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with the assistance of all-black recruiting squads, and despite the legislature's strident objection to the continued presence of black troops in the state — he sustained martial law in the state in order to override the state's civil courts and governments because of their obvious unwillingness to assume "their clear and positive duty to protect the people from forcible wrongs, whether inflicted under the forms of law or otherwise." He legitimated slave marriages to protect the wives and children of enlisted men (in part a response to the Camp Nelson embarrassment), established refugee camps, fended off efforts by various municipal governments to expel fugitive slaves and free blacks alike and deny them the opportunity to find employment, released slaves from jails and workhouses, ordered that no bondman should be forced into service as substitutes, and issued tens of thousands of travel passes enabling
African Americans to move freely within and without the state in search of employment. Called by African Americans "free passes" (and by white Kentuckians "Palmer passes") they were both agent and symbol of the delayed yet inevitable death of slavery in the state. At an African American Fourth of July celebration at Louisville's camp—one that followed a parade through the city streets, including some fifteen hundred armed black and white soldiers and band—Palmer, arriving in a gilded circus chariot, told an estimated twenty thousand attendees, most of whom he had already been assured believed the general was there to declare them free (and who he claimed later he set out to inform otherwise), "My countrymen, you are free, and while I command in this department the military forces of the United States will defend your right to freedom." That one of its circuit courts was soon to strike down Congress's act of March 3, 1865, liberating black soldiers' dependents — some 72,045 individuals, or by one USCT officer's estimate, "wo and one half persons freed, for each Colored Soldier enlisted in the State of Kentucky" and two-thirds of the state's slaves—only fueled the general's intent to cure the state's white residents of "Negrophobia in its worst form." "Slavery is dead in Kentucky," he said to his wife in October 1865, "and my Mission is accomplished." He was soon met with an indictment by Louisville's grand jury for aiding fugitive slaves and a wave of lawsuits from dispossessed Kentucky slaveholders.
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in the field had threatened him about summary punishment for captured partisans—"if you treat them as prisoners of war we will respect the same towards your soldiers if not we never can." Palmer ordered that guerrillas would not be allowed to surrender. "o commission, real or forged, shall save ," he ordered, "all will be driven out or punished accordingly ... such men be exterminated." Palmer, one of the organizers of the
Republican Party in Illinois, was an avowed abolitionist who had received his assignment from his friend the president specifically to implement military policies to end slavery in the state. (When Lincoln offered the assignment in Kentucky to Palmer, then without a command, the general claimed the president directed him firmly: "Go to Kentucky, keep your temper, do as you please, and I will sustain you.") Palmer in fact needed little convincing, believing "that all that was left of slavery was its mischiefs" and, as he related, he was "determined to 'drive the last nail in the coffin' of the 'institution' even if it cost me the command of the department." (Indeed, to his wife he opined in 1865 that "if had been asked five or ten years ago what honor I would ask as the highest which could be confered upon me I would have said let me destroy slavery in Kentucky.") On March 20, at one of Louisville's Methodist churches, he announced as much.
892:, which they believed had been betrayed by Bryan. In its first official statement, the executive committee of the party declared, the Democrats had believed "in the ability of every individual, unassisted, if unfettered by law, to achieve his own happiness" and had upheld his "right and opportunity peaceably to pursue whatever course of conduct he would, provided such conduct deprived no other individual of the equal enjoyment of the same right and opportunity. stood for freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, freedom of trade, and freedom of contract, all of which are implied by the century-old battle-cry of the Democratic party, 'Individual Liberty'" The party criticized both the inflationist policies of the Democrats and the protectionism of the Republicans.
731:, subsequently issued a proclamation on October 11 that left Sheridan in charge of maintaining order there. Palmer, who did not learn of this action until October 17, reacted negatively to Mason's decision. Believing that states should "re-assume their rightful powers" after the Civil War, Palmer argued that Mason could not request federal intervention without the Governor's consent and held that state troops had handled the situation well. As such, he told Mason to inform Sheridan that federal troop presence was no longer necessary, but the Mayor responded by saying he would not dismiss the proclamation until October 23.
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793:, Collins' political ally and personal friend, the vice presidential candidate. It was argued by Collins that Palmer, being a Western senator of Kentucky stock, would be acceptable to the Southern Democrats. The objection as to Palmer's age would be met by pointing out that Russell, the youngest of governors, would become president in the event of his death. Russell's nomination would command the support of New England Democrats.
