3612:
471:
2592:
463:) of closely related languages, whose speakers were differentiated geographically and, in some cases, by cultural practices. The dialects merged into the modern Noongar language following colonisation. A 1990 conference organised by the Nyoongar Language Project Advisory Panel recognised that the Noongar subgroup included at least three distinct languages. This was highlighted by the 2011
547:(1948), noting their regional variations. A later review and synthesis of recorded names and consultation with Noongars produced a list of recommended orthography and pronunciation for birds (2009) occurring in the region. The author, Ian Abbott, also published these recommendations for plants (1983) and mammals (2001), and proposed that these replace other vernacular in common use.
1939:
2808:
or marriage. The "fraternal" dual pronouns are used by and for people who are siblings or close friends, "paternal" dual pronouns are used by and for people who are paternal relatives (parent-child, uncle-niece and so forth), and "marital" pronouns are used by and for people who are married to each
652:
Peter Bindon and Ross
Chadwick have compiled an authoritative cross referenced "A Nyoongar Wordlist: from the South West of Western Australia", by assembling material from all of the above writers in their original spelling. It is clear from this reference that the orthographies used reflected not
504:
There is a general consensus that the following varieties belong to the
Noongar subgroup: Wudjari, Minang, Bibelman (a.k.a. Pibelman; Bibbulman), Kaneang (Kaniyang), Wardandi, Balardung (a.k.a. Ballardong; which probably included Tjapanmay/Djabanmai), and Yuat (Juat). Wiilman, Whadjuk (Wajuk) and
596:
district a list of 320 words from that region which was near identical to those he had collected in the Swan River region. Much to Grey's disappointment, his work was published in an unfinished list as he was leaving the colony, but he believed that the publication would assist in communication
505:
Pinjarup are also usually regarded as dialects of
Noongar, although this identification is not completely secure. The Koreng (Goreng) people are thought to have spoken a dialect of, or closely related to, Wudjari, in which case their language would have been part of the Noongar subgroup.
2595:
2594:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2600:
486:. In modern Noongar, these varieties have merged. There is controversy in some cases as to whether all of these varieties were part of the original Noongar subgroup. Some may have been distinct languages and some may have belonged to neighbouring subgroups.
2597:
1944:
1943:
1940:
614:
1945:
2082:
Like most
Australian languages, Noongar has a complex tense and aspect system. The plain verb stem functions as both the infinitive and the present tense. Verb phrases are formed by adding suffixes or adverbs to the verb stem.
591:
of HM 83rd
Regiment. Grey spent twelve months studying the languages of the Noongar people and came to the conclusion that there was much in common between them. Just prior to publication, he received from Mr Bussel of the
3650:
1942:
895:
645:
in her work for the
Noongar Language and Culture Centre. In 2012 Tim McCabe finished a PhD on Noongar place names, songs and stories, having been taught a variety of the language by Clive Humphreys of
897:
860:
was agreed on for teaching the language in schools. A unanimous vote decided that the language would be spelt "Nyoongar", but later, as teaching and learning resources were being developed for the
3721:
The fact is that the overwhelming majority of our schools are in
Noongar country, so we feel a real significant need to expand the support that we provide for teachers of Noongar in particular.
2596:
4455:
3131:
314:
1941:
821:
Since the late 20th century, there has been increased interest in reviving the
Noongar/Nyungar language, including teaching it at many schools throughout the south west of
497:. (As such, Amangu may have been synonymous with a dialect known as Nhanhagardi, which has also been classified, at different times, as a part of Nhanda, Noongar, or
896:
4202:
Baker, Brett (2014). "Word
Structure in Australian Languages". In Koch, Harold and Rachel Nordlinger. The Languages and Linguistics of Australia. De Gruyter. p.164.
3522:
917:
challenged the science behind the claim that it is an endangered language, citing the lack of rigour in the data. Collard began leading a project to create the "
4466:
4114:
2634:
Noongar pronouns are declined exactly as nouns, taking the same endings. Thus, possessive pronouns are formed by the addition of the regular genitive suffix -
882:
provided funding for four years from 2015 under the
Indigenous Languages Support program to establish the Noongar Language Centre. The offices are located in
1465:
4499:
4135:
634:
in 1930, but this material was lost for many years and has only recently been recovered. Beginning in the 1930s and then more intensively in the 1960s
994:
have been created that use Noongar language, both written and spoken. These include a plant identification app, dictionary, and cultural information.
3499:
2141:
Some tense/aspect distinctions are indicated by use of a verb suffix. In Noongar, the past or preterite tense is the same as the past participle.
3842:
3880:
2945:, a common feature in Pama-Nyungan languages. The same is also true for intensified or emphatic adjectives, comparable to the English word
3704:
837:
The Noongar Language and Culture Centre was set up at the Bunbury Aboriginal Progress Association in 1986, and grew to include offices in
3677:
3538:
521:, the Njunga people rejected the name Wudjari and had adopted some of the customs of their non-Noongar-speaking eastern neighbours, the
3554:
Baalaa Kaarl Killelbirriny (His Hearth and Home of the Sergeant Ant): a study of the cultural landscapes of the Noongar Cliff Humphries
489:
Many linguists believe that the northernmost language shown, Amangu, was not part of the Noongar subgroup, was instead a part of the
4492:
982:, and performed by an all-Noongar cast. The play took years to translate, and has sparked wider interest in reviving the language.
482:
The highlighted area of the map shown here may correspond to the Noongar subgroup. The subdivisions shown correspond to individual
3058:
Spelling may vary, especially in the case of "Bilelman" and "Nadji Nadji", which are apparent errors for Bibbulman and Njakinjaki.
825:. As of 2022 it is one of the 24 Aboriginal languages being taught at 68 schools in Western Australia to around 10,000 students.
405:
community and others. It is taught actively in Australia, including at schools, universities and through public broadcasting. The
3733:
2626:. Inanimate nouns, that is, nouns that do not denote human beings, can also be pluralized by the simple addition of a numeral.
641:
More recently, Noongar people have taken a major role in this work as researchers, for example Rose Whitehurst who compiled the
467:, edited by Bernard Rooney, which was based on the Yuat (Juat) variety, from the northwest part of the Noongar subgroup area.
3431:
2915:
Typically, if the subject of a sentence is not qualified by a numeral or adjective, a subject-marker pronoun is used. Thus:
455:
It is generally agreed that there was no single, standard Noongar (or Nyungar) language before European settlement: it was a
3080:
2961:
Statements are negated by adding the appropriate particle to the end of the sentence. There are three negation particles:
1289:
626:. This work included a substantial wordlist of Noongar. The first modern linguistic research on Noongar was carried out by
4451:
6450:
4485:
3767:
3345:"Aboriginal names of bird species in south-west Western Australia, with suggestions for their adoption into common usage"
3085:
1325:
1282:
5328:
3418:
1275:
3227:
5200:
4187:
3902:
3581:
3397:
3294:
543:
6174:
2583:
925:
format, allowing for expansion over time. The project is continuing as of April 2021, with the site growing in the
406:
17:
3143:
2608:
The direct object of a sentence (what might be called the dative) can also be expressed with the locative suffix -
2170:
A few adverbs are used with the past tense to indicate the amount of time since the event of the verb took place.
5588:
4250:
Symmons, Charles (1842) "Grammatical Introduction to the Study of the Aboriginal Language of Western Australia."
