1083:, which was built on the ruins of Jerusalem, remained a backwater for the duration of its existence. The villages around the city were depopulated, and arable lands in the region were confiscated by the Romans. Having no alternative population to fill the empty villages led the authorities to establish imperial or legionary estates and monasteries on confiscated village lands to benefit the elites and, later, the church. This also initiated a process of romanization that took place during the Late Roman period, with pagan populations penetrating the region and settling alongside Roman veterans. There was only a revival of village settlement on the eastern edges of Jerusalem's hinterland, on the transition between the arable highlands and the
2625:
no one came to retrieve precious legal documents, or bury the dead. Up until this date the Bar Kokhba documents indicate that towns, villages and ports where Jews lived were busy with industry and activity. Afterwards there is an eerie silence, and the archaeological record testifies to little Jewish presence until the
Byzantine era, in En Gedi. This picture coheres with what we have already determined in Part I of this study, that the crucial date for what can only be described as genocide, and the devastation of Jews and Judaism within central Judea, was 135 CE and not, as usually assumed, 70 CE, despite the siege of Jerusalem and the Temple's destruction
523:
2098:"A few of the careful, however, having obtained private records of their own, either by remembering the names or by getting them in some other way from the registers, pride themselves on preserving the memory of their noble extraction. Among these are those already mentioned, called Desposyni, on account of their connection with the family of the Saviour. Coming from Nazara and Cochaba, villages of Judea, into other parts of the world, they drew the aforesaid genealogy from memory and from the book of daily records as faithfully as possible." (
3113:
70:
615:
512:
2546:
populations into the same region, created the conditions for the diffusion of
Christians into that area during the fifth and sixth centuries. This regional population, originally pagan and during the Byzantine period gradually adopting Christianity, was one of the main reasons that the monks chose to settle there. They erected their monasteries near local villages that during this period reached their climax in size and wealth, thus providing fertile ground for the planting of new ideas.
824:
1096:
773:
2624:
These texts, combined with the relics of those who hid in caves along the western side of the Dead Sea, tells us a great deal. What is clear from the evidence of both skeletal remains and artefacts is that the Roman assault on the Jewish population of the Dead Sea was so severe and comprehensive that
561:
that dwell there call it Jordan. However, its breadth is extended from the river Jordan to Joppa. The city
Jerusalem is situated in the very middle; on which account some have, with sagacity enough, called that city the Navel of the country. Nor indeed is Judea destitute of such delights as come from
2545:
The phenomenon was most prominent in Judea, and can be explained by the demographic changes that this region underwent after the second Jewish revolt of 132-135 C.E. The expulsion of Jews from the area of
Jerusalem following the suppression of the revolt, in combination with the penetration of pagan
2732:
Land confiscation in Judaea was part of the suppression of the revolt policy of the Romans and punishment for the rebels. But the very claim that the sikarikon laws were annulled for settlement purposes seems to indicate that Jews continued to reside in Judaea even after the Second Revolt. There is
1035:
When the Romans finally put an end to the uprising, most of the Jews in Judea were killed or displaced, and a sizable number of captives were sold into slavery, leaving the district mostly depopulated. Jews were expelled from the area surrounding
Jerusalem. No village in the district of Judea whose
1827:
The
Babylonians translated the Hebrew name into Aramaic as Yehud Medinata ('the province of Judah') or simply 'Yehud' and made it a new Babylonian province. This was inherited by the Persians. Under the Greeks, Yehud was translated as Judaea and this was taken over by the Romans. After the Jewish
655:
sea level in the east of the region. It also varies in rainfall, starting with about 400–500 millimetres (16–20 in) in the western hills, rising to 600 millimetres (24 in) around western
Jerusalem (in central Judea), falling back to 400 millimetres (16 in) in eastern Jerusalem and
490:
until the
Jordanian rule of the area in 1948. For example, the borders of the two states to be established according to the UN's 1947 partition scheme were officially described using the terms "Judea" and "Samaria" and in its reports to the League of Nations Mandatory Committee, as in 1937, the
804:
in 720 BCE. The
Kingdom of Judah remained nominally independent, but paid tribute to the Assyrian Empire from 715 and throughout the first half of the 7th century BCE, regaining its independence as the Assyrian Empire declined after 640 BCE, but after 609 again fell under the sway of
598:, as presiding over the neighboring people; and besides these there was the region of Gamala, and Gaulonitis, and Batanea, and Trachonitis, which are also parts of the kingdom of Agrippa. This country begins at Mount Libanus, and the fountains of Jordan, and reaches breadthways to
707:
records agriculture and sheep farming being practiced in the area. Animals are still grazed today, with shepherds moving them between the low ground to the hilltops as summer approaches, while the slopes are still layered with centuries-old stone
1026:
was able to form an independent Jewish state that lasted several years and included most of the district of Judea, including the Judean
Mountains, the Judean Desert, and northern Negev desert, but probably not other sections of the country.
602:; and in length is extended from a village called Arpha, as far as Julias. Its inhabitants are a mixture of Jews and Syrians. And thus have I, with all possible brevity, described the country of Judea, and those that lie round about it.
1206:
Most of the people living in the northern portion of Judea in the late 16th century were Muslims; some of them resided in towns that today have significant Christian populations. According to the 1596–1597 Ottoman census,
2749:. However, it should not be claimed that the region of Judaea was completely destroyed. Jews continued to live in areas such as Lod (Lydda), south of the Hebron Mountain, and the coastal regions. In other areas of the
2683:, page 334: "In an effort to wipe out all memory of the bond between the Jews and the land, Hadrian changed the name of the province from Iudaea to Syria-Palestina, a name that became common in non-Jewish literature."
1227:
area only a few years previously. According to Ehrlich, the region's Christian population decreased as a result of a combination of factors including impoverishment, oppression, marginalization, and persecution.
917:, although Jews living there still maintained some form of independence and could judge offenders by their own laws, including capital offences, until c. 28 CE. The province of Judea, during the late
2564:
2159:. This identification is the result of the equivocal nature of Josephus' statement, where he mentions both "Samaria" and "Judea." Samaria was a sub-district of Judea. Others speculate that
1103:
Judea's decline only came to an end in the fifth century CE, when it developed into a monastic center, and Jerusalem became a major Christian pilgrimage and ecclesiastical hub. Under
381:). Under the Hasmoneans, the Herodians, and the Romans, the term was applied to an area larger than Judea of earlier periods. In 132 CE, the Roman province of Judaea was merged with
871:
Judea lost its independence to the Romans in the 1st century BCE, becoming first a tributary kingdom, then a province, of the Roman Empire. The Romans had allied themselves to the
566:
was the supreme, and presided over all the neighboring country, as the head does over the body. As to the other cities that were inferior to it, they presided over their several
408:
since the region was captured and occupied by Israel in 1967. The Israeli government in the 20th century used the term Judea as part of the Israeli administrative district name "
1828:
rebellion of 135 CE, the Romans renamed the area Syria Palaestina or simply Palestine. The area described by these land titles differed to some extent in the different periods.
