3865:
252:
4112:
720:
4314:
2013:
4243:
762:
4213:
230:
4193:
1544:
3606:
4143:
4157:
3935:
203:
4283:
2001:
189:
4233:
748:
653:
1718:
4133:
678:
4223:
4183:
4173:
1950:
4252:
4273:
734:
1911:
1443:
4203:
3805:
706:
4293:
692:
2356:
4333:
36:
1287:
3815:
2148:
Maximilian I found the duchy encumbered with debt and filled with disorder, but ten years of his vigorous rule effected a remarkable change. The finances and the judicial system were reorganised, a class of civil servants and a national militia founded, and several small districts were brought under
1929:
in 1180, the
Wittelsbach treasury was rather low. In the following years it was significantly augmented by purchase, marriage, and inheritance. Newly acquired land was no longer given as a fief, but managed by servants. Also, powerful families, such as the counts of Andechs, died out during this
1828:, claiming that it was unlawful for a duke to hold two duchies. This, compounded with his bitterness for being denied the throne, prompted Henry to refuse to swear his oath of allegiance to Conrad. As a consequence, he was dispossessed of all of his territories, and Bavaria was given to his
1937:
Since there was no preference for succession of the firstborn in the
Wittelsbach dynasty, in contrast to many governments of this time, there was in 1255 a division of the land into Upper Bavaria with the Palatinate and the Nordgau (headquartered in Munich) and Lower Bavaria (with seats in
1993:, Emperor Louis divided ownership in a Palatine region, with the Rhine Palatinate, and a later so-called Upper Palatinate. Thus, the electoral dignity for the line was passed onwards to the Palatinate. With the recognition of the limits of domination by the Bavarian Duke in the year 1275,
1889:
Henry the Lion founded numerous cities, including Munich in 1158. Through his strong position as ruler of the two duchies of Saxony and
Bavaria, he came into conflict with Frederick I Barbarossa. With the banishment of Henry the Lion and the separation of the
2102:. The reformed doctrines had made considerable progress in the duchy when the duke obtained extensive rights over the bishoprics and monasteries from the pope. He then took measures to repress the reformers, many of whom were banished; while the
1306:, the autonomy of the Bavarian dukes, previously enjoyed under the Merovingians, was reduced and subsequently terminated. In 716, the Carolingians had incorporated the Franconian lands in the north, formerly held by the
2114:, who had married a daughter of Ferdinand I. Early in his reign Albert made some concessions to the reformers, who were still strong in Bavaria; but about 1563 he changed his attitude, favoured the decrees of the
1531:, whose last name was the Bad, rallied the remnants of the tribe in alliance with the Hungarians and became duke of the Bavarians in 911, uniting Bavaria and Carinthia under his rule. The German king
1353:. Already in 788, the Avars made an incursion into Bavaria, but Franko-Bavarian forces repelled them, and then launched a counterattack towards neighbouring Avarian regions, situated along the
3831:
1985:(1345) were, however, lost under his successors. In 1369, Tyrol fell through the Treaty of Schärding to the Habsburgs. The Luxemburgish rider followed in 1373 and the Dutch counties fell to
1997:
of
Bavaria went into their final phase. When the Salzburg Archbishop issued its own country regulations in 1328, Salzburg become a largely independent state within the Holy Roman Empire.
1504:
Due mainly to the support of the
Bavarians, Arnulf could take the field against Charles in 887, and secure his own election as German king in the following year. In 899 Bavaria passed to
1733:
in 1002 as Henry II. At different times, the duchy was ruled by the German kings in personal union, by dependent dukes, or even by the emperor's sons, a tradition maintained by Henry's
4065:
2074:, an arrangement which lasted until the death of Louis in 1545. William followed the traditional Wittelsbach policy of opposition to the Habsburgs until in 1534 he made a treaty at
1824:
in the aftermath of
Lothair's death. However, Conrad III was successfully elected as King of Germany in 1138; fearing Henry's power, Conrad denied Henry his investiture with the
1501:
upon his father's death in 880, and became King of East
Francia, in 887. Carinthia and Bavaria were the bases of his power, with Regensburg as the seat of his government.
1512:
ravages occurred. Resistance to these inroads became gradually feebler, and tradition has it that on 5 July, 907, almost the whole of the
Bavarian tribe perished in the
639:
4373:
1384:), thus preparing the basis for future actions in the east. In 790, the Avars tried to negotiate a peace settlement with the Franks, but no agreement was reached.
251:
4393:
4388:
4074:
1820:, the Bavarian duke threw his support behind Lothair, further increasing his social capital and increasing his chances of election as King of Germany as well as
3861:
4398:
1779:
Only with the establishment of Welf rule as dukes from 1070 by Henry IV was there a re-emergence of the
Bavarian dukes. This period is characterized by the
4383:
1195:
4282:
1387:
Bavaria then became the main base for the
Frankish campaign against the Avars, which was initiated in 791. A large Frankish army, personally led by
1434:). It provided safety for Bavaria's eastern borders, securing as well the main communication between Frankish possessions in Bavaria and Pannonia.
229:
202:
1418:, represented a significant gain for the security of Bavaria. At first, that territory was placed under the jurisdiction of the Bavarian prefect
2465:
3934:
1477:
styled himself "King of Bavaria" in the territory that was to become the centre of his power. When the brothers divided the Empire by the 843
4242:
3420:
4212:
2376:
2626:
2371:
2141:
in 1583, and this dignity remained in the possession of the family for more than 200 years. In 1597 he abdicated in favour of his son
4363:
4313:
4192:
4096:
3853:
2023:
In the 14th and 15th centuries, upper and lower Bavaria were repeatedly subdivided. Four Duchies existed after the division of 1392:
3557:
1275:
1168:), who had asked him for protection against the invading Avars. The residence of the largely independent Agilolfing dukes was then
4142:
4104:
1926:
1247:
100:
2149:
the duke's authority. The result was a unity and order in the duchy which enabled Maximilian to play an important part in the
4132:
2340:
1157:
72:
3818:
1215:
4408:
4378:
4222:
4030:
3163:
1271:
4182:
2094:
by promising him in certain eventualities the succession to the Bohemian throne, and the electoral dignity enjoyed by the
4272:
4232:
4172:
3605:
2565:
The Carolingians in Central Europe, Their History, Arts, and Architecture: A Cultural History of Central Europe, 750-900
79:
2873:
1231:
17:
1925:
were the rulers of Bavaria, as dukes, later as electors and kings. When Count Palatine Otto VI. of Wittelsbach became
4251:
2549:
2525:
2501:
2449:
2425:
2404:
2044:
920:
119:
53:
1701:
in 985 and regained his duchy, the power of the Bavarian dukes was further diminished by the rise of the Franconian
4206:
3919:
3909:
3413:
3384:
3171:
2142:
1587:. However, the Austrian march remained occupied by the Hungarians and the Pannonian lands were irrecoverably lost.
