Kadazan-Dusun - Knowledge

3114:/ which they shared with Northern Dusun and Ulu Sugut Dusun when they still a single group who stayed in Nunuk Ragang at the time Kadazan, Rungus, and East Dusun left. As the last group to migrate, they found out that to the east, North, south, and West of Nunuk Ragang was already populated. Eventually they choose to go westward, pass-crossed the Talantang settlement in Ranau and Tambunan, then found unpopulated places near the coast at the upper reach of Kadamaian and Tuaran rivers. There is a story of the origin of Tagahas and Tangara enmity: it is said that before Tangara moved to Penampang plain from Nunuk Ragang, they promised to mark their way so the Tagahas can follow it to join them in the next later. But the Tangara changed their marks cused the following Tagahas behind reached other places, the hilly Ulu Tuaran. So the angry Tagahas began to hate the Tangara. This story is very interesting because we can assume that the Tangara must be also Central Dusun-speaking tribe if they migrate at the same time with Central Dusun-speaking Tagahas. The Tangara eventually assimilated with the Kadazan and their dialect influenced the Kadazan, making it similar to Central Dusun. This theory explaining why Kadazan is mutually-intelligible with Central Dusun. 373:, who was a Malay to refer to the ethnic groups of inland farmers in present-day Sabah. Since most of the west coast of North Borneo was under the influence of the Sultan of Indonesia, taxes called 'Duis' (also referred to as the 'River Tax' on the area of southeast of North Borneo) were collected by the sultanate from the 'Orang Dusun', or 'Dusun people'. Hence, since 1881, after the establishment of the British North Borneo Company, the British administration categorised the linguistically similar, 12 main and 33 sub-tribes collectively as 'Dusun' though among themselves they are simply known in their own dialect as just "human" or in their Bobolian term "kadayan" or "kadazan" (in Tangaa version). The Tambanuo and Bagahak, who had converted to Islam for religious reasons, had preferred to be called "Sungei" and "Idaan" respectively although they come from the same sub-tribes. It was also suggested that "Orang Dusun" or "Dusun People" also being used as a term to refer to the forest-dwellers, and farming primitive tribes in the interior of northern Borneo. The usage of this term was then continued by the North Borneo Chartered Company and British colonial governments. 2754:

region, while Lotud, though spoken in the central part, is Bisayic in origin. Bisayic languages only partially intelligible with Dusun languages, but all Southern Dusun tribes are able to speaks Bunduliwan and today highly influenced by the standard dialect. For example, Lotud is Bisayic but now mutually-intelligible with Central Dusun due to language adoption and long period of interaction with the Central Dusun people as they live side by side for no shorter than 200 years. Gana, the language speaks by the Dusun Gana tribe is Murutic and probably a variant of Northern Murut dialect of Nabai, but now highly influenced by Dusun language which they can fluently speak. Kwijau, who native speaker live side by side with the Gana in Bingkor, Keningau, also found in Papar and Membakut where they amalgamated with Kadazan. Tatana and Bisaya are two varieties of a same language. Bisaya-Tatana language showed some similarities with Murut language, making it likely an intermediate between Dusunic and Murutic. Southern Dusun dialects spokes by approximately 30,000 Bisaya, 15,000 Tatana, 20,000 Kwijau, 10,000 Gana and 35,000 Lotud.

3051:/. However, today Rungus are related to Northern Dusun languages such as Tobilung and Kimaragang while Kadazan is highly-mutually intelligible with Central Dusun. This is because Rungus and Northern Dusun language live near to each other around Marudu Bay (Northern Dusun arrived there later when Rungus already populated the area) causing often contacts or assimilation between the two groups. Over time, Rungus and Northern Dusun languages developed similarity in accent. Another evidence of why Rungus-Northern Dusun similar in accent can be explained by Minokok-Tompizes proposed theory of origin. Minokok-Tompizes are considered a dialect of Rungus. The tribe maybe a small group of Kota Marudu Rungus who moved south to avoid violent contact with newly arrived Northern Dusun group or possibly to run from it and reached Ulu Kinabatangan. While the Rungus in the north developed similarity in accent with the Northern Dusun, Minokok-Tompizes retained their original accent. That is why Rungus and Minokok are similar in vocabulary but different in accent. 310:

approach to resolve the "Kadazan versus Dusun" conflicts that had impeded the growth and development of the Kadazandusun since "Kadazan versus Dusun" sentiments were politicised in the early 1960s. It was the best alternative generic identity as well as the most appropriate approach in resolving the "Kadazan versus Dusun" conflicts. Although this action is seen as the best alternative to resolving the ongoing "Kadazan versus Dusun" conflicts since the 1960s, its positive effect is only seen by the year 2000 to the present day when the new generation is no longer in the "Kadazan versus Dusun" feudalism mentality. The unification has since strengthened the ties and brought the Kadazandusun community together as an ethnic group towards more positive and prosperous growth in terms of urbanisation, sociocultural, economic and political development.

1503: 773:, Kadazandusun ethnic belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup of O2-P31 (O-268), which she believes plays an important role in the modern Malay genome sequence. O2-P31 is a mutation product of M214 as a maternal haplogroup with the following mutation sequences: M214> M175> P31> O2. This study was also validated by a genetic study group from National Geographic that revealed STR test results through samples taken from Kadazandusun residents of Belud City in 2011. The STR results were: DYS393: 15 DYS439: 12 DYS388: 12 DYS385a: 16 DYS19: 15 DYS389-1: 13 DYS390: 25 DYS385b: 20 DYS391: 11 DYS389-2: NaN DYS426: 11 DYS392: 13, which explains the specific composition of the Y chromosome according to the Y-DNA haplogroup of O2-P31 (O-M268). Mutation sequences for O2-P31 are shown in the Phylogenetic tree below. 343:). The derived term was speculated as a reference to townies, or communities living near shops. This has also been explained in an article by Richard Francis Tunggolou. However, there is evidence that the term has been used long before the 1950s. According to Owen Rutter (The Pagans of North Borneo, 1929, p31), "The Dusun usually describes himself generically as a tulun Tindal (landsman), or on the West Coast, particularly at Papar, as a Kadazan". Rutter started working in Sabah from 1910, and left Sabah in 1914. During this time interval, both Penampang and Papar district was yet to be developed as towns, therefore rejects the derivation theory altogether. To seek better information of the true meaning of the term "Kadazan", two high priestesses of Borneo or locally referred to as 3095:/ in their lexicons. Northern Dusun choose to settled around Kota Marudu today, where they contacted with the Rungus already settled there and developed similarity in accent with the latter. The original Northern Dusun accent may be the same with Ulu Sugut Dusun which can be proved when we look at the similarity in grammar between Kimaragang and Tinagas dialect in Kota Marudu, the only different is in accent. This is another evidence of Rungus-Northern Dusun merging theory. Talantang group migrated from Nunuk Ragang in two directions, one moved to Trusmadi and the other moved far north to Ulu Sugut. Trusmadi group further spread into Tambunan and the rest of Keningau while Ulu Sugut group further spread in Ranau, Kota Marudu and Paitan where they evolved into various sub-tribes. 1490:

traditional arts, crafts, and designs; traditional sports; traditional wears and costumes. Lately, along with the growing international cooperation of the world's indigenous peoples, indigenous knowledge, intellectual property, and traditional resource rights conservation, enhancement and protection have also become new areas of the KDCA's concern and responsibility. The KDCA fosters unity, friendship, and co-operation among the multi-racial population of Sabah through its participatory cultural programs and celebrations such as the Village, District and State levels Annual "Kaamatan Festival". It has sent Cultural Performance Troupes on goodwill tours to the other Malaysian States, to neighbouring Asian Countries, to Europe, America, Canada and New Zealand.

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Talantang group because Talantang is the largest tribes in this group which also consists of several sub-tribes such as Toriwad, Manampaka, Mukim and Pulutan. Other tribes in this group are Tinagas, Tuhawon, Gobukon, Kogosingan (Ranau and Kota Marudu sides), and Tanggal, Tilau-Ilau, and Pilantong (Paitan side). Ulu Sugut Dusun tribes also found in Tambunan and Keningau because they was the first inhabitants of the districts before moved away or assimilated by Bundu and Liwan tribes. Many Liwan speaking sub-tribes in Ranau and Tambunan such as Bira/Karanaan, Monsok, Gunah, Polupu and Kohub was originally Talantang-speaking. Ulu Sugut Dusun language is intermediate between Kimaragang and Central Dusun. 30,0000 Dusun people speaks Ulu Sugut dialect.

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themselves from the Bajau Sama lived around the lower Tempasuk river near the coast. Group who moved to Tuaran and Kiulu plain are the Bundu. Tribes who remained in the highlands are the Sinulihan and Tagahas. The Tagahas further spread to places nearer to the coast in today Telipok, Menggatal, and Inanam. In Inanam, they assimilated with remaining Tobilung who not migrated to the northern districts. Tagahas also moved to Ulu Papar areas. One group moved back inland to Tambunan, where they engaged in the bloody tribal clash with Bundu-Liwan coalition to control the Tambunan plain. Talantang tribes in Tambunan also divided in the clash; Tibabar sided with Tagahas while Bira/Karangan and Tuhawon supported the Bundu-Liwan.

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groups of Taiwan, the high frequency results of haplogroup M and low frequencies of haplogroups B, E, F and N (insignificant to represent the entire said nation) in the genetics of Kadazandusun ethnicity is enough to refute the theory of Kadazandusun ethnic origin from Taiwan. Kee Boon Pin studies also mentioned that the mtDNA of the Kadazandusun ethnic are more diverse with plenty of variability that is missing which might have depleted (through mutations) in the mtDNA of the Bunun ethnic. Genetic depletion indicates newer mutation from the maternal DNA group. Professor Hirofumi Matsumura, who studies in

1114:(made out of weaved dastar fabric). The decorations and designs of the koubasanan costume are usually varied by region. For example, the koubasanan dress design for Kadazandusun women of Penampang usually comes in a set of sleeveless blouse combined with long skirts and no hats, while the koubasanan dress design for Kadazandusun women of Papar comes in a set of long sleeves blouse combined with knee-length skirts and wore with a siung hat. There are over 40 different designs of the Koubasanan costume across Sabah that belongs to different tribes of the Kadazandusun community. 419: 411: 2895:

impossible that all Dusun languages developed in Nunuk Ragang because the people must be constantly contacted to each other and must using a single language for easy communication, leaving no chances for any new language to developed in that condition. In contrast, migration to different places caused less contact among the Nunuk Ragang people due to geographical distant, paved the ways to new languages to develop separately. Meanwhile, Nunuk Ragang language itself also changed over time within the group of people who stayed in Nunuk Ragang settlement.

