113:, June 1756, the incident in which British subjects and others were crammed into a small poorly ventilated chamber overnight, with many deaths. Holwell's account of this incident (1757) obtained wide circulation in England and some claim this gained support for the East India Company's conquest of India. His account of the incident was not publicly questioned during his lifetime nor for more than a century after his death. However, in recent years, his version of the event has been called into question by many historians.
117:
3472:
33:
626:
206:(transmigration of souls). He came to the conclusion that the fundamental doctrine of the brahmins was that God (the Eternal one) had created angelic beings but they rebelled and so were condemned to be punished, with the possibility of earning a return to grace by passing through a series of rebirths to regain paradise. He held the view that all animals and humans were fallen angels.
264:
Interesting
Historical Events, Relative to the Provinces of Bengal, and the Empire of Indostan With a seasonable hint and perswasive to the honourable the court of directors of the East India Company. As also the mythology and cosmogony, fasts and festivals of the Gentoo's, followers of the Shastah.
229:
view that animals are machines without souls. He argued that animals were not created for domination or use by man. He stated that meat and the killing of animals is a violation of man's original nature and is the cause of moral and physical evil.
209:
Holwell suggested that the Greeks and
Egyptians took their belief in metempsychosis from the brahmins. Holwell stated that all religions have much in common but only the Hindu scriptures have all the truths fully articulated. He wrote that
391:
139:. He gained employment as a surgeon in the British East India Company and was sent to India in 1732. He served in this capacity until 1749. In 1751, he was appointed as
218:
is "clogged with too many incomprehensible difficulties to gain our belief", and is only made intelligible with the Hindu doctrine that humankind are fallen angels.
465:
An
Account of the Manner of Inoculating for the Small Pox in the East Indies with Some Observations on the Practice and Mode of Treating that Disease in those Parts
271:
An
Account of the Manner of Inoculating for the Small Pox in the East Indies with Some Observations on the Practice and Mode of Treating that Disease in those Parts
130:
An
Account of the Manner of Inoculating for the Small Pox in the East Indies with Some Observations on the Practice and Mode of Treating that Disease in those Parts
1352:
2871:
384:
Wujastyk, Dominik (2001). "`A Pious Fraud': The Indian Claims for Pre-Jennerian
Smallpox Vaccination". In G. J. Meulenbeld and Dominik Wujastyk (ed.).
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3138:
2903:
1160:
711:
549:
3515:
751:
653:
124:
Holwell has also become an important source for modern historians of medicine, as a result of his description of the practice of
828:
90:
3555:
3510:
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2627:
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741:
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580:
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2309:
1057:
3194:
1404:
3319:
2662:
2572:
258:
A Genuine
Narrative of the Deplorable Deaths of the English Gentlemen and others who were suffocated in the Black Hole
195:
completed and unlocked a secret meaning of the Bible. He wrote about this in the second and third volumes of his work
3387:
2863:
2823:
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1961:
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1414:
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1332:
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1052:
721:
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1322:
854:
792:
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1891:
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767:
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1226:
701:
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81:
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3284:
3079:
3015:
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2602:
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2532:
1665:
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And a dissertation on the metempsychosis, commonly, though erroneously, called the
Pythagorean doctrine
86:
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989:
726:
245:, which was consistent with his belief in transmigration of souls and his enthusiasm for Hinduism.
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2788:
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894:
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in 1760, but was dismissed from the
Council in 1761 for remonstrating against the appointment of
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3475:
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2542:
2502:
2456:
2374:
2329:
2198:
1856:
1495:
1072:
691:
639:
110:
197:
Interesting
Historical Events, Relative to the Provinces of Bengal, and the Empire of Indostan
3226:
3047:
3007:
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2800:
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1896:
1796:
1761:
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1881:
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3250:
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2384:
2258:
2163:
2118:
1971:
1193:
1034:
802:
782:
2123:
8:
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3291:
2708:
2319:
1936:
1931:
1811:
1786:
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1145:
1140:
148:
3305:
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1690:
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1125:
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439:
414:
317:
292:
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2758:
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2253:
2193:
2113:
1700:
1565:
1540:
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1510:
1236:
1120:
1029:
864:
596:
576:
528:
491:
463:
444:
364:
342:
Replacing Emotional Biases: A Critical Look at the Accounts of John Zephaniah Holwell
322:
241:
who were fallen angels. In regard to Christianity, Holwell identified as a Christian
136:
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3098:
2647:
2314:
2218:
2183:
2173:
2103:
1966:
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1826:
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1399:
1357:
1317:
1287:
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1014:
777:
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434:
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312:
304:
172:
1730:
1575:
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1986:
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1801:
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156:
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2188:
2133:
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1981:
1926:
1886:
1791:
1781:
1756:
1670:
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1337:
1267:
1112:
1087:
1044:
1019:
1009:
984:
944:
899:
807:
390:(in English and Sanskrit) (2 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 121–154.