3306:
2138:'s (1836–1905) identification of this site, who thought that Borceos may have been a place about 18 kilometers to the south of Neapolis (Nablus) because of a name similarity (
1186:
as the usual residence of the governor. Palestina Tertia was also known as Palaestina Salutaris. According to historian H.H. Ben-Sasson, this reorganisation took place under
3079:
2692:
Goodblatt, David (2006). "The political and social history of the Jewish community in the Land of Israel", in William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz (eds.)
1079:
The suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt led to widespread destruction and displacement throughout Judea, and the district saw a decline in population. The Roman colony of
1198:
According to Ellenblum, the Franks tended to settle in the southern half of the region between Jerusalem and Nablus since there was a sizable Christian population there.
1107:
rule, the regional population, composed of pagan populations who had migrated there after Jews were driven out following the Bar Kokhba revolt, gradually converted to
3279:
1065:
553:. This is the northern boundary of Judea. The southern parts of Judea, if they be measured lengthways, are bounded by a village adjoining to the confines of
2457:. Geschichte de jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi.English. Vol. 1. Translated by Miss Taylor. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 157.
3062:
2785:
2241:"Unlikely A Tale of Two Conquests: The Unlikely Numismatic Association Between the Fall of New France (AD 1760) and the Fall of Judaea (AD 70)"
2865:
4343:
2463:
2205:
800:, but modern scholarship generally holds that the united monarchy is ahistorical. Regardless, the Northern Kingdom was conquered by the
2767:
Seligman, J. (2019). "Were There Villages in Jerusalem's Hinterland During the Byzantine Period?" In Peleg- Barkat O. et. al. (eds.),
1901:
1841:
3269:
1232:
took place in Jerusalem and the surrounding area, which most likely pushed Christian villagers in the region to convert to Islam.
3014:
2454:
Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi [A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ]
4338:
2961:
2923:
2753:
that did not have any direct connection with the Second Revolt, no settlement changes can be identified as resulting from it.
2725:
2584:
2349:
1911:
1881:
1851:
3055:
3026:
562:
the sea, since its maritime places extend as far as Ptolemais: it was parted into eleven portions, of which the royal city
400:
until the Jordanian rule of the area in 1948. Most of the region of Judea was incorporated into what the Jordanians called
3264:
3170:
1772:
1718:
797:
767:
2733:
no doubt that this area suffered the severest damage from the suppression of the revolt. Settlements in Judaea, such as
1099:
5th century CE: Byzantine provinces of Palaestina I (Philistia, Judea and Samaria) and Palaestina II (Galilee and Perea)
2283:
2028:
3881:
3112:
3351:
2899:
2680:
2648:
2617:
2307:
1813:
4121:
2781:
1370:
80:
4201:
2476:
3155:
3048:
313:. The name's usage is historic, having been used in antiquity and still into the present day; it originates from
1955:
1930:
1268:
4353:
792:
The early history of Judah is uncertain; the biblical account states that the Kingdom of Judah, along with the
2178:"Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus (37 – after 93 CE): Galilee, Samaria, and Judea in the First Century CE"
4348:
4302:
404:(translated into English as the "West Bank"), though "Yehuda" is the Hebrew term used for the area in modern
2119:
1336:
6 CE the Roman Empire deposed Herod Archelaus and converted his territory into the Roman province of Judea.
1219:
had 63 Muslim families and 23 Christian families. There were 71 Christian families and 9 Muslim families in
907:
3284:
3145:
2841:"Weathered by Miracles: A History of Palestine From Bonaparte and Muhammad Ali to Ben-Gurion and the Mufti"
2741:, had already been destroyed during the course of the revolt, and Jews were expelled from the districts of
2693:
2123:
2387:
1130:) were reorganized into three dioceses of Palaestina, reverting to the name first used by Greek historian
3301:
3150:
1248:
793:
712:. The Jewish Revolt against the Romans ended in the devastation of vast areas of the Judean countryside.
643:. It varies greatly in height, rising to an altitude of 1,020 metres (3,350 ft) in the south at the
350:
2571:, The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 36–37,
2300:
The Bible Unearthed : Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts
2240:
3203:
3087:
2793:
1366:
1297:
1003:
999:
887:
3035:
2802:
499:(translated into English as the "West Bank"). "Yehuda" is the Hebrew term used for the area in modern
3693:
3137:
2452:
550:
1087:. Those settlements grew on marginal lands with vague ownership and unenforced state land dominion.
4312:
4024:
3901:
3291:
3165:
3160:
2154:
1323:
1258:
17:
2869:
2218:
3392:
2840:
2200:
1747:
1041:
914:
866:
522:
464:
378:
330:
31:
805:
imperial rule, this time paying tribute at first to the Egyptians and after 601 BCE to the
4231:
4183:
3984:
3974:
3929:
3911:
3650:
3572:
3180:
3071:
2144:
2135:
1625:
750:
409:
2607:
2275:
2268:
4273:
4161:
4106:
4054:
4014:
3475:
3344:
2769:
Between Sea and Desert: On Kings, Nomads, Cities and Monks. Essays in Honor of Joseph Patrich
2319:
2018:
1871:
1803:
1049:
876:
806:
709:
665:
262:
2177:
570:; Gophna was the second of those cities, and next to that Acrabatta, after them Thamna, and
4240:
4088:
4059:
4029:
3989:
3425:
2099:
1995:
1732:
1360:
1143:
1036:
remains have been excavated so far has not been destroyed during the revolt. Roman emperor
930:
695:
hills and the Judaean Desert east of Jerusalem, which descends in a series of steps to the
691:
Geographers divide Judea into several regions: the Hebron hills, the Jerusalem saddle, the
468:
460:
445:
314:
2103:
8:
4111:
4079:
3949:
3763:
3683:
3605:
2148:
1339:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1114:
The Byzantines redrew the borders of the land of Palestine. The various Roman provinces (
913:
In 6 CE, Judea came under direct Roman rule as the southern part of the province of
839:
801:
487:
397:
60:
4265:
3868:
3407:
4358:
4285:
4141:
4101:
4039:
4004:
3994:
3979:
3397:
3318:
3296:
3274:
3213:
2643:. Vol. 4. The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge. pp. 105–127.