2775:: Kinabatangan Paitanic is a grouping of several mutually-intelligible Paitanic languages spoken in Kinabatangan river area across Kinabatangan and Tongod districts, namely Makiang, Sinarupa, Kolobuan, Sinabu, and Rumanau. Makiang dialect is the major language in this group as estimated native speakers of 20,000 people and their language also influenced the Subpan language. Rumanau, also known as Dusun Lobu, is the westernmost Paitanic language as it also spoken in Nunuk Ragang Ranau and Lanas Village in Keningau district. 1015:

is still celebrated as an annual tradition, it is no longer celebrated for the purpose to meet the demands of the ancestral spiritual traditions and customs, but rather in honouring the customs and traditions of the ancestors. Today, Kaamatan is more symbolic as a reunion time with family and loved ones. Domestically, modern Kaamatan is celebrated as per individual personal aspiration with the option of whether or not to serve the Kadazandusun traditional food and drinks which are mostly non-halal.

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Bisayic-speaking people who migrated to Labuk-Sugut region and interacted with Paitanic people that already settled there. This people retained their Bisayic language but also adopted many words of the Paitanic people. Over time, one group of their descendants moved inland into the middle reach of Labuk River and founded the Nunuk Ragang village. In Nunuk Ragang the proto-Dusun language developed but eventually split into various languages and dialects as the result of migration.

1127:) indicating that it is time to change the dance moves. Upon hearing this chant, dancers will raise their hands to the sides of their body and in line with their chest, and move their wrists and arms up and down resembling the movement of a flying bird. There is plenty of choreography of sumazau dance, but the signature dance move of the sumazau will always be the flying bird arms movement, parallel arms swinging back and forth at the sides of the body, and the springing feet. 2712:

Penampang and Papar are generally similar with only slight differences, but the Membakut dialect is distinct as it is a Kadazanised Kwijau. Membakut also known as Kuizou (Kadazan pronunciation for Kwijau). Although Kadazan are not geographically widespread, this language is the second largest Dusunic language as it is spoken by approximately 170,000 people. Sometime Kadazan also considered as dialect of Central Dusun as it is highly mutually-intelligible with Central Dusun.

2088: 6101: 90: 6113: 430:, is a test used to explore genetic ancestry from the mother using mtDNA that is obtained from outside of a nucleus cell that isn't contaminated by the presence of Y-chromosome. According to a study published in 2014, by Kee Boon Pin on 150 volunteers from the Kadazandusun people all over the Sabah region, the Kadazandusun people belongs to 9 302:

various parties desiring a division between the Kadazan and the Dusuns once again. This action only worsened the conflict by developing the "Kadazan or Dusun identity crisis" into "Kadazan versus Dusun feud". It was also a largely successful and a precursor to the fall of the ruling political state party Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS).

1180:) and membranophones (kompang, gendang or tontog). The most common musical instruments in Kadazandusun ceremonies are gong and kulintangan. The gong beats usually varies by regions and districts, and the gong beats that is often played at the official Kaamatan celebration in KDCA is the gong beats from the Penampang district. 722:, with estimated age around 12,700 years. It is even older than most discovered ancient M7 series, and spread throughout the Southeast Asia continent creating more M7 mutation series. The mutation series products from M7b1'2'4'5'6'7'8 are present today in several ethnics including Jakun the aboriginal of 3161:

Mainstream Dusun language means the most widely spoken dialects of Dusun language in Sabah. There are two main dialect of Dusun language: Bundu and Liwan. The two dialect are the easiest to learn and understand among the tribalised Kadazan Dusun people. Usually, Kadazan Dusun people who not belong to

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is the only Dusunic language in the East Coast of Sabah. It sound to be an intermediate between Kadazan, Dusun and Rungus language. Labuk Dusun and Kinabatangan Dusun (both consist of various tribes and sub-tribes) speaks a single language known as Labuk-Kinabatangan Dusun. Other Eastern Dusun-origin

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From its inception in the early 1950s, the KDCA has focused much of its efforts on the preservation, development, enrichment, and promotion of the Kadazandusun multi-ethnic cultures. The KDCA's Triennial Delegates Conference provides a forum where the various Kadazandusun multi-ethnic representatives

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During the old days, Kaamatan was celebrated to give thanks to ancient God and rice spirits for the bountiful harvesting to ensure continuous paddy yield for the next paddy plantation season. Nowadays, the majority of the Kadazandusun people have embraced Christianity and Islam. Although the Kaamatan

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Initially, the purpose of starting the genetic haplogroup lineage was to determine the origin of the human lineage. However, the objective is yet to be verified to this day due to a lack of pure evidences that is free from contamination. The results obtained from genetic studies so far can only prove

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The Kadazan similarity with Central Dusun can be explained with two theories : 1. Like the Rungus case, Kadazan also live near the Central Dusun. Often contacts and inter-marriages make Kadazan and Dusun found the easy way to communicate. 2. Penampang Kadazan are the result of merging of three

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Wave A (Westward group) : Rungus and Kadazan was the earliest groups to migrate out from Nunuk Ragang settlement. It is possible that they initially migrated as a single group before splitting into two: Tangaa' choose to settle in the plain near the coast in Penampang while Rungus moved to Kota

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family which loosely related to Dusunic. Subpan are heavily influenced by the Makiang language. Sagamo are similar to Subpan except it was not influenced by Paitanic languages. Generally Dusun Bonggi, Dusun Subpan, Dusun Sagamo, and Dusun Begak people do not able to speaks mainstream Dusun language.

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are grouping of several related Dusunic languages in northern Sabah districts around the Marudu Bay; namely Rungus, Tobilung, Garo-Luba-Tonduk, and Kimaragang-Sonsogon-Sandayo and Minokok-Tompizos (though only found in Telupid and Tongod, are similar to Rungus). Although Gobukon, Talantang, Tinagas,

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is an annual celebration by the people of Kadazandusun in Sabah. It is a one-month celebration starting from 1 to 31 May. In modern-day of Kaamatan Festival celebration, 30 and 31 May are the climax dates for the state-level celebration that happens at the place of the yearly Kaamatan Festival host.

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Liwan is a group of Central Dusun who did not join the move to near coastal areas where they stayed in upper reach of the Kagibangan river, specifically in one of the river's tributary of the river called Tandilwan. This place located in Tambunan-Ranau border. Liwan was named after this river. This

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Sukau Paitanic consist of a single language called Abai or Sabangan, which is distinct and only partially intelligible with Paitan and Kinabatangan. This is maybe because the language was isolated with the rest of Paitanic dialect as it is surrounded by the Bulu Dupi Ida'an. Abai/Sabangan spoken by

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Bisayic languages group consist of three languages namely Bisaya-Tatana, Kwijau, and Lotud. All Bisayic tribes are Dusun people, except Bisaya. That is why Bisayic-speaking Dusun sometime called as Southern Dusun because Tatana and Kwijau are languages spoken in southern part of Sabah's West Coast

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The title "Huguan Siou" Office is an institutionalized Paramount Leadership of the Koisaan. The power and responsibility to bestow the Kadazandusun Paramount Leadership Title "Huguan Siou" rests with the KDCA, which, upon the vacancy of the Huguan Siou's Office, may hold an Extraordinary Delegate's

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spears, and a taming wood as a shield. This gruesome practice has been banned and no longer practice today. However, there is a rumour saying that primitive Kadazandusun clans living in isolation in the deep jungles are still actively practising the headhunting culture today. Yet, there has been no

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In the olden times, a Kadazandusun man's pride and power were measured by his courage and physical strength in combat, as well as the number of heads of fallen enemies that were brought home. The "rule of thumb" for headhunting practice was that the defeated enemy had to be alive during the time of

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through the sharing of Haplogroup N as the fundamental DNA. However, in his studies published in 1979, S.G. Tan did not emphasise the significant of this finding to the Out Of Taiwan theory due to the very small percentage of Haplogroup N found in the Kadazandusun test subjects that is insufficient

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There is no proper historical record that exists pertaining to the origins of the term or its originator. Between the late 1950s and early 1960s, the term "Kadazan" has always been theorised by local folks as derivatives from the word "kakadazan" which means towns, or "kadai" which means shops, the

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derived from Bundu and Liwan, the two main dialect of Central Dusun. Usually all other Kadazan Dusun tribes including Kadazan, Rungus, and Orang Sungai use either Bundu or Liwan when conversing with Central Dusun speaker. Other dialects of Central Dusun language are Tindal, Sinulihan, and Tagahas;

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family. Dusunic split into two branches, Dusun and Bisayic. Dusun branch further split into five group or dialects: Coastal Dusun, Central Dusun, Northern Dusun, Upper Sugut Dusun, and Eastern Dusun; which are mutually-intelligible among each other. Dusunic languages speaker when combined numbered

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or Talantangic are a group of Central Dusunic sub-tribes that mainly resides in the Ulu Sugut river delta around the borders of Kota Marudu, Beluran, Telupid and also Ranau in the tripoint area of the West Coast, Sandakan and also Kudat divisions, but are also found in Keningau as well as Tambunan

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According to Ken-ichi Shinoda in his study published in November 2014, the Bunun ethnic have the mtDNA of haplogroup B (41.5%), followed by F (30.3%), E (23.6%), M (3.4%) and N (1.1%). Although the Kadazandusun ethnic group shared some of maternal mtDNA haplogroups with the Bunun and Paiwan ethnic

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According to a Genome-wide SNP genotypic data studies by human genetics research team from University Malaysia Sabah (2018), the Northern Borneon Dusun (Sonsogon, Rungus, Lingkabau and Murut) are closely related to Taiwan natives (Ami, Atayal) and non–Austro-Melanesian Filipinos (Visayan, Tagalog,

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coined the new term 'Kadazandusun' to represent both the 'Orang Dusun' and 'Kadazan'. This unified term "Kadazandusun" was unanimously passed as a resolution during the 5th Kadazan Cultural Association's Delegates Conference. During the conference, it was decided that this was the best alternative

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The "Kadazan" term is used among the Tangara/Tangaa' tribe on the west coast of Sabah to refer to themselves. Non-Tangara tribes within the same dialectal and cultural continuum in the interior and eastern part of the state prefer the term "Dusun". Administratively, the Kadazans were called 'Orang

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The grouping of Dusun languages above is very important to study the waves of the out from Nunuk Ragang migration. Four types of Dusun languages indicate that there were at least four wave of the migration as each wave of migration bring new development of the Nunuk Ragang language. It seem to be

