2304:
25:
563:
520:
541:
460:
497:
479:
568:
567:
564:
544:
523:
526:
525:
521:
548:
547:
543:
542:
569:
527:
549:
463:
122:
462:
566:
524:
546:
465:
570:
507:
528:
500:
550:
503:
502:
498:
484:
480:
504:
482:
175:. This refers to a form of the language in which the number of Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords is deliberately maximised to allow it to function as a secret code. In general, however, the number of such loanwords is small compared with that in other Jewish languages such as
466:
464:
505:
506:
501:
483:
565:
522:
545:
461:
499:
481:
716:
638:
Habib
Borjian, “Judeo-Iranian Languages,” in Lily Kahn and Aaron D. Rubin, eds., A Handbook of Jewish Languages, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 234-295.
807:
776:
730:
699:
668:
2063:
861:
242:. The first records of Jewish communities in this region date to approximately 750 BC. Like most Jewish languages, Judæo-Golpaygani was written using
394:
2345:
404:
374:
201:
366:
2374:
1699:
903:
89:
790:
61:
42:
872:
654:
1078:
68:
2379:
2369:
1053:
759:
2338:
685:
1068:
1063:
75:
1609:
845:
108:
57:
2364:
2331:
1692:
1463:
1123:
896:
46:
1732:
1648:
1737:
1478:
1073:
1058:
1642:
1163:
145:. Judeo-Iranian dialects are generally conservative in comparison with those of their Muslim neighbours.
1685:
1128:
1038:
2135:
1972:
1747:
1032:
1027:
889:
82:
1341:
1309:
214:(Judeo-Bukharic, Judeo-Tajik, the Jewish language of the distinctive Jewish community centered in
2319:
2311:
2200:
1727:
1356:
1204:
1014:
422:
418:
328:
35:
1722:
444:
426:
2281:
1652:
1638:
1185:
1138:
1118:
1111:
1101:
1096:
1088:
920:
717:"Encyclopædia Iranica: Judeo-Persian Communities of Iran x. Judeo-Persian Jargon (Loterāʾi)"
639:
2118:
2058:
1852:
1599:
1550:
1382:
612:
Borjian, Habib (2014). "What is Judeo-Median and how does it differ from Judeo-Persian?".
8:
2274:
1816:
1769:
1589:
1143:
1133:
824:
257:
community in the mid-20th century, Judæo-Golpaygani fell into disuse, being replaced by
2189:
2166:
2156:
1903:
1789:
1524:
1516:
1430:
1376:
1251:
1213:
1179:
1106:
1416:
2181:
2161:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
1987:
1956:
1914:
1845:
1794:
1764:
1708:
1619:
1605:
1571:
1437:
869:
841:
801:
770:
724:
693:
662:
388:
156:
Like most Jewish languages, all the Judeo-Iranian languages contain great numbers of
138:
262:
2210:
2195:
2171:
2106:
2046:
2041:
2026:
2020:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1950:
1858:
1799:
1784:
1579:
1536:
1531:
1520:
1499:
1488:
1444:
1261:
1226:
1189:
1045:
1022:
975:
912:
621:
592:
346:
270:
266:
235:
205:
134:
335:
and environs, as well as elsewhere in central and southern
Isfahan Province, Iran)
2151:
2123:
2113:
2071:
2014:
2009:
1878:
1873:
1821:
1756:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1362:
1280:
1241:
1000:
995:
980:
954:
949:
944:
929:
876:
414:
380:
308:
274:
247:
243:
164:
157:
2315:
2270:
2228:
2215:
1930:
1919:
1868:
1811:
1805:
1779:
1774:
1668:
1399:
1389:
1350:
1285:
990:
985:
434:
338:
332:
180:
142:
625:
2358:
2303:
2176:
2130:
2051:
1941:
1924:
1630:
1546:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1369:
1299:
1272:
1174:
1169:
959:
440:
352:
322:
314:
300:
292:
278:
146:
1423:
587:
2221:
1615:
1409:
1291:
288:
254:
1896:
1542:
2078:
1468:
1317:
1266:
1246:
231:
121:
1677:
24:
2031:
1322:
881:
430:
408:
398:
384:
250:
204:(a secret language combining an Aramaic and Hebrew vocabulary with
160:
1159:
2251:
1883:
1838:
1394:
1327:
1256:
1222:
360:
342:
215:
211:
176:
2036:
1890:
1863:
411:
and elsewhere in far-western
Isfahan Province, in western Iran)
370:
356:
318:
304:
282:
258:
195:
363:, and elsewhere in northern Isfahan Province, in western Iran)
1231:
150:
401:
and elsewhere in northern
Hamadan Province, in western Iran)
2205:
296:
239:
226:, the Judeo-Persian language traditionally spoken by the