4119:
3654:
3171:
1061:
914:
646:
394:
4237:
Stirling, Lesley and Alan Dench. "Tense, Aspect, Modality and Evidentiality in Australian Languages: Foreword."
3344:
775:
4033:
3423:
3197:
868:
623:
439:
883:
1358:
Many words vary in a regular way from dialect to dialect, depending on the area. For example: the words for
289:
4705:
4161:
3081:"WA academics develop Noongar 'Knowledge' to help preserve language fewer than 240 first-language speakers"
2642:
suffix. Notably, there does not appear to be a great deal of pronominal variation across dialectal lines.
1341:
1070:
975:
861:
6186:
4900:
3881:"Noongar language reborn in Hecate, an Aboriginal translation of Shakespeare's Macbeth at Perth Festival"
2067:
1416:
1215:
1038:
878:
In 2014, the Noongar Boodjar Language Cultural Aboriginal Corporation (NBLCAC) was incorporated, and the
3472:
6080:
5879:
5735:
5723:
5538:
5236:
4903:
4872:
4508:
4075:
3019:
2055:
1461:
1424:
1332:
1202:
1163:
1086:
838:
653:
only dialectical differences, but also how the various authors "heard" and transcribed spoken Noongar.
140:
6445:
5351:
5179:
4790:
4139:
3928:
3573:
2801:
2618:
is likewise expressed by the addition of suffixes. Nouns that end in vowels take the plural suffix -
1412:
1189:
631:
3611:
6146:
5108:
4981:
4857:
4695:
4554:
4539:
1209:
1047:
615:
A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Use Amongst the Aborigines of Western Australia
597:
between settlers and Noongar people. Also noted by Grey was that the Noongar language had no soft
513:– a language related to, but separate from, the original Noongar subgroup. It is not clear if the
5937:
5909:
5057:
4733:
4690:
4623:
3989:
3318:
1485:
1196:
1176:
1157:
929:. It is the first Knowledge in an Aboriginal Australian language site, but it is intended to be
879:
712:
702:
6110:
6100:
5431:
5416:
5370:
5298:
5256:
4081:
2059:
1257:
1183:
815:
435:
3310:
1445:
in Noongar meant "a gathering". Daisy Bates suggests that central to Noongar culture was the
6320:
6013:
6000:
5812:
5629:
5388:
4805:
4685:
4633:
3968:
1309:
1250:
1229:
638:
learnt and studied Noongar, eventually producing a grammar, dictionary, and other materials.
619:
571:
483:
475:
456:
6208:
6341:
6249:
6195:
6049:
5985:
5848:
5697:
5669:
5664:
5479:
5408:
5393:
5323:
5318:
5308:
5303:
5293:
5261:
5174:
5080:
5065:
5014:
5009:
4999:
4826:
4795:
4643:
4638:
4071:
4023:
4010:
3763:
2937:
Adjectives precede nouns. Some adjectives form the comparative by addition of the suffix -
1243:
1170:
1107:
864:(LOTE) curriculum which would be taught in schools, it was decided to change to "Noongar".
522:
3369:
Abbott, Ian (2001). "Aboriginal names of mammal species in south-west Western Australia".
3127:
320:
8:
6315:
6305:
6295:
6239:
6125:
5990:
5843:
5820:
5797:
5654:
5346:
5248:
5161:
5121:
5088:
5024:
5004:
4915:
4743:
4669:
4549:
4544:
1144:
926:
3552:
6411:
6383:
6373:
6300:
6213:
6029:
5825:
5766:
5758:
5743:
5720:
5687:
5611:
5601:
5578:
5507:
5502:
5421:
5383:
5313:
5233:
5169:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5098:
5093:
4989:
4933:
4877:
4836:
4764:
4718:
4713:
4648:
4574:
3413:
2615:
2091:
2074:
of Noongar, aspects of grammar, syntax and orthography are highly regionally variable.
1236:
1139:
725:
707:
510:
6092:
3737:
849:
and Rose Whitehurst started recording elders speaking using Noongar language in 1990.
306:
6398:
6365:
6346:
6336:
6285:
6275:
6044:
5932:
5927:
5919:
5876:
5835:
5748:
5692:
5679:
5659:
5639:
5596:
5558:
5535:
5489:
5466:
5446:
5436:
5378:
5277:
5271:
5116:
4971:
4966:
4928:
4852:
4831:
4800:
4738:
4664:
4618:
4559:
4183:
4085:
4037:
3577:
3445:
3437:
3427:
3393:
3290:
3049:
in 2019 with the rationale "Australian government used and currently published name".
2087:
2062:, with words and phrases formed by the addition of affixes to verb and noun stems.
1265:
1134:
1112:
842:
826:
822:
555:
551:
498:
460:
410:
398:
145:
4226:
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 44.6
3471:
612:
Serious documentation of the Noongar language began in 1842 with the publication of
574:
described Lyon's work as "containing many inaccuracies and much that was fanciful".
517:(or Nunga) dialect was significantly different from Wudjari. However, according to
6388:
6351:
6290:
6218:
6203:
6120:
5970:
5965:
5955:
5947:
5904:
5802:
5776:
5644:
5624:
5619:
5573:
5563:
5497:
5474:
5456:
5136:
5047:
5042:
4956:
4938:
4923:
4867:
4785:
4780:
4759:
4628:
4569:
4564:
4093:
4053:
3948:
3940:
2226:
1297:
1124:
1117:
979:
717:
560:
A Glance at the Manners and Language of Aboriginal Inhabitants of Western Australia
438:
project, and English names where they are not. Names recorded for features such as
421:
364:
335:
3944:
6416:
6406:
6378:
6310:
6280:
6270:
6151:
6130:
6115:
6105:
6034:
5980:
5960:
5899:
5853:
5784:
5649:
5634:
5568:
5550:
5451:
5426:
5338:
5285:
5210:
5195:
5151:
5126:
5070:
5037:
4948:
4862:
4723:
4600:
4584:
4579:
4521:
4045:
1223:
1129:
694:
635:
494:
490:
132:
4224:
Bates, Daisy M (1914). "A Few Notes on Some South-Western Australian Dialects".
3734:"Western and Northern Aboriginal Language Alliance Conference - List of Authors"
6254:
6244:
6234:
6056:
5891:
5205:
5032:
4994:
4821:
4013:
Albany GateWAy Co-operative Limited, 28 July 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2006.
3850:
3705:"WA schools take first steps towards offering formal Noongar language learning"
2970: used generally with verbs
967:
846:
799:
627:
538:
518:
203:
3953:
3260:
6439:
5441:
5398:
4961:
4610:
4027:
3651:"Language Statistics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2016"
3599:
3503:. Vol. VII, no. 346. Western Australia. 24 August 1839. p. 135
3441:
2942:
1020:
942:
768:
579:
567:
282:
4097:
4057:
4049:
3678:"Indigenous languages being taught to 10,000 Western Australian school kids"
3449:
3494:
1528:
918:
902:
534:
210:
4089:
4041:
3625:
3235:
2229:, specifically relating to motion or direction, among other distinctions.
