770:... the usefulness and limitation of mathematical statistics; the importance of having methods of statistical analysis that are robust to violations of the assumptions underlying their use; the need to amass experience of the behaviour of specific methods of analysis in order to provide guidance on their use; the importance of allowing the possibility of data's influencing the choice of method by which they are analysed; the need for statisticians to reject the role of "guardian of proven truth", and to resist attempts to provide once-for-all solutions and tidy over-unifications of the subject; the iterative nature of data analysis; implications of the increasing power, availability, and cheapness of computing facilities; the training of statisticians.
779:
many, like overweight parcels, delivered at a slow unfaltering pace. ... When it was complete, Tukey turned to face the audience and the podium ... "Comments, queries, suggestions?" he asked the audience ... As he waited for a response, he clambered onto the podium and manoeuvred until he was sitting cross-legged facing the audience. ... We in the audience sat like spectators at the zoo waiting for the great bear to move or say something. But the great bear appeared to be doing the same thing, and the feeling was not comfortable.
737:
configurations. Tukey emphasized the importance of having a more flexible attitude towards data analysis and of exploring data carefully to see what structures and information might be contained therein. He called this "exploratory data analysis" (EDA). In many ways, EDA was a precursor to data science.
736:
Making sense of data has a long history and has been addressed by statisticians, mathematicians, scientists, and others for many many years. During the 1960s, Tukey challenged the dominance at the time of what he called "confirmatory data analysis", statistical analyses driven by rigid mathematical
778:
Tukey ambled to the podium, a great bear of a man dressed in baggy pants and a black knitted shirt. These might once have been a matching pair but the vintage was such that it was hard to tell. ... Carefully and deliberately a list of headings was chalked on the blackboard. The words came too, not
740:
Tukey also realized the importance of computer science to EDA. Graphics are an integral part of EDA methodology and, while much of Tukey's work focused on static displays (such as box plots) that could be drawn by hand, he realized that computer graphics would be much more effective for studying
40:
732:
John Tukey contributed greatly to statistical practice and data analysis in general. In fact, some regard John Tukey as the father of data science. At the very least, he pioneered many of the key foundations of what came later to be known as data science.
606:
From 1960 to 1980, Tukey helped design the NBC television network polls used to predict and analyze elections. He was also a consultant to the
Educational Testing Service, the Xerox Corporation, and Merck & Company.
1782:
755:, believing that much statistical methodology placed too great an emphasis on the latter. Though he believed in the utility of separating the two types of analysis, he pointed out that sometimes, especially in
2403:
6938:
1853:
The choice of a logarithmic base corresponds to the choice of a unit for measuring information. If the base 2 is used the resulting units may be called binary digits, or more briefly
529:, in 1915, to a Latin teacher father and a private tutor. He was mainly taught by his mother and attended regular classes only for certain subjects like French. Tukey obtained a
6883:
2396:
6888:
6355:
2389:
2598:
2350:
972:
576:. He is claimed to have helped design the U-2 spy plane. After the war, he returned to Princeton, dividing his time between the university and
6943:
6933:
1611:
6878:
2332:
1921:
1810:
611:
2338:
2041:
Friedman, J. H., & Stuetzle, W. (2002). John W. Tukeyâs Work on
Interactive Graphics. The Annals of Statistics, 30(6), 1629-1639.
2343:
6348:
6893:
2591:
2296:
2245:
2188:
2147:
1690:
1600:
6928:
810:
6913:
1565:
1530:
1499:
1468:
1437:
1406:
1375:
1345:
1305:
1275:
1237:
1203:
1161:
1126:
1087:
1044:
946:
906:
860:
6948:
6918:
2856:
826:
6341:
2261:
741:
multivariate data. PRIM-9, the first program for viewing multivariate data, was conceived by him during the early 1970s.
603:, which summarized "A random selection of three people would have been better than a group of 300 chosen by Mr. Kinsey".
315:
6908:
6873:
5176:
2584:
1938:
149:
6923:
592:
219:
6898:
5208:
2032:
John W. Tukey (1962) The Future of Data
Analysis. Ann. Math. Statist. 33(1): 1-67. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177704711.
6903:
6719:
1970:
668:
581:
482:
259:
154:
502:
199:
6503:
2821:
2376:
1876:
1818:
1637:
690:
498:
194:
5538:
1930:
134:
5290:
4076:
3578:
2996:
1179:
1106:
1063:
1024:
960:
584:. He became a full professor at 35 and founding chairman of the Princeton statistics department in 1965.
2361:
2020:
David Donoho (2017), 50 Years of Data
Science, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 2017,
774:
Tukey's lectures were described to be unusual. McCullagh described his lecture given in London in 1977:
6246:
5510:
3236:
1522:
1491:
1460:
1429:
1398:
1229:
994:
852:
752:
663:
His statistical interests were many and varied. He is particularly remembered for his development with
526:
60:
2313:
4485:
4034:
2919:
2607:
748:
686:
637:
618:
494:
419:
291:
184:
129:
79:
2576:
159:
6364:
5934:
5380:
4503:
4336:
2468:
1605:
174:
5245:
3959:
3084:
956:
573:
4513:
1944:
1845:
6703:
6607:
6233:
5802:
5702:
5689:
5515:
4645:
4619:
4591:
4265:
4139:
3923:
3427:
3379:
3061:
2932:
2714:
2522:
1595:
626:
209:
20:
229:
6293:
5679:
5661:
5561:
5474:
4841:
4286:
3317:
3102:
2914:
2762:
2290:
2239:
2182:
2141:
1913:
1871:
1806:
760:
682:
490:
204:
179:
164:
6868:
6863:
6791:
6775:
6615:
6511:
6471:
6264:
6228:
6137:
6082:
5981:
5863:
5855:
5825:
5669:
5646:
5525:
5277:
5200:
4467:
4422:
4349:
4247:
4102:
4021:
3928:
3476:
3407:
3297:
3284:
3120:
2978:
2968:
2955:
2950:
2462:
2057:
932:
766:
A. D. Gordon offered the following summary of Tukey's principles for statistical practice:
672:
610:
During the 1970s and early 1980s, Tukey played a key role in the design and conduct of the
542:
354:
285:
169:
108:
4157:
1898:
1840:
706:
8:
6799:
6567:
6314:
6077:
6069:
6022:
5783:
5730:
5712:
5553:
5456:
5171:
4682:
4669:
4560:
4454:
4375:
4223:
4189:
4144:
4115:
4084:
3998:
3974:
3915:
3727:
3696:
3450:
3302:
3163:
3158:
3143:
2927:
2546:
2412:
2366:
1591:
622:
424:
394:
303:
5184:
744:
This coupling of data analysis and computer science is what is now called data science.
6807:
6695:
6639:
6455:
6186:
6004:
5911:
5758:
5684:
5040:
4876:
4809:
4758:
4526:
4449:
4294:
4173:
4152:
4089:
3887:
3722:
3598:
3573:
3555:
3505:
3279:
3264:
3251:
3246:
3223:
3043:
2945:
2754:
2504:
2438:
2278:
2227:
2219:
2129:
2003:
1961:
1889:
1831:
1260:
1188:
1072:
1012:
938:
887:
845:
839:
Andrews, David F.; Bickel, Peter J.; Hampel, Frank R.; Huber, Peter J.; Rogers, W. H.;
721:
717:
404:
254:
139:
2318:
701:
all bear his name. He is also the creator of several little-known methods such as the
6743:
6679:
6647:
6583:
6447:
6407:
6259:
6199:
6191:
6155:
6043:
6030:
5986:
5947:
5901:
5878:
5830:
5817:
5768:
5735:
5589:
5520:
5388:
5343:
5166:
5147:
5142:
5077:
5027:
4934:
4833:
4742:
4737:
4705:
4692:
4674:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4609:
4601:
4508:
4495:
4441:
4414:
4409:
4388:
4357:
4273:
4068:
4055:
4016:
3969:
3746:
3665:
3629:
3624:
3583:
3463:
3394:
3269:
3168:
3006:
2983:
2722:
2558:
2516:
2498:
2474:
2450:
2125:
1995:
1987:
1934:
1571:
1561:
1553:
1536:
1526:
1505:
1495:
1474:
1464:
1443:
1433:
1412:
1402:
1381:
1371:
1351:
1341:
1311:
1301:
1281:
1271:
1243:
1233:
1209:
1199:
1167:
1157:
1153:
1132:
1122:
1118:
1093:
1083:
1079:
1050:
1040:
1036:
942:
934:
The measurement of power spectra from the point of view of communications engineering
912:
902:
894:
866:
856:
710:
381:
2282:
2231:
625:
in 1982 "For his contributions to the spectral analysis of random processes and the
224:
6767:
6527:
6519:
6142:
6087:
5939:
5919:
5868:
5845:
5835:
5750:
5651:
5613:
5584:
5566:
5492:
5464:
5401:
5375:
5356:
5129:
5116:
5085:
4825:
4817:
4650:
4490:
4401:
4278:
4202:
4047:
4026:
3941:
3869:
3803:
3691:
3647:
3634:
3616:
3611:
3437:
3402:
3374:
3369:
3340:
3330:
3307:
3292:
3241:
3138:
2937:
2829:
2730:
2661:
2444:
2426:
2327:
2270:
2211:
2170:
2121:
2007:
1979:
1893:
1885:
1835:
1827:
1664:
1002:
980:
976:
792:
694:
538:
530:
450:
429:
376:
94:
1968:(September 1974). "A Projection Pursuit Algorithm for Exploratory Data Analysis".
