281:, which she saw as flawed but still the best form of government possible. A constitutional democracy, in Shklar's view, protects people from the abuses of the more powerful by restricting government and by dispersing power among a "multiplicity of politically active groups". Her concern for possible governmental abuse stemmed from her focus on ordinary citizens instead of institutions and elites, since it is the average person who faces the brunt of institutional evil and injustice.
288:" is that "every adult should be able to make as many effective decisions without fear or favor about as many aspects of his or her life as is compatible with the like freedom of every adult." Shklar described rights less as absolute moral liberties and more as licenses which citizens must have in order to protect themselves against abuse.
180:
Shklar joined the
Harvard faculty in 1956, becoming the first woman to receive tenure in Harvard's Government Department in 1971. During her first year in the job, the Department permitted her to stay at home with her first child while writing her first book. When it came time for her tenure
181:
decision, the
Department dithered, so Shklar proposed a half-time appointment with effective tenure and the title of lecturer, partly because she had three children by then. In 1980, she was appointed as John Cowles Professor of Government. Her friend and colleague
168:
at the age of 16, receiving bachelor of arts and master of arts degrees in 1949 and 1950, respectively. She later recalled that the entrance rules to McGill at the time required 750 points for Jews and 600 for everyone else. She took her PhD degree from
374:
In 1985 the
Harvard University chapter of Phi Beta Kappa awarded her its teaching prize, calling her "demanding, rewarding, forthright, fair, and reasonable, a model of intellectual and human qualities rarely combined."
850:
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177:, who, she later recalled, only ever offered her one compliment: "Well, this isn't the usual thesis, but then I did not expect it to be." Eventually she became his successor.
1011:
radio programme episode on Shklar of
January 2021 titled "The Rising Star of Judith Shklar, the skeptical liberal". Includes a link to the audio recording of the programme.
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to argue that injustice and the "sense of injustice" are historically and culturally universal and are critical concepts for modern political and philosophical theory.
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Shklar was deeply interested in injustice and political evils, claiming that "philosophy fails to give injustice its due"; that is, most past philosophers have ignored
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1000:
274:," is founded on the first idea and focuses on how governments are prone to abuse the "inevitable inequalities in power" that result from political organization.
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once remarked, βshe was by far the biggest star of the department.β Hoffmann also called her "the most devastatingly intelligent person I ever knew here."
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During her career, Shklar served in various academic and professional capacities. For example, she was active in the committee that integrated the
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2019:
347:(1983). While serving as the vice president of the APSA, she was also the visiting Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at
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Throughout her life, Judith Shklar was known as "Dita." She and her husband, Gerald Shklar, had three children, David, Michael, and Ruth.
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Several of her essays, including the "classic" "The
Liberalism of Fear," have been collected in two posthumous volumes edited by
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1046:
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A renowned teacher and advisor, many of Shklar's former students and colleagues contributed to a volume of essays,
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351:(1983β1984). In 1984, she received a MacArthur Fellowship for her work. She served as a visiting fellow at
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359:, in 1983 and 1986. Following this, she was the Carlyle Lecturer at Oxford in 1986; Storrs Lecturer,
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416:, 1957) β Analysis of the decline of political philosophy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
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Liberalism without
Illusions: Essays on Liberal Theory and the Political Vision of Judith N. Shklar
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307:. Instead, Shklar's writing avoided justice and virtue and focused on evil, fear, or injustice.
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538:, 2019) β A series of lectures published posthumously by Samantha Ashenden and Andreas Hess.
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Is cruelty worse than hypocrisy? The importance of ranking our vices in liberal democracies
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articulate Shklar's attempts to fill this gap in philosophical thought, drawing heavily on
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515:: "Giving Injustice Its Due," "Misfortune and Injustice," and "The Sense of Injustice."
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595:[Xavier Landes | Remembering Judith Shklar: liberalism as freedom from fear].
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Rethinking
Liberalism for the 21st Century: The Skeptical Radicalism of Judith Shklar
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Judith N. Shklar, "A Life of
Learning," ACLS Occasional Paper, no. 9, 1989, at
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https://nationalinterest.org/feature/how-great-scholar-was-judith-shklar-63732
371:, 1989. Also in 1989, she was elected the first female president of the APSA.
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593:"KsavjΔ Lands | Atceroties DΕΎΕ«ditu Ε klΔru: liberΔlisms kΔ brΔ«vΔ«ba no bailΔm"
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Hannes Bajohr, "Judith N. Shklar (1928β1992): Eine werkbiografische Skizze"
426:, 1964) β A look into political theory and jurisprudence, thereby analyzing
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Restricting
Freedoms: Limitations on the Individual in Contemporary America
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Phenomenology of Mind (Cambridge
University Press, 1976) β A close look at
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and the "liberalism of fear." She discusses the first idea in her essay "
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Freedom and Independence: A Study of the Political Ideas of Hegel's
906:"'The Good Place' Asks, Are You the Worst Thing You've Ever Done?"
