1651:
1617:
1221:
1187:
751:
50:
1118:
1106:
1674:
1063:
The population profile of
Kalamunda is slightly in advance of the Perth Metropolitan area with a media age of 47, compared with Perth Metropolitan areas median age of 36, and it is likely that in time it will develop a large retirement population. The population of Kalamunda and the surrounding areas
300:
people were the first inhabitants of the area. The first permanent
European settlers were the family of Frederick and Elizabeth Stirk, who arrived in 1881 and established a property called Headingly Hill at what is now Stirk Park; their house, Stirk Cottage, is now a museum. More settlers moved in
342:
At 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level, Kalamunda and the surrounding areas experience colder night temperatures than the bulk of the Perth
Metropolitan area to the west. Deep clay soils in the valleys in this area provide ideal growing conditions for stone fruits, apples and pears, wine
1059:
The most popular religious affiliations in descending order in the 2016 census were No
Religion 33.1%, Catholic 22.4%, Anglican 18.8%, Not Stated 9.0% and Christian, nfd 3.8%. Christianity was the largest religious group reported overall (61.4%) (this figure excludes not stated responses).
350:
is located to the north of
Kalamunda where the terrain drops away sharply to the Helena Valley effectively isolating Kalamunda from other Darling Scarp population centres to the north. To the south and east the urban area transitions into the semi-rural and orchard growing areas of
1036:
tradition, and are home to three major Perth residential colleges. Conservation groups are active within the community, and efforts have been made (largely successfully) to maintain native vegetation adjacent to the urban areas, and to some extent with the urban area.
1056:, Kalamunda had a population of 6,970; 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The median age of Kalamunda residents was 47, and median weekly personal income was $ 676. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.7% of the population.
787:. The area has a number of features as a result of this railway including a museum at the site of the original station. Typical rail side road structures with a rail reserve between and the
414:, it is a few degrees cooler in winter than Perth; however, this difference is less pronounced in summer as Kalamunda is less affected than Perth by the regular afternoon sea breeze, the
1309:
1094:
Short stay accommodation in a forest setting close to Perth is a growth area, and
Kalamunda is increasingly offering eco-tourism experiences for local and overseas visitors.
309:
was declared on 13 December 1901 after a request from thirty-two residents to form a townsite. They requested the name "Calamunnda", derived from two words in the indigenous
1234:
803:, dropping 300 metres in a series of five zig-zag shunts. The railway line has been replaced by a single lane, one-way scenic drive that follows the old track.
179:
167:
1705:
71:
329:
respelt the name as "Kalamunnda" and it was changed to "Kalamunda" by 1901. The local government area's unofficial motto is "A home in the forest".
1017:
base. While the town's retail centre is the largest in the
Darling Scarp it primarily services Kalamunda and the contiguous urbanised areas of
1678:
1313:
1830:
155:
1840:
1335:
1186:
1698:
418:, due to its inland location. Kalamunda is far wetter than the city with over 1,000 millimetres (39 in) of annual rainfall,
383:
406:
with hot dry summers and cool wet winters. Due to the suburb's high elevation of around 250–300 metres (820–980 ft) above
1835:
1040:
Kalamunda is home to the television towers of all free-to-air Perth
Television stations, and the approach control radar for
917:
893:
1789:
1754:
1691:
1144:
876:
796:
360:
347:
210:
1759:
1493:
1473:
1453:
1433:
1413:
1284:
1573:
1553:
1533:
1513:
1784:
1739:
800:
1203:
1809:
1794:
1764:
1749:
1629:
1595:
1199:
1164:
237:
230:
222:
215:
172:
981:
1633:
1360:
1083:
in recent times which has eroded the sense of a 'regional centre', Kalamunda remains a quiet town amongst the
1779:
1683:
205:
1804:
1799:
1774:
1022:
1018:
889:
247:
242:
64:
1599:
1168:
784:
419:
1734:
964:
947:
391:
352:
1744:
780:
356:
326:
1105:
1139:
367:
16:
This article is about the suburb of Perth, Western
Australia. For the local government area, see
1390:
1053:
387:
126:
110:
977:
960:
943:
930:
913:
897:
872:
859:
855:
842:
823:
773:
403:
196:
1261:
1117:
8:
1650:
1616:
1220:
184:
862:– Circular Route, serves Canning Road, Recreation Road, Peet Road and Cotherstone Road
1723:
1715:
1134:
1014:
788:
302:
160:
40:
17:
390:
because of its importance as a non-breeding season roost site and foraging base for
1073:
750:
415:
310:
267:
305:
railway. At this time the
Kalamunda area was known as "Gooseberry Hill". The name
1288:
371:
314:
901:
766:
758:
407:
1713:
1824:
1088:
1084:
1041:
993:
Kalamunda has extensive areas with orchards, primarily involved in apple and
792:
762:
620:
411:
281:
86:
73:
49:
1080:
994:
1006:
1010:
998:
845:
to Kalamunda Community Centre – serves Mead Street and Crescent Road
1368:
1065:
1666:
776:, which provides bus services across the Perth metropolitan area.