308:
203:
125:
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3404:
2522:
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2364:
2299:
2268:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2208:
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2068:
2038:
1941:
1911:
1766:
1720:
1715:
1680:
1675:
1630:
1615:
1595:
1570:
1535:
1515:
1480:
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1216:
959:
919:
817:
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662:
592:
495:
430:
360:
222:
176:
98:
2178:
2582:
2424:
2414:
2263:
2238:
2148:
2143:
2128:
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1951:
1871:
1866:
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1836:
1831:
1771:
1710:
1705:
1655:
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1635:
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1470:
1327:
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1203:
1188:
1150:
969:
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448:
326:
238:
234:
226:
160:
116:
3146:
2592:
2419:
2409:
2394:
2334:
2168:
2073:
2043:
2018:
1956:
1946:
1735:
1620:
1605:
1590:
1555:
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1520:
1490:
1485:
1297:
1231:
1102:
1077:
974:
879:
874:
215:
192:
144:
32:
85:(17 September 1711 – 5 November 1798) was a surgeon, an employee of the
3258:
2776:
2487:
2379:
2324:
2304:
2158:
2153:
2138:
2108:
2083:
2023:
1901:
1816:
1776:
1610:
1580:
914:
904:
797:
237:
as the Fall of Man had occurred in heaven long before the creation of
3351:
3210:
2806:
2577:
2053:
2028:
1916:
1695:
1640:
1292:
1092:
999:
979:
954:
889:
616:
1991:
909:
859:
620:
293:"John Zephaniah Holwell (1711–1798) and the Black Hole of Calcutta"
188:
164:
152:
140:
94:
385:
233:
Holwell believed that metempsychosis accounted for the problem of
1221:
1175:
834:
568:
147:
District of Bengal. He then served as a member of the Council of
631:
772:
674:
168:
60:
46:
135:
Born in Dublin, he grew up in London, and studied medicine at
2845:
1436:
242:
211:
583:); contains a 66-page chapter (pp. 297–362) on Holwell.
543:
Anon (1800). "Account of John Zephaniah Holwell, Esq. (From
2617:
187:
Holwell was one of the first British travellers to study
1353:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
2872:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
477:
475:
175:
as Governor of Bengal. He was elected Fellow of the
575:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (
93:(1760). He was also one of the first Europeans to
472:
3492:
732:List of international animal welfare conventions
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
488:A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists
3024:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
2455:
647:
527:. University of California Press. pp. 68–72.
502:
737:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
490:. London: Watts & Co. pp. 356–357.
297:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
2699:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
2643:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
675:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
654:
640:
31:
2846:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
2783:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
468:. London: T. Becket & P. A. de Hondt.
438:
316:
2904:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
1161:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
550:The European Magazine, and London Review
419:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
412:
383:
115:
752:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
461:
339:
3493:
829:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
589:The Black Hole: Money, Myth and Empire
586:
481:
357:The Black Hole: Money, Myth and Empire
354:
155:) and defended the settlement against
3040:Political Animals and Animal Politics
2844:
2628:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
2553:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
2454:
1435:
965:Concentrated animal feeding operation
742:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
697:Animal rights by country or territory
673:
635:
394:from the original on 15 December 2019
290:
2771:Animalist Party with the Environment
1058:Animal testing on non-human primates
542:
182:
3195:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
1405:World Day for the End of Speciesism
13:
3566:Medical doctors from Dublin (city)
3320:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
2663:United Activists for Animal Rights
2573:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
712:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
14:
3577:
3526:British East India Company people
2864:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
2824:Animal Rights National Conference
2747:Animal Protection Party of Canada
2704:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
2558:Chinese Animal Protection Network
2483:American Anti-Vivisection Society
1962:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
717:Animal rights in Indian religions
707:Animal rights and punk subculture
661:
610:
387:Studies in Indian Medical History
3471:
3470:
3032:Animal Rights Without Liberation
2683:Voice for Animals Humane Society
1415:World Day for the End of Fishing
1410:World Day for Laboratory Animals
840:Equal consideration of interests
624:
462:Holwell, John Zephaniah (1767).
