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excommunicated. Pope John officially declared witchcraft to be heresy, and thus it could be tried under the
Inquisition. Although this was the official ruling for the church, Pope John's first order dealing with magic being tried by the Inquisition was in a letter written in 1320 by Cardinal William of Santa Sabina. The letter was addressed to the Inquisitors of Carcassonne and Toulouse. In the letter Cardinal William states that with the authority of Pope John the Inquisitors there were to investigate witches by "whatever means available" as if witches were any other heretic. The letter went on to describe the actions of those who would be seen as witches and extended power to the Inquisition for the prosecution of any and all cases that fit any part of the description laid out in the letter.
457:
750:. He continued this argument for a time in sermons while he was pope, although he never taught it in official documents. In January 1334, in complete opposition to John XXII, the Faculty of Theology of the Sorbonne stated that after death the blessed souls are raised to the beatific vision. Louis, sensing an opportunity to remove him, conspired with cardinal Napoleone Orsini to depose John at an ecumenical council. John, considered by many to be theologically incompetent, backed down from his position on the day before his death, agreeing that those who die in grace do indeed immediately enjoy the beatific vision.
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511:. In preparation of this, the cardinal legate, Bertrand du Pouget, had been working for years in Bologna to oversee the construction of a papal palace and to integrate the political climate for the papacy's arrival. By August, however, John deemed the safety of the city insufficient. The Bishop of Embrun, Bertrand de Deaux, arrived to assist Pouget but simply exacerbated the situation. This led to a revolt in 1334, Pouget's expulsion, and death threats for any member of the Curia. The papal palace was destroyed and it took John's successor,
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535:, while reminding him that England was a papal fief and that he owed John an oath of loyalty. A few months later, John heard from Irish princes petitioning for the replacement of Edward II as sovereign lord of Ireland, stating that successive kings of England had not respected the papal grant of Ireland to Henry II of England. John's letter to Edward implied that a second papal evaluation of the lordship of Ireland was not out of the question.
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them over to a cardinal committee. On 23 June 1321, John created a new commission consisting of Peter Ferri, Bishop of Agnani, Andrew, Bishop of
Terracina, and Pandulpho de Sabbello. This inquiry lasted fifteen days, during which the commission heard the testimony of 111 witnesses. The commission sent finalized documents to the Papal Curia and John XXII canonized Thomas Aquinas formally on 18 July 1323.
553:' sainthood. In the summer of 1318, John met with de Tocco, who presented letters from the regal heads of Sicily imploring for a papal inquiry into the sainthood of Aquinas. De Tocco also presented John with notarized records of Aquinas's miracles and requests from princes and universities asking for Aquinas's canonization.
560:
De Tocco gathered two of the three papal commissioners in the
Archbishop's palace in Naples and the inquiry lasted from 21 July to 18 September 1319. On the final day, the documentation of the inquiry was signed, sealed and sent to the Papal Curia at Avignon. Upon receiving the documents, John turned
526:
John received an embassy, in
December 1316, from Edward II of England concerning the empty bishoprics of Dublin and Cashel. Edward presented his preferred appointees and was adamant that John not promote any native Irishman to bishop or archbishop. John promoted William FitzJohn, bishop of Ossory to
758:
The thought of witchcraft seemed to be in its early stages, while Kors states John XXII had a personal reason for setting out to stop witchcraft. Kors points to the fact that Pope John had been the victim of an assassination attempt via poisoning and sorcery. As such, Pope John's involvement with
682:
of 8 December 1322, John XXII declared it ridiculous to pretend that every scrap of food given to the friars and eaten by them belonged to the pope, refused to accept ownership over the goods of the
Franciscans in future and granted them exemption from the rule that absolutely forbade ownership of
596:
By 1322, faced with a growing
Ghibelline movement in northern Italy, John had instructed his papal legate, Bertrand du Poujet, to call for a crusade against Milan. Louis, acting with Imperial powers, sent an army to reinforce Milan in early 1323. In response, John detailed violations committed by
467:
Upon his election, John gave 35,000 florins, of the 70,000 left to him by
Clement V, to the cardinals that had voted for him. He was an excellent administrator and efficient at reorganizing the Catholic Church. He favored a regulation-heavy form of governance. John was known to have a temper, and
721:
on 10 November 1324, in which he declared that it cannot be inferred from the words of the 1279 bull that Christ and the apostles had nothing, adding: "Indeed, it can be inferred rather that the Gospel life lived by Christ and the
Apostles did not exclude some possessions in common, since living
673:
and commissioned experts to examine the idea of poverty based on belief that Christ and the apostles owned nothing. The experts disagreed among themselves, but the majority condemned the idea on the grounds that it would deny the church's right to have possessions. The
Franciscan chapter held in
556:
John chose three cardinals, none of whom was a
Dominican, to scrutinize the presented records. Finding no errors, they gave their recommendation to John. John then issued two letters, nominating as papal commissioners: Umberto, Archbishop of Naples; Angelo, Bishop of Viterbo; and Pandulpho de
1796:
763:
in which he laid out a description of those who engage in witchcraft. Pope John also warned people against not only learning magic or teaching it but against the more "execrable" act of performing magic. Pope John stated that anyone who did not heed his "most charitable" warning would be
443:
of 23 cardinals to Lyon in August 1316. Philip forbade the cardinals from leaving until they had chosen a new Pope. On 7 August 1316, this conclave elected Jacques, who took the name John XXII and was crowned in Lyon. He set up his residence in Avignon rather than Rome, continuing the
606:. He received an embassy from Rome which issued an ultimatum of either returning to Rome or suffering the Holy City's submission to Louis IV. John sent his papal legate, Giovanni Orsini, to Rome, but Orsini was denied entry. In reprisal, Orsini placed Rome under interdict.
530:
In January 1318, John sent a congratulatory letter to Edward II on his victory over Edward Bruce. He had passed an excommunication of all enemies of Edward II and later singled out Robert and Edward Bruce. John had allowed Edward II to keep the crusade tax imposed by the
403:
In 1308, Jacques was appointed chancellor of Charles II, and it was due to his influence that the gladiatorial games in Naples were banned. On 18 March 1310, he was made Bishop of Avignon. He delivered legal opinions favorable to the suppression of the
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John XXII was determined to suppress what he considered to be the excesses of the Spirituals, who contended eagerly for the view that Christ and his apostles had possessed absolutely nothing, citing in support of their view
625:
Following Louis's coronation of Nicholas V, Franciscan Minister General Michael Cesena, Bonagrazia Bergamo, and William of Ockham all fled Avignon. In 1330, Antipope Nicholas V submitted just before the Pope's death.
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to Trent, where Louis declared his support for the Spiritualist Franciscans and denounced John as an illegitimate and heretical pope. John retaliated by declaring any city to offer Louis welcome would be placed under
468:
involved himself in the politics and religious movements of many European countries in order to advance the interests of the papacy. He would routinely write to non-Catholic leaders asserting his authority over them.
609:
Louis entered Rome on 17 January 1328. In St. Peter's cathedral, he was consecrated by two sympathetic cardinal bishops, and crowned by Rome's representative, Sciarra della Colonna. Pietro Rainalducci was created
1984:
Grieco, Holly J. (2013). "'In Some Way Even More than Before': Approaches to Understanding St. Louis of Anjou, Franciscan Bishop of Toulouse". In Geltner, Guy; Lester, Anne E.; Jansen, Katherine Ludwig (eds.).
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in 1300. Jacques was still bishop of Fréjus when in 1307, a knight named William d'Arcis and a priest named Bertrand Recordus attempted to kill him. Both were imprisoned and in 1309 were sentenced to death.