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Kadazandusuns are not monolingual, though dominated by Dusunic speaking tribes as majority (consists of approximately 170,000 Kadazan, 480,000 Dusun, 70,000 Rungus and 30,000 Bisaya); they also include Paitanic (70,000 Orang Sungai), Idaanic (3,000 Dusun Begak, 2,000 Dusun Subpan, and 1,000 Dusun

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The beheaded heads will be kept and maintained using ancient practices and rituals. One of the uses of the beheaded heads is as a housekeeper amulet or talisman. The ancient Kadazandusun people believed that every house should have its guardians. Thus, they will use the "tandahau" spirit from the

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Paitanic languages family consist of two main branches: Paitan-Kinabatangan and Sukau. Paitan-Kinabatangan are combination of two mutually-intelligible Paitan and Kinabatangan groups. Another branch Sukau Paitanic has only a single language callef Abai or Sebangan. spoken by 2,000 people in Abai

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costume, made out of black velvet fabric with various decorations using beads, flowers, coloured buttons, golden laces, linen, and unique embroidery designs. The traditional costume that is commonly commercialised as the cultural icon of the Kadazandusun people is the Koubasanan costume from the

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The age of Y-DNA haplogroup O2-P31 (O-M268) is estimated to be at around 34,100 years through conducted DNA ageing tests on the ancient human bones discovered in Niah Cave, Sarawak. The mean ages of Y-DNA haplogroups of O1a2-M50 and O2a1a-M88 are 33,103 and 28,500, respectively. From the study's

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was formed in 1963, administratively all Dusuns were referred to as Kadazans which sparked opposition from both Kadazan and Dusun sides who wanted the ethnicity term to be officialised and administrated separately. In 1985 through the KCA, the term Dusun was reintroduced after much pressure from

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is linguistic name of Kadazan language as it is a Dusunic language spoken only in the western coast of Sabah. Another name is Tangara (Dusun pronunciation) or Tangaa' (Kadazan pronunciation). Kadazan has three dialects: Penampang, Papar and Membakut, each represent the areas where they inhabit.

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The KDCA is involved in various activities related to research and documentation, preservation, development, and promotions of the Kadazandusun culture: language and literary works; Bobolians & Rinaits; traditional medicine, traditional food, and beverages; music, songs, dances, and dramas;

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The heads of the beheaded enemies were collected not only as triumph trophies but also for spiritual and traditional medicinal practices. The beheading tradition was not intended for the purpose of war alone, but rather to meet the society's cultural demands and expectations, and to fulfill the

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is a language named after the group's origin: the upper reach of Sugut river, located in area around the borders of Ranau, Beluran as well as Kota Marudu districts, which straddles the tripoint between the West Coast, Sandakan as well as Kudat Division. This group is also called Talantangic or

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The Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah (KDCA), previously known as Kadazan Cultural Association (KCA), is a non-political association of 40 indigenous ethnic communities of Sabah, registered under the Malaysian Societies Act 1966, on 29 April 1966 by the then Deputy Registrar of Societies

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that has no conclusive answer to his place of origin. Based on the mtDNA and Y-DNA studies, as well as philosophies from genetic and anthropology experts, it is plausible to conclude that Kadazandusun people are indeed the aboriginals of Sabah, and Borneo, as well as one of the leading genetic

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During this time Central Dusun also began to diverge. The group who settled at the upper reach of Kadamaian and Tuaran rivers (the Bundu) gradually moved to nearby places and further evolved to several tribes. Tribes in the Kadamaian began to call themselves as one name, Tindal to distinguish

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Sumazau dance is the traditional dance of Kadazandusun. Usually, the sumazau dance is performed by a pair of men and women dancers wearing traditional costumes. Sumazau dance is usually accompanied by the beats and rhythms of seven to eight gongs. The opening movement for sumazau dance is the

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According to the Y-DNA study by Jean A Trejaut, Estella S Poloni, and Ju-Chen Yen, the Bunun ethnic in Taiwan belongs to Y-DNA haplogroups of O1a2-M50 and O2a1a-M88. Both of these Y-DNA haplogroups are also the result of mutations of M214 as their maternal Y-DNA haplogroups with the following

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Nowadays, the umbrella term "KDMR" (an acronym for Kadazan, Dusun, Murut, and Rungus) is very popular among the younger generations of the three native groups in Sabah to differ themselves from the Malay or Muslim Bumiputra in the state. Another modification of this term is "Momogun KDMR" in

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Dusunic languages are closely related to Paitanic languages. Together they form the Greater Dusunic language family. Some Paitanic tribes such as Rumanau or Dusun Lobu (Dusunised Paitanic speaking tribe) and Tombonuo able to speaks mainstream Dusun dialect through learning and assimilation.

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However, if no leader is considered worthy of the Huguan Siou's title, the office would rather be left vacant (out of respect for the highly dignified and nearly sacred office of the Kadazandusun's Huguan Siou), until such time as a deserving Kadazandusun leader is undoubtedly established.

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KDCA has a youth and students' wing, Kadazandusun Youth Development Movement (KDYDM). The movement's main aims are to encourage more participation of the young generation in the activities of the association and be empowered in various fields so that they would be able to help develop the

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beheaded head for the purpose of protecting the house and its inhabitants from the attacks of enemies and wild animals. It is also important to place beheaded heads under the newly constructed bridge. The ancient Kadazandusuns believed that every river had a spirit of water that is called

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Wave B (Eastward group): Eastern Dusun migration. Labuk-Kinabatangan maybe the closest, if not the same, with the Nunuk Ragang language. Its similarities with Kadazan and Rungus indicates that Labuk-Kinabatangan were also one of the earliest group who leave Nunuk Ragang. At the same time

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Dusun language is Bisayic in origin (that is why Dusun and Bisayic languages are suited to be grouped together as a single languages family) but also shared many similar words with Paitanic, but Paitanic and Bisayic are not really related. Maybe anchestors of Dusun people was a group of

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tribe refused to be called neither as Kadazan, Dusun or any combination of the two. They prefer to be called "Momogun," which means "indigenous people" in Kadazan, Dusun, and Rungus because the three groups belong to the same language family that is Dusunic. Meanwhile, the Muruts and

2769:: Tombonuo, with 20,000 native speakers, is the main language in Paitan group. This language spoken by the Tombonuo tribe and sub-tribes and Orang Sungai (Muslim Tombonuo). Lingkobau is a significant variant of Tombonuo language. Paitan languages concentrated in Beluran district. 1135:

The Kadazandusun traditional music is usually orchestrated in the form of a band consist of musicians using traditional musical instruments, such as the bamboo flute, sompoton, togunggak, gong, and kulintangan. Musical instruments in Sabah are classified into Cordophones

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group expanded northward to Ranau and southward to Tambunan, moved away or assimilated Talantang tribes in the two districts, making Liwan the dominant Dusun group in there until today. The evidence of Liwan-Talantang assimilation is: while other Central Dusun apply /

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tribes: Original Kadazan (unknown name but must be the group who migrated in "Wave A" mentioned above), the Tangara and Bangkaakon. If either Tangara or Bangkaakon (or both of them) was a Central Dusun tribe/s, their dialect may had influenced the Kadazan language.

1530:

in Kadazandusun who call themselves as Dusun or Kadazan. Before the terms "Kadazan" and exonym "Dusun" coined, there is no name for the nation and every tribes and sub-tribes named after their place of origins or the name of their ancestor or their past leader.

2838:

Due to the mass migration, which happened in several waves, the Nunuk Ragang language disintegrated and split into several languages which can be distinguished into 5 main groups: Coastal Dusun, Northern Dusun, Northern Dusun, Ulu Sugut Dusun and Eastern Dusun.

797:

result, the claims related to Kadazandusun being ancient migrants from Taiwan are completely irrelevant. This is because the age of the Y-DNA haplogroup O2-P31 belong to the Kadazandusun ethnic group is older compared to the Bunun Y-DNA haplogroups in Taiwan.

2731:

Bonggi, and Tindal also spoken in northern districts, they are not included in this group because they belong to other languages group. Combined Northern Dusun speakers numbered approximately 50,000 (including Minokok). Rungus is spoken by its 70,000 people.

2903:

If Eastern Dusun is an intermediate between Kadazan, Rungus, and Dusun language ; then it maybe the closest, if not the same, with the Proto-Dusun/Nunuk Ragang language. So the development of this language can be represented by the following example:

935:, in its Roman Catholic form, rising to prominence amongst Kadazans in Penampang as well as Papar in Sabah's West Coast division as well as a large majority of Dusuns in Tambunan district. A minority are from other Christian denominations, such as 1220:

Before the mentioned handicrafts were promoted and commercialised to represent the Kadazandusun cultures, they were once tools that were used in daily lives. In fact, some of these handicrafts are still used for its original purpose to this day.

1123:

parallel swing of the arms back and forth at the sides of the body, while the feet springs and move the body from left to right. Once the opening dance moves are integrated with the gong beats and rhythms, the male dancer will chant "heeeeee!" (

974:. It revolved around the belief that spirits ruled over the planting and harvesting of rice, a profession that had been practised for generations. Special rituals would be performed before and after each harvest by a tribal priestess known as a 1289:), while the heart functions as the life source to the body. In other words, a dead heart means dead (useless) head. Shall any beheader go against this rule, the beheader will be condemned by a curse that will bring unfortunate fate upon him. 3059:

Rungus-Kadazan left Nunuk Ragang westward (Nunuk Ragang located in the centre of Sabah at the upper reach of Labuk river), Eastern Dusun anchestors go eastward. Eastern Dusun probably not much changed from the original Nunuk Ragang language.

2799:

Some Dusun tribe's language are not Dusunic. One of them, the Bonggi language even not in the sphere of Sabahan stock of Austronesian. Bonggi language, spoken by 500 Dusun Bonggi people in Banggi Islands, is a variety of Molbog language of

282:

Dusun' by the Bruneian Sultanate (or more specifically the tax-collectors). An account of this fact was written by the first census made by the North Borneo Company in Sabah, 1881. Administratively, all Kadazans were categorised as Dusuns.

3812:

Yew, Chee Wei; Hoque, Mohd Zahirul; Pugh‐Kitingan, Jacqueline; et al. (2018). "Genetic Relatedness of Indigenous Ethnic Groups in Northern Borneo to Neighboring Populations from Southeast Asia, as Inferred from Genome‐Wide SNP Data".

2745:

languages: Pingas was highly influenced by Kinabatangan Paitanic language, while Dumpas assimilated with Orang Sungai and Suluk to form a distinct language. Eastern Dusun spoken by approximately 30,000 people, including Pingas and Dumpas.

