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653:, on the way to Mexico rather than risk the flag falling into the hands of the Federals. The event is depicted in a painting displayed at the Eagle Pass City Hall. For their determination not to surrender, Shelby's men were immortalized as "the undefeated". A later verse appended to the post-war Confederate anthem "The Unreconstructed Rebel" commemorates the defiance of Shelby and his men:
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Shelby's leadership in the
Missouri–Kansas border war damaged his business ventures and partnership with his stepbrother, Henry Howard Gratz. In December 1855, their new sawmill burned, and evidence suggested the use of an incendiary. The mill was uninsured and losses exceeded $ 9,000. Gratz returned
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described as ironic because it militarizes the assertion of power like the original treason in the
Confederacy. The pass is known as the "grave of the Confederacy". Shelby and his men buried their Battle Flags on the North bank of the Rio Grande before entering Mexico according to the famous Texas
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during the March 30, 1855 election of the Kansas territorial legislature. Many
Missourians without residence in the territory voted illegally in the election. This was partially achieved through intimidation of election judges, who were prevented from administering residency oaths. Additionally,
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paid for
Northern abolitionists to move to Kansas. As a response, the Blue Lodge, a quasi-Masonic organization, was formed by leading Missourians. This group was dedicated to making Kansas a slave state. JO Shelby was a leading member. Shelby's first direct involvement in Kansas was at
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forces and capturing or destroying an estimated $ 2 million (~$ 38.9 million in 2023) worth of federal supplies and property. He was promoted to brigadier-general on
December 15, 1863, following the successful conclusion of his raid.
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367:, to one of the state's wealthiest and most influential families. He lost his father at age five and was raised by a stepfather, Benjamin Gratz, who was a member of wealthy Lexington elite. Shelby attended
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681:. The grant was revoked two years later following the collapse of the empire and Maximilan's execution. The memory of Shelby and his men as "The Undefeated" is used as a basis for the 1969
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of March 23 – May 2, 1864 was largely due to Shelby's brilliant and determined harassment, in concert with other
Confederate forces. Steele's men were forced to retreat to
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Shelby formed the
Lafayette County Mounted Rifles for Missouri State Guard service and was elected the company's captain, leading it into battle at
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on May 10. The promotion was never formalized, however, due to the collapse of the
Confederate government. Shelby's adjutant at the time was
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with variations by Ry Cooder for the 1980 film, "The Long Riders": http://www.rycooder.nl/pages/ry_cooder_the_long_riders_chords_lyrics.htm
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On July 22, 1857, Shelby married
Elizabeth Nancy Shelby (daughter of his first cousin), in a grand steamboat wedding and honeymoon trip to
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Shelby and other
Missourians harassed several abolitionists attempting to vote, although they were generally not prevented from doing so.
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2013:
730:, remarked, “Shelby was the best cavalry general of the South. Under other conditions, he would have been one of the best in the world.”
513:. Between September 22 and November 3, 1863, Shelby's brigade traveled 1,500 miles through Missouri, inflicting over 1,000 casualties on
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and maneuvered to take the state out of the Union. The resulting friction between State and Federal militias vying for control of the
871:"An Act to Provide for the Organization, Government, and Support of the Military Forces, State of Missouri." 21st General Assembly,
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as a "foreign legion". Maximilian declined to accept the ex-Confederates into his armed forces, but he did grant them land for the
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Shelby returned to Missouri in 1867 and resumed farming. In 1883, Shelby was a critical witness for fellow ex-Confederate
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In June 1865, rather than surrender, Shelby and approximately 1,000 of his remaining troops rode south into
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for the Western District of Missouri in 1893, and retained this position until his death. He appointed an
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O'Flaherty, Daniel C. "General Jo Shelby:Undefeated Rebel," (University of North Carolina Press) 1954;
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to office, which led to "bitter feeling among some of his neighbors". Shelby defended his actions.
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Ranger and Cavalry Officer Colonel Alexander Watkins Terrell who was present at the crossing.
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to Lexington, Kentucky, and Shelby auctioned off the business in February 1860.
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914:; The Arkansas News; at "The Old Statehouse" online; accessed September 2015.