1069:
297:
363:, which in turn give way to extensive jarrah and marri forests.
1673:
1628:
1594:
1312:. Western Australian Land Information Authority. Archived from
1198:
1163:
1002:
933:
to Maddington Central – serves Canning Road and Lesmurdie Road
1719:
1033:
343:
production and for a small commercial rose growing industry.
285:
277:
148:
36:
779:
Kalamunda was once part of a thriving logging region, with
1064:
have a diverse ethnicity. Notably however, there are many
1029:
321:
meaning "fire", "home", "district", or "settlement" and
765:, and provides the foothills suburbs with access to the
791:
road on the old section where the railway climbed the
1285:"The story of Kalamunda's first house, Stirk Cottage"
1204:"2016 Community Profiles: Kalamunda (State Suburb)"
799:that the railway used to descend from the hills to
896:– serves Canning Road, Railway Road, Mead Street,
1822:
191:
1699:
325:meaning "forest" or "bush". Surveyor-General
301:during the 1890s, aided by the advent of the
1264:. Kalamunda and Districts Historical Society
1028:Kalamunda and the surrounding areas have an
374:, a 963 km recreational walking trail.
997:production. The region largely serves as a
107:
1706:
1692:
1649:
1615:
1310:"History of metropolitan suburb names – K"
1219:
1185:
1001:suburb for Perth workers. It has a modest
48:
967:– serves Canning Road and Lesmurdie Road
749:
384:Mundaring-Kalamunda Important Bird Area
1823:
1590:
1588:
377:
1687:
1638:2016 Census of Population and Housing
1282:
1208:2016 Census of Population and Housing
984:– serves Mead Street and Railway Road
920:– serves Mead Street and Railway Road
879:– serves Mead Street and Railway Road
1634:"2016 Community Profiles: Perth SUA"
1068:families who became involved in the
280:, Western Australia, located in the
1831:Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
1585:
1079:Despite the steady encroach of the
13:
1391:"Climate statistics for Kalamunda"
1145:Gooseberry Hill, Western Australia
761:serves as a major access road for
313:, as recorded in a book by Bishop
276:) is a town and eastern suburb of
139:10.6 km (4.1 sq mi)
25:Suburb of Perth, Western Australia
14:
1852:
1660:
1367:. Birds Australia. Archived from
1236:MUNICIPAL HERITAGE INVENTORY 2019
1173:Australian Census 2021 QuickStats
1169:"Kalamunda (suburb and locality)"
370:and the northern terminus of the
1841:Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda
1672:
1283:Wynne, Emma (5 September 2016).
1116:
1104:
1630:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1622:
1596:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1581:. Transperth. 16 January 2024 .