2536:
2528:
2362:
2081:
2073:
1139:
918:
843:
480:
453:
362:
306:
128:
3530:
3011:
2637:
Eshel, Hanan (2006). "4: The Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 – 135". In T. Katz, Steven (ed.).
4211:
4196:
4136:
3969:
3954:
3934:
3854:
3735:
3539:
3495:
3243:
3193:
2967:
2957:
2929:
2919:
2895:
2721:
2676:
2654:
2644:
2613:
2580:
2540:
2520:
2411:
2345:
2303:
2279:
2164:
2085:
2065:
2024:
1907:
1877:
1847:
1809:
1330:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1252:
1155:
1061:
1023:
1019:
718:
marks the geographical boundary between Samaria to its north and Judea to its south.
673:
366:
354:
4307:
3999:
3964:
3758:
3577:
3337:
3102:
3097:
2713:
2572:
2512:
2501:"Rural Monasticism as a Key Element in the Christianization of Byzantine Palestine"
2057:
1727:
1629:
1383:
1303:
1242:
1135:
1115:
1104:
1080:
1045:
1040:, determined to root out Jewish nationalism, changed the name of the province from
903:
891:
886:("Pompey the Great") stayed behind to make the area secure for Rome, including his
828:
516:
441:
429:
386:
374:
342:
186:
2576:
4116:
3959:
3939:
3924:
3896:
3886:
3876:
3836:
3793:
3665:
3640:
3635:
3547:
3465:
3415:
3387:
3377:
3223:
3030:
3023:
3018:
2167:, in northern Samaria, and which village marked the bounds of Judea to its north.
1723:
1395:
Judea, in the generic sense, also incorporates places in Galilee and in Samaria.
1315:
1311:
1280:
1179:
850:
846:
835:
234:
115:
69:
2786:"A Rock-Cut Burial Cave from the Roman Period at Beit Nattif, Judaean Foothills"
2448:
1022:(132–136 CE) broke out. After an initial string of victories, rebel leader
656:
dropping to around 100 millimetres (3.9 in) in the eastern parts, due to a
4333:
4221:
4216:
4191:
4169:
4131:
4126:
4049:
4044:
3846:
3826:
3768:
3740:
3630:
3625:
3615:
3610:
3562:
3557:
3520:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3228:
2989:
2750:
1956:"Mandate for Palestine – Report of the Mandatory to the LoN (31 December 1937)"
1752:
1522:
1352:
1190:(284–305), although other scholars suggest this change occurred later, in 390.
1171:
1163:
1084:
1048:. The province's Jewish population was now mainly concentrated in Galilee, the
954:
950:
899:
818:
669:
661:
632:
599:
541:
433:
358:
345:
is associated. Related nomenclature continued to be used under the rule of the
338:
290:
276:
3515:
2971:
2516:
1780:
614:
4327:
4151:
4146:
4096:
4034:
4019:
4009:
3944:
3919:
3891:
3831:
3821:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3773:
3718:
3708:
3582:
3485:
3470:
3445:
3435:
3420:
3188:
3127:
2933:
2524:
2069:
1805:
The Christian Survivor: How Roman Christianity Defeated Its Early Competitors
1007:
970:
966:
618:
511:
326:
247:
95:
82:
1223:, although the Christians there were recent arrivals who had moved from the
606:
Elsewhere, Josephus wrote that "Arabia is a country that borders on Judea."
459:
Judea was sometimes used as the name for the entire region, including parts
4253:
4206:
3730:
3723:
3713:
3597:
3587:
3500:
3490:
3455:
3382:
3092:
2658:
1979:
1669:
1307:
1108:
1073:
1069:
922:
644:
486:"Judea" was a name used by English speakers for the hilly internal part of
370:
164:
2717:
2695:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4, The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
2569:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
4069:
4064:
3816:
3783:
3778:
3698:
3688:
3620:
3430:
3238:
3040:
1543:
1356:
895:
838:
in 539 BCE. Judea remained under Persian rule until the conquest of
715:
681:
657:
318:
2638:
823:
4248:
3750:
3703:
3645:
3510:
2565:"Political, social, and economic life in the Land of Israel, 66–c. 235"
2532:
2500:
2077:
1900:
Brand, Chad; Mitchell, Eric; Staff, Holman Reference Editorial (2015).
1587:
1187:
731:
567:
334:
2951:
2045:
1095:
1072:, and Judea's northern and southern frontiers, including the southern
4278:
3675:
3313:
3006:
2913:
1742:
1421:
1377:
1319:
1290:
1167:
1131:
942:
938:
880:
872:
854:
700:
677:
648:
625:
563:
437:
413:
346:
302:
761:
452:
733 BCE, is the earliest known record of the name Judah (written in
3552:
3218:
2984:
2734:
2431:
2244:
2061:
1737:
1503:
1224:
1220:
978:
974:
941:, and during the Roman period had eleven administrative districts (
696:
628:
587:
583:
536:
476:
2320:"The Bible and Interpretation – David, King of Judah (Not Israel)"
1166:, the regions east of Galilee, and the western part of the former
1010:
was destroyed, and much of the population was killed or enslaved.
809:, until 586 BCE, when it was finally conquered by Babylonia.
676:
in the middle. Major urban areas in the region include Jerusalem,
3655:
3233:
3198:
1547:
1459:
1440:
1382:
132: Judea was merged with Galilee into the enlarged province of
1208:
1123:
1119:
1037:
982:
934:
734:
591:
382:
3329:
3660:
3505:
3372:
3361:
3248:
3208:
2746:
2742:
2738:
1690:
1648:
1568:
1463:
1333:
is built by Herod the Great, replacing Jerusalem as the capital
1229:
1216:
1127:
962:
926:
894:
had recently died, and a civil war broke out between her sons,
883:
777:
746:
692:
685:
640:
579:
575:
554:
500:
492:
405:
310:
298:
133:
902:. Pompeius restored Hyrcanus but political rule passed to the
503:
since the region was captured and occupied by Israel in 1967.
201:
3567:
3480:
1606:
1484:
1343:
1212:
1183:
1175:
1057:
1053:
946:
772:
742:
738:
727:
704:
703:
structure. In ancient times the hills were forested, and the
639:
Judea is a mountainous region, part of which is considered a
595:
322:
213:
192:
396:
was used by English speakers for the hilly internal part of
2915:
Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
1064:), and smaller Jewish communities continued to live in the
558:
225:
222:
204:
988:
842:
in 332 BCE, eventually falling under the rule of the
651:, and descending to as much as 400 metres (1,300 ft)
210:
189:
958:
621:
571:
412:" for the territory that is generally referred to as the
2292:
1410:
Greek (Josephus, LXX, 3rd century BCE – 1st century CE)
857:
dynasty of kings who ruled in Judea for over a century.