1869:
The Monarchia Controversy: An Historical Study with Accompanying Translations of Dante Alighieri's Monarchia, Guido Vernani's Refutation of the Monarchia Composed by Dante and Pope John XXII's Bull, Si
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in June 1322 responded with two encyclicals stating that all judgments made by the Roman Church were to be regarded as final and could not be revoked if they were not erroneous. By the bull
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581:. Initially, John was neutral and refrained from being an arbiter. On 25 November 1314, Louis, with the votes from five of the seven electors, was crowned king of the Germans at
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One of John’s sermons, on the beatific vision, caused controversy which lasted until he retracted his views just before his death. John died in Avignon on 4 December 1334.
391:. Following Louis's death in 1297, Jacques was installed as the temporary chancellor of the University of Avignon and by 1299 was canon of Puy. On the recommendation of
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Associate Professor of Medieval History, Irene Bueno, and Professor Emeritus of History, David Burr both state it was Peter of Corbara that became Nicholas V
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in May 1328, by Louis. In response, John, using the death of archbishop Matthias von Buchegg to gain an ecclesiastical and political edge, appointed
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585:, by the archbishop of Mainz, while Frederick received only two votes the day before. In response, in April 1317, John imposed a new concept,
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1797:« Le procès de Jean XXII contre l'archevêque d'Aix Robert de Mauvoisin : astrologie, arts prohibés et politique (1317–1318) »
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Louis and upon receiving no response excommunicated him on 23 March 1324 and then deposed him on 11 July. Louis called a council of Italian
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Meister Eckhart, the Essential Sermons, Commentaries, Treatises, and Defense: The Essential Sermons, Commentaries, Treatises, and Defense
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Against the Backdrop of Sovereignty and Absolutism: The Theology of God's Power and Its Bearing on the Western Legal Tradition, 1100–1600
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Origins of papal infallibility, 1150–1350: a study on the concepts of infallibility, sovereignty and tradition in the Middle Age
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By November 1317, Guillelmo de Tocco, Prior of the Benevento Dominican monastery, was heading a preliminary investigation into
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William, Cardinal of Santa Sabina, Letter of 22 August 1320, to Inquisitors of Carcassonne and Toulouse. Latin text in Hansen,
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1935:
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Theis, Valerie (2018). "A New Seat for the Papacy: Benedict XII, Avignon, and the Comtat Venaissin". In Bueno, Irene (ed.).
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665:, and stating unequivocally that obedience was a greater virtue than chastity or poverty. On 26 March 1322, with the bull
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understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, promulgating multiple papal bulls to enforce his views. This led
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John died in Avignon on 4 December 1334 (aged 89/90). He was buried in Avignon, at the cathedral of Notre-Dame-des-Doms.
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Prior to John XXII's election, a contest had begun for the Holy Roman Empire's crown between Louis IV the Bavarian and
1996:
Translating Resurrection: The Debate Between William Tyndale and George Joye in Its Historical and Theological Context
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The Problem of Sovereignty in the Later Middle Ages: The Papal Monarchy with Augustinus Triumphus and the Publicists
687:, which declared "erroneous and heretical" the doctrine that Christ and his apostles had no possessions whatsoever.
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Brown, Jaqueline (1991). "The Declaratio on Jon XXII's Decree Exercrabilis and the Early History of the Rota,"
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722:'without property' does not require that those living thus should have nothing in common." With the bull
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the bishopric of Cashel, while Alexander Bicknor, a personal recommendation of Edward, was given Dublin.
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anything even in common, thus forcing them to accept ownership. On 12 November 1323, he issued the bull
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Weakland, John E. (1972). "John XXII before his pontificate, 1244–1316: Jacques Duèse and his Family".
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Brunner, Melanie (2011). "Poverty and Charity: Pope John XXII and the canonization of Louis of Anjou".
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Weakland, John E. (1968). "Administrative and Fiscal Centralization under Pope John XXII, 1316–1334".
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Pope John XXII and his Franciscan Cardinal: Bertrand de la Tour and the Apostolic Poverty Controversy
589:, granting the power to administer the empire to the pope, which was contained within the papal bull
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1987:
Center and Periphery: Studies on Power in the Medieval World in Honor of William Chester Jordan
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427:, culminating with the sudden death of Pope Clement V in 1314. The period that followed was an
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Between November 1331 and March 1332, John XXII made four questionable sermons concerning the
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from 7 August 1316 to his death, in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning
8:
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The Hybrid Reformation: A Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History of Contending Forces
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The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis
742:. John argued that those who died in the faith did not see the presence of God until the
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1842:
Defining Heresy: Inquisition, Theology, and Papal Policy in the Time of Jacques Fournier
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Watt, J. A. (1956). "Negotiations between Edward II and John XXII concerning Ireland".
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Milani, Guiliano (2018). "From One Conflict to Another". In Blanshei, Sarah R. (ed.).
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336:
312:, Pope John centralized power and income in the Papacy and lived a princely life in
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The Lands of St Peter: The Papal State in the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance
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504:. He allowed the consuls of Cahors to establish a small university in that city.
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England and the Avignon Popes: The Practice of Diplomacy in Late Medieval Europe
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Der Kampf Gerlachs von Nassau mit Heinrich von Virneburg um das Erzstift Mainz
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2264:. Vol. VI: c. 1300–c. 1415. Cambridge University Press. pp. 66–81.
1976:
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Defenders and Critics of Franciscan Life: Essays in Honor of John V. Fleming
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The limits of papal power became a source of conflict between reigning pope
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3169:
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3119:
3109:
3008:
2983:
2953:
2888:
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2733:
2647:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2562:
2398:
512:
237:
180:
109:
62:
1771:
Angelus pacis: the legation of Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1326–1334
1706:
7225:
7054:
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7004:
6977:
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6873:
6775:
6462:
6144:
6000:
5873:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5828:
5130:
5065:
4921:
4846:
4824:
4672:
4434:
4396:
3836:
3716:
3711:
3665:
3289:
3154:
3149:
3054:
2993:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2793:
2617:
2567:
2522:
2162:
Lithuania Ascending: A pagan empire within East-Central Europe, 1295–1345
1907:
Duval-Arnould, Louis (2002). "Nicholas V". In Levillain, Philippe (ed.).
701:
Influential members of the order protested, such as the minister general
428:
332:
2328:
2307:
2091:
2078:
Mollat, Guillaume (1967). "Jean XXII et les Chapitres des cathedrales".
1820:
Liberty, Right and Nature: Individual Rights in Later Scholastic Thought
493:", which has become the English "Soul of Christ, sanctify me ...".
7009:
6594:
5838:
5833:
5657:
5584:
5200:
5120:
4751:
3950:
3625:
3144:
3129:
2943:
2918:
2753:
2657:
2577:
2527:
2469:
759:
witchcraft suppression can be officially traced to his 1326 papal bull
690:
483:
1691:
569:
489:
John has traditionally been credited with having composed the prayer "
360:
Born in 1244, Jacques was the son of Arnaud Duèze, who was probably a
224:
5943:
5938:
5908:
5604:
5367:
5351:
5336:
5180:
5070:
4948:
4938:
4806:
4585:
2687:
2381:
2260:
Verger, Jacques (2006). "The universities". In Jones, Michael (ed.).
713:. In reply to the argument of his opponents that Nicholas III's bull
657:, clarifying the earlier bulls issued by Nicholas III and Clement V,
603:
369:
99:
1851:
So Great a Light, So Great a Smoke: The Beguin Heretics of Languedoc
396:
7495:
7468:
6823:
6577:
6565:
6183:
6091:
5918:
5017:
4386:
2489:
2153:
Avignon and Its Papacy, 1309–1417: Popes, Institutions, and Society
790:
507:
In June 1332, John declared his intention to move his residence to
435:, who were split into three factions. After two years of inaction,
384:
363:
4127:
7080:
6694:
6316:
5888:
4726:
4600:
4543:
1773:. Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. v. 67. Leiden Boston: Brill.