570:. Despite the significance of Lyon's work in being the first of its kind,
272:
265:
258:
251:
244:
237:
4477:
4175:
3791:
1319:
1015:
957:
910:
857:
588:
447:
2225:
Nouns (as well as adjectives) take a variety of suffixes which indicate
2207: just now (
4474:, digitised and geo-tagged lists of Aboriginal words, including Noongar
3604:
3480:
3004:
Questions are formed by the addition of the interrogative interjection
2978: used generally with adjectives
2063:
2040:
1518:
1032:
1025:
991:
950:
506:
443:
84:
64:
470:
4456:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
3843:"NoongarPedia created as first Knowledge site in Aboriginal language"
3539:
Noongar Dictionary Noongar to English and English to Noongar (2nd Ed)
3132:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
3038:
1408:
1359:
1078:
1055:
930:
853:
784:
756:
593:
299:
223:
96:
4460:
3103:
434:
Map of Perth showing Noongar names for places where recorded in the
1508:
1481:
550:
A number of small wordlists were recorded in the early days of the
414:
100:
92:
2638:. Conversely, object pronouns are formed by the addition of the -
3816:
2805:
2071:
1401:
A large number of modern place names in Western Australia end in
1151:
962:
946:
402:
112:
108:
104:
72:
56:
818:, 443 people identified themselves as speaking Noongar at home.
1523:
514:
88:
80:
76:
60:
2117: future (
3927:
Rahaman, Hafizur; Johnston, Michelle; Champion, Erik (2021).
3570:
A Nyoongar wordlist: from the south-west of Western Australia
2804:
pronouns which identify interpersonal relationships based on
2179: a long time (
945:
has promoted the use of the language through song, including
905:
mob, written by Wirlomin Noongar Language and Stories Project
872:
563:
3643:
3523:
Illustrated dictionary of the South-West Aboriginal language
3495:"Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Language of Western Australia"
3392:(second ed.). Welshpool WA: Western Australian Museum.
3234:(Interview). Interviewed by Todhunter, Rhian. Archived from
2929:
on-rock standing"), "the kangaroo is standing on the rock."
2131: conditional (
385:
350:
4398:
4396:
4368:
4366:
4364:
922:
829:
offers an open online Noongar language and culture course.
379:
347:
68:
4467:
Billardong Noongar Waangkany Ballardong Noongar dictionary
3474:
Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Language of Western Australia
376:
344:
3130:
Noongar at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1403:
382:
373:
4393:
4361:
3821:
Noongar Boodjar Language Cultural Aboriginal Corporation
3796:
Noongar Boodjar Language Cultural Aboriginal Corporation
585:
Vocabulary of the Aboriginal people of Western Australia
417:
into English, particularly names of plants and animals.
4471:
4452:
Bibliography of Bibbulman language and people resources
4330:
4328:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4180:
Australian Aboriginal languages: a general introduction
3929:"Audio-augmented arboreality: wildflowers and language"
3926:
3550:
2193: a short time (
845:
have released several books in the language. Educators
649:, and is teaching Noongar to inmates in Perth prisons.
609:
was very rarely used and never at the start of a word.
3204:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 December 2021
2148: progressive (
1002:
The following are the sounds in the Noongar language:
4354:
4352:
4115:"A Noongar word for 'smoke' finds a place in science"
2160: past (
852:
In 1997 at a meeting of around 200 Noongar people at
370:
341:
4325:
4257:
2066:
in Noongar is free, but generally tends to follow a
1451:, referring to those that gather around the hearth (
493:, and may have been a dialect of the Kartu language
427:
4342:
4340:
4070:
4022:
1507:, was adopted for the family of compounds known as
413:. Within that region, many Noongar words have been
367:
338:
4349:
1517:"to be hit on the head" comes from the term for a
806:, is the community dialect of the Nyungar people.
474:The Noongar language subgroup, and its individual
2949:. The superlative is formed by the addition of -
933:, so as to be used as a teaching aid in schools.
409:of the Noongar people is the southwest corner of
6437:
4337:
3500:The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal
2941:but more generally the comparative is formed by
2103: later (
4213:Noongar Waangkiny: A Learner's Guide to Noongar
3144:"Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3757:
3755:
3572:(2nd ed.). Welshpool, Western Australia:
3567:
3352:Conservation Science Western Australia Journal
1427:means "place of the male kangaroo". The word
4493:
3786:
3784:
3338:
3336:
3005:
2983:
2973:
2965:
2916:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2622:, whereas nouns that end in consonants take -
2575:
2565:
2555:
2545:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2180:
2174:
2161:
2149:
2132:
2126:
2118:
2112:
2104:
2098:
1512:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1475:
1469:
1468:, include the given name Kylie, "boomerang",
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
913:from the School of Indigenous Studies at the
562:. Lyon acquired much of his information from
533:The Noongar names for birds were included in
4182:. London: Angus & Robertson Publishers.
3568:Bindon, Peter; Chadwick, Ross, eds. (2011).
949:for children and a translation of the song "
936:
3752:
3342:
3010:alongside the infinitive root of the verb.
2086:The following adverbs are used to indicate
1460:Noongar words which have been adopted into
1419:. This is because in the Noongar language,
1386:(west), or the word for fire may vary from
27:Southwestern Australian Aboriginal language
4507:
4500:
4486:
4168:
3781:
3511:– via National Library of Australia.
3422:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
3387:
3362:
3333:
3098:
3096:
2982:There is also an adverbial negation word,
2510:, "a spear is used for hunting kangaroos"
1949:Basic counting 1 through to 10 plus twenty
832:
5719:
5232:
3952:
3874:
3872:
3834:
3595:
3593:
3123:
3121:
2604:Colours spelt both in Noongar and English
1350:/r/ can be heard as either or a glide .
5875:
5534:
4899:
3657:. 11 April 2022. Table 1.2.1 Census 2016
3381:
2590:
1937:
1423:means "place of". For example, the name
893:
469:
6173:
3761:
3736:. Batchelor Press. 2013. Archived from
3225:
3221:
3219:
3166:
3164:
3093:
966:into Noongar was performed at the 2020
630:on the variety known as "Koreng", near
622:, later republished in 1884 as part of
509:(Nyakinyaki) was possibly a dialect of
14:
6438:
6078:
4239:Australian Journal of Linguistics 32.1
4109:
4107:
3903:"Shakespeare in Noongar a world first"
3878:
3869:
3675:
3590:
3388:Bindon, Peter; Ross, Chadwick (2011).
3368:
3284:
3118:
420:Noongar was first recorded in 1801 by
6172:
6077:
5874:
5718:
5533:
5231:
4898:
4519:
4481:
4174:
4064:
4016:
3883:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3840:
3711:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3702:
3696:
3684:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3669:
3533:
3531:
3406:
2054:Noongar grammar is fairly typical of
809:
3515:
3469:
3216:
3198:"Learn some of the Noongar language"
3190:
3161:
3078:
2988:, roughly equivalent to the English
2070:pattern. Because there are several
656:
4520:
4104:
3879:Turner, Rebecca (25 January 2020).
3768:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3149:. SIL International. 22 August 2018
3104:"639 Identifier Documentation: nys"
1531:, is thought to come from Noongar.
956:An adaption and translation of the
577:During August and October 1839 the
424:, who made a number of word lists.
24:
3841:Woods, Meghan (10 November 2016).
3528:
3419:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2222:There are no articles in Noongar.
1535:Vocabulary list from Blake (1981)
1374:(west); the word for water may be
25:
6462:
4445:
3908:. Perth Festival. 31 October 2019
3226:Collard, Len (7 September 2015).
3079:Long, Katrin (13 February 2014).