3551:English vegetarianism activists
2753:Animal Justice Party of Finland
2638:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
1852:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
1440:(academics, writers, activists)
1333:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
617:Works by John Zephaniah Holwell
248:
214:'s version of the creation and
3516:British animal rights scholars
2976:Animals, Property, and the Law
1053:Alternatives to animal testing
722:Christianity and animal rights
455:
413:Boylston, Arthur (July 2012).
406:
377:
348:
333:
291:Bayon, H. P. (November 1944).
284:
191:. He came to believe that the
128:in eighteenth-century Bengal,
120:Holwell's monument in Calcutta
109:Holwell was a survivor of the
57:5 November 1798 (87 years old)
1:
2613:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
1323:Cambridge University primates
855:Ethics of uncertain sentience
523:Trautmann, Thomas R. (1997).
277:
267:, 3 vols. (London, 1765–1771)
97:and was an early advocate of
3556:Fellows of the Royal Society
3511:18th-century British writers
2673:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
823:Argument from marginal cases
415:"The origins of inoculation"
159:in 1756. He later succeeded
104:
7:
2960:Morals, Reason, and Animals
2588:Farm Animal Rights Movement
2538:Anonymous for the Voiceless
1227:International primate trade
702:Anarchism and animal rights
623:(public domain audiobooks)
562:
545:The Asiatic Annual Register
10:
3582:
3080:Making a Stand for Animals
2952:The Case for Animal Rights
2603:Hunt Saboteurs Association
2563:Cruelty Free International
2533:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
1063:Animal testing regulations
309:10.1177/003591574403800103
202:Holwell was a believer in
87:British East India Company
3466:
3439:
3386:
3336:
3276:
3269:
3235:The Ghosts in Our Machine
3090:
3072:Animal Ethics in the Wild
2855:
2851:
2840:
2816:
2727:
2691:
2508:Animal Legal Defense Fund
2475:
2468:
2464:
2450:
2287:
2011:
2004:
1807:William Hamilton Drummond
1749:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1431:
1392:
1371:
1310:
1260:
1202:
1174:
1166:Welfare of farmed insects
1111:
1043:
935:
928:
793:Animal–industrial complex
760:
684:
680:
669:
484:"Holwell, John Zephaniah"
340:Adamson, Kohleun (2005).
67:
53:
39:
30:
23:
3313:Journal of Animal Ethics
3179:Your Mommy Kills Animals
2568:Direct Action Everywhere
1977:Johann Heinrich Winckler
1922:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
1379:Direct Action Everywhere
1083:Huntingdon Life Sciences
1068:Labcorp Drug Development
1025:Feedback (pork industry)
990:Intensive animal farming
727:History of animal rights
573:The Birth of Orientalism
525:Aryans and British India
431:10.1258/jrsm.2012.12k044
95:study Indian antiquities
3448:Holocaust on your Plate
3219:An Apology to Elephants
3000:Do Animals Have Rights?
2936:Animals, Men and Morals
2912:Better-World Philosophy
2789:Italian Animalist Party
2668:United Poultry Concerns
2623:Last Chance for Animals
2518:Animal Liberation Front
2405:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
895:Replaceability argument
813:Animal-free agriculture
482:McCabe, Joseph (1920).
