José Raúl Capablanca

7741: 859: 715:(10½). During this event, Capablanca proposed the "London Rules" to regulate future World Championship negotiations: the first player to win six games would win the match; playing sessions would be limited to 5 hours; the time limit would be 40 moves in 2½ hours; the champion must defend his title within one year of receiving a challenge from a recognized master; the champion would decide the date of the match; the champion was not obliged to accept a challenge for a purse of less than US$ 10,000 (about $ 260,000 in 2006 terms); 20% of the purse was to be paid to the title holder and the remainder divided, 60% to the winner of the match, and 40% to the loser; the highest purse bid must be accepted. Alekhine, 3045: 2408: 2572:(8½) and Marshall (8). This tournament had an unusual structure: there was a preliminary tournament in which eleven players played each other player once; the top five players then played a separate final tournament in which each player who made the "cut" played the other finalists twice; but their scores from the preliminary tournament were carried forward. Even the preliminary tournament would now be considered a "super-tournament". Capablanca "won" the preliminary tournament by 1½ points without losing a game, but Lasker achieved a plus score against all his opponents in the final tournament and finished with a combined score ½ point ahead of Capablanca's. 833:. Alekhine's victory surprised almost the entire chess world. After Capablanca's death, Alekhine expressed surprise at his own victory, since in 1927 he had not thought he was superior to Capablanca, and he suggested that Capablanca had been overconfident. Capablanca entered the match with no technical or physical preparation, while Alekhine got himself into good physical condition and had thoroughly studied Capablanca's play. According to Kasparov, Alekhine's research uncovered many small inaccuracies, which occurred because Capablanca was unwilling to concentrate intensely. 314: 633: 50: 241: 696: 2991: 2934: 2874: 932:. Hollander asks Capablanca for his views on the upcoming world Championship match between Euwe and Alekhine in October of that year (1935). Capablanca replies: "Dr. Alekhine's game is 20% bluff. Dr. Euwe's game is clear and straightforward. Dr. Euwe's game—not so strong as Alekhine's in some respects—is more evenly balanced." Then Euwe gives his assessment in Dutch, explaining that his feelings alternated from optimism to pessimism, but in the previous ten years, their score had been evenly matched at 7–7. 3282: 3197: 2767: 3438: 3306: 3254: 3221: 3158: 3100: 3074: 2961: 2705: 2668: 806: 465: 3408: 3127: 2839: 2798: 2736: 2637: 2610: 2583: 2512: 2454: 2382: 2352: 789:, Nimzowitsch and Marshall, with Bogoljubow and Lasker absent. Before the tournament, Capablanca wrote that he had "more experience but less power" than in 1911, that he had peaked in 1919 and that some of his competitors had become stronger in the meantime. But Capablanca had overwhelming success: he finished undefeated with 14/20, winning the mini-matches with each of his rivals, 2½ points ahead of second-place Alekhine, and won the "best game" prize for a win over Spielmann. 8504: 850:

Alekhine had challenged Capablanca in the early 1920s, but Alekhine could not raise the money until 1927. After Capablanca's death, Alekhine wrote that Capablanca's demand for a $ 10,000 stake was an attempt to avoid challenges. Negotiations dragged on for several years, often breaking down when agreement seemed in sight. Their relationship became bitter, and Alekhine demanded much higher appearance fees for tournaments in which Capablanca also played.

8514: 3017: 2904: 3339: 1022: 2542: 1995: 1449: 2030: 1484: 2037: 2023: 2002: 1988: 1491: 1477: 1456: 1442: 2009: 1463: 3999: 2486: 2044: 2016: 1981: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1910: 1903: 1576: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1548: 1541: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1498: 1470: 1435: 3380: 1888: 1881: 1874: 1867: 1860: 1853: 1846: 1839: 1832: 1825: 1810: 1803: 1796: 1789: 1782: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1754: 1747: 1732: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1704: 1697: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1654: 1647: 1640: 1633: 1626: 1619: 1612: 1605: 1598: 1591: 1252:, concluded that Capablanca had more years in the top three than anyone except Lasker, Karpov and Kasparov—though Alekhine had more years in the top two positions. A 2006 study found that Capablanca was the most accurate of all the World Champions when compared with computer analysis of World Championship match games. This analysis was criticized for using a second-rank chess program, 1013:. While Capablanca and Alekhine were both representing their countries in Buenos Aires, Capablanca made a final attempt to arrange a World Championship match. Alekhine declined, saying he was obliged to be available to defend his adopted homeland, France, as World War II had just broken out. Capablanca announced in advance that he would not play Alekhine if their teams met. 196:, who had never beaten Capablanca before the match. Following unsuccessful attempts to arrange a rematch over many years, relations between them became bitter. Capablanca continued his excellent tournament results in this period but withdrew from serious chess in 1931. He made a comeback in 1934, with good results, but also showed symptoms of 4050: 5144:

title if he beat Capablanca and his support for an international organization, preferably based in the Americas, to manage international chess. Winter says that before Lasker's abdication, some chess correspondents had been calling for Lasker to be stripped of the title. For a very detailed account given by Capablanca after the match, see

1365:: "Conceit I consider a foolish thing, but more foolish still is the false modesty that vainly attempts to conceal which all facts tend to prove." Fischer also admired this frankness. Du Mont also said that Capablanca was rather sensitive to criticism, and chess historian Edward Winter documented a number of examples of self-criticism in 437:, et al. His loss, to Rubinstein, was one of the most brilliant achievements of the latter's career. Some European critics grumbled that Capablanca's style was rather cautious, though he conceded fewer draws than any of the next six finishers in the event. Capablanca was now recognized as a serious contender for the world championship. 2370:

Capablanca won six games and drew one in the 1910 New York State Championship. Both Capablanca and Charles Jaffe won their four games in the knock-out preliminaries and met in a match to decide the winner, who would be the first to win two games. The first game was drawn and Capablanca won the second

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on him, which he refuted while playing under the normal time limit (although ways have since been found to strengthen the Marshall Attack). He was also capable of using aggressive tactical play to drive home a positional advantage, provided he considered it safe and the most efficient way to win, for

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In September 1913, Capablanca accepted a job in the Cuban Foreign Office, which made him financially secure for life. Hooper and Whyld write, "He had no specific duties, but was expected to act as a kind of ambassador-at-large, a well-known figure who would put Cuba on the map wherever he travelled."

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for the title a similar clause that if he resigned the title, it should become Rubinstein's. Lasker then resigned the title to Capablanca on 27 June 1920, saying, "You have earned the title not by the formality of a challenge, but by your brilliant mastery." When Cuban enthusiasts raised $ 20,000 to

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with 11/13, half a point ahead of Marshall. Capablanca then finished second to Marshall in Havana, scoring 10 out of 14 and losing one of their individual games. The 600 spectators naturally favored their native hero, but sportingly gave Marshall "thunderous applause". In a tournament in New York in

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Page 19: "My two 1913 tournaments took a curious course. At New York, Capa beat me out by half a point, but a month later I reversed the procedure at Havana." P. 20: Marshall thought the crowd were "after my blood for defeating their idol and asked for an escort to my hotel. It turned out, however,

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won two or more serious games from the mature Capablanca, though in each case, their overall lifetime scores were minus (Capablanca beat Marshall +20−2=28, Lasker +6−2=16, Alekhine +9−7=33), except for Spielmann who was level (+2−2=8). Of top players, only Keres had a narrow plus score against him

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Immediately after winning the match, Alekhine announced that he was willing to give Capablanca a rematch, on the same terms that Capablanca had required as champion—the challenger must provide a stake of US$ 10,000, of which more than half would go to the defending champion even if he was defeated.

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According to Columbia University, Capablanca enrolled at Columbia's School of Mines, Engineering and Chemistry in September 1910, to study chemical engineering. Later, his financial support was withdrawn because he preferred playing chess to studying engineering. He left Columbia after one semester

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September–October 1920 for Lasker's and Capablanca's statements that Capablanca was the champion and Lasker the challenger, for Capablanca's statement that Lasker's contract with Rubinstein had contained a clause allowing him to abdicate in favor of Rubinstein, for Lasker's intention to resign the

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Despite his achievements Capablanca appeared more interested in baseball than in chess, which he described as "not a difficult game to learn and it is an enjoyable game to play." His second wife, Olga, thought he resented that chess had dominated his life, and wished he could have studied music or

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Capablanca excelled in simple positions and endgames, and his positional judgment was outstanding, so much so that most attempts to attack him came to grief without any apparent defensive efforts on his part. But he could play great tactical chess when necessary—most famously in the 1918 Manhattan

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When admitted to Mt. Sinai Hospital, the examination showed: Patient critically ill in deep coma, unreceptive to nocioceptive stimuli, unequal pupils with the left one dilated (fixed and unresponsive to light), left facial palsy, left hemiplegia, globally depressed tendinous reflexes and arterial

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At first Capablanca did not divorce his first wife, as he had not intended to remarry. Olga, Capablanca's second wife, wrote that she met him in the late spring of 1934; by late October the pair were deeply in love, and Capablanca recovered his ambition to prove he was the world's best player. In

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Edward Winter, after a lengthy summary of the facts, concludes, "The press was dismissive of Lasker's wish to confer the title on Capablanca, even questioning the legality of such an initiative, and in 1921 it regarded the Cuban as having become world champion by dint of defeating Lasker over the

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began in midsummer 1914, bringing international chess to a virtual halt for more than four years. Capablanca won tournaments in New York in 1914, 1915, 1916 (with preliminary and final round-robin stages) and 1918, losing only one game in this sequence. In the 1918 event, Marshall, playing Black

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Congress later that year. The main points were: the champion must be prepared to defend his title once a year; the match should be won by the first player to win six or eight games, whichever the champion preferred; and the stake should be at least £1,000 (worth about £26,000 or $ 44,000 in 2013

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objected to Capablanca's participation because he had not fulfilled the entry condition of winning at least third prize in two master tournaments. Capablanca won brilliantly against Bernstein in the very first round, more simply against Nimzowitsch, and astounded the chess world by taking first

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wrote that he knew Capablanca well and could vouch that he was not conceited. In du Mont's opinion, critics should understand the difference between the merely gifted and the towering genius of Capablanca, and the contrast between the British tendency towards modesty and the Latin and American

1258:, modified to limit its calculations to six moves by each side, and for favoring players whose style matched that of the program; however a 2011 computer analysis by Bratko and Guid using the stronger engines Rybka 2 and Rybka 3 found similar results to the 2006 Crafty analysis for Capablanca. 765:

A group of Argentinian businessmen, backed by a guarantee from the president of Argentina, promised the funds for a World Championship match between Capablanca and Alekhine in 1927. Since Nimzowitsch had challenged before Alekhine, Capablanca gave Nimzowitsch until 1 January 1927, to provide a

1036:, his vascular specialist Dr. Schwarzer strongly advised him that his life was endangered unless he totally relaxed, but Capablanca said that he could not because his ex-wife and children had started court proceedings against him. The doctor blamed his death on "his troubles and aggravation". 552:

His real, incomparable gifts first began to make themselves known at the time of St. Petersburg, 1914, when I too came to know him personally. Neither before nor afterwards have I seen—and I cannot imagine as well—such a flabbergasting quickness of chess comprehension as that possessed by the

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State Championship. Both Capablanca and Charles Jaffe won their four games in the knock-out preliminaries and met in a match to decide the winner, who would be the first to win two games. The first game was drawn and Capablanca won the second and third games. After another grueling series of

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narrowed, consistent with years of extreme hypertension. His heart was enlarged, 575 g instead of the normal 300–350 g, including 3 cm hypertrophy of left ventricle wall. This wall had a number of subendiocardial hemorrhages, which was later proved to be common in patients with severe

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Alekhine wrote in a tribute to Capablanca: "Capablanca was snatched from the chess world much too soon. With his death, we have lost a very great chess genius whose like we shall never see again." Lasker once said: "I have known many chess players, but only one chess genius: Capablanca."