1527:, created on the southeastern frontier for the defence of Bavaria. He died in the great battle of 907, but his son
1235:
727:
441:
4196:
1590:
Nevertheless, the self-confidence of the Bavarian dukes was an ongoing matter of dispute in the newly established
86:
3223:
2079:
1791:
896:
4292:
4246:
4006:
1633:. He still had to deal with the Hungarian threat, which was not eliminated until King Otto's victory at the 955
4226:
3956:
3914:
3113:
2619:
2594:
2573:
1311:
1310:, whereby the bishops of Würzburg gained a dominant position. In the west, the Carolingian mayor of the palace
1012:
Over the centuries, several further seceded territories in the territory of the former stem duchy, such as the
713:
57:
4202:
4156:
4186:
4089:
3846:
3700:
3398:
2905:
2825:
2087:
1761:
1572:
1520:
68:
1803:
1555:, died without heirs. The discontinuation of the central authority led to a new strengthening of the German
1334:
entailed the fall of Tassilo, who was deposed in 788. From that point, Bavaria was administered by Frankish
4176:
3986:
3894:
3730:
3550:
3271:
3239:
3137:
2961:
2929:
2889:
2777:
2107:
1958:
1757:
1726:
1319:
3899:
4403:
4368:
4255:
3406:
3351:
3303:
3287:
3215:
3180:
3057:
2095:
2067:
1787:
1678:
1137:
409:
215:
1618:. The last attempt of the Luitpoldings to regain power by joining the rebellion of King Otto's son Duke
1372:
In order to secure Bavaria's eastern borders, and resolve other political and administrative questions,
4216:
3454:
3376:
3343:
3319:
3295:
3279:
3255:
3207:
3189:
3121:
3073:
3065:
2937:
2913:
2881:
2130:
2040:
1957:
Despite renewed division after a short time of reunification, Bavaria gained new heights of power with
1899:
1690:
1611:
1599:
1419:
1339:
699:
3904:
4358:
4236:
4146:
3770:
3368:
3327:
3231:
3198:
3105:
3097:
3081:
3049:
3001:
2977:
2921:
2865:
2849:
2841:
2656:
2635:
2612:
2186:
2111:
1855:
1682:
1603:
1595:
1017:
830:
602:
300:
4105:
4082:
4055:
3924:
3839:
3640:
3359:
3311:
3263:
3154:
3041:
3033:
2993:
2985:
2969:
2897:
2857:
2071:
1833:
1607:
1315:
188:
3790:
2012:
194:
4413:
3889:
3808:
3655:
3595:
3543:
3494:
3335:
3247:
3145:
3129:
3017:
2953:
2833:
2651:
1870:
attempted reconciliation with the Welfs and, in 1156, gave back the Duchy of Bavaria to the Welf
1780:
1765:
1619:
1580:
1513:
1327:
1259:
944:
505:
211:
46:
3489:
1783:
between Emperor and Pope, which strengthened Welf rule through siding with the pope's position.
1407:. No decisive battles were fought, since the Avars had fled before the advancing Frankish army.
868:, the Bavarian territory was considerably diminished by the separation of the newly established
2761:
2705:
1990:
1867:
1153:
685:
3705:
3645:
2133:, had received a Jesuit education and showed keen attachment to Jesuit tenets. He secured the
1942:
and Burghausen). There is still today a distinction made between upper and lower Bavaria (cf.
93:
4286:
3750:
3685:
2737:
2689:
2162:
2134:
2099:
1817:
1810:
1422:(d. 799), and subsequently organized as a frontier unit, that became known as the (Bavarian)
1187:
1114:
904:
589:
469:
428:
1606:. In 948, King Otto finally disempowered the Luitpoldings and installed his younger brother
1543:
4026:
3630:
3514:
2721:
2697:
2473:
2150:
2017:
1931:
1915:
1742:
1630:
1535:
unsuccessfully attacked Arnulf when the latter refused to acknowledge his royal supremacy.
1086:
962:
908:
900:
576:
563:
550:
208:
8:
4296:
4276:
4001:
3760:
3715:
3670:
3499:
3479:
3089:
2793:
2745:
2729:
2119:
2110:, their headquarters in Germany. William died in March 1550 and was succeeded by his son
2091:
1576:
1532:
1494:
1490:
1399:, divided in two columns, but found no active resistance, and soon reached the region of
1303:
1267:
1141:
1122:
755:
397:
3775:
4337:
4051:
4038:
3981:
3966:
3524:
3429:
2753:
2661:
2459:
2083:
2032:
1859:
1849:
1730:
1702:
1686:
1634:
1591:
1498:
1466:
1307:
1243:
1239:
1207:
1165:
1041:
1021:
873:
869:
854:
842:
671:
520:
492:
312:
3755:
1882:
under the Babenbergs to a Dukedom established it as the nucleus of the later state of
1874:; however, the East Mark remained in Babenberg hands, and it was thus elevated to the
4117:
4047:
4034:
3873:
3864:
3509:
2801:
2713:
2676:
2590:
2569:
2545:
2521:
2497:
2445:
2421:
2400:
2336:
2161:
which had been enjoyed since 1356 by the elder branch of the Wittelsbach family. The
2138:
2024:
2000:
1986:
1982:
1863:
1738:
1674:
1524:
1381:
1251:
858:
537:
357:
328:
257:
235:
3690:
1349:. At that time, the eastern Bavarian border, towards the Avars, was situated on the
977:
regions. The separation of the Duchy of Carinthia in 976 entailed the loss of large
4022:
3433:
2945:
2785:
2666:
2174:
2154:
2115:
2103:
2028:
1966:
1875:
1753:
1717:
1662:
1564:
1560:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1380:, he held a council and regulated issues regarding the Bavarian frontier counties (
1094:
1006:
998:
970:
966:
932:
865:
534:
1051:
The origins of the older Bavarian duchy can be traced to the year 551/555. In his
4136:
4043:
3869:
3585:
3464:
2809:
2584:
2563:
2539:
2515:
2491:
2477:
2439:
2415:
2394:
2330:
1895:
1891:
1840:
1825:
1799:
1746:
1694:
1670:
1626:
1552:
1505:
1462:
1404:
1362:
1346:
1149:
1029:
1013:
892:
814:
741:
456:
402:
378:
372:
149:
2122:. As education passed by degrees into the hands of the Jesuits, the progress of
1737:
successors. This period saw the rise of many aristocratic families, such as the
1128:
On the eastern border, changes occurred with the departure of the West Germanic
3780:
3590:
3566:
3519:
3484:
3009:
2671:
2559:
2535:
2158:
2036:
1949:
1871:
1821:
1734:
1642:
1615:
1528:
1427:
1345:
By establishing direct rule over Bavaria, the Franks provoked the neighbouring
1318:. The last tribal stem duchy to be incorporated was Bavaria in 788, after Duke
1211:
1025:
888:
841:
overlordship. A new duchy was created from this area during the decline of the
658:
324:
163:
3660:
3428:
1961:, who became the first Wittelsbach emperor in 1328. The newly gained areas of
1689:
on former Bavarian territory granted to the former Luitpolding Count palatine
1081:
Until the end of the first duchy, all rulers descended from the family of the
4352:
3881:
3025:
2769:
2367:
2362:
2170:
2166:
2123:
2048:
1843:
consisted largely of countryside during the reign of the Staufer king, while
1773:
1769:
1673:
royal dynasty, the conflict of the Bavarian dukes with the German (from 962:
1650:
1523:, Count of Scheyern, who possessed large Bavarian domains, ruled the Mark of
1002:
880:
3996:
3765:
3725:
3665:
1910:
1551:
The Carolingian reign in East Francia ended in 911, when Arnulf's son, King
