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Josef Kates

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226:. Kates was deported to Canada where he remained interned for almost two years until he and most of his fellow Jewish internees were recognised by the government as "victims of Nazi aggression" and released. At the camps in New Brunswick and Quebec, Kates fished, worked as a lumberjack, knitted socks and studied for his high school diploma through 326:
Kates founded and became the President of KCS Ltd in Toronto between 1954 and 1966, which merged with the consulting arm of Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. to become Kates, Peat, Marwick & Co. in Canada, with other corporations in the US and the UK, for which he acted as a co-managing partner.
339:. Setak's employee Barry W. Ramer later went on to found Barry W. Ramer & Partners Ltd. and Ramer Data Consulting Ltd. Management Consulting in Calgary Alberta. In 1974 he founded Josef Kates Associates Inc., for which he acted as president. 230:'s high school matriculation program, placing first in Quebec's province-wide exams. After his release in 1942, he moved to Toronto where he met Lillian Kroch, marrying her in 1944. They had four children: Louis, Naomi, Celina and Philip A. 293:), for the next four years in the development and manufacturing of radar and radio tubes. He then began work in 1948 at the University of Toronto Computation Centre, where he participated in the design and building of 1778: 1138: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 312:, with adjustable difficulty levels. The game machine controlled the lighting of an overhead display to show the progress of the game, and was built using a special electron tube, the 1072: 1057: 360:
His wife, Lillian Kroch, died of cancer in 1993 after almost 50 years of marriage. In 1995, Kates married his second wife, Kay Hill. Kates died in Toronto on June 16, 2018.
274: 576: 1788: 1017: 702: 1421: 741: 316:, which Kates had invented. The Additron Tube did the work of ten existing radio tubes, reducing the size and complexity of the machine. With the advent of 796: 758: 198:-Jewish family, Josef Kates was the son of Baruch (Bernard) and Anna Katz (née Entenberg). His parents ran a grocery store and an import-export business in 831: 777: 681: 814: 347: 234: 1783: 1159: 951: 629: 434: 351: 1133: 1128: 1022: 996: 991: 986: 1027: 34: 1414: 1198: 1193: 1174: 1164: 1067: 1062: 1052: 1001: 976: 1798: 1237: 981: 183: 1803: 1768: 1758: 1753: 1407: 1373: 1227: 1077: 663: 558: 532: 491: 327:
He served as a computer consultant to many Canadian and American firms and organizations. He was involved in the creation of
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Effects of the cultural capital in careers of young Austrian refugees in Canada. A biographical approach to their life
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In 2014, at the age of 93, Kates designed a proposed improvement for Toronto Transit Commission subway system.
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but, before he could see service, he and other Germans and Austrians resident in Britain were interned as
1773: 1612: 1232: 1105: 1100: 286: 178:, (May 5, 1921 – June 16, 2018) was a Canadian engineer whose achievements include designing the first 1596: 343: 290: 323:
Kates also designed Toronto's automated traffic signalling system in 1954 - the first in the world.
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Serie: Canadiana - Literaturen/Kulturen, Literatures/Cultures, vol. 12. Peter Lang, Berne 2013
372: 38: 1588: 1547: 346:, and served as its chairman from 1975 to 1978. Kates was also chairman, CEO and director of 332: 320:, which were much smaller and required less power, the tube was not put into commercial use. 250: 159: 369:
Canadian Good Roads Association (now Transportation Association of Canada (1957: best paper)
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Cultural Challenges of Migration in Canada- Les défis culturels de la migration au Canada.