2999:
1340:
1331:
1324:
1308:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1085:
1069:
1060:
1046:
1037:
428:Varieties of the Noongar subgroup
255: – Bibbulman (Pipelman)
3762:Kennedy, Sharon (20 July 2010).
3610:
3551:McCabe, Timothy Francis (2012).
2507:kitjal baal daatj-mit barangin'y
1933:
798:An English dialect with Noongar
566:while Yagan was incarcerated on
528:
401:, spoken by some members of the
363:
334:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4384:
4375:
4316:
4307:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4244:
4231:
4218:
4205:
4196:
4154:
4128:
4120:University of Western Australia
4004:
3982:
3961:
3920:
3895:
3809:
3726:
3655:Australian Bureau of Statistics
3618:
3561:
3544:
3487:
3463:
3303:
3278:
3052:
1501:, "spear". The word for smoke,
921:", recording the language in a
915:University of Western Australia
889:
478:, before contact with Europeans
3424:Australian National University
3414:"Grey, Sir George (1812–1898)"
3253:
3172:"Noongar Language and Culture"
3136:
3072:
3032:
985:
661:
395:Australian Aboriginal language
13:
1:
4077:The Passing of the Aborigines
4029:The Passing of the Aborigines
3945:10.1080/14626268.2020.1868536
3703:Wynne, Emma (1 August 2021).
3676:Bourke, Keane (4 July 2022).
3065:
2932:
1353:
1097:
4313:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.18-19.
4211:Spehn-Jackson, Lois (2015).
4162:Oxford Dictionary of English
4011:"Place of the Male Kangaroo"
3557:(Thesis). Curtin University.
997:
976:Yirra Yaakin Theatre Company
875:were teaching the language.
862:Languages Other Than English
276: – Whadjuk (Wajuk)
248: – Mineng (Minang)
241: – Koreng (Goreng)
182:Balardung (incl. Tjapanmay?)
7:
3764:"Learning Noongar language"
3013:
2956:
2629:
2199:, "ate a little while ago")
2123:, "will eat after a while")
1895:paminy (wantanginy 'kill')
1527:, denoting a type of small
901:"Djena djen", performed by
867:By 2010, 37 schools in the
841:and Perth. Authors such as
601:sound, there was no use of
10:
6467:
4252:Western Australia Almanack
3239:(Audio, text introduction)
3020:Boodjar Nyungar Placenames
2800:Noongar features a set of
2582:agentive suffix used with
2049:
1462:Western Australian English
544:Birds of Western Australia
450:are not shown in this map.
6397:
6364:
6329:
6263:
6227:
6194:
6185:
6181:
6168:
6139:
6091:
6087:
6073:
6022:
5946:
5918:
5890:
5886:
5870:
5834:
5811:
5775:
5757:
5734:
5730:
5714:
5678:
5610:
5587:
5549:
5545:
5529:
5488:
5465:
5407:
5369:
5337:
5284:
5270:
5247:
5243:
5227:
5188:
5160:
5107:
5079:
5056:
5023:
4980:
4947:
4914:
4910:
4894:
4845:
4814:
4773:
4752:
4704:
4678:
4657:
4609:
4593:
4532:
4528:
4515:
4438:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.15.
4402:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.13.
4372:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.20.
4322:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.18.
4286:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.11.
4277:Spehn-Jackson 2015, p.16.
4140:Western Australian Museum
3574:Western Australian Museum
3265:www.noongarculture.org.au
1323:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1005:
937:Language through the arts
782:
766:
754:
749:
691:
681:
673:
668:
313:
297:
280:
221:
216:
200:
161:
129:
125:less than 240 (2014)
119:
52:
44:
39:
34:
4215:. Batchelor Press. p.12.
3541:Retrieved 9 August 2019.
3525:Retrieved 9 August 2019.
3285:Rooney, Bernard (2011).
3025:
2522:belong-to, inhabitant of
2370:, "away from the water"
2290:, "by means of a spear"
2217:
2185:, "ate a long time ago")
2077:
587:, written by Lieutenant
3969:"Noongar Language Apps"
3319:South Australian Museum
3006:
2984:
2974:
2966:
2917:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2209:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2181:
2175:
2162:
2150:
2133:
2127:
2119:
2113:
2105:
2099:
1513:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1486:Cherax quinquecarinatus
1476:
1470:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
880:Commonwealth Government
833:Noongar Language Centre
6451:Pama–Nyungan languages
6039:old Wangkumara/Garlali
6008:new Wangkumara/Garlali
4509:Pama–Nyungan languages
4461:Noongarpedia word list
3990:"Sharing The Dreaming"
3537:Whitehurst, R. (1997)
2809:other or are in-laws.
2605:
2350:, "towards the water"
2056:Pama–Nyungan languages
1950:
906:
687:443 (2016 census)
479:
5329:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
4429:Symmons 1842, p.xxvi.
4334:Symmons 1842, p.xiii.
4304:Symmons 1842, p.viii.
4268:Symmons 1842, p.xvii.
3817:"[Home page]"
3470:Grey, George (1839).
2603:
2310:, "your grandmother"
1948:
900:
620:George Fletcher Moore
572:George Fletcher Moore
473:
269: – Pinjarup
262: – Wardandi
6389:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
4463:(under construction)
4381:Symmons 1842, p.xiv.
3343:Abbott, Ian (2009).
2410:, "becoming strong"
558:'s 1833 publication
173:Bibbulman (Pipelman)
6175:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
4472:Digital Daisy Bates
4420:Symmons 1842, p.xi.
4390:Symmons 1842, p.xv.
4358:Symmons 1842, p.ix.
4082:G. P. Putnam's Sons
4072:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
4024:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
3521:Douglas, W. (1996)
3289:. Batchelor Press.
3287:Nyoongar Dictionary
3106:. SIL International
2470:, "without a coat"
2390:, "near the water"
2330:, "place of trees"
2166:, "ate, had eaten")
2109:, "will eat later")
2068:subject–object–verb
1536:
927:Wikimedia Incubator
5640:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
4411:Baker 2014, p.182.
3954:20.500.11937/82325
3933:Digital Creativity
3315:samuseum.sa.gov.au
2616:Grammatical number
2606:
2530:, "river dweller"
2442:having or existing
1977:boodjar (country)
1951:
1534:
970:. The play, named
941:Singer-songwriter
909:In 2015 Professor
907:
810:Number of speakers
726:Australian English
643:Noongar Dictionary
480:
465:Noongar Dictionary
176:Kaniyang (Kaneang)
167:Wudjari (Kwetjman)
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6360:
6359:
6228:Mangarrayi-Marran
6187:Macro-Gunwinyguan
6164:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6064:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5589:Kanyara–Mantharta
5525:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5365:
5364:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5218:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4873:Mbariman-Gudhinma
4346:Bates 1914, p.68.
4295:Bates 1914, p.66.
