486:. To that end, he made a list of things that could fly: machines, animals, and fictional characters. After evaluating the positive and negative of each idea, Newcomer chose birds for their wide appeal and his familiarity with fantasy and science fiction media featuring birds. To further increase his understanding, Newcomer went to the library to study mythology. He believed that the primary protagonist should ride a majestic bird. The first choice was an eagle, but the lack of graceful land mobility dissuaded him. Instead, he decided that a flying ostrich was more believable than a running eagle. To differentiate between the first and second player characters, the developers picked a stork, believing the proportions were similar to an ostrich while the color difference would avoid confusion among players. Newcomer chose vultures as the main enemies, believing that they would be recognizably evil. Anghelo created concept art of the characters as guidance for further design.
556:(AI), which was programmed for attack patterns based partly on platform placements. The knight enemies were designed to exhibit progressively more aggressive behavior. Bounders flew around the environment randomly, occasionally reacting to the protagonist. Hunters sought the player's character in an effort to collide. Shadow Lords flew quickly and closer to the top of the screen; Pfutzenreuter designed them to fly higher when close to the protagonist to increase the Shadow Lord's chances of victory against the player. The pterodactyl was designed to prevent players from idling, and to be difficult to defeat as it was vulnerable only in its open mouth during a specific animation frame and it quickly flies upward at the last moment when approaching a player waiting at the edge of a platform. The game prioritizes its graphics processing to favor the player characters over the enemies, so enemies begin to react more slowly when the number of on-screen sprites increases.
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was finished. The new sprite allowed the pterodactyl to be easily defeated an unending number of times. The player could sit on the center ledge, with a single enemy knight caught indefinitely in the hand of the Lava Troll, and kill an unlimited number of pterodactyls simply by turning to face them as they entered the screen. Using this flaw, the player could quickly accumulate a very high score, and a large cache of lives, with no significant skill required. Upon learning of the flaw, Williams shipped a new ROM for the arcade cabinets to assuage distributors' complaints.
34:
544:, Newcomer finalized the look of the platforms. The hardware had limited audio capabilities, and sounds typically require larger amounts of memory than graphics. Working with these restrictions, Newcomer instructed Murphy and Kotlarik to focus on select sounds he deemed important to reinforcing gameplay. He reasoned that the audio would serve as conspicuous hints that players could use to adjust their strategy. Newcomer prioritized the crucial wing-flap sound above others related to the pterodactyl, collisions, and hatching eggs.
515:
to dictate horizontal direction. Though other
Williams employees were concerned about the design, Newcomer believed that a direct control scheme for flight would strengthen the connection between the player and the character. The combat was devised to allow for higher levels of strategy than traditional shooting games. Because flying became an integral gameplay element, he chose to have characters collide as a means of combat, with victory decided by onscreen elevation.
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turns into an egg, which the player can pick up for bonus points. After a short period of time, the egg will hatch into a knight of the next higher difficulty level than the defeated one. If this knight acquires a new mount before the player can pick it up, it returns to the game and must be defeated again. The wave ends when all enemy knights have been defeated and their eggs picked up or destroyed.
435:, Williams searched for new creative staff. John Newcomer, believing video games to be the future of entertainment, left his job as a toy designer to work at Williams, who hired him to create game ideas as support for development staff. After a few days, he generated a list of ideas that included ideas for his top two games,
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A second bug, which allows the pterodactyl to be easily defeated, was discovered after the game was first distributed. Newcomer had always designed the game and its AI with each sprite's dimension in mind, but the pterodactyl's sprite had been altered to improve the appearance one day before the game
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applied to the platforms; the hardware could not easily display the textures while scrolling, and the team believed that displaying the whole environment would aid players. The final game world element designed was a lava pit and a hand reaching out of it to destroy characters too close to the bottom
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was done I was hoping to get a broader audience who may want to try a different skill. There were already plenty of shooting games they could play. I wanted to break some new ground. I felt I was already giving the player new things to do like having to flap, run and become so adept at flying that it
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table was released in 1983, designed by Barry
Oursler and Constantino Mitchell. The game includes artwork and themes from the arcade version. In addition to single player gameplay, it features competitive two-player gameplay with the players on opposing sides of the machine. Fewer than 500 machines
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The decision to use birds prompted
Newcomer to deviate from the standard eight-direction joystick. He implemented a flapping mechanism to allow players to control the character's ascent and descent. With the vertical direction controlled via the arcade cabinet's button, a two-way joystick was added
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Each wave consists of several enemy knights, in three types and armed with lances. When a player's knight and an enemy collide, the one whose lance is at a higher vertical level unseats the other; if the lances are at the same height, the two knights rebound from the collision. Each defeated enemy
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to each other. Each press of the button flaps the mount's wings; based on the rate at which it is pressed, the knight can ascend or descend at a desired rate or hover in midair. The joystick can be used to steer left and right in midair, or run in a chosen direction if the knight is standing on a
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In retrospect, Newcomer commended
Williams's management for taking a risk on him and the game. The game has garnered praise from industry professionals as well. Jeff Peters of GearWorks Games lauded the gameplay, describing it as unique and intuitive. Jeff Johannigman of Fusion Learning Systems