8: 1702: 1494: 1388: 900: 630:"Josef Kates, 97, was a visionary scientist who believed computers ‘could do everything’" 411:
Intelligent Transportation systems association of Canada Lifetime achievement Award, 2013
282: 1682: 1087: 879: 742:"Josef Kates Found Ways to Unsnarl Traffic and Solve Business Problems With Computers" 1580: 1459: 1337: 1280: 1222: 921: 659: 554: 528: 474: 242: 227: 155: 88: 1556: 1511: 1452: 1290: 1120: 782: 763: 301: 706: 405: 1677: 1631: 1482: 1305: 1295: 686: 1737: 1692: 1667: 1332: 1244: 313: 83: 1717: 1662: 1326: 1285: 1270: 801: 723:"Bertie the Brain Still Lives. The story of the world's first arcade game." 456:"Detour to Canada". The fate of juvenil Austrian-jewish refugees after the 219: 214:
in 1938 and then, in 1939, joined the rest of his family which had fled to
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Kates also built the first digital game playing machine, the 13-foot tall
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Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United Kingdom
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Bloomsbury, London 2016 (Interviews with Kates and 3 other persons)
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pp 175 – 193 (relying on interviews with Kates and Josef Eisinger)
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equipment until he left in 1944. He then spent time working for
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Doctor of Mathematics (DMath) (University of Waterloo) (2005)
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Canadian Association of Management Consultants (1994: Fellow)
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Ottawa Needs to be Positive for Industry to Compete: Kates
375:(Waterloo: 1979-85, Chancellor; 1993: Chancellor Emeritus) 700:"The Ten Most Important Early Computer and Video Games" 297:, the first pilot model of a computer built in Canada. 281:in 1942, and was in charge of precision optics for 1160:Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing 682:Bertie the Brain Programmer Heads Science Council 440:Canadian Board of the Weizmann Institute (Israel) 1735: 1789:Fellows of the Engineering Institute of Canada 469:, in Klaus-Dieter Ertler, Patrick Imbert ed.: 395:Engineering Institute of Canada (1990: Fellow) 1415: 945: 525:A History of the Austrian Migration to Canada 609:"Computer pioneer named to Order of Canada" 577:"Computer pioneer named to Order of Canada" 519: 517: 515: 513: 511: 509: 507: 354:(1996–1997) followed until his retirement. 189: 1422: 1408: 1175:Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games 959: 952: 938: 737: 735: 650: 648: 646: 644: 642: 249:: 1941, junior and senior matriculation); 1784:Chancellors of the University of Waterloo 1165:Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research 1043:Environment, Resources and Sustainability 805:, February 11, 1978, retrieved 2010-10-31 767:, February 26, 1966, retrieved 2010-10-31 676: 674: 672: 273:Kates started his career working for the 182:machine, and the world's first automated 840:, January 18, 1982, retrieved 2010-10-31 625: 623: 621: 545: 543: 541: 504: 1038:Environment, Enterprise and Development 770: 732: 690:, October 8, 1975, retrieved 2010-10-31 639: 604: 602: 1736: 824: 751: 669: 450:Simone Gigliotti, Monica Tempian ed.: 1403: 933: 880:"Appointments to the Order of Canada" 789: 618: 571: 569: 567: 538: 492:List of University of Waterloo people 194:Born the fifth of six children in an 797:Economic Summit a very vital meeting 786:, June 9, 1978, retrieved 2010-10-31 599: 583:. September 30, 2011. Archived from 452:The young victims of the Nazi regime 656:Who's Who in Canadian Business 2001 13: 564: 444: 424:(member of the Board of Governors) 329:Setak Computer Services Corp. Ltd. 304:, which was exhibited at the 1950 14: 1815: 1446:Cathode-ray tube amusement device 1194:Undergraduate Student Association 713:, by Jaz Rignall, March 23, 2017. 