1565:
1545:
1525:
1505:
1485:
1465:
1445:
1425:
1405:
1200:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1165:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1047:
811:
767:Perth central business district
1383:
1353:
1328:
1302:
1276:
1254:
1226:
1192:
1157:
772:The suburb is serviced by the
332:
1:
1242:. City of Kalamunda. May 2019
1150:
988:
829:
284:at the eastern limits of the
147:25 km (16 mi) from
1836:Kalamunda, Western Australia
1679:Kalamunda, Western Australia
1561:. Transperth. 4 April 2024 .
1541:. Transperth. 4 April 2024 .
1521:. Transperth. 4 April 2024 .
1501:. Transperth. 17 July 2024 .
1481:. Transperth. 17 July 2024 .
1461:. Transperth. 17 July 2024 .
1441:. Transperth. 17 July 2024 .
1421:. Transperth. 17 July 2024 .
745:
337:
7:
1128:
785:Upper Darling Range Railway
783:the largest station on the
693:Average precipitation days
549:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
479:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
430:Climate data for Kalamunda
392:Long-billed Black Cockatoos
10:
1857:
1600:"Kalamunda (State Suburb)"
1361:"IBA: Mundaring-Kalamunda"
1097:
965:Elizabeth Quay Bus Station
948:Elizabeth Quay Bus Station
736:
429:
397:
291:
15:
1730:
1667:City of Kalamunda Website
1336:"Local Planning Strategy"
781:Kalamunda railway station
692:
618:
548:
478:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
382:The town lies within the
253:
194:
190:
178:
166:
154:
143:
135:
125:
117:
102:
63:
59:
54:Kalamunda Road, Kalamunda
47:
30:
1233:"6.0 Thematic History".
1393:. Bureau of Meteorology
1140:Kalamunda National Park
368:Kalamunda National Park
271:
1604:2016 Census QuickStats
806:
755:
422:in the Darling Scarp.
388:BirdLife International
366:Located nearby is the
1681:at Wikimedia Commons
1072:industry in the post-
978:Kalamunda Bus Station
961:Kalamunda Bus Station
950:– serves Canning Road
944:Kalamunda Bus Station
931:Kalamunda Bus Station
914:Kalamunda Bus Station
898:Kalamunda Bus Station
873:Kalamunda Bus Station
860:Kalamunda Bus Station
856:Kalamunda Bus Station
843:Kalamunda Bus Station
824:Kalamunda Bus Station
774:Kalamunda bus station
754:Kalamunda bus station
753:
404:Mediterranean climate
1111:The gum nut fountain
1013:sector, and a small
918:High Wycombe Station
894:High Wycombe Station
410:and location on the
1341:. City of Kalamunda
420:due to its location
386:, so identified by
378:Important Bird Area
288:metropolitan area.
180:Federal division(s)
168:State electorate(s)
83: /
1076:migration period.
756:
87:31.974°S 116.058°E
1818:
1817:
1724:Western Australia
1716:City of Kalamunda
1677:Media related to
1495:Bus Timetable 109
1475:Bus Timetable 109
1455:Bus Timetable 109
1435:Bus Timetable 109
1415:Bus Timetable 109
1135:City of Kalamunda
741:
740:
303:Kalamunda Zig Zag
261:
260:
257:
256:
199:around Kalamunda:
161:City of Kalamunda
41:Western Australia
18:City of Kalamunda
1848:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1632:(27 June 2017).
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1598:(27 June 2017).
1592:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1575:Bus Timetable 96
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1555:Bus Timetable 94
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1535:Bus Timetable 94
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1515:Bus Timetable 94
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:on 16 March 2022
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1241:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1202:(27 June 2017).
1196:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1167:(28 June 2022).
