312:'s ruling that forbade women to enter the cathedral which housed his relics. Judith, angered that women were not permitted to set foot inside the church and wishing to worship at his tomb, had decided to put Cuthbert's prohibition to the test by ordering her serving woman to go inside to see what repercussions would follow for breaking the holy decree (Judith had planned to go herself upon the latter's safe return); when the woman was about to enter the churchyard, she was stricken by a sudden, violent force of wind that left her infirm and eventually killed her. Judith, as a result of superstitious fear, had the crucifix especially made for St Cuthbert's shrine. Throughout her life, she collected and commissioned many books and illuminated manuscripts, some of which are extant, including the
391:
331:
against the rule of Tostig. After his brother Harold persuaded King Edward to accept the demands made by the rebels, there was an acrimonious confrontation between the two brothers, with Tostig accusing Harold of fomenting the rebellion. In
November, Tostig was outlawed by King Edward, and Judith,
450:, where she was buried after her death on 5 March 1095, and where she was (wrongly) remembered as a widowed queen of England. The abbey which had been built by Duke Welf on the Martinsberg in Weingarten, and had received Judith's patronage. She also had bequeathed her magnificent library and a
738:
336:
of Saint-Omer. In May 1066 following the succession of Harold to the
English throne in January, he returned to England with a fleet provided by Baldwin to seek revenge on his brother. He formed an alliance with King
878:
249:, who succeeded their father upon his death which had occurred when Judith was about two years old. (Some scholars argue that Judith's father was Baldwin V, not Baldwin IV.) Judith's niece was
1334:
1286:
288:
He was created Earl of
Northumbria in 1055, making Judith the Countess of Northumbria, from that date. His distinguished marriage to Judith had helped Tostig secure the earldom.
49:
414:
in 1070. Upon her marriage, she became
Duchess of Bavaria; however in 1077, her husband was deprived of his title, and did not regain it until 1096, a year after her death.
352:. It is presumed that she brought her "unweaned" children with her to Denmark; however, nothing certain is known of their subsequent fates. A pair of Norwegian king-sagas,
958:
17:
776:
1270:
865:
1174:
257:, the first Norman king of England, known to history as "William the Conqueror". King William was Judith's first cousin, being the son of her maternal uncle,
1246:
860:
332:
along with Tostig and her children, was compelled to seek refuge with her half-brother in
Flanders the following month. Count Baldwin appointed Tostig as
894:
374:
gives him different parentage. Neither names Judith as his mother. Less than a month after Tostig's death, Judith's brother-in-law was killed at the
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855:
847:
1342:
769:
1390:
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Judith was described as having been a "pious and inquisitive woman"; her piety was expressed in the many gifts and donations she made to the
762:
308:, which included landed estates and an ornate crucifix. The latter allegedly was a present to appease the saint after she challenged
1366:
1126:
1406:
1238:
1214:
324:. These were written and illuminated by English scribes and artists to record for posterity, Judith's generosity to the Church.
1531:
649:
Creber, Alison (22 April 2019). "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Dissolving Royal and Noble
Marriages in Eleventh-Century Germany".
1546:
1536:
1094:
1516:
1422:
1414:
1134:
1078:
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as "unweaned" at the time of their father's death. Tostig had at least three illegitimate sons by unknown mistresses.
1198:
785:
1511:
1398:
1158:
926:
230:
169:
1062:
1541:
269:
On an unknown date before
September 1051, she married her first husband, Tostig Godwinson, brother of King
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1230:
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806:
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145:
71:
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141:
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1118:
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206:
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129:
1382:
1374:
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Together they had children whose names and numbers are not recorded. They were described in the
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428:(1072 – 24 September 1120), married Matilda of Tuscany, but the marriage did not produce issue.
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An Early Image of a Mass of St
Gregory and Devotion to the Holy Blood at Weingarten Abbey
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541:
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234:
179:
56:
27:
This article is about the wife of Tostig
Godwinson. For the wife of King Æthelwulf, see
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1006:
974:
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811:
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Harrsen, Meta. "The
Countess Judith of Flanders and the Library of Weingarten Abbey".
