British Post Office scandal

212:, Yorkshire, was pursued for £25,859 after he refused to pay a shortfall that had been caused by Horizon. The case was heard before judge Richard Havery in December 2006 and January 2007. Castleton represented himself and counterclaimed damages in the sum of £11,250 on the ground that the Post Office wrongfully determined (that is, terminated) his contract as a subpostmaster following his suspension. The judge found for the Post Office on both the claim and the counterclaim. Unable to afford the losses and the £321,000 in legal costs, Castleton declared himself bankrupt. In September 2023, solicitor Stephen Dilley, who had represented the Post Office in the case, told the Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry that the Post Office had known Castleton would not be able to pay if he lost, but wanted to send "a message that they were willing to defend the Fujitsu Horizon". Dilley defended the decision not to disclose details of the 12,000–15,000 calls being made every month by other sub-postmasters reporting technical problems with Horizon, saying the request for disclosure by Castleton was 'onerous'. 1508:

in the government's interests and keep compensation paid to as little as possible and that "averments by the Post Office about its concern for fairness require to be read against that legal constraint." He writes: "There should be independence at the point where an applicant for compensation engages – not once there is 'an issue'. Compensation paid will tend to be skewed in favour of the Post Office/the government." He points out that the three compensation schemes are administered respectively by the Post Office's solicitors; by the Post Office's owner; and by the Post Office itself. He writes that the scheme for those with overturned convictions "is not compensation but is the continuation of litigation. The most grievously harmed victims of the Post Office remain locked in adversarial litigation." Those who do not have convictions, he writes, become "engaged in a quasi-inquisitorial process." Marshall illustrates his argument of non-independence and of continuance of litigation with the following example:

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conclusions stated that, although "e have so far found no evidence of system wide (systemic) problems with the Horizon software", the Post Office was aware of the existence of at least two defects or bugs in the software, one of which had occurred at least twice before being detected and fixed, which had led to false shortfalls in accounts at 76 branches. The losses in two of these incidents had been identified by the Post Office and the subpostmasters had not been held liable, but one incident "resulted in branches being asked to make good incorrect amounts." It also identified incidents when communication and hardware issues had caused account imbalances, noted the Post Office's failure to investigate reports of IT issues, and criticised the Post Office's focus on account recovery and prosecution over discovering how shortfalls had occurred. More than 100 subpostmasters were by this time saying that they had been prosecuted or forced to repay shortfalls created by Horizon.

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in branch accounts. I am aware that criticism of the Post Office and Fujitsu in this respect may prove to be controversial, as earlier criticism of certain aspects of the Post Office's case in Judgment (No. 3) was not well received by it. However, if criticism is justified, I consider it would be detrimental to proper resolution of the group litigation if that criticism were to be withheld simply because it might lead to a further negative reaction by the Post Office. It is also an inherent part of the judicial function in any litigation to make findings, which may include criticisms where justified, that may be contrary to a litigant's own view of the merits of their case. Some litigants are so convinced of the righteousness of their own position that they consistently refuse to accept any possible view of the litigation other than their own. Such a blinkered view is rarely helpful, and would be particularly unhelpful from a publicly owned institution.

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allowed on both grounds of appeal – i.e. 'first' and 'second' category abuse of process of the court by the Post Office as prosecuting authority. The second is the very serious conclusion that the Post Office was engaged in conduct likely to undermine the criminal justices system and/or public confidence in it. The essential distinction is that if a person was prosecuted on the sole basis of evidence in their Horizon account, then the appeal against conviction has been allowed... but if that was not the sole/only basis for their prosecution and other data/evidence was available as the basis for a prosecution, the appeals failed... Further, it appears to be the case... that appeals have only been allowed by appeal courts where the Post Office has accepted that there were disclosure failures in connection with Horizon... The Post Office failed to give important and highly relevant disclosure in

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scandal; he had assumed that the police or the Crown Prosecution Service were responsible for the decision to prosecute. Adam Crozier, former CEO of Royal Mail, said he was not aware of the prosecutions brought by Post Office Ltd against subpostmasters during his tenure. David Miller, former Post Office COO, told the inquiry that he should not have said to the board that Horizon was "robust and fit for purpose". Rodric Williams, a litigation lawyer for the Post Office, said there was a "bunker mentality" among staff in relation to the media's coverage of the Horizon system; asked by a journalist when was the last time the Post Office did research into subpostmasters' satisfaction with it, Williams said: "We don't need to do research ... the vast majority of our agents and other users work with it just fine".

543:, and marked as confidential. The report criticised multiple aspects of both the Horizon system and the Post Office's investigations of shortfalls. It stated that the system was prone to errors due to faulty or outdated equipment, communication errors, and lack of security; it stated "A consequence of the progressive transfer of risk from Post Office to Subpostmasters is that, in our opinion, there is little incentive for Post Office to improve the error repellency of its business systems. Our investigations have shown that the majority of branch losses were caused by “errors made at the counter”. Many of these errors might have been avoided, or mitigated, had more robust, error repellent, systems been introduced." It stated that Horizon had not been accurately tracking money from 1600: 1732: 2015:

Office's structure and the failure of some employees to pass on information meant that she was unaware that subpostmasters were being required to make good Horizon shortfalls or being wrongly prosecuted. Given evidence that showed that she had been told in 2011 that remote access to Horizon was possible, she said that she had not understood what she had been told. Vennells agreed that "the right and honest thing for the Post Office to have done" would have been to let the CCRC know immediately in 2013 about the doubts over the evidence of Gareth Jenkins, the Fujitsu engineer who designed the Horizon accounting system and who had withheld information from the courts about bugs in the software.

374:"is investigating the way that the Post Office has accounted for the compensation payments and provisions". Heather Self, tax consultant, agreeing with Neidle's assessment said, "The payments of compensation by the Post Office are almost certainly not deductible for corporation tax purposes, in my view." Neidle maintains that the Post Office does not currently have enough money to pay a £100m tax bill and would be technically insolvent. Although compensation payments seem to have been deducted from profits for tax purposes, they appear to have been ignored when calculating executive pay. In year ending 2022 the CEO was paid a salary of £436,000 and a bonus of £137,000. Neidle said: 1096: 565:, a minister at the Department for Business, maintains that when, in 2015, he was required to read out a speech written for him stating that Horizon was reliable, he initially refused and insisted on a meeting with Paula Vennells. "She and officials told me that there was no evidence of a systemic failure in the software, and the department's lawyer insisted I mustn't accept liability for the department or Post Office". Freeman went on to make the speech in the House of Commons: "Second Sight produced two independent reports – one in 2013 and the other earlier this year – both of which found there was no evidence of systemic flaws in the system". Another minister, 1920:

Specifically, the Post Office has maintained privilege over documents relevant to the ongoing group litigation claim in the Employment Tribunal... It has also maintained privilege over legal advice related to the Historical Shortfall Scheme and to current and anticipated claims from individuals whose criminal convictions have or will be quashed... The decision by the Post Office to maintain privilege over certain documents could have wide-reaching ramifications for the inquiry... If it withholds such advice on the basis that it is relevant to current and anticipated claims from those who have had their convictions quashed, this may lead to gaps in the inquiry.

1478:, the government decided this group could not apply for compensation through the historic shortfall scheme. The details of the settlement between the subpostmasters and the Post Office were not made public until August 2020. In February 2022, MPs from parliament's Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) committee expressed concerns about the time taken to make settlements to former Post Office operators who were wrongfully convicted and warned that compensation needed to be concluded urgently, as many of those affected by the long-running scandal are elderly, some having died while awaiting redress, while others remained at risk of losing their homes. 855:, a civil action in the High Court by some 555 people. There were six lead claimants, and 23 common issues (that is issues common to all the cases) were identified and agreed to enable the court to examine the 555 cases. The case was settled mid-trial by consent and without judgment as to costs; Post Office costs have been estimated as £100m and those of the subpostmasters as £47m. The Post Office agreed to pay the subpostmasters £58 million, but after legal costs the claimants were left with £12 million to share. During the trial, which had been divided into a number of sub-trials, those acting for the Post Office attempted to persuade the judge to 581:

were Post Office's customers or its Subpostmasters. When is the Post Office going to return the funds that, in effect, belonged to its Subpostmasters?... It also seems to be clear now that some of those funds could have been generated by Horizon itself, or by errors made by the Post Office's own staff, or by those of Fujitsu. They weren't 'real' losses at all. They were phantom discrepancies... If the Post Office Board had believed... and acted on... what Second Sight reported... instead of being led by the nose by its own middle management and in-house and external legal advisors, huge amounts of money, and human suffering, would have been avoided.

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report would describe two bugs in the Horizon Online software. Clarke, wanting to know who had told Second Sight about the bugs, arranged a call the next day to Gareth Jenkins, a Fujitsu Services employee who had acted as an expert witness in several cases. Jenkins said he had declared the two bugs to Second Sight, and was confident they did not compromise Horizon's audit trail, but went on to state "you can never say there are no more bugs in the system". Clarke quickly formed a view that Jenkins should not be used in future as an expert witness, and that use of Horizon data in past cases should be reviewed. He made an

1424:, Moorhead recognised the radical nature of the proposed legislation but explained that the need to exonerate the victims of the scandal "at pace" was imperative, to enable compensation to be paid quickly. The former president of the Council of HM Circuit Judges, Isobel Plumstead, criticised the proposal as dangerous: "if you do it once you can do it again". She said, "It is overriding the whole judicial system. It will inevitably lead to pressure for action in respect of other findings in criminal cases where a sort of moral right to exoneration is urged." Barrister Sam Fowles wrote in an opinion piece in 840: 444:

pensions and benefits from Post Office branch counters. When, in May 1999, the plug was finally pulled on what the Commons public accounts committee called 'one of the biggest IT failures in the public sector', taxpayers had lost around £700m. Something had to be salvaged, however. So, against the better judgement of its IT specialists, the Post Office decided to use the system to transform its paper-based branch accounting into an electronic system covering the full range of Post Office services. The new Horizon project became the largest non-military IT contract in Europe.

52:. Between 1999 and 2015, more than 900 subpostmasters were convicted of theft, fraud and false accounting based on faulty Horizon data, with about 700 of these prosecutions carried out by the Post Office. Other subpostmasters were prosecuted but not convicted, forced to cover shortfalls caused by Horizon with their own money, or had their contracts terminated. The court cases, criminal convictions, imprisonments, loss of livelihoods and homes, debts, and bankruptcies led to stress, illness, family breakdowns and at least four suicides. In 2024, Prime Minister 1117:.. the court must act judicially. It would be wrong in principle for the court to permit the respondent (the Post Office) effectively to preclude argument on Ground 2 by its concession that Ground 1 is not opposed. ... The appellants have suffered very severely as a consequence of their prosecutions, and a finding in their favour on Ground 1 alone would not fully vindicate them. ... there has been an important disclosure since the Commission referred the cases, and submitted that the public interest required consideration of the complete picture. 423: 1503:

deductions paid to the official receiver. The barrister added: 'It appears that the shortfall scheme takes no account of whether the root cause of the bankruptcy was or may have been generated by the Horizon software. Compensation is intended to put the claimant in the position they would have been if they had not been adversely affected... many of the debts accrued by these people which led to bankruptcy were caused by the shortfalls '... The compensation award is then 'swallowed up' by legal obligations to repay debts.

96:. In 2019, the judge ruled that the subpostmasters' contracts were unfair, and that Horizon "contained bugs, errors and defects". The case was settled for £58 million, leaving the claimants with £12 million after legal costs. The judge's rulings led to subpostmasters challenging their convictions in the courts and the government setting up an independent inquiry in 2020. The Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry was converted into a statutory public inquiry the following year. The public inquiry is ongoing and the 1915:

November, Williams reported that all four parties had responded within the timescale specified and added "The response of POL, on any view, goes a very long way towards meeting the request I made of them. It is clear to me that in respect of many of the most crucial lines of investigation for the Inquiry POL has waived legal professional privilege." The Post Office published its response to the request on 15 November 2021. One commentator, Elisa Wahnon, wrote that although BEIS was prepared to waive privilege:

1777:, Minister for Small Business, Consumers and Labour Markets, announced the scope of the independent review into the Post Office Horizon IT system and the trials. The terms specifically excluded the Post Office's prosecution function, the Horizon group damages settlement, and the conduct of current or future litigation. Of the review's terms of reference, Lord Arbuthnot asked in the House of Lords chamber on 6 October, "hy have the Government excluded these most important things?" The minister replied that the 8444: 863:, commenting on the two very senior lawyers who had advised the Post Office Board on the strategy, described it as "misuse (of) a very serious instrument designed to aid fairness as a weapon purely for their wealthy client's benefit". At the Horizon inquiry, a former Post Office manager admitted that the ultimately lost case was seen by the Post Office as a way of "killing off" challenges to the Horizon system. Kathleen Donnelly, one of the barristers who acted for the subpostmasters in the case, said: 191:... The Private Prosecutors' Association question whether the Post Office was conducting private prosecutions at all and was in fact a 'publicly-owned entity and a public prosecutor' during the relevant period... One of the CCRC's principal concerns is whether any organisation with the Post Office's combined status, as victim, investigator and prosecutor, would be able to take decisions on investigations and disclosure 'appropriately free from conflict of interest and conscious or unconscious bias'. 1113:

these cases, the Post Office did not resist the appeal on first ground but it would oppose the second ground. The Post Office divided the appellants into three groups: group A, four cases where it asserted that both categories 1 and 2 abuse of process applied; group B, 35 cases where category 1 applied, but not category 2; and group C, where neither category applied. The Post Office would not seek a retrial of any appellant whose appeal was allowed. Counsel for three of the appellants argued that:

1069:. The six cases were from magistrates' court convictions for theft, fraud and false accounting in London, Luton, Basingstoke, Oxford, Burton-upon-Trent and Scarborough between 2004 and 2012. The Post Office did not oppose the appeals and apologised for what they called "historical failings." At the end of the hearing the judge said, "I am sure that all of the appellants are grateful for the approach that the Post Office has taken finally to this matter and that it can be put to rest for them." 1402:, at the Justice Committee on 16 January and at a press conference on 6 February indicated otherwise. The Chief Justice had been asked by the Justice Secretary to 'speak urgently' with him and had two short conversations. But, said the Chief Justice, "any suggestion that the judiciary has given any proposed legislation the green light is simply not true." Carr added that it was not for the judiciary to comment on the wisdom of proposed legislation. Haroon Siddique, writing in 1009:, Post Office's chief executive, wrote to ministers saying it would stand by the prosecution of more than half of the post office operators targeted during the Horizon scandal: it would be "bound to oppose" appeals in 369 cases. In the letter, Read wrote: "This clearly raises acute political, judicial, and communications challenges against the very significant public and parliamentary pressure for some form of acceleration or by-passing of the normal appeals process." 628:

access to prosecution files, which he needed to investigate his suspicions that the Post Office had brought cases against subpostmasters with "inadequate investigation and inadequate evidence". He said that these files were still outstanding 18 months after they had been requested. The working group reached a stalemate and was wound up in March 2015, 18 months after it had been set up, having reneged on its promise to include subpostmasters with convictions.

1244:, was instructed as an expert witness. Misra, recalling the moment when she was sentenced to 15 months in prison in 2010, said, "It's hard to say but I think that if I had not been pregnant, I would have killed myself." Post Office solicitor Singh meanwhile sent a celebratory email to Post Office managers, in which he said: "it is to be hoped the case will set a marker to dissuade other defendants from jumping on the Horizon-bashing bandwagon". 216:

This strategy was repeatedly referred to as a "nice legal point" by counsel to the Horizon Inquiry, Jason Beer. Richard Moorhead maintains "The same strategy formed a central part of the Post Office's thinking in subsequent cases and provided a legal rationale for insulating Horizon from legal challenges without proper evidence of its robustness." The Castleton case was analysed and assessed by the University of Exeter School of Law in 2024.

1382:, said that all those claiming compensation would have to sign a "statement of truth" to confirm they had not committed the crimes of which they were accused. He explained, "Anyone subsequently found to have signed such a statement untruthfully will be putting themselves at risk of prosecution or fraud." The BBC described the proposal as 'unprecedented', with a number of possible problems that might make implementation difficult. 1433:

government is sweeping the whole thing under the carpet by overturning all the convictions in one fell swoop. But it's a transparently political manoeuvre. Ministers (despite knowing about the scandal for years) showed no interest in mass exoneration until it saw a political upside. This sets a dangerous precedent, overturning criminal convictions based on political opportunism rather than justice, fact, and law.

1561:. The additional claims meant the closure date would have to be put back. Possible claims concerning Capture, a predecessor of Horizon that had been used by over 1,000 subpostmasters in the 1990s, were discussed. Remediation matters director Ricaldin told the committee that, of the eight cases of people experiencing problems with the Capture system, four had resulted in convictions and were being investigated. 1999:

Office, was questioned about her statement to the High Court in 2019 in which she said she had only become aware in 2018 that transactions could be input to Horizon without a sub-postmaster's knowledge; emails given to the inquiry showed she was told about this in 2010 and 2014. Van den Bogerd told the inquiry that she did not remember receiving the December 2010 email, calling it "very strange".

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and in many cases untruthfully denied that any other subpostmasters had reported problems. In May 2002, shopkeeper Baljit Sethi raised concerns with the press that there were errors in Horizon, after his wife Anjana was notified that her subpostmaster contract would be terminated. The Post Office responded that it "totally refuted" that the system was faulty, and that it had "sent experts

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successive chairs, chief executives, board members, shareholder directors, regulators, departmental sponsors or ministers should carry the can, if any – but, collectively, there was a lack of clear accountability from which the government must learn. This is not just a question of who should have spotted and acknowledged the problem, but who should have driven its resolution over time.

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knew about these faults at the time, as it openly communicated with subpostmasters about them." The Post Office declined to answer detailed questions about Capture, leaving uncertainty about the number of subpostmasters affected. At least two subpostmasters using the system were accused of fraud, but protests that the accounting problems were a "glitch in the system" were ignored.

1991:, appearing in week 1, told the inquiry: " knew there was a large number of bugs in the system that they hadn't told MPs about. They were operating some sort of behind-the-scenes deception process which suggests to me now that they were stringing MPs along in order to preserve the robustness of Horizon, the existence of Horizon and possibly the existence of the Post Office". 1485:, Post Office chief executive, urged the government to provide funding for compensation, saying "The Post Office simply does not have the financial resources to provide meaningful compensation." Shortly afterward, the government promised "fair and speedy" pay-outs for the 555 victims of the Horizon IT scandal who had been excluded from the Post Office's compensation scheme. 2031:

with a cover-up" by the Post Office "and possibly a criminal conspiracy". They also stated that they had been the subject of legal threats by the Post Office. Also testifying in week 10, Richard Christou, former CEO and executive chairman of Fujitsu Services Holdings, said he had always regarded the rollout of the Horizon IT system as one of Fujitsu’s "major successes".

1192:, first noticed problems with the Horizon system in 2005 and in 2006 was prosecuted for a Horizon shortfall of £36,000; she pleaded guilty to false accounting in order to avoid going to prison on a theft charge. She was told by the Post Office that she was the only one having problems with Horizon and had to pay them for the Horizon shortfall. Hamilton, alongside 1288:

2013 – but the only one to have been judicially considered. The Post Office and the government have latched on to the Court of Appeal's approach and treat it in effect as determinative that issues and claims other than arising out of Horizon shortfalls are outwith compensation arrangements. The analysis, and therefore the conclusion, are both arguably flawed.

888:, brought by 555 claimants. At the start of the proceedings, the Post Office unsuccessfully opposed the making or the existence of a group litigation order. The Post Office had set up a litigation sub-committee, attended on 24 April 2019 by Tim Parker, Tom Cooper (director of UK Government Investments), David Cavender, Alisdair Cameron, Ben Foat, staff from 2209:"If one were commissioned – any investigation would need to be disclosed in court. Although we would be doing the review to comfort others, any perception that POL doubts its own systems would mean that all criminal prosecutions would have to be stayed. It would also beg a question for the Court of Appeal over past prosecutions and imprisonments." 1833:

on 1 June 2021 with additional powers, including the ability to compel witnesses and demand evidence, with potential fines or imprisonment for non-compliance. Scully said he and Sir Wyn had agreed that the context of the events had changed after convictions were quashed and hundreds more were expected to follow. Boris Johnson said in May 2021:

2068:, told the inquiry that the Post Office became UKGI's top priority in 2019, after the "excoriating" judgment in the group litigation. He said he "had heard for the previous years that there was nothing wrong with Horizon" and blamed "a closed, defensive culture that was not in the business of giving information". Former Post Office minister 1513:

was headed 'Without Prejudice'. The Post Office is in a position to determine both if and what compensation is paid. Further, no argument for the continuing participation of Herbert Smith Freehills in the operation/management or supervision of the HSS scheme is available that is capable of being reconciled with established legal principle.