342:In 1968, he was appointed to the 1073:Public Health and Health Systems 415: 1170:Institute for Quantum Computing 1048:Interaction Design and Business 872: 843: 808: 658:, University of Toronto Press, 553:, University of Toronto Press, 523:Engelmann, Frederick C. (1996) 387:Engineering Institute of Canada 1799:Members of the Order of Canada 716: 693: 611:. Sep 30, 2011 by Lisa Queen, 551:Canadian Who's Who 2004: v. 39 431:(member of the Canadian Board) 422:Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto) 1: 1033:Entrepreneurship and Business 654:Holmes, Gillian (ed.) (2001) 527:, Carleton University Press, 497: 1804:University of Toronto alumni 1769:Canadian computer scientists 1759:Burroughs Corporation people 1754:Austrian emigrants to Canada 1431:Early history of video games 1058:Optometry and Vision Science 759:The Phony Ogre of Automation 729:, By Matt Blitz, Nov 2, 2016 308:. The game was a version of 306:Canadian National Exhibition 7: 1764:Businesspeople from Ontario 832:Benefits of Computers Cited 485: 10: 1820: 1439:Analog and lightbulb games 1374:Notable alumni and faculty 363: 287:Rogers Vacuum Tube Company 1650: 1623: 1546: 1493: 1438: 1366: 1314: 1253: 1215: 1186: 1147: 1119: 1086: 1010: 969: 918: 905: 897: 892: 757:McLean, James W. (1966) " 680:Simmons, Marlene (1975) " 549:Lumley, Elizabeth (2004) 392:Julian Smith Medal (1977) 344:Science Council of Canada 291:Royal Philips Electronics 268: 165: 147: 127: 104: 99: 95: 80:President/Vice Chancellor 79: 67: 55: 44: 32: 28: 21: 1794:McGill University alumni 1155:Museum of Vision Science 632:. Susan Ferrier MacKay, 454:, ch. 2: Andrea Strutz, 275:Imperial Optical Company 257:: 1944-1948, Honours in 218:. Kates enlisted in the 190:Early life and education 1698:Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. 1673:John Makepeace Bennett 1018:Accounting and Finance 962:University of Waterloo 912:University of Waterloo 817:. By Laura KaneStaff, 373:University of Waterloo 39:University of Waterloo 1548:Early mainframe games 1053:International Affairs 855:archives.concordia.ca 587:on September 24, 2015 427:Technion University, 251:University of Toronto 160:University of Toronto 1495:Early Chess programs 1353:Feridun Hamdullahpur 1348:David Lloyd Johnston 744:. James R. Hagerty, 380:Concordia University 335:computers, e.g. the 180:digital game-playing 1703:William Higinbotham 1271:Carl Arthur Pollock 1199:Engineering Society 901:Carl Arthur Pollock 795:Cohen, Bob (1978) " 746:Wall Street Journal 350:. (1977–1996), and 283:Royal Canadian Navy 233:He was educated at 1774:Canadian engineers 1683:David Champernowne 1624:First arcade games 1238:Women's ice hockey 1121:Satellite campuses 705:2020-11-21 at the 634:The Globe and Mail 613:North York Mirror 184:traffic signalling 1731: 1730: 1581:The Sumerian Game 1397: 1396: 1338:Douglas T. Wright 1281:J. Page Wadsworth 1223:Waterloo Warriors 1208: 1179: 928: 927: 922:J. Page Wadsworth 919:Succeeded by 893:Academic offices 727:Popular Mechanics 664:978-0-920966-60-0 581:North York Mirror 559:978-0-8020-8892-5 533:978-0-88629-283-6 348:Teleride Sage Ltd 243:McGill University 235:Goethe-Realschule 228:McGill University 169: 168: 156:McGill University 153:Goethe-Realschule 89:Douglas T. Wright 16:Canadian engineer 1811: 1512:Los Alamos Chess 1453:Bertie the Brain 1424: 1417: 1410: 1401: 1400: 1228:Men's basketball 1206: 1177: 1028:Computer Science 963: 954: 947: 940: 931: 930: 898:Preceded by 890: 889: 884: 883: 882:. June 30, 2011. 