2388:"Palestine - The Hasmonean priest-princes | Britannica"
2143:
875:
and interfered again in 63 BCE, at the end of the
721:
2363:"Cyrus the Great | Biography & Facts | Britannica"
1843:
Jesus, Joshua, Yeshua of Nazareth Revised and Expanded
491:
geographical terms employed were "Samaria and Judea".
1162:. Palaestina Secunda consisted of Galilee, the lower
436:", which originally encompassed the territory of the
30:"Judaea" redirects here. For the Roman province, see
2838:
2219:"Picturesque Palestine I: Jerusalem, Judah, Ephraim"
1873:
The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History
1150:. Palaestina Prima consisted of Judea, Samaria, the
549:
In the limits of Samaria and Judea lies the village
269:
254:
219:
198:
1215:, for instance, were wholly Muslim villages, while
284:
216:
195:
2267:
2020:The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories
1899:
1178:, southern Jordan—once part of Arabia—and most of
1146:(First, Second, and Third Palestine), part of the
812:
2956:. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press. pp. 111–112.
2832:
1002:in a revolt that was unsuccessful. Jerusalem was
925:was also divided into five conclaves: Jerusalem,
762:Israel and Judah, Assyrian and Babylonian periods
726:Judea is central to much of the narrative of the
4325:
2950:Ehrlich, Michael (2022). "Judea and Jerusalem".
2918:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–229.
2698:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 404-430 (406).
2298:Finkelstein, Israel, and Silberman, Neil Asher,
2342:The Bible in History: How Writers Create a Past
2312:
834:The Babylonian Empire fell to the conquests of
827:Hasmonean Kingdom at its greatest extent under
2563:Schwartz, Seth (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.),
1342:, too late to correspond to census related to
483:of the Bible refers to the region as "Jewry".
3345:
3056:
2046:"Studies in Palestinian Geography. II. Judea"
1980:"This Side of the River Jordan; On Language,"
2043:
1975:
1973:
1390:
440:tribe of that name and later of the ancient
239:
146:
46:
2953:The Islamization of the Holy Land, 634-1800
2825:
2823:
2016:
3352:
3338:
3070:
3063:
3049:
2780:
2774:
2609:The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea
2010:
664:. The climate, accordingly, moves between
2868:. Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from
2858:
2259:
1970:
993:
535:The first century Roman-Jewish historian
329:" and whose sons collectively headed the
301:. Traditionally dominated by the city of
3171:Southern Jordan Valley (Bik'at HaYarden)
2820:
2562:
1982:Philologos, September 22, 2010, Forward.
1407:Hebrew (Masoretic, 7th–10th century CE)
1269:Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great
1094:
822:
771:
613:
521:
510:
506:
2949:
2447:
2322:. bibleinterp.arizona.edu. 13 July 2014
1869:
1839:
989:Jewish–Roman wars and Late Roman period
647:, 30 km (19 mi) southwest of
530:
14:
4326:
2911:
2605:
2599:
2150:Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt
1801:
1076:and along the shores of the Dead Sea.
3333:
3044:
2945:
2943:
2763:
2761:
2636:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2265:
1795:
1293:, under the Roman Empire after 63 BCE
860:
2477:"Titus' Siege of Jerusalem – Livius"
2023:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 8.
1990:
1988:
1950:
1948:
1925:
1923:
1895:
1893:
1865:
1863:
1013:
722:Narrative of the biblical patriarchs
4344:Geography of the State of Palestine
3265:Israeli occupation of the West Bank
2707:
2701:
2630:
2498:
1931:"A/RES/181(II) of 29 November 1947"
1903:Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary
1310:of the Roman Empire (37–4 BCE
1090:
798:united monarchy of Israel and Judah
768:History of ancient Israel and Judah
699:. The hills are distinct for their
551:Anuath, which is also named Borceos
240:
238:
147:
47:
24:
2940:
2894:, Harvard University Press, 1976,
2771:. Jerusalem: Tzemach. pp. 167-179.
2758:
2606:Taylor, J. E. (15 November 2012).
2551:
2487:
1870:Spolsky, Bernard (27 March 2014).
1193:
25:
4370:
3359:
3000:
2243:. Ansmagazine.com. Archived from
2163:may have referred to the village
2017:Neil Caplan (19 September 2011).
1985:
1945:
1920:
1890:
1860:
1833:
1773:"Definition of Judaea in English"
1174:. Palaestina Tertia included the
594:; and after them came Jamnia and
385:to form the enlarged province of
297:) is a mountainous region of the
3111:
2640:The Cambridge History of Judaism
1371:Destruction of the Second Temple
1201:
998:In 66 CE, the Jewish population
456:as Yaudaya or KUR.ia-ú-da-a-a).
325:, who was later given the name "
185:
68:
2978:
2905:
2884:
2686:
2665:
2469:
2441:
2425:
2405:
2380:
2355:
2334:
2233:
2211:
2192:
2170:
2128:
2112:
2092:
2037:
1808:. Springer. p. 25 f.n. 4.
1170:with the seat of government at
813:Persian and Hellenistic periods
2892:A History of the Jewish People
2673:A History of the Jewish People
2505:The Harvard Theological Review
2302:, Simon & Schuster, 2002.
1876:. Cambridge University Press.
1765:
1298:Pompey's conquest of Jerusalem
1158:with the governor residing in
333:. Yehudah's progeny among the
13:
1:
2839:Thomas A. Idniopulos (1998).
2577:10.1017/chol9780521772488.003
1802:Crotty, Robert Brian (2017).
1758:
1656:Πάνειον (Καισαρεία Φιλίππεια)
1432:Herusalem (Aelia Capitolina)
672:in the east, with a strip of
479:) as a village in Judea. The
475:1.7.14), described "Nazara" (
449:
161:1,020 m or 3,350 ft
4339:Historical regions in Israel
3285:Israeli Civil Administration
2801:(2): 196–216. Archived from
2675:, Harvard University Press,
1906:. B&H Publishing Group.
1719:Timeline of the name "Judea"
1134:in the mid-5th century BCE:
1030:
888:siege of Jerusalem in 63 BCE
745:said to have been buried at
609:
419:
7:
2712:. BRILL. pp. 483–484.
2612:. Oxford University Press.
2438:Book 14, chapter 5, verse 4
2340:Thompson, Thomas L., 1999,
1712:
1235:
285:
270:
255:
10:
4375:
2912:Ronnie, Ellenblum (2010).
