33:
296:
430:
in Kenya, shot and killed a lioness as she charged him and another warden. George later realized the lioness was just protecting her cubs, which were found nearby in a rocky crevice. Taking them home, Joy and George found it difficult to care for all the cubs' needs. The two largest cubs, named "Big
532:
During her lifetime, she created more than 500 paintings and line drawings. Her work included portraits of the indigenous populations commissioned by the government of Kenya, as well as botanical illustrations for at least seven books on East
African flora. She also did animal paintings, among them
461:
the
Adamsons lost track of the cubs in their new home. After describing a fruitless search, Joy Adamson contemplated a pair of lions: "My heart was with them wherever they were. But it was also with these two lions here in front of us; and as I watched this beautiful pair, I realized how all the
465:
During Elsa's lifetime, Joy and George
Adamson needed each other to educate her, but after she died and her cubs were taken in by the park, their interests went in separate directions, as did their lives. While neither wanted a divorce nor a legal separation, their conflicting interests (George
438:
After some time living together, the
Adamsons decided to set Elsa free rather than send her to a zoo, and spent many months training her to hunt and survive on her own. They were in the end successful, and Elsa became the first lioness successfully released back into the wild, the first to have
400:
She grew up on an estate near Opava in the village called
Kreuzberg (now Kružberg, Czech Republic. With the outbreak of the WWII she had moved to Vienna earning a music degree before studying sculpting and medicine. As a young adult, Adamson considered careers as a concert pianist, and in
524:
about Pippa and her cheetah family. Later, Adamson reached her goal of many years, when she obtained an
African leopard cub. Penny was eight weeks old when a ranger acquaintance of George Adamson found her in 1976. Penny had a litter of two cubs before the publication of
486:
and nearly a year on the chart overall. The success of the book was due to both the story of Elsa and the dozens of photographs of her. Readers had pictures of many of the events of Elsa's life leading up to her release. Subsequent books were also heavily illustrated.
552:
The police investigation found
Adamson's wounds were too sharp and bloodless to have been caused by an animal, and concluded she had been murdered. Paul Nakware Ekai, a discharged labourer formerly employed by Adamson, was found guilty of murder and sentenced to
516:, was published in 1972. She rehabilitated a cheetah and an African leopard. Pippa the cheetah was raised as a pet and given to Adamson at the age of seven months in hopes that she could also be released. Pippa had four litters before her death. Adamson wrote
446:, a disease resulting from a tick bite. Her three young cubs became a nuisance, killing the livestock of local farmers. The Adamsons, who feared the farmers might kill the cubs, were able to eventually capture them and transport them to neighboring
466:
wanted to continue to work with lions and she with cheetahs) made it necessary for them to live apart (though they sometimes discussed living together again, they never did). They spent each
Christmas together and they remained on good terms.
549:, Joy Adamson's body was discovered by her assistant, Pieter Mawson. He mistakenly assumed she had been killed by a lion, and this was what was initially reported by the media. She was a few weeks short of her 70th birthday.
415:, who gave her the nickname "Joy". Peter did botanical paintings, and it was he who encouraged her to continue sketching and painting the flora and fauna in her surroundings. She met her third husband, senior wildlife warden
462:
characteristics of our cubs were inherent in them. Indeed, in every lion I saw during our searches I recognized the intrinsic nature of Elsa, Jespah, Gopa and Little Elsa, the spirit of all the magnificent lions in Africa".
1532:
1204:
509:
While television specials kept the
Adamsons' cause in the spotlight, Adamson spent her last 10 years travelling the world, giving speeches about the perils faced by wildlife in Africa.
924:(1980) – Programme featuring interviews with Joy Adamson about her life and work in Austria and in Africa, and her famous lioness Elsa. Director: Dick Thomsett Production Company: BBC
491:
received largely favorable reviews from critics. Adamson worked closely with publishers to promote the book, which contributed to the
Adamsons' new-found international celebrity.
439:
contact after release, and the first known released lion to have a litter of cubs. The Adamsons kept their distance from the cubs, getting close enough only to photograph them.
954:
1082:
The #1 New York Times Best Seller: intriguing facts about the 484 books that have been #1 New York Times bestsellers since the first list, 50 years ago
1334:
1268:
356:
404:
Joy Adamson married three times in the span of ten years. Her first marriage in 1935 was to Viktor von Klarwill (aka Ziebel; 1902–1985).