876: 870: 869: 867: 866: 857:. Archived from 847: 841: 828: 822: 821:, March 31, 2014 812: 806: 793: 787: 783:Montreal Gazette 774: 768: 764:Montreal Gazette 755: 749: 739: 730: 720: 714: 697: 691: 678: 667: 652: 637: 627: 616: 606: 597: 596: 594: 592: 573: 562: 547: 536: 521: 302:Bertie the Brain 202:. Kates fled to 134: 114: 112: 100:Personal details 70: 58: 49: 19: 18: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1646: 1619: 1542: 1489: 1434: 1428: 1398: 1393: 1384:Transit station 1362: 1310: 1249: 1211: 1182: 1143: 1115: 1082: 1006: 965: 961: 958: 924: 915: 903: 888: 887: 878: 877: 873: 864: 862: 849: 848: 844: 829: 825: 813: 809: 794: 790: 775: 771: 756: 752: 748:, July 27, 2018 740: 733: 721: 717: 707:Wayback Machine 698: 694: 679: 670: 653: 640: 636:, July 6, 2018. 628: 619: 607: 600: 590: 588: 575: 574: 565: 548: 539: 522: 505: 500: 488: 465:Andrea Strutz: 447: 445:Further reading 418: 406:Order of Canada 385:Medal from the 366: 271: 192: 158: 154: 136: 132: 116: 110: 108: 87: 68: 56: 50: 45: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1817: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1678:Nolan Bushnell 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1636: 1632:Computer Space 1627: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1609: 1601: 1593: 1585: 1577: 1569: 1561: 1552: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1532: 1524: 1516: 1508: 1499: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1487: 1483:Tennis for Two 1479: 1471: 1463: 1457: 1449: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1427: 1426: 1419: 1412: 1404: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1306:Dominic Barton 1303: 1298: 1296:Mike Lazaridis 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1266:Ira G. Needles 1263: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1201: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1125: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1111:United College 1108: 1103: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 973: 971: 967: 966: 957: 956: 949: 942: 934: 926: 925: 920: 917: 904: 899: 895: 894: 886: 885: 871: 842: 823: 807: 788: 769: 750: 731: 715: 692: 687:Ottawa Citizen 668: 638: 617: 598: 563: 537: 502: 501: 499: 496: 495: 494: 487: 484: 483: 482: 463: 446: 443: 442: 441: 438: 432: 425: 417: 414: 413: 412: 409: 404:Member of the 402: 399: 396: 393: 390: 383: 376: 370: 365: 362: 270: 267: 241:: 1931-1938); 206:to escape the 191: 188: 167: 166: 163: 162: 151: 145: 144: 135:(aged 97) 129: 125: 124: 106: 102: 101: 97: 96: 93: 92: 81: 77: 76: 71: 65: 64: 59: 53: 52: 42: 41: 30: 29: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1816: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1713:Steve Russell 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1693:Sandy Douglas 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333:Burt Matthews 1331: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1291:Val O'Donovan 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1246: 1245:Warrior Field 1243: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1148:Organizations 1146: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1096:Conrad Grebel 1094: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 974: 972: 968: 964: 955: 950: 948: 943: 941: 936: 935: 932: 923: 914: 913: 909: 902: 896: 891: 881: 875: 861:on 2015-10-02 860: 856: 852: 846: 839: 838: 833: 827: 820: 816: 811: 804: 803: 798: 792: 785: 784: 779: 773: 766: 765: 760: 754: 747: 743: 738: 736: 728: 724: 719: 712: 708: 704: 701: 696: 689: 688: 683: 677: 675: 673: 665: 661: 657: 651: 649: 647: 645: 643: 635: 631: 626: 624: 622: 614: 610: 605: 603: 586: 582: 578: 572: 570: 568: 560: 556: 552: 546: 544: 542: 534: 530: 526: 520: 518: 516: 514: 512: 510: 508: 503: 493: 490: 489: 480: 479:9783631626344 476: 472: 468: 464: 461: 459: 453: 449: 448: 439: 