794:
675:
508:
313:
172:
7246:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
6689:
6599:
6504:
6041:
5346:
5331:
5275:
5242:
582:
327:, which prompted Louis to invade Italy and set up an antipope,
151:
7530:
6139:
5307:
5271:
2273:. 10, No. 37 (March) (37). Cambridge University Press: 1–20.
1534:
412:. On 23 December 1312, Clement V made him Cardinal-Bishop of
1692:"John XXII and Papal Teaching Authority by James Heft, S.M."
1066:
1044:
1042:
1040:
5312:
5031:
2437:
2388:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1025:
460:
305:
2338:
Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes
1601:
1599:
1597:
1001:
486:, who was tolerant of Christians and treated them kindly.
383:
Jacques taught civil law at Cahors and later canon law at
7135:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1659:
1611:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1171:
1037:
991:
989:
899:
897:
884:
882:
880:
867:
865:
726:
of 16 November 1329, John replied to Michael of Cesena's
2227:
Pope Benedict XII (1334–1342): The Guardian of Orthodoxy
1733:
1464:
1462:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1318:
1297:
1280:
974:
952:
950:
948:
482:
In 1318, he sent a letter of thanks to the Muslim ruler
1635:
1594:
1354:
1352:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
746:. This caused a theological controversy concerning the
2171:
Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture
2005:
Witchcraft in Europe, 1100–1700: A Documentary History
1623:
1498:
1412:
1183:
1078:
1054:
986:
933:
921:
909:
894:
877:
862:
850:
838:
826:
7484:
7166:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1721:
1671:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1459:
1424:
1400:
1364:
1147:
1102:
1013:
962:
945:
717:
was fixed and irrevocable, John XXII issued the bull
1522:
1510:
1474:
1376:
1349:
1234:
1232:
1207:
1205:
1159:
1126:
1114:
1090:
653:. On 7 October 1317, John XXII promulgated the bull
2347:
Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
2144:
Reclaiming Rome: Cardinals in the Fifteenth Century
1647:
1486:
1447:
1388:
1256:
1244:
1217:
6239:
2209:
496:On 27 March 1329, John condemned many writings of
408:, but he also defended Boniface VIII and the Bull
1268:
1229:
1202:
753:
538:
521:
7582:
7236:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2436:
1807:, 45), Toulouse, Privat, 2012, pp. 159–235.
2071:A Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Bologna
2007:(2 ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press.
1795:Boudet, Jean-Patrice and Julien Théry (2012).
793:issued by Pope John XXII forbidding fraudulent
622:to assist in the struggle against the Emperor.
2181:Papal Primacy: From Its Origins to the Present
2033:Levillain, Philippe, ed. (2002). "John XXII".
733:
694:Tomb of John XXII in the Treasury room of the
431:of two years due to disagreements between the
6225:
4143:
2422:
1906:
1876:
1540:
1072:
27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1316 to 1334
2150:
2003:Kors, Alan C.; Peters, Edward, eds. (2001).
1007:
361:
2216:. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill. p.
1898:Di Cristo, Massimiliano Traversino (2022).
1695:The Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review
7631:14th-century French Roman Catholic bishops
7251:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
7201:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
6232:
6218:
6072:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
4150:
4136:
2429:
2415:
2141:
2002:
1962:
1739:
1343:
1331:
1312:
1291:
1177:
1048:
355:
190:
55:
2053:The Franciscan Invention of the New World
2032:
1897:
1877:Cusato, Michael F.; Geltner, Guy (2009).
1641:
1605:
980:
564:
515:, many years to find peace with Bologna.
339:to write against unlimited papal power.
2335:
2314:
2293:
2037:. Vol. 2: Gaius-Proxies. Routledge.
1911:. Vol. 2: Gaius-Proxies. Routledge.
1504:
1031:
939:
927:
915:
903:
888:
871:
856:
844:
832:
696:Cathédrale Notre-Dame des Doms d'Avignon
689:
568:
455:
2207:
2114:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2011:
1944:
1915:
1872:. Catholic University of America Press.
1866:
1848:
1826:
1768:
1689:
1629:
1588:
1576:
1552:
1468:
1441:
1418:
1406:
1370:
1196:
1108:
1084:
1060:
995:
968:
14:
7583:
4531:
2344:
2259:
2233:
2184:. Liturgical Press. pp. 117–118.
2177:
2159:
2155:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
2132:
2077:
2068:
1993:
1983:
1727:
1677:
1665:
1617:
1564:
1358:
1153:
1120:
1019:
956:
669:, he removed the ban on discussion of
387:. By 1295, he was counselor to Bishop
6213:
4131:
2410:
2353:
2323:. Gregorian Biblical Press: 161–185.
2224:
2198:
2168:
2123:
2105:
2018:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 209.
1953:
1839:
1817:
1653:
1528:
1516:
1480:
1394:
1382:
1262:
1165:
1141:
1096:
629:
342:Following a three-year process, John
7537:
2268:
1862:. The Pennsylvania University Press.
1857:
1492:
1453:
1274:
1250:
1238:
1223:
1211:
557:Sabbello, who was unable to attend.
7105:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
4157:
2236:"Jacques Duèse (le pape Jean XXII)"
2203:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1814:47 (n.s. Vol. 21), pp. 47–139.
24:
6660:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2262:The New Cambridge Medieval History
25:
7647:
2364:
2119:. University of California Press.
1949:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
7563:
7546:
7518:
7506:
7494:
7467:
7455:
6786:Fourth Council of Constantinople
6741:Second Council of Constantinople
6194:
6193:
6182:
6150:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
5698:Criticism of the Catholic Church
4109:
4098:
4097:
2240:Histoire Littéraire de la France
471:On 7 April 1317, John canonized
280:; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born
223:
6756:Third Council of Constantinople
6680:First Council of Constantinople
4317:First seven ecumenical councils
1812:Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law,
1745:
1683:
807:
500:as heretical in his papal bull
368:merchant or banker. He studied
6995:Dissolution of the monasteries
6261:History of the Catholic Church
4892:Separation of church and state
2340:. McFarland & Company Inc.
2317:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae
2296:The Catholic Historical Review
2080:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae
1956:Ireland and Britain, 1170–1450
780:Cardinals created by John XXII
754:Role in witchcraft suppression
545:Canonization of Thomas Aquinas
539:Canonization of Thomas Aquinas
522:Edward II and Irish bishoprics
13:
1:
6869:Fourth Council of the Lateran
6844:Second Council of the Lateran
6453:Apostles in the New Testament
2358:. Cambridge University Press.
2229:. Amsterdam University Press.
2173:. Cambridge University Press.
2164:. Cambridge University Press.
2151:Rollo-Koster, Joëlle (2015).
2142:Richardson, Carol M. (2009).
2110:. Cambridge University Press.
2064:. Cambridge University Press.
1930:. Paulist Press. p. 77.
1822:. Cambridge University Press.
820:
319:John opposed the policies of
143:
6983:Catholic Counter-Reformation
6849:Third Council of the Lateran
6839:First Council of the Lateran
6295:Catholic ecumenical councils
2336:Williams, George L. (1998).
2042:McBrien, Richard P. (2000).
1867:Cassell, Anthony K. (2004).
1690:Portier, William L. (1988).
7:
2371:Catholic encyclopedia entry
2349:. Harvard University Press.
2201:Dante's Political Purgatory
2106:Ocker, Christopher (2022).
2035:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia
1945:Epstein, Steven A. (2007).
1909:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia
1853:. Cornell University Press.