3608:(25th ed., 2022)
3433:978-0-522-84459-7
3390:Nyoongar Wordlist
3176:Curtin University
2909:
2908:
2794:
2793:
2601:
2589:
2588:
2570:, "crow species"
2562:species or family
2450:, "getting dark"
2088:grammatical tense
2047:
2046:
2000:/ɟ/; similar to "
1992:darbal (estuary)
1946:
1931:
1930:
1480:, the freshwater
1464:, or more widely
1348:
1347:
1095:
1094:
974:, is produced by
898:
843:Charmaine Bennell
827:Curtin University
823:Western Australia
796:
795:
657:Current situation
607:⟨h⟩
603:⟨f⟩
599:⟨c⟩
556:Robert Menli Lyon
552:Swan River Colony
461:dialect continuum
411:Western Australia
399:dialect continuum
327:
326:
234:Individual codes:
48:Western Australia
16:(Redirected from
6458:
6446:Noongar language
6192:
6191:
6183:
6182:
6170:
6169:
6089:
6088:
6075:
6074:
5888:
5887:
5872:
5871:
5732:
5731:
5716:
5715:
5547:
5546:
5531:
5530:
5356:Kuurn Kopan Noot
5352:Dhauwurd Wurrung
5282:
5281:
5245:
5244:
5229:
5228:
5180:Pallanganmiddang
4912:
4911:
4896:
4895:
4791:Aghu Tharrnggala
4530:
4529:
4517:
4516:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4391:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4359:
4356:
4347:
4344:
4335:
4332:
4323:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4255:
4248:
4242:
4235:
4229:
4222:
4216:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4172:
4166:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3548:
3542:
3535:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3140:
3134:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3076:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3036:
3009:
2987:
2977:
2969:
2925:(lit. "kangaroo
2924:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2816:
2815:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2649:
2648:
2602:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2250:, "in the tree"
2249:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2227:grammatical case
2212:
2206:
2198:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2165:
2153:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2102:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1537:
1533:
1516:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1479:
1473:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1344:
1335:
1328:
1312:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1102:
1101:
1089:
1073:
1064:
1050:
1041:
1010:
1009:
980:Bell Shakespeare
899:
778:
759:
697:
666:
665:
608:
604:
600:
422:Matthew Flinders
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
323:
309:
292:
275:
268:
261:
254:
247:
240:
232:– inclusive code
231:
226:
206:
135:
32:
31:
21:
18:Nyungar language
6466:
6465:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6421:
6393:
6356:
6325:
6259:
6223:
6177:
6156:
6135:
6083:
6061:
6018:
5995:Wangka-Yutjurru
5942:
5914:
5882:
5858:
5830:
5807:
5771:
5753:
5726:
5702:
5674:
5606:
5583:
5541:
5517:
5484:
5461:
5403:
5361:
5333:
5299:Dja Dja Wurrung
5280:
5266:
5239:
5215:
5184:
5156:
5103:
5075:
5052:
5019:
4976:
4943:
4906:
4882:
4858:Flinders Island
4841:
4810:
4769:
4748:
4700:
4696:Guugu Yimidhirr
4674:
4653:
4605:
4589:
4555:Arritinngithigh
4540:Adithinngithigh
4524:
4522:Paman languages
4511:
4506:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4401:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4371:
4362:
4357:
4350:
4345:
4338:
4333:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4258:
4249:
4245:
4236:
4232:
4223:
4219:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4176:Blake, Barry J.
4173:
4169:
4159:
4155:
4145:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4124:. 6 March 2009.
4113:
4112:
4105:
4069:
4065:
4021:
4017:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3760:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3740:on 7 March 2016
3732:
3731:
3727:
3714:
3712:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3566:
3562:
3549:
3545:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3434:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3386:
3382:
3367:
3363:
3347:
3341:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3241:on 8 April 2020
3238:
3224:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3126:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3045:, changed from
3037:
3033:
3028:
3016:
3002:
2959:
2935:
2632:
2591:
2430:, "like a dog"
2307:noon-an kabarli
2220:
2196:karamb ngaarnga
2137:, "should eat")
2080:
2052:
2008:
2007:djen (foot) or
1938:
1936:
1356:
1100:
1008:
1000:
988:
939:
894:
892:
835:
812:
774:
771:
755:
745:
698:
695:Language family
693:
684:
683:Native speakers
664:
659:
636:Wilfrid Douglas
606:
602:
598:
531:
459:(or possibly a
453:
452:
451:
430:
366:
362:
337:
333:
319:
305:
288:
285:
271:
270:
264:
263:
257:
256:
250:
249:
243:
242:
236:
235:
233:
229:
222:
207:
202:
170:Mineng (Minang)
157:
136:
133:Language family
131:
122:
121:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6464:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6431:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6403:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6370:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6200:
6198:
6189:
6179:
6178:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6147:Lower Burdekin
6143:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6085:
6084:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
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6062:
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6054:
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6019:
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6011:
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6009:
6006:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5938:Lower Arrernte
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5910:Western Desert
5907:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5884:
5883:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5781:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5763:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5728:
5727:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5593:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5553:
5543:
5542:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5349:
5343:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5241:
5240:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5206:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
5203:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5158:
5157:
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5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4908:
4907:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4734:Kuuk Thaayorre
4731:
4730:
4729:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
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4607:
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4577:
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4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
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4536:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4447:
4446:External links
4444:
4441:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4360:
4348:
4336:
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4297:
4288:
4279:
4270:
4256:
4243:
4230:
4217:
4204:
4195:
4188:
4167:
4153:
4127:
4103:
4063:
4015:
4003:
3992:. 12 July 2019
3981:
3960:
3919:
3894:
3868:
3851:Radio National
3833:
3808:
3780:
3751:
3725:
3695:
3668:
3642:
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3589:
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3560:
3543:
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3486:
3462:
3432:
3405:
3398:
3380:
3361:
3332:
3302:
3295:
3277:
3252:
3228:"Noongarpedia"
3215:
3189:
3160:
3135:
3117:
3092:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3001:
3000:Interrogatives
2998:
2980:
2979:
2971:
2958:
2955:
2934:
2931:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
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2833:
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2825:
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2819:
2798:
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2792:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2631:
2628:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2550:, "very good"
2543:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2492:
2491:
2490:, "with food"
2483:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2407:moorditj-abiny
2403:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2343:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2300:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2200:
2186:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2139:
2138:
2124:
2110:
2079:
2076:
2058:in that it is
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2009:nortj (death)
2005:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:English sound
1957:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1849:
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1841:
1840:
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1833:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1817:
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1813:
1809:
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1805:
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1800:
1797:
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1777:
1776:
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1769:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1745:
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1741:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1681:
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1677:
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1669:
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1633:
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1625:
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1621:
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1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
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1304:
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1300:
1294:
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1286:
1279:
1272:
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1268:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
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1083:
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1075:
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1035:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1004:
999:
996:
987:
984:
968:Perth Festival
938:
935:
891:
888:
847:Glenys Collard
834:
831:
811:
808:
794:
793:
788:
780:
779:
772:
767:
764:
763:
760:
752:
751:
750:Language codes
747:
746:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:
739:
738:
737:
736:
735:
734:
733:
701:
699:
692:
689:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:
675:
671:
670:
663:
660:
658:
655:
628:Gerhardt Laves
554:, for example
530:
527:
519:Norman Tindale
491:Kartu subgroup
433:
432:
431:
429:
426:
325:
324:
317:
311:
310:
303:
295:
294:
286:
281:
278:
277:
227:
219:
218:
217:Language codes
214:
213:
208:
204:Writing system
201:
198:
197:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
163:
159:
158:
156:
155:
154:
153:
139:
137:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6463:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6072:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6015:
6012:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5717:
5713:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5417:Adnyamathanha
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5257:Yabula-Yabula
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5058:Gumbaynggiric
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:Gureng Gureng
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4897:
4893:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Gugu Yalandyi
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4498:
4496:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4435:
4426:
4417:
4408:
4399:
4397:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4343:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4319:
4310:
4301:
4292:
4283:
4274:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4253:
4247:
4240:
4234:
4227:
4221:
4214:
4208:
4199:
4191:
4189:0-207-14044-8
4185:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4123:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4007:
3991:
3985:
3970:
3964:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3904:
3898:
3882:
3875:
3873:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3756:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3722:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3585:
3583:9781920843595
3579:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3556:
3555:
3547:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3524:
3518:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3466:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3401:
3399:9781920843595
3395:
3391:
3384:
3377:(4): 433–486.