227:
167:. Another name used for some Judeo-Iranian dialects is
141:
spoken throughout the formerly extensive realm of the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
253:. Following the decline and consolidation of the
576:Oral history in Lishan Noshan (Jewish Neo-Aramic)
556:Oral history in Lishan Didan (Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
269:, among those speakers remaining in Iran, and by
2356:
806:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
775:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
729:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
698:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
667:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
534:Oral history in Lishan Deni (Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
149:, for example, remains close to the language of
819:
817:
2339:
1693:
897:
171:, sometimes interpreted by folk etymology as
814:
760:"I Think, Therefore I Am - Original Persian"
796:. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
765:. Archived from the original on 2016-07-25.
719:. Archived from the original on 2016-07-29.
688:. Archived from the original on 2016-07-29.
657:. Archived from the original on 2016-07-29.
605:
2346:
2332:
1700:
1686:
904:
890:
163:, and are written using variations of the
746:Comprehensive History of the Jews of Iran
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
490:Oral history in Judeo-Hamedani-Borujerdi
125:Iranian cities with local Jewish dialect
120:
835:
611:
208:conjunctions and grammatical morphemes)
2357:
133:(or dialects) are a number of related
1707:
1681:
885:
222:
2298:
911:
743:
711:
709:
680:
678:
649:
647:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
16:Jewish variants of Iranian languages
2375:Jews and Judaism in Persia and Iran
451:
13:
2280:Languages between parentheses are
870:Article from Jewish Languages site
748:. Translated by George W. Maschke.
14:
2391:
855:
706:
675:
644:
443:(not to be confused with several
2302:
2254:(unknown further classification)
686:"Encyclopædia Iranica: Loterāʾi"
561:
539:
518:
495:
477:
458:
23:
838:Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum
614:The Journal of Jewish Languages
34:needs additional citations for
2284:of the language on their left.
836:Schmidt, Rüdiger, ed. (1989).
783:
752:
737:
632:
513:Oral history in Judeo-Esfahani
1:
1649:Algerian Jewish Sign Language
598:
472:Oral history in Judeo-Shirazi
230:community in the environs of
2380:Indo-European language stubs
2370:Endangered Iranian languages
2318:. You can help Knowledge by
445:Jewish Neo-Aramaic languages
186:
7:
581:
295:(spoken in the environs of
277:by those emigrating to the
10:
2396:
2297:
1039:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
827:Retrieved 17 December 2022
823:Norman “Nourollah” Gabay.
2261:
2244:
2144:
1980:
1971:
1830:
1755:
1746:
1715:
1662:
1629:
1564:
1509:
1454:
1340:
1308:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1152:
1087:
1013:
968:
937:
928:
919:
863:Jewish dialect of Isfahan
626:10.1163/22134638-12340026
58:"Judeo-Iranian languages"
1479:Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi
791:"I Think Therefore I am"
311:, in south-central Iran)
198:(literary Judeo-Persian)
2365:Judeo-Persian languages
2312:Indo-European languages
1610:Portuguese-based Creole
840:. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
825:I Think, Therefore I Am
325:, in southwestern Iran)
191:The languages include:
131:Judeo-Iranian languages
2314:-related article is a
865:, Encyclopedia Iranica
427:Republic of Azerbaijan
425:dialect spoken in the
303:, in central Iran; in
126:
1653:village sign language
1639:Israeli Sign Language
246:, and contained many
124:
2275:historical languages
1129:Judaeo-Tripolitanian
744:Levy, Habib (1999).