1419:

will not demolish the bridge. Beheaded heads are also used by bobohizan or bobolian for medical purposes, as well as the worship of the ancestors' spirits. The most common weapons used by the ancient headhunters of the Kadazandusun are

1557:

language) and Lahad Datu Dusuns who spoke Idaanic languages, while all Orang Sungai tribes spoke Paitanic languages. Paitanic and Dusunic languages families are closely related, together they formed Greater Dusunic languages family.

785:

mutation sequences: M214> M175> MSY2.2> M119> M50> O1a2, and M214> M175> P31> M95> M88> M111 / M88> PK4> O2a1a. Mutation sequences for O1a2-M50 and O2a1a-M88 shown in the Phylogenetic tree below.

682:

to represent the whole Kadazandusun ethnicity. S.G. Tan did state that the Kadazandusun ethnic have close genome relation to the other ethnics currently present in Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines, including the

402:. Such speculations were made from observed similarities of physical features, and cultures between the Kadazandusun and the Bunun people. However, these rumours were proven irrelevant through both mtDNA and Y-DNA studies. 1300:

will perform a ritual to speak with the spirits in the skulls, now as servants, to ask them to protect their community as they believed the deceased spirits will still remain inside the skulls. Before being placed in the

1481:

The birth of the Society of Kadazan Penampang in 1953 paved the way for the formation of the Kadazan Cultural Association Sabah (KCA) in 1963, which in turn was transformed into the present KDCA on 25 September 1991.

1188:

Kadazandusun people use natural materials as resources in producing handicrafts, including the bamboo, rattan, lias, calabash, and woods. Few of the many handicrafts that are synonym to the Kadazandusun people are

718:, stated that mtDNA sub-haplogroup M7b1'2'4'5'6'7'8 founded in majority of Kadazandusun DNA is one of the oldest mutations from M7 series from haplogroup M that was founded in ancient graveyards in the jungles of 2718:

are the largest Dusunic languages as it is spoken by approximately 300,000 Dusun people. Central Dusun native speakers concentrated in West Coast and Interior Divisions of Sabah. Kadazan Dusun standard language

789: 3180:

Under the efforts of the Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah, combination of Bundu-Liwan dialect with some addition from Kadazan and Rungus words was coined as the standard Kadazandusun language known as

777: 3067:

In contrast to Kadazan and Rungus; Northern Dusun, Ulu Sugut Dusun, and Central Dusun (then still a single group who stayed in Nunuk Ragang during the earlier first and second wave migration) became more

351:(Dusun) was interviewed. When the Bobolian of Dusun Lotud descent was asked on the meaning and definition of "Kadazan", her answer was, "people of the land". This definition was endorsed when Bobohizan 4233: 3644: 3165:

Liwan dialect are mostly spoken in the interior region. Eastern Dusun and some Orang Sungai tribes such as Dusun Lobu, who reside in eastern region, also use Liwan when conversing with other Dusun.

2813:

But few members who inter-married with Dusun people from the western Sabah region learned to speak it. Lahad Datu Dusun numbered around 6,000 individual (Begak 3,000, Sagamo 1,000 and 2,000 Subpan).

2123:

Sagamo), Murutic (10,000 Gana) and Palawanic (1,000 Dusun Bonggi) language families. All these languages families are Austronesian. Combined Kadazandusuns ethnic groups population numbered 840,000.

1245:(a kind of spear) are used as farming and hunting tools, as well as weapons in series of civil wars of the past, which indirectly made the Kadazandusun known as headhunters in the past. 1285:

the beheading, as it would be meaningless to behead the deceased. This is due to the traditional Kadazandusun belief that man's intelligence, spirit and courage are in his head (called

769:

DNA test (Y-DNA test) is a genealogical DNA test that is used to explore a man's patrilineal or direct father's-line ancestry. According to a study by Prof. Dr. Zafarina Zainuddin from

357:

of Kadazan Penampang descent confirmed that the Kadazan has always been used to describe the real people of the land. That substantiated Rutter's remark on Kadazan people in his book.

1589:

However, only the Kadazans and Dusun classified as a single ethnic group by the government while Rungus and Orang Sungai grouped as "Bumiputera Lain" along with Bisaya, Tidong,

3142:

Central Dusun are the largest of Dusun languages group, spoken by approximately 300,000 people, making it the mainstream Dusun language. Itself can be divided into two group:

289:) in 1960, this terminology was corrected and replaced by 'Kadazan', which was also used as the official designation of the non-Muslim natives by the first Chief Minister of 3172:

among the Kadazan Dusun people in the north and west coast region. In addition, Rungus, Kadazan, and Southern Dusun tribes speaks Bundu when conversing with Dusun people.

3087:

Later Wave (earlier group): Northern Dusun maybe migrated at the same time with Ulu Sugut Dusun group because the two group are linguistically quite similar, both apply /

4348: 3624: 966:

i.e. the two-way communication between the unseen spirit world and the seen material world facilitated by the services of a category of Kadazandusun people called

677:. Kee Boon Pin studies confirmed the mtDNA studies conducted by S. G. Tan, on his claim of genetic relation between Kadazandusun to another Taiwan aboriginal, the 369:," which means "people of the land", "Dusun" means "farm/orchard" in the Malay language. It has been suggested that the term 'Orang Dusun' was a term used by the 3356:, current Deputy Minister of Science Technology and Innovation, president for United Sabah People's Party (PBRS) and current member of parliament for Pensiangan. 4240: 5092: 1257:

is one of the ancient traditions practiced by the Kadazandusun community during the times of the civil wars. The Kadazandusun refer to this practice as

3084:/". Northern Dusun and Ulu Sugut eventually also left Nunuk Ragang while Central Dusun followed after several generation as the last group to migrate. 365:

One interesting fact about the Dusuns is that they do not have the word 'Dusun' in their vocabulary, and the term Dusun is an exonym. Unlike the term "

3943:"Cranio-Morphometric and aDNA Corroboration of the Austronesian Dispersal Model in Ancient Island Southeast Asia: Support from Gua Harimau, Indonesia" 1740:

are Dusun tribes mainly found in southern districts of Sabah's West Coast. All Southern Dusun tribes speak Bisayic languages, except Gana (Murutic).

4326: 4288: 326:

also refused the term, but remain their warm relationship with KDCA and responded positively in ways to unite the two largest Sabahan native groups.

806:

the human global travelling activities, but not as evidence to determine the place of origin of migrating humans. For example, the discovery of the

4754: 4000: 1774:

are a Dusun sub-ethnic group found in the Sabah's East Coast specifically in the Beluran, Telupid, Sandakan, Tongod and Kinabatangan districts.

1486:

discuss major issues affecting them and their future and take up both individual and collective stands and actions to resolve common challenges.

3749: 1367:

The head of the enemy will be kept in the victorious family home for the purpose to enslave the enemy's spirit as a housekeeping talisman/amulet

1720:

is a grouping of related Dusun tribes in the northern districts of Sabah, especially Kota Marudu and Pitas districts of the Kudat division.

5309: 4540: 1638:

Bira/Karanaan, Kuriou, Kohub, Kogibangan, Kuruli, Kawakaan, Kasapang, Kososoluon, Monsok, Montogung, Tolinting (Tambunan Liwan sub-tribes)

1461:

with the Kadazan Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA) being represented by their Deputy President, Clarance Bongkos Malakun on the far left.

3185:

Bundu-liwan selection was based on it being the most mutually intelligible dialect when conversing with other Dusun or Kadazan dialect.

1628:

are the largest group of Dusun and concentrated in West Coast, Interior as well as a part of the Kudat division (Kota Marudu district).

4265: 3098:

Later Wave (last group): Central Dusun ancestors must be moved out of Nunuk Ragang after some generation, enough time to evolve the /

1305:, the heads are hung under a huge tree until only the skull remained. A huge rock will be placed under the tree. This rock is called 3035:

Marudu, and further to Kudat after the arrival of Northern Dusun tribes several generations after. Rungus and Kadazan became more "/

66:

Kadazandusun priests and priestesses attires during the opening ceremony of Kaamatan 2014 at Hongkod Koisaan, the unity hall of KDCA

1502: 5913: 5085: 3648: 2724:

all Bunduic or "Bundu-like." The ethnolinguistic term "Kadazan Dusun" was named after the two largest Dusunic peoples of Sabah.

5893: 1553:

Linguistically, all Kadazandusun tribes (including Rungus) belong to Dusunic languages family except Dusun Bonggi (variety of

5908: 5794: 5034: 4612: 5879: 4747: 3887: 3913: 3454:, deputy chief minister of Sabah, current member of Malaysian Parliament for Keningau and state assemblyman for Tambunan. 265:

in Malaysia having been endowed with rights concerning land, rivers, education and maintaining their own customary laws.

4584: 249:

peoples. "Kadazandusun" is an umbrella term that encompasses both the Kadazan and Dusun peoples. They are also known as

5078: 944: 4653: 4381: 1397:

The ancient Kadazandusuns believed that the strength and spirit of the beheaded enemy would be gained by the beheader

286: 3362:, Malaysian ambassador to the Vatican from 2016 to 2018, former chief minister of Sabah and former federal minister. 6138: 6047: 5039: 4740: 4449: 4031:"Improved Phylogenetic Resolution and Rapid Diversification of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia" 1445: 6042: 3721: 6133: 6078: 4638: 4566: 3860: 3146:

Liwanic (consist of many varieties, one significant variety with high degree of distinction is Inobong Dusun)

1386:

A man must obtain at least 10 heads of the enemy clan in order to gain honour and approvals from his own clan

1328:

The three main ethnic groups in Sabah that are known for headhunting practices history are the Kadazandusun,

916:

is also practised by a growing minority, but it is the majority religion amongst the native Dusuns in Ranau.

1011:, non-halal food and beverages stalls, and handicraft arts and cultural performances in traditional houses. 4709: 352: 17: 4334: 4294: 61: 6058: 3457: 3941:

Matsumura, Hirofumi; Shinoda, Ken-ichi; Shimanjuntak, Truman; et al. (2018). Yao, Yong-Gang (ed.).

3149:

Bunduic (beside Bundu, also consist of three Bundu-like varieties namely Tindal, Sinulihan, and Tagahas)

268: 6091: 4714: 253:, meaning "indigenous people of Sabah". Kadazandusun tradition holds that they are the descendants of 5101: 940: 770: 394:. Most recently, rumour has it that Kadazandusun is closely related, or might be a descendant of the 30:

This article is about Kadazandusun ethnic and society. For difference between Kadazan and Dusun, see

2098: 444:

being the highest frequency, where it represents (60/150 40%) of all maternal lineages. Followed by

6068: 5997: 5199: 5059: 3594: 3555: 3153:

All Liwanic and Bunduic varieties are generally similar with some different in lexicon and accent.