2794:Israel Exploration Journal
2459:Cf. Flavius Josephus, The
1649:Paneas / Caesarea Philippi
1006:. The city was razed, the
864:
816:
765:
756:
29:
4298:
4264:
4239:
4230:
4182:
4160:
4087:
4078:
3910:
3867:
3845:
3792:
3749:
3674:
3596:
3538:
3529:
3406:
3368:
3257:
3179:
3136:
3120:
3109:
3078:
2671:Ben-Sasson, H.H. (1976).
2517:10.1017/S0017816005000854
2344:, Jonathan Cape, London,
2153:. Vol. 1. New York:
1391:Selected towns and cities
1314:, 4 BCE – 6 CE
280:
157:
148:
142:
121:
111:
76:
67:
58:
48:
41:
3012:The subjugation of Judea
2710:The Second Jewish Revolt
1840:Clouser, Gordon (2011).
1563:بيت جبرين (Bayt Jibrin)
1530:Σκυθόπολις (Scythopolis)
432:adaptation of the name "
45:
3393:List of deserts by area
2784:; Klein, Eitan (2011).
2221:. Lifeintheholyland.com
2145:Wilson, Charles William
1748:Judaea (Roman province)
1000:rose against Roman rule
867:Judaea (Roman province)
796:, was a successor to a
526:Old Roman road in Judea
465:Sextus Julius Africanus
461:beyond the river Jordan
331:Twelve Tribes of Israel
321:. Yehudah was a son of
32:Judaea (Roman province)
3975:Gran Desierto de Altar
3072:Judea and Samaria Area
2266:Kuhrt, Amiele (1995).
2136:Charles William Wilson
1451:Hiericho / Herichonte
1367:First Jewish–Roman War
1322:), interchanging with
1302:37 BCE – 132 CE:
1100:
1004:besieged in 70 CE
994:First Jewish–Roman War
831:
789:
786: Kingdom of Judah
751:Tomb of the Patriarchs
636:
604:
527:
519:
410:Judea and Samaria Area
294:
158:Highest elevation
4354:New Testament regions
4274:North American Arctic
4015:North American Arctic
3307:Population statistics
2718:10.1163/9789004314634
2708:Mor, Menahem (2016).
2274:. Routledge. p.
2270:The Ancient Near East
2107:, Book I, Chapter VII
2044:Riggs, J. S. (1894).
1677:Πτολεμαΐς (Ptolemais)
1601:البقيعة (al-Buqei'a)
1517:عَسْقَلَان (Asqalān)
1399:Place Names of Judea
1098:
877:Third Mithridatic War
826:
807:Neo-Babylonian Empire
775:
617:
547:
525:
514:
507:Historical boundaries
497:ad-difa'a al-gharbiya
402:ad-difa'a al-gharbiya
4349:Hebrew Bible regions
1733:History of Palestine
1643:سبسطية (Sabastiyah)
1582:اللجّون (al-Lajjûn)
1579:Caporcotani (Legio)
1361:Crucifixion of Jesus
1241:Around 900–586 BCE:
849:until the revolt of
776:Map of the southern
635:, southwestern Judea
531:Roman-era definition
446:Nimrud Tablet K.3751
305:, it is now part of
27:Region in the Levant
4202:Los Médanos de Coro
3950:Channeled scablands
3573:Ramlat al-Sab'atayn
3292:IDF Central Command
3007:Judea and civil war
2829:Shahin (2005), p. 8
2499:Bar, Doron (2005).
1777:Lexico Dictionaries
1698:Ἀμμαοῦς (Νικορολις)
1637:Σαμάρεια / Σεβαστή
1573:(לגיון) כפר עותנאי
1532:Βαιθσάν (Beithsan)
1400:
1340:Census of Quirinius
1289:established by the
1148:Diocese of the East
840:Alexander the Great
802:Neo-Assyrian Empire
488:Mandatory Palestine
398:Mandatory Palestine
92: /
3995:Jornada del Muerto
3398:Desert exploration
3319:Jerusalem District
3297:Israeli settlement
3121:Regional committee
3029:2015-05-03 at the
3017:2016-11-10 at the
2872:on 11 October 2007
2845:The New York Times
2392:www.britannica.com
2367:www.britannica.com
2142:). See p. 232 in:
2088:– via JSTOR.
2050:The Biblical World
1511:Ἀσκάλων (Askálōn)
1398:
1306:ruling Judea as a
1101:
1066:Beth She'an Valley
919:Hellenistic period
861:Early Roman period
832:
790:
637:
528:
520:
481:King James Version
454:Assyrian cuneiform
4321:
4320:
4294:
4293:
4178:
4177:
3863:
3862:
3540:Arabian Peninsula
3496:Plaine des Sables
3327:
3326:
3194:Beit Aryeh-Ofarim
3138:Regional councils
2963:978-1-64189-222-3
2925:978-0-511-58534-0
2890:H.H. Ben-Sasson,
2808:on 16 August 2014
2727:978-90-04-31463-4
2586:978-0-521-77248-8
2412:Babylonian Talmud
2350:978-0-224-03977-2
2100:Eusebius Pamphili
1913:978-0-8054-9935-3
1883:978-1-107-05544-5
1853:978-1-4620-6121-1
1710:
1709:
1557:(Eleutheropolis)
1331:Caesarea Maritima
1324:direct Roman rule
1287:Hasmonean kingdom
1253:Babylonian Empire
1024:Simeon Bar Kokhba
1020:Bar Kokhba revolt
1014:Bar Kokhba revolt
794:Kingdom of Israel
788:
674:semi-arid climate
578:, and Pella, and
367:Hasmonean Kingdom
266:
251:
172:
171:
96:31.667°N 35.000°E
16:(Redirected from
4366:
4237:
4236:
4085:
4084:
3536:
3535:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3161:Megilot Dead Sea
3115:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3042:
3041:
2994:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2909:
2903:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2790:
2778:
2772:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2745:, Herodion, and
2705:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2560:
2549:
2548:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2461:Wars of the Jews
2458:
2445:
2439:
2429:
2423:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2359:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2316:
2310:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2273:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2209:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2158:
2132:
2126:
2116:
2110:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:. Unispal.un.org
1952:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1933:. Unispal.un.org
1927:
1918:
1917:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1779:. Archived from
1769:
1728:Maccabean Revolt
1670:Acre / Ptolemais
1664:بانياس (Banias)
1435:القدس (al-Quds)
1401:
1397:
1384:Syria Palaestina
1318:, 41–44 CE
1304:Herodian dynasty
1285:141–37 BCE: The
1243:Kingdom of Judah
1142:, and Tertia or
1136:Palaestina Prima
1116:Syria Palaestina
1091:Byzantine period
1081:Aelia Capitolina
1046:Syria Palaestina
904:Herodian dynasty
892:Salome Alexandra
853:resulted in the
829:Salome Alexandra
785:
781:
668:in the west and
495:called the area
451:
442:Kingdom of Judah
387:Syria Palaestina
375:Herodian Kingdom
343:Kingdom of Judah
341:, with whom the
288:
282:
273:
261:
258:
246:
244:
243:
242:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
153:
152:
150:
107:
106:
104:
103:
102:
97:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