1410:
Frankish acquisition of new eastern regions, particularly those between the
1322:
had tried in vain to maintain his independence through an alliance with the
3976:
3961:
2435:
2396:
Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788–907
2153:; during the earlier years of which he was so successful as to acquire the
1666:
1584:
1482:
1415:
1411:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1354:
1350:
1255:
1227:
1199:
1173:
1102:
1098:
978:
884:
850:
846:
644:
308:
2417:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876
2056:
1930:
period. Otto's son Ludwig I of Wittelsbach was enfeoffed in 1214 with the
1489:, who upon his death bequested the Bavarian royal title to his eldest son
1442:
3785:
3735:
3580:
2511:
2487:
1962:
1922:
1795:
1749:
1646:
1451:
1388:
1373:
1331:
1118:
1110:
1082:
822:
473:
296:
292:
273:
2070:
was compelled to grant a share in the government in 1516 to his brother
1847:
became the center of Staufer power, having been invested with the title
1469:: while imperial authority upon his death was to pass to his eldest son
1376:
came to Bavaria in person, during the autumn of the same year (788). In
3991:
3745:
3740:
3695:
2060:
1559:. At the same time, East Francia was exposed to the rising threat from
1556:
1447:
1377:
1358:
1291:
1254:
at his court in Regensburg, becoming the "Apostle of Bavaria". In 798,
1169:
1161:
341:
269:
3720:
3680:
3650:
3449:
3444:
2586:
Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories
1978:
1844:
1829:
1807:
1698:
1583:
assumed the ducal title, becoming the first Duke of Bavaria from the
1473:, the younger brothers were to receive subordinate realms. From 825,
1470:
1219:
1203:
1191:
982:
974:
953:
826:
825:
kingdom from the sixth through the eighth century. It was settled by
390:
1760:
seized the duchy on fallacious grounds, which ultimately led to the
1497:, raised in the former Carantanian lands, secured possession of the
35:
4332:
3971:
3625:
3504:
2817:
2604:
2098:. William also did much at a critical period to secure Bavaria for
2052:
1994:
1939:
1658:
1323:
1263:
1133:
1129:
1058:
994:
990:
919:
in 1806. The duchy chaired the bench of the secular princes to the
916:
798:
3943:
2361:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1806:, and was thus promised her inheritance. When conflict arose with
3675:
3535:
3459:
1974:
1970:
1883:
1547:
Bavaria in 976, with the marches of Austria, Carinthia and Verona
1509:
1335:
1299:
1066:
958:
936:
838:
788:
783:
385:
2282:
1286:
3710:
3469:
3185:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)
1814:
1776:, which intermittently ruled the duchy for the next 110 years.
1654:
1638:
1223:
1180:
1145:
1070:
1062:
1053:
986:
948:
940:
346:
1878:
as compensation for the loss of Bavaria. The elevation of the
1391:, crossed from Bavaria in to the Avarian territory beyond the
903:, which held it until 1918. The Bavarian dukes were raised to
3620:
1106:
793:
361:
3474:
2075:
1090:
912:
877:
876:
were again strongly opposed by Bavaria, especially by the
1152:
at about the same time. At around 743, the Bavarian duke
2305:. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
2234:
1369:), where the Avars suffered a significant defeat (788).
981:
territories covering the present-day Austrian states of
821:) was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the
2270:
2210:
2039:. These dukes often waged war against each other. Duke
1610:
as Bavarian duke. The late Duke Berthold's minor heir,
2222:
2517:
The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822
2493:
Die Welt der Babenberger: Schleier, Kreuz und Schwert
1854:
in 1115 by Henry V. This lasted until 1168, when the
1697:
Though Henry II reconciled with Emperor Otto's widow
1121:, who ruled from 555 onward as a largely independent
931:
The medieval Bavarian stem duchy covered present-day
2090:
obtained the help of the duke during the war of the
2066:
In spite of the decree of 1506, Albert's oldest son
1579:. Luitpold himself was killed in action and his son
1314:
had suppressed the last Alamannic revolt at the 746
3355:(Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)
3203:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)
3194:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)
2258:
2198:
2106:, whom he invited into the duchy in 1541, made the
2086:. This link strengthened in 1546, when the emperor
1357:, east of the Enns. The two sides clashed near the
1234:was a bishop's seat. When Boniface established the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3150:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)
2399:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2246:
2043:of Bavaria-Munich united Bavaria in 1503 through
1790:, the last of the Salian emperors, died in 1125,
1085:. The Bavarians then colonized the area from the
4350:
2165:then consisted of most of the modern regions of
1602:in 938; he was succeeded by his younger brother
1202:in the 7th century had been a missionary of the
1144:, as well as with the settlement of West Slavic
845:in the late ninth century. It became one of the
4374:1623 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2520:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
2332:Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia
1625:In 952, Duke Henry I also received the Italian
1614:, was fobbed off with the office of a Bavarian
1001:—roughly corresponding to the present state of
4394:States and territories established in the 900s
4389:States and territories established in the 550s
4399:States and territories disestablished in 1623
4090:
3847:
3551:
3414:
2620:
1798:was elected to the thrown; the Bavarian duke
1645:rivers, facilitating a second wave of German
1538:
883:. In the final conflict between the Welf and
3299:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)
2541:Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800–1056
2380:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2006:Wappenbuch des St. Galler Abtes Ulrich Rösch
1571:) beyond the Enns river. In 907 the army of
891:was banned and deprived of his Bavarian and
141:
4384:10th-century establishments in East Francia
2441:King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne
2051:. However, the originally Bavarian offices
1756:with the Duchy. Nevertheless, her son King
155:
4097:
4083:
3854:
3840:
3558:
3544:
3421:
3407:
2627:
2613:
2464:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1902:—the younger tribal duchy came to an end.