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Fallen Guidon: The Saga of Confederate General Jo Shelby's March to Mexico
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Good Government, Official Journal of the National Civil Service Reform
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505:" of Missouri volunteers on what was at the time the longest cavalry
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Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War
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to do so. After successfully bringing the regiment safely back to
1021:. Washington and New York: Washington Office and Editorial Rooms.
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1226:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 1995.
1172:, University of Texas Press, pp. 37–55, December 31, 2004,
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in Kansas City. A Union General who had fought against Shelby,
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until the defeat of the French, then abandoned the operation.
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by the destruction or capture of their supply trains at the
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754:. Known as Betty (or Betsy), she was much younger than he.
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1290:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019.
1141:"General "Jo" Shelby and His Great Raid through Missouri"
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Joseph Orville Shelby was born on December 12, 1830, in
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Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders
1166:"Chapter Three Civil War, Mexico, and Reconstruction"
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629:) was largely responsible for creating the legend of
327:(December 12, 1830 – February 13, 1897) was a senior
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I won't be reconstructed, I'm better now than then.
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Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
662:So it's forward to the frontier, soon as I can go.
525:Portrait of Brigadier-General Joseph O. Shelby by
1322:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
645:. Reportedly, Shelby sank his battle flag in the
351:. With the Emperor's permission, Shelby formed a
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1256:Ride Around Missouri: Shelby's Great Raid 1863.
832:Ride Around Missouri: Shelby's Great Raid 1863
664:I'll fix me up a weapon and start for Mexico.
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904:Confederates Sink Ironclad near DeValls Bluff
834:. Oxford, Eng.: Osprey Publishing. p. 5.
568:. He distinguished himself at the battles of
2122:People of Missouri in the American Civil War
660:And for a Carpetbagger I do not give a damn.
2107:Military personnel from Lexington, Kentucky
1244:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
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27:Confederate States Army general (1830–1897)
2092:Confederate States Army brigadier generals
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789:"The State Historical Society of Missouri"
699:at James' trial. Shelby was appointed the
375:manufacturer until 1852. He then moved to
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961:Casellas, Roberto (January–March 1993).
960:
677:, an American settlement in Mexico near
669:The plan was to offer their services to
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930:The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865
769:List of people from Lexington, Kentucky
633:and his fellow Confederate guerrillas.
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2117:People from Lafayette County, Missouri
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1258:Osprey Publishing: Oxford, Eng., 2011.
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459:and the creation of the pro-secession
353:colony of Confederate exiles in Mexico
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737:was named after him, which historian
501:In the fall of 1863, Shelby led his "
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2019:
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963:"Confederate colonization of Mexico"
623:, who years later (as editor of the
531:State Historical Society of Missouri
439:Following the Confederate attack on
923:
764:List of American Civil War generals
24:
2112:People from Bates County, Missouri
1489:Missouri in the American Civil War
1379:Works by or about Joseph O. Shelby
1340:Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961.
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997:Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961.
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2102:Deaths from pneumonia in Missouri
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926:"Civil War on the Western Border"
443:in April 1861, Missouri Governor
2018:
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408:New England Emigrant Aid Company
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1276:New York: Facts On File, 1988.
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486:cavalry regiment, returning to
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2142:Transylvania University alumni
2062:19th-century American planters
2057:American expatriates in Mexico
1109:. February 13, 1897. p. 1
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498:of newly recruited regiments.
478:. In 1862, he was promoted to
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2067:American proslavery activists
1311:from History of U.S. Marshals
1274:Who Was Who in the Civil War.
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449:Lincoln's call for volunteers
147:Confederate States of America
1338:A Dynasty of Western Outlaws
995:A Dynasty of Western Outlaws
884:O'Flaherty, pp. Forward (xi)
724:Forest Hill Calvary Cemetery
494:, he was given command of a
482:and authorized to recruit a
93:Forest Hill Calvary Cemetery
7:
1555:Price's Missouri Expedition
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718:, in 1897. He is buried in
566:Price's Missouri Expedition
278:Price's Missouri Expedition
78:February 13, 1897 (aged 66)
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1015:Leupp, Francis E. (1894).
