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559:. This consisted of a mock game against the fictional player "Systemsson", supposedly played and annotated by Nimzowitsch himself. The annotations gleefully exaggerate the idea of overprotection, as well as asserting the true genius of the wondrous idea. Kmoch was in fact a great admirer of Nimzowitsch, and Nimzowitsch was amused at the effort.
566:
Nimzovich suffered from the delusion that he was unappreciated and that the reason was malice. All it took to make him blossom, as I later learned, was a little praise. His paranoia was most evident when he dined in company. He always thought he was served much smaller portions than everyone else. He
443:
in 1926 (listed in the notable games below) is a great example of
Nimzowitsch's concept of 'first restrain, then blockade and finally destroy'. He manoeuvres the black queen from its starting point to h7 to form a part of king-side blockade along with the knight on f6 and h-pawn to stop any attacking
538:
tells of the "... example of
Nimzowitsch, who ... once missed first prize in a tournament in Berlin by losing to Sämisch, and when it became clear he was going to lose the game, Nimzowitsch stood up on the table and shouted, 'Gegen diesen Idioten muss ich verlieren!' ('I must lose to this idiot!')".
542:
Nimzowitsch was annoyed by his opponents' smoking. A popular, but probably apocryphal, story is that once when an opponent laid an unlit cigar on the table, he complained to the tournament arbiters, "He is threatening to smoke, and as an old player you must know that the threat is stronger than the
426:
Nimzowitsch supplemented many of the earlier simplistic assumptions about chess strategy by enunciating in his turn a further number of general concepts of defensive play aimed at achieving one's own goals by preventing realization of the opponent's plans. Notable in his "system" were concepts such
567:
didn't care about the actual amount but only about the imagined affront. I once suggested that he and I order what the other actually wanted and, when the food was served, exchange plates. After we had done so, he shook his head in disbelief, still thinking that he had received the smaller portion.
458:
writes that
Nimzowitsch "was one of the world's leading grandmasters for a period extending over a quarter of a century, and for some of that time he was the obvious challenger for the world championship. ... a great and profound chess thinker second only to Steinitz, and his works –
423:, that development had to happen in support of this control, that rooks always belong on open files, that wing openings were unsound—core ideas of Tarrasch's chess philosophy as popularly understood—beginners were taught to think of these generalizations as unalterable principles.
452:. Perhaps most importantly, he formulated the terminology still in use for various complex chess strategies. Others had used these ideas in practice, but he was the first to present them systematically as a lexicon of themes accompanied by extensive taxonomical observations.
1114:"Copenhagen Police Record: "Nimzowitsch, Aron, chess master, born 07-11-1886 in Riga, from 29-11-1922 living c/o Nielsen, Nansensgade 32, 1st floor, from 11-06-1923 at Missionshotellet, Løngangstræde 27, and from 28-06-1923 c/o Juul, Øster Farimagsgade 11, 2. floor"
916:
Final position; " a brilliant move which announces the
Zugzwang. White has not a move left. If, e.g., Kh2 or g4, then R5f3. Black can now make waiting moves with his King, and White must, willy-nilly, eventually throw himself upon the sword."
494:. Keene wrote a book about the opening with that title. These openings all exemplify Nimzowitsch's ideas about controlling the center with pieces instead of pawns. He was also vital in the development of two important systems in the
392:, elaborates upon these ideas, adds a few new ones, and has immense value as a stimulating collection of Nimzowitsch's own games accompanied by his idiosyncratic, hyperbolic commentary which is often as entertaining as instructive.
276:. Nimzowitsch never developed a knack for match play, though; his best match success was a draw with Alekhine, but the match consisted of only two games and took place in 1914, thirteen years before Alekhine became world champion.
220:
war zone. He escaped being drafted into one of the armies by feigning madness, insisting that a fly was on his head. He then escaped to Berlin, and gave his first name as Arnold, possibly to avoid anti-Semitic persecution.
534:
There are many entertaining anecdotes regarding
Nimzowitsch—some less savory than others. An article by Hans Kmoch and Fred Reinfeld entitled "Unconventional Surrender" on page 55 of the February 1950
479:
called
Nimzowitsch "a man who was too much of an artist to be able to prove he was right and who was regarded as something of a madman in his time. He would be understood only long after his death."