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suggested that Capablanca, who was unaccustomed to losing games or to any other type of setback, became depressed over his unnecessary loss of the 11th game in a grueling endgame featuring errors by both players. The match became somewhat notorious for its extremely lopsided use of the

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After losing the World Championship in late 1927, Capablanca played more often in tournaments, hoping to strengthen his claim for a rematch. From 1928 through 1931, he won six first prizes, also finishing second twice and one joint second. His competitors included rising stars such as

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by his father, and then beat his father. At the age of eight he was taken to Havana Chess Club, which had hosted many important contests, but on the advice of a doctor he was not allowed to play frequently. Between November and December 1901, he narrowly beat the Cuban Chess Champion,

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by the bystander Euwe. Alekhine placed sixth, only one point behind the joint winners. These tournaments of 1936 were the last two Lasker played, and the only ones in which Capablanca finished ahead of Lasker, now 67. During these triumphs Capablanca began to suffer symptoms of

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In December 1921, shortly after becoming World Champion, Capablanca married Gloria Simoni Betancourt. They had a son, José Raúl Jr., in 1923 and a daughter, Gloria, in 1925. According to Capablanca's second wife, Olga, his first marriage broke down fairly soon, and he and Gloria had

890:; he continued to produce many superb games, but also made some gross blunders. Chessmetrics nonetheless ranks Capablanca as the second strongest player in the world (after Alekhine) from his loss of the title through to autumn 1932, except for a brief appearance in the top place. 1264:, World Champion from 1969 to 1972, considered Capablanca the best player of all time. Bobby Fischer, who held the title from 1972 to 1975, admired Capablanca's "light touch" and ability to see the right move very quickly. Fischer reported that in the 1950s, older members of the 2322:

The following table gives Capablanca's placings and scores in tournaments. The first "Score" column gives the number of points out of the total possible. In the second "Score" column, "+" indicates the number of won games, "−" the number of losses, and "=" the number of draws.

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Capablanca finished fourth, 1 point behind the joint winners, while Lasker's third place at the age of 66 was hailed as "a biological miracle." The following year, Capablanca won an even stronger tournament in Moscow, one point ahead of Botvinnik and 3½ ahead of

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Regarding a possible "two-game lead" clause, Winter cites Capablanca's messages to Julius Finn and Norbert Lederer, dated 15 October 1927, in which he proposed that, if the Buenos Aires match were drawn, the second match could be limited to 20 games. Winter cites

624:, who had come through the 1918 tournament undefeated to take second place. The match was to go to the first player to win eight games, but Kostić resigned the match after losing the first five. Capablanca considered that he was at his strongest around this time. 1319:, queen and knight was usually better than queen and bishop, especially in endings—the bishop merely mimics the queen's diagonal move, while the knight can immediately reach squares the queen cannot. Research is divided over Capablanca's conclusion: in 2007, 687:

thought that Lasker played quite well and the match was an "even and fascinating fight" until Lasker blundered in the last game. Kramnik explained that Capablanca was 20 years younger, a slightly stronger player, and had more recent competitive practice.

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The World's Championship Chess Match Played at Havana Between Jose Raul Capablanca and Dr. Emanuel Lasker: With an Introduction, the Scores of All the Games Annotated by the Champion, Together with Statistical Matter and the Biographies of the Two

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Capablanca's high blood pressure was not correctly diagnosed and treated until after the AVRO tournament, and caused him to lose his train of thought towards the end of playing sessions. In 1940, he had extremely dangerous hypertension of 210

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Here are Capablanca's results in matches. The first "Score" column gives the number of points on the total possible. In the second "Score" column, "+" indicates the number of won games, "−" the number of losses, and "=" the number of draws.

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wrote in 1998 that an unusually large proportion of queen and knight versus queen and bishop endings are drawn, and that most decisive games are characterized by the winning side having one or more obvious advantages in that specific game.

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with the score of 14½/20 (+10−1=9), 1½ points behind Lasker, and 2½ ahead of third-placed Alekhine. Capablanca's defeat by Réti in the fifth round was his first in serious competition in eight years. He made another bad start at the

668:, Lasker agreed in August 1920 to play there, but insisted that he was the challenger as Capablanca was now the champion. Capablanca signed an agreement that accepted this point, and soon afterwards published a letter confirming it. 2102:. He was concerned, however, that the accelerating development of chess technique and opening knowledge might cause such stagnation in 50 years. Hence, he suggested the adoption of a 10×8 board with two extra pieces per side: 570:

After the breakdown of his attempt to negotiate a title match in 1911, Capablanca drafted rules for the conduct of future challenges, which were agreed to by the other top players at the 1914 Saint Petersburg tournament, including

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on its own, which none of the conventional pieces can do, but checkmate cannot be forced without the help of its own king. He thought this would prevent technical knowledge from becoming such a dominant factor, at least for a few

1248:(2005) is rather sensitive to the length of the periods being compared, and ranks Capablanca between third and fourth strongest of all time for peak periods ranging in length from one to 15 years. Its author, the statistician 1243:

gave retrospective ratings to players based on their performance over the best five-year span of their career. He concluded that Capablanca was the strongest of those surveyed, with Lasker and Botvinnik sharing second place.

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the St. Petersburg masters the odds of 5–1 in quick games—and won! With all this he was always good-humoured, the darling of the ladies, and enjoyed wonderful good health—really a dazzling appearance. That he came second to

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As a chess writer, Capablanca did not present large amounts of detailed analysis, instead focusing on the critical moments in a game. His writing style was plain and easy to understand. Botvinnik regarded Capablanca's book

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version as it encouraged combat to start earlier, and their games typically lasted 20 to 25 moves. Contrary to the claims of some critics, Capablanca proposed this variant while he was world champion, not as

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International tournament. During this streak, which included his 1921 World Championship match against Lasker, Capablanca played 63 games, winning 40 and drawing 23. In fact, only Marshall, Lasker, Alekhine and

1297:, but his style influenced world champions Fischer, Karpov, and Botvinnik. Alekhine received schooling from Capablanca in positional play before their fight for the world title made them bitter enemies. 219:

as the best chess book ever written. Capablanca preferred not to present detailed analysis but focused on critical moments in a game. His style of chess influenced the play of future world champions

965:, who took third place; A month later, he shared first place with Botvinnik at Nottingham, with a score of (+5−1=8), losing only to Flohr. The loss to Flohr was because of being disturbed while in 897:. After winning an event at New York in 1931, he withdrew from serious chess, perhaps disheartened by his inability to secure a rematch with Alekhine, and played only less serious games at the 644:

Victory tournament of 1919 was the first international competition on Allied soil since 1914. The field was not strong, and Capablanca won with 10½ points out of 11, one point ahead of Kostić.

273:, in a match. However, in April 1902 he came in fourth out of six in the National Championship, losing both his games with Corzo. In 1905 Capablanca easily passed the entrance examinations for 683:

mentioned speculations that Havana's humid climate weakened Lasker and that he was depressed about the outcome of World War I, especially as he had lost his life savings. On the other hand,

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One of the most famous games of Capablanca. That Marshall unveiled this attack after having kept it secret for years is a myth. Capablanca defends against an extremely aggressive attack.

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described him as possessing a "real light touch". He could play tactical chess when necessary, and had good defensive technique. He wrote several chess books during his career, of which

2220:. Originally published by G. Bell and Sons, Ltd. of London, and The Macmillan Company in New York in 1920. Republished by Dover in 1966. Republished by Hardinge Simpole Limited, 2003, 8578: 604:

discovered several games between 1910 and 1918 where Marshall passed up opportunities to use the Marshall Attack against Capablanca; and an 1893 game that used a similar line. This

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match. But Alekhine won the match, played from September to November 1927 at Buenos Aires, by 6 wins, 3 losses, and 25 draws—the longest formal World Championship match until the

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Capablanca: A Compendium of Games, Notes, Articles, Correspondence, Illustrations and Other Rare Archival Materials on the Cuban Chess Genius José Raúl Capablanca, 1888–1942

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Emanuel Lasker vs Jose Raul Capablanca, Lasker–Capablanca World Championship Match, Havana 1921. Queen's Gambit Declined: Orthodox Defense. Rubinstein Variation (D61), 0–1

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format, with total scores from the preliminary tournament carried forward to the second contest. Capablanca placed first in the preliminary tournament, 1½ points ahead of

325:, and his increasing reputation in these events led to a US-wide tour in 1909. Playing 602 games in 27 cities, he scored 96.4%—a much higher percentage than, for example, 875:, as well as players who had been established in the 1920s, but Capablanca and Alekhine never played in the same tournament during this period, and next met only at the 731:

and Vidmar promptly signed them. Between 1921 and 1923 Alekhine, Rubinstein and Nimzowitsch all challenged Capablanca, but only Alekhine could raise the money, in 1927.

2180:, differing only in how the new pieces were placed in each side's back row. Subsequent variants inspired by Capablanca's experimentation have been proposed, including 177:. Over the next several years, Capablanca had a strong series of tournament results. After several unsuccessful attempts to arrange a match with then world champion 1344:

Early in his chess career, Capablanca received some criticism, mainly in Britain, for the allegedly conceited description of his accomplishments in his first book,

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In an interview in 1925, Capablanca denied reports that he thought chess had already currently reached its limit because it was easy for top players to obtain a

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tendency to say "I played this game as well as it could be played" if he honestly thought that was true. Capablanca himself said, in his author's note prefacing

7709: 7941: 846:; all games after the first two used this opening, and Capablanca's defeat has been partially attributed to his unwillingness to attempt any other openings. 5858:

Alekhine described the game as a "comedy of errors", and included it in his "Best Games" collection only because it was "the crucial point of the match":

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1936 tournament, after Alekhine had lost the world title to Euwe the previous year. In late 1931, Capablanca also won a match (+2−0=8) against Euwe, whom

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and Capablanca signed an agreement to play a World Championship match in 1921, noting that Capablanca was not free to play in 1920. Because of the delay,

7945: 7831: 7762: 7241: 1307: 5392: 4726:'s letter of 27 April 1921 to Alberto Ponce of the Havana Chess Club, proposing to resign the 1921 match; and Ponce's reply, accepting the resignation. 1177: 8487: 8482: 2261:. Originally published in 1921 by American Chess Bulletin. Republished in 1977 by Dover, together with a book on the 1927 match with annotations by 7304: 7173: 4218: 264:

on 19 November 1888. According to Capablanca, he learned to play chess at the age of four by watching his father play with friends, pointed out an

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Jose Raul Capablanca vs Frank James Marshall, ch Manhattan CC, New York 1918, Spanish Game: Marshall Attack. Original Marshall Attack (C89), 1–0

7861: 5580: 4685: 1059:, where he died at 6:00 AM the next day. Emanuel Lasker had died in the same hospital only a year earlier. The cause of death was given as "a 4995: 641: 8598: 5197: 1356:

is confident that the "reader may therefore go over the contents of the book with the assurance that there is in it everything he needs."

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After winning at Paris in 1938 and placing second in a slightly stronger tournament at Margate in 1939, Capablanca played for Cuba in the

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Despite these excellent results, Capablanca's play showed signs of decline: his play slowed from the speed of his youth, with occasional

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then won his final game, against Marshall, thus finishing half a point ahead of Capablanca and 3½ ahead of Alekhine. Alekhine commented:

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was "one of the strongest five tournaments held up to that time", as all the world's leading players competed except the World Champion,

369:. Following this match, Chessmetrics rates Capablanca the world's third strongest player for most of the period from 1909 through 1912. 6121: 4090: 1076:

tension 280/140. A lumbar puncture was performed which showed hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a pressure of 500 mm of water.

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opening. It is often said that Marshall had kept this secret for use against Capablanca since his defeat in their 1909 match; however,

301:, in 1906. He represented Columbia on top board in intercollegiate team chess. In 1908 he left the university to concentrate on chess. 6744: 185:

in 1921. Capablanca was undefeated from February 10, 1916 to March 21, 1924, a period that included the world championship match with

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has said that it made no difference, as Capablanca could not have been revived even if the best modern medicine had been available.

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reduced Capablanca to a helpless position and Capablanca was so shaken by this that he blundered away his next game to Tarrasch.

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accepted his challenge while proposing 17 conditions for the match. Capablanca objected to some of the conditions, which favored

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Capablanca Chess. The archbishops (bishop+knight compounds) start on c1/c8; the chancellors (rook+knight compounds), on h1/h8.

