606:
restructured general court system. New specialist first instance courts will be established comprising general, criminal, personal status, commercial and labor courts. The Sharia courts will therefore lose their general jurisdiction to hear all cases and the work load of the government's administrative tribunals will be transferred to the new courts. Another important change is the establishment of appeal courts for each province. It has been claimed that the reforms will establish a system for codifying Sharia and incorporating the principle of judicial precedent into court practice.
1426:
33:
48:
397:
2494:
2504:
516:
507:. The Board of Grievances was originally created to deal with complaints against the government, but also gained jurisdiction over commercial and some criminal cases, such as bribery and forgery, and acts as a court of appeal for a number of non-Sharia government tribunals. These administrative tribunals, referred to as "committees", deal with specific issues regulated by royal decrees, such as labor and commercial law.
652:
In 2009, the King made a number of significant changes to the judiciary's personnel at the most senior level by bringing in a younger generation. For example, as well as appointing a new
Minister of Justice, a new chairman of the Supreme Judicial Council was appointed. The outgoing chairman was known
568:
generally have degrees in Sharia law from an
Islamic university recognized by the Saudi government with, in many cases, a post-graduate qualification from the Institute of Higher Judiciary in Riyadh. The training received from such Sharia law degrees is entirely religious in character and is based on
576:
The capabilities and reactionary nature of the judges have been criticized. The main complaint reportedly made by Saudis privately is that judges, who have wide discretion in interpreting the Sharia, have no knowledge, and are often contemptuous, of the modern world. Reported examples of judges'
605:
issued royal decrees with the aim of reforming the judiciary and creating a new court system. The reforms have yet to be implemented in full but, once they are, will include the creation of a
Supreme Court, and the transfer of the Board of Grievances' commercial and criminal jurisdictions to a
585:, the conservative religious heartland of Saudi Arabia in the center of the country. Senior judges will only allow like-minded graduates of select religious institutes to join the judiciary and will remove judges that stray away from rigidly conservative judgments.
479:: general courts and summary courts dealing with lesser cases. Cases are adjudicated by single judges, except criminal cases if the potential sentence is death, amputation or stoning when there is a panel of three judges. There are also two courts for the
569:
the Qu'ran and centuries old religious treatises with no reference to, for example, modern commercial issues. Although most judges have been educated and appointed under the current system, some of the older judges received the traditional
558:) is the most senior member of the judicial establishment as well as being the highest religious authority in the country; his opinions are highly influential among the Saudi judiciary. The judiciary proper (that is, the body of
1626:
239:
594:
2428:
1206:
1152:
496:
463:. There are also non-Sharia government tribunals which handle disputes relating to specific royal decrees. Final appeal from both Sharia courts and government tribunals is to the
1303:
504:
2433:
2378:
601:
The Saudi system of justice has been criticized for being slow, arcane, lacking in some of the safeguards of justice and unable to deal with the modern world. In 2007,
1744:
2388:
2418:
1236:
629:, and in September 2011 another 41 al-Qaeda suspects appeared in the court. In the same year, the court held trial sessions of human rights activists, including
581:, telephones that play recorded music, and sending flowers to hospital patients. Saudi judges come from a narrow recruitment pool. By one estimate, 80% are from
2313:
1116:
896:
434:
1886:
1871:
1214:
2459:
1184:
2135:
1341:
1144:
634:
1930:
1759:
360:
356:
2088:
1354:
328:
1295:
2469:
1791:
1551:
1451:
1112:
555:
294:
178:
1274:
2408:
1739:
427:
278:
273:
268:
128:
407:
2538:
2383:
1526:
1007:
837:
812:
762:
737:
704:
163:
1521:
1466:
970:
378:
158:
2533:
1678:
1594:
1461:
219:
170:
2528:
1801:
1584:
1034:
654:
646:
523:
214:
2128:
1898:
1734:
1614:
1536:
1531:
1471:
1334:
1244:
1083:
867:
622:
420:
321:
229:
82:
2034:
1923:
1832:
1446:
475:
The Sharia courts have general jurisdiction over most civil and criminal cases. At present, there are two types of
2042:
1990:
1766:
1698:
1556:
2218:
1816:
1561:
1415:
805:
Sharia
Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present
146:
2464:
1688:
1481:
888:
368:
2543:
2423:
2328:
2121:
1913:
1859:
1754:
1703:
1683:
1599:
1571:
1327:
671:
666:
307:
224:
191:
95:
1953:
1893:
1729:
1636:
1604:
1410:
383:
234:
653:
to oppose the codification of Sharia. The king also appointed a new head of the Board of
Grievances and
1978:
1849:
1771:
1176:
649:. The court convicted 16 of the human rights activists to sentences of 5–30 years on 22 November 2011.