1471:. It was designed to compensate subpostmasters who had lost money due to shortfalls caused by Horizon, but had not taken part in the group action and had not been convicted. The scheme is administered by the Post Office. By 15 January 2024 the scheme had received 2,753 eligible claims and paid out £93 million to over 2,172 claimants. 919:, Therium. The high cost of High Court battles means that some cases may not make it to court without them. The matter ended by consent when the Post Office agreed to pay costs of £58 million, without admitting liability, and compensation was therefore not awarded. Of that payment, £46 million went to the financial backers. 1125:... only three... had actively sought to argue Ground 2 ... appellants would be content to have their appeals allowed on Ground 1 alone... however, appellants do contend that Ground 2 is made out in their cases... if the court concluded that argument should be heard on Ground 2, they would wish their submissions on Ground 2 heard. 1138:"Ground 1 presupposes... that there should be a prosecution... the public may legitimately feel... that a finding in the appellant's favour on Ground 2 adds materially to a finding in his or her favour on Ground 1... If in fact an appellant should never have been prosecuted at all... the court should make that determination." 1216:, was jailed for 12 months in 2010 due to an error caused by Horizon. She and her husband lost their home and had to sleep in a van, before being helped by a local charity. After her conviction was overturned she was able to make a donation out of her interim compensation payment to the charity that had helped them. 361:, who said that his departure was about more than just the Horizon scandal, but concerned the governance of the Post Office more generally. In February 2024 it was reported that the government would meet representatives of post office operators to discuss the possibility of handing them ownership of the Post Office. 8689:"Submissions to the Horizon Post Office IT Inquiry made by Richard Moorhead, Professor of Law and Professional Ethics, University of Exeter, made based on the work of the team researching the Post Office Scandal at Exeter's Evidence Based Justice Data Lab, with Dr. Rebecca Helm (Exeter) and Dr. Karen Nokes (UCL)" 1557:

Read accepted that settlements in the overturned convictions scheme had been slow. Simon Recaldin, director responsible for compensation and disclosures, explained that closure of the Horizon shortfall scheme had been planned for March 2025, but a further 1,000 claims were made following the transmission of

8284: 134:, brought forward hundreds of criminal prosecutions of subpostmasters when the Horizon accounting system reported that money was missing from their post offices. In all, between 1999 and 2015, over 900 subpostmasters were prosecuted and 236 went to prison. The Post Office itself prosecuted 700 people. 2204:

If the legal system and wider society are to have any confidence in computer evidence the providers of such evidence must be able to demonstrate that they are managing their systems responsibly. This was not the case at the Post Office and Fujitsu. Horizon was not subjected to a full, rigorous system

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If I can end by putting the case metaphorically for a moment. Considering the Horizon saga without considering the lawyering, and without lifting professional privilege, would be a bit like considering Watergate without considering the White House Tapes. Essential, telling, perhaps vital information

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Neil Hudgell, representing SPMs, said "Now Post Office officials must face criminal investigation for maliciously ruining lives by prosecuting innocent people in pursuit of profits", and called for the prime minister to convene a judge-led inquiry. After the subpostmasters' successful appeals on both

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You have told us that there is a strong case that many of the cases that have been settled may need to be reopened. You have told us that many of the claims you are working on are so problematic that you can't accept them. You have told us that there are significant process delays, that you appear to

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As of 11 January 2024, approximately £153 million had been paid to over 2,700 claimants across these three schemes, with 64% of all those affected by the scandal having received full and final compensation. It is estimated that more than 4,000 people have been told they are eligible for compensation.

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The government could give the commission and the courts the resources to investigate outstanding wrongful convictions. But this would risk exposing more Post Office wrongdoing and/or highlight the long-term flaws in the justice system that allowed false prosecutions to go on for so long. Instead, the

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were overturned may need to be told 'You have to go back to the Court of Appeal, but you will do so with Government assistance, with legal aid, so that these things can be overturned by the Court of Appeal.' I think that is still up for bottoming out, and we have not come to any firm conclusion on it.

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Okay, the PR line would have gone, we were a terrible prosecutor but only in a tiny number of cases. They resisted Ground 2 partly on the basis that prosecution misconduct was limited to a particular period of time. What has emerged only recently is that the solicitors acting for the Post Office took

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The second piece of advice was written in August 2013, after Clarke became aware that the head of security at the Post Office had given instructions to shred minutes of a conference call about Horizon bugs, and again reminded the Post Office of prosecution disclosure obligations. The existence of the

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From April 2012, the legal firm Cartwright King had a contract to handle Post Office prosecutions in England and Wales. Simon Clarke, a barrister employed by Cartwright King, was assigned his first Post Office case in April or May 2013, and on 27 June he became aware that the forthcoming Second Sight

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In January 2024, the BBC reported that the Post Office had threatened to sue Ian Henderson, from Second Sight, when he uncovered evidence of miscarriages of justice, saying: "If your statements go as far as to harm Post Office's reputation then we may have to take even more serious action in order to

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case: "the NFSP is not remotely independent of the Post Office, nor does it appear to put its members' interests above its own separate commercial interests". At the Horizon Inquiry, the NFSP submitted in June 2023 that it had been continually deceived by the Post Office as to the design, integration

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Complex governance arrangements can make it hard to pin accountability on individuals. These complexities mean that if any accountable person wanted to believe that someone else should have gripped the problem instead of them, plenty of such candidates were available. It is not yet clear which of the

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A public interest investigation by the computer scientist Junade Ali in January 2024 found that Gareth Jenkins, who gave evidence in court attesting to the accuracy of the Horizon system (and later became a person of interest to the Metropolitan Police), solely relied upon qualifications obtained by

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The Post Office, which is owned by BEIS, took a more cautious approach. It agreed 'as a general principle' to waive legal privilege for the purpose of the inquiry (ie a limited waiver) over relevant material but maintain privilege over documents relevant to ongoing litigation/remediation activities.

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We must stand with postmasters to get to the bottom of what went wrong in the Post Office Horizon IT dispute. I heard first-hand the irreparable impact it has had on their lives. That's why, in light of the recent Court of Appeal judgment, we're stepping up our independent inquiry by putting it on a

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Those working with Horizon victims say there are obvious reasons why people have not come forward. 'You have a significant number who have not come forward, either because they were so traumatised they want nothing to do with it or because they still don't realise they are entitled,' said the Labour

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I recently received a letter in connection with observations made by me in January 2023 in connection with an HSS scheme claim; the author of/signatory to the letter being Mr Simon Ricaldin of the Post Office. Mr Ricaldin has overall responsibility within the Post Office for compensation. The letter

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The CCRC referred the cases because it considered that two cogent lines of argument in relation to abuse of process were available to each appellant: first, that the reliability of Horizon data was essential to the prosecution and conviction, and it was not possible for the trial process to be fair;

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I raised this question repeatedly, both internally and with Fujitsu, and was always given the same answer: that it was not possible for branch records to be altered remotely without the subpostmaster's knowledge. Indeed, I remember being told by Fujitsu's then CEO when I raised it with him that the

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in 2004; sufficient evidence had been gathered by 2009 to publish. A campaign group, Justice for Subpostmasters Alliance (JFSA), was formed by Bates and others in September 2009. By 2012, concern in the media, and amongst a number of members of parliament, had grown. As a result, an independent firm

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Subpostmasters began reporting balancing errors within weeks of the Horizon system being installed, via the helpline the subpostmasters were instructed to use. The Post Office denied the subpostmasters' reports of faults in the system, insisted that the subpostmasters make up any shortfall of money,

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In May 2024, Stephen Clayman, the Metropolitan Police commander, confirmed that plans had been drawn up to expand the investigation into a national effort, saying, “Given the significant scale of the investigation, it has been agreed by the National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) that the next phase

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into the scandal would deliver its conclusions in autumn 2022. Wyn Williams said that the inquiry would produce a statement of approach and that, in September 2021, a further statement would set out all relevant details. The extant non-statutory inquiry was formally converted to a statutory inquiry

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The following day, on the floor of the House, Byrne said that the Post Office chief executive had not received a clear written instruction from the Government to accelerate all the compensation schemes. Byrne called on the minister to "again reflect, when he brings his Bill before the House, on the

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The committee had heard from James Hartley and Neil Hudgell, solicitors for different groups of victims. In the complex cases they had not been seeing fair offers. The process was too legalistic and offensive to a lot of postmasters. Hudgell said "there is too much lawyering going on. Everything is

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In March 2023 Marshall, in a submission to the Horizon Inquiry, criticised the structure of the compensation schemes and their lack of independence. He writes that, since English company law requires the board of a company to act in the interests of its shareholders, the Post Office is bound to act

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Since those cases were referred to the Court of Appeal, things have come out within the public inquiry about the investigators' behaviour and about the Post Office's entire approach to the ethics of prosecution, which I believe take us way beyond the application of Horizon data... Those whose cases

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litigation. As is elsewhere noted, Fraser J knew only the half-of-it and was in any event, as his judgment made clear, only concerned with Horizon – and the Post Office's contention that it was a reliable and robust system. Horizon was only one of a raft of problems confronting the Post Office from

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on the part of the Post Office, a failure that cost Misra a fair trial. Giving evidence at the Horizon IT Inquiry, Warwick Tatford, the barrister who had represented the Post Office at Misra's trial, acknowledged the failures of disclosure and said that he was ashamed to have been part of the case.

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Vennells, the then-Post Office chief executive, in December 2019, after the Post Office conceded the court cases, apologised to workers affected by the scandal, saying: "I am truly sorry we were unable to find both a solution and a resolution outside of litigation and for the distress this caused."

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The recusal application was issued the day after Mr Godeseth's cross-examination had made it clear, not only that this remote access existed, but after he was taken in careful cross-examination through specific examples of Fujitsu personnel manipulating branch accounts, and leading to discrepancies

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In July 2023, Parliament debated the Post Office's management culture. The then government representative, Tom Cooper, a senior civil servant, had been heavily criticised and had resigned following a scandal concerning Post Office bonuses and the slow disclosure of documents to the Horizon Inquiry.

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The Operator shall be fully liable for any loss of or damage to, any Post Office Cash and Stock (however this occurs and whether it occurs as a result of any negligence by the Operator, its Personnel or otherwise, or as a result of any breach of the Agreement by the Operator)... Any deficiencies in

182:

asking if the Committee would undertake a formal review of the circumstances, and what safeguards were in place, "when an organisation is allowed to act as a prosecutor when it is also the victim and the investigator of an alleged offence". The committee's report into private prosecutions and their

145:

By February 2024, more than 4,000 subpostmasters had been identified as eligible for compensation. In Scotland, 73 convicted subpostmasters were identified in 2020. By March 2024, 19 of those 73 had applied for their convictions to be reviewed. The BBC said it was possible that hundreds more people

141:

against convicted subpostmasters, allowing it to seize their assets. In addition to those convicted, there were subpostmasters who were prosecuted but not convicted, and many more who, without being prosecuted, had their contracts terminated and lost money as they were forced to pay the Post Office

2030:

On 18 June, Ian Henderson and Ron Warmington of the forensic accounting company Second Sight gave evidence. They stated that the Post Office had interfered with their investigation, and seemed to be concerned mostly with self-protection. By February 2015, Henderson said, he felt they "were dealing

2026:

In week 9, Andrew Parsons, a partner at Womble Bond Dickinson, a law firm advising the Post Office for more than seven years, testified that in 2013 he had counselled the Post Office to remove apologies from letters sent to subpostmasters and to "maintain a more cold, procedural approach", writing

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The Inquiry will consider only those matters set out in the preceding sections A-F. The Inquiry will not consider any issue which is outside the scope of the powers conferred upon the Inquiry by the Inquiries Act 2005. The Horizon group damages settlement (albeit the Inquiry may examine the events

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asking it to re-establish the inquiry on a statutory footing and to reconsult on the terms of reference, saying: "The department should be called as witnesses under oath, not have effective control of the inquiry", ... "The Post Office wrongly prosecuted so many upstanding pillars of the community

1798:, began work in autumn 2020 and issued a call for evidence on 1 December 2020. The first public hearing took place on 15 January 2021. During the non-statutory inquiry, two public hearings were held in early 2021. A preliminary hearing on the provisional List of Issues was held on 8 November 2021. 1517:

Marshall accepts that the structure of the schemes was created and affected by the litigation that gave rise to the need for compensation. He writes that there is no answer to his criticism except "the Post Office's averment... that it wishes to see fair compensation paid." Nearly 12 months later,

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This is one of the greatest miscarriages of justice in our nation's history. People who worked hard to serve their communities had their lives and reputations destroyed, through absolutely no fault of their own. The victims must get justice and compensation... But today I can announce that we will

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in Surrey and was prosecuted by the Post Office when her Horizon accounts showed a false shortfall of over £70,000. She was convicted of theft and sent to prison when pregnant. A few days before Misra's trial began in October 2010, three Post Office solicitors, Rob Wilson, Jarnail Singh and Juliet

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At the April hearings, after considering the submissions of the subpostmasters and the Post Office, the court stated, "In those circumstances, we are satisfied that a fair trial was not possible in any of the "Horizon cases" and that Ground 1 accordingly succeeds in each of those cases." The court

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Each of the forty-two cases was considered individually. Of the forty-two, just two had previously appealed, unsuccessfully. The Post Office accepted Fraser's findings of the unreliability of the Horizon systems and, in some cases, of inadequate investigation, and/or of insufficient disclosure. In

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It is obvious that the Post Office had a strategy to withhold material until they were forced to produce it. This caused delay, disruption and ran up costs. We only received significant documents after a battle and were left with little time to review them, sometimes just days before a witness was

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The Swift Review revealed to the PO Chairman that secret remote access to Horizon was possible in 2016. The Chairman discussed the review with PO's General Counsel (Macloed). The Bates litigation, roundly criticised by the High Court judge dealing with it for being misleading, was founded in part,

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In 2020, Vennells, who stood down from her Post Office role in 2019, said of the 2013 report that "it concluded, while it had not found evidence of system-wide problems with the Horizon software, there were specific areas where Post Office should consider its procedures and operational support for

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announced that the Horizon system would be replaced by a new IT system that would be "more user-friendly, easier to adapt for new products and services, and cloud-based to ensure easy maintenance and ready interoperability with other systems", and presented a plan to share Post Office profits with

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BBC business editor Simon Jack, on 12 January 2024, reported that the Post Office had underpaid more than £100m in tax by deducting payments to victims of the Horizon scandal from its profits. Tax expert Dan Neidle maintained that claiming tax relief for compensation paid to victims of the scandal

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found that the "contractual relationship between the Post Office and the SPMs was a relational contract. This imposes an implied duty of good faith on both parties." He added that "the parties must refrain from conduct which in the relevant context would be regarded as commercially unacceptable by

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Courts began to quash the subpostmasters' convictions in December 2020. By February 2024, 100 of the convictions had been overturned. Those wrongfully convicted became eligible for compensation, as did more than 2,750 subpostmasters who had been affected by the scandal but not convicted. The final

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during the investigations and prosecutions carried out by the Post Office. Two former Fujitsu expert witnesses were interviewed under caution. The Metropolitan Police confirmed in January 2024 that they were investigating possible additional offences of fraud in relation to "monies recovered from

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and chairperson Nigel Railton, former sub-postmaster Christopher Head wrote that the leak had "caused a great amount of upset, distress and anger amongst those whose data is now within the public domain" and observed that many sub-postmasters whose data had been leaked "hadn't shared details with

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In week 3, Susan Crichton, former General Counsel of the Post Office, testified that problems in the system came to be referred to as 'branch exceptions' rather than 'bugs' and agreed that this demonstrated the use of 'smoke and mirrors'. Angela van den Bogerd, a former senior manager at the Post

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On 27 February 2024, Nick Read, Post Office CEO, told the Business and Trade Committee investigation into fair and fast redress for sub-postmasters that all of the original applicants to the Horizon shortfall scheme had been made offers and that he thought "in the region of 62%" had been settled.

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reported that of the 700 post office workers prosecuted in England and Wales, about 250, more than a third, have yet to respond to contact despite efforts by the Post Office and, separately, by the Criminal Cases Review Commission. In Scotland, 73 potential victims have been contacted but just 19

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The default position appears to be 'if not a Horizon shortfall case' the Post Office's prosecution was unimpeachable and its evidence has been treated as reliable and the resulting conviction not 'unsafe' – the litmus test for a successful appeal. The remaining 39 appeals were, in every instance,

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Marshall argues that the court followed, in the absence of argument and relevant evidence, a "dichotomy/taxonomy" canvassed by the CCRC for those appeals that it considered to be "Horizon cases" and those that were not "Horizon cases". It ought, argues Marshall, to have considered why, in so many

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appeal judgments are again too superficial, despite their acuity and strength of criticism, to stand as the last word on accountability for these failings. It is not good enough to say that the POL prosecution strategies were flawed and failed without also identifying the lines of accountability.

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public interest immunity application in the trial he was working on that was due to commence on 1 July. "The basis of the application ... was the desire to prevent a widespread loss of confidence in a public institution or, a loss of trust in a system operated by such an institution or to prevent

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The Post Office has improperly enriched itself, through the decades, with funds that have passed through its own suspense accounts. Had its own staff more diligently investigated in order to establish who were the rightful owners of those funds, they would have been returned to them, whether they

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MP wrote to the Post Office minister, asking what the Post Office knew about Capture errors and why some subpostmasters were persecuted and prosecuted based on the Capture-generated data: "We know that the Capture software was faulty, resulting in corrupted data. We also know that the Post Office

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Subpostmasters (SPMRs) are self-employed and run branch post offices under contract to the Post Office. There were approximately 11,000 local branches. In Bates vs Post Office, the subpostmasters argued that the Post Office owed a duty of good faith because a relational contract existed. The Post

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Richard Morgan, who had designed the strategy of the Post Office case against Castleton and represented the Post Office at trial, denied that he had been given instruction to establish a legal point. He said "he would have told Post Office he would not do it if those instructions had been given."