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Kentucky's military governor, Palmer established such control by two methods: waging a hard war against guerrillas and achieving the end of slavery in a state not bound by the Emancipation Proclamation. As late as May 1865, Palmer made clear his position on hard war after Kentucky irregulars still
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In 1892, Palmer was seriously considered as a candidate for the presidency. At first, Palmer was taken up as a "refuge" candidate. Some
Chicago Democrats, who were not prepared to accept Cleveland, Hill, or Gorman, were to support Palmer until they could go to the winner. This in itself was a point
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and ordered to cross North Utoy Creek. He questioned his orders, as he outranked
Schofield as a Major General. A delay ensued while Sherman researched the question of rank and he ruled in favor of the 33-year-old, Schofield, commander of the Army of Ohio. After the main assault by the XIV and XXIII
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In the next few months, with an assiduousness that belied the initial impression he gave the legislature that he intended to placate the state's loyal white populace, Palmer carried out
Lincoln's directive. Not only did he actively enlist all able-bodied black men at an unprecedented rate — often
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In 1897, Palmer, alongside former
Republican State Senator John J. Brenholt, lent his legal services to Scott Bibb, Harry B. Coats, and Lee Jackson, who sought to challenge the legality of school segregation in Alton, Illinois. Although he died before the case's conclusion, Palmer was optimistic
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Before the 1892 Democratic
National Convention, Cook County Democrats held a convention and endorsed Senator Palmer for president. In the end, Palmer stood faithful to former president Grover Cleveland and worked to have him nominated. Even though he supported Cleveland, many Illinois Democrats
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Palmer's campaign platform was popular and he could have been a major factor in the election had he been younger, but few voters were willing to support a 79-year-old candidate. Although he could have made up for this with a youthful running mate, he instead chose 73-year-old
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assumed command of the Corps. This is the only example of a resignation in the middle of an operation during the history of the United States. He returned home and awaited orders from the War
Department. In early 1865, he was reassigned to command all Federal forces in
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Once federal troops left
Chicago, a local relief agency requested that Sheridan station four more companies in the City. Then-Commanding General of the Army William T. Sherman obliged, and Palmer appealed the decision to then-President
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about its chances for success, with the plaintiffs reaching a favorable verdict in 1908. However, the refusal from Alton officials to implement the Court's orders prevented the plaintiff's ultimate success.
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Mrs. Palmer Weber, the daughter of Senator Palmer, spent considerable time in Washington City during her father's senatorial term, where her beauty, grace and geniality made her very popular.
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He was succeeded in turn by Oglesby in 1873. In the presidential election of 1872, Governor Palmer received three electoral votes for vice president by electors who had voted for the
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in that state. Palmer married Malinda Ann Neely in 1842 and had ten children with her. His early careers included being a lawyer, school teacher, coopering, and selling clocks.
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The historian, Frank Varney writes of an anti-Roman Catholic bias of Palmer's leading to a disdain for Rosecrans, but it is unclear what his exact sources for this are.
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Corps in which one of his Soldiers, PVT Samual Grimshaw received the Medal of Honor, Palmer resigned in protest on the evening of August 6, 1864 and Brigadier General
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still supported him for president. Palmer was such a serious candidate that he had to go to the Democratic Convention in Chicago to discourage his own nomination.
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General Grant and the Rewriting of History: How the Destruction of General William S. Rosecrans Influenced Our Understanding of the Civil War
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Following the conclusion of his Senate term, Palmer returned to Springfield, Illinois, resuming his law practice and writing his memoirs,
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Palmer and the other founders were disenchanted Democrats who viewed the party as a means to preserve the small-government ideals of
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in the volunteer service. He enlisted in 1861 and was commissioned Colonel of the 14th Illinois Infantry, serving under his friend
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John M. Palmer Elementary School, located at 5051 North Kenneth Avenue on the northwest side of Chicago was named in his honor.
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The party arose out of a split in the Democratic Party due to the economic depression that occurred under Democratic president
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Palmer was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1848. Between 1852 and 1855, he was a Democratic member of the
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that founded the party in his home state. In 1859 he was the Republican candidate in a special election to a vacancy in the
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But, under exceptional circumstances, he did run for president in 1896, rather than seeking reelection to the Senate.
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Palmer made a deal to make Russell his running mate in the event he received the Democratic presidential nomination.
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Beito, David T., and Linda Royster Beito. "Gold Democrats and the decline of classical liberalism, 1896–1900."
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in the latter campaign. Taken ill in the field, he returned home to recuperate and raised a new regiment, the
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1432:, Second Edition, by Robert H. Howard, revised and updated by Peggy Boyer Long and Mike Lawrence in 1998.
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353:(September 13, 1817 – September 25, 1900) was an American politician. He was an
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections
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1119:(1st ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 223–225, 229–235, 283.
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as a candidate of the Republican Party. He succeeded fellow Republican, General
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1177:"SENATOR PALMER'S SCHEME.; HOW F.A. COLLINS WAS TO AID IN SECURING A NOMINATION"
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Counties of Christian and Trigg, Kentucky : historical and biographical
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The Personal Recollections of John M. Palmer: The Story of an Earnest Life
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1080:"Chapter 7- The State Library & Growth of Illinois Public Libraries"
1033:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 645.