1461:, Charlemagne's son and successor Emperor
1206:territory in the north, then ruled by the
250:
228:
3251:(Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)
3243:(Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2420:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2413:
2366:
2328:
2300:
2011:
1999:
1948:
1909:
1716:
1709:), who became increasingly independent.
1542:
1441:
1342:, who governed Bavaria from 788 to 799.
1285:
1238:in 739, he could already build on local
195:Flag variants of the Wittelsbach dynasty
1914:Coat of arms of counts of Bogen, later
951:tributary in the east. It included the
899:. Frederick passed Bavaria over to the
14:
4351:
3323:(Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)
2582:
2558:
2534:
2434:
2392:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2240:
2216:
2204:
2118:, and pressed forward the work of the
1813:, nephew of Henry V and member of the
1563:invasions, especially in the Bavarian
1278:(later Brixen) as suffragan dioceses.
1250:, probably after he had baptized Duke
1164:(roughly corresponding with the later
4078:
3835:
3539:
3402:
2608:
2583:Scholz, Bernhard Walter, ed. (1970).
2472:
2126:was effectually arrested in Bavaria.
1768:, a scion of the Veronese margravial
1519:During the reign of Louis the Child,
1437:
1148:on the adjacent territory beyond the
1101:in the east and southward across the
3814:
2634:
2510:
2486:
2252:
2228:
1764:of 1073. Henry entrusted Bavaria to
1629:, which Otto I had seized from King
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2129:The succeeding duke, Albert's son,
1953:Bavarian lands after 1392 partition
1681:deposed his rebellious cousin Duke
1677:) court continued: in 976, Emperor
1637:. The Magyars retreated behind the
1465:tried to maintain the unity of the
1395:, and started to advance along the
1194:laid the foundations for the later
1046:
872:in 976. Between 1070 and 1180, the
24:
3565:
3275:(1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)
2544:. London and New York: Routledge.
2004:The Bavarian Square banner in the
1705:, ruling as Margraves of Austria (
1575:suffered a crushing defeat at the
1516:against these formidable enemies.
491:• Directly ruled part of the
234:Duchy of Bavaria (red) within the
25:
4425:
2317:Die Staufer. Herrscher und Reich.
1721:Coat of Arms of the House of Welf
1140:in 568 and the succession of the
864:During internal struggles in the
4364:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire
4331:
4312:
4291:
4281:
4271:
4250:
4241:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4201:
4191:
4181:
4171:
4155:
4141:
4131:
4110:
3933:
3863:
3813:
3804:
3803:
3604:
3259:(1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
2589:. University of Michigan Press.
2354:
1712:
1508:, during whose reign continuous
1242:traditions. In the south, Saint
1113:. The first documented duke was
947:border which then ran along the
760:
746:
732:
728:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
718:
704:
690:
676:
651:
637:
201:
187:
34:
2322:
2309:
1905:
1834:Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria
1802:had married Lothair's daughter
1745:. In 1061, the dowager empress
1493:in 876. Carloman's natural son
1281:
1024:. From 1500, a number of these
957:regions of the modern state of
45:needs additional citations for
3347:(Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)
3267:(1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)
2294:
1076:
714:Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg
13:
1:
3159:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
3141:(Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)
3053:(1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)
2329:Emmerson, Richard K. (2013).
2192:
1573:Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria
1005:— was likewise elevated to a
480:
283:
238:
173:
2108:Jesuit College of Ingolstadt
2063:in Tirol were lost in 1504.
1969:(1342), the Dutch provinces
1959:Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
1932:County Palatine of the Rhine
926:
853:realm, which evolved as the
256:Duchy of Bavaria within the
7:
4409:Former monarchies of Europe
4379:Medieval history of Germany
3272:Stephen III the Magnificent
2393:Bowlus, Charles R. (1995).
2291:, pp. 24, 45, 85, 101.
2180:
2096:count palatine of the Rhine
1894:from Bavaria—raised to the
1403:, at the very gates of the
10:
4430:
3106:Henry XV the Natternberger
3093:(Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)
2414:Goldberg, Eric J. (2006).
2385:
2335:. Routledge. p. 320.
1665:descendants of Henry I, a
1649:into the areas of today's
1539:Luitpoldings and Ottonians
1117:, a scion of the Frankish
1061:writes: "That area of the
1039:
1035:
1032:of the Holy Roman Empire.
1009:in its own right by 1156.
700:Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
4326:
4305:
4264:
4164:
4153:
4124:
4031:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
4015:
3942:
3931:
3880:
3799:
3613:
3602:
3573:
3440:
3155:Louis V the Brandenburger
2685:
2642:
2187:List of rulers of Bavaria
1850:dux Francorum orientalium
1481:, Bavaria became part of
1018:Archbishopric of Salzburg
776:
616:
612:
599:
586:
573:
560:
547:
531:
517:
502:
489:
466:
462:
452:
448:
435:
422:
418:
408:
396:
384:
367:
353:
337:
265:
249:
227:
183:
172:
136:
3369:Albert V the Magnanimous
3352:William IV the Steadfast
3288:Louis VIII the Hunchback
2866:Henry II the Quarrelsome
2568:. Leiden-Boston: BRILL.
2135:Archbishopric of Cologne
1725:The last Ottonian duke,
1661:. Although ruled by the
1316:Blood court at Cannstatt
1274:, Passau, Freising, and
1218:in 742. In the adjacent
1093:river (later called the
989:as well as the adjacent
961:, with the lands of the
476:, first documented duke
4108:(1609–1635) within the
4066:Unencircled territories
3432:established around the
3291:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
3283:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
2496:. Graz: Verlag Styria.
2377:Encyclopædia Britannica
2301:Chisholm, Hugh (1911).