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A cocktail table version was later released, engineered by Leo Ludzia. It is unique among cocktail games with its side-by-side seating rather than opposing sides, allowing
Williams to reuse the same ROM chip from the upright cabinets. With substantially fewer units manufactured than the upright
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they described as a "belly flop". The flaw allowed players to force the ostrich or stork sprite through an otherwise impassable small gap between two adjacent platforms of very close elevation. Because it provided an interesting method to perform a sneak attack on an opponent below the gap, and
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has an "incredibly stupid" concept but is an appealing game with good controls and competitive gameplay. He said it is "one of the first really fun multiplayer games", differentiated from other contemporary multiplayer games, and a precursor to the
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as a reference. Given the limited memory, she had to balance the number of frames (to minimize file size) while maintaining realistic animation. Woldenberg-Miller chose gray for the buzzards, but changed it to green to optimize the
412:
provide power to save the game's settings and high scores when the machine is unplugged from an electrical outlet. Anghelo stenciled the cabinet artwork on a wooden frame, and designed artwork for promotional materials. One such
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chip storage, which limited the data size of individual graphics and sound effects they could use. The ROM size limits also prohibited
Newcomer from creating more characters. The graphics are hand-animated
1007:. Because the arenas are in 3D, it would have used split screen for the multiplayer battles, but the game was cancelled prior to release. Newcomer pitched an updated version of the arcade game for the
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The emergence of the Lava Troll, a disembodied hand that can reach up from the lava and try to drag down knights that approach too closely. The player can escape its grip with repeated, rapid flapping.
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writer called the game "weird and wonderful". Author John
Sellers praised the competitive two-player gameplay, and attributed the game's appeal to the flapping mechanism. In 2004, Ellis described
772:
listed the arcade version as number 83 on its "Top 100 Games of All Time", saying that it had original concepts, quirky designs, and playability. Video game historian Steve Kent considered
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Given the peculiar control scheme, Williams was concerned that the game would be unsuccessful, and arcades were hesitant to purchase the game. Williams eventually shipped 26,000 units, and
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685:), but since Atarisoft had reportedly ceased releasing titles for other systems, the work remained largely unavailable and was subsequently acquired by Aardvark Software, publisher of
547:
In designing the levels, Newcomer added platforms to the environment after the combat was devised. A static game world was chosen, instead of a scrolling world, to focus on detailed
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358:, which flies randomly around the screen and tries to unseat the players' knights. A precisely timed and aimed lance strike is required to defeat it for bonus points.
1945:
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would be the determining factor in how you collided and defeated an enemy. The cleanest thing I could think of to visually determine a winner was height.
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as a "flying game" with cooperative two-player gameplay, but he did not wish to emulate the popular space theme of previous successful flying games like
290:, Tim Murphy, and John Kotlarik. Newcomer aimed to create a flying game, with cooperative two-player gameplay, while avoiding the overdone space theme.
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A mobile phone version was released in 2005, but omitted the flapping control scheme. It is also an included title on the Midway Legacy
Edition
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384:, with John Newcomer as the lead designer. The development also included programmer Bill Pfutzenreuter, artists Janice Woldenberg-Miller and
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One life is lost whenever a player's knight is unseated, or falls or is dragged into the lava. A player's game ends when all lives are lost.
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called the Atari 8-bit version a "unique, addictive arcade game" that was "almost identical" to the original. The magazine concluded that
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one of the more memorable games of its time. Author David Ellis agreed, and stated that the game remains enjoyable to this day. In 2008,
693:, whereupon it received its first review. The game nevertheless remained unavailable for over a year before eventually being released as
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could be accomplished with hardware already available at
Williams. A development team was formed, which decided to create the game using
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Destruction of portions of the bottommost platform to expose pools of lava. Any knight or egg that falls in is immediately destroyed.
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The player controls the yellow knight (top center) attempting to defeat enemy knights. The score is in the bottom platform.
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s movie rights to CP Productions in 2007. Michael
Cerenzie of CP Productions described the script by Marc Gottlieb as "
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exotic with lifelike animation. In 2015, Hardcore Gamer listed the game on their 200 Best Video Games of All Time.
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as the developers had only 16 colors to create the entire display. Once the colors were decided for the character
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to Midway Games, which declined. The prototype uses multi-directional scrolling, more detailed graphics based on
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The game may be played by up to two players simultaneously. Controls for each player consist of a two-position
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was ported to numerous home systems and was followed by a more complex and less popular arcade sequel in 1986:
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1124:", set 25 years in the future. The June 2008 release date was pushed back to 2009, then Midway filed for
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listed it as the number sixty-nine arcade game in technical, creative, and cultural impact. A writer for
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The game was well-received by players and critics, and the mechanics influenced other games.