309:
6735:
6623:
6575:
6479:
6220:
6212:
6207:
6173:
6160:
6150:
6100:
6095:
6061:
6014:
6009:
5957:
5896:
5873:
5725:
5717:
5656:
5623:
5608:
5406:
5319:
5311:
5282:
5216:
5124:
5045:
4785:
4777:
4750:
4729:
4700:
4687:
4531:
4521:
4480:
4462:
4380:
4165:
4003:
3946:
3892:
3769:
3751:
3704:
3673:
3526:
3389:
3384:
3350:
3345:
3213:
3200:
3148:
3115:
3092:
3056:
2813:
2682:
2552:
2540:
1368:
1338:
756:
569:
6551:
2021:
1741:
6815:
6687:
6655:
6463:
6431:
6399:
6301:
6254:
6168:
6132:
5891:
5883:
5850:
5807:
5618:
5505:
5348:
5295:
5258:
5237:
5103:
5090:
5053:
5032:
5022:
4998:
4979:
4926:
4884:
4801:
4614:
4565:
4536:
4370:
4252:
4228:
4181:
4110:
4042:
4011:
3951:
3910:
3882:
3798:
3790:
3642:
3560:
3484:
3458:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3325:
3256:
3228:
3195:
3187:
3074:
3069:
3019:
2906:
2864:
2797:
2746:
2706:
2701:
2674:
2642:
2534:
2486:
2174:
1695:
1267:
1195:
924:
814:
596:
554:
297:
2274:
1757:
969:
Statistical problems of the Kinsey report on sexual behavior in the human male
601:
Statistical
Problems of the Kinsey Report on Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
6857:
6759:
6727:
6631:
6591:
6543:
6535:
6495:
6423:
6415:
6333:
6178:
5996:
5962:
5952:
5812:
5778:
5697:
5641:
5636:
5628:
5576:
5548:
5543:
5497:
5414:
5327:
5253:
5229:
5137:
4947:
4939:
4721:
4713:
4583:
4396:
4362:
4344:
4260:
4215:
4210:
4120:
3964:
3905:
3900:
3874:
3782:
3777:
3683:
3678:
3660:
3652:
3603:
3536:
3531:
3471:
3445:
3125:
3107:
3079:
3011:
2991:
2960:
2848:
2805:
2738:
2669:
2528:
1991:
1917:
1655:
1575:
1540:
1509:
1478:
1447:
1416:
1385:
1247:
916:
588:
474:
414:
399:
244:
5014:
2372:
1983:
1716:
1633:
1355:
1171:
1136:
1097:
6823:
6783:
6751:
6711:
6663:
6599:
6375:
6306:
6288:
6283:
6113:
6108:
6056:
5991:
5924:
5773:
5740:
5707:
5571:
5482:
5224:
5192:
5058:
4971:
4596:
4573:
4194:
4097:
3759:
3714:
3709:
3588:
3518:
3500:
3492:
3417:
3335:
3205:
3153:
3130:
3048:
3001:
2973:
2770:
2564:
2492:
2432:
2215:
1285:
1213:
1054:
878:
698:
664:
565:
478:
6487:
1315:
870:
6839:
6831:
6671:
6241:
6048:
5929:
5906:
5840:
5763:
5745:
5533:
5487:
5469:
5393:
5303:
4955:
4849:
4793:
4472:
4063:
3993:
3933:
3850:
3808:
3593:
3312:
3274:
3097:
2789:
649:
568:, Tukey worked at the Fire Control Research Office and collaborated with
550:
409:
269:
214:
6391:
6035:
5674:
5335:
5111:
4963:
4578:
4541:
3764:
3565:
3513:
3024:
2480:
2223:
2133:
1016:
2381:
2042:
1999:
1669:
1650:
671:. In 1970, he contributed significantly to what is today known as the
6439:
5098:
4868:
3218:
2606:
2510:
1557:
898:
653:
630:
595:
that produced a report critiquing the statistical methodology of the
577:
349:
4906:
1007:
990:"An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series"
989:
6383:
2610:
676:
558:
513:
486:
336:
249:
239:
234:
144:
1395:
Volume III: Philosophy and principles of data analysis, 1949â1964
702:
189:
2094:
1426:
Volume IV: Philosophy and principles of data analysis, 1965â1986
727:
364:
505:
all bear his name. He is also credited with coining the term
459:
102:
98:
39:
1190:
Data analysis and regression: a second course in statistics
675:âalso termed QuenouilleâTukey jackknife. He introduced the
534:
465:
2351:"John Tukey, 85, Statistician; Coined the Word 'Software'"
1874:(October 1948). "A Mathematical Theory of Communication".
1691:"John Tukey, 85, Statistician; Coined the Word 'Software'"
6939:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
2095:"Bit definition by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)"
1855:
1612:
Interview of John Tukey about his experience at
Princeton
797:
546:
507:
264:
112:
1150:
Configural polysampling: a route to practical robustness
838:
6884:
Presidents of the
Institute of Mathematical Statistics
2319:
1104:
1061:
1022:
955:
795:
on early computer designs, Tukey introduced the word
462:
2082:
Biographical
Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
747:
Tukey articulated the important distinction between
553:
after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "On
456:
453:
1259:
1187:
1071:
1033:Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis
886:
844:
759:, this was problematic and termed such situations
2622:
1589:
1292:
1143:
847:Robust estimates of location: survey and advances
473:; June 16, 1915 â July 26, 2000) was an American
6855:
4907:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
1684:
1682:
1680:
1115:Fundamentals of exploratory analysis of variance
6889:Fellows of the American Statistical Association
2052:
2050:
973:Journal of the American Statistical Association
679:in his 1977 book, "Exploratory Data Analysis".
648:Early in his career Tukey worked on developing
621:by President Nixon in 1973. He was awarded the
6363:
1178:
6349:
2592:
2397:
2022:https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2017.1384734
1960:
1912:
1864:
1799:
1677:
923:
728:Data analysis and foundations of data science
2333:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
2047:
1906:
1550:Volume VIII: Multiple comparisons, 1949â1983
877:
19:"Tukey" redirects here. For other uses, see
987:
643:
612:National Assessment of Educational Progress
6356:
6342:
2599:
2585:
2404:
2390:
1519:Volume VII: Factorial and ANOVA, 1949â1962
1362:
1332:
38:
2258:
1897:
1839:
1688:
1668:
1454:
1006:
988:Cooley, James W.; Tukey, John W. (1965).
4316:
1811:"A Mathematical Theory of Communication"
1296:; Ross, Ian C.; Bertrand, Verna (1973).
1074:Exploring Data Tables, Trends and Shapes
889:Graphical Analysis of Multiresponse Data
511:and the first published use of the word
481:, best known for the development of the
2886:
2608:United States National Medal of Science
2411:
2201:
1870:
1805:
1601:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1488:Volume VI: More mathematical, 1938â1984
1485:
783:
6856:
2314:Royal Society obit. by Peter McCullagh
2160:
2111:
1923:A Mathematical Theory of Communication
1629:
1627:
1226:Convergence and Uniformity in Topology
483:fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm
6337:
5436:
5435:
4905:
4315:
3829:
2885:
2621:
2580:
2385:
2202:Heckler, Charles E. (February 2001).