1927:Otto I, Duke of Bavaria
1921:From 1180 to 1918, the
1781:Investiture Controversy
1260:ecclesiastical province
1246:had founded in 696 the
27:Former duchy in Germany
4338:Catholicism portal
3235:(Straubing: 1417-1425)
3227:(Straubing: 1417-1429)
3219:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
3211:(Straubing: 1389–1397)
2957:(1070–1077, 1096–1101)
2933:(1053–1054, 1055–1061)
2901:(1004–1009, 1017–1026)
2092:league of Schmalkalden
2020:
2009:
1954:
1918:
1868:Frederick I Barbarossa
1772:and progenitor of the
1722:
1548:
1454:
1431:
1366:
1326:. The conquest of the
1295:
818:
686:Margraviate of Austria
156:
142:
3339:(Landshut: 1479–1503)
3331:(Landshut: 1450–1479)
3280:Louis VII the Bearded
3232:John III the Pitiless
2893:(995–1004, 1009–1017)
2882:Henry III the Younger
2802:Louis III the Younger
2474:Pertz, Georg Heinrich
2163:Electorate of Bavaria
2016:Late Coat of arms of
2015:
2003:
1989:in 1436. In the 1329
1952:
1913:
1818:House of Hohenstaufen
1720:
1546:
1446:Bavaria and Frankish
1445:
1361:, on the Ybbs Field (
1298:With the rise of the
1289:
1258:created the Bavarian
354:Common languages
3490:Kingdom of the Aurès
3450:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
3256:Frederick I the Wise
3042:Otto the Illustrious
3002:Henry XI Jasomirgott
1916:House of Wittelsbach
1862:and thus became the
1743:House of Wittelsbach
1685:and established the
1631:Berengar II of Italy
1622:was crushed in 954.
1598:was deposed by King
1594:: Duke Arnulf's son
1338:, first of whom was
1226:) lands west of the
1087:March of the Nordgau
1028:were members of the
933:Southeastern Germany
901:House of Wittelsbach
897:Frederick Barbarossa
829:tribes and ruled by
551:House of Wittelsbach
509:assumed ducal title
54:improve this article
4042:Circles est. 1512:
4017:Circles est. 1500:
3872:(1500–1806) of the
3656:Brandenburg-Ansbach
3500:Ostrogothic kingdom
3377:William V the Pious
3315:(Munich: 1460–1463)
3307:(Munich: 1438–1460)
3050:Louis II the Strict
3029:(Regent: 1183–1191)
2829:(Margrave: 895–907)
2821:(Margrave: 890–895)
2786:Louis II the German
2319:Munich 2006. p. 41.
2243:, pp. 14, 257.
2231:, pp. 378–379.
2120:Counter-Reformation
2084:Hungary and Bohemia
1900:Margrave Ottokar IV
1866:. The Hohenstaufen
1727:Henry IV of Bavaria
1695:Margrave of Verona.
1683:Henry II of Bavaria
1585:Luitpolding dynasty
1577:Battle of Pressburg
1514:Battle of Pressburg
1495:Arnulf of Carinthia
1304:Carolingian dynasty
1248:Diocese of Salzburg
1216:Diocese of Würzburg
1196:Diocese of Freising
969:), but without its
874:Holy Roman Emperors
756:Bohemian Palatinate
603:Treaty of Pressburg
4404:Barbarian kingdoms
4369:907 establishments
4063:
4059:
3525:Visigothic kingdom
3485:Kingdom of Odoacer
3455:Burgundian kingdom
3445:Alamannian kingdom
3430:Barbarian kingdoms
3344:Albert IV the Wise
3296:Henry XVI the Rich
3167:(Upper: 1361–1363)
3133:(Lower: 1339–1340)
3125:(Lower: 1310–1339)
3117:(Lower: 1310–1334)
3109:(Lower: 1312–1333)
3101:(Upper: 1294–1317)
3085:(Lower: 1290–1312)
3077:(Lower: 1290–1310)
3069:(Lower: 1290–1296)
3061:(Lower: 1253–1290)
3010:Henry XII the Lion
2978:Henry IX the Black
2869:(955–976, 985–995)
2662:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
2279:, pp. 74, 86.
2219:, pp. 47, 80.
2033:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
2021:
2010:
1955:
1919:
1860:diocese of Bamberg
1856:Bishop of Würzburg
1731:King of the Romans
1723:
1703:House of Babenberg
1693:, who also became
1687:Duchy of Carinthia
1635:Battle of Lechfeld
1592:Kingdom of Germany
1569:marchia orientalis
1549:
1499:March of Carinthia
1467:Carolingian Empire
1455:
1438:Younger stem duchy
1308:Dukes of Thuringia
1296:
1208:Dukes of Thuringia
1166:March of Carinthia
1136:basin to northern
1042:History of Bavaria
1022:Imperial immediacy
993:region in today's
935:and most parts of
870:Duchy of Carinthia
855:Kingdom of Germany
843:Carolingian Empire
672:Kingdom of Bavaria
493:Carolingian Empire
313:Kingdom of Germany
272:and vassal of the
69:"Duchy of Bavaria"
18:Duchess of Bavaria
4346:
4345:
4118:Holy Roman Empire
4072:
4071:
4056:Electoral Rhenish
3874:Holy Roman Empire
3829:
3828:
3533:
3532:
3510:Sub-Roman Britain
3480:Kingdom of Altava
3396:
3395:
3336:George I the Rich
3328:Louis IX the Rich
2677:Bavaria-Straubing
2342:978-1-136-77518-5
2303:Henry "The Proud"
2159:electoral dignity
2151:Thirty Years' War
2025:Bavaria-Straubing
1944:Regierungsbezirke
1880:Marcha Orientalis
1864:Duke of Franconia
1739:Counts of Andechs
1620:Liudolf of Swabia
1600:Otto I of Germany
1459:Ordinatio Imperii
1450:, in the time of
1432:marcha orientalis
1252:Theodo of Bavaria
1236:Diocese of Passau
1073:in the west ..."
1069:in the east, the
1057:, the chronicler
965:march (the later
943:river, up to the
909:Thirty Years' War
895:fiefs by Emperor
859:Holy Roman Empire
807:
806:
772:
771:
768:
767:
664:
663:
588:• Raised to
472:as vassal of the
437:• 1597–1623
373:Roman Catholicism
333:
329:Holy Roman Empire
322:
305:
290:
258:Holy Roman Empire
236:Holy Roman Empire
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4421:
4359:Duchy of Bavaria
4336:
4335:
4316:
4295:
4285:
4275:
4254:
4245:
4235:
4225:
4215:
4205:
4195:
4185:
4175:
4159:
4145:
4135:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4076:
4075:
4064:
4060:
4007:Sulzbürg-Pyrbaum
3937:
3868:
3867:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3817:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3751:Schwäbisch Gmünd
3608:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3460:Frankish kingdom
3434:Migration Period
3423:
3416:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3130:John I the Child
3018:Otto the Redhead
2946:Otto of Nordheim
2667:Bavaria-Landshut
2647:Duchy of Bavaria
2636:Dukes of Bavaria
2629:
2622:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2579:
2555:
2531:
2507:
2483:
2479:Einhardi Annales
2469:
2463:
2455:
2436:Nelson, Janet L.