43:improve this article
1489:Judeo-Yazdi–Kermani
173:"not of the Torah"
1517:Jewish Koine Greek
1377:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1124:Judaeo-Palestinian
969:Reading traditions
875:2016-07-29 at the
391:, in western Iran)
349:, in western Iran)
127:
2327:
2326:
2292:
2291:
2240:
2239:
1967:
1966:
1709:Iranian languages
1675:
1674:
1669:extinct languages
1606:Judaeo-Papiamento
1560:
1559:
1438:Judaeo-Portuguese
1336:
1335:
1199:
1198:
1009:
1008:
571:
551:
529:
508:
485:
467:
389:Lorestan Province
387:and elsewhere in
345:and elsewhere in
321:and elsewhere in
307:and elsewhere in
299:and elsewhere in
244:Hebrew characters
139:Iranian languages
119:
118:
111:
93:
2387:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2306:
2299:
2136:Zoroastrian Dari
1978:
1977:
1753:
1752:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1586:Judaeo-Malayalam
1500:Judeo-Golpaygani
1445:Judaeo-Aragonese
1363:Judaeo-Livornese
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
935:
934:
926:
925:
913:Jewish languages
906:
899:
892:
883:
882:
851:
828:
821:
812:
811:
805:
797:
795:
787:
781:
780:
774:
766:
764:
756:
750:
749:
741:
735:
734:
728:
720:
713:
704:
703:
697:
689:
682:
673:
672:
666:
658:
651:
642:
636:
630:
629:
609:
593:Jewish languages
573:
572:
553:
552:
531:
530:
510:
509:
487:
486:
469:
468:
452:Language samples
347:Hamadan Province
236:Isfahan Province
224:
223:Judeo-Golpaygani
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2257:
2236:
2140:
1963:
1826:
1742:
1711:
1706:
1676:
1671:
1658:
1625:
1596:Judaeo-Georgian
1556:
1505:
1450:
1417:Judeo-Provençal
1332:
1304:
1195:
1148:
1139:Judaeo-Tunisian
1119:Judaeo-Moroccan
1112:Judaeo-Baghdadi
1102:Judaeo-Egyptian
1097:Judaeo-Algerian
1083:
1074:Lishanid Noshan
1005:
964:
915:
910:
877:Wayback Machine
858:
848:
832:
831:
822:
815:
799:
798:
793:
789:
788:
784:
768:
767:
762:
758:
757:
753:
742:
738:
722:
721:
715:
714:
707:
691:
690:
684:
683:
676:
660:
659:
655:"Judeo-Iranian"
653:
652:
645:
637:
633:
610:
606:
601:
584:
577:
574:
562:
557:
554:
540:
535:
532:
519:
514:
511:
496:
491:
488:
478:
473:
470:
459:
454:
395:Judeo-Nehevandi
381:Judeo-Borujerdi
309:Kerman Province
189:
165:Hebrew alphabet
135:Jewish variants
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2393:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2307:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:Middle Persian
2225:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1733:Middle Iranian
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1635:
1633:
1631:Sign languages
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1547:Judaeo-Marathi
1540:
1528:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1456:Judaeo-Iranian
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1390:Judaeo-Spanish
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1370:Judaeo-Mantuan
1366:
1357:Judaeo-Italian
1354:
1351:Judaeo-Catalan
1346:
1344:
1342:Judaeo-Romance
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1310:Jewish English
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1286:Judeo-Alsatian
1278:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1238:
1236:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1167:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1015:Judaeo-Aramaic
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
972:
970:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
939:
932:
923:
917:
916:
909:
908:
901:
894:
886:
880:
879:
867:
857:
856:External links
854:
853:
852:
846:
830:
829:
813:
782:
751:
736:
705:
674:
643:
631:
620:(2): 117–142.