1739:
1648:
1547:
1423:
1392:
1254:
1220:
591:, Tukey served on a committee of the
6944:20th-century American mathematicians
6934:Foreign members of the Royal Society
827:List of pioneers in computer science
580:. In 1962, Tukey was elected to the
6879:National Medal of Science laureates
2295:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
2262:The Journal of Agricultural Science
2244:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
2187:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
2146:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
2043:http://www.jstor.org/stable/1558733
1624:
1516:
1455:Cleveland, William S., ed. (1988).
1325:The collected works of John W Tukey
1298:Index to statistics and probability
316:Foreign Member of the Royal Society
13:
1890:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x
1859:, a word suggested by J. W. Tukey.
1832:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
1363:Brillinger, David R., ed. (1985).
1333:Brillinger, David R., ed. (1984).
636:Tukey retired in 1985. He died in
14:
6960:
2307:
2161:Cooper, Mark (JulyâAugust 2000).
1365:Volume II: Time series, 1965â1984
2126:10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00647.x
2080:P McCullagh, John Wilder Tukey,
1335:Volume I: Time series, 1949â1964
1327:, edited by William S. Cleveland
593:American Statistical Association
449:
2252:
2195:
2154:
2105:
2087:
2074:
2035:
2026:
2014:
1954:
1689:Leonhardt, David (2000-07-28).
1486:Mallows, Colin L., ed. (1990).
832:
6894:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
1971:IEEE Transactions on Computers
1899:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2
1841:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2
1775:
1750:
1733:
1709:
1642:
981:10.1080/01621459.1953.10501194
582:American Philosophical Society
545:, where in 1939 he received a
370:On Denumerability in Topology
260:Theory of conjoint measurement
1:
6929:Burials at Princeton Cemetery
3830:
2623:Behavioral and social science
2377:Mathematics Genealogy Project
2328:John Wilder Tukey (1915â2000)
1877:Bell System Technical Journal
1819:Bell System Technical Journal
1743:On denumerability in topology
1721:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1651:"Obituary: John Wilder Tukey"
1638:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1617:
1548:Braun, Henry I., ed. (1994).
1457:Volume V: Graphics, 1965â1985
656:, where he invented the term
150:BlackmanâTukey transformation
6914:Princeton University faculty
1931:University of Illinois Press
1424:Jones, Lyle V., ed. (1986).
1393:Jones, Lyle V., ed. (1985).
1180:Mosteller, Charles Frederick
1107:Mosteller, Charles Frederick
1064:Mosteller, Charles Frederick
1025:Mosteller, Charles Frederick
961:Mosteller, Charles Frederick
716:In 1974, he developed, with
587:Among many contributions to
520:
160:FreemanâTukey transformation
135:Multiple comparisons problem
7:
6949:Computational statisticians
6919:Princeton University alumni
2362:"Remembering John W. Tukey"
2259:Broadfoot, L. (June 2001).
1762:IEEE Global History Network
1649:Sande, Gordon (July 2001).
1523:Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole
1517:Cox, David R., ed. (1992).
1492:Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole
1461:Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole
1430:Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole
1399:Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole
820:
709:, an easier alternative to
537:in 1937 in chemistry, from
10:
6965:
6365:John von Neumann Lecturers
5511:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
2175:10.2135/cropsci2000.0015br
1230:Princeton University Press
853:Princeton University Press
753:confirmatory data analysis
691:Tukey's test of additivity
669:CooleyâTukey FFT algorithm
578:AT&T Bell Laboratories
527:New Bedford, Massachusetts
205:Tukey mean difference plot
195:Tukey's test of additivity
155:CooleyâTukey FFT algorithm
61:New Bedford, Massachusetts
18:
6909:Exploratory data analysis
6874:People from Massachusetts
6371:
6273:
6122:
5971:
5792:
5598:
5446:
5442:
5431:
5365:
5267:
5156:
5067:
4988:
4916:
4912:
4901:
4858:
4767:
4659:
4550:
4486:William Hayward Pickering
4431:
4326:
4322:
4311:
4237:
4129:
3983:
3859:
3840:
3836:
3825:
3736:
3545:
3359:
3177:
3033:
2896:
2892:
2881:
2838:
2779:
2691:
2651:
2632:
2628:
2617:
2419:
2275:10.1017/s002185960124893x
1262:Exploratory Data Analysis
749:exploratory data analysis
687:Tukey lambda distribution
652:methods for computers at
638:New Brunswick, New Jersey
619:National Medal of Science
495:Tukey lambda distribution
438:
387:
375:
363:
342:
332:
325:
292:National Medal of Science
278:
220:Tukey's biweight function
185:Tukey lambda distribution
130:Exploratory data analysis
122:
87:
80:New Brunswick, New Jersey
68:
46:
37:
30:
5935:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5381:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
3012:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
2323:The Annals of Statistics
2112:Talbot, M. (June 2000).
2058:"John Tukey - Biography"
1606:University of St Andrews
957:Cochran, William Gemmell
644:Scientific contributions
499:Tukey test of additivity
6924:Brown University alumni
5246:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
3164:George Ledyard Stebbins
3085:James Augustine Shannon
1984:10.1109/T-C.1974.224051
1740:Tukey, John W. (1939).
1144:Morgenthaler, Stephan;
503:TeichmĂŒllerâTukey lemma
6899:American statisticians
6704:George C. Papanicolaou
6608:R. Tyrrell Rockafellar
5703:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5690:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4646:Harry George Drickamer
4592:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
4266:M. Frederick Hawthorne
4140:John D. Baldeschwieler
3380:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
3062:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
2339:Memories of John Tukey
2216:10.1198/tech.2001.s547
1914:Shannon, Claude Elwood
1872:Shannon, Claude Elwood
1807:Shannon, Claude Elwood
781:
772:
627:fast Fourier transform
265:Coining the term 'bit'
21:Tukey (disambiguation)
16:American mathematician
6904:Survey methodologists
6294:Sylvester James Gates
5680:William Alfred Fowler
5662:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5475:Robert Burns Woodward
4287:Geraldine L. Richmond
4035:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
3318:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
3247:Vernon B. Mountcastle
3103:Sterling B. Hendricks
2920:Marshall W. Nirenberg
2915:Theodosius Dobzhansky
2763:William Julius Wilson
776:
768:
761:uncomfortable science
720:, the concept of the
6792:Bernard J. Matkowsky
6776:Jennifer Tour Chayes
6265:Warren M. Washington
6229:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
6138:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
6083:Martin Schwarzschild
5864:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
5856:J. Robert Schrieffer
5826:E. Margaret Burbidge
5670:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5647:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5526:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5278:John Griggs Thompson
5201:Martin David Kruskal
5041:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4514:Erwin Wilhelm MĂŒller
4468:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4423:Jack St. Clair Kilby
4350:John Robinson Pierce
4317:Engineering sciences
4248:Jacqueline K. Barton
4103:George M. Whitesides
4022:Dudley R. Herschbach
3960:Richard B. Bernstein
3929:Walter H. Stockmayer
3477:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3408:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
3298:Stanley Norman Cohen
3285:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3121:Keith Roberts Porter
2984:Alfred H. Sturtevant
2979:Michael Heidelberger
2951:Fritz Albert Lipmann
2463:Nicolaas Bloembergen
1787:search.amphilsoc.org
1783:"APS Member History"
1592:Robertson, Edmund F.
801:as a portmanteau of
640:, on July 26, 2000.