2431:
2410:
2381:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2175:Upper Palatinate
2155:Upper Palatinate
2137:for his brother
2116:Council of Trent
2029:Bavaria-Landshut
1876:Duchy of Austria
1794:of the House of
1754:Otto of Nordheim
1752:the Saxon count
1565:March of Austria
1487:Louis the German
1479:Treaty of Verdun
1475:Louis the German
1188:Christianization
1132:tribes from the
1095:Upper Palatinate
1047:Older stem duchy
999:March of Austria
967:Upper Palatinate
911:in 1623, and to
887:dynasties, Duke
866:Ottonian dynasty
819:Herzogtum Bayern
811:Duchy of Bavaria
764:
763:
750:
749:
736:
735:
722:
721:
708:
707:
694:
693:
680:
679:
668:
667:
655:
654:
641:
640:
634:
633:
618:
617:
504:• Margrave
485:
482:
375:
331:
320:
303:
301:Kings of Bavaria
288:
285:
281:
254:
243:
240:
232:
220:
216:dukes of Bavaria
205:
191:
178:
175:
167:
159:
157:Ducatus Bavariae
153:
145:
143:Herzogtum Bayern
138:Duchy of Bavaria
134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4330:
4322:
4301:
4260:
4160:
4151:
4120:
4111:
4109:
4106:Catholic League
4103:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4041:
4011:
3938:
3929:
3876:
3870:Bavarian Circle
3862:
3860:
3830:
3825:
3795:
3756:Schwäbisch Hall
3609:
3600:
3569:
3564:
3534:
3529:
3515:Suebian kingdom
3495:Lombard kingdom
3465:Frisian kingdom
3436:
3427:
3397:
3392:
2813:(King: 882–887)
2810:Charles the Fat
2805:(King: 880–882)
2797:(King: 876–880)
2789:(King: 817–843)
2681:
2638:
2633:
2603:
2597:
2576:
2560:Schutz, Herbert
2552:
2536:Reuter, Timothy
2528:
2504:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2428:
2407:
2388:
2370:, ed. (1911). "
2355:
2353:
2350:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2310:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2255:, pp. 379.
2251:
2247:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2183:
1991:Treaty of Pavia
1908:
1896:Duchy of Styria
1892:March of Styria
1841:Duchy of Swabia
1826:Duchy of Saxony
1800:Henry the Proud
1762:Saxon Rebellion
1747:Agnes of Poitou
1715:
1627:March of Verona
1553:Louis the Child
1541:
1506:Louis the Child
1463:Louis the Pious
1440:
1405:Pannonian Plain
1328:Lombard Kingdom
1300:Frankish Empire
1284:
1240:Early Christian
1156:vassalised the
1150:Bohemian Forest
1109:in present-day
1079:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1030:Bavarian Circle
1026:Imperial states
1014:County of Tyrol
929:
923:of the Empire.
905:prince-electors
803:
761:
747:
742:County of Tyrol
733:
719:
705:
691:
677:
652:
638:
605:
592:
579:
566:
553:
540:
524:
510:
508:
495:
483:
477:
457:Medieval Europe
438:
425:
424:• 555–591
403:Feudal monarchy
377:
371:
345:
323:
315:(the so-called
306:
291:
286:
276:(the so-called
261:
245:
241:
223:
222:
221:
218:
206:
198:
197:
192:
176:
168:
161:
154:
147:
139:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4414:Former duchies
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4289:
4279:
4268:
4266:
4265:Archbishoprics
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4239:
4229:
4219:
4209:
4199:
4189:
4179:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4102:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3882:Ecclesiastical
3878:
3877:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3591:Franconian War
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3567:Swabian League
3563:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3520:Vandal kingdom
3517:
3512:
3507:
3505:Rugian kingdom
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2672:Bavaria-Munich
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2556:
2550:
2532:
2526:
2508:
2502:
2484:
2476:, ed. (1845).
2470:
2450:
2432:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2368:Chisholm, Hugh
2349:
2348:
2341:
2321:
2315:Görich, Knut:
2308:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2207:, pp. 86.
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2082:, the king of
2037:Bavaria-Munich
2008:, 15th century
1907:
1904:
1898:in 1180 under
1886:(Ostarrichi).
1872:Henry the Lion
1822:Duke of Saxony
1729:, was elected
1714:
1711:
1616:Count palatine
1581:Arnulf the Bad
1540:
1537:
1439:
1436:
1290:Bavaria, with
1283:
1280:
1078:
1075:
1048:
1045:
1037:
1034:
997:. The eastern
928:
925:
889:Henry the Lion
805:
804:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
780:
778:
774:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
758:
752:
751:
744:
738:
737:
730:
724:
723:
716:
710:
709:
702:
696:
695:
688:
682:
681:
674:
665:
662:
661:
659:Bavaria-Munich
656:
648:
647:
642:
630:
629:
624:
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
600:
597:
596:
593:
587:
584:
583:
580:
574:
571:
570:
567:
561:
558:
557:
554:
548:
545:
544:
541:
532:
529:
528:
525:
518:
515:
514:
511:
503:
500:
499:
496:
490:
487:
486:
478:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
454:
453:Historical era
450:
449:
446:
445:
439:
436:
433:
432:
426:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
406:
405:
400:
394:
393:
388:
382:
381:
369:
365:
364:
355:
351:
350:
339:
335:
334:
307:Stem duchy of
267:
263:
262:
255:
247:
246:
233:
225:
224:
207:
200:
199:
193:
186:
185:
184:
181:
180:
170:
169:
140:
137:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4426:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4107:
4100:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4067:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4039:(Lower) Saxon
4036:
4032:
4028:
4027:Upper Rhenish
4024:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Niedermünster
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Berchtesgaden
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3822:
3821:
3812:
3810:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3597:
3596:Peasants' War
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Hunnic empire
3473:
3471:
3470:Gepid kingdom
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:Agnes of Loon
3024:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:(c.716–c.719)
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:(c.716–c.719)
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:(c.716–c.719)
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Lower Bavaria
2655:
2653:
2652:Upper Bavaria
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2551:9781317872399
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2527:9781501729409
2523:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2503:9783222123344
2499:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2451:9780520314207
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2427:9780801438905
2423:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2406:9780812232769
2402:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2363:public domain
2352:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2318:
2312:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2267:, p. 61.