3421:Salvation of Innocents
2968:Zoos and Animal Rights
2543:Beauty Without Cruelty
2503:Animal Justice Project
1842:John Zephaniah Holwell
1496:Stephen St. C. Bostock
1073:Great ape research ban
692:Animal rights movement
121:
111:Black Hole of Calcutta
78:John Zephaniah Holwell
25:John Zephaniah Holwell
3531:British immunologists
3440:Fairs and exhibitions
3327:The Animals' Defender
3299:Cahiers antispécistes
3227:Speciesism: The Movie
3048:Animal (De)liberation
3008:Striking at the Roots
2920:The Universal Kinship
2880:The Rights of Animals
2801:People Animals Nature
2795:Party for the Animals
2608:In Defense of Animals
2370:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
1762:David Renaud Boullier
1348:Silver Spring monkeys
1247:Wild animal suffering
1156:Pain in invertebrates
995:Intensive pig farming
885:Opposition to hunting
850:Ethics of eating meat
547:, with Additions.)".
119:
3541:British orientalists
3056:Sentientist Politics
2984:The Lives of Animals
2735:Animal Justice Party
2548:Born Free Foundation
2385:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
2259:Wendy Turner-Webster
1972:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
1194:Recreational fishing
1035:Ventilation shutdown
803:Animal protectionism
783:Animal consciousness
587:Dalley, Jan (2006).
355:Dalley, Jan (2006).
145:Twenty-four Parganas
126:smallpox variolation
3536:British Indologists
3480:( 139 )
3306:Etica & Animali
3292:Between the Species
3016:An American Trilogy
2709:Humanitarian League
2320:Frances Power Cobbe
1937:Arthur Schopenhauer
1932:Henry Stephens Salt
1812:Edward Payson Evans
1506:Stephen R. L. Clark
1363:War of the currents
1252:Wildlife management
1146:Pain in crustaceans
1141:Pain in cephalopods
101:and vegetarianism.
3243:Unlocking the Cage
3064:Wild Animal Ethics
2888:The Ethics of Diet
2765:Animalist Movement
2741:Animal Politics EU
2653:Sentience Politics
2279:That Vegan Teacher
1897:Siobhan O'Sullivan
1882:José Ferrater Mora
1691:Steve F. Sapontzis
1184:Commercial fishing
1136:Pain in amphibians
1126:Cruelty to animals
1098:Operation Backfire
937:Animal agriculture
845:Emotion in animals
122:
91:Governor of Bengal
89:, and a temporary
3488:
3487:
3481:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3429:Onward to Freedom
3397:Animal Liberation
3382:
3381:
3203:Forks Over Knives
3155:Peaceable Kingdom
3115:Shores of Silence
3107:A Cow at My Table
2992:Eternal Treblinka
2944:Animal Liberation
2836:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2723:
2722:
2658:Uncaged Campaigns
2633:Mercy for Animals
2598:Great Ape Project
2513:Animal Liberation
2459:(groups, parties)
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2345:Elizabeth Farians
2254:Christine Townend
2194:Heather Nicholson
2124:Brigitte Gothière
2114:Antoine Goetschel
2000:
1999:
1661:Charles Patterson
1566:Gary L. Francione
1541:Josephine Donovan
1531:Daniel Dombrowski
1511:Alasdair Cochrane
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1306:
1305:
1237:Predation problem
1121:Animal euthanasia
1030:Foam depopulation
865:Insects in ethics
581:978-0-8122-4261-4
183:Study of Hinduism
75:
74:
43:17 September 1711
3573:
3546:British surgeons
3479:
3474:
3473:
3285:Animal Sentience
3274:
3273:
3139:Legally Blonde 2
3099:The Animals Film
2853:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2648:Rise for Animals
2473:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2452:
2451:
2315:Edith Carrington
2219:Craig Rosebraugh
2184:Virginia McKenna
2174:Jo-Anne McArthur
2104:Juliet Gellatley
2009:
2008:
1967:Mary Anne Warren
1907:Humphrey Primatt
1892:Edward Nicholson
1862:Charles R. Magel
1827:Thomas G. Gentry
1686:Richard D. Ryder
1626:Thomas Lepeltier
1456:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1400:World Animal Day
1358:Unnecessary Fuss
1318:Brown Dog affair
1288:Animals in sport
1278:Animal slaughter
1273:Animal sacrifice
1212:Culling wildlife
1015:Wildlife farming
933:
932:
778:Animal cognition
747:Total liberation
682:
681:
671:
670:
656:
649:
642:
633:
632:
628:
627:
606:
558:
535:
521:
500:
499:
479:
470:
469:
459:
453:
452:
442:
410:
404:
403:
401:
399:
381:
375:
374:
352:
346:
345:
337:
331:
330:
320:
288:
225:and opposed the
193:Hindu scriptures
173:Henry Vansittart
132:(London, 1767).