543:Princeton University
355:Princeton University
286:Wilks Memorial Award
175:TukeyâDuckworth test
109:Princeton University
6800:Charles F. Van Loan
6568:Jacques-Louis Lions
6315:Shirley Ann Jackson
6234:Charles P. Slichter
6078:Marshall Rosenbluth
6070:Wallace S. Broecker
6023:Eugene M. Shoemaker
5784:Victor F. Weisskopf
5731:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5713:Edgar Bright Wilson
5554:George Kistiakowsky
5172:Stephen Cole Kleene
4683:George H. Heilmeier
4670:Mildred Dresselhaus
4561:Edward H. Heinemann
4491:Frederick E. Terman
4455:Richard T. Whitcomb
4376:Clarence L. Johnson
4337:Theodore von KĂĄrmĂĄn
4224:Stephen J. Benkovic
4203:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
4190:Marvin H. Caruthers
4145:Ralph F. Hirschmann
4085:Darleane C. Hoffman
3975:Harden M. McConnell
3916:Frank H. Westheimer
3728:Stanley B. Prusiner
3692:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3451:Howard Martin Temin
3308:Maurice R. Hilleman
3303:Joseph L. Goldstein
3242:Donald A. Henderson
3159:Earl Reece Stadtman
3144:Elizabeth C. Crosby
3108:Orville Alvin Vogel
2938:Donald D. Van Slyke
2887:Biological sciences
2547:George H. Heilmeier
2413:IEEE Medal of Honor
2367:Statistical Science
2364:, special issue of
2084:49 (2003), 538-559.
1962:Friedman, Jerome H.
1590:O'Connor, John J.;
1300:. R & D Press.
1105:Hoaglin, David C.;
1062:Hoaglin, David C.;
1023:Hoaglin, David C.;
791:While working with
623:IEEE Medal of Honor
617:He was awarded the
541:, before moving to
425:Frederick Mosteller
395:David R. Brillinger
304:IEEE Medal of Honor
170:StoneâTukey theorem
6808:Margaret H. Wright
6696:Jerrold E. Marsden
6640:Olga Ladyzhenskaya
6512:Kurt O. Friedrichs
6456:James H. Wilkinson
6187:G. Brent Dalrymple
6005:Arthur L. Schawlow
5912:James A. Van Allen
5803:Philip W. Anderson
5759:Richard P. Feynman
5685:Linus Carl Pauling
5320:Dennis P. Sullivan
4877:John B. Goodenough
4810:Edwin N. Lightfoot
4778:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
4759:Kenneth N. Stevens
4527:Raymond D. Mindlin
4450:Harold E. Edgerton
4295:A. Paul Alivisatos
4174:Stephen J. Lippard
4153:Ernest R. Davidson
4090:Harold S. Johnston
3924:William S. Johnson
3888:George C. Pimentel
3723:Susan L. Lindquist
3705:Francis S. Collins
3599:Victor A. McKusick
3574:Francisco J. Ayala
3556:Nancy C. Andreasen
3506:Robert A. Weinberg
3280:Har Gobind Khorana
3265:Michael E. DeBakey
3252:George Emil Palade
3224:Wendell L. Roelofs
3214:Howard L. Bachrach
3044:Barbara McClintock
2946:Edward F. Knipling
2505:Robert G. Gallager
2355:The New York Times
1966:Tukey, John Wilder
1554:Chapman & Hall
1294:Tukey, John Wilder
1256:Tukey, John Wilder
1222:Tukey, John Wilder
1184:Tukey, John Wilder
1146:Tukey, John Wilder
1111:Tukey, John Wilder
1068:Tukey, John Wilder
1029:Tukey, John Wilder
965:Tukey, John Wilder
939:Dover Publications
929:Tukey, John Wilder
895:Chapman & Hall
883:Tukey, John Wilder
841:Tukey, John Wilder
809:was first used in
722:projection pursuit
718:Jerome H. Friedman
707:median-median line
683:Tukey's range test
525:Tukey was born in
255:Slash distribution
180:Tukey's range test
140:Projection pursuit
6851:
6850:
6844:
6836:
6828:
6820:
6812:
6804:
6796:
6788:
6780:
6772:
6764:
6756:
6748:
6744:Ingrid Daubechies
6740:
6732:
6724:
6716:
6708:
6700:
6692:
6684:
6680:Heinz-Otto Kreiss
6676:
6668:
6660:
6652:
6648:Charles S. Peskin
6644:
6636:
6628:
6620:
6616:Martin D. Kruskal
6612:
6604:
6596:
6588:
6584:Germund Dahlquist
6580:
6572:
6564:
6556:
6548:
6540:
6532:
6524:
6516:
6508:
6500:
6492:
6484:
6476:
6468:
6460:
6452:
6448:George F. Carrier
6444:
6436:
6428:
6420:
6412:
6408:Solomon Lefschetz
6404:
6396:
6388:
6380:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6260:Esther M. Conwell
6200:Robert N. Clayton
6192:Riccardo Giacconi
6156:Raymond Davis Jr.
6044:Albert Overhauser
5987:Edwin M. McMillan
5948:Arnold O. Beckman
5925:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
5902:Paul C. Lauterbur
5879:Robert Hofstadter
5831:Maurice Goldhaber
5818:Charles H. Townes
5769:Edward M. Purcell
5736:Frederick Rossini
5590:Wolfgang Panofsky
5521:John H. Van Vleck
5437:Physical sciences
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5389:Solomon W. Golomb
5349:Andrew J. Viterbi
5344:Leonard Kleinrock
5291:Calyampudi R. Rao
5259:Ronald R. Coifman
5167:George F. Carrier
5148:Donald C. Spencer
5143:Saunders Mac Lane
5078:Marshall H. Stone
5028:Shiing-Shen Chern
4935:Solomon Lefschetz
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4834:David J. Wineland
4802:John M. Prausnitz
4743:C. Kumar N. Patel
4738:James L. Flanagan
4706:John Roy Whinnery
4693:H. Guyford Stever
4675:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4638:George W. Housner
4633:Willis M. Hawkins
4628:Daniel C. Drucker
4610:Robert Byron Bird
4602:Bernard M. Oliver
4509:Peter C. Goldmark
4496:Wernher von Braun
4442:George E. Mueller
4415:Nathan M. Newmark
4410:J. Presper Eckert
4389:Claude E. Shannon
4358:Charles S. Draper
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4274:Judith P. Klinman
4158:GĂĄbor A. Somorjai
4069:Isabella L. Karle
4056:George S. Hammond
4017:Gertrude B. Elion
3970:Rudolph A. Marcus
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3747:Ralph L. Brinster
3666:Torsten N. Wiesel
3643:Norman E. Borlaug
3630:Solomon H. Snyder
3625:J. Michael Bishop
3584:Mario R. Capecchi
3464:Salome G. Waelsch
3395:E. Donnall Thomas
3270:Theodor O. Diener
3169:Paul Alfred Weiss
2997:Bernard B. Brodie
2933:George G. Simpson
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2822:Michael I. Posner
2723:Eleanor J. Gibson
2675:George J. Stigler
2643:Neal Elgar Miller
2574:
2573:
2559:Charles Concordia
2523:Karl Johan Ă
ström
2517:Amos E. Joel, Jr.