72:
53:
52:
50:
39:
38:
21:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4290:
4260:
4226:
4174:
4156:
4117:Nullarbor Plain
4074:
3985:Great Salt Lake
3930:Baja California
3906:
3877:Bardenas Reales
3859:
3841:
3794:Iranian Plateau
3788:
3745:
3670:
3651:Saryesik-Atyrau
3592:
3525:
3461:Farafra (White)
3402:
3388:List of deserts
3378:Desertification
3364:
3358:
3328:
3323:
3253:
3175:
3132:
3116:
3107:
3074:
3069:
3031:Wayback Machine
3019:Wayback Machine
3003:
2998:
2997:
2983:
2979:
2964:
2948:
2941:
2926:
2910:
2906:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2788:
2779:
2775:
2766:
2759:
2728:
2706:
2702:
2691:
2687:
2670:
2666:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2620:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2561:
2552:
2497:
2488:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2446:
2442:
2430:
2426:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2133:
2129:
2118:For example at
2117:
2113:
2097:
2093:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1783:on 20 July 2021
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1724:Seleucid Empire
1715:
1706:عمواس ('Imwas)
1699:
1678:
1657:
1634:שומרון / סבסטי
1556:
1538:بيسان (Beisan)
1531:
1498:يَافَا (Yaffa)
1479:نابلس (Nablus)
1472:
1393:
1316:Herod Archelaus
1312:Herod the Great
1281:Seleucid Empire
1275:Ptolemaic Egypt
1238:
1204:
1196:
1194:Crusader period
1093:
1052:(especially in
1033:
1018:In 132 CE, the
1016:
996:
991:
906:, who ruled as
869:
863:
851:Judas Maccabeus
847:Seleucid Empire
836:Cyrus the Great
821:
815:
787:
783:
770:
764:
759:
724:
612:
533:
509:
428:is a Greek and
422:
379:Judaea province
209:
188:
184:
168:
138:
116:Southern Levant
100:
98:
94:
91:
86:
83:
81:
79:
78:
63:
54:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4372:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4286:Russian Arctic
4283:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4245:
4243:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4107:Great Victoria
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4055:Tule (Arizona)
4052:
4050:Tonopah Desert
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4025:Painted Desert
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3847:Southeast Asia
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3626:Dasht-e Naomid
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3334:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3244:Ma'ale Efrayim
3241:
3236:
3231:
3229:Karnei Shomron
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3181:Local councils
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Mateh Binyamin
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3024:Judaea 6–66 CE
3021:
3009:
3002:
3001:External links
2999:
2996:
2995:
2990:The Jewish War
2977:
2962:
2939:
2924:
2904:
2883:
2866:"Roman Arabia"
2857:
2831:
2819:
2773:
2757:
2751:Land of Israel
2726:
2700:
2685:
2664:
2649:
2629:
2618:
2598:
2585:
2550:
2486:
2481:www.livius.org
2468:
2440:
2424:
2404:
2379:
2354:
2333:
2311:
2291:
2285:978-0415167628
2284:
2258:
2247:on 7 July 2012
2232:
2210:
2191:
2169:
2127:
2111:
2105:Church History
2091:
2062:10.1086/471491
2036:
2030:978-1405175395
2029:
2009:
1984:
1969:
1944:
1919:
1912:
1889:
1882:
1859:
1852:
1832:
1814:
1794:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1753:State of Judea
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:Cesareapaneas
1659:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1454:أريحا (Ariḥa)
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1374:
1363:
1353:Pontius Pilate
1349:
1348:
1347:
1334:
1327:
1326:(6–41, 44–132)
1300:
1294:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1263:Persian Empire
1259:Yehud Medinata
1255:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1164:Jezreel Valley
1092:
1089:
1085:Judaean Desert
1032:
1029:
1015:
1012:
995:
992:
990:
987:
945:): Jerusalem,
900:Aristobulus II
862:
859:
819:Yehud Medinata
817:Main article:
814:
811:
782:
766:Main article:
763:
760:
758:
755:
723:
720:
684:, Jericho and
670:desert climate
662:Judaean Desert
660:: this is the
633:Valley of Elah
611:
608:
542:The Jewish War
532:
529:
508:
505:
473:Church History
421:
418:
359:Yehud province
351:Yehud province
339:Tribe of Judah
170:
169:
162:
159:
155:
154:
144:
140:
139:
137:
136:
131:
125:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
101:31.667; 35.000
74:
73:
65:
64:
59:
56:
55:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4371:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Polar regions
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4184:South America
4181:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:Tule (Nevada)
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3912:North America
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
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3748:
3742:
3739:
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3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Gurbantünggüt
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3578:Rub' al Khali
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
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3537:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Alfei Menashe
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3128:Yesha Council
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3103:Modi'in Illit
3101:
3099:
3098:Ma'ale Adumim
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2908:
2901:
2900:0-674-39731-2
2897:
2893:
2887:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2681:0-674-39731-2
2678:
2674:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2650:9780521772488
2646:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2619:9780199554485
2615:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2308:0-684-86912-8
2305:
2301:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2262:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2180:. Fordham.edu
2179:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1846:. iUniverse.