506:, which tells of the release of the cubs Jespah, Gopa and Little Elsa. Adamson shared book proceeds with various conservation projects.
393:), the second of three daughters. Her parents died when she was 10, and she went to live with her grandmother. In her autobiography
965:
1502:
996:
846:
826:
808:
727:
579:, while rushing to the aid of a tourist who was being attacked by poachers. He is credited with saving the tourist's life.
480:
1094:
1522:
1382:
1187:
1110:
1060:
773:
760:
747:
711:
698:
685:
672:
659:
646:
633:
614:
1156:
582:
In addition to Joy Adamson's books about big cats, a book of her artwork was published as an autobiography entitled
475:
to tell the lion's tale. She submitted it to a number of publishers before it was bought by Harvill Press, part of
1497:
1458:
92:
1537:
1517:
1527:
1512:
1297:
1232:
1507:
1242:
427:
419:, while on safari in the early 1940s and married him in 1944. They made their home together in Kenya.
397:, Adamson wrote about her grandmother, saying, "It is to her I owe anything that may be good in me".
1022:
906:– 25 minutes; Benchmark Films Copyright MCMLXXI by Elsa Wild Animal Appeal and Benchmark Films, Inc.
412:
175:
1348:
941:
554:
451:
369:
326:
1086:
1080:
542:
32:
1492:
1487:
1344:
1076:
8:
1209:
432:
1453:
1273:
1049:
576:
569:
558:
494:
She spent the rest of her life raising money for wildlife, thanks to the popularity of
111:
1472:
1378:
1237:
1183:
1090:
1056:
842:
832:
822:
804:
769:
756:
743:
733:
723:
707:
694:
681:
668:
655:
642:
629:
610:
300:
605:
565:
471:
423:
378:
340:
335:
333:; 20 January 1910 – 3 January 1980) was a naturalist, artist and author. Her book,
282:
61:
1000:
803:
Bwana Game: The Life Story of George Adamson, Collins & Harvill (April 1969),
1463:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1339:
717:
561:
because the judge ruled he might have been a minor when the crime was committed.
382:
65:
790:
At least six other books depicting the flowers, trees, and shrubs of East Africa
815:
416:
390:
204:
73:
1481:
479:. Published in 1960, it became a bestseller, spending 13 weeks at the top of
476:
348:
836:
1302:
737:
426:. In 1956, George Adamson, in the course of his job as game warden of the
1324:
Resting Places: The Burial Sites of 14000 Famous Persons, by Scott Wilson
1254:
897:
800:
A Lifetime With Lions. (Autobiography). Doubleday,1968. ASIN: B0006BQAZW
1468:
575:
George Adamson was murdered nine years later in 1989, near his camp in
443:
422:
Joy Adamson is best known for her conservation efforts associated with
890:
352:
1157:"A Lion Called Christian: An exhibition of the works of Joy Adamson"
447:
1135:
1205:"Kenyans Say Murder Suspected in the Death of 'Born Free' Author"
1055:. London, England: Collins and Harvill Press. pp. 410–411.
1269:"AROUND THE WORLD; Kenyan is Convicted in Death of Joy Adamson"
1533:
Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
546:
408:
386:
374:
69:
401:
medicine.(Zuzana Beranova, Dlouhe safari z Opavy do Keni)
1464:
Bibliography of films by and about Joy and George Adamson.
859:
Wild Heart: The Story of Joy Adamson, Author of Born Free
431:
One" and "Lustica", were passed on to be cared for by a
411:
in 1937 where she met and married in 1938 the botanist
564:
Joy Adamson was cremated and her ashes were buried in
435:, and the smallest, "Elsa", was raised by the couple.
877:
The Great Safari: The Lives of George and Joy Adamson
469:
Using her own notes and George's journals, Joy wrote
339:, describes her experiences raising a lion cub named
944:. BBC, 3 February 1961. Retrieved 19 September 2024
502:, which is about Elsa as a mother to her cubs, and
1048:
814:
347:was printed in several languages and made into an
1085:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p.
719:The Searching Spirit: Joy Adamson's Autobiography
1479:
841:; also, The Harvill Press (22 September 1986),
753:Queen of Shaba: The Story of an African Leopard
367:Adamson was born to Victor and Traute Gessner (
1023:"Viktor Isidor Ernst Ritter von Klarwill]"
722:. Ulverscroft Large Print Books. 1 July 1982.