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Paula Vennells testified over three days in week 7. Before her appearance, she was called on by former subpostmistress and campaigner Jo Hamilton to tell the truth at the inquiry as she was “heading into the corner where there’s no way out”. When she began testifying, Vennells said that the Post

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In week 5, Simon Clarke, who advised the Post Office to stop prosecuting branch owner-operators, testified that he was "now sure" that the company "must have deceived" him because it failed to provide him with "highly relevant material" and that his law firm "had been mis-instructed" by the Post

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Other witnesses gave evidence in weeks 1 and 2. Alan Cook, former managing director of the Post Office, expressed regret, both for an email in which he wrote that subpostmasters had their "hands in the till" and for not realising sooner that the organisation itself was prosecuting victims of the

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Immediately after the November hearing, Williams said he would ask Post Office Limited, IT supplier Fujitsu, and the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy to waive privilege in respect of material relevant to the terms of reference, and he set a deadline for a response. On 16

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An Act to provide for the payment out of money provided by Parliament of expenditure incurred by the Secretary of State under, or in connection with, schemes or other arrangements to compensate persons affected by the Horizon system and in respect of other matters identified in legal proceedings

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In November 2020, Altman drew the court's attention to the leaking of the Clarke advice to the police and a journalist by Marshall and Flora Page, who were acting for three of the appellants. Marshall and Page resigned from the case under the threat of possible contempt of court proceedings. The

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of the Post Office Scandal as having occurred in a different decade... he Post Office tried to resist the Court Appeal hearing Ground 2 in November 2020. They did so knowing that if they were successful, the evidence of serious wrongdoing available to the court... would be less likely to be made

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was told by Angela van den Bogerd, head of partnerships at the Post Office, that the Post Office had provided Second Sight with the information they had agreed to provide at the outset. Ian Henderson, lead investigator for Second Sight, disagreed and told the committee that he had not been given

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noted that "The judge criticises for what appears to be excessive redaction, which includes concealing the name of a working group called 'X' and other redactions." In January 2024, the BBC obtained and published an un-redacted version of minutes from two Project Sparrow sub-committee meetings

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Conceived in 1996 as one of the first private finance initiative (PFI) contracts, between the Post Office and the Benefits Agency on the one hand and computer company ICL on the other, the Horizon IT system had an unpromising start. It had been set up to create a swipe card system for payment of

404:

think twice. The DWP would not have re-awarded the Post Office card account contract, which pays out £18 billion a year, in the last month if they thought for a minute that this computer system was not reliable... If we are not careful, we damage the brand, we damage the franchise and we cost my

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In week 11, Gareth Jenkins, the former senior Fujitsu engineer who played a leading role in specifying and designing the Horizon system, testified that he "thought the system was working well" and that he was "confident, possibly wrongly so, were quickly fixed and weren't left to fester in the

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The Post Office (Horizon System) Offences Bill was introduced into Parliament on 13 March 2024 and approved on 23 May. It received royal assent the next day, and came into force immediately. The legislation makes provision to quash the Horizon-related convictions of subpostmasters and others in

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The Review demonstrated a tendency to treat with cynicism the appellants and to disregard entirely the human costs of the Post Office's conduct. This blindness to the humanity of others is sometimes reified in practice (and the Bar's Code of Conduct) as fearless advocacy. The Review stands as a

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payments or cash machine transactions – and Post Office investigators had not looked for the cause of the errors, instead accusing the subpostmasters of theft or false accounting. It revealed that the Post Office was aware of the ability for technicians at Fujitsu to remotely alter branch data,

346:

in July 2023, Marina Hyde said: "It remains something of a downer that the most widespread injustice in British legal history doesn't get the full-spectrum fever coverage that is lavished on more frivolous news – but then, the forces formerly known as The Man have always wanted this one covered

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from 1 January 2024. The drama brought the scandal to the centre of public and political attention. During the period of broadcast, an additional fifty victims contacted lawyers, five of whom seek to get criminal convictions quashed. As of 9 January, it was reported that over a hundred further

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If there are to be overturned convictions, they cannot just be about Horizon; they should also be about Capture. Evidence that I have put to the public inquiry and sent to the Minister yesterday clearly indicates that the scandal predates Horizon. Those affected need to be included in both the

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In 2012 forensic accountants Second Sight were appointed by the Post Office to conduct an independent investigation of the Horizon software at the request of a group of MPs and the Justice for Subpostmasters Alliance (JFSA). Second Sight issued an interim report in July 2013. Their preliminary

1976:

On 9 April 2024, the inquiry commenced Phases 5 and 6 to cover "edress, access to justice, Second Sight, Complaint Review and Mediation Scheme, conduct of the group litigation, responding to the scandal, governance, monitoring of Horizon, contractual arrangements, internal and external audit,

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I was in the original Post Office review group. By 2015, a whistleblower from Fujitsu had come forward from the boiler room, as they called it. He had been altering accounts without the knowledge of the sub-postmasters. The MPs in the review group knew. The investigator from Second Sight, Ron

994:

In August 2023 the chair of the Horizon Compensation Advisory Board, Christopher Hodges, wrote to the CCRC setting out the view of the Board. "Our strong belief is that the overwhelming majority of convictions of Sub-Post-Masters and -Mistresses (SPMs) related to Horizon, and possibly also a

1502:

Moloney explained applicant had run a successful postmaster business for 20 years before his life was ruined by a false conviction which led to his mental health deteriorating and his being unable to pay his mortgage. In another case, a victim's award of £25,000 was reduced to £4,500 after

724:

In 2014 auditors from Deloitte found that branch accounts could be altered remotely by Fujitsu. In February 2016 they began a further review, intending to look at Horizon transactions since its launch in 1999, but the Post Office halted their work four months later on legal advice after the

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On 15 July 2013, Clarke wrote an advice to the Post Office which became known as the "Clarke advice". He reminded the Post Office of its obligations as a prosecutor regarding disclosure and of the duties of an expert witness and expressed a view that several trials had been misled as to the

2022:

said that, while she was warned about potential faults in the Horizon IT system when she took up the role in 2011, at the time she did not make a link between those faults and the prosecution of subpostmasters. She also said that the 2013 Clarke advice, raising concerns over expert witness

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commented on 15 February that five weeks after the prime ministerial statement there had been no bill, no draft, and no consultation paper. Rozenberg had speculated that the courts would respect whatever legislation Parliament might pass but, on 15 February thought that remarks made by the

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issued its fourth statement of approach, which included the terms of reference. After setting out preliminary and organisational matters – the appointment of solicitors and counsel to the inquiry, establishment of a website and of premises, etc. – the statement set out terms, in essence:

1129:

The court ordered that, "... in the exercise of the court's discretion we would permit argument on Ground 2 by any appellant who wished to advance it. In the event, each appellant did wish to do so." The court set out its reasoning and highlighted four factors of particular importance:

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MP said, "Of course the Post Office has a non-executive director appointed by the Government. One must assume that that non-executive director is reporting to Ministers." Kevan Jones MP replied, "If I had been the Minister, I would have had that person in and scrutinised what was going

1041:

the unusual but professionally proper (and to be applauded) step of reporting Post Office in-house lawyers for misconduct between 1999–2013. These concerns in other words were not time-bound. The report was not disclosed to the appellants as far as we can tell from public information.

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until 2019, on the basis that secret remote access was not possible. Given Macloed and Parker were involved in the litigation, and it appears to have been run on an incorrect basis that was or ought to have been known to them, the extent of that involvement it needs investigation.

599:, who was leading the 144 MPs who had been contacted by subpostmasters about the issue, accused the organisation of rejecting 90% of applications for mediation. He said the Post Office had been "duplicitous", and suggested there would be legal and political campaigns in response. 453:

The Horizon IT system contained "hundreds" of bugs. Those that came to light were named after the post offices where the bug first occurred. These bugs included: the "Dalmellington Bug," where the system would enter repeated withdrawals in the ledger every time the user pressed

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reported that the day before he was to give evidence at the public inquiry, Jenkins had resigned his BCS membership and Chartered IT Professional status after he was informed earlier that month that he could face disciplinary action for breaching the society's code of conduct.

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system and have a large impact". He admitted that, during prosecutions of subpostmasters, he changed crucial expert testimony at the request of the Post Office, in particular to state that "it looked as though Misra had stolen money rather than that it was incompetence".

1894:

The Phase 2 hearings, covering the Horizon IT System procurement, design, pilot, roll out and modifications, started in October 2022. They were streamed online, as were the later phases of the inquiry. The inquiry also investigated whether the Post Office and ICL's owner,

2041:, part-time PO chairman from 2015 to 2022, gave evidence on 3 July. Questioned about the report he commissioned from barrister Jonathan Swift, he said he regretted accepting internal legal advice which meant the full findings of the report were not shown to the PO board, 590:

After the publication of Second Sight's interim report, a mediation scheme for affected subpostmasters was set up in August 2013, to be funded by the Post Office and run by a working group comprising the Post Office, Second Sight and the JFSA and chaired by retired judge

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No independent review was conducted until Second Sight was commissioned in 2012; their contract was terminated abruptly before it could formally report. The Post Office have not offered any evidence that their own internal auditors conducted an appropriate system audit.

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The Post Office states that the total number of all overturned convictions, as of 2 February 2024, is 101. This includes eight cases in which Post Office was not the prosecutor. Of the 147 completed cases, 37% were refused permission to appeal or withdrawn from Court.

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be employing three times more lawyers than the Government on some of these schemes, and that is it going to take one to two years at the current pace to finally bring justice. Thank you very much indeed for laying that out with such clarity. That concludes this panel.

1463:

There are three schemes for different groups of victims: the overturned convictions scheme for those who were convicted; the Horizon shortfall scheme for those who suffered losses but were not convicted; and the GLO scheme those who took part in the group litigation.

614:

case under the name of the 'X Working Group'. The Post Office claimed privilege in respect both of the name of the project and some of the contents of a document referred to as the 'X Action Summary'. The Evidence-Based Justice Lab Post Office Scandal Project at the

1446:

rather than by the Post Office. The government had set aside £1bn for compensation to victims of the Post Office scandal in 2021. In January 2024, after the announcement of the exoneration bill, Downing Street confirmed that it expects compensation to exceed £1bn.

761:, to investigate. The resulting document was written by two authors, Swift and barrister Christopher Knight, and became known as the Swift Review. The report was completed in February 2016 but was not shared with the Post Office board, and not made public until a 556:

As we have previously stated, when looking at the totality of the 'Horizon experience' we remain concerned that in some circumstances Horizon can be systemically flawed from a user’s perspective and Post Office has not necessarily provided an appropriate level of

1092:, thirty-nine of the convicted former postmasters had their convictions quashed. The case was heard over four days in March 2021. The forty-two appellants were represented by seven teams of barristers; the Post Office representatives were led by Brian Altman QC. 1878:

On 13 February 2022, in a report prior to the start of the hearings, the BBC quoted a prosecuted, jailed and subsequently cleared subpostmaster: "I want someone else to be charged and jailed like I was." This request was later repeated by other subpostmasters.

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After all someone devised the strategy, someone signed it off, someone designed it, someone implemented it and someone managed it; others then endorsed it, defended it and protected it. Those people need to account for their actions and justify what was done.

2160:(which regulates barristers) is a core participant of the public inquiry, and said in February 2024 that no evidence heard by the inquiry "indicates that any members of the Bar present an ongoing risk to the public that requires the BSB to act immediately". 8453: 1020:

I'm not going to rehearse all the arguments and why we think the legitimate concerns about our proposals can and should be met. But I do want to add one point of general interest. That point also addresses the extent to which some would like to portray the

2079:, business secretary between 2010 and 2015, said he was unaware of the prosecutions, despite being in charge of the organisation while in government, and that he agreed with Sir Alan Bates' description of Post Office middle-management as "thugs in suits". 378:

Bonuses have been paid to the executive team based on an apparent level of profitability which does not exist. If a public company missed an obvious tax point that made the business insolvent the shareholders would be demanding the CFO and CEO's head on a

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went on to report that "an investigation by a respected technical journal ... appeared to be calling into question the integrity of the Post Office Horizon system". On 8 September 2009, the jailing of Anglesey subpostmaster Noel Thomas was covered on the

2233:

article written by Rebecca Thomson in July 2013 listed over 300 articles on the scandal published by the magazine, since it first broke the story in May 2009 with seven case studies. This first article was read by a Welsh BBC reporter, and in May 2009

569:, claimed to have been similarly duped in 2004 when he wrote a letter to MPs insisting that “ have found no evidence to suggest there is any fault with the Horizon system and maintain that the decision to terminate Mr Bates’ contract was legitimate.”. 1171:

in Wales. He was convicted of false accounting in 2006, when a Horizon error showed a shortfall of £48,000 in his accounts. He spent 13 weeks in prison and was disqualified as a local councillor. After his conviction was overturned he was honoured by

2027:

that apologising would be "admitting some degree of culpability". In a 2015 email, he wrote that the Post Office could "start attacking the postmasters' credibility by calling out Thomas, Misra and Hamilton as the liars and criminals that they are".

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Marshall cites Detica's report as the "most important single document that appears not to have been disclosed in that (GLO) litigation." The report "advised the Post Office that its systems were 'not fit for purpose' in a modern retail environment."

810:, in a written question asked "whether the Accounting Officer with responsibility for the Post Office has played any role in advising ministers on the Government's policy in relation to... the sub-postmasters' litigation against the Post Office". 2126:

relating to evidence given by Fujitsu employees in actions brought by the Post Office. In January 2020, at the request of the Director of Public Prosecutions, the Metropolitan Police initiated a criminal investigation into potential offences of

1525:

In September 2023, the government announced that subpostmasters who have had their convictions on the basis of Horizon evidence overturned would be offered compensation of £600,000 in full and final settlement of their claim. In March 2023, the

2853: 1135:"issues of abuse of the process of the court are important matters of concern to the appellants and the respondent, and are also matters of public interest... notwithstanding that the appellants had not previously applied for leave to appeal." 307:

My own suggestion is that the government should clear out the entirety of the board and senior management of the Post Office and start again, perhaps with the assistance of consultancy services from Second Sight, who know where the bodies are

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instances, "innocent people had been wrongly convicted on seriously incomplete and unsatisfactory evidence, and had as a result became victims of the miscarriage of justice on a scale hitherto unknown". Marshall refers to the deficits in the

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safeguards, published in October 2020, noted that barrister Paul Marshall, who represented several subpostmasters, had argued that the private nature of the prosecutions was not a significant cause of the Horizon scandal. The report stated:

114:, which made the scandal a major news story and political issue. In May 2024, the UK Parliament passed a law overturning the convictions of subpostmasters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Scotland passed a similar law the same month. 5615: 5885: 1388:

MP warned that the plans would fail to distinguish between the genuinely innocent majority and the guilty minority. He suggested that former Supreme Court judges be brought out of retirement to exonerate innocent postmasters. Solicitor

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post office in Lancashire. The Post Office dropped its claim and settled Wolstenholme's counterclaim out of court after a jointly appointed expert, Jason Coyne, reported that discrepancies could have been caused by faults in Horizon.

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MP said, "Its only shareholder is the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, so more should have been done to address the scandal before it was allowed to fester to this extent." Arbuthnot, sitting in the

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and police to investigate Post Office lawyers", Hudgell wrote that the Post Office engaged in "legal gymnastics to seek to persuade the court away from finding a clear systematic abuse of process of the criminal law", adding "the

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During the case, six separate judgments were handed down, two of them (POL-subpostmaster contract common issues, and Horizon system issues) dealing with substantive matters, while the other four dealt with procedural matters.

521:

At the Inquiry in 2024, it was revealed that Fujitsu was aware that the Horizon software contained bugs as early as 1999, but this was not disclosed to the subpostmasters or to the courts in which prosecutions were conducted.

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announced the government's intention to introduce legislation to exonerate wrongly convicted Post Office branch managers and said there would be a "new upfront payment of £75,000 for some of those affected". However, the new

850:

When mediation with the Post Office broke down, the subpostmasters began to consult and combine their efforts into legal action. The action taken against the Post Office took the form first of group litigation in the name of

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and the Post Office were part of the same entity and were a public authority. They split into separate organisations in 2012. The Post Office's unique position, with a history as a prosecutor going back to 1683, gave the

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settlement agreed was full and final and the Post Office was not currently conducting any private prosecutions and had no plans to do so. After the terms of that inquiry were published, the JFSA refused to participate.

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The message that the Board and I were consistently given by Fujitsu, from the highest levels of the company, was that while, like any IT system, Horizon was not perfect and had a limited life-span, it was fundamentally

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On 19 June 2024, the Post Office accidentally published a document on its corporate website containing the names and addresses of 555 former sub-postmasters who had been involved in litigation against the Post Office.

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stocks of Products and/or any resulting shortfall in the money payable to Post Office Ltd must be made good by the Operator without delay so that, in the case of any shortfall, Post Office Ltd is paid the full amount.

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and former interim chief executive, told the inquiry that former CEO Vennells had been "clear in her conviction" that nothing had gone wrong with Horizon and did not believe there had been miscarriages of justice.

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could be a breach of the law, it could also mean that the business is at risk of insolvency and that senior executives may have been overpaid. Referring to notes in the most recent accounts, the BBC concludes that

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There are lessons to be learned on the nature of human and professional relationships that encourage lawyers to absorb and reflect back their client's view without sufficient independence and critical detachment.

6510: 5815: 8973: 2264:, who after some research and discovering the prior mentions, used his contacts to get the issue reported on 7 February 2011 on both BBC Radio Surrey, and regional BBC One television current affairs programme 9359: 8102: 4124: 9390: 9266: 1910:

will be missing. The abuse of power, the injustice, who did it and why, will not be properly understood. Sir, you must, to discharge the Inquiry's remit, you must do the equivalent of listening to the tapes.

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Phase 7, which is to cover current practice and procedure and recommendations for the future, is scheduled to begin on 23 September 2024 and last for six weeks. Three days are allowed for the testimony of

8009: 4155: 2953: 10234: 8763: 8699: 8146: 1005:, the justice secretary, was looking at whether the Post Office can be stripped of its role in the appeals process, with many victims still attempting to overturn wrongful convictions. On 9 January 2024 737:

investigative journalist Tony Collins over suspicions about the Horizon IT system. Five years elapsed before the journalists felt able to 'stand up' the story. Horizon was legally declared unreliable in

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without leaving an appropriate entry in the audit trail, something which subpostmasters had stated was occurring but which the Post Office had previously claimed was not possible. The report concluded:

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reliability of the Horizon system. He said that Fujitsu employee Gareth Jenkins, even though he was aware of bugs in the system, had given expert evidence to the court attesting to Horizon's accuracy.

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in January 2024, there were complaints that a computer system named Capture, which had been rolled out to 300 post offices in 1995, had created false accounting information that led to prosecutions.

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in January 2024, " The multiple compensation schemes being administered by the government and – extraordinarily inappropriately – by the Post Office – have become mired in bureaucracy and delay..."

8349: 6948: 6648: 5608: 5376: 3453: 595:. Hooper doubted that the subpostmasters were dishonest and thought Horizon likely at fault. By December 2014, MPs were critical of the mediation scheme and 140 had withdrawn their support for it. 484:

of forensic accountants, Second Sight, was commissioned by the Post Office to conduct an independent inquiry in 2012. During this period the chief executives of Royal Mail Group were John Roberts,

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members' ability to sell the franchise. If we lose big contracts, members lose their jobs as well. So we have to be careful that we do not create a cottage industry that is built on supposition.

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case against the Post Office, the organisation began to campaign to highlight the government's handling of the Post Office. The alliance raised £100,000 through crowdfunding, to complain to the

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Warmington, knew. The Post Office knew that the convictions were unsafe, as did the Government, yet it took another five years of very expensive litigation from the 555 before justice was done.

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Ron Warmington of the forensic accounting company Second Sight, which had investigated the Horizon system in 2023, stated that the data leak was "another example of Post Office incompetence".

1565:

over-engineered." Of the Horizon shortfall scheme Hudgell said more than 2,000 cases have been settled without legal advice and in his opinion needed to be reviewed. At the end of the session

6338: 5968: 5849: 392:(NFSP), which was wholly funded by the Post Office, insisted that Horizon was "robust". In February 2015, George Thomson, the General Secretary of the NFSP, told a House of Commons committee: 9004: 8785: 7618: 7078: 6464: 5929: 5789: 11283: 8856: 5335: 4965: 9165: 4064: 3751: 2984: 2276:

magazine, which ran many articles on the scandal, starting in September 2011. A former Fujitsu employee saw the BBC South report and decided to blow the whistle to the JFSA, and later to

1406:

said "By not mincing her words on... the Post Office mass exoneration plans, Carr has shown a commitment to protecting the independence of the judiciary against government interference."

351:... Wyn Williams's long-awaited and tirelessly fought-for inquiry is hearing evidence, except on the days it can't, because the Post Office is continually failing to hand over evidence." 9328: 7048: 4399: 4003: 3179: 1442:, including those who are no longer alive.The government announced that those whose convictions are quashed by the act will be eligible for compensation via a scheme administered by the 8733: 8262: 7691: 4654: 4034: 1283:

itself was largely (in effect exclusively) based upon the CCRC's reading of Fraser J's Horizon Issues judgment. That judgment in turn was necessarily only on preliminary issues in the

632:

protect our brand." The report said: "The Post Office threatened and lied to the BBC in a failed effort to suppress key evidence that helped clear postmasters in the Horizon scandal".

602:

In 2014, the Post Office board set up a sub-committee named Project Sparrow to oversee its interactions with Second Sight, JFSA and MPs. The sub-committee was led by Post Office chair

11037: 10466: 7877: 7197: 6575: 5183: 3247: 2610: 1409:

On 22 February, the minister announced the detail of the proposed legislation in both houses of parliament. In a letter of the same date to the chair of the Justice Select Committee,

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passed one million signatures. On 9 January 2024, she announced that she would hand back her CBE. However, this would have no formal effect as only the monarch, on the advice of the

1491:

On 22 March 2022, a government scheme was launched to compensate the 555 subpostmasters at the same level of compensation as subpostmasters who had had their convictions overturned.

979:

that the Horizon software contained "bugs, errors, and defects" that could cause shortfalls paved the way for subpostmasters to have their convictions overturned. In March 2020, the

10204: 9421: 8493: 5653: 11068: 10108: 5153: 4819: 1958:

The government should publish proposals for ensuring that applicants to all schemes are treated equally and fairly with regard to income tax, capital gains tax and inheritance tax.

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should investigate whether anyone should be held to account amid professional concerns about who was responsible for disclosure issues". Solicitors for subpostmasters wrote to the

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MP Kevan Jones... Westminster's cross-party business and trade committee recently heard that just 4% of those with wrongful convictions had received compensation for their ordeal.

1494:

In December 2022, the Horizon Inquiry heard from Tim Moloney KC that postmasters made bankrupt after being wrongly prosecuted were receiving a fraction of what they were due. The

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to uphold the conduct of its members. The BCS later stated they would take action after the public inquiry and legal processes had been completed. In June 2024, Karl Flinders of

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leading to the settlement), and/or the engagement or findings of any other supervisory or complaints mechanisms, including in the public sector, are outside the Inquiry's scope.

983:(CCRC) announced that it was referring thirty-nine cases for appeal on the grounds that their prosecutions were an abuse of process. More referrals followed and in May 2021 the 644:

undertook a detailed analysis of the Post Office's systems. It advised the Post Office that its systems were "not fit for purpose in a modern retail and financial environment".

142:

for Horizon shortfalls. The actions of the Post Office caused the loss of jobs, bankruptcy, family breakdown, criminal convictions, prison sentences and at least four suicides.