603:
602:
600:
597:
596:
595:
590:
583:
580:
579:
578:
575:
560:
558:
555:
538:
536:
533:
517:
515:
512:
494:
492:
489:
476:
474:
471:
457:
453:
450:
449:
448:
438:
435:North Caucasus
412:
405:Judeo-Khunsari
402:
392:
378:
364:
350:
339:Judeo-Hamedani
336:
329:Judeo-Isfahani
326:
312:
286:
263:Judæo-Hamedani
255:Persian Jewish
219:
209:
199:
188:
185:
181:Judaeo-Spanish
143:Persian Empire
117:
116:
99:September 2016
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2392:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Caucasian Tat
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:Proto-Iranian
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:Judeo-Kashani
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Judeo-Shirazi
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Judeo-Persian
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1431:Judaeo-French
1428:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1300:Scots-Yiddish
1298:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1273:Klezmer-loshn
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Indo-European
1202:
1191:
1187:
1186:Judaeo-Berber
1184:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1144:Judaeo-Yemeni
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:Judaeo-Syrian
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1089:Judaeo-Arabic
1086:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
936:
933:
931:
927:
924:
922:
918:
914:
907:
902:
900:
895:
893:
888:
887:
884:
878:
874:
871:
868:
866:
864:
860:
859:
849:
847:3-88226-413-6
843:
839:
834:
833:
826:
820:
818:
809:
803:
792:
786:
778:
772:
761:
755:
747:
740:
732:
726:
718:
712:
710:
701:
695:
687:
681:
679:
670:
664:
656:
650:
648:
640:
635:
627:
623:
619:
615:
608:
604:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
559:
537:
516:
493:
475:
456:
455:
446:
442:
441:Judeo-Aramaic
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
410:
406:
403:
400:
396:
393:
390:
386:
382:
379:
376:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
354:
353:Judeo-Kashani
351:
348:
344:
340:
337:
334:
330:
327:
324:
323:Fars Province
320:
316:
315:Judeo-Shirazi
313:
310:
306:
302:
301:Yazd Province
298:
294:
293:Judeo-Kermani
290:
287:
284:
280:
279:United States
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
217:
213:
210:
207:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
192:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:
154:
152:
148:
147:Judeo-Shirazi
144:
140:
136:
132:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2320:expanding it
2309:
2294:
2266:
2227:
2220:
2188:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2019:
1997:
1949:
1940:
1929:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1804:
1664:
1616:Judaeo-Malay
1530:
1498:
1455:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1424:Judeo-Gascon
1422:
1415:
1408:
1383:Judaeo-Roman
1375:
1368:
1361:
1349:
1290:
1271:
1230:
1173:
1164:Ethiosemitic
1107:Judaeo-Iraqi
1069:Lishán Didán
1064:Lishana Deni
1044:
1037:
862:
837:
785:
754:
745:
739:
634:
617:
613:
607:
588:Jews in Iran
421:) (A Jewish-
234:and western
221:
190:
172:
168:
155:
130:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2222:Old Persian
2059:Mazanderani
1853:Khwarezmian
1738:New Iranian
1728:Old Iranian
1643:German Sign
1410:Judeo-Latin
1292:Lachoudisch
921:Afroasiatic
407:(spoken in
397:(spoken in