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s success and polished implementation popularized the concept. Players assume the role of
8:
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under the pseudonym "Delos D. Harriman" (which he also used for his networked tank game,
601:
537:
465:
111:
75:
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874:, was released in 1986. It has similar gameplay with new elements on a vertical screen.
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and released in arcades in 1982. While not the first two-player cooperative video game,
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123:
1683:"Back To The Classics: Perfecting The Emulation For Digital Eclipse's Atari Anthology"
1215:
Williams Electronics purchased Midway in 1988, and later transferred its games to the
766:
magazine ranked the arcade version 26th on their "Top 100 Video Games" list. In 1996,
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in 1983 described it as "tremendously popular". In the United States, it topped the
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1008:
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because of limited time available, the developers decided to keep the defect as an
519:
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and a button. The screen contains several platforms, with the left and right edges
213:
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writer Mike Bevan called the game's physics "beautifully" realized, and described
3084:
2966:
2856:
2599:
2233:
Video Gaming Illustrated Staff (December 1982). "Eye On: Tilting at Videogames".
1156:
882:
840:
as an example of innovative risk absent in the then-current video game industry.
830:
as one of the "most remarkable and well-loved titles" of the Williams library. A
762:
729:
charts from January to February 1983. It was among the thirteen highest-grossing
676:
393:
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2483:
388:, and audio designers Tim Murphy and John Kotlarik. The game features amplified
2160:
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of the screen. Newcomer placed the platforms to optimize Pfutzenreuter's enemy
385:
381:
287:
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104:
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for Player 2), who must fly around the screen and defeat enemy knights riding
3328:
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3143:
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2146:
1720:
1663:
1607:
1465:
1351:
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Other remakes were in development, but never released. Previously unreleased
277:
182:
80:
2249:"HG101 Presents: The 200 Best Video Games of All Time – Hardcore Gaming 101"
351:
Waves that begin with eggs scattered all over the screen instead of enemies.
3313:
3284:
3253:
3228:
2655:
2460:
2381:
2050:
1724:
1667:
1611:
1548:
1509:
1322:
Heineman, Bill (July 1983). "Coin-Op Classroom: Some Knights to Remember".
1216:
1150:
984:
979:
963:
878:
800:
661:
564:
2429:
1471:
Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Games Programmers
1420:
1161:
1059:
1012:
992:
607:
355:
240:
218:
148:
63:
445:. Technical specifications dictated the selection because his vision of
280:
led the development team: Bill Pfutzenreuter, Janice Woldenberg-Miller (
3209:
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885:
versions. The game is in several multi-platform compilations: the 1996
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627:
623:
619:
409:
339:
A chance to earn a bonus for completing a wave without losing any lives
335:
Later waves introduce further complications and difficulties, such as:
152:
144:
140:
136:
1069:, have elements inspired by it. The flying mechanics in the 2000 game
2345:
1780:
1033:
955:
845:
672:
615:
524:
3022:"'Joust' Clicks with CP: Cerenzie-Peters Banner Gets First Project"
2733:
2401:
2024:
1328:. Vol. 1, no. 17. Reese Communications. pp. 114–115.
908:
635:
584:
560:
389:
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156:
132:
311:
2829:
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930:
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808:
737:
arcade machine, the cocktail version is a rare collector's item.
271:
263:
1053:
255:
191:
2996:"Killer Queen: Half Joust, half StarCraft and one giant snail"
2232:
1348:
Arcade Fever: The Fan's Guide to The Golden Age of Video Games
33:
267:
259:
200:
2453:"Midway's Greatest Arcade Hits: Vol. 1 - Overview - allgame"
1263:
1044:
Several games by other developers either copy or build upon
2325:
1885:
1249:
2689:. No. 57. Sendai Publishing. April 1994. p. 139.
1912:
1776:"A former mentor recalls the early career of Satoru Iwata"
1972:"The Top 10 Video Games In the Arcades: January 15, 1983"
3053:"New Hollywood Company Bringing Joust to the Big Screen"
1858:
1831:
2422:"Williams Arcade's Greatest Hits - Overview - allgame"
2110:(Complete Guide to Consoles): 46–77. October 16, 1989.
1154:
episode "Just One of the Gamers", and the video games
2087:(in French). No. 5. May 16, 1983. pp. 72–3.
1804:
746:
rated the arcade game four out of six stars in 1983.
646:
was completed, but was never published by Atarisoft.
38:
Flyer showing a player in front of the arcade cabinet
2341:"Question of the Week Responses: Coin-Op Favorites?"
1539:"Classic Arcade Game Setup, Restoration, and Repair"
1186:
881:
also launched a website featuring the browser-based
844:
praised the flapping mechanism and Kim Pallister of
596:
Atari 2600 (1986 model) with joystick and a copy of
366:
complete the waves or attack each other as desired.
1626:"Joust: An early, genre-bending video game (video)"
991:A 3D reimagining of the game was announced for the
1978:. Vol. 1, no. 6. March 1983. p. 82.