84:
35:
21:
20:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3454:
3435:
3378:
3359:Muutoksen kevät
3332:
3265:
3171:Behind the Mask
3086:
2896:Animals' Rights
2847:
2828:
2812:
2719:
2687:
2460:
2434:
2295:Cleveland Amory
2283:
2249:Darren Thurston
2244:Marianne Thieme
2099:Bruce Friedrich
2064:Joey Carbstrong
2049:Brigitte Bardot
1996:
1987:Jon Wynne-Tyson
1877:J. Howard Moore
1822:John Galsworthy
1802:Wilhelm Dietler
1745:
1741:Corey Lee Wrenn
1651:Martha Nussbaum
1561:Lawrence Finsen
1501:Paola Cavalieri
1476:Kristin Andrews
1451:
1441:
1419:
1388:
1367:
1302:
1256:
1198:
1170:
1131:Pain in animals
1107:
1039:
1005:Poultry farming
924:
756:
676:
665:
660:
625:
613:
603:
565:
539:
538:
522:
503:
480:
473:
460:
456:
411:
407:
397:
395:
382:
378:
371:
353:
349:
338:
334:
289:
285:
280:
273:(London, 1767).
251:
185:
157:Siraj Ud Daulah
107:
80:
63:
58:
49:
44:
26:
17:
16:British surgeon
12:
11:
5:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3521:British deists
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3486:
3485:
3483:
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3467:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
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3425:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3392:
3390:
3384:
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3362:
3355:
3348:
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3333:
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3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3280:
3278:
3271:
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3266:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3131:Meet Your Meat
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3044:
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3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2928:The New Ethics
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2838:
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2830:
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2827:
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2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2759:Animals' Party
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:AnimaNaturalis
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Animal Justice
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2430:Gretchen Wyler
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:Lewis Gompertz
2357:
2352:
2350:Emarel Freshel
2347:
2342:
2340:Muriel Dowding
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2274:Gary Yourofsky
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:Ingrid Newkirk
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Charlotte Laws
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Yves Bonnardel
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:Martin Balluch
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Steven M. Wise
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Bernard Rollin
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Leonard Nelson
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:Herman Daggett
1789:
1784:
1782:Priscilla Cohn
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:Jeremy Bentham
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1671:Jessica Pierce
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:Kyle Johannsen
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:David DeGrazia
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:Carol J. Adams
1462:
1460:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
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1396:
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1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:Pit of despair
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Abandoned pets
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
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1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
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1172:
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1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1113:Animal welfare
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1088:Model organism
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1045:Animal testing
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:Working animal
1017:
1012:
1010:Slaughterhouse
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:Insect farming
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
945:Animal product
941:
939:
930:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
900:Sentiocentrism
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
825:
820:
815:
810:
808:Animal welfare
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
762:
758:
757:
755:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
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694:
688:
686:
678:
677:
667:
666:
659:
658:
651:
644:
636:
630:
629:
612:
611:External links
609:
608:
607:
601:
584:
564:
561:
560:
559:
537:
536:
501:
471:
454:
425:(7): 309–313.