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It is from this period that the only surviving voiced film footage survives. He is with Euwe and Dutch radio sports journalist

822: 7662: 7224: 5343: 4896: 2672: 1348:. He therefore took the unprecedented step of including virtually all of his tournament and match defeats up to that time in 353:

ranks as one of the world's top three players at his peak. Capablanca beat Marshall, 15–8 (8 wins, 1 loss, 14

7704: 4051:"– JOSÉ RAÚL CAPABLANCA, the Child Prodigy of the Cuban Chess. | the History, Culture and Legacy of the People of Cuba" 7856: 6427: 6405: 6390: 3931:

Jose Raul Capablanca vs Professor Marc Fonaroff, New York 1918, Spanish Game: Berlin Defense. Hedgehog Variation (C62), 1–0

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The score sheet of Capablanca's defeat by Richard Réti in the New York 1924 chess tournament, his first loss in eight years

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Behind Bogoljubow (15½) and Lasker (14); ahead of Marshall (12½) and a mixture of strong international players and rising

620:. Nevertheless, Capablanca found a way through the complications and won. Capablanca was challenged to a match in 1919 by 8573: 8548: 8447: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 1032:

Not long before his death, his familial hypertension had shot up to the hazardous 200–240/160+. The day before his fatal

8553: 8507: 8273: 8263: 8253: 8243: 8233: 8223: 8219: 7817: 7677: 7626: 754:, and could only fight back to third place, two points behind Bogoljubow and ½ point behind Lasker. Capablanca won at 8467: 7851: 7647: 7608: 7417: 7287: 7185: 6784: 6664: 6485: 6260: 6216: 6191: 5912: 5843: 5786: 5679: 5491: 5462: 5302: 5277: 5249: 5033: 4872: 4838: 4804: 4773: 4657: 4601: 4452: 4397: 4368: 4252: 4108: 2296: 2278: 2251: 2225: 817:

overwhelmingly and had never lost a game to Alekhine, most pundits regarded the Cuban as the clear favorite in their

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Starting his comeback at the Hastings tournament of 1934–35, Capablanca finished fourth, although coming ahead of

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Behind Botvinnik (13), Flohr (13) and Lasker (12½); ahead of Spielmann (11) and 15 others, mainly Soviet players

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Jose Raul Capablanca vs Andor Lilienthal, Moscow 1936, Reti Opening: Anglo-Slav. Bogoljubow Variation (A12), 1–0

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Jose Raul Capablanca vs Savielly Tartakower, New York 1924, Dutch Defense, Horwitz Variation: General (A80), 1–0

333:'s 86% in 1906. This performance gained him sponsorship for an exhibition match that year against Marshall, the 8558: 8457: 8420: 8393: 8168: 7338: 6626: 4745: 4264: 2691: 2310: 2262: 2239: 2205: 1056: 1051:

in New York City, when he asked for help removing his coat, and collapsed shortly afterward. Eminent physician

814: 774: 746: 7759: 8371: 8365: 8356: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8298: 8215: 8176: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8118: 8114: 8109: 8098: 8088: 8078: 8074: 8064: 8054: 8044: 8034: 8024: 8020: 8016: 7993: 7983: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7937: 7933: 7925: 7915: 7907: 7903: 5396: 5235: 3948:

Jose Raul Capablanca vs Rudolf Spielmann, New York 1927, Queen's Gambit Declined: Barmen Variation (D37), 1–0

2266: 1182:

As an adult, Capablanca lost only 34 serious games. He was undefeated from 10 February 1916, when he lost to

818: 767: 362: 330: 158: 3427:

Behind Keres (8½), Fine (8½), Botvinnik (7½), Alekhine (7), Euwe (7) and Reshevsky (7); ahead of Flohr (4½)

671:

The match was played in March–April 1921; Lasker resigned it after 14 games, having lost four and won none.

8568: 8563: 5421: 3914: 957: 751: 3009:

Behind Nimzowitsch (15); tied with Spielmann; ahead of Rubinstein (13½) and 18 others, mostly very strong

692:

board." Reference works invariably give Capablanca's reign as titleholder as beginning in 1921, not 1920.

377:

simultaneous exhibitions, Capablanca placed second, with 9½ out of 12, in the 1911 National Tournament at

8477: 7872: 7585: 6519:"Capablanca's stroke: An early case of neurogenic heart disease. Cuban-world-champion of chess 1921–1927" 5227: 4577: 3298:

Ahead of Botvinnik (12), Flohr (9½), Lilienthal (9), Viacheslav Ragozin (8½), Lasker (8) and four others

274: 7312: 4226: 4120: 1352:, together with an instructive group of his victories. Nevertheless, his preface to the 1934 edition of 1274: 903: 614: 5876: 1197: 942: 893:

Alekhine's offer to play Capablanca in a rematch if $ 10,000 could be raised came to naught due to the

843: 4999: 3952: 5127:

of August 1920 and other sources for protestations that Lasker had no right to nominate a successor;

4068: 2291:. Originally published by Harcourt, Brace and Company in 1935. Republished in 2002 by Harvest Books, 2177: 2156:

experimented with 10×10 and 10×8 boards, using the same expanded set of pieces. They preferred the 8-

94: 6680: 5584: 4689: 8593: 7840: 7727: 7699: 7213:

Practical Endgame Play – beyond the basics: the definitive guide to the endgames that really matter

5549: 4894:

Using average incomes for the conversion; if average prices are used, the result is about £66,000.

3984:

Ilia Abramovich Kan vs Jose Raul Capablanca, Moscow 1936, Vienna Game: Anderssen Defense (C25), 0–1

3913:

Capablanca vs. L Molina, Buenos Aires 1911, Queen's Gambit Declined: Modern. Knight Defense (D52),

3847: 524:

under tournament conditions. This event was arranged in an unusual way: after a preliminary single

450: 131: 116: 5139:(London) of 26 June 1920 for criticism of the conditions Lasker set for the defense of the title; 777:, held from 19 February to 23 March 1927, six of the world's strongest masters played a quadruple 146: 6562: 5147: 1007: 593: 540:, Capablanca still seemed on course for ultimate victory. But in their second game of the final, 490: 322: 5498:

Edward Winter quotes page 565 of the 1988 edition, which does not include the number of games –

5454: 5448: 5205: 2626:

Ahead of Janowski (11) and 11 others. The structure was similar to that of St. Petersburg 1914.

2200:. This is the only tournament book he wrote. Originally published in Spanish in 1913 in Havana, 8583: 7720: 7511: 5703: 5241: 4973: 4593: 3652: 2210: 2166: 778: 529: 525: 510: 506: 4385: 3974: 1041: 742:

one—setting a record for the best winning percentage ever in a large simultaneous exhibition.

7887: 7637: 7150: 6452: 6351: 5055: 4520: 4438: 3707: 3328:(9½), Reshevsky (9½), Alekhine (9), Flohr (8½), Lasker (8½) and seven other strong opponents 1101: 334: 7387: 5091: 4356: 4142: 3464:

in Buenos Aires, Capablanca took the medal for best performance on a country's first board.

2439:(8½) and 11 other world-class players. His only loss was to Rubinstein, and his win against 704: 265: 8543: 8538: 7791: 7131: 6748: 6103: 3966: 3918: 3527: 2436: 1265: 1048: 898: 397: 290: 2158: 1203:

Statistical ranking systems place Capablanca high among the greatest players of all time.

313: 293:, and was soon recognized as the club's strongest player. He was particularly dominant in 8: 8267: 8237: 7279: 6791:

The URL provides greater detail, covering 47 players whom Elo rated, and notes that

6305: 4031: 3754: 3034: 1160: 1129: 1060: 995: 982:

tournament, an elite contest designed to select a challenger for Alekhine's world title.

941:

1938 he divorced his first wife and married Olga on 20 October, about a month before the

909:. On 6 December 1933, Capablanca won all 9 of his games in one of the club's weekly 728: 7723:

by Edward Winter (1999), with considerable input by Capablanca's widow Olga on his life.

7690: 5500: 3271: 1994: 1448: 7997: 7977: 7801: 7490: 7104: 7070: 6584: 6557: 5730: 5370: 4586: 3983: 3961: 3947: 3941: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3857: 3685: 2687: 2565: 2029: 1483: 1186:

in the New York 1916 tournament, to 21 March 1924, when he lost to Richard Réti in the

1089: 1002: 987: 975: 502: 469: 193: 7007: 6984: 6961: 6894: 6774: 6255:(2nd ed.). Dover (first edition published by André Deutsch in 1952). p. 50. 6186:(2nd ed.). Dover (first edition published by André Deutsch in 1952). p. 51. 5179:(2nd ed.). Dover (first edition published by André Deutsch in 1952). p. 109. 2036: 2022: 2001: 1987: 1490: 1476: 1455: 1441: 655:

insisted that if he resigned the title, then Capablanca should become World Champion.

632: 621: 49: 8513: 8324: 8257: 8247: 8068: 8048: 8028: 7736: 7673: 7658: 7643: 7622: 7604: 7413: 7283: 7220: 7181: 6780: 6660: 6589: 6538: 6481: 6256: 6212: 6187: 5908: 5839: 5782: 5675: 5487: 5458: 5347: 5341:

Using incomes for the conversion; if prices are used, the result is about $ 103,000.

5298: 5273: 5245: 5029: 4900: 4868: 4834: 4800: 4769: 4741: 4653: 4597: 4553: 4448: 4393: 4364: 4260: 4104: 4084: 3602: 3397: 3366: 3179: 2821: 2569: 2306: 2292: 2288: 2274: 2247: 2235: 2221: 2201: 2008: 1462: 1228: 949: 745:

After beginning with four draws, followed by a loss, Capablanca placed second at the

720: 536:, who was out of practice and had made a shaky start. Despite a determined effort by 494: 434: 361:

achieved against Marshall (8 wins, no losses, 7 draws) in winning his

326: 216: 174: 4950: 2043: 2015: 1980: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1902: 1575: 1568: 1561: 1554: 1547: 1540: 1533: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1497: 1469: 1434: 157:

in a match on 17 November 1901, two days before his 13th birthday. His victory over

8302: 8198: 8082: 7919: 7745: 7534: 7353: 6935: 6606: 6579: 6571: 6530: 5193: 3240: 3183: 2860: 2856: 2428: 2132: 1382: 1282: 1192: 1133: 1125: 956:. He placed second by ½ point in the Margate tournaments of 1935 and 1936. At 953: 914: 894: 834: 794: 782: 712: 684: 660: 562:

must be entirely ascribed to his youthful levity—he was already playing as well as

486: 422: 417: 373: 240: 201: 170: 166: 7044: 6921: 2529: 2412: 838: 695: 390: 8277: 7877: 7867: 7766: 6733: 6613: 5344:"Six Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to Present" 3729: 3412: 3362: 2933: 2873: 2817: 2722: 2440: 2243: 2127: 2112: 2107: 1204: 1121: 1052: 797:. Both his parents died during his reign, his father in 1923 and mother in 1926. 759: 716: 501:, winning all four games. In Saint Petersburg, he played similar matches against 430: 413: 7732: 5810: 3804: 2753: 2654: 837:

commented that this was the first contest in which Capablanca had no easy wins.

724: 8388: 8350: 8227: 8184: 8150: 8122: 8038: 7949: 7784: 7694: 7632: 7596: 7564: 7554: 7495: 7271: 7216: 6796: 6518: 6516: 5265: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4703: 4444: 4434: 3829: 3779: 3627: 3461: 3437: 3343: 3305: 3253: 3220: 3157: 3099: 3073: 2990: 2960: 2802: 2704: 2667: 2561: 2546: 2541: 2475: 2356: 2173: 2140: 2136: 2120: 1357: 1332: 1316: 1312: 1232: 1220: 1216: 1144: 1093: 1080:

The full autopsy, by Drs. Moschcowitz, Prill, and Levin, showed that the right

1026: 922: 830: 826: 805: 755: 738:

against 103 opponents, the largest in history up to that time, winning 102 and

676: 656: 652: 648: 609: 572: 563: 559: 545: 541: 537: 533: 521: 498: 458: 454: 446: 409: 358: 346: 342: 298: 224: 186: 182: 178: 6534: 592:

against Capablanca, unleashed a complicated counterattack, later known as the

464: 8532: 8102: 8092: 7751: 7714: 7574: 6792: 6729: 6652: 5231: 4781:

that the good Cubans were just showing their sportsmanship and were cheering

4581: 4290: 3552: 3144: 3126: 2878: 2838: 2825: 2797: 2735: 2636: 2609: 2582: 2511: 2471: 2453: 2386: 2381: 2351: 2185: 2153: 1324: 1305:

as the best chess book ever written. Capablanca in a lecture and in his book

1261: 1224: 1208: 1187: 1114: 1110: 929: 872: 680: 477: 382: 378: 366: 220: 208: 139: 135: 130:(19 November 1888 – 8 March 1942) was a Cuban chess player who was the third 7809: 6575: 6368: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 2950:

Ahead of Nimzowitsch (7), Spielmann (6½) and four other very strong players

1275: 904: 615: 8517: 7357: 6939: 6926: 6593: 6542: 4897:"Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound Amount, 1830–2006" 3944:

This game concludes with one of the most revered endgames in chess history.