3376:
3372:
3365:
3358:(2): 213–78 .
3357:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3321:. 5 June 2019
3320:
3316:
3312:
3311:"Njunga (WA)"
3306:
3298:
3296:9781741312331
3292:
3288:
3281:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3203:
3202:ABC Education
3199:
3193:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3071:
3055:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3008:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2943:reduplication
2940:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2922:boyak yaakiny
2921:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2567:bwardong-mart
2564:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:moorn-boorong
2444:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2270:, "for meat"
2268:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2213:, "just ate")
2211:
2210:gori ngaarnga
2205:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:gorah gaarnga
2177:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:boorda ngaarn
2101:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:agglutinating
2057:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:Nyunga sound
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1934:Pronunciation
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1003:
995:
993:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:
959:
958:Shakespearean
954:
952:
948:
944:
943:Gina Williams
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
904:
887:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
856:, a standard
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
830:
828:
824:
819:
817:
807:
805:
801:
792:
789:
787:
786:
781:
777:
773:
770:
769:Linguist List
765:
761:
758:
753:
748:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
723:
721:
720:
719:
716:
715:
714:
713:West Germanic
711:
710:
709:
706:
705:
704:
703:Indo-European
700:
696:
690:
686:
680:
676:
672:
667:
654:
650:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:Moore's diary
621:
617:
616:
610:
595:
590:
586:
582:
581:
580:Perth Gazette
575:
573:
569:
568:Carnac Island
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
545:
540:
536:
529:Documentation
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
502:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
477:
472:
468:
466:
462:
458:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:OpenStreetMap
425:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
390:
361:
355:
331:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
302:
301:
296:
291:
287:
284:
283:Linguist List
279:
274:
267:
260:
253:
246:
239:
228:
225:
220:
215:
212:
209:
205:
199:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
164:
160:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
138:
134:
128:
124:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6321:Anindilyakwa
6081:Pama–Nyungan
6035:Bulloo River
6014:Yandruwandha
6001:Wilson River
5880:Pama–Nyungan
5792:Yindjilandji
5736:Ngumpin–Yapa
5724:Pama–Nyungan
5665:Yindjibarndi
5630:Martuthunira
5539:Pama–Nyungan
5512:
5371:Lower Murray
5237:Pama–Nyungan
4904:Pama–Nyungan
4686:Barrow Point
4434:
4425:
4416:
4407:
4386:
4377:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4251:
4246:
4238:
4233:
4225:
4220:
4212:
4207:
4198:
4179:
4170:
4160:
4156:
4144:. Retrieved
4136:"Kodj (axe)"
4130:
4118:
4080:. New York:
4076:
4066:
4028:
4018:
4006:
3994:. Retrieved
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3963:
3939:(1): 22–37.
3936:
3932:
3922:
3910:. Retrieved
3897:
3885:. Retrieved
3859:. Retrieved
3854:
3846:
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:
3771:. Retrieved
3742:. Retrieved
3738:the original
3728:
3720:
3713:. Retrieved
3708:
3698:
3686:. Retrieved
3681:
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:
3620:
3603:
3569:
3563:
3553:
3546:
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3498:
3489:
3479:– via
3473:
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3417:
3408:
3389:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3355:
3351:
3323:. Retrieved
3314:
3305:
3286:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3264:
3255:
3243:. Retrieved
3236:the original
3232:RTR FM Radio
3231:
3206:. Retrieved
3201:
3192:
3180:. Retrieved
3175:
3151:. Retrieved
3138:
3108:. Retrieved
3084:
3074:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3003:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2960:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2936:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2799:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2487:mereny-kadak
2427:dwert-mokiny
2282:instrumental
2224:
2221:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2140:
2134:doora ngaarn
2085:
2081:
2053:
2033:
2018:
2001:
1986:
1971:
1522:
1484:
1459:
1420:
1402:
1400:
1368:(south) and
1357:
1349:
1001:
989:
971:
961:
955:
940:
919:Noongarpedia
908:
903:Noongarpedia
890:Noongarpedia
877:
866:
851:
836:
820:
813:
803:
797:
790:
783:
730:
677:SW Australia
651:
647:Kellerberrin
642:
640:
613:
611:
584:
578:
576:
559:
549:
542:
532:
503:
488:
481:
464:
454:
419:
359:
329:
328:
298:
150:
141:Pama–Nyungan
29:
6342:Kungarakany
6264:Gunwinyguan
6250:Warndarrang
6050:Barranbinja
5986:Pitta Pitta
5849:Mayi-Kutuna
5813:Kalkatungic
5698:Nyangumarta
5670:Yinhawangka
5480:Ngadjunmaya
5394:Yitha-Yitha
5324:Wemba Wemba
5309:Madhi-Madhi
5304:Ledji-Ledji
5175:Gunaikurnai
5066:Kumbainggar
4827:Mbara-Yanga
4796:Ikarranggal
4644:Wik-Ngathan
4639:Wik-Mungkan
4624:Kugu-Muminh
4034:John Murray
3996:14 February
3974:14 February
3635:23 December
3371:CALMScience
3270:17 February
3245:19 December
2884:3rd person
2858:2nd person
2832:1st person
2802:dual number
2660:Possessive
2402:translative
2154:, "eating")
2120:mila ngaarn
1871:tyinanginy
1521:. The word
1511:. The word
1380:(south) or
1320:Approximant
992:mobile apps
986:Mobile apps
911:Len Collard
858:orthography
816:2016 census
804:Neo-Nyungar
802:, known as
731:Neo-Nyungar
669:Neo-Nyungar
662:Neo-Nyungar
523:Ngadjunmaya
448:Lake Monger
293:Juat (Yuat)
185:Yuat (Juat)
6440:Categories
6316:Nunggubuyu
6306:Rembarrnga
6296:Kunbarlang
6240:Mangarrayi
6196:Maningrida
6005:Bundhamara
5991:Wanggamala
5975:Yarluyandi
5844:Mayi-Kulan
5821:Kalkatungu
5798:Warluwarra
5777:Warluwaric
5655:Nyiyaparli
5409:Thura-Yura
5347:Bungandidj
5319:Wathaurong
5201:Bandjalang
5122:Darkinjung
5109:Yuin–Kuric
5089:Gamilaraay
5081:Wiradhuric
4982:Waka–Kabic
4878:Umbindhamu
4744:Yir-Yoront
4728:Ogh-Undjan
4670:Morrobolam
4550:Anguthimri
4545:Andjingith
4165:, p 1,459.