1845:
1844:
1836:
1829:
1817:
1815:9789811032141
1811:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:عكّا (ʻAkka)
1684:
1681:
1679:Ἀκχώ (Akchó)
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:يبنى (Yibna)
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:Ἐλευθερόπολις
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1279:198–141 BCE:
1278:
1276:
1273:305–198 BCE:
1272:
1270:
1267:332–305 BCE:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:539–332 BCE:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1247:586–539 BCE:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1230:Sufi activity
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1202:Mamluk period
1199:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:coastal plain
1047:
1043:
1039:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1008:Second Temple
1005:
1001:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
882:
878:
874:
868:
858:
856:
852:
848:
845:
841:
837:
830:
825:
820:
810:
808:
803:
799:
795:
780:, c. 830s BCE
779:
774:
769:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
719:
717:
713:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:Mediterranean
663:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
634:
630:
627:
623:
620:
619:Mediterranean
616:
607:
603:
601:
600:Lake Tiberias
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
556:
552:
546:
544:
543:
538:
524:
518:
513:
504:
502:
498:
494:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
278:
274:
272:
264:
259:
257:
249:
236:
230:
182:
178:
174:
166:
160:
156:
145:
141:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
105:
77:Coordinates:
75:
71:
66:
62:
57:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4254:Meyer Desert
4112:Little Sandy
3882:Cabo de Gata
3764:Indus Valley
3684:Badain Jaran
3606:Aral Karakum
3598:Central Asia
3588:Wahiba Sands
3501:Richtersveld
3426:Black Desert
3383:Polar desert
3214:Giv'at Ze'ev
3093:Beitar Illit
3036:Judea photos
2988:
2980:
2952:
2914:
2907:
2891:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:the original
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2844:
2834:
2810:. Retrieved
2803:the original
2798:
2792:
2776:
2768:
2731:
2709:
2703:
2694:
2688:
2672:
2667:
2639:
2632:
2623:
2608:
2601:
2590:, retrieved
2568:
2544:
2511:(1): 49–65.
2508:
2504:
2480:
2471:
2460:
2453:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2416:Avodah Zarah
2415:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2341:
2336:
2326:20 September
2324:. Retrieved
2314:
2299:
2294:
2269:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2213:
2199:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2172:
2160:
2149:
2139:
2130:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2056:(2): 87–93.
2053:
2049:
2039:
2019:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1998:. Britannica
1962:20 September
1960:. Retrieved
1937:20 September
1935:. Retrieved
1902:
1872:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1821:28 September
1819:. Retrieved
1804:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1781:the original
1776:
1767:
1700:(Nicopolis)
1569:Kefar Othnai
1394:
1308:vassal state
1205:
1197:
1113:
1109:Christianity
1102:
1078:
1074:Hebron Hills
1034:
1017:
997:
923:Roman Empire
912:
908:client kings
870:
833:
791:
725:
714:
690:
652:
645:Hebron Hills
638:
605:
548:
540:
534:
517:Judean hills
496:
485:
472:
463:. In 200 CE
458:
425:
423:
401:
393:
391:
268:
253:
180:
176:
175:
173:
165:Mount Hebron
36:
4162:New Zealand
4142:Sturt Stony
4102:Great Sandy
4040:Smoke Creek
4005:Lechuguilla
3990:Great Sandy
3980:Great Basin
3621:Betpak-Dala
3270:Enclave law
3239:Kiryat Arba
3146:Gush Etzion
2782:Zissu, Boaz
2449:Schürer, E.
2436:Antiquities
2251:31 December
2225:31 December
2201:Antiquities
2184:31 December
2155:D. Appleton
2002:31 December
1552:בית גוברין
1544:Beth Gubrin
1473:(Neapolis)
1429:Ιερουσαλήμ
1369:, includes
1359:during the
1357:Roman Judea
1355:prefect of
1329:c. 25 BCE:
1172:Scythopolis
896:Hyrcanus II
879:, when the
844:Hellenistic
730:, with the
716:Mount Hazor
682:Gush Etzion
658:rain shadow
467:, cited by
369:), and the
347:Babylonians
337:formed the
319:Hebrew name
143:Native name
99: /
4328:Categories
4249:Antarctica
4212:Patagonian
4197:La Guajira
4137:Strzelecki
4030:Red Desert
3970:Forty Mile
3955:Chihuahuan
3935:Black Rock
3751:South Asia
3736:Taklamakan
3511:Tanezrouft
3151:Har Hevron
2972:1310046222
2418:8b; ibid,
2204:XIV.I.4. (
2198:Josephus,
1759:References
1658:(Paneion)
1560:Betogabri
1535:Scytopoli
1523:Beit Shean
1188:Diocletian
943:toparchies
921:and early
865:See also:
732:Patriarchs
568:toparchies
424:The name
335:Israelites
4359:West Bank
4279:Greenland
4241:Antarctic
4089:Australia
3965:Escalante
3902:Deliblato
3759:Cholistan
3676:East Asia
3476:Moçâmedes
3314:Seam Zone
2934:958547332
2876:11 August
2850:11 August
2812:16 August
2541:162644246
2525:0017-8160
2420:Sanhedrin
2134:Based on
2120:Luke 23:5
2086:144961794
2070:0190-3578
1743:Kitos War
1703:Nicopoli
1514:Ascalone
1422:Jerusalem
1378:Kitos War
1376:115–117:
1320:Agrippa I
1291:Maccabees
1168:Decapolis
1144:Salutaris
1132:Herodotus
1105:Byzantine
1031:Aftermath
979:Herodeion
951:Akrabatta
939:Sepphoris
881:proconsul
873:Maccabees
855:Hasmonean
710:terracing
701:anticline
678:Bethlehem
649:Jerusalem
626:terebinth
610:Geography
564:Jerusalem
438:Israelite
420:Etymology
414:West Bank
392:The term
307:Palestine
303:Jerusalem
129:Palestine
4308:Category
3960:Colorado
3940:Carcross
3925:Amargosa
3897:Tabernas
3887:Monegros
3837:Registan
3641:Moiynkum
3636:Kyzylkum
3548:Ad-Dahna
3466:Kalahari
3416:Algerian
3258:See also
3224:Immanuel
3219:Har Adar
3027:Archived
3015:Archived
2985:Josephus
2902:, p. 351
2735:Herodion
2592:31 March
2451:(1891).
2432:Josephus
2147:(1881).