610:
500:
480:
455:
that interprets and applies the laws of Saudi Arabia. The legal system is based on the
Islamic code of
452:
2298:
1918:
1881:
1876:
1811:
1589:
1579:
1476:
1434:
334:
257:
61:
2268:
2263:
2158:
2150:
2024:
2012:
1995:
1908:
1844:
1693:
1650:
1500:
1486:
630:
626:
602:
23:
2363:
2278:
2258:
2208:
2178:
2168:
2081:
2019:
1940:
1903:
1806:
1717:
1673:
1456:
1362:
621:
activists. On 26 June 2011, the court started trials of 85 people suspected of being involved in
340:
302:
2474:
2353:
2348:
2228:
2052:
1958:
1749:
1425:
88:
1024:
729:
722:
2368:
2323:
2303:
2293:
2193:
2097:
2007:
2000:
1985:
1973:
1963:
1864:
1854:
1668:
1299:
1148:
1120:
960:
642:
931:"Tentative steps in Saudi Arabia: The king of Saudi Arabia shows some reformist credentials"
2393:
2308:
2288:
2173:
2163:
2057:
1609:
1541:
464:
78:
597:
King
Abdullah has ordered a number of reforms of the judiciary, since ascending the throne
8:
2448:
2438:
2373:
2338:
2273:
2253:
2243:
2203:
2188:
2183:
2102:
401:
151:
109:
101:
1266:
2479:
2398:
2358:
2333:
2248:
2223:
2213:
2198:
1786:
1658:
1516:
1395:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1180:
892:
582:
123:
2503:
2318:
2283:
2238:
2233:
1948:
1390:
1385:
1030:
1003:
966:
863:
833:
808:
758:
733:
700:
459:, with its judges and lawyers forming part of the country's religious leadership or
1663:
1405:
1113:"Specialized criminal court begins hearings against 85 people accused of terrorism"
638:
519:
495:
There are also non-Sharia courts covering specialized areas of law, including the
1400:
484:
1631:
1210:
637:(ACPRA) and Mubarak Zu'air, a lawyer for long-term prisoners, and a protester,
373:
346:
2522:
2497:
1061:
934:
70:
32:
1237:"Imprisoned Father of Autistic Boy Called "the Bravest Man in Saudi Arabia""
467:
and all courts and tribunals follow Sharia rules of evidence and procedure.
1350:
618:
593:
2507:
1781:
930:
830:
Transnational Shia politics: religious and political networks in the Gulf
487:
sit in Mecca and Riyadh and review decisions for compliance with Sharia.
476:
52:
47:
1319:
1145:"Saudi Arabia: Lengthy sentences for reformists a worrying development"
1057:
2113:
578:
614:
577:
attitudes include rulings banning such things as the children's game
573:
training of years of instruction by a religious mentor in a mosque.
1546:
515:
530:
The judicial establishment, in the broadest sense, is composed of
2062:
1796:
1207:"Saudi Court Tries Militants for Planning Attacks on U.S. Troops"
962:
The Saudi
Arabian Economy: Policies, Achievements, and Challenges
240:
Committee for the
Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
1968:
1296:"Saudi Arabia: Trial of Riyadh protester 'utterly unwarranted'"
550:
548:, who issue generalized but highly influential legal opinions (
456:
204:
115:
2047:
544:
538:
460:
199:
1776:
1139:
1137:
536:, who give binding judgements in specific court cases, and
532:
1270:
1240:
1134:
883:
881:
879:
857:
1107:
1105:
1288:
1000:
Islamic law and legal system: studies of Saudi Arabia
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
876:
657:
as the first chief justice of the new
Supreme Court.