821:. (Autobiography). Simon and Schuster. 1987.
357:Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
994:
626:Living Free: The story of Elsa and her cubs
794:
37:Adamson with Elsa the lioness, autumn 1960
31:
964:. August 2009. p. 34. Archived from
586:. George Adamson's second autobiography,
16:Naturalist, artist and author (1910–1980)
1202:
1295:
1046:
598:
529:, Adamson's posthumous and final book.
1480:
1233:"Report suggests Joy Adamson murdered"
1047:Adamson, Joy (2017) . "Forever Free".
990:
988:
986:
779:
1368:
1366:
1203:Brittain, Victoria (8 January 1980).
995:Loewen Haag, Karin (1 January 2002).
450:, where they were promised a home at
368:
325:
1241:. Rome, Georgia: Times-Journal Inc.
1075:
786:Gardening in East Africa, II edition
536:
1372:
1296:Vasagar, Jeevan (8 February 2004).
1177:
1111:"The Life and Times of Joy Adamson"
983:
13:
1363:
1347:. 4 September 1989. Archived from
1335:"Kenya Murder in the Game Reserve"
1298:"Interview with Paul Nakware Ekai"
871:Joy Adamson : Behind the Mask
852:
14:
1549:
1447:
1412:Joy Adamson – About the Adamsons
910:Joy Adamson – About the Adamsons
220:
912:– Producer-Benchmark Films, Inc.
442:In January 1961, Elsa died from
294:
266:Animals, African culture, nature
191:
162:
1454:Letters written by Joy Adamson.
1430:
1417:
1404:
1391:
1327:
1318:
1289:
1277:. New York City. 29 August 1981
1261:
1225:
1196:
1171:
665:Pippa: The Cheetah and her Cubs
593:
355:. In 1977, she was awarded the
216:
187:
158:
1149:
1128:
1103:
1069:
1040:
1015:
1011:– via HighBeam Research.
947:
935:
1:
928:
93:Shaba National Reserve, Kenya
1503:20th-century Austrian people
620:Elsa: The Story of a Lioness
362:
7:
533:studies of Elsa and Pippa.
498:. The book was followed by
47:Friederike Victoria Gessner
10:
1554:
1243:United Press International
997:"Adamson, Joy (1910–1980)"
639:Forever Free: Elsa's Pride
457:In the concluding part of
428:Northern Frontier District
60:Troppau - today ´s Opava,
590:, was published in 1986.
512:A book of her paintings,
307:
290:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
231:
137:
117:
107:
99:
81:
42:
30:
23:
1523:People murdered in Kenya
883:
795:Books by George Adamson
766:Friends from the Forest
555:indefinite imprisonment
452:Serengeti National Park
148:Sir Viktor Von Klarwill
1498:1980 murders in Africa
543:Shaba National Reserve
541:On 3 January 1980, in
353:movie of the same name
176:Peter René Oscar Bally
1438:The Joy Adamson Story
1373:Joy, Adamson (1972).
1178:Joy, Adamson (1972).
922:The Joy Adamson Story
301:Literature portal
1425:Joy Adamson's Africa
1375:Joy Adamson's Africa
1345:Meredith Corporation
1180:Joy Adamson's Africa
916:Joy Adamson's Africa
678:Joy Adamson's Africa
599:Books by Joy Adamson
584:The Searching Spirit
514:Joy Adamson's Africa
448:Tanganyika Territory
395:The Searching Spirit
219: 1944;
190: 1938;
161: 1935;
1538:White Kenyan people
1518:Immigrants to Kenya
1459:Web page about Elsa
1399:Elsa & Her Cubs
1210:The Washington Post
918:(1977) – 86 minutes
904:Elsa & Her Cubs
865:Sleeping With Lions
861:by Anne E. Neimark.
780:As illustrator only
314:Friederike Victoria
100:Cause of death
1528:Writers from Opava
1513:Austrian emigrants
1274:The New York Times
1136:"Peoples of Kenya"
942:'Elsa the Lioness'
652:The Spotted Sphinx
577:Kora National Park
570:Meru National Park
559:capital punishment
518:The Spotted Sphinx
482:The New York Times
112:Meru National Park
1508:Settlers of Kenya
1343:. New York City:
1306:. London, England
1238:Rome News-Tribune
1159:. 18 October 2011
962:Africa Geographic
873:by Caroline Cass.