4098:Q128041316
4058:Q128038330
4032:. London:
3912:26 January
3887:26 January
3630:Ethnologue
3605:Ethnologue
3481:Wikisource
3261:"Language"
3066:References
2933:Adjectives
2691:he/she/it
2547:kwaba-djil
2527:bilya-koop
2482:comitative
2467:bwoka-broo
2422:semblative
2347:keba-koorl
2064:Word order
2041:malleefowl
1887:paranginy
1466:in English
1407:, such as
1354:Vocabulary
1108:Peripheral
1098:Consonants
951:Moon River
884:Cannington
869:South West
583:published
507:Njakinjaki
444:Perth Oval
440:Swan River
85:Njakinjaki
65:Ballardong
6412:Gunindiri
6374:Kayardild
6301:Ngalakgan
6286:Kunwinjku
6214:Gurr-goni
6209:Ndjébbana
6126:Ritharrŋu
6030:Baagandji
5826:Yalarnnga
5767:Warumungu
5759:Warumungu
5688:Karajarri
5602:Mantharta
5579:Yinggarda
5508:Natingero
5503:Kalaamaya
5422:Barngarla
5384:Ngayawung
5314:Wadi-Wadi
5278:Kolakngat
5249:Yotayotic
5170:Dhudhuroa
5162:Gippsland
5142:Ngunnawal
5132:Dhanggati
5099:Wiradjuri
5094:Ngiyambaa
5025:Durubalic
5000:Gabi-Gabi
4990:Barunggam
4934:Warrgamay
4916:Dyirbalic
4837:Walangama
4719:Kok Thawa
4714:Koko-Bera
4706:Southwest
4658:Lamalamic
4649:Wik-Ompom
4634:Wik-Me'nh
4594:Northeast
4575:Ndrangith
4454:, at the
4254:. p.xvii.
4241:(2012): 3
4050:20053610M
3792:"History"
3626:"English"
3455:25 August
3442:1833-7538
3039:ISO 639-3
2821:Fraternal
2736:baalabang
2729:baalabany
2387:keba-ngat
2262:purposive
2151:ngaarniny
2072:varieties
1997:DJ or TJ
1756:eaglehawk
1623:tyarliny
1519:stone axe
1509:karrikins
1448:karlupgur
1409:Joondalup
1360:bandicoot
1145:Retroflex
998:Phonology
947:lullabies
931:bilingual
854:Marribank
800:admixture
785:Glottolog
757:ISO 639-3
605:and that
594:Busselton
511:Kalaamaya
484:varieties
476:varieties
300:Glottolog
224:ISO 639-3
194:?Pinjarup
97:Pindjarup
53:Ethnicity
6347:Wardaman
6337:Gaagudju
6276:Uwinymil
6045:Muruwari
5933:Kaytetye
5928:Arrernte
5721:Northern
5660:Panyjima
5612:Ngayarta
5559:Badimaya
5447:Ngadjuri
5437:Narungga
5294:Bunurong
5262:Yotayota
5234:Southern
5147:Tharawal
5117:Awabakal
5015:Wuliwuli
5010:Wakawaka
4972:Warrongo
4929:Nyawaygi
4868:Kok Narr
4853:Djabugay
4832:Mbabaram
4815:Southern
4739:Kuuk Yak
4679:Yalanjic
4665:Lamalama
4619:Ayabadhu
4560:Awngthim
4178:(1981).
4094:Wikidata
4074:(1939).
4054:Wikidata
4026:(1938).
3861:19 April
3847:ABC News
3826:19 April
3801:19 April
3744:30 April
3709:ABC News
3682:ABC News
3450:70677943
3014:See also
2957:Negation
2827:Marital
2824:Paternal
2684:nganyang
2677:nganyany
2630:Pronouns
2584:ergative
2542:emphatic
2502:used-for
2462:abessive
2437:-boorong
2397:-(a)biny
2382:adessive
2362:ablative
2342:illative
2327:boorn-ap
2322:place-of
2302:genitive
2267:daatj-ak
2247:boorn-ak
2242:locative
2163:ngaarnga
2032:/ŋ/; "si
2024:nyungar
2017:/ɲ/; "ca
1879:kurliny
1863:nyininy
1791:malyern
1767:wartang
1759:warlity
1724:kangaroo
1631:ngorlak
1551:nyungar
1543:Nyungar
1529:macropod
1482:crayfish
1417:Manjimup
1362:include
1140:Alveolar
990:Several
960:tragedy
708:Germanic
539:Whittell
535:Serventy
457:subgroup
393:) is an
307:nyun1247
179:Wardandi
162:Dialects
101:Wardandi
93:Pibelmen
6399:Garrwan
6366:Tangkic
6352:Wagiman
6291:Dalabon
6219:Nakkara
6204:Burarra
5971:Ngamini
5966:Mithaka
5956:Arabana
5920:Arandic
5877:Central
5803:Yanyuwa
5789:Bularnu
5749:Ngumbin
5744:Ngarrga
5693:Mangala
5680:Marrngu
5645:Nhuwala
5625:Kurrama
5620:Jurruru
5597:Kanyara
5574:Wajarri
5564:Malgana
5536:Western
5513:Nyungar
5498:Galaagu
5490:Nyungic
5475:Mirning
5467:Mirniny
5457:Wirangu
5389:Yaralde
5379:Keramin
5272:Kulinic
5137:Ngarigo
5048:Turrbal
5043:Nunukul
4967:Kingkel
4957:Bidjara
4939:Wulguru
4924:Dyirbal
4901:Eastern
4822:Agwamin
4806:Thaypan
4801:Takalak
4786:Angkula
4781:Alungul
4774:Thaypan
4765:Kuthant
4760:Kurtjar
4629:Pakanha
4570:Mbiywom
4565:Luthigh
3325:14 June
3153:10 July
3043:Nyungar
2994:without
2918:yongka
2806:kinship
2788:ngalang
2781:ngalany
2762:noonang
2755:noonany
2748:noonook
2710:baalang
2703:baalany
2654:Subject
2417:-mokiny
2367:kep-ool
2297:-an/ang
2287:kitj-al
2050:Grammar
2004:ewish"
1956:Letter
1927:kutyal
1855:yakiny
1839:marany
1775:ngangk
1735:kelang
1727:yongka
1655:kopurl
1652:stomach
1607:twangk
1567:ngangk
1540:English
1425:Ongerup
1266:Lateral
1152:Plosive
1135:Palatal
1113:Laminal
1021:Central
963:Macbeth
839:Northam
814:On the
776:eng-neo
722:English
415:adopted
407:country
403:Noongar
360:Nyungar
358:; also
330:Noongar
315:AIATSIS
191:Whadjuk
188:Wiilman
151:Noongar
146:Nyungic
113:Wudjari
109:Wiilman
105:Whadjuk
73:Kaneang
57:Noongar
40:Nyungar
35:Noongar
6417:Waanyi
6407:Garrwa
6384:Minkin
6379:Lardil
6311:Ngandi
6271:Jawoyn
6152:Bindal
6121:Djinaŋ
6116:Djinba
6106:Dhuwal
6079:Other
6057:Yardli
5961:Diyari
5948:Karnic
5905:Wanman
5900:Ngardi
5854:Ngawun
5785:Wagaya
5650:Nyamal
5635:Ngarla
5569:Nhanda
5452:Nukunu
5432:Kuyani
5427:Kaurna
5211:Yidiny
5196:Anewan
5127:Dharug
5071:Yaygir
5038:Janday
4995:Dappil
4863:Gugadj
4753:Norman
4724:Kunjen
4601:Umpila
4585:Uradhi
4580:Ngkoth
4228:pp.77.