405:
376:
369:
347:
332:
282:
281:
279:
276:
275:
274:
268:
261:
260:(London, 1758)
250:
247:
221:Holwell was a
204:metempsychosis
184:
181:
137:Guy's Hospital
106:
103:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3578:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Milford Haven
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
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3542:
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3537:
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3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
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3496:
3477:
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3468:
3465:
3450:
3449:
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3444:
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3438:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:Tame Yourself
3402:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:No Compromise
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3248:
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3244:
3240:
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3229:
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3216:
3213:
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3208:
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3200:
3197:
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3188:
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3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3081:
3077:
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3073:
3069:
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3061:
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3057:
3053:
3050:
3049:
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3042:
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3037:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2986:
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2978:
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2929:
2925:
2922:
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2914:
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2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:(3rd century)
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2797:(Netherlands)
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
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2700:
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2574:
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2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Animal Rising
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Animal Ethics
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2453:
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2431:
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2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Jessie Mackay
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:James Granger
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
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2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
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2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Henry B. Amos
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Louise Wallis
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Kim Stallwood
2232:
2230:
2229:Jasmin Singer
2227:
2225:
2224:Nathan Runkle
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:David Olivier
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
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2135:
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2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:John Feldmann
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Aymeric Caron
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Carole Baskin
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Laurids Smith
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:James Rachels
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
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1885:
1883:
1880:
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1857:John Lawrence
1855:
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1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Brigid Brophy
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:Tatjana Višak
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:David Sztybel
1719:
1717:
1716:Cass Sunstein
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
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1681:Mark Rowlands
1679:
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1676:Evelyn Pluhar
1674:
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1669:
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1659:
1657:
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1631:Andrew Linzey
1629:
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1619:
1617:
1616:Will Kymlicka
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Dale Jamieson
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Valéry Giroux
1574:
1572:
1571:Robert Garner
1569:
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1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
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1549:
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1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Sue Donaldson
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:J. M. Coetzee
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:Tom Beauchamp
1479:
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1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
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1457:
1454:
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1413:
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1408:
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1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1384:Hunt sabotage
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:Methodologies
1370:
1364:
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1217:Hare coursing
1215:
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1201:
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1190:
1187:
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960:Chick culling
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602:0-670-91447-9
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593:Penguin Books
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99:animal rights
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3193:
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2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2715:Oxford Group
2583:Every Animal
2476:Contemporary
2425:Andrew Tyler
2415:Nell Shipman
2355:André Géraud
2264:Jerry Vlasak
2239:Lynda Stoner
2214:Alex Pacheco
2149:Evanna Lynch
2144:Howard Lyman
2129:Wayne Hsiung
2089:Chris DeRose
2079:Rod Coronado
2012:Contemporary
1952:Thomas Tryon
1872:Mary Midgley
1867:Jean Meslier
1847:Soame Jenyns
1841:
1837:John Hildrop
1832:Arthur Helps
1797:Richard Dean
1772:Peter Buchan
1711:Gary Steiner
1706:Peter Singer
1701:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
1666:David Pearce
1656:Clare Palmer
1646:David Nibert
1636:Clair Linzey
1546:Joan Dunayer
1471:Aysha Akhtar
1459:Contemporary
1328:McLibel case
1283:Animal trial
1242:Seal hunting
1204:Wild animals
1189:Fishing bait
1151:Pain in fish
970:Fish farming
950:Battery cage
870:Meat paradox
827:
768:Abolitionism
588:
572:
554:
548:
544:
524:
487:
464:
457:
422:
418:
408:
396:. Retrieved
386:
379:
356:
350:
341:
335:
303:(1): 15–18.
300:
296:
286:
270:
263:
257:
253:By Holwell:
252:
249:Publications
239:Adam and Eve
235:Original sin
232:
220:
208:
201:
196:
186:
161:Robert Clive
149:Fort William
134:
129:
123:
108:
77:
76:
18:
3506:1798 deaths
3501:1711 births
3270:Periodicals
3147:The Meatrix
3123:The Witness
2737:(Australia)
2711:(1891–1919)
2593:Faunalytics
2420:Henry Spira
2410:Hans Ruesch
2400:Jill Phipps
2395:Norm Phelps
2375:Barry Horne
2335:Royal Dixon
2330:Karen Davis
2310:Ernest Bell
2204:Ric O'Barry
2199:Jack Norris
2169:Dan Mathews
2074:Jake Conroy
2044:Barbi Twins
2019:James Aspey
1957:Gary Varner
1947:John Styles
1787:Henry Crowe
1736:Paul Waldau
1726:Michael Tye
1621:Renan Larue
1606:Melanie Joy
1591:Oscar Horta
1586:John Hadley
1556:Catia Faria
1551:Mylan Engel
1521:Alice Crary
1491:Steven Best
1486:Marc Bekoff
1452:and writers
1393:Observances
1298:Live export
1232:Ivory trade
1103:Vivisection
1078:Green Scare
975:Fur farming
880:Open rescue
875:Nonviolence
216:Fall of Man
3495:Categories
3259:Seaspiracy
3163:Earthlings
2803:(Portugal)
2777:DierAnimal
2692:Historical
2488:Animal Aid
2380:Marie Huot
2325:Joan Court
2305:Bob Barker
2288:Historical
2179:LuĂsa Mell
2159:Keith Mann
2154:Bill Maher
2139:Ronnie Lee
2109:Tal Gilboa
2084:Karen Dawn
2024:Greg Avery
1902:Rod Preece
1817:T. Forster
1777:Mona Caird
1750:Historical
1611:Hilda Kean
1581:Lori Gruen
915:Vegaphobia
905:Speciesism
798:Animal law
591:. London:
557:: 270–274.