3546:, tribal chief of Sabah's interior division during the colonial and early nationhood eras in 1963. 788: 5972: 5918: 5219: 3614: 4423: 272:

Percentage population of Kadazandusun by state constituencies in Sabah, according to 2020 census

6063: 5299: 5174: 5049: 4763: 3534:, 9th chief justice of Malaysia and the 4th chief judge of the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak. 3501: 1467: 1466:

Malaysia, J. P. Rutherford. It is headed by Huguan Siou Honorable Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima

928: 257:. Kadazandusun is recognised as an indigenous nation of Borneo with documented heritage by the 285:

Through the establishment of the KCA – Kadazan Cultural Association (KCA was later renamed to

6032: 6022: 5551: 5169: 5154: 5121: 5044: 4782: 4773: 4371: 3862:

Assessment and Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Biomarkers in Sabahan Indigenous Populations

3589: 3549: 3543: 3525: 3397: 3393: 3365: 1400:

Enemies beheading is also a way in proving the clan that a hero is worthy as a mighty warrior

952: 656: 473: 461: 262: 6012: 4273: 3670: 776: 6037: 6017: 5982: 5189: 5136: 5024: 4187: 3954: 3869: 3695: 3584: 3445: 3427: 3381: 3359: 1378:

A man with no courage and bravery will be out of place in the society and end up spouseless

924: 669: 662: 649: 642: 612: 605: 591: 584: 577: 570: 563: 556: 549: 535: 528: 521: 507: 500: 493: 486: 469: 465: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 418: 3540:, former deputy speaker for the Dewan Rakyat and current member of parliament for Beluran. 2705:

approximately 750,000 (170,000 Kadazan, 480,000 Dusun, 70,000 Rungus, and Bisaya 30,000).

1389:

These 10 heads are also important in convincing his clan that he is worthy as a war leader

410: 8: 6053: 6002: 5284: 5204: 5054: 3483: 3467: 3375: 3353: 1411:. The beheaded heads will be placed or hung below the bridge as a peace offering for the 999:

Today's Kaamatan celebration is very synonymous with beauty pageant competition known as

723: 109: 4191: 3958: 1526:

Kadazandusun is the unification term and collective name for more than 70 sub-tribes or

1277:(war) and behead their enemy's and keep their skull as trophy and for spiritual reason. 1057:(rice wine) chicken soup. Some of the well known traditional drinks of Kadazandusun are 476:(1/150 0.67%). These mtDNA Haplogroups have multiple subgroup distribution into several 5903: 5898: 5888: 5164: 4239:(in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. p. 107. Archived from 4210: 4175: 4108: 4081: 4057: 4030: 3977: 3942: 3838: 3794: 3479: 3418:, former first and third chief minister of Sabah and former third Sabah state governor. 2821:

Dusun languages are a group of languages with approximately 750,000 speakers in Sabah.

306: 239: 6073: 5874: 5838: 5789: 5771: 5499: 5336: 5267: 5019: 4632: 4560: 4450:"11 Things About Kaamatan and Gawai You Should Know Before Going to Sabah or Sarawak" 4377: 4215: 4113: 4062: 3982: 3830: 2899:

Eastern Dusun as intermediate between Kadazan, Rungus, and Dusun languages hypothesis

2701: 948: 431: 427: 145: 125: 4376:. Singapore: Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. p. 15. 4356: 4308: 4082:"Taiwan Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation and Its Relationship with Island Southeast Asia" 3025:

Proposed wave of migration out of Nunuk Ragang based on the Eastern Dusun hypothesis

2907:

Eastern Dusun and probably the proto-Dusun (original Nunuk Ragang language) :

5928: 5923: 5808: 5581: 5484: 5321: 5242: 5131: 4987: 4977: 4890: 4684: 4512: 4205: 4195: 4154: 4144: 4103: 4093: 4052: 4042: 3972: 3962: 3842: 3822: 3531: 3516:, former minister in the prime minister's Department for Sabah and Sarawak Affairs. 3489: 3451: 3368:, former deputy minister of Malaysia and former member of parliament for Penampang. 1635:

Gopu, Kapayan, Kinasaraban, Kolikuan, Koundoung, Randagong (Ranau Liwan sub-tribes)

1313:

is then used to keep count of how many heads had been hanged on the tree by making

1086:

Penampang district. The koubasanan costume from the Penampang district consists of

936: 370: 133: 5727: 4875: 3912:

Shinoda, Ken-ichi; Kakuda, Tsuneo; Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; et al. (2014).

908:

The majority of the Kadazandusuns are Christians, mainly Roman Catholics and some

390:

Since the 90s, it has been said that the Kadazandusun people are descendants from

6105: 6027: 6006: 5991: 5987: 5760: 5754: 5710: 5675: 5596: 5479: 5294: 5252: 5209: 5184: 5029: 4957: 4952: 4915: 4895: 4858: 4658: 3967: 3513: 3371: 340: 137: 4029:

Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Sudoyo, Herawati; et al. (2015).

2388:

Bisayic (Non-Nunuk Ragang Dusunic languages, sometime called as Southern Dusun)

1534:"Ethnicity" or "nation" and "people" or "man" in Dusunic languages is known as 6117: 5823: 5766: 5666: 5631: 5601: 5556: 5529: 5494: 5405: 5326: 5304: 5179: 5159: 4839: 4804: 3888:"Genetic Relationship between Kadazans and Fifteen other Southeast Asian Races" 3619: 3537: 3507: 3473: 3387: 2809: 731: 703: 382:

Ilocano, Minanubu), rather than populations from other parts of Borneo Island.

242: 201: 129: 31: 5962: 4723: 2808:. Another languages Subpan, Sagamo and Begak in Lahad Datu district belong to 6127: 5833: 5828: 5818: 5732: 5717: 5685: 5606: 5561: 5539: 5489: 5415: 5398: 5289: 5257: 5194: 4967: 4923: 4907: 4885: 4484: 4397: 3552:, former federal minister of Sabah and former deputy chief minister of Sabah. 3519: 3421: 3415: 3403: 1519: 1329: 1023:

A few of the most well known traditional food of the Kadazandusun people are

678: 318: 294: 5070: 4200: 4149: 4132: 4098: 970:. The Kadazandusun belief system centers around the spirit or entity called 5813: 5803: 5700: 5695: 5651: 5636: 5571: 5519: 5474: 5462: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5410: 5378: 5314: 5237: 4994: 4982: 4870: 4848: 4824: 4809: 4727: 4719: 4219: 4117: 4066: 3986: 3834: 3604: 3565: 3495: 3461: 1590: 1582: 1333: 932: 844: 807: 766: 751: 743: 715: 699: 395: 314: 290: 254: 246: 197: 193: 157: 35: 4133:"Deep Skull from Niah Cave and the Pleistocene Peopling of Southeast Asia" 4047: 2782:

2,000 people in Abai village, located in the mouth of Kinabatangan river.

1474:

Conference to specifically resolve the installation of their Huguan Siou.

5860: 5586: 5534: 5393: 5383: 5373: 5331: 5278: 4999: 4962: 4732: 3439: 3341: 2805: 1254: 963: 874: 739: 683: 434: 259:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

181: 165: 161: 141: 4159: 4080:

Trejaut, Jean A.; Poloni, Estella S.; Yen, Ju-Chen; et al. (2014).

3798: 2842:

Furthermore, these group can be categorised into four types of dialect:

2087: 5854: 5746: 5722: 5690: 5566: 5388: 5363: 5350: 5111: 4902: 4865: 4689: 4681:

Planning Kadazandusun (Sabah, Malaysia): Labels, Identity, and Language

3347: 1918: 1110:(decorated with gold lace and silver buttons) and a hat that is called 920: 909: 890: 747: 695: 323: 205: 3826: 2071:

Ida'an (they do not claim to be under the Kadazandusun classification)

5680: 5576: 5546: 4880: 3940: 3559: 3433: 3409: 1515: 1507: 1454: 1346:

To prove the strength of the heroes and clans over the fallen enemies

976: 755: 438:(subjected to the numbers and types of samples involved in the study) 348: 344: 4131:

Curnoe, Darren; Datan, Ipoi; Taçon, Paul S. C.; et al. (2016).

3460:, a current member of the Malaysian Parliament for Kota Belud (half 3390:, former Malaysian cabinet minister and state assemblyman for Moyog. 1939:

district. However, their language is not Dusunic but related to the

1106:(made out of copper loops or rings fastened by strings or threads), 1102:(made out of connected silver coins, also known as the money belt), 1081:

The traditional costume of the Kadazandusun is generally called the

213:

Yearbook of Statistics: Sabah, 2002 & Sabah Statistics 2020 Data

5656: 4829: 3911: 3789:

Staal, J. (1923). "The Dusuns of North Borneo: Their Social Life".

3599: 1994: 1542:

respectively. In Paitanic languages, the word "people" is known as

1450: 989: 711: 477: 298: 235: 95: 6112: 1237:

is an accessory used in ceremonials and rituals. Parang/machetes,

5661: 5524: 5511: 5452: 5214: 4972: 4928: 4834: 4176:"DNA Analysis of an Early Modern Human from Tianyuan Cave, China" 3609: 2801: 2648:

Initial letter inside () refer to the following ethnicity :

2033: 1944: 1565: 959: 735: 687: 366: 189: 4001:"Kaum Dusun Sabah Bukan Berasal dari China, Tibet Maupun Taiwan" 2700:

Most of the Kadazan and Dusun tribes speaks languages belong to

5942: 5705: 5641: 5457: 5447: 5442: 5422: 4853: 4814: 3921:

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series D

3699: 2853:/ employing lexicon: Rungus, Kadazan (extensively) and Minokok 2053: 1940: 1576: 1554: 1511: 1025: 727: 719: 691: 480:

due to genome mutations for thousands of years. The Haplogroup

399: 258: 185: 105: 1292:

The Kadazandusuns keep their enemy's skulls in a house called

5646: 5618: 5469: 5274: 5262: 5247: 4947: 4819: 4174:

Fu, Qiaomei; Meyer, Matthias; Gao, Xing; et al. (2013).

3571: 3528:, former fifth State Minister of Local Government and Housing 3043:/"-preferred as alternative ways to pronounce proto-Dusun's / 1936: 1571: 1546:. So Kadazandusun people in their native languages called as 1458: 913: 859: 391: 231: 177: 101: 3914:"Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity of Pingpu Tribes in Taiwan" 3811: 1522:, Sabah, Malaysia. This is part of the Kadazandusun cuisine. 1325:

rock indicates that ten heads had been hanged on that tree.