9297: 7017: 5429: 3309: 2156:(SRA) confirmed that it is continuing to investigate "live cases into a number of solicitors and law firms who were working on behalf of the Post Office/Royal Mail Group". The 1259:

They emphasised lack of enquiry within the proceeding and the need to find out what had happened and why, and concluded that the Hamilton appeal itself requires investigation:

477:

from March 1998 until November 2003. In 2003, Bates had his contract as subpostmaster terminated when he refused to comply with Post Office policy. He reported his concerns to

9790: 9025: 7774: 7492: 7368: 6717: 4741: 1855:

Obtain all available relevant evidence from the Post Office, Fujitsu, BEIS and UKGI to establish the failings of Horizon and the Post Office's use of information from Horizon.

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that the government had failed in its duty by allowing the Post Office to wrongly prosecute SPMs. The government resisted the complaint and declared that it had been lied to.

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to "determine whether any further action is necessary ... to respond to the concerns about Horizon raised by individuals and MPs". Parker commissioned a public law barrister,

81:, the Post Office appointed forensic accountants from the firm Second Sight to conduct an investigation into Horizon. With Second Sight and the JFSA, the Post Office set up a 10970: 10837: 10078: 4841: 669:, counsel for the Post Office. The review, which was concluded in 2014, identified 26 potential miscarriages of justice since 2010 and led to four prosecutions being halted. 9574: 9496: 9824: 7968: 7307: 1314:: Ismay was not disclosed, the Post Office's board's notification to its insurers of risk in 2013 was not disclosed, and Detica's October 2013 report... was not disclosed. 67:

as early as 1999, the Post Office insisted that Horizon was robust and failed to disclose knowledge of the faults in the system during criminal and civil cases. In 2009,

8072: 6503: 1534:, tweeted today that 27 claimants who would have qualified for the group litigation scheme have died waiting for compensation." In January 2024, postal affairs minister 10647: 9235: 3384: 1714:

Kevan Jones MP and member of the Horizon compensation advisory board, said to the Post Office Minister, during an urgent question in the House of Commons, 22 February,

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The government should ensure that legislation is enacted to allow compensation under group litigation orders to be made to applicants after midnight on 7 August 2024.

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The Horizon shortfall scheme, originally named the historic shortfall scheme, was established by the agreement between the Post Office and the 555 subpostmasters in

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Rozenberg commented that the proposed legislation would present problems to those "who want to show that their convictions have now been quashed". Writing for the

9204: 6037: 5758: 4995: 4365: 4302: 4086: 10537: 10432: 7999: 5406: 4880: 4147: 3652: 2945: 248: 10614: 10226: 8755: 8688: 8127: 5492: 9103: 4461: 3850: 3345: 2724: 2300:, and having left the BBC, started reporting the trial on a specially-set up journalism blog, postofficetrial.com, having raised £9,000 through crowd-funding. 1964:

No applications for compensation to the Horizon Shortfall Scheme should be entertained after such date as agreed by the minister, the Post Office and the HCAB.

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When that failed the Post Office then resisted Ground 2 as a "damage limitation strategy." Moorhead illustrates his assessment of the Post Office's approach:

286:, who became chief executive officer of Post Office Limited from 2012 to 2019. Commenting in January 2024 on the governance arrangements and the scandal, the 11917: 7587: 7399: 3572: 8162: 5274: 4219: 3328: 3045: 208:

In spite of the outcome in the Wolstenholme case, the Post Office continued to pursue subpostmasters in the civil courts. Lee Castleton, a subpostmaster in

7340: 6886: 780:

The extent to which the government was aware of the Post Office's defence in the Bates case was questioned during a parliamentary debate on 19 March 2020.

9548: 8341: 6940: 6634: 6006: 5368: 3717: 3437: 10802: 9626: 8822: 7713: 7438: 5312: 3899: 2123: 789:... That would certainly have applied in the past few months, given the hundreds of millions of pounds that have been spent defending the indefensible." 154:

At the time of the prosecutions, the Post Office had the same standing in law as any other private prosecutor in the British legal system. It acted as a

17: 9892: 8039: 5119: 4259: 2823: 1227:

McFarlane, had been told about a bug in Horizon but had not disclosed the information to Misra's defence team. The solicitors have been reported to the

7656: 4687: 1759: 624: 342:"That is not a great look for the Government and it raises real questions about the governance of Post Office Ltd." said Marion Fellows MP. Writing in 8375: 7469: 4554: 9142: 8454:"Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry: Statement of Approach 004: conversion into a statutory inquiry, terms of reference, core participants and timetable" 8310: 8232: 7141: 6128: 5251: 620:

which took place in April 2014. The minutes revealed Post Office plans to sack Second Sight. In March 2015, the Post Office terminated the contract.

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MP, the Justice Minister and the Business Minister wrote jointly that the legislation would include victims of pilot schemes as well as of Horizon.

10048: 8996: 7070: 6453: 5911: 5781: 3678: 1754:

The government resisted requests for a statutory inquiry for months before acceding to an independent inquiry. On 26 February 2020, Prime Minister

10877: 8912: 8852: 8602: 2201:, a professional body for those working in IT in the UK, called for reconsideration of courts' default presumption that computer data is correct. 1263:

It is possible to see the cases not as an aberration corrected, if belatedly, by the appeal system, but as symptomatic of a deeper malaise... The

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told the Commons the families of the 60 people who died before receiving any compensation will be able to apply for compensation in their place.

163: 127: 4718: 4056: 3743: 2976: 1455:

The Scottish Government criticised the UK legislation not covering Scotland. The Scottish Parliament passed similar legislation on 30 May 2024.

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significant number of those not directly related to Horizon, are unjust." The letter was also sent to all UK statutory prosecuting authorities.

11407: 9320: 7040: 4391: 3995: 3171: 2545: 1867:

Examine the historical and current governance and whistleblowing controls are now sufficient to ensure that these failures do not happen again.

1349:

introduce new primary legislation to make sure that those convicted as a result of the Horizon scandal are swiftly exonerated and compensated.

1089: 1085: 11135: 8725: 8254: 7683: 4026: 2454: 9470: 5691: 4643: 3007:"22 September 2023 – Stephen Dilley and Richard Morgan — Searchable transcripts of the Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry hearings documentation" 1399: 11027: 10907: 10458: 9961: 6565: 5531: 5175: 4922: 2600: 2425:

A small number of those prosecuted were not subpostmasters but were their assistants, or were employees of the Post Office in Crown Offices.

1141:"We are... satisfied that appropriate case management can avoid any risk of these appeals becoming an open-ended exercise in finding facts." 11784: 10507: 10013: 1488:

In July 2021, the government announced that subpostmasters wrongly convicted of offences would get interim compensation of up to £100,000.

1144:"Fourthly, we do not accept the submissions that consideration of Ground 2 will cause undue delay in the determination of these appeals..." 762: 678: 11763: 10196: 9413: 8485: 6978: 6543: 5645: 4593: 2144:

reported that 80 detectives had been assigned to the investigation, scheduled to run until 2025, with an estimated budget of over £6.75m.

11957: 11060: 10100: 6751: 5145: 4811: 4186: 1053: 8655: 6601: 3014: 2568: 2260:

subpostmistress Seema Misra, who had been jailed while pregnant, spoke to Nick Wallis, then the presenter of the breakfast programme on

1758:

appeared to commit to an independent inquiry but was equivocal. Evidence of the legal costs in the Bates case was heard by parliament's

1276:

for "having done nothing more than the bare minimum that was required to determine – and adjudicate upon – the outcome of the appeals."

1012:

Moorhead, a member of the Horizon Compensation Advisory Board, posted his thoughts on what's wrong with the Post Office appeal cases on

6248: 5586: 2846:"Post Office scandal: Sub-postmasters used as 'guinea pigs' to grind out issues in Horizon, says expert who warned of problems in 2003" 2780: 2245: 2072:, who was in office between 2010 and 2012 said that during that time, he was "lied to" about "serious flaws" in the Horizon IT system. 1977:

technical competence, stakeholder engagement, oversight and whistleblowing". Fifteen weeks were scheduled for the hearing of evidence.

131: 7855: 7820: 6218: 5051: 3547: 3129: 11400: 9289: 9077: 7001: 3306: 742:, in 2018. The unlawful nondisclosure of knowledge by the Post Office in its prosecution cases was established in law in the case of 610:, then a division of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The project first became publicly known during the 355: 146:

in Scotland were accused of stealing money but not convicted. In Northern Ireland, 53 convicted subpostmasters have been identified.

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audit. In 2010, senior Post Office management took a decision that Horizon would not be subjected to an independent review because:

458:" at a frozen interface screen; the "Callendar Square Bug," where the system would create duplicate database entries in the ledger. 10960: 10070: 6917: 4532: 1984:, who described Post Office officials as "thugs in suits" and contended that the government should have been involved far earlier. 777:

The Lab also noted that Swift did not interview Anthony Hooper, chair of the Post Office's mediation committee, during the review.

8632: 2249:, making the claims of problems with Horizon, and interviewing Alan Bates, Lee Castleton and Jo Hamilton, who had featured in the 1255:

In October 2023 Moorhead, Nokes and Helm observed how relatively general the court had been in its consideration of the wrongs in

11937: 11932: 10399: 10343: 1697: 768:

In an analysis of the Swift Review, the Evidence-Based Justice Lab Post Office Scandal Project at the University of Exeter said:

7299: 2323:, presented by Wallis and produced by Whistledown Productions, was named "Best News and Factual Radio Programme" in 2020 by the 561:

The report was dismissed by the Post Office, which continued to maintain there were no systemic issues with the Horizon system.

11677: 11566: 1623: 10750: 8062: 7108: 6308: 6278: 2189:. Research by Tussell has found the FCA was one of numerous governmental organisations that also had a contract with Fujitsu. 2048:

During weeks 13 and 14, the inquiry heard from leading figures at the Shareholder Executive and its successor UKGI, including

11927: 11200: 10638: 9227: 3973: 3528: 3376: 2283:

Starting in 2012, other BBC news and current affairs programmes and national newspapers began to cover the scandal, with the

1206:. She thanked the public for their support and said: "despite what the government says, they're not paying the postmasters". 389: 78: 2140:

of the investigation will be a national policing effort, coordinated by the Met, with the pursuit of justice at its heart.”

11877: 11299: 10692: 6106: 4797: 3201: 2671: 2111: 1066: 606:

and included chief executive Vennells, senior in-house lawyer Chris Aujard, and Richard Callard, a senior civil servant at

10996: 10937: 10559: 9866: 8524: 8418: 7534: 7174: 6813: 6399: 6188: 6158: 6072: 2903: 2484: 11165: 10290: 4842:"POL00006357 – Advice on the use of expert evidence relating to the integrity of the Fujitsu Services Ltd Horizon System" 4435: 2057: 834: 709:

monument to that approach, showing how the decision-making of the lawyers can be limited or corrupted by excessive zeal.

9054: 8572: 7751: 7564: 5025: 4504: 3490: 3414: 3105: 2514: 1341: 11892: 11872: 11245: 11226: 9196: 6029: 5748: 5468: 4987: 4357: 4287: 63:

Although many subpostmasters had reported problems with the new software, and Fujitsu was aware that Horizon contained

10529: 10421: 7198:"Post Office scandal: £1bn set aside to fund compensation for victims - as govt vows to pursue Fujitsu if fault found" 5398: 4872: 3639: 1420:, Rozenberg compared the proposed legislation to the Policing and Crime Act 2017 that awarded pardons. On BBC radio's 507:

During the period of public concern and increased press coverage of the Post Office scandal after the transmission of

11779: 10603: 9600: 8200: 5484: 2324: 1723:

The minister replied that the Government is keen that those detrimentally affected are included in any compensation.

1443: 544: 396:

We have to be careful, that we are not creating a cottage industry that damages the brand and makes clients like the

2641: 696:

published a 41-page analysis and assessment of Brian Altman's "General Review". Concluding their executive summary,

11800: 11672: 11534: 10130: 9983: 5753: 3939: 3284: 2386: 2132: 1604: 1385: 1371: 980: 945: 641: 397: 175: 11105: 10639:"I shone a light on the Post Office scandal years ago – it's heartbreaking they weren't taken seriously until now" 7277: 6678: 4620: 3564: 3068: 987:

reported that the organisation was 'not adequately resourced' if 200 cases were to be brought forward for review.

11379: 11355: 11321: 4212: 3037: 2153: 1808: 1803: 1228: 1173: 260: 251:. As well as a succession of junior post office ministers, ultimate control was held by civil servants including 10838:"Journalist crowdfunds £6,000 in nine days to cover month-long 'public interest' Post Office group action trial" 10174: 7329: 6878: 11942: 9321:"Former Post Office chief Paula Vennells 'refused to quit £50,000-a-year NHS role' after Horizon scandal broke" 6635:"Horizon scandal: Post Office scandal victims to be exonerated and compensated as Rishi Sunak proposes new law" 5996: 2266: 10792: 9954:"Statement: Update on the Solicitors Regulation Authority investigation on the Post Office Horizon IT scandal" 7430: 5304: 3891: 8031: 5089: 4252: 2815: 1770: 1108:

and secondly, that it was an affront to the public conscience for the appellant to face criminal proceedings.

11291: 4679: 1858:

Assess whether the Post Office has learned and has delivered or made good progress on the changes necessary.

1731: 11662: 7461: 2370: 1374:

would aim to ensure that any subpostmaster guilty of criminal wrongdoing was still subject to prosecution.

1236:

He also acknowledged failures in how Fujitsu engineer Gareth Jenkins, currently under investigation by the

1095: 244:

became and has remained a single share government-owned entity with government represented at board level.

155: 9134: 8222: 7248: 7130: 6120: 5243: 2358:

potential victims had contacted lawyers following the broadcast. The drama was followed by a documentary,

89: 77:

launched the Justice for Subpostmasters Alliance (JFSA). In 2012, following pressure from campaigners and

48:

for apparent financial shortfalls caused by faults in Horizon, an accounting software system developed by

11947: 3635: 3377:"After 20 years, here's why the Post Office scandal is special: the cover-up is happening in plain sight" 2345: 2308: 2186: 2100: 2084: 1482: 1198: 1180: 1006: 781: 562: 509: 500: 110: 10422:

Submissions: Provisional List Of Issues On Behalf Of Core Participants Represented By Hudgell Solicitors

10040: 4117:"MP demands answers from government minister over second faulty Post Office IT system | Computer Weekly" 2122:

When handing down the Horizon issues judgment in December 2019, Fraser said he had passed a file to the

1939:

The Horizon Compensation Advisory Board (HCAB) should not be prevented from monitoring individual cases.

11897: 11587: 10869: 8904: 8594: 2396: 1981: 470: 138: 74: 8934: 8756:"Post Office: Horizon Scandal – Sir Wyn Williams Inquiry – Confirmations of Waiver of Legal Privilege" 3815:"Vilified then vindicated – victory for subpostmasters in Post Office trial shows risk of tech hubris" 1955:

to ensure that compensation payable to bankrupt claimants is not diverted to insolvency practitioners.

11882: 11831: 11561: 11489: 8546:

Partridge, Joanna (16 February 2022). "Wrongly convicted Post Office workers want ex-bosses jailed".

6536:"Business and Trade Committee Oral evidence: Post Office and Horizon –Compensation follow-up, HC 477" 4710: 4087:"Pre-Horizon users contacting lawyers as more Post Office IT horror stories emerge | Computer Weekly" 2042: 1439: 1342:

Post Office (Horizon System) Offences Act 2024 and Post Office (Horizon System) Compensation Act 2024

880:

with the approval of the President of the Queen's Bench of the High Court and, on 31 March, the then

856: 607: 272: 123: 10258:"BCS demands reform to rules on computer evidence following Post Office Horizon scandal revelations" 6702:"David Davis: bring former Supreme Court judges out of retirement to exonerate innocent postmasters" 5485:"11 July 2023 — Searchable transcripts of the Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry hearings documentation" 2537: 1905:, Professor of Law and Professional Ethics at the University of Exeter, said in an oral submission: 1103:

Forty-two historical convictions of dishonesty had been referred by the CCRC to the Court of Appeal:

11887: 11592: 11551: 11127: 5839:"Letter from Horizon Compensation Advisory Board to CCRC advisory-board-to-ccrc-15-august-2023.pdf" 4462:"Post Office ends working group for IT system investigation day before potentially damaging report" 3961: 2446: 2198: 2168: 2038: 1864:

Assess whether processes and information provided by the Post Office to postmasters are sufficient.

1322:

This issue was addressed by Lord Arbuthnot at the Business and Trade Committee on 16 January 2024:

1232: 900:

himself, an appeal, and two separate submissions described by judges as attempts to put the courts

807: 754: 287: 237: 179: 7493:"Minister promises 'fair and speedy' compensation for 555 subpostmasters who defeated Post Office" 7041:"It's Kemi Badenoch v the Post Office, the show where ministers sweep everything under the carpet" 5680: 5430:"Former Post Office executive admits he wouldn't sign unfair contract he pushed on subpostmasters" 4328:"Post Office CEO refused to meet government minister without her lawyer after 2015 Horizon report" 797:... The Post Office is an arm's length organisation, but there seems to be no accountability ..." 11657: 11614: 11546: 11442: 10899: 9953: 8448: 8443: 5523: 4914: 3237:"Peer calls for clear-out of Post Office board after Court of Appeal confirms major court defeat" 2785: 2007: 1748: 893: 256: 11303: 10499: 9737: 8163:"Alan Bates and JFSA won't back down in fight with government and Post Office | Computer Weekly" 4742:"Post Office was told in 2013 that Fujitsu witness was unreliable in subpostmaster prosecutions" 3069:"Working Paper 7 – The First Flat Earther: How 'clever' strategy might drive professional error" 1297:

judgements due, he says, to the inadequate disclosure by the Post Office during the progress of

236:. A gradual business restructuring process started in 1969 and was completed in 2012, after the 11922: 11846: 11758: 11733: 11697: 11468: 6970: 6535: 4586: 877: 758: 592: 371: 232:, tracing its origins back to 1516. It became a statutory corporation after the passage of the 57: 11028:"Former Post Office boss hands back CBE – as she's urged to give answers over Horizon scandal" 6743: 2289:

in 2015 publishing a double-page spread entitled "Decent lives destroyed by the Post Office".

1927:

Phase 4 hearings, covering action against sub-postmasters and others, were held in July 2023.

1887:

The Phase 1 hearings, covering Human Impact, opened on 14 February 2022 at Juxon House in the

923:

In a letter to the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) Select Committee she wrote:

122:

Between 1999 and 2015, the Post Office and the statutory authorities of the UK, including the

11629: 10227:"Post Office scandal: Horizon developer Fujitsu handed £6.8bn in public contracts since 2012" 6331:"'I got tarred overnight': how Post Office Horizon scandal turned victims' lives upside down" 5723: 5563: 4178: 3006: 2882: 1924:

The Phase 3 hearings, covering operational issues, were held between January and March 2023.

1612: 1062: 889: 793:

MP said, "The Post Office seemed to have unlimited funds at its disposal to fight this action

268: 267:. From 2003, Royal Mail (and thus the post office business) came under the management of the 93: 7969:"Government covers its ears as complaint by victims of Post Office abuse heads to ombudsman" 6240: 5576: 2163:

In June 2024, the SRA stated it was conducting more than 20 investigations into solicitors.

200:

In 2003, the Post Office pursued a civil claim against Julie Wolstenholme, subpostmaster at

11912: 11609: 11514: 10370:"The Post Office IT scandal – why IT audit is essential for effective corporate governance" 9825:"Post Office IT contractor faces prosecution after judge's 'grave concerns' about evidence" 9290:"Ex-Post Office boss did not believe there had been miscarriages of justice, inquiry hears" 7847: 7812: 6210: 3544: 2601:"Broken trust, fear of collusion and lost time: families torn apart by Post Office scandal" 2401: 2253:

article. The programme also uncovered a further nine subpostmasters who had been affected.

2171:(BCS) to be accepted by the court as an expert, despite the society being obligated by the 2049: 881: 616: 496:, who became chief executive of the Post Office when it separated from Royal Mail in 2012. 329: 233: 4793: 3407:"Post Office scandal: Chairman Henry Staunton had to go as it 'wasn't working' - Badenoch" 839: 8: 9549:"Post Office scandal: Possible 'criminal conspiracy', Horizon investigator tells inquiry" 8879:"DBT response to the Post Office Horizon IT inquiry's first interim report: compensation" 8063:"Post Office burned £100m in UK taxpayer cash on Horizon IT scandal legal fees, MPs told" 6102: 5559: 4587:"Business, Innovation and Skills Committee. Oral evidence: Post Office Mediation, HC 935" 2172: 2157: 2110:

Post Office took the document down from its corporate website and referred itself to the

1952: 1812: 1237: 790: 548: 241: 229: 97: 41: 6909: 5719: 5369:"What is the Post Office scandal, why were postmasters prosecuted, and what is Horizon?" 4526: 11952: 11821: 11484: 11458: 10391: 9601:"Five things we learned from ex-Fujitsu engineer Gareth Jenkins at Post Office inquiry" 9575:"Ex-Fujitsu executive says he feels 'aggrieved' by damage done to Horizon's reputation" 8823:"When can lawyers keep documents confidential on legal professional privilege grounds?" 8624: 4528:

Bates & Ors v Post Office Ltd ((No.3) "Common Issues") [2019] EWHC 606 (QB)

2391: 2328: 2065: 1829: 1766:

MP criticised former Post Office chief executive Vennells for her role in the scandal.