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666:
434:(1074 – 13 December 1126), married Wulfhild of Saxony, by whom he had seven children.
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136:
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On 12 March 1094 Judith and her husband listed donations to the family monastery at
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Kunizza of Bavaria (died 6 March 1120), married Frederich Rocho, Count of Diesen
1142:
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The Boundaries of Medieval Misogyny: Gendered Urban Space in Medieval Durham
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406:
In 1071, when she was 38 years of age, she married her second husband,
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750:
Gospels of Judith of Flanders, MS. M. 708, Morgan Library & Museum
745:
Gospels of Judith of Flanders, MS. M. 709, Morgan Library & Museum
546:
Gospels of Judith of Flanders, MS. M. 709, Morgan Library & Museum
542:
Gospels of Judith of Flanders, MS. M. 708, Morgan Library & Museum
934:
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870:
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190:(1030-1035 to 5 March 1095) was, by her successive marriages to
459:
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48:
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After her husband's death at Stamford Bridge, Judith moved to
918:
451:
277:, along with her husband and in-laws, after Tostig's father
364:, identify Skuli Konungsfóstri, male-line ancestor of King
273:. In September 1051, Judith was forced to flee England for
341:, but they were both killed on 25 September 1066 at the
615:
The Scriptorium and Library at Monte Cassino, 1058-1105
503:"Judith of Flanders, duchess of Bavaria (1030x35–1095)"
604:, Cardiff University, pp.49-50, retrieved 4 March 2010
702:
Luscombe, David; Riley-Smith, Jonathan, eds. (2006).
485:
The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
458:
to the abbey. Her husband Duke Welf died in 1101 in
701:
688:, University of North Texas, retrieved 5 March 2010
631:
285:; however, they returned home the following year.
712:Die Welfen. Herrschaft und Erinnerung (819–1252).
1478:
784:
417:They made their principal home at the castle of
770:
591:, p.195, Google Books, retrieved 5 March 2010
726:The Books and the Life of Judith of Flanders
550:The Books and the Life of Judith of Flanders
18:Judith of Flanders, Countess of Northumbria
777:
763:
47:
1394:(Munich: 1433–1435; Straubing: 1433–1435)
1354:(Munich: 1397–1432; Straubing: 1429–1432)
500:
487:, vol. 24, no. 1/2, 1930, pp. 1–13. JSTOR
225:Judith was born between 1030 and 1035 in
1258:(Lower: 1352–1353; Straubing: 1353–1362)
739:Judith von Flandern, Herzogin von Bayern
398:, Stuttgart: Judith of Flanders marries
389:
1338:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447)
507:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
14:
1479:
648:
394:Weingartener Heilig-Blut-Tafel, 1489;
378:by the Norman army led by her cousin,
758:
496:
494:
245:. Judith had an older half-brother,
205:She was the owner of many books and
714:(Stuttgart, 2000), pp. 119–123
410:, who had divorced his first wife,
382:, who then became king of England.
237:, who was herself, the daughter of
24:
1274:(Landshut: 1359–1375; Upper: 1363)
704:The New Cambridge Medieval History
617:, p.234, retrieved on 4 March 2010
548:. For discussion: Dockray-Miller,
491:
385:
213:(two of which are now held at the
25:
1558:
732:
264:
1330:(1381–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
316:, which are currently housed in
678:
637:
632:Luscombe & Riley-Smith 2006
1434:(Munich: 1487–1505; 1505–1508)
719:Henry IV of Germany, 1056-1106
607:
594:
581:
568:
555:
535:
476:
462:while returning home from the
345:by the forces of King Harold.
198:, Countess of Northumbria and
13:
1:
1532:11th-century English nobility
1399:Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
1234:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
1202:(Upper: 1324–1340; 1340–1347)
1159:Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
1138:(1254–1255; Upper: 1255–1256)
874:(? – c. 716; c. 716 – c. 719)
706:. Cambridge University Press.
501:van Houts, Elisabeth (2004).
469:
329:Northumbria rose in rebellion
231:Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
170:Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
1547:Mothers of Bavarian monarchs
1537:11th-century German nobility
786:Duchesses consort of Bavaria
529:UK public library membership
247:Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
7:
1517:Burials at Weingarten Abbey
986:(c. 1000 – 1004, 1009–1017)
509:. Oxford University Press.