1849:Burnham, Louisa A. (2008).
767:
734:Beatific vision controversy
10:
7652:
6329:History of the Roman Curia
6189:Catholic Church portal
1989:. Brill. pp. 135–156.
1818:Brett, Annabel S. (2003).
1761:
636:Absolute poverty of Christ
633:
542:
7621:Cardinal-bishops of Porto
7450:
7350:
7216:
7143:
7078:
7065:European wars of religion
6962:
6897:
6799:
6721:
6612:
6535:
6395:
6384:
6376:Eastern Catholic Churches
6251:
6177:
6115:Aid to the Church in Need
6105:
5962:
5775:
5736:Vatican Television Center
5711:
5621:
5511:
5381:Eastern Catholic Churches
5362:
5251:
5144:
5091:
5016:
4987:
4912:
4837:
4772:
4717:
4636:
4506:
4420:
4352:
4297:
4216:
4193:
4165:
4093:
4020:
3960:
3899:
3890:
3704:
3418:
3017:
2721:
2515:
2448:
2395:
2386:
2378:
2345:Wilson, Peter H. (2016).
2279:10.1017/S0021121400016138
2012:Lambert, Malcolm (1992).
1916:Eckhart, Meister (1981).
1769:Beattie, Blake R (2007).
1073:Cusato & Geltner 2009
705:, the English provincial
451:
437:Philip, Count of Poitiers
304:, which was assembled in
259:
251:
243:
231:
222:
209:
198:
186:
162:
135:
130:
120:
115:
105:
95:
87:
79:
69:
54:
47:
34:
7196:Mary of the Divine Heart
6819:Clash against the empire
6771:Second Council of Nicaea
6665:Old St. Peter's Basilica
6057:Communion and Liberation
5521:Eastern Catholic liturgy
4686:Mystici Corporis Christi
4614:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
2271:Irish Historical Studies
2133:Pluger, Karsten (2005).
2060:Menache, Sophia (1998).
1994:Juhász, Gergely (2015).
800:
331:. John also opposed the
308:. Like his predecessor,
7462:Vatican City portal
6814:Investiture Controversy
6670:First Council of Nicaea
4872:Philosophy of canon law
4802:Mariology of the saints
4382:Investiture Controversy
3911:During the Roman Empire
2354:Wilks, Michael (2008).
2208:Tierney, Brian (1972).
2199:Scott, John A. (2016).
2137:. Taylor & Francis.
2128:(in German). Darmstadt.
2115:Partner, Peter (2022).
2051:McClure, Julia (2017).
1977:10.1163/156853467X00041
356:Early life and election
200:Other popes named John
140:Jacques Duèze or d'Euse
7474:Catholicism portal
7285:Second Vatican Council
7171:Our Lady of La Salette
6978:Protestant Reformation
6965:Protestant Reformation
6884:Second Council of Lyon
6273:Ecclesiastical history
6125:Catholic Charities USA
5759:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
5747:Vatican Polyglot Press
4797:Mariology of the popes
4435:Protestant Reformation
4116:Catholic Church Portal
3976:Conflicts with the HRE
2178:Schatz, Klaus (1996).
2098:Nold, Patrick (2003).
1958:. The Hambledon Press.
1740:Kors & Peters 2001
1049:Kors & Peters 2001
698:
616:Heinrich von Virneburg
579:Frederick I of Austria
574:
565:Conflict with Louis IV
464:
395:he was made Bishop of
362:
277:
7181:First Vatican Council
6879:First Council of Lyon
6643:Constantine the Great
6339:Christian monasticism
5879:Good Shepherd Sisters
5721:Holy See Press Office
4959:Doctors of the Church
4792:Immaculate Conception
4747:Anointing of the Sick
4282:History of the papacy
3892:History of the papacy
2234:Valois, Noel (1914).
2160:Rowell, S.C. (1994).
2124:Pfeil, Fritz (1910).
2055:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1954:Frame, Robin (1998).
1840:Bueno, Irene (2015).
1707:10.1353/tho.1988.0014
711:Bonagratia of Bergamo
693:
680:Ad conditorem canonum
572:
459:
321:Louis IV the Bavarian
7358:Sexual abuse scandal
7267:Mit brennender Sorge
7110:Age of Enlightenment
6889:Bernard of Clairvaux
6766:Byzantine Iconoclasm
6705:Council of Chalcedon
6485:Council of Jerusalem
6354:Role in civilization
6334:Religious institutes
6266:By country or region
5752:L'Osservatore Romano
5690:Role in civilisation
5416:Croatian and Serbian
5164:Episcopal conference
5126:St. Peter's Basilica
4484:Sexual abuse scandal
4440:Catholic Reformation
4054:Revolutionary Papacy
4048:Age of Enlightenment
2169:Rubin, Miri (1991).
1858:Burr, David (2001).
1801:Jean XXII et le Midi
761:Super illius specula
685:Quum inter nonnullos
475:with the papal bull
448:of his predecessor.
393:Charles II of Naples
7186:Papal infallibility
7176:Our Lady of Lourdes
7125:Shimabara Rebellion
6969:Counter-Reformation
6087:Neocatechumenal Way
6052:Charismatic Renewal
5766:Annuario Pontificio
5364:Particular churches
5040:Ecumenical councils
4812:Perpetual virginity
4647:Communitas perfecta
4591:Sermon on the Mount
3901:Antiquity and Early
3705:17th–21st centuries
3419:13th–16th centuries
1971:(1). Brill: 25–46.
1805:Cahiers de Fanjeaux
1668:, pp. 117–118.
1620:, pp. 117–118.
1034:, pp. 285–286.
776:– Catholic cardinal
620:Archbishop of Mainz
612:Antipope Nicholas V
288:), was head of the
7636:14th-century popes
7606:People from Cahors
7231:Our Lady of Fátima
7020:Ignatius of Loyola
6944:Catherine of Siena
6912:Pope Boniface VIII
6731:Benedict of Nursia
6700:Council of Ephesus
6537:Ante-Nicene period
6490:Split with Judaism
6324:Crusading movement
5924:Premonstratensians
4307:Ante-Nicene period
4185:Lists of Catholics
4036:Reformation Papacy
4030:Renaissance Papacy
3972:(1012–1044 / 1048)
3925:Ostrogothic Papacy
3018:9th–12th centuries
2044:Lives of the Popes
1829:Franciscan Studies
1541:Duval-Arnould 2002
699:
630:Franciscan poverty
575:
465:
414:Porto-Santa Rufina
325:Holy Roman Emperor
7482:
7481:
7442:COVID-19 pandemic
7420:Pope Benedict XVI
7325:Pope John Paul II
7100:Pope Benedict XIV
7086:French Revolution
7070:Thirty Years' War
7060:Robert Bellarmine
7045:John of the Cross
6949:Pope Alexander VI
6934:Council of Vienne
6864:Francis of Assisi
6854:Pope Innocent III
6723:Early Middle Ages
6717:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6655:Arian controversy
6608:
6607:
6556:Apostolic Fathers
6207:
6206:
5617:
5616:
5010:
4833:
4832:
4525:
4502:
4501:
4494:COVID-19 pandemic
4464:French Revolution
4454:Thirty Years' War
4362:Islamic conquests
4275:Apostolic fathers
4210:
4125:
4124:
4089:
4088:
3981:Wandering Papacy
3944:Saeculum obscurum
3917:Under Constantine
2722:5th–8th centuries
2516:1st–4th centuries
2500:papal resignation
2405:
2404:
2396:Succeeded by
2191:978-0-8146-5522-1
2025:978-0-631-17431-8
1937:978-0-8091-2370-4
1755:pp. 4–5. Tr. E.P.