4186:
4146:8 July
4142:. 2019
4096:
4090:832094
4088:
4056:
4048:
4042:621612
4040:
3855:Awaye!
3715:4 July
3688:4 July
3661:9 July
3600:Nyunga
3580:
3507:22 May
3476:
3448:
3440:
3430:
3396:
3293:
3208:9 July
3182:9 July
3178:. 2022
3110:2 July
3047:Nyunga
3007:kannah
2896:bulala
2851:nganik
2774:ngalak
2722:baalap
2657:Object
2477:-kadak
2337:-koorl
2190:karamb
2100:boorda
2092:aspect
2039:ngow (
1985:/d/; "
1970:/b/; "
1903:ngany
1783:miyak
1740:spider
1732:possum
1711:twert
1695:kwety
1668:faeces
1644:breast
1620:tongue
1591:miyel
1572:father
1564:mother
1524:quokka
1504:karrik
1498:gidgee
1492:gidgie
1489:, and
1477:jilgie
1471:gilgie
1454:karlup
1413:Nannup
1371:quenda
1365:quernt
1298:Rhotic
1125:Labial
1118:Apical
1006:Vowels
972:Hecate
718:Anglic
674:Region
632:Albany
515:Njunga
495:Nhanda
89:Njunga
81:Mineng
77:Koreng
61:Amangu
45:Region
6330:Other
6281:Waray
6255:Yugul
6245:Marra
6235:Alawa
6140:Other
6131:Nhaŋu
6111:Djaŋu
6101:Dhaŋu
6093:Yolŋu
6023:Other
5981:Ngura
5551:Kartu
5339:Drual
5286:Kulin
5189:Other
5152:Wormi
5033:Guwar
4949:Maric
4846:Other
4533:North
3906:(PDF)
3773:1 May
3348:(PDF)
3147:(PDF)
3041:uses
3026:Notes
2975:yuada
2903:bulen
2877:nubin
2870:nubal
2863:nubal
2844:ngala
2837:ngali
2717:they
2670:ngany
2577:-(i)l
2557:-mart
2537:-djil
2517:-koop
2457:-broo
2377:-ngat
2317:-(a)p
2277:-(a)l
2257:-(a)k
2237:-(a)k
2218:Nouns
2176:gorah
2128:doora
2078:Verbs
1974:ook"
1919:keny
1911:nyun
1852:stand
1847:taty
1828:smoke
1823:karl
1804:water
1796:stone
1751:wety
1719:nurn
1716:snake
1703:ngup
1700:blood
1687:tyin
1679:yaty
1676:thigh
1671:kwun
1663:kump
1660:urine
1628:tooth
1612:mouth
1599:muly
1556:woman
1389:kaall
1224:Nasal
1130:Velar
1016:Front
978:with
873:Perth
564:Yagan
211:Latin
5892:Wati
5836:Mayi
5442:Nauo
5399:Yuyu
4962:Biri
4184:ISBN
4148:2021
4122:News
4086:OCLC
4038:OCLC
3998:2024
3976:2024
3914:2020
3889:2020
3863:2021
3828:2021
3803:2021
3775:2016
3746:2016
3717:2022
3690:2022
3663:2022
3637:2022
3578:ISBN
3509:2017
3457:2011
3446:OCLC
3438:ISSN
3428:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3327:2021
3291:ISBN
3272:2018
3247:2015
3210:2022
3184:2022
3155:2022
3112:2022
2990:less
2967:bart
2947:very
2920:baal
2889:bula
2743:you
2696:baal
2497:-mit
2357:-ool
2204:gori
2146:-iny
2114:mila
2021:on"
1989:og"
1844:meat
1836:food
1831:puy
1820:fire
1815:may
1812:camp
1807:kep
1799:poy
1788:star
1780:moon
1764:crow
1743:kar
1692:bone
1684:foot
1647:pip
1639:mar
1636:hand
1615:tya
1596:nose
1583:kat
1580:head
1575:mam
1559:yok
1514:kodj
1415:and
1395:karl
1383:kapi
1377:käip
1033:High
1026:Back
923:wiki
871:and
791:None
589:Grey
537:and
499:Widi
446:and
69:Yued
4611:Wik
3949:hdl
3941:doi
3602:at
3128:W41
3086:ABC
2992:or
2985:bru
2951:jil
2939:jin
2769:we
2640:any
2636:ang
2624:gar
2620:man
2158:-ga
2090:or
2029:NG
2014:NY
1924:two
1916:one
1908:you
1892:hit
1884:get
1868:see
1860:sit
1772:sun
1748:emu
1708:dog
1604:ear
1588:eye
1548:man
1495:or
1474:or
1457:).
1442:ker
1439:or
1436:ger
1430:gur
1421:-up
1404:-up
1392:to
1079:Low
1056:Mid
953:".
618:by
541:'s
501:.)
397:or
386:ɑːr
351:ɑːr
321:W41
290:qsz
273:xwj
266:pnj
259:wxw
252:xbp
245:xrg
238:xgg
230:nys
6442::
4395:^
4363:^
4351:^
4339:^
4327:^
4259:^
4138:.
4117:.
4106:^
4092:.
4084:.
4052:.
4046:OL
4044:.
4036:.
3947:.
3937:32
3935:.
3931:.
3871:^
3849:.
3845:.
3819:.
3794:.
3783:^
3766:.
3754:^
3719:.
3707:.
3680:.
3653:.
3628:.
3592:^
3576:.
3530:^
3497:.
3444:.
3436:.
3426:.
3416:.
3373:.
3354:.
3350:.
3335:^
3317:.
3313:.
3263:.
3230:.
3218:^
3200:.
3174:.
3163:^
3120:^
3095:^
3083:.
2996:.
2953:.
2927:it
2665:I
2612:.
2610:ak
2094:.
2043:)
2036:"
2034:ng
2019:ny
1982:D
1967:B
1876:go
1433:,
1411:,
1398:.
886:.
525:.
442:,
111:,
107:,
103:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
87:,
83:,
79:,
75:,
71:,
67:,
63:,
4501:e
4494:t
4487:v
4192:.
4150:.
4100:.
4060:.
4000:.
3978:.
3957:.
3951::
3943::
3916:.
3891:.
3865:.
3857:)
3853:(
3830:.
3805:.
3777:.
3748:.
3692:.
3665:.
3639:.
3586:.
3483:.
3459:.
3402:.
3375:3
3356:7
3329:.
3299:.
3274:.
3249:.
3212:.
3186:.
3157:.
3114:.
3089:.
2002:j
1987:d
1972:b
1900:I
1342:ɻ
1333:j
1326:w
1310:r
1290:ɭ
1283:l
1276:ʎ
1258:ɳ
1251:n
1244:ɲ
1237:ŋ
1230:m
1216:ʈ
1213:/
1210:ɖ
1203:t
1200:/
1197:d
1190:c
1187:/
1184:ɟ
1177:k
1174:/
1171:ɡ
1164:p
1161:/
1158:b
1087:a
1071:o
1062:e
1048:u
1039:i
762:–
389:/
383:ɡ
380:ŋ
377:ʊ
374:j
371:n
368:ˈ
365:/
354:/
348:ŋ
345:ʊ
342:n
339:ˈ
336:/
332:(
115:)
59:(
20:)
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