954:
952:
1102:
910:
755:Legal Aspects of Doing Business in the Middle East
752:
721:
958:
949:
860:Shari'a Law in Commercial and Banking Arbitration
2520:
1267:"Saudi Arabia: Calls for political reform muted"
1264:
1198:
1058:"Saudi Arabian justice: Cruel, or just unusual?"
1022:
802:
694:
1117:Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, DC
1050:
1171:
1169:
1084:"Support for shake-up of Saudi justice system"
997:
827:
719:
2129:
1335:
428:
1258:
1234:
1228:
635:Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association
1745:Council of Economic and Development Affairs
1166:
483:dealing with family and religious matters.
2136:
2122:
1342:
1328:
1204:
746:
690:
688:
686:
435:
421:
1349:
889:"Saudi Arabia: Renewed Protests Defy Ban"
588:
993:
991:
989:
853:
851:
849:
592:
514:
2143:
798:
796:
794:
683:
613:was created. The court tries suspected
490:
345:Minister of State for Foreign Affairs:
2521:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
2117:
1323:
1026:Crime and Punishment Around the World
986:
846:
481:Shia minority in the Eastern Province
339:Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs:
771:
562:) is composed of about 700 judges.
171:Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh
13:
16:Saudi system of Islamic law courts
14:
2555:
1532:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
1177:"World Report 2012: Saudi Arabia"
858:Abdulrahman Yahya Baamir (2010).
724:Saudi Arabia and its royal family
623:Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
83:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
2502:
2493:
2492:
1424:
470:
395:
46:
31:
1699:General Intelligence Presidency
1306:from the original on 2012-02-23
1277:from the original on 2011-06-10
1265:Michael Buchanan (2011-05-24).
1187:from the original on 2012-01-26
1155:from the original on 2012-03-02
1076:
1016:
899:from the original on 2012-02-09
554:). The Grand Mufti (currently,
53:Member State of the Arab League
2460:British Indian Ocean Territory
821:
713:
1:
1689:Chairman of the General Staff
677:
333:Minister of Foreign Affairs:
2539:Islamic courts and tribunals
672:Human rights in Saudi Arabia
667:Legal system of Saudi Arabia
520:Walid bin Mohammed Al Samani
7:
1931:Water supply and sanitation
1760:History of the oil industry
1627:Mutaween (religious police)
1235:Dana Kennedy (2011-04-08).
753:Christian Campbell (2007).
660:
503:, created in 2008, and the
329:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
2560:
2534:Government of Saudi Arabia
959:Mohamed A. Ramady (2010).
611:Specialized Criminal Court
501:Specialized Criminal Court
453:government of Saudi Arabia
2529:Judiciary of Saudi Arabia
2488:
2447:
2407:
2149:
2075:
2033:
1939:
1840:
1831:
1725:
1716:
1649:
1570:
1552:National Security Council
1512:
1508:
1499:
1442:
1433:
1422:
1361:
1205:Glen Carey (2011-09-19).
1023:Graeme R. Newman (2010).
803:Jan Michiel Otto (2010).
695:John L. Esposito (1998).
542:and other members of the
510:
449:judiciary of Saudi Arabia
335:Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud
179:National Security Council
2209:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1797:Tadawul (stock exchange)
1792:Supreme Economic Council
1740:Capital Market Authority
1694:General Staff Presidency
1547:Mabahith (secret police)
631:Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi
627:Riyadh compound bombings
556:Abdul-Aziz Al ash-Sheikh
477:courts of first instance
295:Administrative divisions
24:Politics of Saudi Arabia
2470:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1679:Strategic Missile Force
998:Frank E. Vogel (1999).
828:Laurence Louėr (2008).
720:William Powell (1982).
402:Saudi Arabia portal
341:Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah
1119:. 2011. Archived from
598:
589:Reform and development
527:
357:Diplomatic missions of
1527:Consultative Assembly
1300:Amnesty International
1149:Amnesty International
643:BBC Arabic Television
596:
518:
164:Consultative Assembly
2384:United Arab Emirates
832:. pp. 248–249.