284:
Shklar believed that "the original and only defensible meaning of
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who studied the history of political thought, notably that of the
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251:
877:, "'Far from Ideal:' The Gender Politics of Political Science,"
116:(September 24, 1928 β September 17, 1992) was a philosopher and
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https://publications.acls.org/OP/Haskins_1989_JudithNShklar.pdf
304:
153:
124:. She was appointed the John Cowles Professor of Government at
57:
521:(Harvard University Press, 1991) β A look at what constitutes
468:, 1984) β A collection of six essays on the ordinary vices of
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Professor Shklar wrote many influential books and articles on
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Gunther Heilbrunn, "How Great a Scholar Was Judith Shklar?"
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53:
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The Political Theory of Judith N. Shklar: Exile from Exile
393:, serving as an inspiration for a well-ordered society.
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Papers of Judith N. Shklar, Harvard University Archive
270:(1984). Her second main idea, expounded in her essay "
211:. Contributors include her celebrated former students
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in 1955. Her mentor was the famous political theorist
890:"Judith Shklar, Professor And Noted Theorist, Dies,"
646:"Judith Shklar, Professor and Noted Theorist, Dies."
433:
Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau's Social Theory
610:
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Harvard University Department of Philosophy faculty
679:Shklar, Judith N. (1982). "Putting Cruelty First".
341:
American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy
367:, 1989; and Charles Homer Haskins Lecturer of the
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2001:
387:is referenced in the American television series
764:(written in 1989, first major publication 1998)
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2115:Members of the American Philosophical Society
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519:American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion
250:Shklar's thought centered on two main ideas:
498:, 1987) β An introduction to the thought of
410:After Utopia: The Decline of Political Faith
277:Based on these core ideas, Shklar advocated
738:Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials
420:Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials
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2030:American people of Latvian-Jewish descent
466:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
343:(1982) and then as vice president of the
2080:Academics of the University of Cambridge
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556:Political Thought and Political Thinkers
339:in 1990. She served as president of the
831:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
160:parents. Because of persecution during
27:American political theorist (1928β1992)
14:
2002:
1047:American Political Science Association
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345:American Political Science Association
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879:The American Political Science Review
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369:American Council of Learned Societies
333:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
881:100, no. 4 (November 2006): 507β513.
781:"Judith Shklar as Political Thinker"
552:Redeeming American Political Thought
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2065:Jewish American non-fiction writers
2020:American women political scientists
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2025:American women non-fiction writers
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1005:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
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740:(Harvard University Press, 1964,
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1315:Charles Grove Haines (1938β1939)
2035:American political philosophers
1502:C. Herman Pritchett (1963β1964)
1077:Frederick N. Judson (1906β1907)
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1489:Charles S. Hyneman (1961β1962)
1302:Thomas Reed Powell (1936β1937)
1003:, accompanying webpage to the
953:, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2014.
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337:American Philosophical Society
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1:
1896:G. Bingham Powell (2011β2012)
1341:Robert E. Cushman (1942β1943)
1284:Walter J. Shepard (1933β1934)
966:Who's Afraid of Judith Sklar?
904:May, Todd (10 January 2020).
564:
2100:20th-century American people
1439:Charles McKinley (1954β1955)
1375:Henry R. Spencer (1947β1948)
1320:Robert C. Brooks (1939β1940)
1289:Francis W. Coker (1934β1935)
984:A Life of Learning by Shklar
716:"Moral Cruelty and the Left"
335:in 1970 and a member of the
192:into the Harvard community.
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2095:20th-century American women
2085:Latvian emigrants to Canada
1573:Avery Leiserson (1973β1974)
1245:Jesse S. Reeves (1927β1928)
797:10.1177/0090591793021002002
548:University of Chicago Press
405:, including the following:
331:She became a fellow of the
201:University of Chicago Press
10:
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2110:20th-century American Jews
1963:Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier
1917:Rodney E. Hero (2014β2015)
1568:Robert E. Ward (1972β1973)
1468:R. Taylor Cole (1958β1959)
1453:Elmer Eric Schattschneider
960:, London: Routledge, 2018.
873:Sue Tolleson-Rinehart and
779:Hoffmann, Stanley (1993).