1346:, pp. 40–41.
1008:Rollo-Koster 2015
724:Quia vir reprobus
715:Exiit qui seminat
707:William of Ockham
703:Michael of Cesena
671:Exiit qui seminat
663:Exivi de paradiso
659:Exiit qui seminat
651:Exiit qui seminat
647:Pope Nicholas III
640:Apostolic poverty
533:Council of Vienne
473:Louis of Toulouse
425:Emperor Henry VII
389:Louis of Toulouse
349:on 18 July 1323.
337:William of Ockham
296:, elected by the
267:
266:
205:
204:
170:(aged 89–90)
156:Kingdom of France
16:(Redirected from
7643:
7576:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7559:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7539:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7499:
7498:
7490:
7472:
7471:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7437:Patriarch Kirill
7310:Pope John Paul I
7115:Anti-clericalism
7095:Pope Innocent XI
7015:Society of Jesus
7000:Council of Trent
6954:Age of Discovery
6899:Late Middle Ages
6801:High Middle Ages
6791:East–West Schism
6675:Pope Sylvester I
6621:
6620:
6610:
6609:
6520:General epistles
6515:Pauline epistles
6448:John the Baptist
6431:Great Commission
6393:
6392:
6344:Catholic culture
6234:
6227:
6220:
6211:
6210:
6197:
6196:
6187:
6186:
5929:Redemptoristines
5777:Religious orders
5703:Anti-Catholicism
5653:Church buildings
5513:Catholic liturgy
5253:Consecrated life
5111:Apostolic Palace
5078:Synod of Bishops
5014:
5013:
4990:
4596:Ten Commandments
4529:
4528:
4511:
4412:Age of Discovery
4246:Great Commission
4214:
4213:
4198:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4129:
4128:
4113:
4101:
4100:
4021:Early Modern and
3931:Byzantine Papacy
3897:
3896:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2379:Preceded by
2376:
2375:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2311:
2290:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2204:
2195:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2095:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2046:. HarperCollins.
2038:
2029:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1980:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1918:Colledge, Edmund
1912:
1903:
1894:
1873:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1823:
1792:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1718:
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1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1316:
1310:
1295:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1200:
1194:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
892:
886:
875:
869:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
814:
811:
786:Spondent Pariter
655:Quorumdam exigit
573:Emperor Louis IV
502:In Agro Dominico
376:and theology in
367:
278:Ioannes PP. XXII
260:Posthumous style
227:
217:
212:
207:
206:
194:
177:Comtat Venaissin
169:
148:
145:
131:Personal details
124:23 December 1312
121:Created cardinal
59:
32:
31:
21:
7651:
7650:
7646:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7640:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7575:from Wikisource
7569:
7564:
7562:
7552:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7538:sister projects
7535:at Knowledge's
7529:
7519:
7517:
7507:
7505:
7493:
7485:
7483:
7478:
7466:
7456:
7454:
7446:
7368:World Youth Day
7346:
7335:World Youth Day
7279:Pacem in terris
7273:Pope John XXIII
7212:
7139:
7130:Edict of Nantes
7088:
7084:
7074:
7040:Teresa of Ávila
7035:Tridentine Mass
6971:
6967:
6958:
6939:Knights Templar
6893:
6795:
6751:Gregorian chant
6709:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6616:
6604:
6531:
6400:
6388:
6380:
6247:
6245:Catholic Church
6238:
6208:
6203:
6181:
6173:
6152:
6135:Relief Services
6101:
6047:Catholic Action
6037:Military orders
5974:Confraternities
5966:of the faithful
5965:
5958:
5780:
5771:
5707:
5613:
5507:
5366:
5358:
5291:Prior, Prioress
5247:
5140:
5136:Vatican Museums
5087:
5020:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4908:
4862:Social teaching
4829:
4768:
4713:
4668:One true church
4632:
4609:Sixtine Vulgate
4605:Official Bible
4519:
4515:
4510:
4498:
4416:
4348:
4293:
4263:Petrine primacy
4206:
4202:
4197:
4189:
4161:
4159:Catholic Church
4156:
4126:
4121:
4085:
4068:(1929–present)
4022:
4016:
3970:Tusculan Papacy
3962:
3956:
3937:Frankish Papacy
3902:
3886:
3700:
3414:
3013:
2717:
2511:
2444:
2442:Catholic Church
2435:
2401:
2392:
2384:
2367:
2362:
2249:
2247:
2192:
2026:
1938:
1922:McGinn, Bernard
1891:
1781:
1764:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1543:, p. 1040.
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:, pp. 1–2.
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1344:Gerulaitis 1967
1342:
1338:
1332:Gerulaitis 1967
1330:
1319:
1313:Gerulaitis 1967
1311:
1298:
1292:Gerulaitis 1967
1290:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1253:, pp. 3–4.
1249:
1245:
1237:
1230:
1226:, pp. 2–3.
1222:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1184:
1178:Richardson 2009
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
994:
987:
979:
975:
967:
963:
959:, pp. 1–2.
955:
946:
938:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
895:
887:
878:
870:
863:
855:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
823:
818:
817:
812:
808:
803:
770:
756:
748:beatific vision
740:beatific vision
736:
667:Quia nonnunquam
642:
632:
587:vacante imperio
567:
547:
541:
524:
498:Meister Eckhart
454:
358:
290:Catholic Church
252:Religious style
233:Reference style
215:
213:
211:Papal styles of
210:
171:
167:
166:4 December 1334
158:
149:
146:
142:
141:
125:
91:4 December 1334
74:Catholic Church
65:
43:
40:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7649:
7639:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7626:Avignon Papacy
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7591:Pope John XXII
7578:
7577:
7560:
7533:Pope John XXII
7531:
7528:
7527:
7515:
7503:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7464:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7275:
7270:
7263:
7258:
7256:Lateran Treaty
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7222:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7091:
7089:
7081:Baroque period
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7050:Peter Canisius
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7025:Francis Xavier
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6989:Exsurge Domine
6985:
6980:
6974:
6972:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6929:Pope Clement V
6926:
6925:
6924:
6922:Avignon Papacy
6917:Western Schism
6914:
6909:
6907:Thomas Aquinas
6903:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6805:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6761:Saint Boniface
6758:
6753:
6748:
6746:Pope Gregory I
6743:
6738:
6733:
6727:
6725:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6685:Biblical canon
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6639:
6637:
6618:
6614:Late antiquity
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6561:Pope Clement I
6551:Church Fathers
6548:
6542:
6540:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6407:
6405:
6390:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6312:Biblical canon
6307:Catholic Bible
6304:
6303:
6302:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6257:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6237:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6214:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6191:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6153:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6082:Legion of Mary
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6011:Lay Carmelites
6008:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5970:
5968:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5859:Conceptionists
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5794:Assumptionists
5790:
5788:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5723:
5717:
5715:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5627:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5517:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5496:Syro-Malankara
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5446:Italo-Albanian
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5378:
5372:
5370:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5155:
5153:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5116:Lateran Treaty
5113:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5042:
5037:
5028:
5026:
5011:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4852:Moral theology
4849:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4616:
4611:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4535:
4533:
4526:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4367:Pope Gregory I
4364:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4339:Biblical canon
4336:
4334:Late antiquity
4331:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4270:Church fathers
4267:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4222:
4220:
4211:
4204:Ecclesiastical
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4107:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4063:
4060:Roman Question
4057:
4051:
4050:(c. 1640–1740)
4045:
4042:Baroque Papacy
4039:
4033:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4011:Western Schism
4008:
4005:Avignon Papacy
4002:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3979:
3973:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3951:Crescentii era
3948:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3907:
3905:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Alexander VIII
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Anastasius III
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
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2365:External links
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1720:
1701:(4): 763–768.