757:. pp. 268–269.
655:Abdulrahman Al Kelya
633:, co-founder of the
491:Non-Sharia tribunals
465:King of Saudi Arabia
159:Council of Ministers
2544:Law of Saudi Arabia
2411:limited recognition
2144:Judiciaries of Asia
1787:Saudi Central Bank
1595:Freedom of religion
1376:Early Islamic State
1088:The Financial Times
497:Board of Grievances
451:is a branch of the
220:Freedom of religion
152:Mohammed bin Salman
110:Deputy crown prince
102:Mohammed bin Salman
1802:Telecommunications
1585:Capital punishment
1517:Allegiance Council
1396:Emirate of Diriyah
1381:Rashidun Caliphate
1371:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1181:Human Rights Watch
937:. 17 February 2009
893:Human Rights Watch
697:Islam and politics
599:
583:Al-Qassim province
528:
215:Capital punishment
124:Allegiance Council
2516:
2515:
2453:other territories
2111:
2110:
2071:
2070:
1899:Human trafficking
1827:
1826:
1712:
1711:
1645:
1644:
1537:Foreign relations
1495:
1494:
1391:Abbasid Caliphate
1386:Umayyad Caliphate
1009:978-90-04-11062-5
839:978-0-231-70040-5
814:978-90-8728-057-4
764:978-1-4303-1914-6
739:978-0-8184-0326-2
706:978-0-8156-2774-6
647:protest in Riyadh
445:
444:
379:Visa requirements
322:Foreign relations
2551:
2506:
2496:
2495:
2465:Christmas Island
2151:Sovereign states
2138:
2131:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2091:
2084:
1924:response to ISIL
1838:
1837:
1782:Riyal (currency)
1723:
1722:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1452:Cities and towns
1440:
1439:
1428:
1406:Kingdom of Hejaz
1344:
1337:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1243:. Archived from
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1090:. 4 October 2007
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1020:
1014:
1013:
995:
984:
983:
981:
979:
972:978-1-4419-59874
956:
947:
946:
944:
942:
927:
908:
907:
905:
904:
885:
874:
873:
855:
844:
843:
825:
819:
818:
800:
769:
768:
750:
744:
743:
727:
717:
711:
710:
692:
639:Khaled al-Johani
524:Justice Minister
485:Appellate courts
437:
430:
423:
400:
399:
398:
51:
50:
35:
19:
18:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2484:
2452:
2443:
2424:Northern Cyprus
2410:
2403:
2145:
2142:
2112:
2107:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2067:
2029:
1991:Public holidays
1935:
1823:
1767:Foreign workers
1708:
1641:
1566:
1557:Nuclear program
1491:
1429:
1420:
1401:Emirate of Nejd
1357:
1348:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1126:
1124:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1029:. p. 357.
1021:
1017:
1010:
996:
987:
977:
975:
973:
957:
950:
940:
938:
929:
928:
911:
902:
900:
887:
886:
877:
870:
856:
847:
840:
826:
822:
815:
801:
772:
765:
751:
747:
740:
718:
714:
707:
693:
684:
680:
663:
641:, who spoke to
591:
513:
493:
473:
441:
412:
408:Other countries
396:
394:
389:
388:
369:Nationality law
365:
361:in Saudi Arabia
353:
324:
314:
313:
312:
297:
287:
286:
283:
260:
249:
248:
247:
245:
194:
184:
183:
173:
142:
134:
133:
118:
104:
85:
73:
56:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1872:Discrimination
1869:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1704:Military ranks
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1684:National Guard
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1562:Prime Minister
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1416:Modern history
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1317:
1316:
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1064:. 14 June 2001
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1914:Prostitution
1887:universities
1860:Demographics
1755:Oil reserves
1621:
1600:Human rights
1467:Governorates
1351:Saudi Arabia
1308:. Retrieved
1290:
1279:. Retrieved
1260:
1249:. Retrieved
1245:the original
1230:
1219:. Retrieved
1215:the original
1200:
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1157:. Retrieved
1125:. Retrieved
1121:the original
1092:. Retrieved
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1078:
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1052:
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978:19 September
976:. Retrieved
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901:. Retrieved
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96:Crown Prince
44:
2508:Asia portal
2409:States with
2329:Philippines
2269:South Korea
2264:North Korea
2159:Afghanistan
1954:Visual arts
1894:Health care
1730:Agriculture
1674:Air Defense
1637:Visa policy
1462:Earthquakes
1411:Unification
384:Visa policy
267:Municipal:
235:LGBT rights
169:President:
2523:Categories
2389:Uzbekistan
2364:Tajikistan
2279:Kyrgyzstan
2259:Kazakhstan
2179:Bangladesh
2169:Azerbaijan
1979:television
1850:Censorship
1772:Irrigation
1310:2012-02-24
1281:2011-06-06
1251:2011-06-06
1221:2012-02-24
1191:2012-02-24
1159:2012-02-24
1127:2012-02-24
903:2012-02-24
728:. p.