1113:
201:, but set aside his studies soon and began a career as a professional chess player that same year. He won his first international tournament at Munich 1906. Then, he tied for first with
33:
1157:
583:
Although he had long suffered from heart trouble, his early death was unexpected; taken ill suddenly at the end of 1934, he lay bedridden for three months before dying of
388:
is considered to be one of the most influential chess books of all time. It sets out
Nimzowitsch's most important ideas, while his second most influential work,
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322:
Nimzowitsch is considered one of the most important players and writers in chess history. His works influenced numerous other players, including
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407:, and were upheld by Tarrasch's sharp tongue when dismissing the opinions of doubters. While the greatest players of the time, among them
143:
player and writer. In the late 1920s, Nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. He was the foremost figure amongst the
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419:, clearly did not allow their play to be hobbled by blind adherence to general concepts that the center had to be controlled by
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of pieces and pawns under attack, control of the center by pieces instead of pawns, blockading of opposing pieces (notably the
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Nimzowitsch had lengthy and somewhat bitter dogmatic conflicts with
Tarrasch over whose ideas constituted 'proper' chess.
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has dubbed the line 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.Nf3 Bb4 the "Nimzo-English", employing this designation in
Chapter 11 of his book
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Nimzowitsch never beat
Capablanca (+0−5=6), but fared better against Alekhine (+3−9=9). He even beat Alekhine with the
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399:, when first propounded, flew in the face of widely held orthodoxies enunciated by the dominant theorist of the era,
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1926. When in form, Nimzowitsch was very dangerous with the black pieces, scoring many fine wins over top players.
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197:– 1937), sister – Tsilya-Kreyna Pevzner, brothers Yakov, Osey and Benno. In 1904, he travelled to Berlin to study
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490:(1.e4 Nc6). Nimzowitsch biographer GM Raymond Keene and others have referred to 1.Nf3 followed by 2.b3 as the
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518:) and 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 d5?! (the latter regarded as dubious today). International Master
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twice, in 1924 and in 1934. He obtained Danish citizenship and lived in Denmark until his death in 1935.
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380:), 1925, although much in this book is generally held to be a rehash of material already presented in
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in 1922, where he lived for the rest of his life in one small rented room. In Copenhagen, he won the
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502:(in some places called the Nimzowitsch Variation; its moves are 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4) and the
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called him "perhaps the most brilliant theoretician and teacher in the history of the game." GM
157:, originally published in German in 1929, was purchased by a pre-teen and future World Champion
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Archival data are available at JewishGen.org. Surname is also in some documents written as N
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Many chess openings and variations are named after Nimzowitsch, the most famous being the
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Hypermodern Chess: As Developed in the Games of its Greatest Exponent Aron Nimzovich
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403:, and his disciples. Tarrasch's rigid generalizations drew on the earlier work of
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471:– established his reputation as one of the father figures of modern chess." GM
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506:(1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5). He also pioneered two provocative variations of the
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and in Keene's biography on Nimzowitsch (Chapter "A parody by Hans Kmoch").
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observed of him, "He pretends to be crazy in order to drive us all crazy."
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places him as the third best player in the world from 1927 to 1931, behind
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and was to have a great influence on his development as a chess player.
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Nimzowitsch's vanity and faith in his ideas of overprotection provoked
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The height of Nimzowitsch's career was the late 1920s and early 1930s.
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193:. Mother's name: Esphir Nohumovna Nimzowitsch (born Rabinovich, 1865,
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Kmoch also wrote an article about his nine years with Nimzowitsch:
181:-speaking Nimzowitsch came from a wealthy family, where he learned
32:
139:; 7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Latvian-born Danish
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189:– 1918), who was a timber merchant. By 1897, the family lived in
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vs Aron Nimzowitsch, Dresden 1926, 0–1 This game was chosen by
299:
1923. Another game on this theme is his win over Paul Johner at
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182:
140:
287:. One of Nimzowitsch's most famous games is his celebrated
170:
53:
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threats from White. He was also a leading exponent of the
252:. His most notable successes were first-place finishes at
1542:
Aron Nimzowitsch 1928-1935 - Annotated Games & Essays
1059:"All-Russian Tournament- Peterburg 23.12.1913-17.1.1914"
514:, 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6, which invites 3.e5 Nd5 (similar to
486:(1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4) and the less often played
1217:. London: Constable & Robinson Ltd. p. 143.