383:(spoken in
373:variant of
355:(spoken in
341:(spoken in
331:(spoken in
317:(spoken in
289:Judeo-Yazdi
2359:Categories
1897:Sarghulami
1817:Yazghulami
1770:Ishkashimi
1600:Kartvelian
1551:Indo-Aryan
1543:Judeo-Urdu
599:References
69:newspapers
2282:varieties
2269:indicate
2190:Pahlavani
2182:Bakhtiari
2167:Kuhmareyi
2157:Bashkardi
2079:Old Azeri
1790:Sanglechi
1667:indicate
1590:Dravidian
1469:Judeo-Tat
1318:Yeshivish
1267:Udmurtish
1262:Ukrainish
1247:Galitzish
976:Ashkenazi
251:loanwords
232:Gulpaigan
187:Languages
161:loanwords
2211:Hazaragi
2162:Garmsiri
2102:Sangsari
2097:Lasgerdi
2086:Parthian
2064:Tabaroid
2032:Kurmanji
1988:Ashtiani
1957:Yaghnobi
1915:Ossetian
1904:Scythian
1879:Southern
1874:Northern
1846:Bactrian
1795:Sarikoli
1765:Bartangi
1572:Krymchak
1525:Hellenic
1323:Yinglish
1227:dialects
1214:Germanic
1180:Cushitic
1079:Betanure
1046:Galilean
1033:Talmudic
1023:Biblical
1001:Tiberian
996:Yemenite
981:Sephardi
955:Medieval
950:Mishnaic
945:Biblical
873:Archived
802:cite web
771:cite web
725:cite web
694:cite web
663:cite web
582:See also
431:Dagestan
399:Nahavand
385:Borujerd
375:Luterā'i
202:Luterā'i
169:Latorayi
2271:extinct
2267:Italics
2252:Badeshi
2196:Persian
2172:Kumzari
2114:Taleshi
2107:Sorkhei
2092:Semnani
2047:Kordali
2027:Kurdish
2021:Gorgani
1999:Daylami
1993:Balochi
1973:Western
1951:Sogdian
1910:Alanian
1884:Wanetsi
1869:Central
1859:Parachi
1839:Avestan
1800:Shughni
1785:Roshani
1748:Eastern
1716:History
1665:Italics
1620:Malayic
1532:Knaanic
1521:Yevanic
1464:Bukhori
1400:Tetuani
1395:Haketia
1328:Heblish
1281:Western
1257:Poylish
1252:Litvish
1242:Eastern
1223:Yiddish
1059:Hulaulá
1054:Barzani
991:Italian
986:Mizrahi
417:(Judæo-
409:Khansar
371:Kashani
367:Luflā'i
361:Abyaneh
343:Hamadan
333:Isfahan
271:English
267:Persian
216:Bukhara
212:Bukhori
206:Persian
177:Yiddish
83:scholar
2245:Others
2152:Achomi
2124:Tatoid
2072:Median
2042:Xwarin
2037:Sorani
2015:Gorani
2010:Gilaki
1931:Jassic
1891:Ormuri
1864:Pashto
1831:Others
1822:Yidgha
1580:Turkic
1576:Karaim
1565:Others
1537:Slavic
1510:Others
1232:argots
1190:Berber
1153:Others
1028:Targum
960:Modern
930:Hebrew
844:
415:Juhuri
357:Kashan
319:Shiraz
305:Kerman
283:Israel
275:Hebrew
265:, and
259:Dzhidi
248:Hebrew
228:Jewish
196:Dzhidi
158:Hebrew
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2310:This
2216:Tajik
2145:South
1981:North
1920:Digor
1812:Wakhi
1806:Vanji
1780:Munji
1775:Khufi
1757:Pamir
1175:Qwara
1170:Kayla
1160:Geʽez
794:(PDF)
763:(PDF)
151:Hafez
90:JSTOR
76:books
2316:stub
2206:Dari
2177:Luri
2131:Zaza
2119:Tati
2052:Laki
2005:Fars
1942:Saka
1925:Iron
938:Eras
842:ISBN
808:link
777:link
731:link
700:link
669:link
297:Yazd
281:and
273:and
240:Iran
129:The
62:news
2273:or
622:doi
423:Tat
419:Tat
369:(a
179:or
137:of
45:by
2361::
1545:,
1519:,
816:^
804:}}
800:{{
773:}}
769:{{
727:}}
723:{{
708:^
696:}}
692:{{
677:^
665:}}
661:{{
646:^
616:.
447:).
437:).
429:,
359:,
291:=
261:,
238:,
183:.
153:.
2347:e
2340:t
2333:v
2322:.
2277:.
1701:e
1694:t
1687:v
1655:)
1651:(
1645:)
1641:(
1622:)
1618:(
1612:)
1608:(
1602:)
1598:(
1592:)
1588:(
1582:)
1578:(
1574:/
1553:)
1549:(
1539:)
1535:(
1527:)
1523:(
1235:)
1229:/
1225:(
1192:)
1188:(
1182:)
1178:(
1172:/
1166:)
1162:(
905:e
898:t
891:v
850:.
810:)
779:)
733:)
702:)
671:)
641:.
628:.
624::
618:2
433:(
377:)
285:.
218:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