678:References
615:terrorists
526:since 2015
522:, current
205:The Hadith
141:Government
129:Succession
2475:Hong Kong
2429:Palestine
2354:Sri Lanka
2349:Singapore
2229:Indonesia
1919:Terrorism
1882:libraries
1877:Education
1812:Transport
1735:Companies
1669:Air Force
1622:Judiciary
1590:Elections
1580:Basic Law
1477:Provinces
1472:Mountains
1435:Geography
258:elections
210:Judiciary
200:The Quran
62:Basic Law
2498:Category
2419:Abkhazia
2369:Thailand
2324:Pakistan
2304:Mongolia
2299:Maldives
2294:Malaysia
2194:Cambodia
2098:Category
2025:Heritage
2013:football
1996:Religion
1969:Language
1909:Polygamy
1845:Abortion
1651:Military
1632:Passport
1501:Politics
1487:Wildlife
1355:articles
1304:Archived
1275:Archived
1241:AOL News
1185:Archived
1183:. 2012.
1153:Archived
897:Archived
661:See also
374:Passport
71:Monarchy
2394:Vietnam
2309:Myanmar
2289:Lebanon
2219:Georgia
2174:Bahrain
2164:Armenia
2082:Outline
2035:Symbols
2020:Theatre
1964:Cuisine
1941:Culture
1904:Obesity
1833:Society
1807:Tourism
1718:Economy
1522:Cabinet
1457:Climate
1447:Borders
1363:History
1094:10 July
1068:14 July
579:Pokémon
303:Regions
256:Recent
2439:Taiwan
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2339:Russia
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2254:Jordan
2244:Israel
2204:Cyprus
2189:Brunei
2184:Bhutan
2103:Portal
2053:Emblem
2043:Anthem
1959:Cinema
1750:Energy
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1042:20 May
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969:
941:9 July
866:
836:
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571:qadi's
551:fatwas
539:muftis
511:Judges
499:, the
457:Sharia
116:Vacant
89:Salman
2480:Macau
2399:Yemen
2359:Syria
2334:Qatar
2314:Nepal
2249:Japan
2224:India
2214:Egypt
2199:China
2089:Index
2063:Motto
2048:Dance
2008:Sport
2001:Islam
1986:Music
1974:Media
1865:youth
1855:Crime
1615:Women
1482:Wadis
645:at a
566:Qadis
560:qadis
545:ulama
533:qadis
461:ulama
2319:Oman
2284:Laos
2239:Iraq
2234:Iran
2058:Flag
1817:rail
1777:OPEC
1664:Navy
1659:Army
1610:Rape
1605:LGBT
1542:King
1096:2011
1070:2011
1044:2012
1031:ISBN
1004:ISBN
980:2012
967:ISBN
943:2011
864:ISBN
834:ISBN
809:ISBN
759:ISBN
734:ISBN
701:ISBN
617:and
447:The
279:2015
274:2011
269:2005
81:and
79:King
2451:and
1949:Art
1572:Law
1271:BBC
730:102
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