4130: 3063:

Later waves: Northern Dusun, Ulu Sugut Dusun, Central Dusun

4028: 1440: 640:, there were only 1 subclade founded for each haplogroup: 2786:

Connection between Dusunic and Paitanic language families

1339:

There are five objectives for the headhunting practices.

317:

or Paitanic group welcomed this resolution, however, the

3750:"Origins of the Kadazan People English Literature Essay" 3076:/"-preferred as it is easier alternative to pronounce "/ 1935:

comprise only one tribe tribe native to Banggi Islands,

1364:

To cease the existence of the enemies and their families

927:

during the late 19th century, particularly the Catholic

4715:

Kadazandusun Murut Vocabulary/ Words /nouns collections

1375:

Beheading is a practice that proves courage and bravery

4704: 2890:

Development of Nunuk Ragang language through migration

6089: 2875:/ employing lexicon: Ulu Sugut Dusun, Northern Dusun 2763:

village, located in the mouth of Kinabatangan river.

385: 3647:. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Archived from 330:

Kadazandusun and Rungus or "Mamagun KDMR" in Murut.

4079: 2749:

Southern Dusun: Bisayic languages and Gana language

4293:. IAMS 2004 Conference (Abstract). Archived from 4173: 3424:, famous Sabah tribal native chief from Keningau. 3030:Earlier waves: Kadazan, Rungus, and Eastern Dusun 1497: 1352:The head will be kept in the house of the skull ( 1281:sacrificial requirements of the ancient rituals. 6125: 4619:. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019 4547:. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019 4370:Lindsay, Jennifer; Tan, Ying Ying, eds. (2003). 4234:"2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia" 333: 160:(Mainly Roman Catholic and Protestant) (74.8%), 4607: 4605: 4180:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1561:General classification of Kadazandusun nation: 1273:. In the past, Kadazandusun people often go to 1018: 4578: 4576: 4517:Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah (KDCA) 4513:"Traditional Costume of the Penampang Kadazan" 4290:Paper on Mission to Kadazan of Sabah, Malaysia 3675:Official Website of the Sabah State Government 3510:, former federal Cabinet minister and senator. 3335: 1921:district located in the East Coast of Sabah. 1229:are used to carry harvested crops from farms. 360: 5100: 5086: 4748: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3406:, current member of parliament for Penampang. 4683:(MA thesis). University of Hawaii at Manoa. 4651: 4602: 3993: 3854: 3852: 3645:"Demographic Statistics, First Quarter 2024" 2970:Northern Dusun & Ulu Sugut Dusun : 1596:List of Kadazandusun tribes and sub-tribes: 4573: 4535: 4533: 4507: 4505: 3936: 3934: 3162:any tribe spoke mainstream Dusun language. 2795:Dusun tribes belong to non-Dusunic language 811:contributors to Southeast Asian societies. 5093: 5079: 4762: 4755: 4741: 4373:Babel or Behemoth: Language Trends in Asia 4369: 4024: 4022: 3881: 3879: 3706: 3396:, Malaysian politician and lawyer, son of 1183: 261:since 2004. Kadazandusuns are part of the 60: 4688: 4654:"Huguan Siou Legacy of the Kadazandusuns" 4327:"More Foreigners In Brunei Embrace Islam" 4209: 4199: 4158: 4148: 4107: 4097: 4056: 4046: 3976: 3966: 3849: 3702:Multimedia Video & Sound Collections. 3476:, current member of parliament for Ranau. 3436:, Sabah chief minister from 2003 to 2018. 2165:Dusun languages (Nunuk Ragang languages) 2117: 1361:For small scale civil war or family feud 339:term itself is of a Tangaa' dialect (see 287:KDCA – Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association 238:, an amalgamation of the closely related 5937: 5847: 4530: 4502: 4447: 4286: 4167: 4073: 3931: 3350:, former Malaysian and Sabah footballer. 3130:/ in their dialects, Liwan instead use / 1593:and other Sabahan natives ethnic group. 1501: 1444: 1317:(marks) on its surface. For example, 10 417: 409: 267: 4582: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4421: 4019: 3876: 3470:, former cabinet minister in the 1980s. 1441:Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah 1248: 1076: 14: 6126: 4678: 4541:"Kadazan Traditional Music and Dances" 4349:"Malay Ultras Diluted Borneo Autonomy" 3773: 3719: 3698:. Discovery Channel. 2004 – via 3522:, former Sabah state cabinet minister. 3498:, former federal minister of Malaysia. 3412:, former federal minister of Malaysia. 962:was widely practiced. The religion is 919:The influence of the English-speaking 814: 426:Maternal or Matrilineal Studies Using 376: 5074: 4736: 4585:"The History of Borneo's Headhunters" 4266:"Assessment for Kadazans in Malaysia" 3788: 3688: 3492:, state governor of Sabah since 2011. 3430:, former fourth Sabah state governor. 3020:aro ("w" changed to "h" except Liwan) 1917:are Idaanic-speaking Dusun tribes in 1686:districts of the Interior division. 4467: 4124: 3744: 3742: 3722:"A History of the Term Kadazandusun" 3448:, former sixth Sabah state governor. 2082: 1664:Tibabar (Tambunan Tagahas sub-tribe) 1661:Kionop (Ulu Papar Tagahas sub-tribe) 1130: 1117: 82:Regions with significant populations 4482: 4226: 3885: 3858: 2886:/ employing lexicon: Central Dusun 2864:/ employing lexicon: Eastern Dusun 2168:Coastal Dusun (Kadazan or Tangaa') 1658:Kadayan (Telipok-Manggatal Tagahas) 1494:Kadazandusun community in general. 1383:Self-promotion as the village head 983: 305:In November 1989, through the KCA, 24: 4137:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 4035:European Journal of Human Genetics 3696:"Language: Kadazandusun, Malaysia" 1693:Toriwad, Manampaka, Mukin, Pulutan 787: 775: 386:Origins of the Kadazandusun people 230:) are the largest ethnic group in 25: 6150: 4698: 4398:"Prefectures Apostolic of Borneo" 3739: 3558:, Malaysian singer, hailing from 3504:, former chief minister of Sabah. 1955: 1750:Kwijau/Mempakad (Keningau Kwijau) 1003:, a singing competition known as 27:Ethnic-group from Sabah, Malaysia 6111: 6099: 4724:audio recordings of Tindal Dusun 3720:Luping, Herman (7 August 2016). 2086: 1437:evidence to support this claim. 1394:Promoting the bravery of a hero 761: 405: 88: 4645: 4441: 4415: 4390: 4363: 4341: 4319: 4301: 4280: 4258: 3905: 3568:, Malaysian singer and actress. 3307:Koilo ko mimboros do Inggilis? 1988: 295:Fuad Stephens @ Donald Stephens 4583:Bedford, Sam (25 March 2018). 3805: 3782: 3767: 3663: 3637: 3442:, former fifth Sabah governor. 3176:Standard Kadazandusun language 2728:Northern Dusun or Marudu Dusun 1655:Pahu (Kiulu Tagahas sub-tribe) 1498:Kadazandusun sub-ethnic groups 1098:comes with a waistband called 958:Before the missionaries came, 13: 1: 4652:John Anthony (15 July 2018). 4485:"Kadazandusun Food & Art" 3630: 3304:Koiho ko moboos do Onggilis? 800: 792:Mutasi Y-DNA O2a1a & O1a2 334:Origins of the term 'Kadazan' 5759:Peranakan Eropah (including 4287:Koepping, Elizabeth (2004). 3968:10.1371/journal.pone.0198689 3778:. London: Hutchinson and Co. 2332:Kimaragang-Sonsogon-Sandayo 2187:Central Dusun or Bunduliwan 1019:Traditional foods and drinks 276: 7: 4613:"The Headhunters of Borneo" 4424:"Kaamatan: Tale of Harvest" 4007:(in Malay). 25 October 2017 3578: 3458:Isnaraissah Munirah Majilis 3336:Notable Kadazandusun people 3219:Ngaran ku nopo nga i John. 2949:aro" (Rungus & Minokok) 2767:Paitan Paitanic or Tombonuo 2618:Palawanic languages familu 2420:Kuizou (Kadazan Membakut) ( 1626:Central Dusun or Bunduliwan 819: 361:Origins of the term 'Dusun' 10: 6155: 4679:Tangit, Trixie M. (2005). 3776:The Pagans of North Borneo 3384:, former Sabah footballer. 3344:, former cabinet minister. 3216:Ngaan ku nopo nga i John. 2980:o" ("z" pronounced as "j") 2363:Labuk-Kinabatangan Dusun ( 2078: 1599: 1209:hat, parang, paddy cutter 987: 829:Religions of Kadazandusuns 29: 5971: 5953: 5873: 5788: 5745: 5617: 5510: 5362: 5349: 5228: 5145: 5130: 5119: 5108: 5102:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 5012: 4940: 4790: 4781: 4770: 4637:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4565:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3482:, Catholic bishop of the 3374:, Catholic bishop of the 3157:Mainstream Dusun language 2758:Paitanic languages family 2584:Murutic languages family 2449:Paitanic languages family 1233:is a musical instrument. 941:Borneo Evangelical Church 899: 889: 884: 873: 868: 858: 853: 843: 838: 833: 828: 771:Universiti Sains Malaysia 428:mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 297:. When the Federation of 211: 176: 171: 156: 151: 124: 119: 86: 81: 76: 71: 59: 5175:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 4669:– via PressReader. 4448:Petronas (29 May 2017). 3815:Annals of Human Genetics 3793:. 18/19 (4/6): 958–977. 3595:Demographics of Malaysia 2207:Inobong Dusun or Tiang ( 2157:Dusunic languages family 1756:Kuizou (Membakut Kwijau) 1620: 1568:, or Tangaa', or Tangara 1356:) of the victorious clan 780:Mutation of Y-DNA O2-P31 603:subclades founded were: 547:subclades founded were: 519:subclades founded were: 484:subclades founded were: 5243:Christmas Island Malays 4422:Estelle (29 May 2017). 4201:10.1073/pnas.1221359110 4150:10.3389/fevo.2016.00075 4099:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77 3953:(6). Article e0198689. 3615:Coastal Kadazan dialect 3315:Nombo o nontodonon nu? 3271:Pio hoogo/gatang diti? 3011:o" ("j" changed to "y") 2930:Kadazan & Rungus: 2917:o" ("z" is not pressed) 1857:Dusun Ulu Kinabatangan 1349:As war victory evidence 1184:Traditional handicrafts 696:Jakun Aboriginal Malays 104:, Federal Territory of 6139:Ethnic groups in Sabah 4764:Ethnic groups in Sabah 3859:Kee, Boon Pin (2014). 3671:"People & History" 3625:Kirama Family of Sabah 3502:Joseph Pairin Kitingan 3301:Do you speak English? 3134:/ like the Talantang. 2537:Other languages family 2427:Papar (Kwijau Papar) ( 2118:Kadazandusun languages 2095:This section is empty. 1608:Inobong Dusun or Tiang 1523: 1468:Joseph Pairin Kitingan 1462: 793: 781: 423: 415: 273: 4705:KDCA Official Website 4309:"Voices of the Earth" 4048:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106 3774:Rutter, Owen (1929). 3550:Wilfred Madius Tangau 3544:Sedomon Gunsanad Kina 3263:Pounsikou/Kotoluadan 2773:Kinabatangan Paitanic 1510:been served by using 1505: 1448: 953:Seventh-day Adventism 891:No religion / Unknown 791: 779: 421: 413: 271: 172:Related ethnic groups 6134:Kadazan-Dusun people 6013:China/Taiwan Chinese 4297:on 21 November 2008. 