2475:John Roy Whinnery
2451:Sidney Darlington
2373:John Wilder Tukey
1670:10.1063/1.1397408
1567:978-0-412-05121-0
1532:978-0-534-05104-4
1501:978-0-534-05103-7
1470:978-0-534-05102-0
1439:978-0-534-05101-3
1408:978-0-534-03305-7
1377:978-0-534-03304-0
1347:978-0-534-03303-3
1307:978-0-88274-001-0
1277:978-0-201-07616-5
1239:978-0-691-09568-4
1205:978-0-201-04854-4
1163:978-0-471-52372-7
1128:978-0-471-52735-0
1089:978-0-471-09776-1
1046:978-0-471-09777-8
948:978-0-486-60507-4
908:978-0-8493-0384-5
862:978-0-691-08113-7
784:Coining the term
711:linear regression
445:John Wilder Tukey
442:
441:
388:Doctoral students
382:Solomon Lefschetz
327:Scientific career
165:SiegelâTukey test
6956:
6842:
6834:
6826:
6818:
6810:
6802:
6794:
6786:
6778:
6770:
6768:Leslie Greengard
6762:
6754:
6746:
6738:
6730:
6722:
6714:
6706:
6698:
6690:
6682:
6674:
6666:
6658:
6650:
6642:
6634:
6626:
6618:
6610:
6602:
6594:
6586:
6578:
6570:
6562:
6554:
6546:
6544:Joseph B. Keller
6538:
6530:
6528:Garrett Birkhoff
6522:
6520:Keith Stewartson
6514:
6506:
6498:
6490:
6482:
6474:
6466:
6458:
6450:
6442:
6434:
6426:
6418:
6410:
6402:
6394:
6386:
6378:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6335:
6334:
6143:Gilbert F. White
6088:George Wetherill
5982:Allan M. Cormack
5940:Jack Steinberger
5920:D. Allan Bromley
5869:H. Richard Crane
5846:Frederick Reines
5836:Helmut Landsberg
5751:George Uhlenbeck
5652:Vladimir Haensel
5614:Allan R. Sandage
5585:Herbert C. Brown
5567:Herbert Friedman
5493:Leon M. Lederman
5465:Julian Schwinger
5444:
5443:
5433:
5432:
5402:Alexandre Chorin
5376:Richard A. Tapia
5357:David B. Mumford
5185:Alberto CalderĂłn
5130:Joseph B. Keller
5117:Michael Freedman
5086:Herman Goldstine
4940:H. Marston Morse
4914:
4913:
4903:
4902:
4842:Rudolf E. KĂĄlmĂĄn
4826:Robert S. Langer
4818:Jan D. Achenbach
4651:Herbert E. Grier
4402:Igor I. Sikorsky
4363:Othmar H. Ammann
4324:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4279:Jerrold Meinwald
4048:Norman Hackerman
4027:Glenn T. Seaborg
3942:William O. Baker
3870:F. Albert Cotton
3838:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3804:Mary-Claire King
3697:Bert W. O'Malley
3653:Thomas E. Starzl
3648:Phillip A. Sharp
3635:Charles Yanofsky
3617:Evelyn M. Witkin
3612:James E. Darnell
3438:Paul C. Zamecnik
3403:Mary Ellen Avery
3375:Herbert W. Boyer
3370:Baruj Benacerraf
3341:Joshua Lederberg
3331:Viktor Hamburger
3293:Michael S. Brown
3139:Robert H. Burris
2894:
2893:
2883:
2882:
2830:Mortimer Mishkin
2755:William K. Estes
2739:Roger N. Shepard
2731:Robert K. Merton
2715:George A. Miller
2662:Herbert A. Simon
2630:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2445:William Shockley
2427:H. Earle Vaughan
2406:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2358:
2346:by Mary Bittrich
2301:
2300:
2294:
2286:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2235:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2178:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2054:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1943:. Archived from
1928:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1850:
1844:. Archived from
1843:
1815:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1646:
1640:
1631:
1608:
1584:About John Tukey
1579:
1544:
1513:
1482:
1451:
1420:
1389:
1359:
1319:
1289:
1265:
1251:
1217:
1193:
1175:
1140:
1101:
1077:
1058:
1020:
1010:
984:
952:
920:
892:
879:Basford, Kaye E.
874:
850:
793:John von Neumann
539:Brown University
491:Tukey range test
472:
471:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
430:John A. Hartigan
377:Doctoral advisor
95:Brown University
75:
56:
54:
42:
28:
27:
6964:
6963:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6847:
6736:Bernd Sturmfels
6576:Richard M. Karp
6480:James Lighthill
6367:
6362:
6332:
6319:
6307:Sean C. Solomon
6269:
6221:Daniel Kleppner
6213:Lonnie Thompson
6208:Ralph A. Alpher
6174:W. Jason Morgan
6161:Charles Keeling
6151:Marvin L. Cohen
6118:
6101:John N. Bahcall
6096:Don L. Anderson
6062:Peter Goldreich
6015:Steven Weinberg
5967:
5897:Walter Elsasser
5874:Herman Feshbach
5788:
5726:Samuel Goudsmit
5718:Chien-Shiung Wu
5657:Frederick Seitz
5624:John A. Wheeler
5609:Robert H. Dicke
5594:
5457:Luis W. Alvarez
5438:
5419:
5407:David Blackwell
5361:
5312:Carl R. de Boor
5283:Karen Uhlenbeck
5263:
5217:Louis Nirenberg
5152:
5125:Ralph E. Gomory
5063:
5059:Donald E. Knuth
5046:Hassler Whitney
4984:
4908:
4889:
4854:
4786:Andreas Acrivos
4763:
4751:Eli Ruckenstein
4730:Hermann A. Haus
4701:Calvin F. Quate
4688:Luna B. Leopold
4655:
4546:
4532:Robert N. Noyce
4522:Emmett N. Leith
4481:Manson Benedict
4463:Rudolf Kompfner
4427:
4381:Warren K. Lewis
4318:
4299:
4233:
4195:Peter B. Dervan
4166:John I. Brauman
4125:
4077:Norman Davidson
4004:John D. Roberts
3979:
3947:Konrad E. Bloch
3893:Richard N. Zare
3855:
3832:
3813:
3770:Sallie Chisholm
3752:Rudolf Jaenisch
3732:
3715:J. Craig Venter
3674:Rita R. Colwell
3541:
3527:David Baltimore
3418:Robert W. Kates
3390:David G. Nathan
3385:Edward B. Lewis
3355:
3351:Harland G. Wood
3346:Roger W. Sperry
3201:Glenn W. Burton
3173:
3149:Arthur Kornberg
3116:Roger Guillemin
3093:Hallowell Davis
3057:Daniel I. Arnon
3049:Albert B. Sabin
3029:
3002:Detlev W. Bronk
2974:Harry F. Harlow
2969:Kenneth S. Cole
2956:William C. Rose
2928:Francis P. Rous
2888:
2869:
2834:
2814:Gordon H. Bower
2775:
2771:Robert M. Solow
2687:
2683:Milton Friedman
2647:
2624:
2613:
2605:
2575:
2570:
2553:Donald Pederson
2541:Robert Metcalfe
2439:Richard Bellman
2415:
2410:
2349:
2344:Short biography
2310:
2305:
2304:
2288:
2287:
2257:
2253:
2237:
2236:
2200:
2196:
2180:
2179:
2159:
2155:
2139:
2138:
2110:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2015:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1926:
1911:
1907:
1869:
1865:
1851:on 1998-07-15.
1848:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1687:
1678:
1647:
1643:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1568:
1533:
1502:
1471:
1440:
1409:
1378:
1369:Wadsworth, Inc.
1348:
1339:Wadsworth, Inc.
1308:
1278:
1240:
1206:
1164:
1148:, eds. (1991).
1129:
1113:, eds. (1991).
1090:
1070:, eds. (1985).
1047:
1031:, eds. (1983).
1008:10.2307/2003354
1001:(90): 297â301.
949:
925:Blackman, R. B.