1701: 1395: 750: 201: 178:(CCRC) concerns about its neutrality. In June 2020, the chair of the CCRC wrote to the 10997:"Tuesday briefing: How a TV drama is helping bring justice in the Post Office scandal" 10369: 10321: 10175:""Horizon architect rejects High Court judge's damning verdict on Post Office system"" 9791:"Post Office accidentally leaks names and addresses of wrongfully convicted operators" 9497:"Lawyer advised Post Office to adopt 'cold' approach and not apologise, inquiry hears" 9047:"Ex-Post Office Alan Cook boss regrets 'hand in the till' email about sub-postmasters" 7619:"The Observer view on the Post Office scandal: these innocent victims deserve justice" 2878: 1935:

The inquiry issued an interim report on 17 July 2023. Its eight recommendations were:

1690: 11907: 11556: 11504: 11241: 11222: 11196: 11032: 10395: 9798: 9660: 7782: 7626: 7009: 7002:"'Dangerous path to go down': four legal experts on the Post Office exoneration bill" 6821: 6782: 6709: 5960: 5921: 5464: 5059: 5052:"'Systemically, seriously wrong': the 20-year quest to reveal Post Office IT scandal" 3524: 3445: 3138: 2061: 1673: 1185: 665:

Cartwright King then carried out the "CK Sift Review", which was in turn reviewed by

422: 159: 137:

Once the Post Office had secured a criminal conviction, it would attempt to secure a

8000:"Boris Johnson commits to 'getting to the bottom of' Post Office Horizon IT scandal" 1861:

Assess whether the commitments made by Post Office Ltd have been properly delivered.

278:

Key personnel who presided over the Post Office while these events unfolded include

11902: 11851: 11738: 11624: 11571: 11392: 10793:"Attention to Post Office Horizon IT scandal follows 14 years of dogged journalism" 10740: 10381: 10333: 9893:"Post Office under criminal investigation for potential fraud over Horizon scandal" 7100: 6300: 6270: 5997:"How soon is now... a quick post on what's wrong with the Post Office Appeal cases" 4057:"Controversial Post Office Capture system was developed in-house | Computer Weekly" 2927:"Post Office knew legal case was likely to bankrupt Horizon IT victim, lawyer says" 2374: 2354: 2261: 1968:

The government accepted the recommendations in full or in part on 26 October 2023.

1902: 1642: 1535: 1390: 1375: 1203: 1081: 873: 697: 105: 11061:"First look at Mr Bates vs The Post Office: The Real Story examines tragic impact" 9078:"Former Royal Mail chief executive unaware group's lawyers conducted prosecutions" 7848:"Business and Trade Committee Oral evidence: Post Office and Horizon Compensation" 6602:"Post Office scandal: Sunak announces law to quash convictions of Horizon victims" 3965: 3851:"Bankruptcy, prosecution and disrupted livelihoods – Postmasters tell their story" 3346:"Post Office Ltd: Management Culture Volume 736: debated on Thursday 13 July 2023" 2694:"Post Office Horizon scandal: 29 Northern Ireland employees convicted of offences" 1438:

England, Wales and Northern Ireland who were prosecuted by the Post Office or the

11723: 11597: 11519: 10262: 9764: 9711: 9686: 9522: 9444: 9032: 8660: 8150: 8004: 7938:"Debate: Post Office Horizon Scandal - 22nd Feb 2024 - Kevin Hollinrake extracts" 7908:"Debate: Post Office Horizon Scandal - 22nd Feb 2024 - Kevin Hollinrake extracts" 7813:"Business and Trade Committee Oral evidence Post Office and Horizon Compensation" 7497: 6606: 5686: 5231: 4624: 4466: 3855: 3819: 3551: 3332: 3313: 3242: 2766: 2406: 2229: 2177: 2053: 1948:

Membership of HCAB should be increased to ensure that it has sufficient capacity.

1163:, who had worked for the Royal Mail for 42 years, ran the village post office in 916: 682: 596: 479: 300: 282:, who headed Royal Mail when it owned the Post Office between 2003 and 2010; and 69: 11682: 10662: 9653:"Post Office Horizon inquiry told of 'incomplete curiosity' and 'toxic culture'" 9471:"Post Office chair was aware of Horizon concerns from day one but failed to act" 9166:"Ex-Post Office boss sought 'non-emotive words' for Horizon bugs, inquiry hears" 8517:"Post Office scandal: 'I want someone else to be charged and jailed like I was'" 8462:. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. 22 September 2021. 2663: 2003:

Office about whether the IT system could be accessed remotely by Fujitsu staff.

1852:

Understand and acknowledge what went wrong and key lessons that must be learned.

11529: 11266: 10929: 10688: 10386: 10338: 9858: 9627:"Ex-Fujitsu engineer admits changing court testimony at request of Post Office" 8564: 8516: 8408: 7524: 7166: 6423:"Celebratory email over jailed woman 'not my language' - Post Office solicitor" 6391: 6180: 6150: 6062: 5630: 4425: 3887: 2895: 2760:

Royal Mail loses 360-year monopoly on delivering parcels from Post Office sites

2746: 2476: 1988: 1888: 844: 814: 803: 493: 283: 11316: 11157: 9135:"Post Office staff had 'bunker mentality' towards press, lawyer tells inquiry" 9026:

Post Office staff 'probably feared career death' by conceding Horizon failings

7400:"Falsely convicted postal workers must be 'fully compensated', says committee" 4958:"Court blocks release of 'smoking gun' document in Post Office scandal appeal" 2946:"Solicitor for Post Office defends failure to disclose Horizon helpline calls" 1951:

The government should within 28 days seek directions under section 306 of the

1802:

grounds one and two of abuse of process, in an article headed "Calls grow for

11866: 11836: 11687: 11604: 11494: 11463: 11278: 10842: 10797: 9802: 9664: 9383:"Paula Vennells ruled out Post Office review that 'would be front-page news'" 9104:"Former Post Office executive says he should not have said Horizon was robus" 9046: 7786: 7743: 7630: 7556: 7013: 6825: 6786: 6775:"Ministers discuss alternative plan to exonerate Post Office Horizon victims" 6713: 5964: 5925: 5063: 5017: 4496: 3710:"Victims of the Post Office's sub-postmaster scandal on their decade of hell" 3482: 3449: 3406: 3172:"Adam Crozier and Alan Bates to give evidence at Post Office Horizon inquiry" 3142: 3097: 2725:"Investigations, Prosecutions and Security in the Royal Mail A Brief History" 2506: 2019: 1755: 1700:

as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from

603: 566: 358: 264: 104:

cost of compensation is expected to exceed £1 billion. In January 2024,

64: 45: 11374: 11362: 11350: 11340: 11328: 9352:"Paula Vennells breaks down as she tells Post Office inquiry she was misled" 9259:"Post Office deceived barrister reviewing Horizon conviction, inquiry hears" 8966:"Alan Bates tells Post Office inquiry ministers tried to sabotage his claim" 7588:"Postmasters' compensation swallowed up by official receiver, inquiry hears" 6362:"Post Office solicitor knew of IT flaw before criminal trial, inquiry hears" 1942:

The HCAB shall produce written reports in respect of each of their meetings.

1820:

and its owners want to mark (their) own homework – that is unconscionable."

1645:, Minister for Enterprise, Markets and Small Business, 19 December 2023 1450: 753:, on behalf of the government, instructed the incoming Post Office chairman 318:

Office relied entirely on the actual wording in the contracts, which stated:

11826: 11816: 11718: 11650: 11539: 10992: 8371: 8067: 7775:"Many victims of Post Office scandal risk missing out on payouts, MPs warn" 5120:"Former Post Office chair 'regrets' keeping critical Horizon report secret" 4179:"Written evidence submitted by Second Sight Forensic Accountants (POH0035)" 3744:"Alan Bates: The 'details man' the Post Office paid the price for ignoring" 2573: 2277: 1795: 1736: 1663: 1223: 1193: 1121:

For the other applicants, it was submitted all were concerned about delay:

666: 485: 279: 252: 10961:"Mr Bates vs The Post Office's Will Mellor: 'The story makes me so angry'" 10604:"How the Post Office scandal destroyed lives: 'They were hung out to dry'" 9924:"Post Office scandal: Police to deploy 80 detectives for criminal inquiry" 9859:"Post Office scandal: Rishi Sunak considers measures to clear all victims" 8786:"Response on Behalf of Post Office Limited – Legal Professional Privilege" 8486:"Wrongly convicted Post Office workers say former bosses should face jail" 8192: 7744:"Post Office scandal: The ordinary lives devastated by a faulty IT system" 3595:"Closing Submission of The National Federation of Sub-Postmasters phase 3" 2477:"Post Office scandal: The ordinary lives devastated by a faulty IT system" 896:. There was an unsuccessful application by the Post Office that the judge 73:

broke the story about problems with Horizon, and the former subpostmaster

11841: 11692: 11524: 11509: 11386: 11368: 11344: 11334: 11296: – Official finding of the April 2021 appeals, and summary 10965: 10724: 10495: 8094: 5300: 4873:"Oral submission to support the application to receive the Clarke advice" 3929: 3647: 3438:"Government to discuss handing ownership of Post Office to its operators" 3274: 2633: 2316: 2272: 2076: 1945:

The HCAB shall consider whether full and fair compensation is being paid.

1774: 1763: 1762:

on 10 March 2020. On 19 March 2020, in a debate in the House of Commons,

1366: 1045: 902: 860: 798: 686: 514: 489: 474: 435: 354:

On 27 January 2024, Post Office chairman Henry Staunton was dismissed by

209: 158:

in England and Wales. In Scotland, it reported allegations of crime to a

53: 10153:"" Post Office expert IT witness Gareth Jenkins resigns BCS membership"" 8656:"Post Office Inquiry begins phase three as compensation delays continue" 6211:"Post Office scandal: Jo Hamilton calls for compensation at Brit Awards" 5146:"The Post Office, smoke and mirrors – and it's all just got a bit worse" 4253:"Initial Complaint Review and Mediation Scheme Briefing Report part two" 4027:"Post Office chief Read delivers plan to share profits with postmasters" 1072: 11728: 11095: 7269: 6670: 4617: 2350: 2285: 1566: 1213: 1002: 247:

Oversight of Post Office Limited was assigned to what later became the

225: 170: 11096:"Paula Vennells: Ex-Post Office boss handing back CBE over IT scandal" 10071:"Horizon IT Scandal: British Computer Society Role in Scandal Exposed" 8342:"News focus: Post Office Horizon scandal – Where weren't the lawyers?" 6600:

Zakir-Hussain, Maryam; Forrest, Adam; Dalton, Jane (10 January 2024).

5912:"Post Office scandal: pressure grows to exonerate hundreds of victims" 5018:"Cameron government knew Post Office ditched Horizon IT investigation" 4392:"Independent barristers' review "contributed to Post Office cover-up"" 2896:"Bankrupted Post Office Horizon victim demands answers after 17 years" 576:

In December 2019, Ron Warmington of Second Sight said in a statement:

11667: 11645: 11499: 10765: 10609: 6644: 6181:"Post Office scandal: Anglesey honours wrongly jailed sub-postmaster" 5916: 5646:"Postmasters land funding for legal clash over Post Office IT fiasco" 5217:. Vol. 673. House of Commons. 19 March 2020. col. 1224–1246 3966:"Chris Mason: A TV drama may help deliver change for sub-postmasters" 3545:

Oral evidence: Post Office Mediation, HC 935, Tuesday 3 February 2015

2235: 1410: 1189: 455: 427: 82: 10014:"England: SRA investigates Post Office lawyers over Horizon scandal" 9414:"Gareth Jenkins, architect of Post Office scandal, demands immunity" 8032:"Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee – 10 March 2020" 5176:"Secret 2016 Post Office Chairman's Report Not Shared With PO Board" 4148:"Post Office suspected of more injustices over Horizon pilot scheme" 3679:"How the Post Office's Horizon system failed: a technical breakdown" 1157:

The thirty-nine appellants whose convictions were quashed included:

677:

in 2021 but it remained unpublished until 2022. It was described by

11100: 10745: 8997:"Post Office has run out of road thanks to an honest, stubborn man" 8413: 7529: 7071:"What is the Post Office Horizon bill and why is it controversial?" 6639: 6067: 6001: 5953:"Post Office said last month it stands by most Horizon convictions" 4430: 3934: 3483:"Post Office may face £100m tax bill over victim payouts - experts" 3279: 2069: 1168: 1013: 658:

journalistic speculation about systems relied upon by the public."

9197:"Post Office 'used Orwellian language to describe Horizon issues'" 8311:"Calls grow for SRA and police to investigate Post Office lawyers" 8136:. Vol. 806. House of Lords. 6 October 2020. col. 520–523 6814:"Sue Carr hits back and tells Sunak: the judiciary won't be cowed" 5812:"Overturned Convictions and Compensation: Information on Progress" 4812:"Revealed: the Fujitsu boss who said Horizon was 'like Fort Knox'" 4642:

Moorhead, Richard; Nokes, Karen; Helm, Rebecca (26 October 2022).

3202:"Six lessons government should learn from the Post Office scandal" 1061:

The first subpostmaster appeals against convictions were heard at

11714:

Sub-postmasters operating the Post Office Horizon computer system

11347:

documentary series, broadcast 25 May – 5 June 2020

10560:"Taro Naw investigates the fate of some of Britain's postmasters" 8447: This article incorporates text published under the British 8132: 7233: 6570: 6452:

Moorhead, Richard; Nokes, Karen; Helm, Rebecca (7 October 2021).

5749:"CCRC to refer 39 Post Office cases on abuse of process argument" 5213: 4210: 2128: 2075:

Appearing before the inquiry in the penultimate week of Phase 6,

1896: 1474:

In December 2019, at about the time of the high court verdict in

1356: 1241: 1164: 195: 49: 5782:"CCRC admits it lacks funds to handle glut of Post Office cases" 5463:(1 ed.). Bath Publishing Ltd; First Edition (24 Nov 2021). 4810:

Witherow, Tom; Taggart, Emma; Ledwith, Mario (22 January 2024).

4553:

Moorhead, Richard; Nokes, Karen; Helm, Rebecca (2 August 2021).

3996:"End of the road for Post Office IT system that destroyed lives" 1719:

compensation scheme and among those with overturned convictions.

1150:

decided that Ground 2 succeeded in each of the "Horizon cases".

8458: 8380: 8255:"Public hearing session: Preliminary Hearing on List of Issues" 8227: 5581: 4644:"The Perils of Independent Review: The Swift and Knight Review" 4497:"Post Office accused of cover-up over secret Horizon documents" 4292:[2019] EWHC 3408 (QB). Judgment (No. 6) Horizon Issues" 3778:"Post chiefs tell shopkeeper he must advertise to replace wife" 2977:"Barrister denies trying to 'ambush' postmaster with test case" 2257: 2136:

sub-postmasters as a result of prosecutions or civil actions".

897: 647: 10582: 8409:"Post Office Horizon scandal inquiry extended after criticism" 6241:"Shrewsbury Post Office victim glad to finally be listened to" 4618:

Post Office lied and threatened BBC over Horizon whistleblower

4213:"Interim Report into alleged problems with the Horizon system" 1698:

Text of the Post Office (Horizon System) Compensation Act 2024

100:

are investigating personnel from the Post Office and Fujitsu.

11025: 10459:"Peer calls for every Post Office prosecution to be reviewed" 8384:. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. 3326:

UK Court Says Post Office Agreements Are Relational Contracts

2365:

Following the broadcast, a petition to strip Vennells of her

2018:

Testifying over two days in week 8, former Post Office chair

85:

scheme for subpostmasters but terminated it after 18 months.

7684:"Postmaster claimants urged to avoid no win, no fee lawyers" 7462:"Nick Read calls on government to compensate Subpostmasters" 6151:"Post Office scandal: Jailed postmaster unconvinced by plan" 4555:"The Evidence Based Justice Lab Post Office Scandal Project" 3988: 3067:

Moorhead, Richard; Day, Sally; Nokes, Karen (7 March 2024).

539:

In April 2015, Second Sight issued a further report, titled

8726:"Post Office inquiry chair seeks waiver on legal privilege" 8193:"March 2021 – and why only a Statutory Inquiry will now do" 7270:"How do the Post Office scandal compensation schemes work?" 2664:"How the Horizon Post Office scandal has affected Scotland" 2634:"How do the Post Office scandal compensation schemes work?" 2605: 957:

Vennels (June 2020). "Letter to BEIS Select Committee". pp.

401: 303:, who supported the subpostmasters, said in November 2019: 11764:

List of miscarriage of justice cases in the United Kingdom

10197:"Governance questions for the Post Office Horizon Inquiry" 7878:"Debate: Post Office Board and Governance - 28th Feb 2024" 6599: 5209:"Horizon Settlement: Future Governance of Post Office Ltd" 1980:

The resumed hearings began with a day for the evidence of

1838:

statutory footing, so we can get the answers they deserve.

1828:

On 19 May 2021, the government announced that an extended

469:

In around 2000, problems with the system were reported by

364: 10533: 9765:"Post Office accidentally leaks names of sub-postmasters" 2507:"Post Office scandal: What the Horizon saga is all about" 2366: 2240: 1882: 1844:

Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy

1817:

Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy

1451:

Post Office (Horizon System) Offences (Scotland) Act 2024

1025: 9523:"Post Office sabotaged Horizon probe, says investigator" 9045:

Espiner, Tom; King, Ben; Masud, Faarea (12 April 2024).

7557:"UK to fully compensate postmasters who exposed scandal" 7525:"Post Office scandal: Postmasters to get up to £100,000" 5716:

Bates & Ors v Post Office Ltd (No.3 "Common Issues")

4426:"MPs attack Post Office sub-postmaster mediation scheme" 3130:"The Post Office Horizon drama is missing one key actor" 1785: 525: 383: 10817: 10363: 10361: 7167:"Post Office scandal victims convictions to be quashed" 6852:"Post Office Update Statement made on 22 February 2024" 5729: 3892:"Letter from Paula Vennells on Post Office and Horizon" 3630: 3628: 3626: 3098:"Royal Mail privatisation bill unveiled by Vince Cable" 2569:"What is the Post Office Horizon IT scandal all about?" 1711:

need to eliminate the Post Office from this process."

1247: 826: 249:

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

11389:, podcasts by Rebecca Thomson and Nick Wallis, 2022–23 7226: 7101:"Joy and disbelief as Post Office convictions quashed" 6941:"Post Office convictions: setting the record straight" 6504:"Paul Marshall – Submission for Hearing 27 April 2023" 4937: 4895: 4809: 3898:. Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee. 2192: 10101:"BCS Statement on the Post Office Horizon IT Scandal" 8881:. Department of Business and Trade. 26 October 2023. 7369:"Post Office Horizon compensation data: January 2024" 5681:"Post Office scandal shows value of litigation funds" 2099:

In a letter written to Post Office's chief executive

11422: 10741:"Horizon scandal victim says Post Office 'must pay'" 10374:

Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review

10358: 10326:

Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review

10313: 9687:"Davey says he was 'lied to' about Horizon IT flaws" 9228:"Post Office chief 'misled High Court about Horizon" 8515:

Wearn, Rebecca; Smith, Colletta (12 February 2022).

8287:. Hudgells Solicitors. 23 April 2021. Archived from 5910:

Wheeler, Caroline; Yorke, Harry (23 February 2024).