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1642:Di Cristo 2022
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1632:, p. 181.
1622:
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1606:Di Cristo 2022
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1182:
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1146:
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1125:
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1077:
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1065:
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1053:
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1036:
1024:
1022:, p. 144.
1012:
1000:
998:, p. 280.
985:
983:, p. 848.
981:Levillain 2002
973:
961:
944:
942:, p. 170.
932:
930:, p. 168.
920:
918:, p. 167.
908:
906:, p. 166.
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891:, p. 165.
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874:, p. 164.
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6495:New Testament
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6402:Apostolic Age
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6130:Home Missions
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6023:Saint Francis
6021:
6017:
6014:
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6009:
6007:
6006:Saint Dominic
6004:
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5819:Bethlehemites
5817:
5815:
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5807:
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5797:
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5792:
5791:
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5774:
5768:
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5756:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5741:Vatican Radio
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5726:Vatican Media
5724:
5722:
5719:
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5147:
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5129:
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5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
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5090:
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5079:
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5068:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:List of popes
5019:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4807:Mother of God
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
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4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:People of God
4690:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4681:
4680:Infallibility
4678:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4648:
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4643:
4641:
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4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4599:
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4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4556:Body and soul
4554:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4524:
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4509:
4505:
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4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Enlightenment
4457:
4455:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4430:Protestantism
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:Scholasticism
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:Schism (1378)
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:Schism (1054)
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:High and Late
3959:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Benedict XIII
3775:
3773:
3772:Innocent XIII
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Alexander VII
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Innocent VIII
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Callixtus III
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:Boniface VIII
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:Celestine III
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3380:Alexander III
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Anastasius IV
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Sylvester III
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Benedict VIII
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Anastasius II
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2495:Pope emeritus
2493:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2453:List of popes
2451:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1754:
1748:
1742:, p. 82.
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1656:, p. 52.
1655:
1650:
1644:, p. 77.
1643:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1608:, p. 75.
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1591:, p. 29.
1590:
1585:
1579:, p. 46.
1578:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1555:, p. 73.
1554:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1507:, p. 44.
1506:
1505:Williams 1998
1501:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1471:, p. 36.
1470:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1450:
1444:, p. 35.
1443:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1409:, p. 26.
1408:
1403:
1397:, p. 57.
1396:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1373:, p. 34.
1372:
1367:
1361:, p. 69.
1360:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1334:, p. 39.
1333:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1315:, p. 37.
1314:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1294:, p. 36.
1293:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1265:, p. 79.
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1123:, p. 67.
1122:
1117:
1111:, p. 77.
1110:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1033:
1032:Weakland 1968
1028:
1021:
1016:
1010:, p. 45.
1009:
1004:
997:
992:
990:
982:
977:
971:, p. 40.
970:
965:
958:
953:
951:
949:
941:
940:Weakland 1972
936:
929:
928:Weakland 1972
924:
917:
916:Weakland 1972
912:
905:
904:Weakland 1972
900:
898:
890:
889:Weakland 1972
885:
883:
881:
873:
872:Weakland 1972
868:
866:
858:
857:Weakland 1972
853:
846:
845:Weakland 1972
841:
834:
833:Weakland 1972
829:
825:
810:
806:
796:
792:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
775:
774:Bernard Jarre
772:
771:
765:
762:
751:
749:
745:
744:Last Judgment
741:
731:
729:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
697:
692:
688:
686:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
641:
637:
627:
623:
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
600:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
571:
562:
558:
554:
552:
546:
536:
534:
528:
519:
516:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
492:
491:Anima Christi
487:
485:
480:
478:
474:
469:
462:
458:
449:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
366:
365:
353:
350:
348:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:Jacques Duèze
279:
275:
271:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
236:
234:
230:
226:
221:
218:
208:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
165:
161:
157:
153:
138:
134:
129:
123:
119:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:7 August 1316
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
50:
46:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7616:French popes
7570:
7558:from Commons
7553:
7532:
7525:Vatican City
7429:
7425:Pope Francis
7351:21st century
7300:Pope Paul VI
7277:
7265:
7218:20th century
7205:
7156:Pope Pius IX
7144:19th century
7120:Pope Pius VI
6987:
6859:Latin Empire
6829:Universities
6781:Pope Leo III
6648:Christianity
6633:state church
6625:Great Church
6426:Resurrection
6389:(30–325/476)
6386:Early Church
6371:Latin Church
6366:Papal States
6361:Vatican City
6169:Universities
6001:Third orders
5964:Associations
5954:Visitandines
5949:Trinitarians
5899:Mercedarians
5884:Hieronymites
5829:Camaldoleses
5814:Benedictines
5804:Augustinians
5764:
5757:
5750:
5731:Vatican News
5685:Distinctions
5491:Syro-Malabar
5376:Latin Church
5298:Grand master
5196:Metropolitan
5093:Vatican City
4988:Organisation
4867:Philosophers
4732:Confirmation
4709:In canon law
4703:Subsistit in
4701:
4697:Three states
4684:
4645:
4638:Ecclesiology
4620:Nova Vulgata
4618:
4576:Original sin
4571:Nicene Creed
4561:Divine grace
4520:
4402:Universities
4372:Papal States
4299:Great Church
4241:Resurrection
4218:Early Church
4114:
4102:
4072:World War II
4066:Vatican City
3942:
3913:(until 493)
3877:Benedict XVI
3872:John Paul II
3792:Clement XIII
3787:Benedict XIV
3762:Innocent XII
3696:Clement VIII
3671:Gregory XIII
3651:Marcellus II
3611:Alexander VI
3561:Innocent VII
3526:Benedict XII
3520:
3481:Nicholas III
3446:Alexander IV
3436:Celestine IV
3426:Honorius III
3410:Innocent III
3395:Gregory VIII
3355:Celestine II
3340:Callixtus II
3310:Alexander II
3235:Sylvester II
3215:Benedict VII
3175:Stephen VIII
3060:Benedict III
2914:Adeodatus II
2859:Boniface III
2713:Anastasius I
2399:Benedict XII
2393:1316 – 1334
2387:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2320:
2316:
2302:(1): 39–54.
2299:
2295:
2270:
2261:
2248:. Retrieved
2243:
2239:
2226:
2211:
2200:
2180:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2099:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2014:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1926:
1908:
1899:
1879:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1770:
1752:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1630:Tierney 1972
1625:
1613:
1589:McClure 2017
1584:
1577:Burnham 2008
1572:
1560:
1553:Burnham 2008
1548:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1469:Cassell 2004
1449:
1442:Cassell 2004
1419:Partner 2022
1414:
1407:Beattie 2007
1402:
1390:
1378:
1371:Cassell 2004
1366:
1339:
1277:, p. 4.
1270:
1258:
1246:
1241:, p. 3.
1219:
1214:, p. 2.