2266:
2261:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:Lower Bavaria
2168:
2167:Upper Bavaria
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2124:Protestantism
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:primogeniture
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1858:acquired the
1857:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1832:half-brother
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:House of Este
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1713:House of Welf
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:Lower Austria
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:Eastern March
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:Castra Regina
1175:
1172:, the former
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:to the Upper
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:Lower Austria
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:House of Welf
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
851:East Frankish
848:
844:
840:
836:
834:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
779:
777:Today part of
775:
759:
757:
754:
753:
745:
743:
740:
739:
731:
729:
726:
725:
717:
715:
712:
711:
703:
701:
698:
697:
689:
687:
684:
683:
675:
673:
670:
669:
666:
660:
657:
650:
649:
646:
643:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:
598:
594:
591:
585:
581:
578:
577:Reunification
572:
568:
565:
562:• First
559:
555:
552:
546:
542:
539:
536:
530:
526:
522:
516:
512:
507:
501:
497:
494:
488:
479:
475:
471:
465:
461:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
434:
430:
427:
421:
417:
413:
411:
407:
404:
401:
399:
395:
392:
389:
387:
383:
380:
374:
370:
366:
363:
359:
356:
352:
348:
343:
340:
336:
330:
326:
318:
314:
310:
302:
298:
294:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
259:
253:
248:
237:
231:
226:
217:
213:
210:
204:
196:
190:
182:
171:
165:
158:
151:
144:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4317:
4018:
3977:Leuchtenberg
3972:Hohenwaldeck
3951:
3819:
3635:
3586:Knights' War
3387:
3385:Maximilian I
3379:
3371:
3363:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2646:
2585:
2564:
2540:
2516:
2512:Pohl, Walter
2492:
2488:Pohl, Walter
2478:
2440:
2416:
2395:
2375:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2147:
2143:Maximilian I
2128:
2065:
2022:
2018:Wittelsbachs
2005:
1956:
1943:
1936:
1923:Wittelsbachs
1920:
1906:Wittelsbachs
1888:
1879:
1848:
1838:
1785:
1778:
1774:Welf dynasty
1724:
1706:
1667:cadet branch
1624:
1589:
1568:
1557:stem duchies
1550:
1518:
1503:
1483:East Francia
1458:
1457:In his 817,
1456:
1423:
1416:Vienna Woods
1409:
1401:Vienna Woods
1397:river Danube
1386:
1371:
1355:river Danube
1344:
1297:
1294:, around 788
1282:Carolingians
1268:metropolitan
1256:Pope Leo III
1214:founded the
1200:Saint Kilian
1198:before 724;
1185:
1176:
1127:
1103:Brenner Pass
1097:) up to the
1080:
1052:
1050:
1011:
952:
930:
885:Hohenstaufen
863:
847:stem duchies
832:
810:
808:
645:East Francia
627:Succeeded by
626:
621:
474:Merovingians
442:Maximilian I
344:(until 1255)
319:stem duchy)
316:
309:East Francia
297:Carolingians
280:stem duchy)
277:
274:Merovingians
219:(until 1623)
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4052:Upper Saxon
3925:St. Emmeram
3905:Obermünster
3791:Württemberg
3736:Pfullendorf
3661:Dinkelsbühl
3581:Swabian War
3388:(1597–1623)
3380:(1579–1597)
3372:(1550–1579)
3364:(1516–1545)
3240:William III
3176:(1347–1365)
3045:(1231–1253)
3037:(1183–1231)
3021:(1180–1183)
3013:(1156–1180)
3005:(1143–1156)
2997:(1139–1141)
2989:(1126–1138)
2981:(1120–1126)
2973:(1101–1120)
2965:(1077–1096)
2949:(1061–1070)
2941:(1054–1055)
2925:(1049–1053)
2917:(1042–1047)
2909:(1026–1042)
2778:Tassilo III
2717:(c.680–716)
2706:Garibald II
2289:Bowlus 1995
2277:Bowlus 1995
2265:Schutz 2004
2241:Nelson 2019
2217:Bowlus 1995
2205:Bowlus 1995
2100:Catholicism
2080:Ferdinand I
2041:Albrecht IV
1963:Brandenburg
1796:Supplinburg
1792:Lothair III
1647:Ostsiedlung
1485:under King
1452:Charlemagne
1389:Charlemagne
1374:Charlemagne
1332:Charlemagne
1320:Tassilo III
1160:princes of
1123:Merovingian
1119:Agilolfings
1111:South Tyrol
1083:Agilolfings
1077:Agilolfings
979:East Alpine
907:during the
823:Merovingian
622:Preceded by
379:Lutheranism
349:(from 1505)
293:Direct rule
242: 1000
209:Wittelsbach
110:August 2014
4353:Categories
4165:Bishoprics
4048:Burgundian
4035:Franconian
3997:Störnstein
3992:Regensburg
3957:Breitenegg
3915:Regensburg
3766:Überlingen
3746:Reutlingen
3741:Ravensburg
3731:Palatinate
3726:Nördlingen
3696:Kaufbeuren
3666:Donauwörth
3304:Albert III
3224:Jacqueline
3216:William II
3181:Stephen II
3164:Meinhard I
3058:Henry XIII
2962:Henry VIII
2930:Henry VIII
2738:Tassilo II
2690:Garibald I
2596:0472061860
2575:9004131493
2482:. Hanover.
2444:. London.
2193:References
2173:, and the
2068:William IV
2061:Rattenberg
1811:Conrad III
1707:Ostarrichi
1448:Avar March
1412:river Enns
1393:river Enns
1378:Regensburg
1359:river Ybbs
1351:river Enns
1302:under the
1292:Carantania
1272:Regensburg
1204:Franconian
1170:Regensburg
1162:Carantania
1115:Garibald I
1089:along the
1040:See also:
975:Franconian
939:along the
590:Electorate
549:• To
523:split off
484: 555
470:Garibald I
429:Garibald I
398:Government
386:Demonym(s)
376:(official)
342:Regensburg
332:(from 962)
295:under the
287: 555
270:Stem duchy
177: 555
80:newspapers
4227:Straßburg
4197:Eichstätt
4187:Constance
4137:Ellwangen
3987:Ortenburg
3962:Ehrenfels
3721:Memmingen
3706:Leutkirch
3681:Heilbronn
3671:Esslingen
3651:Bopfingen
3320:Sigismund
3208:Albert II
3190:William I
3122:Henry XIV
3098:Rudolph I
3074:Stephen I
3066:Louis III
2994:Leopold I
2938:Conrad II
2914:Henry VII
2885:(983–985)
2877:(976–982)
2861:(947–955)
2853:(938–947)
2845:(937–938)
2837:(907–937)
2781:(748–788)
2765:(736–748)
2757:(725–736)
2749:(715–725)
2722:Theodbert
2709:(610–625)
2701:(591–610)
2698:Tassilo I
2693:(555–591)
2538:(2013) .