1106:
366:
Die Praxis meines Systems (The Practice of My System)
1215:
The Mammoth Book of the World's Greatest Chess Games
553:
to write a parody about him in February 1928 in the
185:
from his father Shaya Abramovich Nimzowitsch (1860,
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147:and wrote a very influential book on chess theory:
1675:
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1535:
1533:
1213:Burgess, Graham; Emms, John; Nunn, John (2010).
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603:
1612:Twelve Great Chess Players and Their Best Games
1212:
926:vs Aron Nimzowitsch, Copenhagen 1923, 0–1 The "
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1530:
1385:The full text of the parody is reprinted at
1092:"Grandmasters I Have Known: Aaron Nimzovich"
1446:
1444:
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272:, and second place behind Alekhine at the
16:Danish chess player and writer (1886–1935)
1177:
600:Sämisch vs. Nimzowitsch, Copenhagen 1923
354:, and his influence is still felt today.
1452:"Friedrich Saemisch vs Aron Nimzowitsch"
1441:
993:
357:He wrote three books on chess strategy:
205:at Saint Petersburg 1913/14 (the eighth
153:(1925–1927). Nimzowitsch's seminal work
56:, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire
1724:Danish people of Russian-Jewish descent
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732:
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950:vs Aron Nimzowitsch, Berlin 1928, 0–1
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725:
524:Mastering the Chess Openings, Volume 3
1694:Chess players from the Russian Empire
1664:A.N.'s Alternative Spellings of Names
1628:
1566:"Efim Bogoljubov vs Aron Nimzowitsch"
1518:"Efim Bogoljubov vs Aron Nimzowitsch"
1311:Nimzowitsch-Larsen attack : 1 b3
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1631:Aron Nimzowitsch: Master of Planning
1199:from the original on 9 October 2022.
996:Tigran Petrosian: His Life and Games
1759:Burials at East Bispebjerg Cemetery
13:
1614:. New York: Dover. pp. 1–13.
1581:
1183:"Nimzowitsch for the 21st Century"
14:
1775:
1648:
1498:"Paul Johner vs Aron Nimzowitsch"
439:. His aforementioned game versus
1155:Chessmetrics Summary for 1925-35
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224:Nimzowitsch eventually moved to
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1420:"Bispebjerg Cemetery (leaflet)"
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1239:Aron Nimzowitsch: A Reappraisal
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283:, in their short 1914 match at
235:
207:All-Russian Masters' Tournament
1540:Rudolf Reinhardt, ed. (2013).
1269:, Random House, 1974, p. 161.
1171:
1168:web site, accessed 7 May 2007.
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1025:
1012:
987:
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274:San Remo 1930 chess tournament
270:Carlsbad 1929 chess tournament
1:
1764:Chess players from Copenhagen
1744:Deaths from cancer in Denmark
1399:The Oxford Companion To Chess
1290:, New in Chess, 2006, p. 46.
1135:The Oxford Companion To Chess
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1754:Russian emigrants to Denmark
1669:Nimzowitsch related articles
1657:player profile and games at
976:List of Jewish chess players
7:
1342:Gambit Publications, 2008,
1241:, David McKay, 1974, p. 1.
1116:. politietsregisterblade.dk
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942:Learn from the Grandmasters
84:Russian Empire (until 1917)
10:
1780:
1574:. Chessgames Services LLC.
1526:. Chessgames Services LLC.
1506:. Chessgames Services LLC.
1460:. Chessgames Services LLC.
1365:. Retrieved on 2009-03-02.
1100:. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
1033:"The ultimate Nimzowitsch"
368:, 1929, commonly known as
310:
994:Vasiliev, Vik L. (1974).
940:as his favourite game in
492:Nimzowitsch–Larsen Attack
306:
216:, Nimzowitsch was in the
137:Aron Isayevich Nimtsovich
132:
100:
92:
80:
61:
39:
30:
23:
1610:Chernev, Irving (1995).
578:
571:Nimzowitsch's colleague
317:to describe chess moves.
133:Аро́н Иса́евич Нимцо́вич
1709:Chess players from Riga
1629:Keene, Raymond (1974).
1471:Winter, Edward (1997).
1308:Keene, Raymond (1977).