436: 433: 430: 426: 423: 420: 419: 416:Organizations 410: 407: 403: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 384: 381: 377: 374: 371: 368: 367: 361: 358: 355: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 324: 321: 319: 315: 314:Additron Tube 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 187: 185: 181: 177: 173: 164: 161: 157: 152: 150: 146: 143: 139: 131:June 16, 2018 130: 126: 123: 119: 107: 103: 98: 94: 90: 85: 84:Burt Matthews 82: 78: 75: 72: 66: 63: 60: 54: 48: 43: 40: 36: 31: 27: 20: 1718:Ken Thompson 1707: 1638: 1630: 1611: 1605:Lunar Lander 1603: 1597:Space Travel 1595: 1587: 1579: 1571: 1563: 1555: 1534: 1526: 1518: 1510: 1502: 1481: 1473: 1465: 1451: 1379:Midnight Sun 1343:James Downey 1327:Howard Petch 1286:Sylvia Ostry 1275: 1187:Student life 1106:St. Jerome's 1023:Architecture 906: 874: 863:. 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Retrieved 585:the original 580: 550: 524: 470: 466: 455: 451: 435:Donalda Club 359: 356: 352:IRD Teleride 341: 328: 325: 322: 299: 272: 232: 224:enemy aliens 220:British Army 193: 175: 171: 170: 133:(2018-06-16) 74:Sylvia Ostry 69:Succeeded by 62:Carl Pollock 46: 1749:2018 deaths 1744:1921 births 1723:Alan Turing 1708:Josef Kates 1658:Mabel Addis 1640:Galaxy Game 1433:(1947-1971) 1322:Gerry Hagey 1276:Josef Kates 1261:Dana Porter 1254:Chancellors 1078:Social Work 997:Mathematics 992:Environment 987:Engineering 837:Leader-Post 318:transistors 310:Tic-tac-toe 259:Mathematics 172:Josef Kates 115:May 5, 1921 91:(1981-1985) 86:(1979-1981) 57:Preceded by 23:Josef Kates 1738:Categories 1688:Ted Dabney 1668:Ralph Baer 1467:Carmonette 1358:Vivek Goel 1315:Presidents 1301:Prem Watsa 916:1979–1985 908:Chancellor 865:2016-04-11 666:, p. 421-2 498:References 210:after the 176:Josef Katz 149:Alma mater 111:1921-05-05 35:Chancellor 1663:David Ahl 1613:Star Trek 1573:Marienbad 1565:Spacewar! 1504:Turochamp 1329:(pro tem) 1216:Athletics 1139:Stratford 1134:Cambridge 1129:Kitchener 970:Faculties 458:Anschluss 437:(Toronto) 333:Burroughs 212:Anschluss 51:1979–1985 47:In office 1589:Hamurabi 1475:Hutspiel 1233:Football 1207:(former) 1178:(former) 1088:Colleges 1068:Planning 1063:Pharmacy 711:US Gamer 703:Archived 561:, p. 669 535:, p. 184 486:See also 460:of 1938. 247:Montreal 196:Austrian 186:system. 1389:Imprint 1204:CKMS-FM 1101:Renison 1011:Schools 1002:Science 910:of the 591:May 23, 382:: 1981) 378:LL.D. ( 364:Honours 289:, (now 279:Toronto 263:Physics 255:Toronto 216:England 174:, born 142:Ontario 138:Toronto 122:Austria 37:of the 1651:People 1643:(1971) 1635:(1971) 1616:(1971) 1608:(1969) 1600:(1969) 1592:(1968) 1584:(1964) 1576:(1962) 1568:(1962) 1560:(1952) 1539:(1970) 1531:(1968) 1523:(1967) 1520:Kaissa 1515:(1956) 1507:(1948) 1486:(1958) 1478:(1955) 1470:(1953) 1462:(1951) 1460:Nimrod 1456:(1950) 1448:(1947) 977:Health 662:  557:  531:  477:  429:Israel 408:(2011) 389:(1970) 269:Career 239:Vienna 200:Vienna 118:Vienna 1536:Chess 1528:Blitz 1367:Other 337:B5500 208:Nazis 204:Italy 982:Arts 660:ISBN 593:2014 555:ISBN 529:ISBN 475:ISBN 295:UTEC 261:and 128:Died 105:Born 33:4th 1557:OXO 834:", 799:", 780:", 761:", 684:", 277:of 1740:: 853:. 734:^ 725:. 709:. 671:^ 641:^ 620:^ 601:^ 579:. 566:^ 540:^ 506:^ 140:, 120:, 1423:e 1416:t 1409:v 953:e 946:t 939:v 868:. 830:" 776:" 615:. 595:. 253:( 245:( 237:( 113:) 109:(

Index

Chancellor
University of Waterloo
Carl Pollock
Sylvia Ostry
Burt Matthews
Douglas T. Wright
Vienna
Austria
Toronto
Ontario
Alma mater
McGill University
University of Toronto
digital game-playing
traffic signalling
Austrian
Vienna
Italy
Nazis
Anschluss
England
British Army
enemy aliens
McGill University
Goethe-Realschule
Vienna
McGill University
Montreal
University of Toronto
Toronto

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