318:Morgan Library & Museum
215:Morgan Library & Museum
10:
1563:
1522:11th-century English women
1063:Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
695:
314:Gospels of Countess Judith
209:, which she bequeathed to
26:
1527:11th-century German women
978:(before 972–976, 985–995)
835:
792:
432:Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria
343:Battle of Stamford Bridge
220:
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146:Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria
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101:
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62:
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41:
1242:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349)
946:(Margravine: ?–907)
441:
426:Welf II, Duke of Bavaria
396:Landesmuseum Württemberg
368:, as son of Tostig, but
142:Welf II, Duke of Bavaria
1439:Marie of Baden-Sponheim
1410:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
1407:Margaret of Brandenburg
1378:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
1362:(Ingolstadt: 1401–1413)
1279:Ingeborg of Mecklenburg
1119:Agnes of the Palatinate
983:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
421:and together they had:
408:Welf I, Duke of Bavaria
400:Welf I, Duke of Bavaria
207:illuminated manuscripts
130:Welf I, Duke of Bavaria
57:Countess of Northumbria
36:Countess of Northumbria
1386:(Straubing: 1418–1425)
1370:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
1346:(Straubing: 1394–1404)
1271:Margarete of Nuremberg
1266:(Straubing: 1353–1386)
1087:Clementia of Zähringen
1066:(1127–1138; 1142–1143)
866:Folchiade of Salzeburg
515:10.1093/ref:odnb/54458
403:
279:Godwin, Earl of Wessex
239:Richard II of Normandy
1463:Elisabeth of Lorraine
1426:(Landshut: 1479–1502)
1418:(Landshut: 1452–1479)
1298:(Landshut: 1366–1379)
1226:(Lower: c. 1330–1334)
1210:(Lower: 1326/28–1333)
1186:(Upper: 1308/11–1322)
1178:(Lower: 1297/99–1310)
1015:Ethelinde of Northeim
999:Judith of Schweinfurt
663:10.1093/gerhis/ghy108
412:Ethelinde of Northeim
393:
302:Church of St Cuthbert
1512:Duchesses of Bavaria
1431:Kunigunde of Austria
1383:Elizabeth of Görlitz
1375:Catherine of Alençon
1367:Margaret of Burgundy
1303:Catherine of Gorizia
1295:Catherine of Bohemia
1175:Jutta of Schweidnitz
1127:Elizabeth of Hungary
589:Edward the Confessor
402:, her second husband
339:Harold III of Norway
283:Edward the Confessor
271:Harold II of England
233:by his second wife,
229:, the only child of
1542:Daughters of counts
1402:(Munich: 1438–1460)
1359:Elisabeth of Cleves
1351:Elisabetta Visconti
1335:Margaret of Austria
1287:Margaret of Austria
1247:Cunigunde of Poland
1239:Elisabeth of Sicily
1231:Margarete Maultasch
1223:Richardis of Jülich
1215:Margaret of Bohemia
1199:Margaret of Holland
1183:Beatrice of Silesia
1167:Mechthild of Nassau
1151:Matilda of Habsburg
1111:Ludmilla of Bohemia
1055:Wulfhilde of Saxony
991:Gunhilda of Denmark
951:Judith of Sülichgau
943:Cunigunde of Swabia
724:M. Dockray-Miller,
281:was exiled by King
251:Matilda of Flanders
235:Eleanor of Normandy
180:Eleanor of Normandy
1455:Renata of Lorraine
1391:Margaret of Cleves
1343:Margaret of Cleves
1327:Maddalena Visconti
1290:(Upper: 1361–1363)
1218:(Lower: 1328–1339)
1194:(Lower: 1309–1312)
1170:(Upper: 1294–1317)
1162:(Lower: 1290–1296)
1154:(Upper: 1273–1294)
1146:(Upper: 1260–1271)
1130:(Lower: 1253–1271)
1095:Matilda of England
1047:Matilda of Tuscany
1023:Judith of Flanders
1007:Richenza of Swabia
975:Gisela of Burgundy
927:Liutgard of Saxony
861:Gleisnod de Friuli
812:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
721:(Cambridge, 2003).