847:978-0-00-272518-7
828:978-0-671-62497-2
809:978-0-00-261051-3
729:978-0-7089-0826-6
691:Pippa's Challenge
537:Murder and legacy
522:Pippa's Challenge
311:
310:
271:Years active
1545:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1245:. 7 January 1980
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1213:. Washington, DC
1200:
1194:
1193:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:on 29 March 2015
999:. Archived from
992:
981:
980:
978:
976:
970:
959:
951:
945:
939:
867:by Netta Pfeifer
840:
820:
817:My Pride and Joy
741:
704:Peoples of Kenya
588:My Pride and Joy
572:in Meru, Kenya.
566:Elsa the Lioness
484:Best Seller list
433:zoo in Rotterdam
424:Elsa the Lioness
372:
329:
299:
298:
297:
224:
222:
218:
195:
193:
189:
166:
164:
160:
88:
62:Austrian Silesia
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1478:
1477:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1371:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1351:on 8 March 2008
1333:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1248:
1246:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
993:
984:
974:
972:
971:on 4 March 2016
968:
957:
955:"Pride and Joy"
953:
952:
948:
940:
936:
931:
886:
879:by Adrian House
855:
853:Books by others
829:
813:
797:
782:
742:; also, (1978)
730:
716:
601:
596:
539:
383:Austria-Hungary
365:
295:
293:
291:
227:
226:
223: 1970)
214:
210:
207:
197:
194: 1944)
185:
181:
178:
168:
165: 1937)
156:
152:
149:
133:
95:
90:
86:
77:
66:Austria-Hungary
58:
57:20 January 1910
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1448:External links
1446:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1383:
1377:. p. 16.
1362:
1326:
1317:
1288:
1260:
1224:
1195:
1188:
1170:
1148:
1127:
1102:
1096:978-0898154849
1095:
1068:
1061:
1039:
1014:
982:
946:
933:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
894:
885:
882:
881:
880:
874:
868:
862:
854:
851:
850:
849:
827:
811:
801:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
781:
778:
777:
776:
763:
750:
728:
714:
701:
688:
675:
662:
649:
636:
623:
617:
600:
597:
595:
592:
538:
535:
527:Queen of Shaba
417:George Adamson
391:Czech Republic
364:
361:
309:
308:
305:
304:
288:
287:
280:
276:
275:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
248:
244:
243:
240:
236:
235:
233:Writing career
229:
228:
212:
208:
205:George Adamson
203:
202:
201:
200:
183:
179:
174:
173:
172:
171:
154:
150:
147:
146:
145:
144:
141:
139:
135:
134:
132:
131:
128:
125:
121:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
91:
89:(aged 69)
85:3 January 1980
83:
79:
78:
74:Czech Republic
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1550:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1384:0-15-146480-4
1380:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1321:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1189:0-15-146480-4
1185:
1181:
1174:
1158:
1152:
1137:
1131:
1116:
1115:FunTrivia.com
1112:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1062:9781509860241
1058:
1053:
1052:
1043:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1002:
998:
991:
989:
987:
967:
963:
956:
950:
943:
938:
934:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
887:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
848:
844:
838:
834:
830:
824:
819:
818:
812:
810:
806:
802:
799:
798:
789:
787:
784:
783:
775:
774:0-15-133645-8
771:
767:
764:
762:
761:0-00-272617-3
758:
754:
751:
749:
748:0-00-216035-8
745:
739:
735:
731:
725:
721:
720:
715:
713:
712:0-15-171681-1
709:
705:
702:
700:
699:0-15-171980-2
696:
692:
689:
687:
686:0-15-146480-4
683:
679:
676:
674:
673:0-15-262125-3
670:
666:
663:
661:
660:0-15-184795-9
657:
653:
650:
648:
647:0-00-632885-7
644:
640:
637:
635:
634:0-00-637588-X