4715:

Richard Moorhead Thoughts on the Post Office Scandal

3623: 3042:

Richard Moorhead Thoughts on the Post Office Scandal

2781:"Private prosecutions after the Post Office debacle" 1823: 1080:

In April 2021, after an appeal before three judges,

149: 9445:"Ex-Post Office chair was told of IT risks in 2011" 7991: 7431:"Bates v Post Office settlement agreement revealed" 6671:"Can scheme to quash Post Office convictions work?" 6301:"Horizon scandal victim says new law is small step" 3166: 3164: 2353:as Alan Bates, was broadcast over four evenings on 219: 187:

The Post Office is not a typical private prosecutor

88:In 2017, 555 subpostmasters led by Bates brought a 10637: 10602: 10291:"BCS calls for change in law on computer evidence" 6595: 6593: 6392:"'I feel ashamed' says Post Office Horizon lawyer" 6063:"Convicted Post Office workers have names cleared" 5679: 5045: 5043: 4358:"Second Sight's Ron Warmington breaks his silence" 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4018: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3235: 3128: 1760:Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee 1587:Post Office (Horizon System) Compensation Act 2024 625:Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee 409:The federation was criticised by the judge in the 11330:Second Class Citizens: The Post Office IT Scandal 10870:"New York Festivals Announces 2021 Radio Winners" 8565:"Post Office scandal ruined lives, inquiry hears" 6454:"The Conduct of Horizon Prosecutions and Appeals" 6451: 5951:Courea, Eleni; Mason, Rowena (22 February 2024). 4992:Evidence Based Justice Lab - University of Exeter 4641: 4552: 4211:Second Sight Support Services Ltd (8 July 2013). 2362:, which included interviews with subpostmasters. 2307:published online a special report co-authored by 2292:From 2018, Wallis, following on from his work on 1726: 694:Evidence Based Justice Lab – University of Exeter 11864: 11026:Adam Forrest, Archie Mitchell (9 January 2024). 10786: 10784: 10782: 10780: 10683: 10681: 10679: 10677: 10322:"The Post Office Horizon system and Seema Misra" 9712:"Ex-minister brands Post Office cases 'corrupt'" 9044: 8853:"Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry: Interim Report" 7330:"Post Office (Horizon System) Compensation Bill" 7237:. United Kingdom: House of Lords. col. 838. 6773:Courea, Eleni; Crerar, Pippa (9 February 2024). 6105:, 4 WLR 115, WLR(D) 66 (15 January 2021), 6094: 6092: 6090: 5399:"Nailing Sir Peter Fraser – the legal hit squad" 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4607:– via Justice For Subpostmasters Alliance. 4273:– via Justice For Subpostmasters Alliance. 4233:– via Justice For Subpostmasters Alliance. 4206: 4204: 3161: 3066: 2722: 725:subpostmasters had launched their group action. 11292:"Hamilton & others -v- Post Office Limited" 10728:. No. 1298. 30 September 2011. p. 28. 10490: 10488: 10486: 10484: 6876: 6590: 6112: 5336:"The Post Office Horizon scandal: an explainer" 5040: 4237: 3875: 3565:"The Post Office Horizon scandal: an explainer" 3305:Alan Bates and Others and Post Office Limited, 2560: 11158:"Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood" 10532:[The Post Office Scandal] (in Welsh). 8680: 7264: 7262: 7249:"Post Office Horizon victims to be exonerated" 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6057: 6055: 5513:Case No: HQ16X01238, HQ17X02637 and HQ17X04248 3930:"Bug found in Post Office row computer system" 2810: 2808: 970: 673:Clarke advice became known during the case of 196:Post Office civil cases against subpostmasters 11408: 11300:Timeline of key events in the Horizon scandal 10777: 10674: 10414: 9318: 8760:CWU Eastern No5 Branch CWU Eastern No5 Branch 6737: 6735: 6087: 5363: 5361: 5113: 5111: 4764: 4491: 4489: 4201: 3229: 3227: 2331:Radio Awards. In November 2021 Wallis' book, 1400:Sue Carr, Baroness Carr of Walton-on-the-Hill 541:Initial Complaint Review and Mediation Scheme 448: 56:described the scandal as one of the greatest 11918:Overturned convictions in the United Kingdom 10722:"Post Office automation: computer says no". 10693:"Delivering justice for the sub-postmasters" 10481: 10133:. Australian Computer Society. 30 April 2024 10131:""When computers kill, humans are to blame"" 9886: 9884: 9132: 7363: 7361: 7229:"Post Office (Horizon System) Offences Bill" 7131:"Post Office (Horizon System) Offences Bill" 6772: 5909: 4419: 4417: 4250: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3844: 3842: 3634: 3543:Business, Innovation and Skills Committee. 3275:"Post Office IT system criticised in report" 1650: 648:Clarke advice, CK Sift Review, Altman review 312: 240:placed Royal Mail under separate ownership. 228:delivery service, were formerly part of the 8438: 8436: 8400: 7259: 6482: 6271:"Post office scandal victim repays charity" 6052: 5950: 4955: 4385: 4383: 2805: 2373:, can revoke honours. On 23 February 2024, 2360:Mr Bates vs The Post Office: The Real Story 1458: 1272:Marshall criticised the Court of Appeal in 728: 499:In April 2021, Post Office chief executive 11415: 11401: 11294:. United Kingdom Judiciary. 23 April 2021. 11090: 11088: 11086: 9598: 8514: 6732: 5673: 5671: 5358: 5203: 5201: 5108: 4486: 4176: 3737: 3735: 3224: 2868: 2499: 2469: 2270:. Wallis also shared his information with 2222: 1530:wrote, "Journalist Nick Wallis, who wrote 1360:, volume 743, column 289, 10 January 2024. 1231:. It was part of a much larger failure of 1065:before circuit judge Taylor, sitting as a 10385: 10337: 10319: 9881: 9852: 9850: 9411: 8559: 8557: 8545: 8122: 8120: 8054: 7616: 7397: 7358: 6971:"BBC Radio 4 - Law in Action - Downloads" 6938: 6907: 6741: 6030:"First Subpostmaster convictions quashed" 5459:Wallis, Nick (2021). Wallis, Nick (ed.). 5333: 5305:"Letter from Minister for Small Business" 4637: 4635: 4633: 4414: 3914: 3839: 3562: 3038:"The First Flat Earther vs Lee Castleton" 2185:The Post Office is also regulated by the 2117: 2006:In week 6, Alisdair Cameron, Post Office 1547:have so far come forward seeking review. 417: 224:The Post Office business, along with the 11128:"Having honours taken away (forfeiture)" 10600: 10456: 10367: 10255: 9468: 8994: 8433: 8370: 8303: 8128:"Post Office: Horizon Accounting System" 8060: 7966: 7490: 6811: 6501: 5994: 5643: 5556:Bates & Ors v Post Office Ltd (No 2) 5143: 4739: 4708: 4680:"Transcript: Evidence from Simon Clarke" 4459: 4389: 4380: 4024: 3886: 3741: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3233: 3035: 1730: 1094: 1074:Hamilton & Others vs Post Office Ltd 1052: 906:. At the Judgment No. 6 the judge said: 838: 744:Hamilton & Others vs Post Office Ltd 675:Hamilton & Others vs Post Office Ltd 421: 11371:documentary, broadcast 15 February 2022 11337:documentary, broadcast 16 February 2020 11190: 11083: 10836:Tobitt, Charlotte (14 September 2018). 10823: 10771: 10671:, p. 155, 158, 163, 214, 220, 234. 10668: 10588: 9684: 9546: 9520: 9442: 9225: 9194: 8406: 8285:"Subpostmasters cleared of convictions" 7398:Partridge, Johanna (17 February 2022). 6699: 6099:Hamilton & Others v Post Office Ltd 5990: 5988: 5986: 5735: 5668: 5272: 5198: 4943: 4901: 4423: 3927: 3848: 3771: 3769: 3732: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3435: 1518:Marshall's criticism was echoed by the 1196:who played her in the ITV drama series 765:request was successful in August 2022. 530: 365:Tax avoidance by Post Office management 14: 11865: 11058: 10874:Radio & Television Business Report 10835: 10790: 10687: 10494: 10038: 9856: 9847: 9822: 9762: 9380: 9349: 9075: 8963: 8820: 8653: 8554: 8117: 8093: 8042:from the original on 29 September 2020 7842: 7840: 7838: 7772: 7617:editorial, Observer (6 January 2024). 7459: 7227:Lord Browne of Ladyton (13 May 2024). 7038: 6908:Rozenberg, Joshua (23 February 2024). 6877:Chalk; Hollinrake (22 February 2024). 6742:Rozenberg, Joshua (15 February 2024). 6528: 6118: 5837:Hogdes, Christopher (15 August 2023). 5836: 5711: 5709: 5677: 5551: 5549: 5458: 5049: 4870: 4630: 4438:from the original on 20 September 2015 3518: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 2924: 2778: 2631: 2566: 2535: 2327:, and won two gold awards in the 2021 2087:, Chief Executive of Post Office Ltd. 1883:Phases 1 to 4 of the Statutory Inquiry 1790:The non-statutory inquiry, now titled 1047:R v Christopher Trousdale & Others 915:The subpostmasters were financed by a 27:Ongoing UK legal and political scandal 11396: 11387:Investigating the Post Office Scandal 11274:"Post Office Mediation sub-committee" 11138:from the original on 30 December 2020 10991: 10973:from the original on 21 December 2023 10738: 10635: 10237:from the original on 17 February 2024 10207:from the original on 17 February 2024 10111:from the original on 17 February 2024 10081:from the original on 28 February 2024 9994:from the original on 17 February 2024 9964:from the original on 17 February 2024 9890: 9788: 9650: 9624: 9572: 9494: 9319:Zakir-Hussain, Maryam (21 May 2024). 9287: 9256: 9163: 9101: 8802:from the original on 16 November 2021 8766:from the original on 22 February 2022 8705:from the original on 16 February 2022 8635:from the original on 16 February 2022 8496:from the original on 16 February 2022 8364: 8203:from the original on 14 February 2022 7453: 7441:from the original on 22 February 2022 7195: 6858:from the original on 23 February 2024 6632: 6546:from the original on 22 February 2024 6516:from the original on 18 February 2024 6470:from the original on 18 February 2024 6372:from the original on 17 December 2023 6281:from the original on 27 February 2024 6251:from the original on 27 February 2024 6191:from the original on 27 February 2024 6161:from the original on 27 February 2024 6075:from the original on 10 February 2023 6009:from the original on 26 February 2024 5932:from the original on 24 February 2024 5891:from the original on 26 February 2024 5875:"Horizon Compensation Advisory Board" 5855:from the original on 24 February 2024 5818:from the original on 23 February 2024 5156:from the original on 13 February 2024 5117: 5028:from the original on 20 February 2024 4925:from the original on 17 February 2024 4660:from the original on 21 February 2024 4535:from the original on 11 February 2024 4507:from the original on 14 February 2024 4455: 4453: 4402:from the original on 27 February 2024 4282: 4280: 4067:from the original on 21 February 2024 3960: 3942:from the original on 26 February 2023 3812: 3806: 3794:from the original on 17 February 2022 3707: 3696: 3493:from the original on 26 February 2024 3287:from the original on 30 November 2017 3269: 3267: 3265: 2906:from the original on 27 February 2024 2487:from the original on 27 February 2024 1786:First round of non-statutory hearings 1743:After the success of the JFSA in the 1691:Text of statute as originally enacted 1212:, who ran Greenfields post office in 1202:, presented one of the awards at the 1184:, who ran the village post office in 526:Investigating Post Office IT problems 414:and integrity of the Horizon system. 390:National Federation of SubPostmasters 384:National Federation of Subpostmasters 336: 11235: 10958: 10940:from the original on 17 January 2024 10910:from the original on 17 January 2024 10880:from the original on 13 October 2021 10850:from the original on 17 January 2024 10805:from the original on 11 January 2024 10791:Tobitt, Charlotte (9 January 2024). 10753:from the original on 17 January 2024 10703:from the original on 17 January 2024 10650:from the original on 17 January 2024 10617:from the original on 17 January 2024 10601:Meddings, Sabah (28 November 2021). 10540:from the original on 17 January 2024 10510:from the original on 17 January 2024 10438:from the original on 18 October 2022 10402:from the original on 26 October 2022 9921: 9835:from the original on 13 January 2020 9226:Corless, Blathnaid (25 April 2024). 9195:Corless, Blathnaid (23 April 2024). 8736:from the original on 9 November 2021 8686: 8654:Bereux, Clotilde (11 January 2023). 8339: 8223:"The Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry" 8099:"Business Update: Written statement" 7997: 7754:from the original on 23 January 2024 7724:from the original on 1 February 2024 7681: 7659:. UK Parliament. 18 September 2023. 7598:from the original on 17 January 2024 7585: 7567:from the original on 31 October 2022 7379:from the original on 23 January 2024 7346:from the original on 12 January 2024 7280:from the original on 23 January 2024 6999: 6812:Siddique, Haroon (16 January 2024). 6681:from the original on 10 January 2024 6651:from the original on 10 January 2024 6614:from the original on 10 January 2024 6578:from the original on 28 January 2024 6445: 6433:from the original on 2 December 2023 6420: 6359: 5995:Moorhead, Richard (9 January 2024). 5983: 5621:from the original on 5 November 2021 5609:"Postmaster Litigation Subcommittee" 5495:from the original on 12 January 2024 5440:from the original on 19 January 2024 5427: 5379:from the original on 19 January 2024 5346:from the original on 20 January 2024 5315:from the original on 19 January 2024 5273:Bridgen, Andrew (10 February 2024). 5050:Davies, Caroline (12 January 2024). 4956:O'Dwyer, Michael (3 December 2020). 4822:from the original on 23 January 2024 4790:Hamilton & Ors v Post Office Ltd 4145: 4139: 4127:from the original on 8 February 2024 4097:from the original on 8 February 2024 4079: 4037:from the original on 18 January 2024 4006:from the original on 18 January 2024 3976:from the original on 11 January 2024 3775: 3766: 3676: 3658:from the original on 16 January 2024 3505: 3417:from the original on 29 January 2024 3374: 3356:from the original on 6 February 2024 3149:from the original on 8 February 2024 3126: 3108:from the original on 8 November 2023 2956:from the original on 17 January 2024 2943: 2772: 2723:Royal Mail Group (4 February 2010). 2644:from the original on 27 January 2024 2439: 2147: 2045:(UKGI) or the responsible minister. 1469:Bates & Others v Post Office Ltd 977:Bates & Others v Post Office Ltd 886:Bates & Others v Post Office Ltd 868:cross-examined. It was exasperating. 835:Bates & Others v Post Office Ltd 828:Bates & Others v Post Office Ltd 740:Bates & Others v Post Office Ltd 700:, Karen Nokes and Rebecca Helm say: 11325:programme, broadcast 17 August 2015 11216: 11108:from the original on 9 January 2024 11040:from the original on 9 January 2024 10288: 9869:from the original on 7 January 2024 9857:Jordan, Dearbail (7 January 2024). 8885:from the original on 7 January 2024 8859:from the original on 7 January 2024 8605:from the original on 26 August 2022 8024: 7835: 7663:from the original on 4 January 2024 7422: 7310:from the original on 7 January 2024 6700:Malnick, Edward (27 January 2024). 5706: 5644:Kleinman, Mark (13 February 2018). 5546: 5409:from the original on 9 January 2024 5334:McCulloch, Adam (12 January 2024). 4968:from the original on 9 January 2024 4177:Warmington, Ron (25 January 2022). 3827:from the original on 3 January 2020 3468: 3429: 3234:Flinders, Karl (26 November 2019). 3036:Moorhead, Richard (14 March 2024). 2193:Call for reform on digital evidence 1365:On 10 January 2024, Prime Minister 585: 24: 18:Justice for Subpostmasters Alliance 11958:Overturned convictions in Scotland 11383:programme, broadcast 25 April 2022 11210: 11059:Mensah, Katelyn (4 January 2024). 10346:from the original on 5 August 2022 10041:"Jenkins wants inquiry 'immunity'" 9823:Slingo, Jemma (16 December 2019). 9599:Guyoncourt, Sally (25 June 2024). 9424:from the original on 30 April 2024 9238:from the original on 25 April 2024 9207:from the original on 24 April 2024 9145:from the original on 21 April 2024 9057:from the original on 13 April 2024 8821:Wahnon, Elisa (21 December 2021). 8575:from the original on 20 March 2023 8466:from the original on 10 April 2022 8265:from the original on 20 March 2023 8235:from the original on 25 April 2021 8173:from the original on 17 April 2024 8075:from the original on 14 March 2020 8061:Corfield, Gareth (10 March 2020). 8012:from the original on 20 March 2020 7979:from the original on 17 April 2024 7967:Flinders, Karl (1 December 2020). 7472:from the original on 15 April 2021 7428: 7177:from the original on 20 March 2024 7147:from the original on 19 March 2024 6939:Rozenberg, Joshua (4 March 2024). 6461:evidencebasedjustice.exeter.ac.uk/ 6402:from the original on 20 March 2024 6311:from the original on 20 March 2024 6027: 5589:from the original on 7 August 2021 5299: 5281:from the original on 13 March 2024 5254:from the original on 26 April 2021 5168: 5137: 4998:from the original on 10 March 2024 4980: 4883:from the original on 1 August 2021 4599:from the original on 24 April 2021 4474:from the original on 18 March 2015 4450: 4390:Hilborne, Nick (26 October 2022). 4338:from the original on 26 April 2024 4277: 4109: 3902:from the original on 26 April 2021 3863:from the original on 20 March 2020 3742:Flinders, Karl (31 January 2020). 3611:from the original on 22 April 2024 3575:from the original on 22 April 2024 3436:Goodley, Simon (4 February 2024). 3262: 3212:from the original on 28 April 2024 3048:from the original on 20 March 2024 3017:from the original on 20 March 2024 2925:Sweney, Mark (21 September 2023). 2816:"Private prosecutions: safeguards" 2704:from the original on 19 March 2024 2674:from the original on 19 March 2024 2548:from the original on 20 March 2023 2517:from the original on 20 March 2023 2335:was published by Bath Publishing. 2325:Voice of the Listener & Viewer 1792:The Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 719: 439:described the origins of Horizon: 25: 11969: 11780:West Midlands Serious Crime Squad 11620:West Midlands Serious Crime Squad 11306:on the Post Office Corporate site 11255: 11195:(1st ed.). Bath Publishing. 11168:from the original on 3 April 2024 11071:from the original on 4 March 2024 10469:from the original on 15 July 2023 10368:Christie, James (26 March 2022). 9412:Pinkstone, Joe (9 January 2024). 9076:Warnes, William (13 April 2024). 8945:from the original on 8 April 2024 8915:from the original on 5 April 2024 8449:Open Government Licence 8421:from the original on 15 July 2021 8388:from the original on 25 July 2021 8352:from the original on 31 July 2021 8321:from the original on 24 June 2021 8105:from the original on 13 June 2020 7948:from the original on 3 March 2024 7918:from the original on 3 March 2024 7888:from the original on 3 March 2024 7858:from the original on 1 March 2024 7823:from the original on 1 March 2024 7537:from the original on 22 July 2021 7505:from the original on 8 March 2023 7208:from the original on 7 April 2024 6981:from the original on 7 March 2024 6920:from the original on 7 March 2024 6889:from the original on 4 March 2024 6754:from the original on 3 March 2024 6720:from the original on 3 March 2024 6221:from the original on 3 March 2024 6131:from the original on 20 July 2021 6040:from the original on 14 July 2021 5792:from the original on 28 June 2021 5694:from the original on 14 July 2021 5656:from the original on 17 July 2021 5560:[2018] EWHC 2698 (QB) 5534:from the original on 29 June 2021 5524:"Bates and Ors v Post Office Ltd" 5144:Marshall, Paul (18 August 2022). 4709:Moorhead, Richard (19 May 2024). 4651:evidencebasedjustice.exeter.ac.uk 4424:Prodger, Matt (9 December 2014). 4368:from the original on 28 June 2021 4308:from the original on 23 June 2021 4265:from the original on 30 June 2021 3817:. Computer Weekly Editor's Blog. 3813:Glick, Bryan (11 December 2019). 3754:from the original on 24 June 2021 3563:McCulloch, Adam (12 April 2024). 3250:from the original on 15 July 2023 2987:from the original on 5 April 2024 2856:from the original on 7 April 2024 2826:from the original on 24 June 2021 2793:from the original on 24 June 2021 2737:from the original on 3 March 2021 2632:Seddon, Sean (27 February 2024). 2613:from the original on 1 March 2024 2256:In November 2010, the husband of 2112:Information Commissioner's Office 2023:statements, had not reached her. 1930: 1824:Conversion to a statutory inquiry 1444:Department for Business and Trade 1154:threat was lifted in April 2021. 162:, and in Northern Ireland to the 150:Post Office as private prosecutor 11801:Criminal Cases Review Commission 11535:Guildford Four and Maguire Seven 11423:Miscarriage of justice in the UK 11359:programme, broadcast 8 June 2020 11221:(in Welsh). Gwasg y Bwthyn Cyf. 11150: 11120: 11052: 11019: 11007:from the original on 30 May 2024 10985: 10952: 10922: 10892: 10862: 10829: 10739:Blunt, Rosie (13 January 2024). 10732: 10715: 10629: 10594: 10570:from the original on 30 May 2024 10552: 10522: 10450: 10301:from the original on 7 June 2021 10282: 10270:from the original on 7 June 2021 10249: 10219: 10189: 10167: 10145: 10123: 10093: 10063: 10051:from the original on 30 May 2024 10039:Wallis, Nick (21 October 2022). 10032: 10006: 9976: 9946: 9934:from the original on 30 May 2024 9915: 9903:from the original on 30 May 2024 9816: 9782: 9756: 9730: 9704: 9678: 9644: 9618: 9592: 9566: 9540: 9514: 9488: 9462: 9436: 9405: 9393:from the original on 30 May 2024 9374: 9362:from the original on 30 May 2024 9343: 9331:from the original on 20 May 2024 9312: 9300:from the original on 30 May 2024 9281: 9269:from the original on 30 May 2024 9250: 9219: 9188: 9176:from the original on 30 May 2024 9157: 9133:O'Reilly, Luke (18 April 2024). 9126: 9114:from the original on 30 May 2024 9095: 9069: 9038: 9019: 9007:from the original on 30 May 2024 8988: 8976:from the original on 30 May 2024 8964:Boffey, Daniel (12 April 2004). 8957: 8927: 8897: 8871: 8845: 8833:from the original on 30 May 2024 8814: 8778: 8748: 8723: 8717: 8647: 8617: 8587: 8539: 8527:from the original on 30 May 2024 8508: 8478: 8442: 8333: 8277: 8247: 8215: 8197:Justice for Postmasters Alliance 8185: 8155: 8087: 7960: 7930: 7900: 7870: 7805: 7793:from the original on 30 May 2024 7766: 7736: 7706: 7694:from the original on 13 May 2023 7675: 7649: 7637:from the original on 30 May 2024 7610: 7579: 7549: 7517: 7484: 7410:from the original on 30 May 2024 7391: 7322: 7292: 7241: 7220: 7189: 7159: 7123: 7111:from the original on 24 May 2024 7093: 7081:from the original on 30 May 2024 7063: 7051:from the original on 30 May 2024 7032: 7020:from the original on 30 May 2024 7000:Hill, Amelia (11 January 2024). 6993: 6963: 6951:from the original on 30 May 2024 6932: 6901: 6870: 6844: 6832:from the original on 30 May 2024 6805: 6793:from the original on 30 May 2024 6766: 6693: 6663: 6626: 6558: 6502:Marshall, Paul (15 March 2023). 