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1364:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1242:Civil War High Commands.
1206:O'Flaherty, pp 28, 47–50
1101:"General Shelby At Rest"
830:McLachlan, Sean (2011).
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406:of 1854 was passed, the
359:Early life and education
253:Battle of Wilson's Creek
48:Shelby in uniform, 1860s
2087:Confederate expatriates
1513:Harney–Price Convention
1508:Capture of Camp Jackson
1307:March 27, 2005, at the
1076:"Joseph Orville Shelby"
893:O'Flaherty, pp. 209-211
611:in April 1865, General
607:'s army surrendered in
537:In 1864, Union General
369:Transylvania University
333:Confederate States Army
263:Battle of Prairie Grove
184:Confederate States Army
119:39.001944°N 94.570222°W
2147:United States Marshals
924:Philips, Christopher.
853:O'Flaherty, pp. 15, 41
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551:Battle of Marks' Mills
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379:, where he engaged in
294:Elizabeth Nancy Shelby
81:Bates County, Missouri
2132:Shelby's Iron Brigade
2097:Farmers from Missouri
1593:Battle of Dug Springs
1236:Eicher, John H., and
844:O'Flaherty, pp. 33-40
690:film by the same name
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445:Claiborne Fox Jackson
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198:Years of service
124:39.001944; -94.570222
97:Kansas City, Missouri
57:Joseph Orville Shelby
18:Joseph Orville Shelby
1106:The Kansas City Star
793:Historic Missourians
598:California, Missouri
461:Missouri State Guard
345:Emperor Maximilian I
188:Missouri State Guard
2077:Burials in Missouri
1269:; republished, 2000
1042:General J.O. Shelby
1040:February 14, 1897.
820:, pp. 273–274.
799:on January 15, 2019
675:New Virginia Colony
621:John Newman Edwards
615:appointed Shelby a
555:Clarendon, Arkansas
457:Camp Jackson affair
404:Kansas-Nebraska Act
365:Lexington, Kentucky
258:Battle of Pea Ridge
115: /
68:Lexington, Kentucky
2127:Refugees in Mexico
2082:Cavalry commanders
1618:Blue Mills Landing
1416:American Civil War
1272:Sifakis, Stewart.
1221:Davis, Edwin Adams
1178:10.7560/702974-005
1145:Legends of America
1080:The Civil War Muse
1031:O'Flaherty, p. 395
910:2006-11-02 at the
671:Emperor Maximilian
613:Edmund Kirby Smith
541:'s failure in the
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424:American Civil War
248:Battle of Carthage
243:American Civil War
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1850:John S. Marmaduke
1808:(by city or town)
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1643:Mount Zion Church
1336:Wellman, Paul I.
1329:978-0-8071-0823-9
1296:978-1-4696-4972-6
1286:Silkenat, David.
1282:978-0-8160-1055-4
1254:McLachlan, Sean.
1250:978-0-8047-3641-1
1187:978-0-292-79728-4
993:Wellman, Paul I.
862:O'Flaherty, p. 46
735:Eagle Pass, Texas
728:Alfred Pleasonton
714:at his farm near
679:CĂłrdoba, Veracruz
651:Eagle Pass, Texas
649:near present-day
626:Kansas City Times
570:Little Blue River
543:Camden Expedition
453:St. Louis Arsenal
377:Waverly, Missouri
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65:December 12, 1830
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1232:978-0890966846
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1199:
1186:
1157:
1139:Weaver, Mark.
1131:
1119:Newspapers.com
1092:
1064:
1062:, p. 274.