909:
863:
835:
823:
789:
757:natural science
730:
646:
574:William Cochran
523:
452:
448:
434:
405:Arthur Dempster
359:
321:
274:
190:Tukey's trimean
118:
83:
77:
73:
64:
58:
52:
50:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6962:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6837:
6829:
6821:
6816:Nick Trefethen
6813:
6805:
6797:
6789:
6781:
6773:
6765:
6757:
6749:
6741:
6733:
6725:
6720:David Gottlieb
6717:
6709:
6701:
6693:
6688:Alan C. Newell
6685:
6677:
6669:
6661:
6656:Persi Diaconis
6653:
6645:
6637:
6629:
6621:
6613:
6605:
6597:
6589:
6581:
6573:
6565:
6557:
6549:
6541:
6533:
6525:
6517:
6509:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6464:Paul Samuelson
6461:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6432:Chia-Chiao Lin
6429:
6421:
6413:
6405:
6400:Stanislaw Ulam
6397:
6389:
6381:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6361:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6338:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6309:
6304:
6302:Burton Richter
6299:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6255:Yakir Aharonov
6252:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6223:
6218:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6202:
6197:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6169:Richard Garwin
6166:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6133:Willis E. Lamb
6130:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6072:
6067:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5892:Philip Abelson
5889:
5886:
5884:Chen-Ning Yang
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5858:
5853:
5851:Bruno B. Rossi
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5808:Yoichiro Nambu
5805:
5800:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5619:John C. Slater
5616:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5506:Jacob Bjerknes
5503:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5338:
5333:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5317:
5314:
5309:
5306:
5304:James G. Glimm
5301:
5298:
5296:Elias M. Stein
5293:
5288:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5248:
5243:
5240:
5238:Shing-Tung Yau
5235:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5214:
5211:
5206:
5203:
5198:
5195:
5190:
5187:
5182:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5106:
5104:Antoni Zygmund
5101:
5096:
5093:
5091:Isadore Singer
5088:
5083:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5054:Joseph L. Doob
5051:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5035:
5033:George Dantzig
5030:
5025:
5023:John W. Backus
5020:
5017:
5012:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4999:Richard Brauer
4996:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4980:William Feller
4977:
4974:
4969:
4966:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4950:
4945:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4929:
4927:Norbert Wiener
4924:
4920:
4918:
4910:
4909:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4885:Thomas Kailath
4882:
4879:
4874:
4871:
4866:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4844:
4839:
4836:
4831:
4828:
4823:
4820:
4815:
4812:
4807:
4804:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4748:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4622:
4617:
4615:H. Bolton Seed
4612:
4607:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4568:
4566:Donald L. Katz
4563:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4537:Earl R. Parker
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4391:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4371:Hugh L. Dryden
4368:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4255:
4253:Peter J. Stang
4250:
4245:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4229:Marye Anne Fox
4226:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4182:Tobin J. Marks
4179:
4176:
4171:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4111:Stuart A. Rice
4108:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4043:Donald J. Cram
4040:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:Ronald Breslow
4009:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3952:Elias J. Corey
3949:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3911:Carl S. Marvel
3908:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Roald Hoffmann
3880:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3799:Stanley Falkow
3796:
3793:
3791:Rakesh K. Jain
3788:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:Gene E. Likens
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:George F. Bass
3576:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3561:Peter H. Raven
3558:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3485:Alexander Rich
3482:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3459:Daniel Nathans
3456:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3433:Folke K. Skoog
3430:
3425:
3423:Salvador Luria
3420:
3415:
3413:Elvin A. Kabat
3410:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3326:Katherine Esau
3323:
3320:
3315:
3313:Eric R. Kandel
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3257:Joan A. Steitz
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3229:Berta Scharrer
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Seymour Benzer
3193:
3190:
3188:Philip Handler
3185:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3075:Erwin Chargaff
3072:
3070:Britton Chance
3067:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3020:Robert Huebner
3017:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2907:C. B. van Niel
2904:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2865:Albert Bandura
2862:
2859:
2857:Robert Axelrod
2854:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2800:
2798:R. Duncan Luce
2795:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2747:Paul Samuelson
2744:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2707:Patrick Suppes
2704:
2702:Leonid Hurwicz
2699:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2535:Lotfi A. Zadeh
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2499:C. Kumar Patel
2496:
2490:
2487:Paul Lauterbur
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2370:
2359:
2347:
2341:
2336:
2325:
2316:
2309:
2308:External links
2306:
2303:
2302:
2269:(4): 471â475.
2251:
2194:
2153:
2120:(2): 649â650.
2104:
2086:
2073:
2046:
2034:
2025:
2013:
1978:(9): 881â890.
1953:
1950:on 1998-07-15.
1939:
1918:Weaver, Warren
1905:
1884:(4): 623â666.
1863:
1826:(3): 379â423.
1798:
1774:
1749:
1732:
1708:
1696:New York Times
1676:
1641:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1566:
1545:
1531:
1514:
1500:
1483:
1469:
1452:
1438:
1421:
1407:
1390:
1376:
1360:
1346:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1306:
1290:
1276:
1268:Addison-Wesley
1252:
1238:
1218:
1204:
1196:Addison-Wesley
1176:
1162:
1141:
1127:
1102:
1088:
1059:
1045:
985:
953:
947:
921:
907:
875:
861:
834:
831:
830:
829:
822:
819:
815:Claude Shannon
788:
782:
729:
726:
645:
642:
555:denumerability
522:
519:
440:
439:
436:
435:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
389:
385:
384:
379:
373:
372:
367:
361:
360:
358:
357:
352:
346:
344:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
323:
322:
320:
319:
313:
307:
301:
298:Shewhart Medal
295:
289:
282:
280:
276:
275:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
225:Tukey's fences
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
126:
124:
123:Known for
120:
119:
117:
116:
106:
91:
89:
85:
84:
78:
76:(aged 85)
70:
66:
65:
59:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6961:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6841:
6838:
6833:
6830:
6825:
6822:
6817:
6814:
6809:
6806:
6801:
6798:
6793:
6790:
6785:
6782:
6777:
6774:
6769:
6766:
6761:
6760:Stanley Osher
6758:
6753:
6750:
6745:
6742:
6737:
6734:
6729:
6728:Franco Brezzi
6726:
6721:
6718:
6713:
6710:
6705:
6702:
6697:
6694:
6689:
6686:
6681:
6678:
6673:
6670:
6665:
6662:
6657:
6654:
6649:
6646:
6641:
6638:
6633:
6632:William Kahan
6630:
6625:
6622:
6617:
6614:
6609:
6606:
6601:
6598:
6593:
6592:Stephen Smale
6590:
6585:
6582:
6577:
6574:
6569:
6566:
6561:
6560:John W. Tukey
6558:
6553:
6550:
6545:
6542:
6537:
6536:David Slepian
6534:
6529:
6526:
6521:
6518:
6513:
6510:
6505:
6504:Peter Henrici
6502:
6497:
6496:Kenneth Arrow
6494:
6489:
6486:
6481:
6478:
6473:
6470:
6465:
6462:
6457:
6454:
6449:
6446:
6441:
6438:
6433:
6430:
6425:
6424:Eugene Wigner
6422:
6417:
6416:Freeman Dyson
6414:
6409:
6406:
6401:
6398:
6393:
6390:
6385:
6382:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6359:
6354:
6352:
6347:
6345:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6247:James E. Gunn
6245:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6179:Edward Witten
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5997:Roger Revelle
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5963:Henry Stommel
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:Eugene Parker
5951:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5813:Edward Teller
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5779:Lyman Spitzer
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5698:Hans A. Bethe
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5642:Maurice Ewing
5640:
5638:
5637:Carl Djerassi
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:Saul Winstein
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5577:Eugene Wigner
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5562:Paul Bartlett
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5549:Louis Hammett
5547:
5545:
5544:Gregory Breit
5542:
5540:
5539:Francis Birch
5537:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5498:William Rubey
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5434:
5430:
5416:
5415:Michael Artin
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5328:Bradley Efron
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5254:Felix Browder
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5230:Stephen Smale
5228:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5177:John McCarthy
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:Samuel Karlin
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:Oscar Zariski
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4904:
4900:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Ray W. Clough
4720:
4717:
4715:
4714:Alfred Y. Cho
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:John G. Trump
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Edwin H. Land
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4345:Vannevar Bush
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4310:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:Allen J. Bard
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:JoAnne Stubbe
4214:
4212:
4211:Joanna Fowler
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4121:Susan Solomon
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Melvin Calvin
3963:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Yuan Tseh Lee
3904:
3902:
3901:Harry B. Gray
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3875:Gilbert Stork
3873:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3824:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Bruce Alberts
3781:
3779:
3778:May Berenbaum
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:Lubert Stryer
3682:
3680:
3679:Nina Fedoroff
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:Anthony Fauci
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Harold Varmus
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3537:Lynn Margulis
3535:
3533:
3532:Jared Diamond
3530:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Thomas Eisner
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:Maxine Singer
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:Paul A. Marks
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:Stanley Cohen
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Efraim Racker
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:James V. Neel
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Horace Barker
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:Sewall Wright
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Anne Treisman
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Kenneth Arrow
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Anne Anastasi
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2529:Alfred Y. Cho
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:Norman Ramsey
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:published in
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2298:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:Technometrics
2198:
2190:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2099:www.linfo.org
2096:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2063:
2062:Maths History
2059:
2053:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1946:
1942:
1940:0-252-72548-4
1936:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1809:(July 1948).
1808:
1802:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1656:Physics Today
1652:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
995:Math. Comput.