6414: 6384: 6353: 6341:from the original on 30 May 2024 6323: 6293: 6263: 6233: 6203: 6173: 6143: 6121:"Page and Marshall in the clear" 6021: 5971:from the original on 30 May 2024 5944: 5903: 5882:assets.publishing.service.gov.uk 5867: 5846:assets.publishing.service.gov.uk 5830: 5804: 5779: 5773: 5761:from the original on 7 June 2020 5754:Criminal Cases Review Commission 5741: 5720:[2019] EWHC 606 (QB) 5637: 5601: 5569: 5516: 5507: 5275:"Post Office Management Culture" 5186:from the original on 30 May 2024 5070:from the original on 30 May 2024 4871:Wallis, Nick (3 December 2020). 4852:from the original on 26 May 2024 4752:from the original on 30 May 2024 4740:Flinders, Karl (24 March 2021). 4721:from the original on 27 May 2024 4690:from the original on 13 May 2024 4567:from the original on 30 May 2023 4460:Flinders, Karl (11 March 2015). 4225:from the original on 9 July 2021 4189:from the original on 21 May 2022 4158:from the original on 30 May 2024 4025:Kleinman, Mark (11 April 2021). 3849:Thomson, Rebecca (11 May 2009). 3708:Glass, Katie (9 February 2020). 3456:from the original on 30 May 2024 3387:from the original on 30 May 2024 3182:from the original on 30 May 2024 3127:Shah, Oliver (8 February 2024). 2974: 2944:Hyde, John (22 September 2023). 2779:Bowers, Rupert (24 March 2021). 2581:from the original on 30 May 2024 2457:from the original on 30 May 2024 2387:Dutch childcare benefits scandal 2338: 2133:perverting the course of justice 1605:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1598: 1476:Bates & Others v Post Office 1001:on 7 January 2024 reported that 981:Criminal Cases Review Commission 884:was nominated managing judge in 635: 271:, which in 2016 was merged into 220:Post Office management structure 176:Criminal Cases Review Commission 111:Mr Bates vs The Post Office 11184: 10636:Glass, Katie (9 January 2024). 10457:Flinders, Karl (11 June 2023). 10177:. Daily Telegraph. 25 June 2024 9763:Thomas, Daniel (20 June 2024). 9547:Sillars, James (18 June 2024). 8668:from the original on 3 May 2023 8133:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 7234:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 6744:"PO scandal: where's the bill?" 6421:Hyde, John (30 November 2024). 6360:Hyde, John (15 December 2023). 5678:Thomas, Helen (28 April 2021). 5477: 5452: 5421: 5391: 5327: 5293: 5266: 5236: 5214:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5082: 5010: 4949: 4907: 4864: 4834: 4803: 4733: 4711:"Clarke II: the mistaken hero?" 4702: 4672: 4611: 4579: 4546: 4519: 4350: 4320: 4170: 4146:Syal, Rajeev (7 January 2024). 4049: 3954: 3670: 3602:postofficehorizoninquiry.org.uk 3587: 3556: 3537: 3399: 3368: 3338: 3319: 3307:Judgment (No.3) "Common Issues" 3299: 3194: 3120: 3090: 3060: 3029: 2999: 2968: 2937: 2918: 2888: 2838: 2769:, The Guardian, 7 November 2023 2753: 2716: 2686: 2567:Sweney, Mark (7 January 2024). 2536:Wallis, Nick (10 August 2019). 2154:Solicitors Regulation Authority 2124:Director of Public Prosecutions 2114:in respect of the data breach. 1618:relating to the Horizon system. 1229:Solicitors Regulation Authority 859:himself. Journalist and writer 333:reasonable and honest people." 117: 92:against the Post Office in the 44:pursuing thousands of innocent 11938:Suicides in the United Kingdom 11933:Scandals in the United Kingdom 10429:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 10256:Flinders, Karl (28 May 2021). 10155:. ComputerWeekly. 24 June 2024 9984:"Statement on the Post Office" 9891:Bugel, Safi (5 January 2024). 9742:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 9625:Jolly, Jasper (25 June 2024). 9469:Flinders, Karl (5 June 2024). 9381:Boffey, Daniel (23 May 2024). 9350:Boffey, Daniel (22 May 2024). 8995:Williams, Zoe (9 April 2024). 8939:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 8909:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 8599:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 8407:Peachey, Kevin (19 May 2021). 8259:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 7773:Brooks, Libby (6 March 2024). 7586:Hyde, John (9 December 2022). 7460:Wallis, Nick (13 April 2021). 7196:Baker, Tim (11 January 2024). 6633:Baker, Tim (10 January 2024). 6119:Wallis, Nick (28 April 2021). 5489:postofficeinquiry.dracos.co.uk 5094:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 4846:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 4684:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 4290:Bates and Others v Post Office 3011:postofficeinquiry.dracos.co.uk 2879:[2007] EWHC 5 (QB) 2656: 2625: 2593: 2529: 2419: 2343:A four-part television drama, 2064:. Swannell, a former chair of 1727:Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry 1336: 1331: 1067:deputy judge of the High Court 108:broadcast a television drama, 13: 1: 11193:The Great Post Office Scandal 10930:"The Great Post Office Trial" 10900:"The Great Post Office Trial" 9685:Espiner, Tom (18 July 2024). 9521:Espiner, Tom (18 June 2024). 9164:Croft, Jane (23 April 2024). 9102:Croft, Jane (16 April 2024). 9035:, The Standard, 11 April 2024 7714:"Post Office Horizon Scandal" 7491:Flinders, Karl (7 May 2021). 5461:The Great Post Office Scandal 4251:Second Sight (9 April 2015). 3928:Prodger, Matt (8 July 2013). 3677:Hern, Alex (9 January 2024). 3521:The Great Post Office Scandal 3375:Hyde, Marina (18 July 2023). 2432: 2333:The Great Post Office Scandal 1971: 1771:written ministerial statement 1532:The Great Post Office Scandal 11928:Wrongful conviction advocacy 11734:Shirley and Lynette Banfield 10774:, p. 166, 170-171, 218. 10107:. British Computer Society. 9988:www.barstandardsboard.org.uk 9922:Dodd, Vikram (27 May 2024). 9789:Croft, Jane (20 June 2024). 9573:Croft, Jane (19 June 2024). 9495:Croft, Jane (13 June 2024). 9443:Espiner, Tom (7 June 2024). 7942:www.parallelparliament.co.uk 7912:www.parallelparliament.co.uk 7882:www.parallelparliament.co.uk 7682:Hyde, John (23 March 2023). 7039:Fowles, Sam (6 March 2024). 5118:Glick, Bryan (3 July 2024). 4794:[2021] EWCA Crim 577 2371:Honours Forfeiture Committee 2090: 1248:Criticism and assessment of 7: 11878:Codes of criminal procedure 11785:Police Complaints Authority 11341:The Great Post Office Trial 11267:Post Office Horizon Inquiry 11260: 10431:(Report). 2 November 2021. 10297:. Informed Communications. 9651:Croft, Jane (9 July 2024). 9288:Croft, Jane (17 May 2024). 8793:Post Office Horizon Inquiry 8629:Post Office Horizon Inquiry 6103:[2021] EWCA Crim 21 3638:; Wallis, Nick (May 2020). 2875:Post Office Ltd v Castleton 2380: 2346:Mr Bates vs the Post Office 2321:The Great Post Office Trial 2187:Financial Conduct Authority 1684:Status: Current legislation 1199:Mr Bates vs The Post Office 971:Appeals against convictions 510:Mr Bates vs the Post Office 388:Throughout the scandal the 139:Proceeds of Crime Act order 34:British Post Office scandal 10: 11974: 11351:Scandal at the Post Office 11317:Trouble at the Post Office 11310: 10387:10.14296/deeslr.v19i0.5425 10339:10.14296/deeslr.v13i0.2303 9257:Croft, Jane (9 May 2024). 8905:"Public Hearings Timeline" 8696:Evidence based justice lab 8595:"Public Hearings Timeline" 8376:"Statement from the Chair" 8101:. UK Parliament. HCWS280. 7657:"Post Office Compensation" 3640:"Justice Lost In The Post" 3335:, Forbes, 8 September 2019 2397:Princess of Wales Hospital 2319:series about the scandal, 2313:"Justice Lost In The Post" 2243:current affairs programme 1735:Chair of the inquiry, Sir 1580:United Kingdom legislation 1559:Mr Bates v The Post Office 843:The case was heard at the 832: 733:In 2004, Bates approached 449:Problems with the software 164:Public Prosecution Service 11893:English contract case law 11873:Abuse of the legal system 11809: 11793: 11772: 11751: 11706: 11638: 11580: 11490:Murder of Maxwell Confait 11477: 11451: 11435: 11428: 10289:Say, Mark (28 May 2021). 8935:"Phase 5 and 6 Timetable" 8855:. Hansard. 17 July 2023. 8340:Hyde, John (3 May 2021). 5096:. 3 July 2024. p. 48 4915:"The first Clarke Advice" 3523:. Bath: Bath Publishing. 3316:, 15 March 2019, para 610 2043:UK Government Investments 1899:, knew about the faults. 1696: 1689: 1682: 1672: 1662: 1657: 1635: 1622: 1611: 1597: 1592: 1585: 1440:Crown Prosecution Service 714:Executive Summary, page 3 679:Lord Falconer of Thoroton 608:UK Government Investments 313:Subpostmasters' contracts 273:UK Government Investments 11663:Michelle and Lisa Taylor 11236:Jôb, Aled Gwyn (2023a). 10530:"Sgandal y Swyddfa Bost" 7852:committees.parliament.uk 7817:committees.parliament.uk 6883:committees.parliament.uk 6540:committees.parliament.uk 5562: (17 October 2018), 5309:committees.parliament.uk 5090:"Transcript: Tim Parker" 4183:committees.parliament.uk 3604:. 16 June 2023. para.3. 3206:Institute for Government 2881: (22 January 2007), 2538:"What's this all about?" 2412: 2217: 2199:British Computer Society 2169:British Computer Society 1459:Redress and compensation 808:Baron Arbuthnot of Edrom 729:Exposing the IT problems 466:... to check it twice". 288:Institute for Government 238:Postal Services Act 2011 180:Justice Select Committee 11615:Cardiff Newsagent Three 11443:William Herbert Wallace 11375:The Post Office Scandal 11217:Jôb, Aled Gwyn (2023). 10904:Whistledown Productions 10320:McCormack, Tim (2016). 3550:15 January 2024 at the 3312:31 October 2022 at the 2786:Doughty Street Chambers 2377:revoked Vennells' CBE. 2223:Investigative reporting 1749:Parliamentary Ombudsman 1174:Anglesey County Council 1057:Trousdale's post office 894:Herbert Smith Freehills 473:, the subpostmaster at 58:miscarriages of justice 11847:Southall Black Sisters 11759:Miscarriage of justice 11469:Mahmood Hussein Mattan 11238:The Stamp of Innocence 11191:Wallis, Nick (2021a). 10591:, pp. 92–96, 155. 10201:Institute of Directors 7300:"Compensation Schemes" 6910:"Flaw in the ointment" 5722: (15 March 2019), 4796: (23 April 2021), 4627:, BBC, 12 January 2024 3776:Hall, Ben (May 2002). 3078:. University of Exeter 2211: 2118:Criminal investigation 1922: 1912: 1876: 1840: 1740: 1721: 1576: 1554: 1515: 1505: 1435: 1351: 1329: 1316: 1290: 1270: 1147: 1127: 1119: 1110: 1100: 1099:Hamilton's post office 1058: 1043: 1034: 964: 913: 878:group litigation order 874:Senior Master Fontaine 870: 847: 824: 817:MP said in parliament: 775: 763:Freedom of Information 751:Baroness Neville-Rolfe 717: 583: 559: 446: 430: 426:The Fujitsu office in 418:Post Office IT systems 407: 381: 372:HM Revenue and Customs 327: 310: 297: 193: 11943:21st-century scandals 11364:A First Class Scandal 11134:. 30 September 2021. 9031:11 April 2024 at the 8149:3 August 2021 at the 5248:members.parliament.uk 5244:"Written questions R" 4988:"Post Office Project" 4623:10 April 2024 at the 3519:Wallis, Nick (2022). 3350:UK Parliament Hansard 3076:postofficeproject.net 2902:. 21 September 2023. 2207: 2152:In January 2024, the 2104:their own families". 1917: 1907: 1871: 1842:On 28 July 2021, the 1835: 1734: 1716: 1571: 1549: 1510: 1500: 1430: 1346: 1324: 1307: 1278: 1261: 1222:ran a post office in 1132: 1123: 1115: 1105: 1098: 1082:Lord Justice Holroyde 1063:Southwark Crown Court 1056: 1038: 1018: 925: 908: 890:Womble Bond Dickinson 865: 842: 819: 770: 702: 683:head of the judiciary 623:In February 2015 the 578: 554: 441: 425: 394: 376: 322: 305: 292: 269:Shareholder Executive 185: 79:Members of Parliament 11286:on 15 December 2019. 11164:. 23 February 2024. 10691:(14 February 2022). 10566:. 8 September 2009. 10536:. 8 September 2009. 8762:. 17 November 2021. 8571:. 14 February 2022. 8492:. 16 February 2022. 7854:. 27 February 2024. 7819:. 27 February 2024. 7339:. 13 December 2023. 6854:. 22 February 2024. 6398:. 15 November 2024. 5814:. 23 February 2024. 5614:. 19 November 2020. 5230:8 April 2020 at the 5024:. 20 February 2024. 4364:. 18 December 2019. 3283:. 9 September 2014. 2402:Orange S.A. suicides 1380:Post Office minister 617:University of Exeter 531:Second Sight reports 234:Post Office Act 1969 60:in British history. 10876:. 13 October 2021. 10045:Post Office Scandal 10018:Scottish Legal News 9960:. 19 January 2024. 9829:Law Society Gazette 9738:"Phase 7 Timetable" 8732:. The Law Society. 8730:Law Society Gazette 8687:Moorhead, Richard. 8346:Law Society Gazette 8315:Law Society Gazette 8261:. 8 November 2021. 8231:. 1 December 2020. 7750:. 17 January 2024. 7720:. 10 January 2024. 7688:Law Society Gazette 7592:Law Society Gazette 7276:. 11 January 2024. 7253:Scottish Government 6945:Law Society Gazette 6677:. 10 January 2024. 6574:. 10 January 2024. 6542:. 16 January 2024. 6427:Law Society Gazette 6366:Law Society Gazette 6247:. 11 January 2024. 6187:. 6 December 2022. 6157:. 10 January 2024. 6109:(England and Wales) 5786:Law Society Gazette 5726:(England and Wales) 5566:(England and Wales) 5405:. 14 October 2022. 5403:Post Office Scandal 5342:. Personnel Today. 5180:Post Office Scandal 4921:. 21 October 2022. 4919:Post Office Scandal 4800:(England and Wales) 4592:. 3 February 2015. 4503:. 26 January 2024. 3489:. 12 January 2024. 3413:. 28 January 2024. 3331:30 May 2024 at the 3208:. 12 January 2024. 3104:. 12 October 2010. 2950:Law Society Gazette 2885:(England and Wales) 2852:. 10 January 2024. 2765:30 May 2024 at the 2700:. 17 January 2024. 2609:. 19 January 2024. 2483:. 17 January 2024. 2453:. 5 February 2024. 2173:Engineering Council 2158:Bar Standards Board 2066:Marks & Spencer 1953:Insolvency Act 1986 1528:Law Society Gazette 1496:Law Society Gazette 1418:Law Society Gazette 1238:Metropolitan Police 985:Law Society Gazette 791:Bambos Charalambous 749:In September 2015, 549:Vehicle Excise Duty 242:Post Office Limited 230:General Post Office 98:Metropolitan Police 11948:Corporate scandals 11485:Jonathan Rosenhead 11269:– official website 11104:. 9 January 2024. 10995:(9 January 2024). 10500:"Credit where due" 9744:. 1 September 2024 8167:ComputerWeekly.com 6337:. 7 January 2024. 5884:. 29 August 2023. 5375:. 9 January 2024. 5182:. 12 August 2022. 4121:ComputerWeekly.com 4091:ComputerWeekly.com 4061:ComputerWeekly.com 3964:(9 January 2024). 3720:on 9 February 2020 2822:. 2 October 2020. 2670:. 8 January 2024. 2392:Phoenix pay system 2329:New York Festivals 2311:and Wallis titled 2058:Patrick O'Sullivan 1741: 1702:legislation.gov.uk 1396:Lady Chief Justice 1101: 1090:Mrs Justice Farbey 1059: 872:On 22 March 2017, 848: 612:Bates & Others 593:Sir Anthony Hooper 573:sub-postmasters". 433:A 2020 article in 431: 356:Business Secretary 337:Management culture 156:private prosecutor 38:Horizon IT scandal 36:, also called the 11898:False confessions 11860: 11859: 11747: 11746: 11202:978-1-9163023-8-9 11033:Independent.co.uk 10504:Post Office Trial 8625:"Public Hearings" 8317:. 26 April 2021. 8038:. 10 March 2020. 7563:. 22 March 2022. 7466:Post Office Trial 7435:Post Office Trial 7173:. 13 March 2024. 7140:. 13 March 2024. 7077:. 13 March 2024. 6307:. 13 March 2024. 6125:Post Office Trial 6071:. 23 April 2021. 6034:Post Office Trial 5757:. 26 March 2020. 5340:P Personnel Today 4877:Post Office Trial 4531:, 15 March 2019, 4362:Post Office Trial 4002:. 13 April 2021. 3785:Brentwood Gazette 3530:978-1-7390992-0-6 2820:Justice Committee 2542:Post Office Trial 2513:. 22 March 2022. 2197:In May 2021, the 2148:Regulatory action 2062:Stephen Lovegrove 1830:statutory inquiry 1773:on 10 June 2020, 1708: 1707: 1593:Act of Parliament 1354:Rishi Sunak, 1186:South Warnborough 1086:Mr Justice Picken 944:system was "like 882:Mr Justice Fraser 640:In October 2013, 545:lottery terminals 330:Mr Justice Fraser 160:procurator fiscal 16:(Redirected from 11965: 11883:Computer systems 11852:Harriet Wistrich 11739:Andrew Malkinson 11625:Winchester Three 11572:Bridgewater Four 11433: 11432: 11417: 11410: 11403: 11394: 11393: 11295: 11287: 11282:. 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Archived from 3705: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3657: 3644: 3632: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3610: 3599: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3560: 3554: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3516: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3479: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3342: 3336: 3323: 3317: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3271: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3239: 3231: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3178:. 8 April 2024. 3168: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3132: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3073: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2892: 2886: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2812: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2776: 2770: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2744: 2742: 2736: 2729: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2443: 2426: 2423: 2375:King Charles III 2262:BBC Radio Surrey 1903:Richard Moorhead 1652: 1643:Kevin Hollinrake 1602: 1601: 1588: 1583: 1582: 1536:Kevin Hollinrake 1411:Sir Robert Neill 1391:Joshua Rozenberg 1376:Kevin Hollinrake 1361: 1204:Brit Awards 2024 1030: 962: 960: 951: 942: 935: 930: 853:Bates and others 796: 788: 715: 698:Richard Moorhead 692:In May 2023 the 586:Mediation scheme 465: 350: 190: 21: 11973: 11972: 11968: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11888:Discovery (law) 11863: 11862: 11861: 11856: 11805: 11789: 11768: 11743: 11724:Angela Cannings 11702: 11634: 11610:Michael Shirley 11598:Winston Silcott 11593:Tottenham Three 11576: 11547:Stephen Simmons 11520:Jessie McTavish 11515:Stephen Downing 11473: 11447: 11424: 11421: 11313: 11290: 11272: 11263: 11258: 11248: 11229: 11213: 11211:Further reading 11203: 11187: 11182: 11181: 11171: 11169: 11156: 11155: 11151: 11141: 11139: 11126: 11125: 11121: 11111: 11109: 11094: 11093: 11084: 11074: 11072: 11057: 11053: 11043: 11041: 11024: 11020: 11010: 11008: 10990: 10986: 10976: 10974: 10957: 10953: 10943: 10941: 10928: 10927: 10923: 10913: 10911: 10898: 10897: 10893: 10883: 10881: 10868: 10867: 10863: 10853: 10851: 10834: 10830: 10822: 10818: 10808: 10806: 10789: 10778: 10770: 10766: 10756: 10754: 10737: 10733: 10721: 10720: 10716: 10706: 10704: 10686: 10675: 10667: 10663: 10653: 10651: 10644:The Independent 10634: 10630: 10620: 10618: 10599: 10595: 10587: 10583: 10573: 10571: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10543: 10541: 10528: 10527: 10523: 10513: 10511: 10498:(1 June 2020). 10493: 10482: 10472: 10470: 10463:Computer Weekly 10455: 10451: 10441: 10439: 10435: 10424: 10420: 10419: 10415: 10405: 10403: 10366: 10359: 10349: 10347: 10318: 10314: 10304: 10302: 10287: 10283: 10273: 10271: 10263:Computer Weekly 10254: 10250: 10240: 10238: 10225: 10224: 10220: 10210: 10208: 10195: 10194: 10190: 10180: 10178: 10173: 10172: 10168: 10158: 10156: 10151: 10150: 10146: 10136: 10134: 10129: 10128: 10124: 10114: 10112: 10099: 10098: 10094: 10084: 10082: 10077:. Engprax Ltd. 10075:www.engprax.com 10069: 10068: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10037: 10033: 10023: 10021: 10012: 10011: 10007: 9997: 9995: 9982: 9981: 9977: 9967: 9965: 9952: 9951: 9947: 9937: 9935: 9920: 9916: 9906: 9904: 9889: 9882: 9872: 9870: 9855: 9848: 9838: 9836: 9821: 9817: 9807: 9805: 9787: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9736: 9735: 9731: 9721: 9719: 9710: 9709: 9705: 9695: 9693: 9683: 9679: 9669: 9667: 9649: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9623: 9619: 9609: 9607: 9597: 9593: 9583: 9581: 9571: 9567: 9557: 9555: 9545: 9541: 9531: 9529: 9519: 9515: 9505: 9503: 9493: 9489: 9479: 9477: 9475:Computer Weekly 9467: 9463: 9453: 9451: 9441: 9437: 9427: 9425: 9410: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9379: 9375: 9365: 9363: 9348: 9344: 9334: 9332: 9325:The Independent 9317: 9313: 9303: 9301: 9286: 9282: 9272: 9270: 9255: 9251: 9241: 9239: 9224: 9220: 9210: 9208: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9162: 9158: 9148: 9146: 9131: 9127: 9117: 9115: 9100: 9096: 9086: 9084: 9074: 9070: 9060: 9058: 9043: 9039: 9033:Wayback Machine 9024: 9020: 9010: 9008: 8993: 8989: 8979: 8977: 8962: 8958: 8948: 8946: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8903: 8902: 8898: 8888: 8886: 8877: 8876: 8872: 8862: 8860: 8851: 8850: 8846: 8836: 8834: 8819: 8815: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8788: 8784: 8783: 8779: 8769: 8767: 8754: 8753: 8749: 8739: 8737: 8722: 8718: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8691: 8685: 8681: 8671: 8669: 8661:The Justice Gap 8652: 8648: 8638: 8636: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8608: 8606: 8593: 8592: 8588: 8578: 8576: 8563: 8562: 8555: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8513: 8509: 8499: 8497: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8469: 8467: 8452: 8441: 8434: 8424: 8422: 8405: 8401: 8391: 8389: 8374:(19 May 2021). 8369: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8338: 8334: 8324: 8322: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8283: 8282: 8278: 8268: 8266: 8253: 8252: 8248: 8238: 8236: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8176: 8174: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8151:Wayback Machine 8139: 8137: 8126: 8125: 8118: 8108: 8106: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8076: 8059: 8055: 8045: 8043: 8036:Parliament Live 8030: 8029: 8025: 8015: 8013: 8005:Computer Weekly 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7973:Computer Weekly 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7921: 7919: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7876: 7875: 7871: 7861: 7859: 7846: 7845: 7836: 7826: 7824: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7796: 7794: 7771: 7767: 7757: 7755: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7727: 7725: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7697: 7695: 7680: 7676: 7666: 7664: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7640: 7638: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7599: 7584: 7580: 7570: 7568: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7498:Computer Weekly 7489: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7427: 7423: 7413: 7411: 7396: 7392: 7382: 7380: 7367: 7366: 7359: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7332: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7268: 7267: 7260: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7225: 7221: 7211: 7209: 7194: 7190: 7180: 7178: 7165: 7164: 7160: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7107:. 24 May 2024. 