359:. London:
278:References
223:vegetarian
68:Occupation
3413:Manifesto
3352:Bite Back
3337:Magazines
3211:Vegucated
2809:(Germany)
2807:V-ParteiÂł
2785:(Germany)
2779:(Belgium)
2755:(Finland)
2578:Equanimal
2164:Jim Mason
2119:Mark Gold
2054:Gene Baur
2029:Matt Ball
2005:Activists
1917:Tom Regan
1696:Jeff Sebo
1641:Dan Lyons
1450:Academics
1438:Advocates
1293:Live food
1093:Nafovanny
1000:Livestock
980:Fur trade
955:Bile bear
890:Personism
685:Overviews
496:262462698
398:3 January
227:Cartesian
179:in 1767.
105:Biography
3476:Category
3345:Arkangel
3277:Journals
3251:Dominion
3187:The Cove
2817:Activism
2761:(Sweden)
2749:(Canada)
2743:(Europe)
2457:Movement
1992:Voltaire
910:Veganism
860:Ethology
761:Concepts
621:LibriVox
571:(2010).
563:See also
449:22843649
392:Archived
327:19992966
189:Hinduism
165:Governor
153:Calcutta
141:zemindar
2791:(Italy)
2773:(Spain)
2767:(Italy)
2728:Parties
1222:Hunting
1176:Fishing
835:Carnism
569:Urs App
440:3407399
318:2181149
143:of the
71:Surgeon
3478:
3451:(2003)
3432:(2014)
3424:(2014)
3416:(2008)
3408:(1991)
3400:(1987)
3388:Albums
3262:(2021)
3254:(2018)
3246:(2016)
3238:(2013)
3230:(2013)
3222:(2013)
3214:(2011)
3206:(2011)
3198:(2009)
3190:(2009)
3182:(2007)
3174:(2006)
3166:(2005)
3158:(2004)
3150:(2003)
3142:(2003)
3134:(2002)
3126:(2000)
3118:(2000)
3110:(1998)
3102:(1981)
3083:(2022)
3075:(2022)
3067:(2020)
3059:(2018)
3051:(2016)
3043:(2014)
3035:(2012)
3027:(2010)
3019:(2009)
3011:(2008)
3003:(2005)
2995:(2001)
2987:(1999)
2979:(1995)
2971:(1993)
2963:(1987)
2955:(1983)
2947:(1975)
2939:(1971)
2931:(1907)
2923:(1906)
2915:(1899)
2907:(1897)
2899:(1892)
2891:(1883)
2883:(1838)
2875:(1824)
2469:Groups
929:Issues
773:Ahimsa
599:
579:
531:
494:
447:
437:
367:
325:
315:
169:Bengal
61:Pinner
47:Dublin
3373:Satya
3091:Films
2856:Books
2678:Viva!
1311:Cases
1261:Other
243:deist
212:Moses
2618:L214
1343:SHAC
597:ISBN
577:ISBN
529:ISBN
492:OCLC
445:PMID
400:2014
365:ISBN
323:PMID
54:Died
40:Born
619:at
435:PMC
427:doi
423:105
313:PMC
305:doi
167:of
82:FRS
3497::
595:.
555:37
553:.
504:^
486:.
474:^
443:.
433:.
421:.
417:.
363:.
321:.
311:.
301:38
299:.
295:.
655:e
648:t
641:v
605:.
498:.
451:.
429::
402:.
373:.
344:.
329:.
307::
151:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