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
944:
940:
936:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
904:
900:
896:
891:
890:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
858:
854:
849:
848:
842:
837:
836:
828:
825:
824:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:
794:
787:
780:
775:
771:
767:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
742:
738:
734:
725:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:Tukey's lemma
692:
688:
684:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
641:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
608:
604:
602:
598:
597:Kinsey Report
594:
590:
589:civil society
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
518:
516:
515:
510:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:mathematician
470:
446:
437:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Karen Kafadar
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
400:Kai Lai Chung
398:
396:
393:
392:
390:
386:
383:
380:
378:
374:
371:
368:
366:
362:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
345:
341:
338:
335:
331:
328:
324:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
283:
281:
277:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Median polish
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:Tukey's lemma
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
125:
121:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
93:
92:
90:
86:
81:
72:July 26, 2000
71:
67:
62:
57:June 16, 1915
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
6824:Chi-Wang Shu
6784:Donald Knuth
6752:John M. Ball
6712:Nancy Kopell
6664:David Donoho
6624:Carl de Boor
6600:Andrew Majda
6559:
6552:JĂŒrgen Moser
6472:Jule Charney
6376:Lars Ahlfors
6289:Sandra Faber
6284:Sidney Drell
6114:Leo Kadanoff
6109:James Cronin
6057:Hans Dehmelt
5992:Robert Pound
5958:Robert Sharp
5774:John Sinfelt
5741:Verner Suomi
5708:Lewis Sarett
5572:Lars Onsager
5516:Henry Eyring
5483:John Bardeen
5225:Richard Karp
5193:Allen Newell
5006:
4972:Jerzy Neyman
4597:Tung-Yen Lin
4574:Bill Hewlett
4504:Morris Cohen
4098:John W. Cahn
3999:Karl Folkers
3760:Lucy Shapiro
3710:Elaine Fuchs
3589:Ann Graybiel
3519:Janet Rowley
3501:James Watson
3493:Ruth Patrick
3336:Philip Leder
3206:Mildred Cohn
3154:Severo Ochoa
3131:E. O. Wilson
2565:Andrew Grove
2493:Calvin Quate
2456:
2433:Robert Noyce
2365:
2357:, 2000-07-28
2354:
2331:
2322:
2291:cite journal
2266:
2260:
2254:
2240:cite journal
2210:(1): 97â98.
2207:
2203:
2197:
2183:cite journal
2166:
2163:Crop Science
2162:
2156:
2142:cite journal
2117:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2081:
2076:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:
2037:
2028:
2016:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1945:the original
1922:
1908:
1881:
1875:
1866:
1854:
1852:
1846:the original
1823:
1817:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1761:
1758:"John Tukey"
1752:
1742:
1735:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:
1717:"John Tukey"
1711:
1700:. Retrieved
1694:
1663:(7): 80â81.
1660:
1654:
1644:
1599:
1596:"John Tukey"
1549:
1518:
1487:
1456:
1425:
1394:
1364:
1334:
1324:
1297:
1293:
1261:
1255:
1225:
1221:
1189:
1183:
1149:
1145:
1114:
1110:
1073:
1067:
1032:
1028:
998:
993:
968:
964:
933:
928:
888:
882:
846:
840:
833:Publications
806:
803:binary digit
802:
796:
790:
785:
777:
773:
769:
765:
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
715:
699:Tukey window
681:
665:James Cooley
662:
657:
647:
635:
616:
609:
605:
600:
586:
570:Samuel Wilks
566:World War II
563:
533:in 1936 and
524:
512:
506:
479:statistician
444:
443:
369:
343:Institutions
326:
310:Deming Medal
230:Tukey window
210:Tukey median
74:(2000-07-26)
25:
6869:2000 deaths
6864:1915 births
6840:Yousef Saad
6832:Leah Keshet
6672:Eric Lander
6242:Berni Alder
6049:Frank Press
5930:Walter Kohn
5907:George Pake
5841:Walter Munk
5764:Herman Mark
5746:Henry Taube
5534:Jesse Beams
5488:Peter Debye
5470:Harold Urey
5394:Barry Mazur
4956:John Milnor
4850:Amnon Yariv
4794:Leo Beranek
4620:Ernst Weber
4473:Abel Wolman
4064:Thomas Cech
3994:Elkan Blout
3934:Max Tishler
3851:Roger Adams
3809:Simon Levin
3275:Harry Eagle
3098:Paul Gyorgy
2790:Gary Becker
2169:(4): 1184.
805:. The term
650:statistical
551:mathematics
410:Leo Goodman
270:Scagnostics
215:Tukey depth
6858:Categories
6392:Jean Leray
6036:Vera Rubin
5675:Paul Flory
5336:Hyman Bass
5209:John Cocke
5112:Raoul Bott
5015:Kurt Gödel
5007:John Tukey
4964:Paul Cohen
4579:George Low
4542:Simon Ramo
3765:Leroy Hood
3566:Carl Woese
3514:Bruce Ames
3025:Ernst Mayr
2481:Jack Kilby
2457:John Tukey
2114:Biometrics
2067:2022-02-18
1792:2021-01-28
1768:2011-07-18
1726:2022-07-02
1702:2012-09-24
1634:John Tukey
1618:References
811:an article
697:, and the
501:, and the
420:Paul Meier
53:1915-06-16
32:John Tukey
6488:René Thom
6440:Peter Lax
6031:Val Fitch
5099:Peter Lax
4869:Shu Chien
4116:John Ross
3831:Chemistry
3219:Paul Berg
2611:laureates
2511:Leo Esaki
2420:1976â2000
1992:0018-9340
1576:165099761
1558:CRC Press
1541:165366083
1510:232966724
1479:230023465
1448:165832503
1417:159731367
1386:159731367
1248:227948615
917:154674707
899:CRC Press
817:in 1948.
673:jackknife
660:in 1947.
654:Bell Labs
631:algorithm
521:Biography
350:Bell Labs
88:Education
6384:Mark Kac
6010:Ed Stone
3007:Jay Lush
2283:86230606
2232:26430218
1920:(1949).
1356:10998116
1258:(1977).
1224:(1940).
1186:(1977).
1172:22381036
1137:23180322
1098:11550398
967:(1953).
931:(1959).
885:(1998).
843:(1972).
821:See also
677:box plot
559:topology
514:software
487:box plot
337:Topology
250:Midhinge
240:Flexagon
235:Cepstrum
145:Box plot
2375:at the
2224:1270862
2134:2677019
2008:7997450
2000:1442925
1636:at the
1286:3058187
1214:3235470
1055:8495063
1017:2003354
703:trimean
667:of the
564:During
6843:(2023)
6835:(2022)
6827:(2021)
6819:(2020)
6811:(2019)
6803:(2018)
6795:(2017)
6787:(2016)
6779:(2015)
6771:(2014)
6763:(2013)
6755:(2012)
6747:(2011)
6739:(2010)
6731:(2009)
6723:(2008)
6715:(2007)
6707:(2006)
6699:(2005)
6691:(2004)
6683:(2003)
6675:(2002)
6667:(2001)
6659:(2000)
6651:(1999)
6643:(1998)
6635:(1997)
6627:(1996)
6619:(1994)
6611:(1992)
6603:(1990)
6595:(1989)
6587:(1988)
6579:(1987)
6571:(1986)
6563:(1985)
6555:(1984)
6547:(1983)
6539:(1982)
6531:(1981)
6523:(1980)
6515:(1979)
6507:(1978)
6499:(1977)
6491:(1976)
6483:(1975)
6475:(1974)
6467:(1971)
6459:(1970)
6451:(1969)
6443:(1968)
6435:(1967)
6427:(1966)
6419:(1965)
6411:(1964)
6403:(1963)
6395:(1962)
6387:(1961)
6379:(1960)
2567:(2000)
2561:(1999)
2555:(1998)
2549:(1997)
2543:(1996)
2537:(1995)
2531:(1994)
2525:(1993)
2519:(1992)
2513:(1991)
2507:(1990)
2501:(1989)
2495:(1988)
2489:(1987)
2483:(1986)
2477:(1985)
2471:(1984)
2465:(1983)
2459:(1982)
2453:(1981)
2447:(1980)
2441:(1979)
2435:(1978)
2429:(1977)
2281:
2230:
2222:
2132:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1937:
1764:. IEEE
1574:
1564:
1539:
1529:
1508:
1498:
1477:
1467:
1446:
1436:
1415:
1405:
1384:
1374:
1354:
1344:
1316:745715
1314:
1304:
1284:
1274:
1246:
1236:
1212:
1202:
1170:
1160:
1135:
1125:
1096:
1086:
1053:
1043:
1015:
945:
915:
905:
871:369963
869:
859:
685:, the
629:(FFT)
497:, the
493:, the
489:. The
365:Thesis
333:Fields
318:(1991)
312:(1982)
306:(1982)
300:(1976)
294:(1973)
288:(1965)
279:Awards
82:, U.S.