1592:
1705:
1703:
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1590:
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1586:
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1582:
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1576:
1574:
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3326:
2286:
2284:
2939:Turner, Benjamin; Nutt, Christian (July 2003).
2366:
1709:
1652:
1596:
1248:. No. 16 (February 1983). United Kingdom:
1136:, with the intent to develop film adaptations.
527:. To animate the birds, Woldenberg-Miller used
463:. Newcomer was also inspired by the 1980s film
3020:Fritz, Ben; McNary, Dave (September 3, 2007).
2993:
2163:(2001). "The Golden Age (Part 2: 1981–1983)".
1700:
1643:
1569:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
506:—John Newcomer on the premise and gameplay of
348:Disappearance of some of the midair platforms.
3318:can be played for free in the browser at the
2281:
2193:
1132:purchased most of Midway's assets, including
518:The developers created the game using 96K of
2693:
2637:
2562:
2560:
2397:"Midway Arcade Treasures Web site goes live"
2079:"Service Compris Arcade: Les Seuers Froides"
2032:
1530:
1432:
1317:
1315:
3046:
3044:
3019:
2651:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
2332:
2262:
2201:Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008
2046:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
1544:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
1505:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
1478:
1463:
1440:"Joust – Videogame by Williams Electronics"
563:the game, the team discovered an animation
3430:Video games developed in the United States
3136:
3077:
2938:
2849:
2592:
2450:
2384:. Level/area: The Inside Story On Joust 2.
1264:"Joust (Registration Number PA0000154503)"
32:
3435:Multiplayer and single-player video games
2792:
2566:
2557:
2128:(4). Harris Publications: 28. April 1995.
1459:
1457:
1312:
752:rated the Atari VCS version 83% in 1989.
3172:"Warner Bros. to make 'Spy Hunter' film"
3050:
3041:
2728:
2726:
2540:"Midway Arcade Treasures: Extended Play"
2268:
2153:
1938:
1810:
1773:
1680:
1614:. Level/area: The Inside Story On Joust.
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1321:
1180:, Wade Watts defeats an NPC in 2-player
591:
583:
449:was technologically infeasible, whereas
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1381:
1379:
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1375:
1373:
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1341:
1339:
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978:as a bonus) was in development for the
721:arcade charts in January 1983, and the
429:Following the success of the 1981 game
3327:
3281:"World of Warcraft Cataclysm - Review"
3250:"Top 11 Mortal Kombat Fatalities Pics"
3169:
2907:
2823:
2537:
2481:
2394:
1837:
1727:. Level/area: Joust Interview Clip #2.
1670:. Level/area: Joust Interview Clip #3.
1454:
1130:Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
914:Midway Arcade Treasures: Extended Play
362:In a two-player game, the players may
3279:Newnham, Darren (December 10, 2010).
3247:
3139:"Warner To Revive DOA Midway Titles?"
2723:
2643:
2194:Craig Glenday, ed. (March 11, 2008).
2187:
2038:
1536:
1497:
281:
2941:"Nintendo Famicom: 20 Years of Fun!"
2701:"Jaguar Dactyl Joust Video Released"
2395:Kohler, Chris (September 24, 2004).
2338:
2159:
2071:
1946:"The Players Guide to Fantasy Games"
1891:
1368:
1332:
400:. Like other Williams arcade games,
3410:Nintendo Entertainment System games
3223:Adam de la Peña (August 1, 2007). "
3137:VanBurkleo, Meagan (May 12, 2010).
2882:
2759:"The Hottest, Latest Release Dates"
2538:Harris, Craig (February 13, 2006).
2509:"Arcade Classic 4 Defender / Joust"
2091:
1681:Vavasour, Jeff (January 13, 2005).
1148:episode "Celebutard Mountain", the
1039:
995:, going by the tentative titles of
13:
3051:Gaudiosi, John (August 27, 2007).
2994:Eric.Blattberg (August 29, 2013).
2196:"Top 100 Arcade Games: Top 100–51"
2020:"AMOA Votes On Annual Game Awards"
1774:Andersen, John (October 9, 2015).
1252:. January 16, 1983. pp. 30–1.
1100:
903:. Other compilations are the 1995
614:for its own systems and under the
14:
3451:
3307:
2887:. Boxtree Ltd. pp. 261–262.
2824:Leeper, Justin (March 16, 2005).
2707:. October 8, 2003. Archived from
2482:Harris, Craig (August 11, 2003).
2419:
2290:
1413:
970:in Las Vegas. An adaptation with
848:enjoyed the multi-player aspect.
2852:"The Best 50 Games of The 1980s"
2295:. Classic Gaming. Archived from
1867:"Skirmish ... battling buzzards"
1189:
1089:, and mixes elements of it with
945:was included in the compilation
871:Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest
755:
300:Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest
3390:Head-to-head arcade video games
3272:
3241:
3216:
3198:Seth Green (October 7, 2007). "
3191:
3170:McNary, Dave (March 22, 2010).