631:
627:
624:
621:
618:
616:
615:1-56849-551-X
612:
608:
607:
603:
602:
591:
589:
585:
580:
578:
573:
571:
567:
562:
560:
557:. He escaped
556:
550:
548:
544:
534:
530:
528:
523:
519:
515:
510:
507:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
477:HarperCollins
474:
473:
467:
463:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
440:
436:
434:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
405:
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
360:
358:
354:
350:
349:Academy Award
346:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
306:
303:
302:
289:
286:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
230:
206:
199:
198:
177:
170:
169:
143:
142:
140:
136:
129:
126:
123:
122:
120:
116:
113:
110:
108:Resting place
106:
102:
98:
94:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1374:
1355:20 September
1353:. Retrieved
1349:the original
1338:
1329:
1320:
1310:20 September
1308:. Retrieved
1303:The Guardian
1301:
1291:
1281:20 September
1279:. Retrieved
1272:
1263:
1253:– via
1247:. Retrieved
1236:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1208:
1198:
1179:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
1081:
1071:
1050:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
973:. Retrieved
966:the original
961:
949:
937:
921:
915:
909:
903:
896:
889:
876:
870:
864:
858:
816:
785:
765:
752:
718:
703:
690:
677:
664:
651:
638:
625:
619:
604:
594:Bibliography
587:
583:
581:
574:
568:'s grave in
563:
551:
540:
531:
526:
521:
517:
513:
511:
508:
504:Forever Free
503:
499:
495:
493:
488:
481:
470:
468:
464:
459:Forever Free
458:
456:
441:
437:
421:
407:She went to
406:
403:
399:
394:
373:Greipel) in
366:
344:
334:
330:
321:
317:
313:
312:
292:
283:
279:Notable work
232:
87:(1980-01-03)
18:
1493:1980 deaths
1488:1910 births
1469:Joy Adamson
1255:Google News
898:Living Free
500:Living Free
413:Peter Bally
118:Occupations
25:Joy Adamson
1482:Categories
1120:31 January
1077:Bear, John
1007:31 January
929:References
444:babesiosis
258:Nonfiction
124:Naturalist
53:1910-01-20
1249:2 January
1217:2 January
1163:2 January
1141:2 January
1051:Born Free
891:Born Free
606:Born Free
496:Born Free
489:Born Free
472:Born Free
363:Biography
351:-winning
345:Born Free
336:Born Free
284:Born Free
274:1960–1980
250:1960–1980
1079:(1992).
1032:3 August
1027:Geni.com
975:22 March
837:14586464
263:Subjects
239:Language
103:Homicide
768:(1980)
755:(1980)
738:4493290
706:(1975)
693:(1972)
680:(1972)
667:(1970)
654:(1969)
641:(1962)
628:(1961)
609:(1960)
379:Silesia
375:Troppau
331:Gessner
322:Adamson
242:English
225:
213:
209:
196:
184:
180:
167:
155:
151:
138:Spouses
1381:
1186:
1093:
1059:
845:
835:
825:
807:
772:
759:
746:
736:
726:
710:
697:
684:
671:
658:
645:
632:
622:(1961)
613:
247:Period
130:Author
127:Artist
969:(PDF)
958:(PDF)
884:Films
547:Kenya
409:Kenya
387:Opava
385:(now
255:Genre
215:(
211:
186:(
182:
157:(
153:
70:Opava
68:(now
1473:IMDb
1379:ISBN
1357:2014
1340:Time
1312:2014
1283:2014
1251:2019
1219:2018
1184:ISBN
1165:2018
1143:2018
1122:2015
1091:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1034:2015
1009:2015
977:2013
843:ISBN
833:OCLC
823:ISBN
805:ISBN
770:ISBN
757:ISBN
744:ISBN
734:OCLC
724:ISBN
708:ISBN
695:ISBN
682:ISBN
669:ISBN
656:ISBN
643:ISBN
630:ISBN
611:ISBN
520:and
341:Elsa
221:sep.
192:div.
163:div.
82:Died
43:Born
1471:at
545:in
454:.
370:née
327:née
318:Joy
1484::
1365:^
1337:.
1300:.
1271:.
1235:.
1207:.
1182:.
1113:.
1089:.
1087:78
1025:.
985:^
960:.
831:.
732:.
389:,
381:,
377:,
359:.
343:.
320:"
217:m.
188:m.
159:m.
72:,
64:,
1387:.
1359:.
1314:.
1285:.
1257:.
1221:.
1192:.
1167:.
1145:.
1124:.
1099:.
1065:.
1036:.
979:.
839:.
740:.
324:(
316:"
76:)
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