2460:cite book
2253:Pohl 2018
2229:Pohl 2018
2131:William V
2088:Charles V
2057:Kitzbühel
1979:Friesland
1845:Franconia
1836:in 1139.
1830:Babenberg
1808:anti-king
1750:enfeoffed
1699:Theophanu
1691:Henry III
1612:Henry III
1561:Hungarian
1525:Carinthia
1510:Hungarian
1471:Lothair I
1270:seat and
1220:Alamannic
1192:Corbinian
1190:, Bishop
1179:, on the
1134:Pannonian
1020:, gained
991:Carniolan
983:Carinthia
954:Altbayern
945:Hungarian
927:Geography
921:Reichstag
564:partition
538:split off
521:Carinthia
368:Religion
321:(843–962)
304:(788–843)
4247:Würzburg
4177:Augsburg
4125:Abbacies
4044:Austrian
4019:Bavarian
4002:Sulzbach
3920:Salzburg
3895:Freising
3809:Category
3646:Biberach
3641:Bayreuth
3626:Augsburg
3199:Albert I
3172:Louis VI
3138:Louis IV
3082:Otto III
2922:Conrad I
2906:Henry VI
2890:Henry IV
2850:Berthold
2842:Eberhard
2826:Luitpold
2818:Engeldeo
2794:Carloman
2746:Grimoald
2730:Theobald
2562:(2004).
2514:(2018).
2490:(1995).
2438:(2019).
2181:See also
2157:and the
2112:Albert V
2053:Kufstein
1995:Salzburg
1987:Burgundy
1981:and the
1965:(1323),
1940:Landshut
1804:Gertrude
1758:Henry IV
1741:and the
1675:Imperial
1663:Ottonian
1659:Carniola
1604:Berthold
1596:Eberhard
1533:Conrad I
1521:Luitpold
1491:Carloman
1414:and the
1367:Ybbsfeld
1336:prefects
1324:Lombards
1312:Carloman
1264:Salzburg
1232:Augsburg
1212:Boniface
1210:, where
1125:vassal.
1065:has the
1063:Swabians
1059:Jordanes
995:Slovenia
917:Napoleon
857:and the
839:Frankish
827:Bavarian
799:Slovenia
391:Bavarian
358:Bavarian
311:and the
4318:Bavaria
4306:Duchies
4287:Cologne
4256:Bamberg
4147:Kempten
4023:Swabian
3982:Neuburg
3952:Bavaria
3944:Secular
3820:Commons
3786:Wimpfen
3701:Kempten
3676:Giengen
3636:Bavaria
3614:Members
3574:History
3362:, Duke
3360:Louis X
3312:John IV
3264:John II
3114:Otto VI
3090:Matilda
3034:Louis I
2986:Henry X
2970:Welf II
2898:Henry V
2858:Henry I
2754:Hugbert
2386:Sources
2372:Bavaria
2365::
2104:Jesuits
2072:Louis X
1983:Hainaut
1975:Zeeland
1971:Holland
1884:Austria
1815:Swabian
1788:Henry V
1679:Otto II
1669:of the
1608:Henry I
1382:marches
1230:river,
1224:Swabian
1186:During
1183:river.
1130:Lombard
1067:Bavarii
1036:History
1016:or the
971:Swabian
963:Nordgau
959:Bavaria
937:Austria
849:of the
831:dukes (
789:Austria
784:Germany
601:•
575:•
535:Austria
533:•
519:•
468:•
431:(first)
338:Capital
327:of the
317:younger
260:, 1618.
214:of the
94:scholar
4217:Speyer
4207:Passau
4115:
3910:Passau
3776:Wangen
3711:Lindau
3248:Ernest
3146:Otto V
2954:Welf I
2874:Otto I
2834:Arnulf
2714:Theodo
2593:
2572:
2548:
2524:
2500:
2448:
2424:
2403:
2359:
2339:
2139:Ernest
1786:After
1735:Salian
1655:Istria
1643:Morava
1639:Leitha
1529:Arnulf
1420:Gerold
1363:German
1340:Gerold
1244:Rupert
1181:Danube
1158:Slavic
1146:Czechs
1071:Franks
1054:Getica
987:Styria
949:Leitha
941:Danube
837:under
815:German
506:Arnulf
444:(last)
414:
347:Munich
266:Status
160:
150:German
146:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4297:Trier
4277:Mainz
4237:Worms
3761:Trier
3716:Mainz
3686:Hesse
3631:Baden
3621:Aalen
2773:(748)
2770:Grifo
2762:Odilo
2078:with
1967:Tyrol
1671:Saxon
1428:Latin
1347:Avars
1276:Säben
1262:with
1174:Roman
1154:Odilo
1142:Avars
1138:Italy
1107:Adige
1007:duchy
913:kings
893:Saxon
878:ducal
833:duces
794:Italy
362:Latin
325:State
299:, as
289:–788)
278:older
179:–1805
164:Latin
101:JSTOR
87:books
4249:and
3967:Haag
3781:Weil
3691:Isny
2591:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2522:ISBN
2498:ISBN
2466:link
2446:ISBN
2422:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2076:Linz
2059:and
2047:and
2035:and
1977:and
1946:) .
1839:The
1766:Welf
1657:and
1641:and
1228:Lech
1099:Enns
1091:Naab
985:and
973:and
809:The
608:1805
595:1623
582:1503
569:1255
556:1180
543:1156
410:Duke
212:arms
73:news
3771:Ulm
3201:,
3192:,
3183:,
3174:,
3157:,
3148:,
2374:".
2045:war
1330:by
1266:as
915:by
527:976
513:907
498:788
56:by
4355::
4061:·
4054:,
4050:,
4046:,
4037:,
4033:,
4029:,
4025:,
4021:,
2462:}}
2458:{{
2177:.
2169:,
2145:.
2055:,
2031:,
2027:,
1973:,
1934:.
1653:,
1430::
1365::
861:.
817::
481:c.
360:,
284:c.
239:c.
174:c.
4098:e
4091:t
4084:v
3855:e
3848:t
3841:v
3559:e
3552:t
3545:v
3422:e
3415:t
3408:v
2628:e
2621:t
2614:v
2599:.
2578:.
2554:.
2530:.
2506:.
2468:)
2454:.
2430:.
2409:.
2345:.
1852:,
1567:(
1426:(
1222:(
835:)
813:(
282:(
244:.
166:)
162:(
152:)
148:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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