3163:
3130:
3104:
3071:
3013:
2987:
2959:
2932:
2908:Thomas, Lucas (July 20, 2007).
2901:
2876:
2843:
2817:
2786:
2765:
2751:
2676:
2619:
2586:
2567:IGN Staff (September 4, 2007).
2531:
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2475:
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2413:
2388:
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2311:
2241:
2226:
2166:Ultimate History of Video Games
2132:
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2028:. October 29, 1983. p. 60.
2012:
2004:"RePlay: The Players' Choice".
1997:
1989:"RePlay: The Players' Choice".
1982:
1964:
1767:
1749:
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1674:
1618:
1209:
988:, it was eventually canceled.
972:three-dimensional (3D) graphics
888:Williams Arcade's Greatest Hits
697:by Godax for the BBC Micro and
262:and mounted on large birds (an
3425:Video games adapted into films
2627:"Midway Arcade Origins Review"
2339:Hong, Quang (August 5, 2005).
2269:Duberman, David (March 1984).
1283:
1269:United States Copyright Office
1256:
1232:
1164:turns into the character from
1015:, and new gameplay mechanics.
372:
228:Up to 2 players simultaneously
1:
3405:Warner Bros. Games franchises
2850:Edge Staff (March 23, 2008).
2149:. September 1996. p. 43.
2139:"Top 100 Games of All Time".
1838:Reeder, Dave (October 1986).
1442:. International Arcade Museum
1346:Sellers, John (August 2001).
1225:
894:Midway's Greatest Arcade Hits
811:'s Classic Gaming wrote that
654:Nintendo Entertainment System
588:Atari 2600 version screenshot
424:
3078:Edge Staff (March 8, 2008).
1811:Lawrence, David (May 1988).
1171:World of Warcraft: Cataclysm
974:(and a port of the original
704:
7:
3055:. GameDaily. Archived from
2782:. January 1997. p. 34.
2595:"Why GameTap is Going Free"
2237:(3). Ion International: 61.
1299:Agency for Cultural Affairs
306:
10:
3456:
3370:Atari 8-bit computer games
3350:Assembly language software
2979:. September 1997. p.
2593:Edge Staff (May 1, 2007).
1840:"Game of the Month! Joust"
798:was "Atari's finest since
3112:"Midway Files Chapter 11"
2943:. GameSpy. Archived from
2775:Electronic Gaming Monthly
2686:Electronic Gaming Monthly
2484:"Midway Arcade Treasures"
2293:"Game of The Week: Joust"
1892:Reed, Martin (May 1988).
1757:"Atari 7800 Joust Manual"
1739:"Atari 5200 Joust Manual"
1464:James Hague, ed. (1997).
851:
489:
224:
212:
174:
122:
110:
96:
86:
74:
55:
43:
31:
26:
2321:Computer and Video Games
2235:Video Gaming Illustrated
2107:Computer and Video Games
1245:Computer and Video Games
1203:
1085:was heavily inspired by
966:surfaced in 2001 at the
833:Computer and Video Games
782:Video Gaming Illustrated
749:Computer and Video Games
579:
3420:Video games about birds
3385:Cooperative video games
2373:Midway Arcade Treasures
1952:. June 1983. p. 47
1926:. May 1988. p. 159
1716:Midway Arcade Treasures
1659:Midway Arcade Treasures
1603:Midway Arcade Treasures
1168:as his friendship) and
900:Midway Arcade Treasures
600:. Renzo Renzi Library,
554:artificial intelligence
3225:Just One of the Gamers
3080:"Feature: Reel Gaming"
2910:"Balloon Fight Review"
2206:Guinness World Records
2099:"Complete Games Guide"
1865:Hac-Man (March 1988).
1105:Midway Games optioned
778:Guinness World Records
733:in the United States.
604:
589:
503:
316:
118:John Kotlarik (sounds)
3092:on September 12, 2012
2885:The Video Games Guide
2644:Ellis, David (2004).
2370:(November 18, 2003).
2122:"Top 100 Video Games"
2039:Ellis, David (2004).
1713:(November 18, 2003).
1656:(November 18, 2003).
1600:(November 18, 2003).
1537:Ellis, David (2004).
1498:Ellis, David (2004).
1416:"The Making of Joust"
1142:is referenced in the
1126:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
948:Midway Arcade Origins
818:video game deathmatch
632:Atari 8-bit computers
595:
587:
494:
447:The War of the Worlds
438:The War of the Worlds
314:
3440:HAL Laboratory games
3415:Williams video games
3395:Classic Mac OS games
3291:on December 13, 2010
2967:"NG Alphas: Messiah"
2864:on September 5, 2012
2734:"Joust 64 - IGN.com"
2633:. November 14, 2012.
2607:on September 5, 2012
2328:: 30. February 1983.
2208:. Guinness. p.