3865: 3577: 3281: 3196: 2995: 2980: 2784: 2766: 2432: 2116: 2099: 1272:

Chess Club Championship tournament, when Marshall sprang a deeply analyzed

1245: 1183: 1064: 971: 966: 887: 880: 786: 739: 708: 493:

in London, Paris and Berlin, where he also played two-game matches against

426: 386: 354: 350: 197: 20: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 3953: 3671:

Besides the stake-money there was a gold cup to be awarded for the series,

1331:

of games, concluded that results very slightly favored queen plus knight.

1005:, in Buenos Aires, and won the gold medal for the best performance on the 8058: 7472: 7208: 6248: 6179: 5972: 5954: 5755: 5172: 4915: 4630: 4018: 4004: 3407: 3325: 2181: 1320: 978:

in 1937, then could only finish seventh of the eight players at the 1938

918: 910: 672: 588: 6558:"Subendocardial Haemorrhage and E.C.G. Changes in Intracranial Bleeding" 6517:

Hernandez-Meilan, O.; Hernandez-Meilan, M.; Machado-Curbelo, C. (1998).

6024: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5852: 5750: 5748: 4103:

Miguel A. Sánchez (2015) Jose Raul Capablanca: A Chess Biography. pg 77

1105:

intercranial hypertension. This caused the release of a large amount of

8360: 7882: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5514: 4680: 4678: 4519:. Note: Edward Winter gives a list of errors in Golombek's book : 3502: 3358: 3310: 3175: 2923: 1887: 1880: 1873: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1845: 1838: 1831: 1824: 1809: 1802: 1795: 1788: 1781: 1774: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1746: 1731: 1724: 1717: 1710: 1703: 1696: 1689: 1682: 1675: 1668: 1653: 1646: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1618: 1611: 1604: 1597: 1590: 1249: 1106: 1055:

administered first aid and then arranged an ambulance. He was taken to

998:

is 180/120 or above, and even after treatment Capablanca had 180/130).

962: 876: 707:

with 13 points in 15 games with no losses, ahead of Alekhine with 11½,

294: 270: 154: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 2896:(6½), Rubinstein (6½), Nimzowitsch (6) and seven other strong masters 766:

deposit in order to arrange a match. When this did not materialize, a

489:, where he was due to play in a major tournament. On his way, he gave 472:

and Capablanca on 14 December 1913 in an exhibition in St. Petersburg

365:. After the match, Capablanca said that he had never opened a book on 244:

Capablanca playing chess with his father José María Capablanca in 1892

7048: 6770: 6330: 6009: 5834:

Pachman, L. (1987). "World Championship 1927: Why Did Alekhin Win?".

5745: 5416: 5414: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5128: 5116: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 3049: 2234:. Originally published in 1921. Republished by Everyman Chess, 1994, 2144: 1240: 1008: 991: 735: 597: 401: 282: 257: 253: 249: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7361: 6630: 5567: 5115:

s theory about Lasker's real motive and Havana's offer of $ 20,000;

5111:(July–August 1920 issue) for Lasker's resignation of the title, the 4675: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 1200:, during which tournament Capablanca turned 50, while Keres was 22. 1163:

tournament has been held in Cuba, most often in Havana, since 1962.

679:

attributed the one-sided result to Lasker's mysteriously poor form.

659:

had previously included in his agreement before World War I to play

393:, Spain, in 1911, insisted that Capablanca also be allowed to play. 7987: 4197:

Du Mont, J. (1959). "Memoir of Capablanca". In Golombek, H. (ed.).

3884: 2965: 2908: 2893: 1328: 1085: 1081: 1068: 1021: 868: 862:

Giving a simultaneous display on thirty boards in Berlin, June 1929

576: 297:, winning a tournament ahead of the reigning World Chess Champion, 286: 278: 7705:

Lasker's Chess Magazine (Feb 1905) recognizes Capablanca at age 16

7465: 7039: 7037: 6159: 5599: 5411: 5311: 5295:

International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events

4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4309: 3975: 1042: 528:

involving 11 players, the top five were to play a second stage in

7426: 6406:"4742. Capablanca and Alekhine in Buenos Aires, 1939 (C.N. 4696)" 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6139: 5645: 4610: 4246: 4244: 3669:

The three matches against Russian masters were played for stakes.

3338: 3225: 3016: 2903: 1124:

was a bad idea, as intracranial hypertension is now a well-known

24: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6272: 5979:. André Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover). pp. 175–179. 5961:. André Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover). pp. 192–200. 5934: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5762:. André Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover). pp. 149–162. 4637:. André Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover). pp. 109–121. 734:

In 1922, Capablanca had also given a simultaneous exhibition in

7034: 6297: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5986: 4487: 3967: 3379: 2490: 2172:

Similar 10×8 variants had previously been described in 1617 by

1254: 1033: 665: 605: 261: 150: 90: 6803:

ratings had been included – the FIDE ratings use Elo's system.

6136: 5893:

30 November 1927 for Alekhine's conditions for a return match.

5868: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 4241: 2504:

Behind Marshall (10½); ahead of Janowski (9) and five others.

2208:. Edward Winter translated it into English, and appeared as a 2159: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7071:"Jose Raul Capablanca vs Frank James Marshall, New York 1918" 6507:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, p. 490. 6269: 5921: 4935:

Golombek, H. (1959). "On the Way to the World Championship".

4706:'s concerns about the location and duration of the match, in 4525: 3044: 2407: 1097: 181:, Capablanca finally won the world chess champion title from 7276:

Secrets of Modern Chess Strategy: Advances Since Nimzowitsch

5983: 5188: 5186: 4710:. 15 March 1911; Capablanca's letter of 20 December 1911 to 4572: 4570: 3986:

This game contains one of Capablanca's most famous endgames.

612:

used to avoid it, and Marshall had the advantage of using a

8008: 6800: 5476: 5474: 5073: 5049: 5047: 5045: 2752:

Behind Lasker (16); ahead of Alekhine (12), Marshall (11),

2485: 979: 853: 513:, losing one game to Znosko-Borovsky and winning the rest. 481:

1913, at the Rice Chess Club, Capablanca won all 13 games.

7116: 7113:

A page where you can play through the game (no annotation)

7082: 7079:

A page where you can play through the game (no annotation)

5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5665: 5663: 4466: 4464: 3454:

Behind Keres (7½); tied with Flohr; ahead of seven others

381:, half a point behind Marshall, and half a point ahead of 8579:

Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni

7105:"Jose Raul Capablanca vs Rudolf Spielmann, New York 1927" 5183: 4576: 4567: 4383: 4250: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 421:

place, with six wins, one loss and seven draws, ahead of

7401: 7008:"Review of "Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions"" 6985:"Review of "Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions"" 6471: 6469: 5471: 5042: 4554:"Chessville vignettes: José Raoul Capablanca y Graupera" 4513:

Golombek, H. (1959). "List of Tournaments and Matches".

4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 3361:(9), Fine (8); tied with Reshevsky; ahead of Flohr (7), 2721:

Ahead of Alekhine (11½), Vidmar (11), Rubinstein (10½),

7332: 7330: 5726:"Chess title match to become longest one in modern era" 5688: 5660: 4987: 4592:(2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 4461: 4293:

and Larry Parr, Hypermodern, San Francisco, 1995, p. 5.

7672:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 7621:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 7491:"Jose Raul Capablanca vs. L Molina, Buenos Aires 1911" 7352:(2). International Computer Games Association: 81–95. 7097: 5808: 4205: 207:

Capablanca excelled in simple positions and endgames;

7770:

work in progress transcription with animated diagrams

7063: 6466: 6428:"4696. Capablanca and Alekhine in Buenos Aires, 1939" 6391:"4696. Capablanca and Alekhine in Buenos Aires, 1939" 5542: 5384: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4161: 3675:

or to the player who made the best score against him.

2305:. Simon and Schuster, January 1966, ASIN B0007DZW6W, 1084:

was almost totally destroyed, and in its place was a

553:

Capablanca of that epoch. Enough to say that he gave

7327: 6499: 6497: 5772: 4860: 4759: 4757: 4722:'s letter to Capablanca, breaking off negotiations; 3994: 248:

José Raúl Capablanca, the second surviving son of a

6555: 6446: 6444: 5939:Golombek, H. (1959). "Attempts at Rehabilitation". 5226: 4735: 1071:hemorrhage. The hospital admissions report stated: 6361: 5827: 5240:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 4847: 4585: 1178:Comparison of top chess players throughout history 1143:Capablanca was given a public funeral in Havana's 372:Capablanca won six games and drew one in the 1910 6962:"Computers choose: who was the strongest player?" 6895:"The Greatest Chess Player of All Time – Part IV" 6799:would have topped the list if the 1 January 1978 6722: 6494: 4754: 4306:(C250 Celebrates Columbians Ahead of Their Time). 4140: 2184:(a 10×10 board with pawns on the third rank) and 321:Capablanca's skill in rapid chess lent itself to 8530: 7655:José Raúl Capablanca: Third World Chess Champion 7005: 6441: 5145: 4259:. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 116–140. 1388: 277:, where he wished to play for Columbia's strong 161:in a 1909 match earned him an invitation to the 7601:Twelve Great Chess Players and Their Best Games 6910:Part IV gives links to all three earlier parts. 6319: 6104:Han interviews Dutchman Max Euwe and Capablanca 3933:Capablanca wins quickly with some precise play. 389:. Marshall, invited to play in a tournament at 31: and the second or maternal family name is 7755:available at Gutenberg.org in multiple formats 7479:. André Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover). 7408:Winter, E.G. (1990). "8: Changing the Rules". 6959: 6616:, ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 14 January 2021 6029:Golombek, H. (1959). "Prelude to Retirement". 5198:"Kramnik Interview: From Steinitz to Kasparov" 4473:"Chessmetrics Player Profile: José Capablanca" 2725:(9), and 11 other players, mostly very strong 935: 913:tournaments, finishing 2 points ahead of 260:, Matilde María Graupera y Marín, was born in 7839: 7825: 6728: 6475: 5809:Kasparov, G.; Russell, H. W. (28 July 2003). 5758:(1952). "Alexander Alexandrovitch Alekhine". 5534:Golombek, H. (1959). "Victory and Disaster". 4831:The Great Chess Tournaments and Their Stories 4414:"Chessmetrics Player Profile: Frank Marshall" 4363:. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 1–13. 3673:either to Capablanca if he won all his games, 1268:spoke of Capablanca's performances with awe. 1171: 520:was the first in which Capablanca confronted 7443: 7302: 7088: 6922:"Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions" 6776:The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present 6556:Koskelo, P.; Punsar, S.; Sipilä, W. (1964). 6288: 6163: 6028: 6000: 5971: 5953: 5938: 5754: 5533: 5422:"Jose Raul Capablanca: Online Chess Tribute" 5326: 5264: 5192: 4934: 4512: 4216: 1237:The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present 1136:force of the hypertension. But neurosurgeon 1039:On 7 March 1942, Capablanca was observing a 138:, he is widely renowned for his exceptional 7728:List of Books About Capablanca and Alekhine 6707:. ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2 June 2009. 6681:"CHESSGAMES.COM * Chess game search engine" 6627:"All Capablanca Memorial chess tournaments" 6523:Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 6001:Golombek, H. (1959). "1929 – A Rich Year". 5481: 5393:"The Mad Aussie's Chess Trivia: Archive #3" 5292: 4392:. Courier Dover Publications. p. 141. 4196: 2271:World's Championship Matches, 1921 and 1927 1109:substances into the bloodstream, including 1088:2 inches wide and 2 inches high. The whole 252:army officer, José María Capablanca, and a 7832: 7818: 7444:Golombek, H. (1959). "Rapid Development". 7180:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 202. 7171: 7129: 6919: 6868:"Peak Average Ratings: 15 year peak range" 6850:"Peak Average Ratings: 10 year peak range" 6651: 6235:Emanuel Lasker: The Life of a Chess Master 6232: 6164:Golombek, H. (1959). "Triumphant Return". 5905:Lessons from My Games: A Passion for Chess 5486:(26 ed.). Bantam Books. p. 117. 5086: 5020: 4287:The Bobby Fischer I Knew And Other Stories 48: 7653:Isaak Linder and Vladimir Linder (2009). 6960:Guid, M.; Bratko, I. (30 December 2006). 6892: 6832:"Peak Average Ratings: 5 year peak range" 6814:"Peak Average Ratings: 1 year peak range" 6583: 6068: 6066: 5480:34 losses out of 571 games, according to 4833:. Chilton Book Company. pp. 96–103. 3519:Corzo was the reigning champion of Cuba. 3324:Tied with Botvinnik; ahead of Euwe (9½), 2756:(10½) and six others, mostly very strong 2188:(the Grand Chess setup on a 10×8 board). 664:fund the match provided it was played in 7569:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 7471: 7446:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 6982: 6291:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 6289:Golombek, H. (1959). "The Final Phase". 6247: 6237:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 284, 297. 6178: 6166:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 6031:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 6003:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 5941:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 5859: 5651: 5605: 5536:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 5329:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 5171: 4937:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 4763: 4629: 4515:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 4433: 4354: 4199:Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 3063:Ahead of Tartakower (11½) and 13 others 2191: 1323:found little difference, while in 1999, 1288: 1128:because it releases the pressure of the 1020: 857: 854:Post-championship and partial retirement 804: 770:was agreed, to begin in September 1927. 758:, 1926 with 6 points out of 8, ahead of 694: 631: 476:In 1913, Capablanca won a tournament in 463: 440: 312: 239: 165:, which he won ahead of players such as 7670:José Raúl Capablanca: A Chess Biography 7595: 7242:"The Evaluation of Material Imbalances" 7239: 6920:Guid, Matej; Bratko, Ivan (June 2006). 6769: 6505:Jose Raul Capablanca: A Chess Biography 6293:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 250–267. 6168:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 203–249. 6046:"Chessmetrics Player Profile: Max Euwe" 6033:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 171–202. 6005:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 171–202. 5943:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 148–170. 5833: 5811:"Interview with Garry Kasparov: Part 2" 5625:. In Tartakower, S.; Leach, C. (eds.). 5538:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 115–147. 5390: 5327:Golombek, H. (1959). "World Champion". 4766:Frank J. Marshall's Best Games of Chess 4026:List of covers of Time magazine (1920s) 3116:Behind Euwe (7); ahead of eight others 2599:Ahead of Marshall (12) and six others. 230: 8531: 7742:Works by or about José Raúl Capablanca 7407: 7270: 6719:, British Chess Magazine, pp. xiii, 1. 6303: 6206: 6063: 5874: 5775:"Individual Style: Psychological Play" 5669: 5446: 5331:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 60–114. 5272:. Crown Publishers. pp. 58, 172. 5092:"How Capablanca Became World Champion" 5053: 4993: 4828: 4794: 4521:Chesshistory document by Edward Winter 4089:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4013:Botvinnik versus Capablanca, AVRO 1938 3901:Euwe became World Champion 1935–1937. 2400:Marshall was 1st ahead of Capablanca. 2143:. This piece would be able to deliver 1047:game and chatting with friends at the 883:ranks sixth in the world at the time. 412:. At the beginning of the tournament, 305:to devote himself to chess full-time. 7813: 7603:. New York: Dover. pp. 181–212. 7448:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 35–58. 7336: 7207: 6207:Winter, E.G. (1989). "Rapid ascent". 5723: 4939:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 59–86. 4795:Winter, E.G. (1989). "Rapid ascent". 4647: 4517:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 19–20. 2983:(5), Rubinstein (5), and four others 2317: 583: 485:His first instructions were to go to 308: 289:team. In the same year he joined the 192:Capablanca lost the title in 1927 to 7541:. New York: W W Norton & Co Inc. 7091:Capablanca's 100 Best Games of Chess 5902: 5670:Winter, E.G. (1990). "5: Champion". 5484:Guinness Book of World Records, 1999 4484:(select the "Career Details" option) 4384:Hooper, D.; Brandreth, D.A. (1994). 4251:Hooper, D.; Brandreth, D.A. (1994). 4201:. G. Bell & Sons. pp. 1–18. 518:St. Petersburg 1914 chess tournament 461:, and the match did not take place. 8599:Hispanic and Latino American people 5864:(2 ed.). Bell. pp. 41–45. 5773:Pachman, L.; Russell, A.S. (1971). 5656:(2 ed.). Bell. pp. 28–33. 5610:(2 ed.). Bell. pp. 38–53. 5135:of 3 July 1920 and E.S. Tinsley in 4861:Alekhine, A.; Winter, E.G. (1980). 4672:Hooper & Whyld 1992, pp. 67–68. 3174:Behind Thomas, (6½), Euwe (6½) and 2657:(9), Marshall (7), and four others 2214:reprint, Quarterly No. 18, in 1976. 1376: 800: 341:tournament ahead of World Champion 145:Capablanca was born in 1888 in the 13: 7528: 7509: 7385: 7144: 6450: 6425: 6403: 6388: 6369:"3rd Chess Olympiad: Hamburg 1930" 6072: 5701: 5450:The Batsford Book of Chess Records 5368: 4971: 4736:Hooper, D.; Brandreth, D. (1975). 3415:, at ten cities in the Netherlands 2926:(5), Spielmann (5) and six others 2443:was awarded the brilliancy prize. 781:, with the others being Alekhine, 14: 8610: 7852:List of World Chess Championships 7684: 6740:. Brighton, UK: Hardinge Simpole. 6119: 5838:. Courier Dover. pp. 86–90. 5175:(1976). "The Age of Capablanca". 5146:Capablanca, J.R. (October 1922). 4688:. 20 January 2005. Archived from 4470: 4022:– a 1925 film starring Capablanca 3677:The cup went to Znosko-Borovsky. 2135:that combines the movements of a 2115:that combines the movements of a 1285:in the 1927 New York tournament. 1196:(+1−0=5). Keres's win was at the 627: 8512: 8503: 8502: 7579:The Immortal Games of Capablanca 7503: 7483: 7452: 7379: 7296: 7264: 7233: 7201: 7165: 7138: 7022: 6999: 6976: 6953: 6913: 6886: 6806: 6043: 5862:My Best Games of Chess 1924–1937 5654:My Best Games of Chess 1924–1937 5620: 5608:My Best Games of Chess 1924–1937 5578: 5270:Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess 4633:(1952). "José Raúl Capablanca". 4361:The Immortal Games of Capablanca 3997: 3950:A tactical game that earned the 3907: 3467: 3436: 3406: 3378: 3337: 3304: 3280: 3252: 3219: 3195: 3156: 3125: 3098: 3072: 3043: 3015: 2989: 2959: 2932: 2902: 2892:Behind Bogoljubow (8); ahead of 2872: 2837: 2796: 2765: 2734: 2703: 2666: 2635: 2608: 2581: 2540: 2510: 2484: 2452: 2406: 2380: 2350: 2126: 2106: 2042: 2035: 2028: 2021: 2014: 2007: 2000: 1993: 1986: 1979: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1943: 1936: 1929: 1922: 1915: 1908: 1901: 1886: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1858: 1851: 1844: 1837: 1830: 1823: 1808: 1801: 1794: 1787: 1780: 1773: 1766: 1759: 1752: 1745: 1730: 1723: 1716: 1709: 1702: 1695: 1688: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1652: 1645: 1638: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1532: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1496: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1468: 1461: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1433: 1067:", in particular a hypertensive 7592:. New York: Dover Publications. 7581:. New York: Dover Publications. 7561:. New York: Dover Publications. 7559:Capablanca's Best Chess Endings 7031:magazine, February 2008, p. 13. 6763: 6710: 6698: 6673: 6645: 6619: 6600: 6549: 6510: 6419: 6382: 6345: 6241: 6226: 6200: 6172: 6113: 6097: 6037: 5965: 5947: 5896: 5836:Decisive Games in Chess History 5802: 5766: 5717: 5614: 5581:"1927 World Chess Championship" 5440: 5362: 5335: 5286: 5258: 5220: 5165: 5014: 4965: 4943: 4888: 4822: 4819:Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 68. 4813: 4788: 4729: 4686:"1921 World Chess Championship" 4666: 4650:Rubinstein's Chess Masterpieces 4641: 4546: 4427: 4406: 4377: 4296: 1215:(1989) ranks him fifth, behind 1117:that caused these hemorrhages. 445:In 1911, Capablanca challenged 128:José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera 63:José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera 6480:. Pergamon Press. p. 64. 5781:. Courier Dover. p. 306. 5724:Byrne, R. (21 December 1984). 5148:"Capablanca's Reply to Lasker" 5028:. Pergamon Press. p. 58. 4280: 4134: 4113: 4097: 4057: 4043: 3876:Lost World Chess Championship 1339: 1315:was usually stronger than the 974:. He tied for second place at 815:New York 1927 chess tournament 775:New York 1927 chess tournament 747:New York 1924 chess tournament 357:)—a margin comparable to what 16:Cuban chess player (1888–1942) 1: 7733:Works by José Raúl Capablanca 7668:Miguel Angel Sánchez (2015). 7551:. London, UK: Pergamon Press. 7477:The World's Great Chess Games 7460:Capablanca Best Chess Endings 7303:Reynolds. Q. (2 March 1935). 7174:"Synthesis of General Theory" 6659:. McFarland. pp. 42–43. 6503:Miguel Angel Sánchez (2015). 6306:"World Championship Disorder" 6253:The World's Great Chess Games 6251:(1976). "The Age of Lasker". 6184:The World's Great Chess Games 6182:(1976). "The Age of Lasker". 5977:The World's Great Chess Games 5959:The World's Great Chess Games 5877:"Capablanca v Alekhine, 1927" 5760:The World's Great Chess Games 5704:"The Genius and the Princess" 5237:The Oxford Companion to Chess 5177:The World's Great Chess Games 4740:. R.H.M. Press. p. 170. 4635:The World's Great Chess Games 4588:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4440:My Great Predecessors, part I 4217:Reynolds, Q. (2 March 1935). 4143:"How I learned to play chess" 4037: 3243:(7½); ahead of eight others. 