710:B. Schneidmüller:
404:
376:Battle of Hastings
294:Vita Ædwardi Regis
259:Robert of Normandy
243:Judith of Brittany
200:Duchess of Bavaria
188:Judith of Flanders
149:Kunizza of Bavaria
72:Duchess of Bavaria
42:Judith of Flanders
29:Judith of Flanders
1497:House of Flanders
1474:
1473:
1263:Margaret of Brieg
1255:Maud of Lancaster
906:(c. 741 – c. 748)
898:(c. 716 – c. 719)
895:Imma of Alamannia
890:(c. 716 – c. 719)
882:(c. 716 – c. 719)
851:(c. 610 – c. 625)
843:(c. 556 – c. 572)
827:Bavaria-Straubing
684:Michael Heinlen,
600:William M. Aird,
527:(subscription or
366:Inge II of Norway
327:In October 1065,
185:
184:
16:(Redirected from
1554:
1423:Hedwig Jagiellon
1415:Amalia of Saxony
1135:Maria of Brabant
1079:Theodora Komnene
1071:Maria of Bohemia
1039:Eupraxia of Kiev
938:(Queen: 882–887)
930:(Queen: 880–882)
922:(Queen: 827–876)
914:(bef. 770 – 788)
817:Bavaria-Landshut
797:Duchy of Bavaria
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756:
755:
728:(Farnham, 2015).
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613:Francis Newton,
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1447:Anna of Austria
1319:Taddea Visconti
1311:Anna of Neuffen
1207:Anne of Austria
1191:Agnes of Glogau
1031:Bertha of Savoy
856:Fara of Bavaria
848:Geila of Friuli
831:
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717:I.S. Robinson,
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651:German History
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807:Lower Bavaria
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802:Upper Bavaria
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322:New York City
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1487:1030s births
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518:. Retrieved
506:
484:
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445:
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405:
380:Duke William
371:Heimskringla
369:
361:Morkinskinna
359:
353:
347:
326:
313:
299:
292:
290:
287:
268:
253:who married
224:
204:
187:
186:
105:5 March 1095
33:
1492:1095 deaths
1466:(1597–1623)
1458:(1579–1597)
1450:(1550–1579)
1442:(1522–1550)
1322:(1375–1381)
1314:(1375–1381)
1306:(1375–1391)
1282:(1360–1365)
1250:(1347–1357)
1122:(1231–1253)
1114:(1204–1231)
1106:(1180–1183)
1098:(1168–1180)
1090:(1156–1162)
1082:(1148–1156)
1074:(1139–1141)
1058:(1120–1126)
1050:(1101–1115)
1042:(1089–1096)
1034:(1077–1087)
1026:(1071–1077)
1010:(1061–1070)
741:(in German)
310:St Cuthbert
1481:Categories
887:Pilithrude
645:Die Welfen
563:Die Welfen
520:25 October
470:References
419:Ravensburg
355:Fagrskinna
1018:(c. 1070)
970:(947–955)
935:Richardis
911:Liutperga
871:Regintrud
671:0266-3554
647:, p. 134;
531:required)
334:castellan
81:1071–1077
66:1055–1066
1002:(?–1053)
959:Biltrude
879:Waldrada
840:Waldrada
576:Henry IV
160:Flanders
903:Hiltrud
696:Sources
578:, p. 70
350:Denmark
255:William
967:Judith
669:
460:Cyprus
306:Durham
275:Bruges
227:Bruges
221:Family
196:Welf I
176:Mother
166:Father
122:Spouse
110:Burial
96:Bruges
78:Tenure
63:Tenure
919:Hemma
452:relic
442:Death
155:House
137:Issue
667:ISSN
544:and
522:2016
358:and
241:and
194:and
102:Died
93:1032
90:Born
659:doi
511:doi
454:of
320:in
304:in
1483::
665:.
655:37
653:.
622:^
505:.
493:^
466:.
261:.
202:.
778:e
771:t
764:v
675:.
673:.
661::
552:.
524:.
513::
31:.
20:)
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