511:, 1990) β Three essays on
439:, 1969) β A close look at
437:Cambridge University Press
414:Princeton University Press
190:American Repertory Theater
136:Judith Shklar was born as
2070:Jewish American academics
2040:Harvard University alumni
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456:Phenomenology of the Mind
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2050:McGill University alumni
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279:constitutional democracy
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76:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1563:Heinz Eulau (1971β1972)
1279:Isidor Loeb (1932β1933)
1195:Harry Augustus Garfield
532:On Political Obligation
496:Oxford University Press
303:and talking only about
1833:Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
1495:Carl Joachim Friedrich
1211:Charles Edward Merriam
762:The Liberalism of Fear
505:The Faces of Injustice
313:The Faces of Injustice
295:and talked only about
272:The Liberalism of Fear
175:Carl Joachim Friedrich
145:
1646:Seymour Martin Lipset
1598:James MacGregor Burns
1354:John Gaus (1944β1945)
1272:William F. Willoughby
1062:Frank Johnson Goodnow
827:"Judith Nisse Shklar"
546:and published by the
536:Yale University Press
509:Yale University Press
443:and his social theory
260:Putting Cruelty First
2055:Jewish women writers
1873:Peter J. Katzenstein
1686:Samuel P. Huntington
1424:E. Pendleton Herring
1264:Edward Samuel Corwin
1203:James Wilford Garner
1123:Westel W. Willoughby
1115:Albert Bushnell Hart
930:Vladimir Shlapentokh
855:search.amphilsoc.org
851:"APS Member History"
665:, June 23, 2019, at
349:Cambridge University
299:, likewise ignoring
122:Enlightenment period
2060:Jewish philosophers
1923:Jennifer Hochschild
1865:Dianne Pinderhughes
1638:Charles E. Lindblom
1171:Paul Samuel Reinsch
894:September 18, 1992.
652:September 18, 1992.
114:Judith Nisse Shklar
1474:Carl Brent Swisher
1295:Arthur N. Holcombe
1131:John Bassett Moore
1091:A. Lawrence Lowell
1045:Presidents of the
989:2020-08-02 at the
932:and Eric Beasley,
815:– via JSTOR.
630:2020-08-02 at the
379:In popular culture
365:University of Utah
221:Nancy L. Rosenblum
171:Harvard University
146:JudΔ«te Nise Ε klΔra
126:Harvard University
118:political theorist
101:Harvard University
68:September 17, 1992
50:September 24, 1928
2075:MacArthur Fellows
1997:
1996:
1107:Simeon E. Baldwin
746:978-0-674-52351-7
663:National Interest
403:political science
357:Oxford University
353:All Souls College
327:Awards and honors
166:McGill University
111:
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88:McGill University
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1709:
1622:Leon Epstein
1548:Karl Deutsch
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1508:David Truman
1432:Ralph Bunche
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687:(3): 17β27.
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162:World War II
138:Judita Nisse
137:
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70:(1992-09-17)
2015:1992 deaths
2010:1928 births
1981:(2022β2023)
1979:Lisa Martin
1973:(2021β2022)
1965:(2020β2021)
1957:(2019β2020)
1949:(2018β2019)
1941:(2017β2018)
1933:(2016β2017)
1925:(2015β2016)
1912:(2013β2014)
1904:(2012β2013)
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1760:(1995β1996)
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1704:(1988β1989)
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1688:(1986β1987)
1680:(1985β1986)
1672:(1984β1985)
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1656:(1982β1983)
1648:(1981β1982)
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1632:(1979β1980)
1624:(1978β1979)
1616:(1977β1978)
1614:John Wahlke
1608:(1976β1977)
1606:Samuel Beer
1600:(1975β1976)
1581:(1974β1975)
1558:(1970β1971)
1550:(1969β1970)
1542:(1968β1969)
1534:(1967β1968)
1526:(1966β1967)
1518:(1965β1966)
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1497:(1962β1963)
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1455:(1956β1957)
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1101:(1909β1910)
1093:(1908β1909)
1085:(1907β1908)
1083:James Bryce
1072:(1905β1906)
1070:Albert Shaw
1064:(1903β1905)
554:(1998) and
526:citizenship
500:Montesquieu
492:Montesquieu
486:misanthropy
319:as well as
213:Amy Gutmann
2004:Categories
1702:Lucian Pye
1147:Jesse Macy
1007:53-minute
860:2022-04-19
836:2022-04-19
791:(2): 178.
603:2024-01-07
565:References
321:philosophy
317:literature
286:liberalism
207:edited by
46:1928-09-24
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1400:1950β1975
1222:1925β1950
1054:1903β1925
973:, (2018).
813:144384610
693:0011-5266
597:satori.lv
513:injustice
474:hypocrisy
383:Shklar's
293:injustice
132:Biography
128:in 1980.
84:Education
987:Archived
718:. Tablet
701:20024800
681:Daedalus
628:Archived
523:American
482:betrayal
478:snobbery
441:Rousseau
428:legalism
264:Daedalus
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470:cruelty
297:justice
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154:Latvia
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809:S2CID
801:JSTOR
697:JSTOR
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397:Works
246:Views
156:, to
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742:ISBN
724:2020
689:ISSN
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