189:Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
2389:
2388:
2294:
2293:
2285:Succeeded by
2246:Project Gutenberg
2006:978-0-608-00534-8
1938:978-0-87022-433-1
1906:978-0-87022-432-4
1850:978-1-4766-6846-8
1774:Modern spelling:
1750:978-1-64065-235-4
1690:, pp. 74–75.
1409:978-0-8248-2240-8
1372:978-0-87022-432-4
840:Hawaiian language
717:Elisha Hunt Allen
683:Richard Armstrong
679:Elisha Hunt Allen
651:John Owen Dominis
435:Congregationalist
389:. His father was
385:on the island of
363:Kingdom of Hawaii
344:
343:
318:
299:
268:
267:
198:November 30, 1863
122:Kawaiahaʻo Church
71:
70:
63:
38:does not provide
2509:
2335:
2334:Hawaiian Kingdom
2329:
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2268:Preceded by
2260:
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2255:Internet Archive
2233:
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2185:
2183:
2178:on July 26, 2011
2174:. Archived from
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2150:. Archived from
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2104:
2102:Biography portal
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1778:
1772:
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1719:on March 5, 2013
1715:. Archived from
1709:
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916:Lisianski Island
901:national holiday
775:opening of Japan
748:Henry A. Neilson
599:Millard Fillmore
528:Washington, D.C.
496:William Richards
481:, the result of
357:under the title
340:
327:Church of Hawaii
314:
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1299:The Polynesian
1295:"By Authority"
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2366:Kamehameha V
2360:
2346:Kamehameha I
2288:Kamehameha V
2276:
2226:. Retrieved
2222:the original
2217:
2202:. Retrieved
2196:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:the original
2171:
2156:. Retrieved
2152:the original
2147:
2132:. Retrieved
2128:
2078:
2067:
2044:
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1995:
1967:
1956:
1927:
1895:
1863:
1840:
1826:
1800:
1796:
1785:Bibliography
1775:
1770:
1739:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:the original
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1661:
1650:November 27,
1648:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1628:
1603:
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1593:
1581:. Retrieved
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1439:. Retrieved
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1333:
1326:
1317:
1307:
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1289:
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1261:November 27,
1259:. Retrieved
1255:the original
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1241:
1224:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:the original
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1167:
1155:
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1132:
1120:
1093:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1027:
1007:
1000:
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956:Kamehameha V
949:
946:End of reign
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889:Thanksgiving
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741:appendicitis
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639:Francis Funk
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530:They toured
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416:crown prince
409:
405:Kamehameha I
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358:
346:
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200:(1863-11-30)
142:Kamehameha V
72:
57:
48:
37:
2407:1863 deaths
2402:1834 births
2228:January 30,
2204:January 30,
2182:January 30,
2158:January 30,
2134:January 29,
1776:Alekanekelo
1673:October 22,
1583:January 29,
1557:January 30,
1437:. June 2010
1205:January 30,
869:legislature
475:de Tromelin
128:Predecessor
115:Investiture
2396:Categories
2282:1855–1863
1832:HathiTrust
1042:August 26,
992:References
852:healthcare
827:and other
756:abdicating
737:meningitis
713:John Young
709:Emma Rooke
624:Succession
512:California
400:Kuhina Nui
369:Early life
351:anglicized
289:Kekūanaōʻa
174:1834-02-09
149:Kuhina Nui
2015:705890572
1947:500374815
1861:(1965) .
1612:10524/288
1441:April 24,
1233:10524/400
1172:Baur 1922
969:and King
926:near the
893:Christmas
864:influenza
856:education
838:into the
675:Keoni Ana
492:Haʻalilio
421:His name
333:Signature
154:Keoni Ana
138:Successor
2376:Kalākaua
2371:Lunalilo
2328:Monarchs
1925:(1967).
1915:47010821
1893:(1953).
1883:47008868
1817:25158494
1723:March 1,
1688:Kam 2017
1620:11632066
1392:(1999).
1359:(1953).
1112:35977915
924:Sikaiana
829:European
545:La Hitte
543:General
477:'s 1849
383:Honolulu
323:Religion
205:Honolulu
181:Honolulu
2331:of the
2253:at the
860:leprosy
825:British
788:in the
752:Waikiki
730:of the
583:England
520:Jamaica
460:England
450:cricket
423:'Iolani
361:of the
316:(hānai)
297:(hānai)
98:more...
34:sources
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952:asthma
846:Legacy
764:Cybele
532:Europe
526:, and
516:Panama
483:French
468:Panama
466:, and
462:, the
312:Kalama
308:Kīnaʻu
304:Mother
285:Father
233:Spouse
219:Burial
1813:JSTOR
1762:Notes
1644:(PDF)
1637:(PDF)
897:pagan
661:Reign
387:Oʻahu
274:House
259:Names
244:Issue
209:Oʻahu
185:Oʻahu
106:Reign
2230:2010
2206:2010
2184:2010
2160:2010
2136:2010
2053:ISBN
2030:ISBN
2011:OCLC
2001:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1943:OCLC
1933:ISBN
1911:OCLC
1901:ISBN
1879:OCLC
1869:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1725:2013
1675:2018
1652:2009
1616:PMID
1585:2010
1559:2010
1443:2020
1404:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1339:OCLC
1263:2009
1207:2010
1108:OCLC
1098:ISBN
1044:2020
1013:ISBN
980:The
882:Maui
862:and
854:and
701:Emma
494:and
446:kahu
397:the
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195:Died
168:Born
36:but
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