7099: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7037: 7033: 7023: 7021: 6998: 6994: 6984: 6982: 6969: 6968: 6964: 6954: 6952: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6921: 6914:A Lawyer Writes 6906: 6902: 6892: 6890: 6875: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6771: 6767: 6757: 6755: 6748:A Lawyer Writes 6740: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6698: 6694: 6684: 6682: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6654: 6652: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6607:The Independent 6598: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6500: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6456: 6450: 6446: 6436: 6434: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6390: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6284: 6282: 6269: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6252: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6224: 6222: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6134: 6132: 6117: 6113: 6107:Court of Appeal 6097: 6088: 6078: 6076: 6061: 6060: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6026: 6022: 6012: 6010: 5993: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5841: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5734: 5730: 5714: 5707: 5697: 5695: 5687:Financial Times 5676: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5642: 5638: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5554: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5522: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5471: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5441: 5434:Computer Weekly 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5367: 5366: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5232:Wayback Machine 5220: 5218: 5207: 5206: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5124:Computer Weekly 5116: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5048: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4954: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4808: 4804: 4798:Court of Appeal 4788: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4746:Computer Weekly 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4646: 4640: 4631: 4625:Wayback Machine 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4538: 4536: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4495: 4494: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4467:Computer Weekly 4458: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4422: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4388: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4332:Computer Weekly 4326: 4325: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4294: 4286: 4285: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4209: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 4000:Computer Weekly 3994: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3926: 3915: 3905: 3903: 3888:Vennells, Paula 3885: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3856:Computer Weekly 3847: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3820:Computer Weekly 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3780: 3774: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3748:Computer Weekly 3740: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3642: 3636:Brooks, Richard 3633: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3569:Personnel Today 3561: 3557: 3552:Wayback Machine 3542: 3538: 3531: 3517: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3481: 3480: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3333:Wayback Machine 3324: 3320: 3314:Wayback Machine 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3273: 3272: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3243:Computer Weekly 3232: 3225: 3215: 3213: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2942: 2938: 2923: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2814: 2813: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2777: 2773: 2767:Wayback Machine 2758: 2754: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2630: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2565: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2407:Robodebt scheme 2383: 2341: 2251:Computer Weekly 2230:Computer Weekly 2225: 2220: 2195: 2178:Computer Weekly 2150: 2120: 2093: 2077:Sir Vince Cable 2054:Robert Swannell 1974: 1933: 1885: 1870: 1826: 1794:and led by Sir 1788: 1739:, seen in 2013 1729: 1685: 1678:25 January 2024 1668:25 January 2024 1648: 1607: 1599: 1586: 1581: 1481:In April 2021, 1461: 1453: 1363: 1353: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1253: 1210:Rubbina Shaheen 1167:on the Isle of 1078: 1051: 1049:– December 2020 1022: 973: 963: 958: 956: 949: 940: 933: 928: 917:litigation fund 837: 831: 794: 786: 735:Computer Weekly 731: 722: 720:Deloitte Review 716: 713: 685:, as a likely " 650: 638: 597:James Arbuthnot 588: 533: 528: 480:Computer Weekly 463: 451: 420: 386: 367: 348: 339: 315: 301:James Arbuthnot 261:Martin Donnelly 222: 198: 188: 152: 120: 70:Computer Weekly 40:, involved the 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11971: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11803: 11797: 11795: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11776: 11774: 11770: 11769: 11767: 11766: 11761: 11755: 11753: 11749: 11748: 11745: 11744: 11742: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11710: 11708: 11704: 11703: 11701: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11673:Jonathan Jones 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11654: 11653: 11642: 11640: 11636: 11635: 11633: 11632: 11630:Eddie Browning 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11601: 11600: 11590: 11584: 11582: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11574: 11569: 11567:Paul Blackburn 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11543: 11542: 11532: 11530:Birmingham Six 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11481: 11479: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11455: 11453: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11445: 11439: 11437: 11430: 11426: 11425: 11420: 11419: 11412: 11405: 11397: 11391: 11390: 11384: 11372: 11360: 11348: 11338: 11326: 11312: 11309: 11308: 11307: 11297: 11288: 11270: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11256:External links 11254: 11253: 11252: 11247:978-1805143024 11246: 11233: 11228:978-1913996758 11227: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11207: 11201: 11186: 11183: 11180: 11179: 11149: 11119: 11082: 11051: 11018: 10984: 10951: 10921: 10891: 10861: 10828: 10826:, p. 277. 10824:Wallis (2021a) 10816: 10776: 10772:Wallis (2021a) 10764: 10731: 10714: 10673: 10669:Wallis (2021a) 10661: 10628: 10593: 10589:Wallis (2021a) 10581: 10551: 10521: 10480: 10449: 10413: 10357: 10312: 10281: 10266:. TechTarget. 10248: 10218: 10188: 10166: 10144: 10122: 10092: 10062: 10031: 10020:. 24 June 2024 10005: 9975: 9958:www.sra.org.uk 9945: 9914: 9880: 9846: 9815: 9781: 9755: 9729: 9718:. 24 July 2024 9703: 9677: 9643: 9617: 9591: 9565: 9539: 9513: 9487: 9461: 9435: 9404: 9373: 9342: 9311: 9280: 9249: 9218: 9187: 9156: 9125: 9094: 9068: 9037: 9018: 8987: 8956: 8926: 8896: 8870: 8844: 8813: 8777: 8747: 8716: 8679: 8646: 8616: 8586: 8553: 8538: 8507: 8477: 8432: 8399: 8363: 8332: 8302: 8276: 8246: 8214: 8184: 8154: 8116: 8086: 8053: 8023: 8008:. TechTarget. 7990: 7959: 7929: 7899: 7869: 7834: 7804: 7765: 7735: 7705: 7674: 7648: 7609: 7578: 7548: 7516: 7501:. TechTarget. 7483: 7452: 7429:Wallis, Nick. 7421: 7390: 7357: 7321: 7291: 7258: 7255:. 30 May 2024. 7240: 7219: 7188: 7158: 7122: 7092: 7062: 7031: 6992: 6962: 6931: 6900: 6869: 6843: 6804: 6765: 6731: 6692: 6662: 6625: 6589: 6557: 6527: 6481: 6444: 6413: 6383: 6352: 6322: 6292: 6262: 6232: 6202: 6172: 6142: 6111: 6086: 6051: 6028:Wallis, Nick. 6020: 5982: 5943: 5902: 5866: 5829: 5803: 5772: 5740: 5738:, p. 382. 5736:Wallis (2021a) 5728: 5705: 5667: 5636: 5631:WhatDoTheyKnow 5600: 5568: 5545: 5515: 5506: 5476: 5470:978-1916302389 5469: 5451: 5420: 5390: 5357: 5326: 5292: 5265: 5235: 5197: 5167: 5136: 5107: 5081: 5039: 5009: 4979: 4948: 4946:, p. 433. 4944:Wallis (2021a) 4936: 4906: 4904:, p. 460. 4902:Wallis (2021a) 4894: 4863: 4833: 4802: 4763: 4732: 4701: 4686:. 9 May 2024. 4671: 4629: 4610: 4578: 4545: 4518: 4485: 4470:. TechTarget. 4449: 4413: 4379: 4349: 4319: 4276: 4236: 4200: 4169: 4138: 4108: 4078: 4048: 4017: 3987: 3953: 3913: 3874: 3859:. TechTarget. 3838: 3823:. TechTarget. 3805: 3765: 3731: 3695: 3669: 3622: 3586: 3555: 3536: 3529: 3504: 3467: 3428: 3398: 3367: 3337: 3318: 3298: 3261: 3246:. TechTarget. 3223: 3193: 3160: 3119: 3089: 3059: 3028: 2998: 2967: 2936: 2917: 2887: 2867: 2837: 2804: 2771: 2752: 2747:WhatDoTheyKnow 2715: 2698:The Irish News 2685: 2655: 2624: 2592: 2559: 2528: 2498: 2468: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2382: 2379: 2340: 2337: 2309:Richard Brooks 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2194: 2191: 2149: 2146: 2119: 2116: 2092: 2089: 1989:Lord Arbuthnot 1973: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1932: 1931:Interim report 1929: 1889:City of London 1884: 1881: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1849: 1825: 1822: 1787: 1784: 1728: 1725: 1706: 1705: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1647: 1646: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1579: 1460: 1457: 1452: 1449: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1252: 1246: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1077: 1071: 1050: 1044: 1023:hear [ 975:The ruling in 972: 969: 954: 845:Rolls Building 833:Main article: 830: 825: 815:Andrew Bridgen 804:House of Lords 759:Jonathan Swift 730: 727: 721: 718: 711: 649: 646: 637: 634: 587: 584: 563:George Freeman 532: 529: 527: 524: 494:Paula Vennells 450: 447: 419: 416: 385: 382: 366: 363: 338: 335: 314: 311: 284:Paula Vennells 221: 218: 197: 194: 169:Historically, 151: 148: 119: 116: 46:subpostmasters 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11970: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11923:Software bugs 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11837:Gareth Peirce 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11808: 11802: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11792: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11771: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11756: 11754: 11750: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11705: 11699: 11698:John Corcoran 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11688:Donna Anthony 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11678:Victor Nealon 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11658:Cardiff Three 11656: 11652: 11649: 11648: 11647: 11644: 11643: 11641: 11637: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11605:Ernest Barrie 11603: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11579: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11562:Anthony Steel 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11552:Stefan Kiszko 11550: 11548: 11545: 11541: 11538: 11537: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11495:Stockwell Six 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11482: 11480: 11476: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11464:Timothy Evans 11462: 11460: 11459:Derek Bentley 11457: 11456: 11454: 11450: 11444: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11427: 11418: 11413: 11411: 11406: 11404: 11399: 11398: 11395: 11388: 11385: 11382: 11381: 11376: 11373: 11370: 11367:, File on 4: 11366: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11352: 11349: 11346: 11342: 11339: 11336: 11333:, File on 4: 11332: 11331: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11315: 11314: 11305: 11301: 11298: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11280: 11279:UK Parliament 11275: 11271: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11249: 11243: 11240:. Troubador. 11239: 11234: 11230: 11224: 11220: 11215: 11214: 11204: 11198: 11194: 11189: 11188: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11153: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11123: 11107: 11103: 11102: 11097: 11091: 11089: 11087: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11055: 11039: 11035: 11034: 11029: 11022: 11006: 11002: 10998: 10994: 10993:Bland, Archie 10988: 10972: 10968: 10967: 10962: 10955: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10925: 10909: 10905: 10901: 10895: 10879: 10875: 10871: 10865: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10843:Press Gazette 10839: 10832: 10825: 10820: 10804: 10800: 10799: 10798:Press Gazette 10794: 10787: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10773: 10768: 10752: 10748: 10747: 10742: 10735: 10727: 10726: 10718: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10678: 10670: 10665: 10649: 10645: 10640: 10632: 10616: 10612: 10611: 10605: 10597: 10590: 10585: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10555: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10525: 10509: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10491: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10453: 10434: 10430: 10423: 10417: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10379: 10375: 10371: 10364: 10362: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10323: 10316: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10285: 10269: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10252: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10222: 10206: 10202: 10198: 10192: 10176: 10170: 10154: 10148: 10132: 10126: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10096: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10066: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10035: 10019: 10015: 10009: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9963: 9959: 9955: 9949: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9887: 9885: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9853: 9851: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9819: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9785: 9770: 9766: 9759: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9717: 9713: 9707: 9692: 9688: 9681: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9647: 9632: 9628: 9621: 9606: 9602: 9595: 9580: 9576: 9569: 9554: 9550: 9543: 9528: 9524: 9517: 9502: 9498: 9491: 9476: 9472: 9465: 9450: 9446: 9439: 9423: 9419: 9418:The Telegraph 9415: 9408: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9377: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9346: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9315: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9253: 9237: 9233: 9232:The Telegraph 9229: 9222: 9206: 9202: 9201:The Telegraph 9198: 9191: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9160: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9129: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9098: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9041: 9034: 9030: 9027: 9022: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8991: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8960: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8930: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8900: 8884: 8880: 8874: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8817: 8798: 8794: 8787: 8781: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8720: 8701: 8697: 8690: 8683: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8650: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8620: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8560: 8558: 8549: 8542: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8511: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8481: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8439: 8437: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8403: 8387: 8383: 8382: 8377: 8373: 8372:Williams, Wyn 8367: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8336: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8306: 8290: 8286: 8280: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8218: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8172: 8168: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8148: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8123: 8121: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8090: 8074: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8057: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8027: 8011: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7994: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7963: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7903: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7769: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7739: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7709: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7662: 7658: 7652: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7536: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7520: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7487: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7456: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7425: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7394: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7362: 7342: 7338: 7337:UK Parliament 7331: 7325: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7265: 7263: 7254: 7250: 7244: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7223: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7162: 7143: 7139: 7132: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7035: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6996: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6966: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6935: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6904: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6873: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6808: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6769: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6738: 6736: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6706:The Telegraph 6703: 6696: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6629: 6613: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6596: 6594: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6566:"Engagements" 6561: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6466: 6462: 6455: 6448: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6356: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6296: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6008: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5947: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5906: 5887: 5883: 5876: 5870: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5776: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5744: 5737: 5732: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5712: 5710: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5682: 5674: 5672: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5640: 5632: 5617: 5610: 5604: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5572: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5550: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5510: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5472: 5466: 5462: 5455: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5229: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5202: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5155: 5151: 5150:Legal Futures 5147: 5140: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5112: 5095: 5091: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5044: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5013: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4967: 4963: 4962:The Telegraph 4959: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4903: 4898: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4867: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4614: 4595: 4588: 4582: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4463: 4456: 4454: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4420: 4418: 4401: 4397: 4396:Legal Futures 4393: 4386: 4384: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4304: 4300: 4293: 4291: 4283: 4281: 4261: 4254: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4205: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3901: 3897: 3896:UK Parliament 3893: 3889: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3843: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3772: 3770: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3738: 3736: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3590: 3574: 3570: 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2448: 2442: 2438: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2339:Dramatisation 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2287: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2231: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2097: 2088: 2086: 2080: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2020:Alice Perkins 2016: 2012: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1978: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1880: 1875: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1756:Boris Johnson 1752: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1733: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1712: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1636:Introduced by 1634: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1596: 1591: 1584: 1578: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1523: 1521: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1465: 1456: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1422:Law in Action 1419: 1414: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1404:The Guardian, 1401: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1350: 1328: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1258: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1240:for possible 1239: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1055: 1048: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1017: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 986: 982: 978: 968: 953: 947: 937: 924: 920: 918: 912: 907: 905: 904: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 869: 864: 862: 858: 854: 846: 841: 836: 829: 823: 818: 816: 811: 809: 805: 800: 792: 783: 778: 774: 769: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 747: 745: 741: 736: 726: 710: 706: 701: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 670: 668: 663: 659: 656: 645: 643: 636:Detica report 633: 629: 626: 621: 618: 613: 609: 605: 604:Alice Perkins 600: 598: 594: 582: 577: 574: 570: 568: 567:Stephen Timms 564: 558: 553: 550: 546: 542: 537: 523: 519: 516: 512: 511: 505: 504:postmasters. 502: 497: 495: 491: 487: 482: 481: 476: 472: 467: 459: 457: 445: 440: 438: 437: 429: 424: 415: 412: 406: 403: 399: 393: 391: 380: 375: 373: 362: 360: 359:Kemi Badenoch 357: 352: 345: 334: 331: 326: 321: 320: 309: 304: 302: 299:British peer 296: 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