927:digital distribution
919:PlayStation Portable
731:arcade games of 1983
660:with programming by
572:rather than fix it.
570:undocumented feature
382:Williams Electronics
354:The appearance of a
245:Williams Electronics
61:Williams Electronics
50:Williams Electronics
3200:Celebutard Mountain
3118:. February 12, 2009
2420:Weiss, Brett Alan.
2409:on January 2, 2013.
1894:"Battling buzzards"
1792:on October 11, 2015
1295:Media Arts Database
1051:s design. The 1983
968:Classic Gaming Expo
939:PlayStation Network
602:Cineteca di Bologna
472:Newcomer conceived
396:on a 19-inch color
3400:Midway video games
3345:Arcade video games
3059:on January 4, 2011
2920:on January 3, 2009
2883:Fox, Matt (2006).
2795:"Joust (keychain)"
2569:"Joust: The Movie"
2299:on August 21, 2009
2171:Three Rivers Press
1426:Imagine Publishing
1354:. pp. 94–95.
1197:Video games portal
1079:. The arcade game
868:An arcade sequel,
652:was ported to the
644:IBM PC compatibles
618:label for others:
605:
590:
529:Eadweard Muybridge
408:. A pack of three
404:was programmed in
317:
92:Bill Pfutzenreuter
2772:"Gaming Gossip".
2318:"Arcade Action".
2271:"Product Reviews"
2219:978-1-904994-21-3
2041:"Arcade Classics"
1844:A&B Computing
1500:"Arcade Classics"
1075:were inspired by
1019:Tiger Electronics
925:was released via
533:Animals In Motion
406:assembly language
380:was developed by
232:
231:
68:Atari Corporation
3447:
3375:Atari Lynx games
3365:Atari 7800 games
3360:Atari 5200 games
3355:Atari 2600 games
3335:1982 video games
3320:Internet Archive
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3287:. Archived from
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3260:on June 15, 2011
3256:. Archived from
3245:
3239:
3238:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3151:on July 30, 2010
3147:. Archived from
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3088:. Archived from
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2916:. Archived from
2905:
2899:
2898:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2860:. Archived from
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2801:. Archived from
2790:
2784:
2783:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2711:on March 9, 2012
2697:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2603:. Archived from
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2515:. Archived from
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2459:. Archived from
2451:All Game Staff.
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2428:. Archived from
2417:
2411:
2410:
2405:. Archived from
2392:
2386:
2385:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2315:
2309:
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2306:
2304:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2008:. February 1983.
2001:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1950:Electronic Games
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:. Archived from
1771:
1765:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1594:
1567:
1566:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1495:
1476:
1475:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1411:
1366:
1365:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1325:Electronic Games
1319:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1236:
1220:
1213:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1177:Ready Player One
1111:
1050:
1040:Influenced games
1023:keychain version
1009:Game Boy Advance
935:Xbox Live Arcade
905:Arcade Classic 4
740:French magazine
712:Electronic Games
510:
460:
285:
266:for Player 1, a
253:
204:
195:
186:
70:(ST, 7800, Lynx)
36:
24:
23:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3325:
3324:
3310:
3305:
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3294:
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3277:
3273:
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3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3049:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2992:
2988:
2975:. No. 33.
2972:Next Generation
2965:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2947:on May 20, 2009
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2805:on July 8, 2012
2793:GameSpy Staff.
2791:
2787:
2778:. No. 90.
2771:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2519:on June 7, 2007
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2463:on July 1, 2009
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2432:on July 1, 2009
2418:
2414:
2393:
2389:
2368:Digital Eclipse
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2337:
2333:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2289:
2282:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2173:. p. 177.
2158:
2154:
2145:. No. 21.
2142:Next Generation
2138:
2137:
2133:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2037:
2033:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1993:. January 1983.
1988:
1987:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1772:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1711:Digital Eclipse
1708:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1675:
1654:Digital Eclipse
1651:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1598:Digital Eclipse
1595:
1570:
1563:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1496:
1479:
1474:. Dadgum Games.
1466:"Eugene Jarvis"
1462:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1412:
1369:
1362:
1344:
1333:
1320:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1240:"Arcade Action"
1238:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1157:Mortal Kombat 3
1109:
1103:
1101:Popular culture
1063:, and the 1984
1048:
1042:
897:, and the 2003
865:were produced.
854:
807:Kevin Bowen of
769:Next Generation
758:
707:
677:Stuart Cheshire
582:
549:visual textures
512:
505:
492:
458:
427:
419:archaic English
394:raster graphics
375:
325:wrapping around
309:
251:
208:
199:
190:
181:
117:
103:
66:
62:
39:
22:
21:1982 video game
17:
16:1982 video game
12:
11:
5:
3453:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3380:Atari ST games
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3323:
3322:
3309:
3308:External links
3306:
3303:
3302:
3271:
3240:
3215:
3208:. Episode 49.