3870:University of Malaya 3585:Austronesian peoples 3446:Mohamad Adnan Robert 3428:Mohd Hamdan Abdullah 3382:Dass Gregory Kolopis 3360:Bernard Giluk Dompok 3312:Where are you from? 2457:Paitan-Kinabatangan 2023:Kinabatangan group: 1933:Banggi Islands Dusun 1753:Papar (Papar Kwijau) 1585:, or Lobu, or Paitan 1261:and the beheader as 1249:Headhunting practice 1077:Traditional costumes 994:Harvest Festival or 968:Bobohizans/Bobolians 925:British North Borneo 206:Lun Bawang/Lun Dayeh 5973:Foreign ethnicities 5356:Indigenous peoples) 4617:KadazanHomeland.com 4545:KadazanHomeland.com 4192:2013PNAS..110.2223F 3959:2018PLoSO..1398689M 3886:Tan, S. G. (1979). 3574:, Malaysian singer. 3484:Diocese of Sandakan 3464:maternal ancestry). 3376:Diocese of Keningau 3354:Arthur Joseph Kurup 3279:I don't understand 3202:What is your name? 3047:/ (unpressed) and / 2940:o" ("z" is pressed) 2625:Southern Palawanic 2171:Kadazan Penampang ( 2001:Salig Bulud Ondaras 1548:Tinaru Kadazandusun 1372:Empowering manhood 815:Culture and society 724:peninsular Malaysia 422:mtDNA haplogroup M1 377:Genetic relatedness 110:Peninsular Malaysia 56: 5914:Indians in Sarawak 5205:Terengganuan Malay 4726:are archived with 4710:Kadazandusun Forum 4246:on 11 October 2012 3480:Julius Dusin Gitom 3296:Langadon oku dika 3293:Hangadon zou diau 3274:Piro gatang diti? 3268:How much is this? 2190:Garo-Tonduk-Luba ( 1605:Penampang Kadazan 1524: 1463: 1090:worn by women and 794: 782: 424: 416: 414:mtDNA haplogroup M 274: 46: 6087: 6086: 5949: 5948: 5869: 5868: 5839:Penangite Chinese 5784: 5783: 5741: 5740: 5345: 5344: 5200:Selangorian Malay 5165:Kelantanese Malay 5068: 5067: 5035:Malaysian Indians 5020:Malaysian Chinese 5008: 5007: 3827:10.1111/ahg.12246 3333: 3332: 3318:Honggo tadon nu? 3168:Bundu dialect is 3039:/ (pressed) and / 2702:Dusunic languages 2696:Dusunic languages 2115: 2114: 1891:Minokok-Tompizos 1131:Traditional music 1118:Traditional dance 949:True Jesus Church 929:Mill Hill mission 904: 903: 877:/ Other religions 620:. For Haplogroup 599:. The Haplogroup 543:. The Haplogroup 515:. The Haplogroup 472:(2/150 1.33) and 456:(20/150 13.33%), 452:(22/150 14.67%), 448:(26/150 17.33%), 222:(also written as 217: 216: 126:Dusunic languages 55: 16:(Redirected from 6146: 6116: 6115: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6095: 5943:Peranakan Chitty 5935: 5934: 5909:Indians in Sabah 5894:Penangite Indian 5845: 5844: 5360: 5359: 5220:Sarawakian Malay 5143: 5142: 5128: 5127: 5095: 5088: 5081: 5072: 5071: 4988:Peninsula Malays 4788: 4787: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4694: 4692: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4636: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4580: 4571: 4570: 4564: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4537: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4509: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4480: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4355:. Archived from 4345: 4339: 4338: 4337:on 10 June 2011. 4333:. Archived from 4331:BruneiDirect.com 4323: 4317: 4316: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4276:on 22 June 2012. 4272:. Archived from 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4245: 4238: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4203: 4186:(6): 2223–2227. 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4152: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4111: 4101: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4060: 4050: 4026: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3980: 3970: 3938: 3929: 3928: 3918: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3867: 3856: 3847: 3846: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3746: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3717: 3704: 3703: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3641: 3532:Richard Malanjum 3490:Juhar Mahiruddin 3452:Jeffrey Kitingan 3213:My name is John 3208:Isai ngaran nu? 3188: 3187: 3001:Central Dusun: 2251:Ulu Sugut Dusun 2132:language family 2110: 2107: 2097:You can help by 2090: 2083: 1915:Lahad Datu Dusun 1616:Membakut Kadazan 1253:The practice of 1053:, pork soup and 984:Harvest Festival 826: 825: 700:Dayak Kalimantan 371:Sultan of Brunei 113: 94: 92: 91: 72:Total population 64: 57: 51: 45: 21: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6124: 6123: 6122: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6090: 6088: 6083: 5974: 5967: 5956:(non-Peranakan) 5955: 5945: 5933: 5877: 5865: 5843: 5792: 5780: 5777:Peranakan Turki 5737: 5613: 5506: 5365: 5355: 5353: 5341: 5224: 5180:Penangite Malay 5134: 5115: 5104: 5099: 5069: 5064: 5030:Arab Malaysians 5004: 4936: 4896:Bruneian Malays 4792: 4777: 4766: 4761: 4701: 4675: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4659:The Borneo Post 4650: 4646: 4630: 4629: 4622: 4620: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4593: 4591: 4581: 4574: 4558: 4557: 4550: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4511: 4510: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4481: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4368: 4364: 4359:on 24 May 2024. 4347: 4346: 4342: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4285: 4281: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4172: 4168: 4129: 4125: 4078: 4074: 4027: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3939: 3932: 3916: 3910: 3906: 3890: 3884: 3877: 3865: 3857: 3850: 3810: 3806: 3787: 3783: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3748: 3747: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3718: 3707: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3651:on 22 June 2024 3643: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3581: 3514:Maximus Ongkili 3394:Donald Mojuntin 3372:Cornelius Piong 3366:Clarence Mansul 3338: 3285:Au oku karati. 3252:Nonggo i Mary? 3249:Nombo zi Mary? 3246:Where is Mary? 3241:Osonong kopio. 3238:Noikot vinasi. 3230:Nunu kabar nu? 3205:Isai ngaan nu? 2958:aa" (Kadazan, / 2817:Dusun languages 2735:Ulu Sugut Dusun 2565:Subpan-Sagamo ( 2524:Abai/Sebangan ( 2296:Northern Dusun 2178:Kadazan Papar ( 2135:language group 2120: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2081: 1991: 1958: 1947:, Philippines. 1683:Ulu Sugut Dusun 1623: 1602: 1500: 1453:celebration in 1443: 1343:In a great war 1321:(marks) on the 1251: 1186: 1168:), and Idofon ( 1133: 1120: 1079: 1021: 992: 986: 906: 905: 897: 882: 866: 851: 822: 817: 803: 764: 490:7b1'2'4'5'6'7'8 468:(4/150 2.67%), 408: 388: 379: 363: 341:Tangga language 336: 279: 212: 146:Sabahan English 115: 114: 99: 98: 89: 87: 67: 50: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6152: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6121: 6120: 6108: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6000: 5995: 5985: 5979: 5977: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5954:Mixed ancestry 5951: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5941: 5939: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5855:Peranakan Cina 5851: 5849: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5786: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5772:Peranakan Siam 5769: 5767:Jawi Peranakan 5764: 5757: 5755:Peranakan Arab 5751: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5634: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5516: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5386: 5381: 5370: 5368: 5357: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5327:Burmese Malays 5324: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5210:Bruneian Malay 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5190:Perlisan Malay 5187: 5185:Perakian Malay 5182: 5177: 5172: 5170:Malaccan Malay 5167: 5162: 5157: 5155:Johorean Malay 5151: 5149: 5140: 5125: 5117: 5116: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5098: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5075: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5013:Non-Bumiputera 5010: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4918: 4913: 4912:Molbog/Balabak 4910: 4905: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4807: 4796: 4794: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4700: 4699:External links 4697: 4696: 4695: 4673: 4672: 4644: 4601: 4572: 4529: 4501: 4466: 4440: 4414: 4389: 4382: 4362: 4340: 4318: 4300: 4279: 4257: 4225: 4166: 4143:. Article 75. 4123: 4092:. Article 77. 4072: 4041:(3): 369–373. 4018: 3992: 3930: 3904: 3875: 3868:(PhD thesis). 3848: 3821:(4): 216–226. 3804: 3781: 3766: 3738: 3705: 3687: 3662: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3620:Dusun language 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3538:Ronald Kiandee 3535: 3529: 3526:Peter Mojuntin 3523: 3517: 3511: 3508:Kasitah Gaddam 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3477: 3474:Jonathan Yasin 3471: 3465: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3398:Peter Mojuntin 3391: 3388:Darell Leiking 3385: 3379: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3282:Au zou kalati 3280: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3022: 3021: 3012: 2999: 2998: 2993:pronounced as 2981: 2968: 2967: 2950: 2941: 2928: 2927: 2918: 2810:Idaan language 2779:Sukau Paitanic 2693: 2692: 2686: 2685:(Orang Sungai) 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2632: 2628:Molbog-Bonggi 2616: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2602: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2563: 2556: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2508: 2501: 2494: 2487: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2468: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2425: 2418: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2399: 2391:Bisaya-Tatana 2386: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2375: 2368: 2360:Eastern Dusun 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2347: 2340: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2307: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2283: 2276: 2269: 2262: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2224: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2205: 2195: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2127:Classification 2119: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2106:September 2023 2093: 2091: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2067:Ida'an group: 2065: 2064: 2063:Abai or Dewara 2057: 2056: 2049:Dumpas group: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1957: 1956:Momogun Rungus 1954: 1953: 1952: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1738:Southern Dusun 1735: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1718:Northern Dusun 1715: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1598: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1569: 1499: 1496: 1442: 