1202:(subscription required)
1102:(subscription required)
164:
1595:. Dover Publications.
1288:The King: Chess Pieces
928:Immortal Zugzwang Game
569:
289:immortal zugzwang game
124:
1749:Immigrants to Denmark
1719:Danish Ashkenazi Jews
1401:, 2nd Ed. (1996), by
1137:, 2nd Ed. (1996), by
956:vs Aron Nimzowitsch,
564:
512:Nimzowitsch Variation
86:Stateless (1917–1922)
1734:Danish chess writers
1704:Jewish chess players
1699:Danish chess players
1633:. G. Bell and Sons.
1314:. London: Batsford.
556:Wiener Schachzeitung
484:Nimzo-Indian Defence
1739:Danish male writers
1729:Chess theoreticians
1375:Game and commentary
1363:A Nimzowitsch Story
971:List of chess games
589:Bispebjerg Cemetery
488:Nimzowitsch Defence
324:Savielly Tartakower
230:Nordic Championship
173:, then part of the
88:Denmark (1922–1935)
1427:Københavns Kommune
1267:The World of Chess
1160:2 May 2012 at the
1063:Russian Chess Base
998:. B. T. Barsford.
587:. He is buried in
516:Alekhine's Defence
315:algebraic notation
313:This section uses
246:Alexander Alekhine
214:Russian Revolution
203:Alexander Alekhine
1429:. Page 2 (uL-378)
1348:978-1-904600-98-5
1224:978-1-84901-368-0
1057:Alexey Popovsky.
924:Friedrich Sämisch
914:
913:
504:Advance Variation
500:Winawer Variation
401:Siegbert Tarrasch
340:Mikhail Botvinnik
114:
113:
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1655:Aron Nimzowitsch
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1544:. New In Chess.
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1035:. Archived from
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508:Sicilian Defence
405:Wilhelm Steinitz
352:Tigran Petrosian
336:Akiba Rubinstein
212:During the 1917
159:Tigran Petrosian
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117:Aron Nimzowitsch
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25:Aron Nimzowitsch
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1582:Further reading
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1162:Wayback Machine
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1039:on 10 July 2009
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448:development of
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1649:External links
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1589:Reinfeld, Fred
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1571:Chessgames.com
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1551:978-9056914165
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1523:Chessgames.com
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1503:Chessgames.com
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1457:Chessgames.com
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1263:Norman Lessing
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638:
634:
633:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
602:
599:
598:
596:
593:
580:
577:
531:
528:
520:John L. Watson
496:French Defence
429:overprotection
413:Emanuel Lasker
397:chess theories
395:Nimzowitsch's
312:
311:
308:
305:
285:St. Petersburg
237:
234:
175:Russian Empire
166:
163:
112:
111:
104:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
82:
78:
77:
71:
69:(aged 48)
63:
59:
58:
52:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1776:
1765:
1762:
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1757:
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1697:
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1679:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1640:4-87187-846-5
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1621:0-486-28674-6
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1602:0-486-20448-0
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1536:
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1525:
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1513:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1408:
1407:Kenneth Whyld
1404:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1387:Chesscafe.com
1382:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1359:Edward Winter
1355:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1321:0-7134-0244-X
1317:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1297:
1296:90-5691-171-6
1293:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1275:0-394-48777-X
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:Anthony Saidy
1255:
1248:
1247:0-679-13040-3
1244:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1195:
1191:
1190:Chesscafe.com
1184:
1180:
1179:Jacob Aagaard
1174:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1143:Kenneth Whyld
1140:
1136:
1131:
1115:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1097:Chesscafe.com
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1007:
1005:9780713428186
1001:
997:
990:
986:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
959:
958:San Remo 1930
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
939:
935:
932:
929:
925:
922:
921:
910:
907:
904:
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895:
892:
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886:
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883:
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871:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
827:
823:
636:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
606:
605:
595:Notable games
592:
590:
586:
576:
574:
568:
563:
560:
558:
557:
552:
547:
544:
540:
537:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
456:Raymond Keene
453:
451:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
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387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
361:
355:
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329:
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316:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
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282:
277:
275:
271:
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263:
259:
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233:
231:
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222:
219:
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210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:, the Jewish
176:
172:
162:
160:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
138:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
109:
105:
99:
95:
91:
83:
79:
74:
65:16 March 1935
64:
60:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1714:Latvian Jews
1630:
1611:
1592:
1569:
1560:
1541:
1521:
1512:
1501:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1466:
1455:
1431:. Retrieved
1426:
1414:
1403:David Hooper
1394:
1381:
1370:
1354:
1338:
1310:
1303:
1287:
1282:
1266:
1254:
1238:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1189:
1173:
1166:Chessmetrics
1150:
1139:David Hooper
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1108:
1095:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:
1052:
1041:. Retrieved
1037:the original
1027:
1019:
1014:
995:
989:
948:Richard Réti
941:
582:
570:
565:
561:
554:
548:
545:
543:execution."