3190:
3162:
3129:
3103:
3070:
3040:
3012:
2986:
2958:
2931:
2900:
2893:
2875:
2842:
2826:"Joust Review"
2816:
2785:
2764:
2750:
2722:
2692:
2675:
2668:
2646:"ColecoVision"
2636:
2618:
2585:
2556:
2530:
2500:
2474:
2443:
2412:
2387:
2359:
2331:
2310:
2291:Bowen, Kevin.
2280:
2261:
2240:
2225:
2218:
2186:
2179:
2152:
2131:
2113:
2090:
2070:
2063:
2031:
2011:
1996:
1981:
1963:
1937:
1911:
1884:
1857:
1830:
1813:"Armoured Arc"
1803:
1766:
1748:
1730:
1699:
1673:
1642:
1617:
1568:
1561:
1529:
1522:
1477:
1453:
1431:
1367:
1360:
1331:
1311:
1282:
1255:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1174:. In the book
1102:
1099:
1041:
1038:
958:prototypes of
853:
850:
757:
754:
727:arcade cabinet
706:
703:
699:Acorn Electron
658:HAL Laboratory
581:
578:
493:
491:
488:
426:
423:
386:Python Anghelo
374:
371:
360:
359:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
308:
305:
288:Python Anghelo
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
207:
206:
197:
188:
178:
176:
172:
171:
126:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
105:Python Anghelo
100:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
59:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:
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3:
2:
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3312:
3311:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3233:. Episode 5.
3232:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3205:Robot Chicken
3201:
3194:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3144:Game Informer
3140:
3133:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3074:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3016:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2977:Imagine Media
2974:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2894:0-7522-2625-8
2890:
2886:
2879:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2761:. April 1998.
2760:
2754:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2688:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2669:0-375-72038-3
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2640:
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2628:
2622:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2596:
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2574:
2570:
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2541:
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2510:
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2454:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2378:PlayStation 2
2375:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2298:
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2250:
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2236:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2180:0-7615-3643-4
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2148:
2147:Imagine Media
2144:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2064:0-375-72038-3
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1899:
1898:Electron User
1895:
1888:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1845:
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1819:. p. 135
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1722:
1721:PlayStation 2
1718:
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1704:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1664:PlayStation 2
1661:
1660:
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1649:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1608:PlayStation 2
1605:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
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1575:
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1564:
1562:0-375-72038-3
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1525:
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1414:Bevan, Mike.
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102:Jan Hendricks
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88:Programmer(s)
85:
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81:John Newcomer
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3295:December 13,
3293:. Retrieved
3289:the original
3285:Yahoo! Games
3274:
3264:September 1,
3262:. Retrieved
3258:the original
3243:
3230:Code Monkeys
3229:
3218:
3204:
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3181:. Retrieved
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3149:the original
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3057:the original
3033:September 1,
3031:. Retrieved
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3005:December 29,
3003:. Retrieved
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2709:the original
2695:
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2656:Random House
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2605:the original
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2461:the original
2446:
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2430:the original
2415:
2407:the original
2400:
2390:
2382:Midway Games
2371:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2344:
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2301:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2274:
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
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2161:Kent, Steven
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1954:. Retrieved
1949:
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1928:. Retrieved
1923:
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1900:. p. 16
1897:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1873:. p. 31
1870:
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1846:. p. 21
1843:
1833:
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1816:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:the original
1779:
1769:
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1742:
1733:
1725:Midway Games
1714:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1668:Midway Games
1657:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:
1620:
1612:Midway Games
1601:
1549:Random House
1543:
1532:
1510:Random House
1504:
1470:
1444:. Retrieved
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1323:
1302:. Retrieved
1294:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1267:
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1234:
1217:Midway Games
1211:
1181:
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1151:Code Monkeys
1149:
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1082:Killer Queen
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985:Dactyl Joust
983:
980:Atari Jaguar
975:
964:ColecoVision
959:
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879:Midway Games
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801:Star Raiders
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666:
662:Satoru Iwata
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466:Flash Gordon
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410:AA batteries
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298:
294:
292:
286:Hendricks),
276:
248:
235:
234:
233:
196:January 1983
57:Publisher(s)
45:Developer(s)
18:
3340:Amiga games
3248:UGO staff.
3183:October 29,
3155:October 29,
3122:October 29,
3096:October 29,
3063:October 29,
2868:October 29,
2835:October 29,
2809:October 29,
2715:November 1,
2658:. pp.
2611:October 29,
2578:October 29,
1976:Video Games
1930:October 21,
1904:October 21,
1877:October 21,
1850:October 21,
1823:October 21,
1796:October 11,
1761:archive.org
1743:archive.org
1692:October 29,
1551:. pp.
1512:. pp.
1421:Retro Gamer
1219:subsidiary.
1162:Shang Tsung
1060:Mario Bros.
1021:released a
993:Nintendo 64
941:. In 2012,
891:, the 2000
824:Retro Gamer
608:Atari, Inc.