1161:
1120:
1108:
1074:Second World War
975:
973:
958:
956:
941:
939:
928:
926:
911:
909:
887:
885:
870:
868:
853:
851:
840:
838:
822:
820:
801:Midland Junction
427:
426:
416:Fremantle Doctor
402:Kalamunda has a
311:Noongar language
192:
109:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
92:-31.974; 116.058
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
52:
43:
33:
28:
27:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1790:Pickering Brook
1755:Gooseberry Hill
1726:
1714:Suburbs of the
1712:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1640:
1627:
1623:
1608:
1606:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1289:ABC Radio Perth
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1262:"Stirk Cottage"
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1212:
1210:
1197:
1193:
1177:
1175:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1087:forests on the
1050:
991:
982:Midland Station
971:
970:
954:
953:
937:
936:
924:
923:
907:
906:
883:
882:
877:Gooseberry Hill
866:
865:
849:
848:
836:
835:
832:
818:
817:
814:
809:
797:Gooseberry Hill
748:
743:
742:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
400:
380:
372:Bibbulmun Track
361:Pickering Brook
348:Gooseberry Hill
340:
335:
315:Rosendo Salvado
294:
211:Gooseberry Hill
91:
89:
85:
82:
77:
74:
72:
70:
69:
55:
35:
34:
31:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1760:Hacketts Gully
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1661:External links
1659:
1656:
1655:
1621:
1584:
1564:
1544:
1524:
1504:
1484:
1464:
1444:
1424:
1404:
1382:
1371:on 6 July 2011
1352:
1327:
1301:
1275:
1253:
1225:
1191:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1049:
1046:
990:
987:
986:
985:
968:
951:
934:
921:
904:
902:Kalamunda Road
880:
863:
846:
831:
828:
827:
826:
813:
810:
808:
805:
759:Kalamunda Road
747:
744:
739:
738:
734:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
476:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
432:
431:
425:
424:
408:mean sea level
399:
396:
379:
376:
346:The suburb of
339:
336:
334:
331:
327:Harry Johnston
293:
290:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
240:
234:
233:
228:
225:
219:
218:
213:
208:
202:
201:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
129:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
104:
100:
99:
67:
61:
60:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1853:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Paulls Valley
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Canning Mills
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1652:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1572:"Route 307".
1568:
1557:
1556:
1552:"Route 283".
1548:
1537:
1536:
1532:"Route 282".
1528:
1517:
1516:
1512:"Route 279".
1508:
1497:
1496:
1492:"Route 276".
1488:
1477:
1476:
1472:"Route 275".
1468:
1457:
1456:
1452:"Route 274".
1448:
1437:
1436:
1432:"Route 273".
1428:
1417:
1416:
1412:"Route 272".
1408:
1392:
1386:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1337:
1331:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1263:
1257:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1222:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Darling Scarp
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1042:Perth Airport
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
983:
979:
969:
966:
962:
952:
949:
945:
935:
932:
922:
919:
915:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
881:
878:
874:
864:
861:
857:
847:
844:
834:
833:
825:
816:
815:
804:
802:
798:
794:
793:Darling Scarp
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
764:
763:Perth Airport
760:
752:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
691:
685:
680:
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19:
1810:Wattle Grove
1795:Piesse Brook
1769:
1765:High Wycombe
1750:Forrestfield
1671:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:
1624:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:
1574:
1567:
1554:
1547:
1534:
1527:
1514:
1507:
1494:
1487:
1474:
1467:
1454:
1447:
1434:
1427:
1414:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:the original
1364:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:the original
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1235:
1228:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1194:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1159:
1093:
1081:urban sprawl
1078:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1048:Demographics
1039:
1027:
992:
812:Bus Stations
778:
771:
757:
623:mm (inches)
401:
381:
365:
345:
341:
322:
318:
306:
295:
272:
263:
262:
238:Forrestfield
231:Piesse Brook
223:Forrestfield
216:Piesse Brook
195:
22:
1643:19 December
1054:2016 census
995:stone fruit
795:. It is at
333:Environment
296:Indigenous
127:Postcode(s)
118:Established
90: /
78:116°03′29″E
65:Coordinates
1825:Categories
1780:Maida Vale
1609:14 October
1345:14 October
1320:14 October
1294:14 October
1268:14 October
1246:14 October
1213:14 October
1151:References
1123:Stirk Park
1015:industrial
1007:government
989:Facilities
830:Bus Routes
273:Karlamarda
206:Maida Vale
103:Population
75:31°58′26″S
1805:Walliston
1800:Reservoir
1775:Lesmurdie
1770:Kalamunda
1375:23 August
1023:Walliston
1019:Lesmurdie
1011:education
999:dormitory
890:Walliston
746:Transport
737:Source:
338:Geography
307:Kalamunda
264:Kalamunda
248:Walliston
243:Lesmurdie
227:Kalamunda
173:Kalamunda
32:Kalamunda
1129:See also
688:(41.86)
619:Average
144:Location
1735:Bickley
1397:21 June
1365:Birdata
1178:28 June
1098:Gallery
1070:orchard
1066:Italian
1052:In the
789:Zig Zag
686:1,063.3
683:(0.77)
678:(1.13)
673:(2.78)
668:(4.02)
663:(6.53)
658:(8.42)
653:(8.51)
648:(5.68)
643:(2.19)
638:(0.89)
633:(0.69)
628:(0.47)
614:(53.6)
609:(58.3)
604:(54.5)
599:(50.2)
594:(48.6)
589:(46.6)
584:(46.4)
579:(48.4)
574:(51.4)
569:(56.1)
564:(59.5)
559:(61.3)
554:(61.2)
544:(72.7)
539:(82.4)
534:(76.1)
529:(69.1)
524:(64.9)
519:(61.3)
514:(59.7)
509:(61.5)
504:(66.2)
499:(74.8)
494:(81.9)
489:(86.5)
484:(86.7)
398:Climate
353:Bickley
298:Noongar
292:History
268:Nyungar
197:Suburbs
185:Hasluck
106:7,163 (
39:,
1745:Carmel
1184:
1085:jarrah
1034:crafts
1003:retail
974:
972:
957:
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938:
927:
925:
910:
908:
886:
884:
869:
867:
852:
850:
839:
837:
821:
819:
732:114.8
435:Month
357:Carmel
323:mun-da
156:LGA(s)
1720:Perth
1579:(PDF)
1559:(PDF)
1539:(PDF)
1519:(PDF)
1499:(PDF)
1479:(PDF)
1459:(PDF)
1439:(PDF)
1419:(PDF)
1339:(PDF)
1240:(PDF)
723:10.9
720:13.1
717:16.5
714:18.5
711:16.6
708:13.3
666:102.1
661:165.9
656:213.8
651:216.2
646:144.3
474:Year
286:Perth
278:Perth
149:Perth
37:Perth
1645:2019
1611:2019
1399:2011
1377:2011
1347:2019
1322:2019
1296:2019
1270:2019
1248:2019
1215:2019
1180:2022
1032:and
1030:arts
1021:and
1009:and
976:307
959:283
942:282
929:279
912:276
900:and
888:275
871:274
854:273
841:272
729:3.7
726:6.2
705:7.0
702:3.9
699:2.6
696:2.5
681:19.6
676:28.6
671:70.5
641:55.7
636:22.7
631:17.4
626:11.9
612:12.0
607:14.6
602:12.5
597:10.1
572:10.8
567:13.4
562:15.3
557:16.3
552:16.2
542:22.6
537:28.0
532:24.5
527:20.6
522:18.3
517:16.3
512:15.4
507:16.4
502:19.0
497:23.8
492:27.7
487:30.3
482:30.4
471:Dec
468:Nov
465:Oct
462:Sep
459:Aug
456:Jul
453:Jun
450:May
447:Apr
444:Mar
441:Feb
438:Jan
359:and
319:cala
136:Area
131:6076
121:1901
111:2021
980:to
963:to
946:to
916:to
892:to
875:to
858:to
807:Bus
592:9.2
587:8.1
582:8.0
577:9.1
108:SAL
1827::
1722:,
1718:,
1636:.
1602:.
1587:^
1363:.
1287:.
1206:.
1171:.
1091:.
1044:.
1025:.
1005:,
769:.
394:.
355:,
317::
270::
1707:e
1700:t
1693:v
1647:.
1613:.
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1379:.
1349:.
1324:.
1298:.
1272:.
1250:.
1217:.
1182:.
266:(
113:)
20:.
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