541:
536:Chess Review
535:
533:
523:
481:
473:Robert Byrne
469:Chess Praxis
468:
464:
461:Die Blockade
460:
454:
433:passed pawns
425:
394:
390:Chess Praxis
389:
385:
381:
378:The Blockade
377:
374:Die Blockade
373:
370:Chess Praxis
369:
365:
358:
356:
332:Richard Réti
328:Milan Vidmar
321:
281:black pieces
278:
242:Chessmetrics
239:
236:Chess career
223:
211:
168:
155:Chess Praxis
154:
148:
145:hypermoderns
136:
116:
115:
106:
102:Notable work
96:Chess player
67:(1935-03-16)
18:
1689:1935 deaths
1684:1886 births
1477:Chess Notes
1433:31 December
1088:Kmoch, Hans
938:Bent Larsen
934:Paul Johner
530:Personality
441:Paul Johner
437:prophylaxis
386:Mein System
382:Mein System
362:(My System)
360:Mein System
344:Bent Larsen
81:Citizenship
1678:Categories
1473:"Zugzwang"
1068:23 January
1043:2009-01-18
982:References
573:Tartakower
551:Hans Kmoch
446:fianchetto
417:Capablanca
297:Copenhagen
268:1926, the
254:Copenhagen
226:Copenhagen
199:philosophy
93:Occupation
73:Copenhagen
46:1886-11-07
1120:31 August
1022:mtsovich.
585:pneumonia
465:My System
258:Marienbad
150:My System
108:My System
75:, Denmark
1591:(1948).
1482:13 March
1409:, p. 273
1330:16442689
1194:Archived
1158:Archived
1145:, p. 272
965:See also
409:Alekhine
364:, 1925;
291:against
169:Born in
1094:(PDF).
450:bishops
301:Dresden
293:Sämisch
266:Hanover
262:Dresden
195:Polotsk
179:Yiddish
129:Russian
121:Latvian
1637:
1618:
1599:
1548:
1346:
1328:
1318:
1294:
1273:
1245:
1221:
1002:
960:, 0–1
510:: the
498:, the
435:) and
372:; and
307:Legacy
264:1926,
260:1925,
256:1923,
218:Baltic
191:Dvinsk
1423:(PDF)
1197:(PDF)
1186:(PDF)
579:Death
421:pawns
187:Pinsk
183:chess
141:chess
1635:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1484:2021
1435:2022
1405:and
1344:ISBN
1326:OCLC
1316:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1261:and
1243:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1141:and
1122:2015
1070:2021
1000:ISBN
467:and
415:and
350:and
248:and
171:Riga
165:Life
62:Died
54:Riga
40:Born
427:as
295:at
209:).
1680::
1568:.
1532:^
1520:.
1500:.
1475:.
1454:.
1443:^
1425:.
1361:,
1324:.
1265:,
1192:.
1188:.
1181:.
1164:,
1090:.
1078:^
1061:.
526:.
463:,
411:,
384:.
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
326:,
135:,
131::
127:;
123::
1643:.
1624:.
1605:.
1554:.
1486:.
1437:.
1332:.
1298:.
1277:.
1249:.
1227:.
1124:.
1072:.
1046:.
1020:e
1008:.
944:.
930:"
908:a
905:b
902:c
899:d
896:e
893:f
890:g
887:h
880:8
877:8
872:7
869:7
864:6
861:6
856:5
853:5
848:4
845:4
840:3
837:3
832:2
829:2
824:1
637:1
630:a
627:b
624:c
621:d
618:e
615:f
612:g
609:h
376:(
119:(
48:)
44:(
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