561:playtesting
398:CRT monitor
373:Development
356:pterodactyl
258:armed with
241:action game
149:Atari 8-bit
124:Platform(s)
112:Composer(s)
76:Designer(s)
64:Atari, Inc.
3329:Categories
3210:Adult Swim
2780:Ziff Davis
2053:. p.
1956:January 6,
1924:Acorn User
1871:Micro User
1817:Acorn User
1226:References
1013:3D renders
937:, and the
718:Play Meter
667:A port of
628:Atari 7800
624:Atari 5200
620:Atari 2600
610:published
461:s hardware
425:Conception
392:sound and
328:platform.
145:Atari 7800
141:Atari 5200
137:Atari 2600
116:Tim Murphy
2683:"Joust".
2346:Gamasutra
1781:Gamasutra
1687:Gamasutra
1128:in 2009.
1115:Gladiator
1036:cabinet.
1034:Arcade1Up
1029:in 1998.
982:. Titled
956:Atarisoft
883:Shockwave
877:In 2004,
846:Microsoft
760:In 1995,
705:Reception
673:BBC Micro
616:Atarisoft
525:pixel art
479:Asteroids
417:features
98:Artist(s)
2951:July 10,
2924:July 10,
2549:July 10,
2523:July 10,
2513:GameSpot
2493:July 10,
2467:July 10,
2436:July 10,
2402:GameSpot
2303:July 14,
2025:Cash Box
1446:July 13,
1428:: 36–41.
1275:June 15,
1005:Joust 64
997:Joust 3D
962:for the
917:for the
909:Game Boy
907:for the
860:-themed
725:upright
695:Skirmish
636:Apple II
531:'s book
484:Defender
456:Defender
432:Defender
390:monaural
321:joystick
307:Gameplay
272:buzzards
214:Genre(s)
157:Atari ST
133:Apple II
3177:Variety
3027:Variety
3000:Polygon
2830:GameSpy
2799:GameSpy
2705:GameSpy
2660:146–148
2457:Allgame
2426:Allgame
2352:May 12,
2254:July 7,
1786:UBM plc
1763:. 1987.
1745:. 1983.
1635:May 15,
1553:433–437
1514:337–338
1304:June 1,
1291:"Joust"
1121:Mad Max
1097:games.
1072:Messiah
1001:Joust X
931:GameTap
862:pinball
809:GameSpy
784:called
671:to the
542:sprites
264:ostrich
256:knights
225:Mode(s)
175:Release
2891:
2743:May 7,
2666:
2216:
2177:
2061:
2006:RePlay
1991:RePlay
1920:"Bolo"
1630:Nuadox
1559:
1520:
1424:(63).
1358:
1118:meets
1054:Jetpac
1003:, and
852:Legacy
723:RePlay
691:Zalaga
638:, and
559:While
490:Design
260:lances
239:is an
219:Action
161:IBM PC
129:Arcade
3315:Joust
2275:Antic
2102:(PDF)
1204:Notes
1182:Joust
1166:Joust
1140:Joust
1134:Joust
1110:'
1107:Joust
1087:Joust
1077:Joust
1049:'
1046:Joust
1027:Joust
976:Joust
960:Joust
943:Joust
923:Joust
858:Joust
838:Joust
828:Joust
813:Joust
804:".
796:Joust
791:Antic
786:Joust
774:Joust
669:Joust
650:Joust
612:Joust
598:Joust
580:Ports
508:Joust
498:Joust
474:Joust
459:'
451:Joust
443:Joust
415:flyer
402:Joust
378:Joust
295:Joust
268:stork
252:'
249:Joust
236:Joust
27:Joust
3297:2010
3266:2008
3185:2010
3157:2010
3124:2010
3098:2010
3085:Edge
3065:2010
3035:2008
3007:2020
2953:2010
2926:2010
2889:ISBN
2870:2010
2857:Edge
2837:2010
2811:2010
2745:2018
2717:2010
2664:ISBN
2613:2010
2600:Edge
2580:2010
2551:2010
2525:2010
2495:2010
2469:2010
2438:2010
2354:2009
2326:EMAP
2305:2010
2256:2023
2214:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2126:Flux
2084:Tilt
2059:ISBN
1958:2015
1932:2021
1906:2021
1879:2021
1852:2021
1825:2021
1798:2015
1694:2010
1637:2020
1557:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1448:2010
1356:ISBN
1306:2021
1277:2021
1250:EMAP
1095:MOBA
1093:and
1057:and
763:Flux
743:Tilt
689:and
687:Frak
682:Bolo
482:and
441:and
205:1984
153:Lynx
3254:UGO
3227:".
3202:".
3116:IGN
2914:IGN
2738:IGN
2631:IGN
2573:IGN
2544:IGN
2488:IGN
2380:).
2210:231
2055:385
1723:).
1666:).
1610:).
1091:RTS
1025:of
929:on
656:by
640:Mac
565:bug
520:ROM
283:née
274:.
169:NES
165:Mac
3331::
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194::
185::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