1293:Capablanca founded no school 1166: 1096:were flooded with blood. The 819:World Chess Championship 1927 813:Since Capablanca had won the 363:1907 World Championship match 163:1911 San Sebastián tournament 7700:Biography on Chesscorner.com 7693:player profile and games at 7045:"Fischer on Icelandic Radio" 5453:. London: Batsford. p. 4714:, stating his objections to 3270:Behind Flohr (7½); ahead of 752:Moscow 1925 chess tournament 281:team, and soon was starting 235: 23:, the first or paternal 7: 7873:FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 7862:Knockout format (1998–2004) 7721:The Genius and the Princess 7717:– a program implementation. 7410:Capablanca: A Compendium .. 7132:"Capablanca Goes Algebraic" 6657:Chess Lists, Second Edition 6476:Edward Winter, ed. (1981). 6122:"Event Details: AVRO, 1938" 6094:, 7 December 1933, page 31. 5672:Capablanca: A Compendium .. 4867:. Dover. pp. 157–158. 3990: 1311:pointed out that while the 1150: 936:Return to competitive chess 275:Columbia College (New York) 10: 8615: 8574:Chess Olympiad competitors 8549:20th-century chess players 7240:Kaufman, L. (March 1999). 6075:"Capablanca's clean sweep" 4386:"Simultaneous Exhibitions" 4141:Capablanca, J. R. (1916). 3453: 3434: 3426: 3395: 3376: 3356: 3335: 3323: 3297: 3269: 3250: 3238: 3212: 3193: 3173: 3154: 3142: 3123: 3115: 3096: 3089: 3070: 3062: 3033:Ahead of Rubinstein (9½), 3032: 3008: 2978: 2957: 2949: 2921: 2891: 2870: 2854: 2835: 2815: 2794: 2782: 2763: 2751: 2732: 2720: 2701: 2685: 2664: 2652: 2633: 2625: 2606: 2598: 2579: 2559: 2538: 2527: 2503: 2469: 2450: 2426: 2399: 2378: 1380: 1231:—and immediately ahead of 1198:AVRO 1938 chess tournament 1175: 1172:Playing strength and style 18: 8554:Chess players from Havana 8498: 8382:Other world championships 8381: 8291: 8208: 8167: 8160: 8007: 7896: 7847: 7841:World Chess Championships 7798: 7789: 7781: 7776: 7172:Capablanca, José (2002). 7147:"A Lecture by Capablanca" 7006:Bratko and Guid. (2011). 6535:10.1076/jhin.7.2.137.1866 6108:Dutch Public Broadcasting 6090:, January 1934, page 15; 5975:(1952). "Isaac Kashdan". 4768:. Dover. pp. 19–20. 4652:. Dover. pp. 65–67. 3668: 3490: 3373: 3247: 3190: 2954: 2867: 2855:Ahead of Alekhine (11½), 2470:Ahead of Marshall (10½), 2447: 2375: 2337: 2331: 2242:. Revised and updated by 768:Capablanca–Alekhine match 705:London tournament of 1922 468:First Match game between 153:. He beat Cuban champion 142:skill and speed of play. 115: 101: 95:Captaincy General of Cuba 77: 67: 59: 47: 42: 7777:Awards and achievements 7765:30 December 2021 at the 6742:See the summary list at 5056:"Capablanca Interviewed" 4864:107 Great Chess Battles' 4702:This cites: a report of 3848:World Chess Championship 2169:after losing his title. 1138:Orlando Hernández-Meilán 1016: 491:simultaneous exhibitions 451:World Chess Championship 323:simultaneous exhibitions 8589:Chess variant inventors 7657:. Russell Enterprises, 7337:Trice, E. (June 2004). 6576:10.1136/bmj.1.5396.1479 6563:British Medical Journal 6088:American Chess Bulletin 5297:. Pitman. p. 218. 5141:American Chess Bulletin 5109:American Chess Bulletin 5054:Winter, Edward (1939). 4764:Marshall, F.J. (1960). 2922:Ahead of Marshall (6), 2824:(4½), Marshall (3) and 844:Queen's Gambit Declined 809:Alekhine vs. Capablanca 337:, who had won the 1904 200:. He died in 1942 of a 7617:Edward Winter (1989). 7590:The Unknown Capablanca 7388:"Capablanca on Moscow" 7358:10.3233/ICG-2004-27203 6940:10.3233/ICG-2006-29203 6705:Capablanca–Keres games 5550:"Jose Raul Capablanca" 5447:Damsky, Yakov (2005). 5152:British Chess Magazine 5125:British Chess Magazine 4738:The Unknown Capablanca 4390:The Unknown Capablanca 4355:Reinfeld, F. (1990) . 4257:The Unknown Capablanca 3653:Eugene Znosko-Borovsky 2863:(8) and Marshall (6). 2686:Ahead of Kostić (9½), 2211:British Chess Magazine 1078: 1029: 1025:Capablanca's grave at 863: 810: 762:(5) and Maroczy (4½). 700: 637: 575:, and approved at the 568: 526:round-robin tournament 511:Fyodor Duz-Chotimirsky 507:Eugene Znosko-Borovsky 473: 318: 245: 8559:World chess champions 7888:Candidates Tournament 7638:My Great Predecessors 7584:Dale Brandreth & 7549:World Chess Champions 7539:Grandmasters of Chess 7512:"The Marshall Gambit" 7089:Golombek, H. (1947). 6478:World Chess Champions 6110:archives, 18 May 2012 6086:Based on reports in: 5907:. Dover. p. 80. 5860:Alekhine, A. (1960). 5779:Modern chess strategy 5652:Alekhine, A. (1960). 5606:Alekhine, A. (1960). 5026:World Chess Champions 4974:"The Marshall Gambit" 4708:New York Evening Post 4302:Columbia University: 3917:This game features a 3708:Fedor Duz-Khotimirsky 3400:(7½) and four others 3365:(6), Ragozin (6) and 2694:(7) and eight others 2192:Capablanca's writings 1289:Influence on the game 1176:Further information: 1073: 1024: 905:simultaneous displays 861: 808: 698: 635: 550: 467: 441:World title contender 316: 243: 147:Castillo del Príncipe 134:from 1921 to 1927. A 7792:World Chess Champion 7710:Capablanca biography 7691:Jose Raul Capablanca 7475:(1952). "Max Euwe". 6738:Warriors of the Mind 6607:Jose Raul Capablanca 6453:"Capablanca's Death" 5957:(1952). "Max Euwe". 5482:Young, M.C. (1998). 5293:B. M. Kazić (1974). 5123:of 3 July 1920, the 4951:"The Total Marshall" 4304:José Raúl Capablanca 3973: 3965: 3964:Pawn play utilizing 3951: 3919:Greek gift sacrifice 3528:Frank James Marshall 3186:(5) and four others 2859:(10½), Vidmar (10), 2437:Frank James Marshall 2157: 1327:, analysing a large 1273: 1266:Manhattan Chess Club 1213:Warriors of the Mind 1057:Mount Sinai Hospital 1049:Manhattan Chess Club 1040: 1006: 902: 899:Manhattan Chess Club 613: 291:Manhattan Chess Club 231:Biography and career 132:world chess champion 43:José Raúl Capablanca 8569:Cuban chess players 8564:Chess theoreticians 7571:. London, UK: Bell. 7280:Gambit Publications 7219:. pp. 422–23. 7130:Winter, E. (1997). 6751:on 26 November 2009 6745:"All Time Rankings" 6612:2 June 2023 at the 6570:(5396): 1479–1480. 6233:Hannak, J. (1959). 4994:Silman, J. (2004). 4829:Soltis, A. (1975). 4032:Capablanca Memorial 3755:Savielly Tartakower 3147:(8½) and 10 others 3035:Savielly Tartakower 1235:. In his 1978 book 1161:Capablanca Memorial 1130:cerebrospinal fluid 1100:were flattened and 1061:cerebral hemorrhage 996:hypertensive crisis 972:high blood pressure 703:Capablanca won the 608:is so complex that 198:high blood pressure 7802:Alexander Alekhine 7760:Chess Fundamentals 7752:Chess Fundamentals 7715:Capablanca's Chess 7642:. Everyman Chess, 7315:on 18 January 2000 7309:Collier's Magazine 7153:on 20 January 2013 6893:Sonas, J. (2005). 6633:on 13 October 2009 6352:Capablanca's Death 6333:on 20 October 2008 6092:The New York Times 5903:Fine, R. (1983) . 5731:The New York Times 5587:on 21 January 2005 5371:"The London Rules" 4692:on 20 January 2005 4648:Kmoch, H. (1960). 4229:on 18 January 2000 4053:. 6 February 2020. 3858:Alexander Alekhine 3686:Alexander Alekhine 3274:and eight others. 3037:(8) and 11 others 2566:Alexander Alekhine 2318:Tournament results 2287:, with preface by 2232:Chess Fundamentals 1354:Chess Fundamentals 1350:Chess Fundamentals 1303:Chess Fundamentals 1276:prepared variation 1147:on 15 March 1942. 1132:counteracting the 1090:ventricular system 1030: 1003:8th Chess Olympiad 864: 823:contest in 1984–85 811: 701: 638: 636:Capablanca in 1920 616:prepared variation 584:During World War I 530:double round-robin 503:Alexander Alekhine 474: 406:San Sebastián 1911 319: 317:Capablanca in 1919 309:Early adult career 246: 213:Chess Fundamentals 194:Alexander Alekhine 54:Capablanca in 1931 8526: 8525: 8287: 8286: 7808: 7807: 7799:Succeeded by 7737:Project Gutenberg 7663:978-1-888690-56-9 7339:"80-Square Chess" 7226:978-1-85744-555-8 7178:A Primer of Chess 7051:. 4 November 2006 6983:Riis, S. (2006). 4996:"Marshall Attack" 4253:"The Corzo Match" 4147:Munsey's Magazine 4121:"Jose Capablanca" 4028:– 7 December 1925 3905: 3904: 3603:Richard Teichmann 3458: 3457: 3398:Nicolas Rossolimo 3367:Vladimirs Petrovs 3180:Mikhail Botvinnik 2688:Sir George Thomas 2570:Siegbert Tarrasch 2371:and third games. 2289:Benjamin Anderson 2285:A Primer of Chess 2091: 2090: 1308:A Primer of Chess 1229:Mikhail Botvinnik 950:Mikhail Botvinnik 647:In January 1920, 495:Richard Teichmann 435:Siegbert Tarrasch 339:Cambridge Springs 217:Mikhail Botvinnik 175:Siegbert Tarrasch 125: 124: 111:New York City, US 8606: 8516: 8506: 8505: 8165: 8164: 7834: 7827: 7820: 7811: 7810: 7782:Preceded by 7774: 7773: 7746:Internet Archive 7614: 7535:Harold Schonberg 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7469: 7463: 7458:Irving Chernev, 7456: 7450: 7449: 7441: 7424: 7423: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7366: 7360:. Archived from 7343: 7334: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7311:. Archived from 7305:"One Man's Mind" 7300: 7294: 7293: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7248:. Archived from 7237: 7231: 7230: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7169: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7149:. Archived from 7145:Winter, Edward. 7142: 7136: 7135: 7127: 7114: 7112: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7086: 7080: 7078: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7041: 7032: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6917: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6870:. Archived from 6865: 6863: 6861: 6852:. Archived from 6847: 6845: 6843: 6834:. Archived from 6829: 6827: 6825: 6816:. Archived from 6810: 6804: 6790: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6747:. Archived from 6741: 6734:Divinsky, Nathan 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6629:. Archived from 6623: 6617: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6587: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6514: 6508: 6501: 6492: 6491: 6473: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6448: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6365: 6359: 6356:chesshistory.com 6349: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6329:. Archived from 6323: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6286: 6267: 6266: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6230: 6224: 6222: 6209:Capablanca chess 6204: 6198: 6197: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6161: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6117: 6111: 6101: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6070: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6050:Chessmetrics.com 6041: 6035: 6034: 6026: 6007: 6006: 5998: 5981: 5980: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5936: 5919: 5918: 5900: 5894: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5815: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5752: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5699: 5686: 5685: 5667: 5658: 5657: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5629:. Archived from 5618: 5612: 5611: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5583:. Archived from 5576: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5531: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5497: 5478: 5469: 5468: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5395:. Archived from 5388: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5350:on 31 March 2016 5346:. Archived from 5339: 5333: 5332: 5324: 5309: 5308: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5204:. Archived from 5194:Vladimir Kramnik 5190: 5181: 5180: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5107:. Winter cites: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5096:Chesshistory.com 5084: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5051: 5040: 5039: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5002:on 12 April 2012 4998:. Archived from 4991: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4903:on 31 March 2016 4899:. Archived from 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4858: 4845: 4844: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4797:Capablanca chess 4792: 4786: 4779: 4761: 4752: 4751: 4733: 4727: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4682: 4673: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4627: 4608: 4607: 4591: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4529: 4523: 4518: 4510: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4468: 4459: 4458: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4352: 4307: 4300: 4294: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4248: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4225:. Archived from 4223:Collier's Weekly 4219:"One Man's Mind" 4214: 4203: 4202: 4194: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4149:. pp. 94–96 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4117: 4111: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4088: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4067:. Archived from 4061: 4055: 4054: 4047: 4007: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3977: 3969: 3955: 3954:brilliancy prize 3476: 3475: 3441: 3440: 3411: 3410: 3383: 3382: 3342: 3341: 3309: 3308: 3285: 3284: 3272:Gideon Ståhlberg 3257: 3256: 3241:Samuel Reshevsky 3224: 3223: 3200: 3199: 3184:Andor Lilienthal 3161: 3160: 3130: 3129: 3103: 3102: 3077: 3076: 3048: 3047: 3020: 3019: 2994: 2993: 2964: 2963: 2937: 2936: 2907: 2906: 2877: 2876: 2861:Rudolf Spielmann 2857:Aron Nimzowitsch 2842: 2841: 2801: 2800: 2770: 2769: 2739: 2738: 2708: 2707: 2671: 2670: 2640: 2639: 2613: 2612: 2586: 2585: 2564:(13½); ahead of 2545: 2544: 2515: 2514: 2489: 2488: 2457: 2456: 2429:Akiba Rubinstein 2411: 2410: 2385: 2384: 2355: 2354: 2326: 2325: 2161: 2130: 2110: 2046: 2039: 2032: 2025: 2018: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1968: 