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873:Jefferson City
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472:Wilson's Creek
425:
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399:
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385:Missouri River
360:
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335:who commanded
317:Joseph Orville
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1550:Shelby's Raid
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746:Personal life
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617:major general
614:
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605:Robert E. Lee
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527:Edward Savage
523:
519:
516:
512:
511:Shelby's Raid
508:
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477:
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271:
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268:Shelby's Raid
266:
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82:
77:
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69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2024:
1930:Island Mound
1859:
1791:2nd Newtonia
1699:Clark's Mill
1694:Island Mound
1689:1st Newtonia
1669:Moore's Mill
1374:Find a Grave
1362:
1337:
1319:
1287:
1273:
1255:
1241:
1223:
1202:
1191:, retrieved
1169:
1160:
1150:September 4,
1148:. Retrieved
1144:
1134:
1117:– via
1111:. Retrieved
1104:
1095:
1085:September 4,
1083:. Retrieved
1079:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1017:
1010:
994:
989:
977:. Retrieved
969:
956:
945:
933:. Retrieved
929:
919:
903:
898:
889:
880:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
825:
813:
801:. Retrieved
797:the original
792:
783:
749:
732:
709:
701:U.S. Marshal
694:
668:
657:
640:
624:
602:
560:
536:
509:of the war,
503:Iron Brigade
500:
465:
438:
433:
418:
401:
381:steamboating
362:
324:
320:
316:
315:
236:Battles/wars
110:94°34′12.8″W
107:39°00′07.0″N
29:
2052:1897 deaths
2047:1830 births
1843:Confederate
1805:Involvement
1766:Little Blue
1730:Chalk Bluff
1529:Confederacy
1404:Agriculture
1060:Warner 1959
979:January 27,
935:October 27,
818:Warner 1959
803:October 27,
739:Jeremi Suri
720:Kansas City
697:Frank James
687:Rock Hudson
637:Later years
631:Jesse James
547:Little Rock
484:Confederate
455:led to the
441:Fort Sumter
347:during the
122: /
2041:Categories
1964:Cemeteries
1674:Kirksville
1664:New Madrid
1522:Combatants
1214:References
1193:August 13,
1113:October 8,
683:John Wayne
647:Rio Grande
561:Queen City
434:Queen City
392:plantation
371:and was a
204:1861 (MSG)
135:Allegiance
54:Birth name
1939:Newtonia
1935:Lexington
1908:memorials
1899:Aftermath
1827:St. Louis
1817:Centralia
1720:Hartville
1684:Lone Jack
1583:Cole Camp
1578:Boonville
1543:Campaigns
1428:Biography
1302:Biography
752:St. Louis
712:pneumonia
594:Lexington
582:Boonville
559:USS
476:Pea Ridge
402:When the
289:Spouse(s)
2014:Category
1920:Carthage
1781:Westport
1776:Big Blue
1588:Carthage
1318:(1959).
1305:Archived
908:Archived
758:See also
609:Virginia
590:Stockton
574:Westport
492:Arkansas
468:Carthage
447:refused
432:The USS
413:Lawrence
226:Commands
167:Service/
159:Missouri
2025:Commons
1836:Leaders
1822:Osceola
1756:Glasgow
1751:Sedalia
1633:Belmont
1564:Battles
1496:Origins
1390:Portals
1381:at the
1346:2095765
1003:2095765
586:Waverly
496:brigade
480:colonel
383:on the
339:in the
337:cavalry
331:of the
329:officer
309:
301:
297:
1915:Athens
1598:Athens
1452:Mexico
1344:
1326:
1294:
1280:
1265:
1248:
1230:
1184:
1001:
875:, 1861
643:Mexico
603:After
596:, and
578:Potosi
474:, and
325:Shelby
181:
169:branch
144:
99:, U.S.
88:Buried
83:, U.S.
70:, U.S.
1869:Union
1534:Union
966:(PDF)
775:Notes
515:Union
303:(
299:
221:(CSA)
1739:1864
1708:1863
1652:1862
1571:1861
1342:OCLC
1324:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1195:2024
1182:ISBN
1152:2022
1115:2022
1087:2022
999:OCLC
981:2024
974:UNAM
937:2017
805:2017
572:and
507:raid
389:hemp
373:rope
321:J.O.
215:Rank
75:Died
62:Born
1440:Law
1372:at
1361:at
1174:doi
722:in
2043::
1240:,
1180:,
1168:,
1143:.
1103:.
1078:.
1067:^
1044:,
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305:m.
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1176::
1154:.
1121:.
1089:.
1005:.
983:.
939:.
807:.
685:–
533:)
529:(
319:"
190:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