2124:John 7:1
1996:"Judaea"
1738:Ioudaios
1713:See also
1682:Ptoloma
1640:Sebaste
1614:Ιαμνεία
1527:בית שאן
1476:Neapoli
1471:Νεάπολις
1404:English
1296:63 BCE:
1236:Timeline
1221:Ramallah
1160:Caesarea
1062:Caesarea
975:Ein Gedi
890:. Queen
697:Dead Sea
629:woodland
588:Herodium
537:Josephus
477:Nazareth
469:Eusebius
448:, dated
377:and the
355:Persians
263:Tiberian
149:יְהוּדָה
112:Location
49:יְהוּדָה
18:Judaeans
4313:Commons
4303:Project
4222:Tatacoa
4217:Sechura
4192:Atacama
4170:Rangipo
4132:Simpson
4127:Pedirka
4122:Painted
4080:Oceania
4045:Sonoran
3892:Oleshky
3769:Katpana
3741:Tengger
3666:Ustyurt
3656:Sarykum
3631:Karakum
3616:Barsuki
3611:Aralkum
3563:Judaean
3558:Arabian
3521:Western
3451:Eastern
3441:Danakil
3362:deserts
3234:Kedumim
3199:Beit El
3166:Shomron
2659:7672733
2533:4125284
2397:26 June
2372:26 June
2161:Borceos
2078:3135423
1787:20 July
1630:Sebaste
1626:Samaria
1617:Iamnia
1592:פקיעין
1588:Peki'in
1548:Maresha
1508:אשקלון
1504:Ascalon
1460:Shechem
1448:Ίεριχω
1441:Jericho
1426:ירושלם
1416:Arabic
1365:66–73:
1351:26–36:
1346:' birth
1209:Birzeit
1182:, with
1152:Paralia
1140:Secunda
1124:Galilee
1120:Samaria
1038:Hadrian
983:Jericho
971:Idumaea
935:Jericho
931:Amathus
757:History
749:in the
735:Abraham
631:in the
592:Jericho
584:Engaddi
545:3.3.5):
539:wrote (
383:Galilee
361:), the
353:), the
315:Yehudah
286:Ioudaía
281:Ἰουδαία
151:
122:Part of
87:35°00′E
84:31°40′N
51:
4266:Arctic
4152:Tirari
4147:Tanami
4097:Gibson
4035:Sevier
4020:Owyhee
4010:Mojave
3945:Carson
3920:Alvord
3869:Europe
3855:La Paz
3832:Polond
3827:Naomid
3774:Kharan
3731:Qaidam
3719:Kubuqi
3709:Kumtag
3661:Taukum
3583:Syrian
3516:Ténéré
3506:Sahara
3486:Nubian
3471:Libyan
3446:Djurab
3436:Chalbi
3421:Bayuda
3408:Africa
3373:Desert
3360:World
3275:Area C
3249:Oranit
3209:Elkana
3080:Cities
2970:
2960:
2932:
2922:
2898:
2747:Aqraba
2743:Gophna
2739:Bethar
2724:
2679:
2657:
2647:
2616:
2583:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2352:p. 207
2348:
2306:
2282:
2165:Burqin
2140:Berkit
2109:,§ 14)
2084:
2076:
2068:
2027:
1910:
1880:
1850:
1812:
1695:אמאוס
1691:Emmaus
1653:פנייס
1607:Jamnia
1495:Ioppe
1492:Ἰόππῃ
1464:Nablus
1445:יריחו
1413:Latin
1217:Taybeh
1156:Peraea
1154:, and
1128:Peraea
1126:, and
1070:Carmel
1068:, the
1060:, and
1042:Judaea
981:, and
963:Emmaus
955:Thamna
947:Gophna
937:, and
927:Gadara
915:Judaea
884:Pompey
784:
778:Levant
747:Hebron
693:Bethel
686:Hebron
641:desert
590:, and
586:, and
582:, and
580:Idumea
576:Emmaus
574:, and
557:; the
555:Arabia
501:Israel
493:Jordan
406:Israel
371:Romans
363:Greeks
327:Israel
311:Israel
299:Levant
295:Iudaea
271:Yəhūḏā
267:
256:Yehuda
252:
248:Modern
235:Hebrew
181:Judaea
163: (
134:Israel
61:Region
4334:Judea
4207:Monte
3822:Margo
3812:Leili
3807:Khash
3802:Kavir
3724:Mu Us
3714:Ordos
3568:Negev
3553:Nefud
3491:Nyiri
3481:Namib
3456:Ferlo
3280:COGAT
3204:Efrat
3088:Ariel
2993:3.3.1
2806:(PDF)
2789:(PDF)
2537:S2CID
2529:JSTOR
2206:14.14
2082:S2CID
2074:JSTOR
1611:יבנה
1595:Βακὰ
1485:Jaffa
1373:in 70
1344:Jesus
1249:Yehud
1225:Kerak
1213:Jifna
1184:Petra
1180:Sinai
1176:Negev
1058:Joppa
1054:Lydda
967:Pella
743:Jacob
739:Isaac
728:Torah
705:Bible
653:below
596:Joppa
572:Lydda
434:Judah
430:Roman
426:Judea
394:Judea
373:(the
365:(the
357:(the
349:(the
323:Jacob
291:Latin
277:Greek
241:יהודה
177:Judea
43:Judea
4070:Yuma
4065:Yuha
4000:Kaʻū
3784:Thar
3779:Thal
3699:Hami
3689:Gobi
3531:Asia
3431:Blue
3302:List
2968:OCLC
2958:ISBN
2930:OCLC
2920:ISBN
2896:ISBN
2878:2007
2852:2007
2814:2014
2737:and
2722:ISBN
2677:ISBN
2655:OCLC
2645:ISBN
2614:ISBN
2594:2023
2581:ISBN
2521:ISSN
2464:3:51
2399:2022
2374:2022
2346:ISBN
2328:2018
2304:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2253:2012
2227:2012
2186:2012
2122:and
2066:ISSN
2025:ISBN
2004:2012
1964:2018
1939:2018
1908:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1823:2020
1810:ISBN
1789:2021
1726:vs.
1674:עכו
1598:xxx
1576:xxx
1489:יפו
1468:שכם
1211:and
898:and
741:and
624:and
559:Jews
515:The
317:, a
309:and
3817:Lut
3704:Lop
3646:Ryn
2714:doi
2573:doi
2513:doi
2422:41a
2276:438
2058:doi
1044:to
959:Lod
622:oak
233:;
179:or
4330::
2987:,
2966:.
2942:^
2928:.
2843:.
2822:^
2799:61
2797:.
2791:.
2760:^
2730:.
2720:.
2653:.
2622:.
2579:,
2567:,
2553:^
2543:.
2535:.
2527:.
2519:.
2509:98
2507:.
2503:.
2489:^
2479:.
2434:,
2414:,
2390:.
2365:.
2278:.
2102:,
2080:.
2072:.
2064:.
2052:.
2048:.
1987:^
1972:^
1947:^
1922:^
1892:^
1862:^
1825:.
1775:.
1628:/
1462:/
1261:,
1251:,
1138:,
1122:,
1118:,
1111:.
1056:,
985:.
977:,
973:,
969:,
965:,
961:,
957:,
953:,
949:,
933:,
929:,
910:.
753:.
737:,
688:.
680:,
450:c.
444:.
416:.
389:.
293::
289:;
283:,
279::
275:;
260:,
245:,
237::
223:eɪ
214:uː
211:dʒ
202:iː
193:uː
190:dʒ
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3339:v
3064:e
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3050:v
2974:.
2936:.
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2575::
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2401:.
2376:.
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2288:.
2255:.
2229:.
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2188:.
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2060::
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2033:.
2006:.
1966:.
1941:.
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229:/
226:ə
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205:ə
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