1439: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1350: 1347: 1250: 1247: 1185: 1182: 1132: 1129: 1119: 1116: 1078: 1075: 1020: 1017: 996:Pesta Kaamatan 988:Main article: 985: 982: 931:, resulted in 902: 901: 898: 895: 893: 887: 886: 883: 880: 878: 871: 870: 867: 864: 862: 856: 855: 852: 849: 847: 841: 840: 837: 835: 831: 830: 824: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 802: 799: 763: 760: 407: 404: 387: 384: 378: 375: 362: 359: 354:Dousia Moujing 335: 332: 278: 275: 215: 214: 209: 208: 202:Dusun (Brunei) 174: 173: 169: 168: 154: 153: 149: 148: 122: 121: 117: 116: 84: 83: 79: 78: 77:714,000 (2024) 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 42: 32:Kadazan people 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6151: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6107: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6018:East Timorese 6016: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5859: 5857:(Baba-Nyonya) 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5791: 5787: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5627:Kadazan-Dusun 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5399:Orang Seletar 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5332:Patani Malays 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5160:Kedahan Malay 5158: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5084: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4800:Kadazan-Dusun 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793:(Anak Negeri) 4789: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4751: 4746: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4676: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4648: 4640: 4634: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4590: 4586: 4579: 4577: 4568: 4562: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4506: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4429: 4428:AmazingBorneo 4425: 4418: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4385: 4383:981-04-9075-5 4379: 4375: 4374: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4242: 4235: 4229: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4170: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4025: 4023: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3935: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3864: 3863: 3855: 3853: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3777: 3770: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3727: 3726:Daily Express 3723: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3520:Peter Anthony 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468:James Ongkili 3466: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3422:Gunsanad Kina 3420: 3417: 3416:Fuad Stephens 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3404:Ewon Benedick 3402: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3227:Onu abal nu? 3226: 3224:How are you? 3223: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3171: 3170:lingua franca 3166: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3138:Central Dusun 3135: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2742:Eastern Dusun 2739: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2717: 2716:Central Dusun 2713: 2710: 2709:Coastal Dusun 2706: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2637: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2479:Kinabatangan 2478: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2109: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2059:Sukau group: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2036:or Lanas Lobu 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1927: 1925:Subpan/Sagamo 1924: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1879: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1772:Eastern Dusun 1766: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1615: 1613:Papar Kadazan 1612: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1603: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1529: 1521: 1520:Kota Kinabalu 1517: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1426:sakuit/mandau 1423: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1282: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1128: 1126: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 997: 991: 981: 979: 978: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 917: 915: 911: 894: 892: 888: 879: 876: 875:Folk religion 872: 863: 861: 857: 848: 846: 842: 836: 832: 827: 812: 809: 798: 790: 786: 778: 774: 772: 768: 762:Y-DNA studies 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 679:Paiwan people 676: 674: 672: 667: 665: 660: 659: 654: 652: 647: 645: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 617: 615: 611:(1.33%), and 610: 608: 602: 598: 596: 594: 589: 587: 582: 580: 575: 573: 568: 566: 561: 559: 554: 552: 546: 542: 540: 538: 534:(4.67%), and 533: 531: 526: 524: 518: 514: 512: 510: 506:(0.67%), and 505: 503: 498: 496: 491: 489: 483: 479: 475: 474:Haplogroup HV 471: 467: 463: 462:Haplogroup JT 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 436: 433: 429: 420: 412: 406:mtDNA studies 403: 401: 397: 393: 383: 374: 372: 368: 358: 356: 355: 350: 347:(Kadazan) or 346: 342: 331: 327: 325: 320: 316: 311: 308: 303: 300: 296: 292: 288: 283: 270: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 251:Mamasok Sabah 248: 244: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 224:Kadazan-Dusun 221: 210: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 150: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 118: 111: 107: 103: 97: 85: 80: 75: 70: 63: 58: 54: 49: 48:Kadazan Dusun 41: 37: 33: 19: 6069:Singaporeans 5975:/expatriates 5701:Orang Sungai 5626: 5238:Cocos Malays 5229: 5195:Pahang Malay 5146: 5120: 5110: 4983:Cocos Malays 4849:Orang Sungai 4799: 4772: 4728:Kaipuleohone 4720:Robert Blust 4680: 4663:. 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Retrieved 3649:the original 3639: 3605:Unduk Ngadau 3566:Marsha Milan 3496:Joseph Kurup 3182: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3016: 3015: 3007: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2984: 2976: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2953: 2945: 2944: 2936: 2935: 2929: 2922: 2921: 2913: 2912: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2720: 2715: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2647: 2635: 2617: 2605: 2598: 2583: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2552: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2525: 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158:Christianity 128:(especially 53: 47: 43:Ethnic group 40: 36:Dusun people 18:Kadazandusun 5998:Bangladeshi 5861:Sino-Native 5394:Orang Kuala 5384:Orang Kanaq 5374:Proto-Malay 5300:Minangkabau 5279:Bugis-Malay 5230:Anak Dagang 5040:Indonesians 4963:Sino-Native 4690:10125/11691 4623:27 December 4594:27 December 4589:Culturetrip 4551:27 December 4522:27 December 4494:27 December 4459:27 December 4433:27 December 3901:(1): 28–33. 3759:30 November 3731:28 November 3440:Ahmad Koroh 3342:Anifah Aman 3290:I miss you 3260:Kotohuadan 3235:I am fine. 3183:Bunduliwan. 2806:Philippines 2594:Nabai-Gana 2558:Bulu Dupi ( 2470:Lingkobau ( 2257:Talantang ( 2233:Sinulihan ( 2144:sub-dialect 1982:Tangkarason 1902:Dusun Lobu 1540:tulun/tuhun 1434:tandus/adus 1255:headhunting 1178:kulintangan 964:Momolianism 945:Lutheranism 937:Anglicanism 910:Protestants 740:Philippines 726:, Dusun in 435:Haplogroups 396:Bunun tribe 182:Sino-Native 166:Momolianism 162:Sunni Islam 142:Sabah Malay 6128:Categories 6079:Vietnamese 6033:Indonesian 5919:Sri Lankan 5723:Sama-Bajau 5691:Lun Bawang 5567:Lun Bawang 5500:Semaq Beri 5389:Orang Laut 5364:Peninsular 5351:Orang Asal 5268:Mandailing 5122:Bumiputera 5112:Malaysians 5050:Pakistanis 4941:Non-native 4903:Lun Bawang 4866:Sama-Bajau 4783:Bumiputera 4402:New Advent 4313:Our Planet 4005:BorneoMail 3631:References 3590:Bumiputera 3348:Alto Linus 3257:Thank you 2721:Bunduliwan 2622:Palawanic 2541:Ida'anic 2503:Kolobuan ( 2489:Sinarupa ( 2463:Tombonuo ( 2342:Sonsogon ( 2325:Tobilung ( 2309:Gonsomon ( 1993:Paitan or 1964:Kiravangan 1919:Lahad Datu 1727:Kimaragang 1710:Tilau-Ilau 1704:Kogosingan 1690:Talantang 1678:Sinandapak 1579:or Momogun 1428:machetes, 1172:, gong or 1140:, gambus, 1138:tongkungon 1083:Koubasanan 1035:pinaasakan 972:Bambarayon 801:Conclusion 748:Kalimantan 668:(17.33%), 590:(2%), and 499:(12.67%), 263:bumiputera 240:indigenous 144:dialect), 6064:Pakistani 5963:Chindians 5938:Peranakan 5848:Peranakan 5819:Hainanese 5809:Cantonese 5774:(Sam-Sam) 5747:Peranakan 5652:Mangka'ak 5547:Orang Ulu 5485:Cheq Wong 5322:Sundanese 5290:Baweanese 5258:Banjarese 5147:Anak Jati 5045:Filipinos 4968:Banjarese 4825:Mangka'ak 4483:Crystal. 4353:GeoCities 3895:Pertanika 3791:Anthropos 3560:Penampang 3434:Musa Aman 3410:Ewon Ebin 3080:/" and "/ 2804:Islands, 2655:(Kadazan) 2591:Northern 2545:Ida'anic 2510:Rumanau ( 2482:Makiang ( 2454:Paitanic 2349:Sandayo ( 2318:Minokok ( 2285:Gobukon ( 2271:Tuhawon ( 2264:Tinagas ( 2240:Tagahas ( 2138:language 2013:Lingkobau 2010:Sonsoluon 1967:Pilapazan 1863:Mangkaak 1825:Kodundung 1822:Kavananan 1802:Sogilitan 1799:Tompulung 1796:Sungangon 1790:Dalamason 1713:Pilantong 1649:Sinulihan 1516:drink cup 1508:rice wine 1455:Penampang 1449:The 2014 1354:bangkawan 1303:bangkawan 1294:bangkawan 1271:tonggorib 1211:linggaman 1170:togunggak 1142:sundatang 1125:mamangkis 1096:Sinuangga 1094:for men. 1088:Sinuangga 977:Bobohizan 756:Indonesia 655:(0.67%), 648:(1.33%), 583:(0.67%), 576:(0.67%), 569:(3.33%), 562:(1.33%), 555:(3.33%), 478:subclades 345:Bobohizan 277:Etymology 164:(22.6%), 138:Malaysian 120:Languages 6106:Malaysia 6050:(former) 6043:Japanese 6023:Filipino 6007:Rohingya 5992:Hadhrami 5904:Malayali 5889:Gujarati 5761:Kristang 5711:Tambanuo 5657:Maragang 5480:Mah Meri 5366:Malaysia 5295:Makassar 5285:Javanese 5253:Acehnese 5060:Bengalis 5025:Timorese 4958:Butonese 4953:Javanese 4920:Bulungan 4859:Tambanuo 4830:Maragang 4633:cite web 4561:cite web 4407:15 March 4220:23341637 4118:24965575 4067:24896152 4011:15 March 3987:29933384 3947:PLOS ONE 3835:29521412 3799:40444627 3680:15 March 3600:Kaamatan 3579:See also 3194:Kadazan 3191:English 2834:Division 2679:(Idahan) 2673:(Rungus) 2667:(Bisaya) 2634:Bonggi ( 2588:Murutic 2551:Ida'an ( 2496:Sinabu ( 2413:Kwijau ( 2401:Tatana ( 2394:Bisaya ( 2377:Dumpas ( 2370:Pingas ( 2302:Rungus ( 2226:Tindal ( 2216:Bunduic 2197:Liwanic 2162:Dusunic 2141:dialect 2074:Buludupi 2045:Sinarupa 2042:Kolobuan 1997:group: 1995:Tombonuo 1976:Gonsomon 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