1197:McBrien 2000
1173:
1161:
1149:
1116:
1109:Eckhart 1981
1104:
1092:
1085:Epstein 2007
1080:
1068:
1061:Brunner 2011
1056:
1027:
1015:
1003:
996:Menache 1998
976:
969:Burnham 2008
964:
935:
923:
911:
852:
840:
828:
809:
784:
760:
757:
737:
727:
723:
718:
714:
700:
684:
679:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
643:
624:
608:
595:
590:
586:
576:
559:
555:
548:
529:
525:
517:
513:Benedict XII
506:
501:
495:
488:
481:
476:
470:
466:
463:of John XXII
418:
410:Unam Sanctam
409:
402:
382:
359:
351:
341:
318:
294:Avignon Pope
285:
281:
269:
268:
244:Spoken style
238:His Holiness
214:
187:Coat of arms
181:Papal States
168:(1334-12-04)
126:by Clement V
110:Benedict XII
88:Papacy ended
80:Papacy began
63:Henri Serrur
61:Portrait by
29:
7601:1334 deaths
7596:1244 births
7501:Catholicism
7431:Laudato si'
7226:Pope Pius X
7055:Philip Neri
7030:Pope Pius V
7005:Thomas More
6874:Inquisition
6776:Charlemagne
6736:Monasticism
6546:Persecution
6438:Holy Spirit
6421:Crucifixion
6300:First seven
6159:Health care
6145:Pax Christi
6097:Schoenstatt
6062:Sant'Egidio
5894:Legionaries
5874:Franciscans
5849:Cistercians
5844:Carthusians
5799:Annonciades
5658:Altarpieces
5551:West Syriac
5546:East Syriac
5526:Alexandrian
5150:Holy orders
5131:Swiss Guard
5071:Dicasteries
5066:Roman Curia
4964:Evangelists
4922:Holy Family
4857:Personalism
4847:Natural law
4825:Josephology
4759:Holy orders
4397:Inquisition
4354:Middle Ages
4344:Monasticism
4312:Constantine
4236:Crucifixion
4080:(1945–1991)
4074:(1939–1945)
4062:(1870–1929)
4056:(1775–1848)
4044:(1585–1689)
4038:(1534–1585)
4032:(1417–1534)
4013:(1378–1417)
4007:(1309–1378)
3999:, 1228–1304
3993:, 1262–1297
3987:, 1257–1281
3978:(1048–1257)
3963:Middle Ages
3903:Middle Ages
3867:John Paul I
3842:Benedict XV
3822:Gregory XVI
3797:Clement XIV
3782:Clement XII
3752:Innocent XI
3691:Innocent IX
3686:Gregory XIV
3636:Clement VII
3566:Gregory XII
3556:Boniface IX
3536:Innocent VI
3511:Benedict XI
3501:Celestine V
3496:Nicholas IV
3491:Honorius IV
3441:Innocent IV
3400:Clement III
3350:Innocent II
3345:Honorius II
3335:Gelasius II
3315:Gregory VII
3305:Nicholas II
3265:Benedict IX
3210:Benedict VI
3185:Agapetus II
3160:Stephen VII
3135:Sergius III
3125:Benedict IV
3115:Theodore II
3100:Boniface VI
2999:Stephen III
2979:Gregory III
2969:Constantine
2934:Benedict II
2869:Adeodatus I
2864:Boniface IV
2844:Pelagius II
2804:Boniface II
2744:Celestine I
2683:Sylvester I
2668:Marcellus I
2663:Marcellinus
2598:Callixtus I
2583:Eleutherius
2558:Telesphorus
2548:Alexander I
2470:Papal names
2256:(in French)
2086:: 340–344.
1728:Juhász 2015
1678:Juhász 2015
1666:Juhász 2015
1618:Schatz 1996
1565:Grieco 2013
1359:Wilson 2016
1154:Milani 2018
1121:Verger 2006
1020:Pluger 2005
957:Rowell 1994
599:Ghibellines
439:summoned a
429:interregnum
374:Montpellier
255:Holy Father
147: 1244
96:Predecessor
7585:Categories
7304:coronation
7010:Pope Leo X
6595:Tertullian
6525:Revelation
6500:Background
5914:Oratorians
5869:Dominicans
5839:Carmelites
5834:Camillians
5782:institutes
5595:Tridentine
5531:Antiochian
5451:Macedonian
5396:Belarusian
5286:Provincial
5201:Archbishop
5121:Roman Rota
5083:Properties
5008:By country
5004:Precedence
4969:Confessors
4949:Archangels
4939:Patriarchs
4839:Philosophy
4817:Veneration
4782:Assumption
4752:Last rites
4719:Sacraments
4663:Four marks
4474:Vatican II
4422:Modern era
4258:Succession
4023:Modern Era
3953:(974–1012)
3857:John XXIII
3767:Clement XI
3742:Clement IX
3732:Innocent X
3727:Urban VIII
3722:Gregory XV
3646:Julius III
3581:Nicholas V
3546:Gregory XI
3531:Clement VI
3466:Innocent V
3456:Clement IV
3431:Gregory IX
3385:Lucius III
3365:Eugene III
3330:Paschal II
3320:Victor III
3300:Stephen IX
3285:Damasus II
3280:Clement II
3275:Gregory VI
3250:Sergius IV
3245:John XVIII
3195:Benedict V
3180:Marinus II
3105:Stephen VI
3085:Adrian III
3065:Nicholas I
3050:Sergius II
3045:Gregory IV
3025:Stephen IV
2989:Stephen II
2974:Gregory II
2894:Theodore I
2879:Honorius I
2874:Boniface V
2839:Benedict I
2829:Pelagius I
2814:Agapetus I
2774:Gelasius I
2764:Simplicius
2749:Sixtus III
2739:Boniface I
2729:Innocent I
2593:Zephyrinus
2507:Pope-elect
2483:non-extant
1654:Brett 2003
1529:Ocker 2022
1517:Pfeil 1910
1481:Bueno 2015
1395:Scott 2016
1383:Wilks 2008
1263:Frame 1998
1166:Theis 2018
1142:Theis 2018
1097:Rubin 1991
821:References
728:Appellatio
634:See also:
591:Si fratrum
543:See also:
484:Uzbeg Khan
477:Sol oriens
333:Franciscan
329:Nicholas V
7320:Communism
7290:Ecumenism
6636:(380–451)
6628:(180–451)
6617:(313–476)
6539:(100–325)
6155:See also:
6107:Charities
6016:Discalced
5944:Trappists
5939:Theatines
5909:Olivetans
5854:Clarisses
5824:Blue nuns
5809:Basilians
5786:societies
5694:See also:
5580:Mozarabic
5570:Ambrosian
5556:Malankara
5541:Byzantine
5501:Ukrainian
5476:Ruthenian
5441:Hungarian
5426:Ethiopian
5401:Bulgarian
5368:sui iuris
5352:Postulant
5261:Religious
5216:Auxiliary
5211:Coadjutor
5181:Patriarch
5049:Cardinals
4996:Canon law
4992:Hierarchy
4974:Disciples
4897:Relations
4885:Evolution
4876:See also:
4821:See also:
4774:Mariology
4764:Matrimony
4737:Eucharist
4658:Ecumenism
4586:Salvation
4522:Catechism
4517:Tradition
4479:Communism
4327:Chalcedon
3947:(904–964)
3939:(756–857)
3933:(537–752)
3927:(493–537)
3919:(312–337)
3817:Pius VIII
3747:Clement X
3681:Urban VII
3631:Adrian VI
3621:Julius II
3601:Sixtus IV
3576:Eugene IV
3521:John XXII
3516:Clement V
3486:Martin IV
3461:Gregory X
3390:Urban III
3375:Adrian IV
3360:Lucius II
3295:Victor II
3240:John XVII
3230:Gregory V
3205:John XIII
3090:Stephen V
3080:Marinus I
3075:John VIII
3070:Adrian II
3040:Valentine
3035:Eugene II
3030:Paschal I
2964:Sisinnius
2949:Sergius I
2884:Severinus
2849:Gregory I
2819:Silverius
2789:Hormisdas
2784:Symmachus
2769:Felix III
2703:Damasus I
2678:Miltiades
2653:Eutychian
2643:Dionysius
2638:Sixtus II
2633:Stephen I
2623:Cornelius
2543:Evaristus
2538:Clement I
2533:Anacletus
2463:canonised
2458:graphical
2382:Clement V
2287:164105712
2246:: 391–630
2102:. Oxford.
2062:Clement V
1883:. Brill.