1961: 1954: 1947: 1940: 1933: 1926: 1919: 1912: 1905: 1890: 1883: 1876: 1869: 1862: 1855: 1848: 1841: 1834: 1827: 1812: 1805: 1798: 1791: 1784: 1777: 1770: 1763: 1756: 1749: 1734: 1727: 1720: 1713: 1706: 1699: 1692: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1656: 1649: 1642: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1614: 1607: 1600: 1593: 1578: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1522: 1515: 1500: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1389: 1383:Capablanca chess 1377:Capablanca chess 1281:example against 1277: 1193:Rudolf Spielmann 1126:contraindication 1044: 1010: 954:Andor Lilienthal 915:Samuel Reshevsky 906: 895:Great Depression 835:Vladimir Kramnik 801:Losing the title 783:Rudolf Spielmann 713:Akiba Rubinstein 685:Vladimir Kramnik 661:Akiba Rubinstein 617: 487:Saint Petersburg 423:Akiba Rubinstein 418:Aron Nimzowitsch 215:was regarded by 202:brain hemorrhage 171:Aron Nimzowitsch 167:Akiba Rubinstein 108: 97:, Spanish Empire 88:19 November 1888 87: 85: 52: 40: 39: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8603: 8594:Cuban diplomats 8529: 8528: 8527: 8522: 8494: 8377: 8283: 8204: 8156: 8003: 7892: 7878:FIDE Grand Prix 7868:Chess World Cup 7864: 7843: 7838: 7804: 7795: 7787: 7767:Wayback Machine 7726:Edward Winter, 7687: 7611: 7597:Chernev, Irving 7531: 7529:Further reading 7526: 7516: 7514: 7508: 7504: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7470: 7466: 7457: 7453: 7442: 7427: 7420: 7406: 7402: 7392: 7390: 7384: 7380: 7370: 7368: 7367:on 6 March 2009 7364: 7341: 7335: 7328: 7318: 7316: 7301: 7297: 7290: 7269: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7252:on 30 June 2012 7238: 7234: 7227: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7170: 7166: 7156: 7154: 7143: 7139: 7128: 7117: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7087: 7083: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7043: 7042: 7035: 7027: 7023: 7013: 7011: 7004: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6981: 6977: 6967: 6965: 6958: 6954: 6944: 6942: 6918: 6914: 6903: 6901: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6874:on 9 March 2012 6866: 6859: 6857: 6856:on 9 March 2012 6848: 6841: 6839: 6838:on 9 March 2012 6830: 6823: 6821: 6820:on 9 March 2012 6812: 6811: 6807: 6787: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6614:Wayback Machine 6605: 6601: 6554: 6550: 6515: 6511: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6474: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6449: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6395: 6393: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6310: 6308: 6302: 6298: 6287: 6270: 6263: 6246: 6242: 6231: 6227: 6219: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6177: 6173: 6162: 6137: 6127: 6125: 6118: 6114: 6102: 6098: 6079: 6077: 6071: 6064: 6054: 6052: 6042: 6038: 6027: 6010: 5999: 5984: 5970: 5966: 5952: 5948: 5937: 5922: 5915: 5901: 5897: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5869: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5771: 5767: 5753: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5700: 5689: 5682: 5668: 5661: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5633:on 13 July 2011 5619: 5615: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5577: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5554:Chesscorner.com 5548: 5547: 5543: 5532: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5501:"Chess Records" 5499: 5494: 5479: 5472: 5465: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5426:Chessmaniac.com 5420: 5419: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5389: 5385: 5375: 5373: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5325: 5312: 5305: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5191: 5184: 5170: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5100: 5098: 5085: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5052: 5043: 5036: 5019: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4953:. 15 April 2002 4949: 4948: 4944: 4933: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4859: 4848: 4841: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4793: 4789: 4776: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4734: 4730: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4646: 4642: 4628: 4611: 4604: 4575: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4537: 4535: 4533:"New York 1910" 4531: 4530: 4526: 4511: 4488: 4477: 4475: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4447:. p. 232. 4435:Kasparov, Garry 4432: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4400: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4353: 4310: 4301: 4297: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4249: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4215: 4206: 4195: 4162: 4152: 4150: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4102: 4098: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4072: 4071:on 29 July 2017 4065:"Archived copy" 4063: 4062: 4058: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4003: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3979: 3971: 3958:for Capablanca. 3957: 3910: 3730:Ossip Bernstein 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3470: 3435: 3413:AVRO tournament 3405: 3377: 3363:Erich Eliskases 3336: 3303: 3279: 3251: 3218: 3194: 3155: 3124: 3097: 3071: 3042: 3014: 2988: 2958: 2931: 2901: 2871: 2836: 2818:Abraham Kupchik 2795: 2764: 2733: 2723:Efim Bogoljubow 2702: 2692:Frederick Yates 2665: 2634: 2607: 2580: 2539: 2509: 2483: 2451: 2441:Ossip Bernstein 2405: 2379: 2349: 2320: 2263:Frederick Yates 2244:Nick de Firmian 2218:My Chess Career 2194: 2176:and in 1874 by 2163: 2152:Capablanca and 2096: 2095: 2094: 1385: 1379: 1367:My Chess Career 1363:My Chess Career 1346:My Chess Career 1342: 1291: 1279: 1205:Nathan Divinsky 1180: 1174: 1169: 1153: 1122:lumbar puncture 1053:Eli Moschcowitz 1046: 1019: 1012: 943:AVRO tournament 938: 908: 856: 803: 760:Abraham Kupchik 717:Efim Bogoljubow 630: 622:Borislav Kostić 619: 594:Marshall Attack 586: 443: 431:Carl Schlechter 414:Ossip Bernstein 311: 238: 233: 110: 106: 89: 83: 81: 55: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8612: 8602: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8510: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8443:Correspondence 8440: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8418: 8417: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8391: 8385: 8383: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8375: 8354: 8328: 8306: 8295: 8293: 8289: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8271: 8261: 8251: 8241: 8231: 8212: 8210: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8188: 8173: 8171: 8162: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8132: 8126: 8106: 8096: 8086: 8072: 8062: 8052: 8042: 8032: 8013: 8011: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7991: 7981: 7963: 7953: 7946:1910 (Nov–Dec) 7942:1910 (Jan–Feb) 7923: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7859: 7854: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7837: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7814: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7797: 7788: 7785:Emanuel Lasker 7783: 7779: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7756: 7748: 7739: 7730: 7724: 7718: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7695:Chessgames.com 7686: 7685:External links 7683: 7682: 7681: 7678:978-0786470044 7666: 7651: 7633:Garry Kasparov 7630: 7627:978-0899504551 7615: 7609: 7593: 7582: 7572: 7565:Harry Golombek 7562: 7555:Irving Chernev 7552: 7542: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7502: 7496:Chessgames.com 7482: 7464: 7451: 7425: 7418: 7400: 7378: 7326: 7295: 7288: 7282:. p. 73. 7263: 7232: 7225: 7217:Everyman Chess 7200: 7186: 7164: 7137: 7115: 7109:Chessgames.com 7096: 7081: 7075:chessgames.com 7062: 7033: 7021: 6998: 6975: 6952: 6912: 6885: 6805: 6797:Anatoly Karpov 6785: 6762: 6730:Keene, Raymond 6721: 6709: 6697: 6685:chessgames.com 6672: 6665: 6644: 6618: 6599: 6548: 6529:(2): 137–140. 6509: 6493: 6486: 6465: 6440: 6418: 6381: 6360: 6344: 6318: 6296: 6268: 6261: 6240: 6225: 6217: 6199: 6192: 6171: 6135: 6124:. Chessmetrics 6112: 6096: 6062: 6036: 6008: 5982: 5964: 5946: 5920: 5913: 5895: 5867: 5851: 5844: 5826: 5801: 5787: 5765: 5744: 5716: 5687: 5680: 5659: 5644: 5623:"Introduction" 5613: 5598: 5566: 5541: 5513: 5492: 5470: 5463: 5439: 5428:. 28 June 2007 5410: 5399:on 16 May 2008 5383: 5361: 5334: 5310: 5303: 5285: 5278: 5268:, ed. (1977). 5257: 5250: 5219: 5208:on 12 May 2008 5182: 5164: 5088:Winter, Edward 5072: 5041: 5034: 5013: 4986: 4964: 4942: 4914: 4887: 4873: 4846: 4839: 4821: 4812: 4805: 4787: 4774: 4753: 4746: 4728: 4674: 4665: 4658: 4640: 4609: 4602: 4566: 4545: 4524: 4486: 4460: 4453: 4445:Everyman Chess 4426: 4405: 4398: 4376: 4369: 4308: 4295: 4279: 4265: 4240: 4204: 4160: 4133: 4112: 4096: 4056: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4023: 4015: 4009: 4008: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3981: 3959: 3945: 3939: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3830:Emanuel Lasker 3827: 3823: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3780:Arnold Aurbach 3777: 3773: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3715:St. Petersburg 3713: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3693:St. Petersburg 3691: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3660:St. Petersburg 3658: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3628:Jacques Mieses 3625: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3469: 3466: 3462:Chess Olympiad 3456: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3300: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3276: 3275: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3039: 3038: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2985: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2803:Lake Hopatcong 2793: 2789: 2788: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2562:Emanuel Lasker 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2547:St. Petersburg 2537: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2480: 2479: 2476:Dawid Janowski 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2357:New York State 2347: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2300: 2282: 2267:William Winter 2255: 2229: 2215: 2193: 2190: 2174:Pietro Carrera 2150: 2149: 2124: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2040: 2033: 2026: 2019: 2012: 2005: 1998: 1991: 1984: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1913: 1906: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1884: 1877: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1828: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1757: 1750: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1728: 1721: 1714: 1707: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1679: 1672: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1629: 1622: 1615: 1608: 1601: 1594: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1572: 1565: 1558: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1494: 1487: 1480: 1473: 1466: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1438: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1381:Main article: 1378: 1375: 1358:Julius du Mont 1341: 1338: 1290: 1287: 1233:Emanuel Lasker 1221:Anatoly Karpov 1217:Garry Kasparov 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1152: 1149: 1145:Colón Cemetery 1094:cisterna magna 1027:Colón Cemetery 1018: 1015: 937: 934: 923:Milton Hanauer 855: 852: 831:Garry Kasparov 827:Anatoly Karpov 802: 799: 756:Lake Hopatcong 727:, Rubinstein, 677:Harry Golombek 629: 628:World Champion 626: 610:Garry Kasparov 596:, against the 585: 582: 499:Jacques Mieses 442: 439: 367:chess openings 347:Dawid Janowski 343:Emanuel Lasker 331:Frank Marshall 310: 307: 299:Emanuel Lasker 237: 234: 232: 229: 225:Anatoly Karpov 179:Emanuel Lasker 159:Frank Marshall 123: 122: 119: 117:World Champion 113: 112: 109:(aged 53) 103: 99: 98: 79: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 61: 60:Full name 57: 56: 53: 45: 44: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8611: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8584:Chess writers 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8519: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8501: 8500: 8497: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8396: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8367: 8362: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8307: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8290: 8279: 8275: 8272: 8269: 8265: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8239: 8235: 8232: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8189: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8169:PCA/Classical 8166: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8130: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8111: 8107: 8104: 8100: 8097: 8094: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8073: 8070: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7995: 7992: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7964: 7961: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7895: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7846: 7842: 7835: 7830: 7828: 7823: 7821: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7803: 7794: 7793: 7786: 7780: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7747: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7719: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7649: 7648:1-85744-330-6 7645: 7641: 7639: 7634: 7631: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7610:0-486-28674-6 7606: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7575:Fred Reinfeld 7573: 7570: 7566: 7563: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7545:Edward Winter 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7513: 7510:Winter, E.G. 7506: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7486: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7461: 7455: 7447: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7421: 7419:0-89950-455-8 7415: 7412:. McFarland. 