63:, U.S.
6274:2010s
6123:2000s
5972:1990s
5793:1980s
5599:1970s
5447:1960s
5366:2010s
5268:2000s
5157:1990s
5068:1980s
4989:1970s
4917:1960s
4859:2010s
4768:2000s
4660:1990s
4551:1980s
4432:1970s
4327:1960s
4238:2010s
4130:2000s
3984:1990s
3860:1980s
3841:1960s
3737:2010s
3546:2000s
3360:1990s
3178:1980s
3034:1970s
2897:1960s
2839:2010s
2780:2000s
2692:1990s
2652:1980s
2633:1960s
2279:S2CID
2228:S2CID
2220:JSTOR
2130:JSTOR
2004:S2CID
1948:(PDF)
1927:(PDF)
1849:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1154:Wiley
1119:Wiley
1080:Wiley
1037:Wiley
1013:JSTOR
6311:2014
6298:2012
6280:2011
6251:2009
6238:2008
6225:2007
6217:2006
6204:2005
6196:2004
6183:2003
6165:2002
6147:2001
6129:2000
6105:1999
6092:1998
6074:1997
6066:1996
6053:1995
6040:1994
6027:1993
6019:1992
6001:1991
5978:1990
5944:1989
5916:1988
5888:1987
5860:1986
5822:1983
5799:1982
5755:1979
5722:1976
5694:1975
5666:1974
5633:1973
5605:1970
5581:1969
5558:1968
5530:1967
5502:1966
5479:1965
5461:1964
5453:1963
5411:2013
5398:2012
5385:2011
5372:2010
5353:2009
5340:2007
5332:2006
5324:2005
5316:2004
5308:2003
5300:2002
5287:2001
5274:2000
5250:1999
5242:1998
5234:1997
5221:1996
5213:1995
5205:1994
5197:1993
5189:1992
5181:1991
5163:1990
5134:1989
5121:1988
5108:1987
5095:1986
5082:1983
5074:1982
5050:1979
5037:1976
5019:1975
5011:1974
5003:1973
4995:1970
4976:1969
4968:1968
4960:1967
4952:1966
4944:1965
4931:1964
4923:1963
4881:2012
4873:2011
4865:2010
4846:2009
4838:2008
4830:2007
4822:2006
4814:2005
4806:2004
4798:2003
4790:2002
4782:2001
4774:2000
4755:1999
4747:1998
4734:1996
4726:1995
4718:1994
4710:1993
4697:1992
4679:1991
4666:1990
4642:1989
4624:1988
4606:1987
4588:1986
4570:1983
4557:1982
4518:1979
4500:1976
4477:1975
4459:1974
4446:1973
4438:1970
4419:1969
4406:1968
4393:1967
4385:1966
4367:1965
4354:1964
4341:1963
4333:1962
4291:2014
4283:2013
4270:2012
4257:2011
4244:2010
4220:2009
4207:2008
4199:2007
4186:2006
4178:2005
4170:2004
4162:2002
4149:2001
4136:2000
4107:1999
4094:1998
4081:1997
4073:1996
4060:1995
4052:1994
4039:1993
4031:1992
4008:1991
3990:1990
3956:1989
3938:1988
3920:1987
3897:1986
3879:1983
3866:1982
3847:1964
3795:2014
3787:2013
3774:2012
3756:2011
3743:2010
3719:2009
3701:2008
3688:2007
3670:2006
3657:2005
3639:2004
3621:2003
3608:2002
3570:2001
3552:2000
3523:1999
3510:1998
3497:1997
3489:1996
3481:1995
3468:1994
3455:1993
3442:1992
3399:1991
3366:1990
3322:1989
3289:1988
3261:1987
3233:1986
3210:1983
3192:1982
3184:1981
3135:1979
3112:1976
3089:1975
3066:1974
3053:1973
3040:1970
3016:1969
2988:1968
2965:1967
2942:1966
2924:1965
2911:1964
2903:1963
2861:2015
2853:2014
2845:2011
2826:2009
2818:2008
2810:2005
2802:2004
2794:2003
2786:2000
2767:1999
2759:1998
2751:1997
2743:1996
2735:1995
2727:1994
2719:1992
2711:1991
2698:1990
2679:1988
2666:1987
2658:1986
2639:1964
2297:link
2246:link
2189:link
2148:link
1996:OSTI
1988:ISSN
1976:C-23
1935:ISBN
1856:bits
1572:OCLC
1562:ISBN
1537:OCLC
1527:ISBN
1506:OCLC
1496:ISBN
1475:OCLC
1465:ISBN
1444:OCLC
1434:ISBN
1413:OCLC
1403:ISBN
1382:OCLC
1372:ISBN
1352:OCLC
1342:ISBN
1312:OCLC
1302:ISBN
1282:OCLC
1272:ISBN
1244:OCLC
1234:ISBN
1210:OCLC
1200:ISBN
1168:OCLC
1158:ISBN
1133:OCLC
1123:ISBN
1094:OCLC
1084:ISBN
1051:OCLC
1041:ISBN
943:ISBN
913:OCLC
903:ISBN
867:OCLC
857:ISBN
751:and
705:and
572:and
535:M.S.
531:B.A.
485:and
477:and
69:Died
47:Born
2330:in
2271:doi
2267:136
2212:doi
2171:doi
2122:doi
1980:doi
1894:hdl
1886:doi
1836:hdl
1828:doi
1665:doi
1003:doi
977:doi
813:by
807:bit
798:bit
786:bit
658:bit
633:".
561:".
557:in
549:in
547:PhD
508:bit
113:PhD
6860::
2353:,
2293:}}
2289:{{
2277:.
2265:.
2242:}}
2238:{{
2226:.
2218:.
2208:43
2206:.
2185:}}
2181:{{
2167:40
2165:.
2144:}}
2140:{{
2128:.
2118:56
2116:.
2097:.
2060:.
2049:^
2002:.
1994:.
1986:.
1974:.
1964:;
1933:.
1929:.
1916:;
1892:.
1882:27
1880:.
1834:.
1824:27
1822:.
1816:.
1785:.
1760:.
1719:.
1693:.
1679:^
1661:54
1659:.
1653:.
1626:^
1604:,
1598:,
1594:,
1570:.
1560:.
1552:.
1535:.
1525:.
1521:.
1504:.
1494:.
1490:.
1473:.
1463:.
1459:.
1442:.
1432:.
1428:.
1411:.
1401:.
1397:.
1380:.
1367:.
1350:.
1337:.
1310:.
1280:.
1270:.
1266:.
1242:.
1232:.
1228:.
1208:.
1198:.
1194:.
1182:;
1166:.
1156:.
1152:.
1131:.
1121:.
1117:.
1109:;
1092:.
1082:.
1078:.
1066:;
1049:.
1039:.
1035:.
1027:;
1021:*
1011:.
999:19
992:.
975:.
971:.
963:;
959:;
941:.
937:.
927:;
911:.
901:.
893:.
881:;
865:.
855:.
851:.
763:.
724:.
713:.
693:,
689:,
614:.
599:,
517:.
460:uË
103:MS
101:,
99:BA
6357:e
6350:t
6343:v
2600:e
2593:t
2586:v
2405:e
2398:t
2391:v
2299:)
2285:.
2273::
2248:)
2234:.
2214::
2191:)
2177:.
2173::
2150:)
2136:.
2124::
2101:.
2070:.
2010:.
1982::
1902:.
1896::
1888::
1838::
1830::
1795:.
1771:.
1746:.
1729:.
1705:.
1673:.
1667::
1578:.
1556:/
1543:.
1512:.
1481:.
1450:.
1419:.
1388:.
1358:.
1318:.
1288:.
1250:.
1216:.
1174:.
1139:.
1100:.
1057:.
1019:.
1005::
983:.
979::
951:.
919:.
897:/
873:.
469:/
466:i
463:k
457:t
454:Ë
451:/
447:(
115:)
111:(
105:)
97:(
55:)
51:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