1789:290558761
1715:2473-3725
1493:Burr 2001
1454:Burr 2001
1275:Watt 1956
1251:Watt 1956
1239:Watt 1956
1224:Watt 1956
1212:Watt 1956
604:interdict
433:cardinals
421:Clement V
370:canon law
344:canonized
310:Clement V
302:Cardinals
106:Successor
100:Clement V
42:John XXII
18:John XXII
7330:HIV/AIDS
6824:Crusades
6578:Irenaeus
6571:Ignatius
6566:Polycarp
6416:Ministry
6404:(30–100)
6278:Timeline
6199:Category
6092:Opus Dei
6077:Scouting
6067:Focolare
5934:Servites
5919:Piarists
5864:Crosiers
5600:Anglican
5536:Armenian
5466:Romanian
5456:Maronite
5431:Georgian
5421:Eritrean
5406:Chaldean
5391:Armenian
5386:Albanian
5267:Superior
5226:Emeritus
5206:Diocesan
5059:Advisers
5018:Holy See
4944:Prophets
4902:Politics
4673:Catholic
4653:Councils
4508:Theology
4387:Crusades
4322:Nicaea I
4253:Apostles
4231:Ministry
4200:Timeline
4180:Glossary
4104:Category
4078:Cold War
3852:Pius XII
3832:Leo XIII
3807:Pius VII
3676:Sixtus V
3641:Paul III
3616:Pius III
3571:Martin V
3551:Urban VI
3476:John XXI
3471:Adrian V
3451:Urban IV
3325:Urban II
3260:John XIX
3220:John XIV
3200:Leo VIII
3190:John XII
3095:Formosus
3004:Adrian I
2959:John VII
2909:Vitalian
2904:Eugene I
2899:Martin I
2854:Sabinian
2834:John III
2824:Vigilius
2799:Felix IV
2759:Hilarius
2708:Siricius
2698:Liberius
2693:Julius I
2673:Eusebius
2628:Lucius I
2588:Victor I
2573:Anicetus
2553:Sixtus I
2490:Antipope
2329:23564073
2308:25018107
2146:. Brill.
2092:23563551
2073:. Brill.
1998:. Brill.
1965:Vivarium
1924:(eds.).
1902:. Brill.
1844:. Brill.
791:decretal
789:– papal
768:See also
649:'s bull
406:Templars
385:Toulouse
364:Cahorsin
298:Conclave
7487:Portals
7295:Judaism
6695:Vulgate
6505:Gospels
6480:Stephen
6397:Origins
6317:Vulgate
6253:General
6243:of the
6241:History
6164:Schools
6120:Caritas
6028:Secular
5994:Workers
5889:Jesuits
5675:Museums
5670:Library
5648:Writers
5643:Artists
5623:Culture
5590:Paul VI
5471:Russian
5461:Melkite
5303:Brother
5281:General
5221:Titular
5191:Primate
5169:Eparchy
5159:Diocese
5106:Outline
5045:College
5035:Francis
4979:Virgins
4954:Martyrs
4880:Science
4787:History
4742:Penance
4727:Baptism
4628:Worship
4601:Vulgate
4549:Kingdom
4544:Trinity
4532:General
4287:Primacy
4195:History
4175:Outline
3997:Perugia
3991:Orvieto
3985:Viterbo
3882:Francis
3862:Paul VI
3847:Pius XI
3827:Pius IX
3812:Leo XII
3802:Pius VI
3661:Pius IV
3656:Paul IV
3596:Paul II
3591:Pius II
3541:Urban V
3225:John XV
3170:Leo VII
3165:John XI
3120:John IX
3110:Romanus
3009:Leo III
2984:Zachary
2954:John VI
2889:John IV
2809:John II
2734:Zosimus
2648:Felix I
2613:Anterus
2608:Pontian
2603:Urban I
2563:Hyginus
2440:of the
2250:29 June
1870:Fratrum
1762:Sources
1753:Quellen
795:alchemy
676:Perugia
509:Bologna
314:Avignon
173:Avignon
7513:France
7261:Nazism
7083:to the
6690:Jerome
6600:Origen
6283:Papacy
6042:Fimcap
5984:Marian
5904:Minims
5636:Marian
5486:Syriac
5481:Slovak
5411:Coptic
5347:Oblate
5342:Master
5337:Novice
5332:Hermit
5320:Sister
5276:Abbess
5243:Deacon
5238:Priest
5233:Parish
5176:Bishop
5146:Polity
4932:Joseph
4914:Saints
4581:Saints
4469:Nazism
3837:Pius X
3717:Paul V
3712:Leo XI
3666:Pius V
3290:Leo IX
3155:Leo VI
3150:John X
3055:Leo IV
2994:Paul I
2939:John V
2929:Leo II
2924:Agatho
2794:John I
2618:Fabian
2568:Pius I
2478:extant
2474:Tombs
2327:
2306:
2285:
2188:
2090:
2022:
1934:
1887:
1787:
1777:
1713:
709:, and
583:Aachen
452:Papacy
397:Fréjus
286:d'Euse
152:Cahors
116:Orders
70:Church
7611:Popes
7572:Texts
7555:Media
7363:Islam
6631:Roman
6590:Canon
6463:Peter
6411:Jesus
6140:CIDSE
5989:Youth
5713:Media
5680:Music
5605:Zaire
5585:Roman
5575:Braga
5565:Latin
5436:Greek
5308:Friar
5272:Abbot
5186:Major
5101:Index
5000:Laity
4566:Dogma
4513:Bible
4489:Islam
4445:Trent
4226:Jesus
4208:Legal
4170:Index
3626:Leo X
3145:Lando
3130:Leo V
2944:Conon
2919:Donus
2754:Leo I
2658:Caius
2578:Soter
2528:Linus
2523:Peter
2438:Popes
2325:JSTOR
2304:JSTOR
2283:S2CID
2088:JSTOR
1799:, in
801:Notes
378:Paris
274:Latin
7413:2023
7408:2019
7403:2016
7398:2013
7393:2011
7388:2008
7383:2005
7378:2002
7373:2000
7340:1995
6510:Acts
6473:Paul
6468:John
6443:Mary
5665:Folk
5313:Monk
5054:List
5032:Pope
4927:Mary
2688:Mark
2389:Pope
2252:2016
2186:ISBN
2020:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1785:OCLC
1775:ISBN
1711:ISSN
661:and
638:and
461:Coin
423:and
306:Lyon
284:(or
263:None
163:Died
136:Born
37:Pope
6399:and
6349:Art
5979:Lay
5631:Art
5325:Nun
5047:of
4539:God
2275:doi
2218:181
1973:doi
1703:doi
618:as
372:at
323:as
300:of
7587::
5784:,
5274:,
2321:10
2319:.
2300:54
2298:.
2281:.
2244:34
2242:.
2238:.
2082:.
1967:.
1920:;
1833:69
1831:.
1783:.
1709:.
1699:52
1697:.
1596:^
1461:^
1426:^
1351:^
1320:^
1299:^
1282:^
1231:^
1204:^
1185:^
1128:^
1039:^
988:^
947:^
896:^
879:^
864:^
730:.
593:.
479:.
416:.
380:.
316:.
276::
179:,
175:,
154:,
144:c.
7541::
7489::
7306:)
7302:(
6233:e
6226:t
6219:v
5779:,
5263::
5152:)
5148:(
5025:)
5021:(
4151:e
4144:t
4137:v
2430:e
2423:t
2416:v
2331:.
2310:.
2289:.
2277::
2254:.
2220:.
2194:.
2094:.
2084:5
2028:.
1979:.
1975::
1969:5
1940:.
1893:.
1835:.
1803:(
1791:.
1717:.
1705::
272:(
20:)
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