7411: 7404: 7389: 7386:Winter, E.G. 7382: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7331: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7299: 7291: 7289:1-901983-07-2 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7236: 7228: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7189: 7187:0-15-602807-7 7183: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7152: 7148: 7141: 7133: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7092: 7085: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7038: 7030: 7025: 7009: 7002: 6986: 6979: 6963: 6956: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6916: 6900: 6899:Chessbase.com 6896: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6855: 6851: 6837: 6833: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6793:Bobby Fischer 6788: 6786:0-668-04721-6 6782: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6718: 6717:A.V.R.O. 1938 6713: 6706: 6701: 6686: 6682: 6676: 6668: 6666:0-7864-1296-8 6662: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6506: 6500: 6498: 6489: 6487:0-08-024094-1 6483: 6479: 6472: 6470: 6454: 6451:Winter, E.G. 6447: 6445: 6429: 6426:Winter, E.G. 6422: 6407: 6404:Winter, E.G. 6392: 6389:Winter, E.G. 6385: 6370: 6364: 6357: 6353: 6348: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6307: 6300: 6292: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6264: 6262:0-486-24512-8 6258: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6236: 6229: 6220: 6218:0-89950-455-8 6214: 6211:. McFarland. 6210: 6203: 6195: 6193:0-486-24512-8 6189: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6167: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6089: 6076: 6073:Winter, E.G. 6069: 6067: 6051: 6047: 6040: 6032: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6004: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5942: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5916: 5914:0-486-24429-6 5910: 5906: 5899: 5892: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5855: 5847: 5845:0-486-25323-6 5841: 5837: 5830: 5812: 5805: 5790: 5788:0-486-20290-9 5784: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5749: 5733: 5732: 5727: 5720: 5705: 5702:Winter, E.G. 5698: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5683: 5681:0-89950-455-8 5677: 5674:. McFarland. 5673: 5666: 5664: 5655: 5648: 5632: 5628: 5627:New York 1927 5624: 5617: 5609: 5602: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5537: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5502: 5495: 5493:0-553-58075-2 5489: 5485: 5477: 5475: 5466: 5464:0-7134-8946-4 5460: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5443: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5415: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5372: 5369:Winter, E.G. 5365: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5330: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5306: 5304:0-273-07078-9 5300: 5296: 5289: 5281: 5279:0-517-53146-1 5275: 5271: 5267: 5261: 5253: 5251:0-19-866164-9 5247: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5061: 5057: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5037: 5035:0-08-024094-1 5031: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4975: 4972:Winter, E.G. 4968: 4952: 4946: 4938: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4876: 4874:0-486-27104-8 4870: 4866: 4865: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4842: 4840:0-8019-6138-6 4836: 4832: 4825: 4816: 4808: 4806:0-89950-455-8 4802: 4799:. McFarland. 4798: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4775:0-486-20604-1 4771: 4767: 4760: 4758: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4721: 4718:'s proposal; 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4679: 4669: 4661: 4659:0-486-20617-3 4655: 4651: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4605: 4603:0-19-866164-9 4599: 4595: 4590: 4589: 4583: 4582:Kenneth Whyld 4579: 4573: 4571: 4555: 4549: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4474: 4467: 4465: 4456: 4454:1-85744-330-6 4450: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4415: 4409: 4401: 4399:0-486-27614-7 4395: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4372: 4370:0-486-26333-9 4366: 4362: 4358: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4305: 4299: 4292: 4291:Arnold Denker 4288: 4283: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4245: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4200: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4109:9781476614991 4106: 4100: 4092: 4086: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4052: 4046: 4042: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3995: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3911: 3908:Notable games 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3553:Charles Jaffe 3551: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3468:Match results 3465: 3463: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3439: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3340: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3255: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3198: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3159: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3145:Isaac Kashdan 3139: 3136: 3133: 3128: 3120: 3119: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3101: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3075: 3067: 3066: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3012: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2962: 2953: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2879:Bad Kissingen 2875: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2840: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2826:Edward Lasker 2823: 2819: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2799: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2768: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2737: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2706: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2638: 2630: 2629: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2584: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2543: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2530:Oldřich Duras 2524: 2521: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2507: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2472:Charles Jaffe 2466: 2463: 2460: 2455: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413:San Sebastián 2409: 2404: 2403: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2383: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303:Last Lectures 2301: 2298: 2297:0-15-602807-7 2294: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2279:0-486-23189-5 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2252:0-8129-3681-7 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2226:1-84382-091-9 2223: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2189: 2187: 2186:Embassy Chess 2183: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2154:Edward Lasker 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1384: 1374: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325:Larry Kaufman 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1286: 1284: 1278: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1262:Boris Spassky 1259: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225:Bobby Fischer 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1209:Raymond Keene 1206: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1148: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1115:noradrenaline 1112: 1111:acetylcholine 1108: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1037: 1035: 1028: 1023: 1014: 1011: 1004: 999: 997: 993: 989: 983: 981: 977: 973: 968: 964: 959: 955: 951: 946: 944: 933: 931: 930:Han Hollander 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 907: 900: 896: 891: 889: 884: 882: 878: 874: 873:Isaac Kashdan 870: 860: 851: 847: 845: 840: 839:Luděk Pachman 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 807: 798: 796: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 771: 769: 763: 761: 757: 753: 748: 743: 741: 737: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 697: 693: 689: 686: 682: 681:Fred Reinfeld 678: 674: 669: 667: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 643: 634: 625: 623: 618: 611: 607: 603: 602:Edward Winter 599: 595: 590: 581: 578: 574: 567: 565: 561: 556: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 482: 479: 471: 466: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 396:According to 394: 392: 391:San Sebastián 388: 384: 383:Charles Jaffe 380: 375: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 315: 306: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 242: 228: 226: 222: 221:Bobby Fischer 218: 214: 210: 209:Bobby Fischer 205: 203: 199: 195: 190: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 143: 141: 137: 136:chess prodigy 133: 129: 120: 118: 114: 104: 100: 96: 92: 80: 76: 73: 70: 66: 62: 58: 51: 46: 41: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 8370: 8364: 8268:Kasimdzhanov 8108: 7959: 7790: 7758: 7750: 7669: 7654: 7636: 7618: 7600: 7589: 7586:David Hooper 7578: 7568: 7558: 7548: 7538: 7515:. Retrieved 7505: 7494: 7485: 7476: 7467: 7459: 7454: 7445: 7409: 7403: 7391:. Retrieved 7381: 7369:. Retrieved 7362:the original 7349: 7346:ICGA Journal 7345: 7317:. Retrieved 7313:the original 7308: 7298: 7275: 7272:Watson, John 7266: 7254:. Retrieved 7250:the original 7245: 7235: 7212: 7209:Flear, Glenn 7203: 7191:. Retrieved 7177: 7167: 7155:. Retrieved 7151:the original 7140: 7108: 7099: 7090: 7084: 7074: 7065: 7053:. Retrieved 7029:Chess Canada 7028: 7024: 7012:. Retrieved 7001: 6989:. Retrieved 6978: 6966:. Retrieved 6955: 6943:. Retrieved 6934:(2): 65–73. 6931: 6927:ICGA Journal 6925: 6915: 6902:. Retrieved 6898: 6888: 6876:. Retrieved 6872:the original 6858:. Retrieved 6854:the original 6840:. Retrieved 6836:the original 6822:. Retrieved 6818:the original 6808: 6775: 6765: 6753:. Retrieved 6749:the original 6737: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6700: 6688:. Retrieved 6684: 6675: 6656: 6647: 6635:. Retrieved 6631:the original 6621: 6602: 6567: 6561: 6551: 6526: 6522: 6512: 6504: 6477: 6456:. Retrieved 6431:. Retrieved 6421: 6409:. Retrieved 6394:. Retrieved 6384: 6372:. Retrieved 6363: 6355: 6347: 6337:15 September 6335:. Retrieved 6331:the original 6321: 6311:15 September 6309:. Retrieved 6299: 6290: 6252: 6243: 6234: 6228: 6208: 6202: 6183: 6174: 6165: 6126:. Retrieved 6115: 6107: 6099: 6091: 6087: 6078:. Retrieved 6053:. Retrieved 6049: 6039: 6030: 6002: 5976: 5973:Fine, Reuben 5967: 5958: 5955:Fine, Reuben 5949: 5940: 5904: 5898: 5890: 5880:. Retrieved 5870: 5861: 5854: 5835: 5829: 5817:. Retrieved 5804: 5792:. Retrieved 5778: 5768: 5759: 5756:Fine, Reuben 5735:. Retrieved 5729: 5719: 5707:. Retrieved 5671: 5653: 5647: 5635:. Retrieved 5631:the original 5626: 5616: 5607: 5601: 5589:. Retrieved 5585:the original 5557:. Retrieved 5553: 5544: 5535: 5504:. Retrieved 5483: 5449: 5442: 5430:. Retrieved 5425: 5401:. Retrieved 5397:the original 5391:Clayton, G. 5386: 5374:. Retrieved 5364: 5352:. Retrieved 5348:the original 5337: 5328: 5294: 5288: 5269: 5266:Golombek, H. 5260: 5236: 5222: 5210:. Retrieved 5206:the original 5201: 5176: 5167: 5155:. Retrieved 5151: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5099:. Retrieved 5095: 5063:. Retrieved 5059: 5025: 5016: 5004:. Retrieved 5000:the original 4989: 4977:. Retrieved 4967: 4955:. Retrieved 4945: 4936: 4905:. Retrieved 4901:the original 4890: 4878:. Retrieved 4863: 4830: 4824: 4815: 4796: 4790: 4782: 4765: 4737: 4731: 4707: 4694:. Retrieved 4690:the original 4668: 4649: 4643: 4634: 4587: 4578:David Hooper 4557:. Retrieved 4548: 4536:. Retrieved 4527: 4514: 4476:. Retrieved 4439: 4429: 4417:. Retrieved 4408: 4389: 4379: 4360: 4298: 4286: 4282: 4270:. Retrieved 4256: 4231:. Retrieved 4227:the original 4222: 4198: 4151:. Retrieved 4146: 4136: 4124:. Retrieved 4115: 4099: 4073:. Retrieved 4069:the original 4059: 4045: 4017: 3866:Buenos Aires 3805:Boris Kostić 3578:Oscar Chajes 3471: 3460:At the 1939 3459: 3178:(6½); ahead 2981:Vera Menchik 2822:Géza Maróczy 2754:Richard Réti 2655:Boris Kostić 2433:Milan Vidmar 2321: 2302: 2284: 2270: 2257: 2231: 2217: 2209: 2197: 2171: 2151: 2097: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1270: 1260: 1253: 1246:Chessmetrics 1236: 1212: 1202: 1184:Oscar Chajes 1181: 1158: 1154: 1142: 1119: 1079: 1074: 1065:hypertension 1063:provoked by 1038: 1031: 1000: 984: 967:time trouble 947: 939: 927: 892: 888:time trouble 885: 881:Chessmetrics 865: 848: 812: 791: 787:Milan Vidmar 772: 764: 744: 733: 725:Richard Réti 721:Géza Maróczy 709:Milan Vidmar 702: 690: 670: 646: 639: 587: 569: 554: 551: 515: 483: 475: 444: 429:, Marshall, 427:Milan Vidmar 398:David Hooper 395: 387:Oscar Chajes 371: 351:Chessmetrics 327:Géza Maróczy 320: 303: 266:illegal move 247: 212: 206: 191: 144: 127: 126: 107:(1942-03-08) 105:8 March 1942 37: 32: 28: 21:Spanish name 8544:1942 deaths 8539:1888 births 8161:Split title 8131:(no result) 7857:Interregnum 7193:4 September 7014:11 November 7010:. Chessbase 6987:. Chessbase 6964:. 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