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Palmer switched political parties throughout his life, starting out a
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and supported the adoption of the 1870 Illinois State Constitution.
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nominated for the presidency at the national convention in Chicago.
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In 1866, he resigned from the army and two years later was elected
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A Conscientious Turncoat: The Story Of John M. Palmer 1817-1900
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in Washington. It failed when no compromise could be reached.
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in 1860, and was one of the leading people who got his friend
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visited Chicago. Without informing Palmer, the City's Mayor,
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In 1861, he was appointed by Lincoln to be a delegate to the
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He presided over the 1856 Illinois Republican Convention in
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Historical right-wing third-party U.S. presidential tickets
608:. Taking the field again in September, he was assigned by
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Candidates in the 1896 United States presidential election
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gained by Palmer and he proceeded to utilize it at once.
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1050:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. pp. 152, 201.
904:. Palmer and Buckner received just over 1% of the vote.
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assumed command of the XIV Corps. Later Major General
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National Democratic Party (United States) politicians
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Democratic Party United States senators from Illinois
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campaign, he was a key figure in the "last stand" of
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In early February 1892, Palmer had a conference with
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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Amid the unrest brought on by the disaster, General
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647:(November 23–November 25, 1863), and served under
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3554:Liberal Republican Party United States senators
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816:Palmer was the presidential candidate for the
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1084:The Office of the Illinois Secretary of State
881:as a political movement in the 19th century.
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3574:People of Illinois in the American Civil War
2646:History of conservatism in the United States
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468:. He later became a Republican presidential
105:January 11, 1869 – January 13, 1873
1674:List of commandants of the Illinois Country
1442:. F.A. Battey Publishing Company. pp.
964:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
525:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1337:Independent Review 4 (Spring 2000), 555–75
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812:The National "Gold" Democratic Convention
756:In the 1891 United States Senate election
545:Learn how and when to remove this message
1347:Meier, August; Rudwick, Elliott (1967).
1333:David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito,
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1982:United States senators from Illinois
1601:U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Illinois
1319:The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents
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635:in September 1863. He commanded the
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375:, and presidential candidate of the
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762:as a Democrat and served one term.
592:Palmer took part in the capture of
434:, Palmer's family in 1831 moved to
227:(before 1848, 1852–1856, 1872–1896)
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3569:People from Scott County, Kentucky
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1299:. September 30, 1896. p. 4
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655:. Palmer's corps was a part of
16:American politician (1817–1900)
1536:President of the United States
1436:Perrin, William Henry (1884).
1404:"John M. Palmer (id: P000042)"
1353:The Journal of Negro Education
1273:. September 4, 1896. p. 1
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769:1892 presidential possibility
914:The Story of an Earnest Life
746:vice presidential candidate
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383:on a platform to defend the
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873:argues that in waging this
804:Defending the gold standard
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2474:American Independent Party
2366:Constitutional Union Party
1244:. June 20, 1892. p. 1
1215:. March 5, 1892. p. 1
1133:The Washington Sketch Book
826:Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr.
744:Liberal Republican Party's
565:, rising from the rank of
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3549:Illinois state senators
2351:Andrew Jackson Donelson
1665:Colonial administrators
1115:Palmer, George (1941).
1030:Encyclopædia Britannica
614:Army of the Mississippi
606:122nd Illinois Infantry
561:, Palmer served in the
460:caused by the death of
430:Born at Eagle Creek in
398:. He became in turn an
3509:American abolitionists
2695:(ordered by seniority)
1418:The Independent Review
870:The Independent Review
855:William Jennings Bryan
813:
778:
698:
641:Army of the Cumberland
626:Battle of Stones River
432:Scott County, Kentucky
3534:Illinois Free Soilers
3524:Governors of Illinois
2405:Simon Bolivar Buckner
2331:national popular vote
1694:Territorial governors
1657:Governors of Illinois
933:Carlinville, Illinois
929:Springfield, Illinois
908:Post-Presidential Run
898:Simon Bolivar Buckner
811:
776:
707:Richard James Oglesby
696:
633:Battle of Chickamauga
579:Springfield, Missouri
426:Early life and career
302:Years of service
45:United States Senator
3544:Illinois Republicans
2325:Presidential tickets
1567:Governor of Illinois
1506:Governor of Illinois
1473:Governor of Illinois
1420:4.4 (2000): 555–575.
1317:William DeGregorio,
1130:Hinman, Ida (1895).
1025:Palmer, John McAuley
879:classical liberalism
703:Governor of Illinois
645:Chattanooga Campaign
610:William S. Rosecrans
577:in an expedition to
519:improve this section
373:governor of Illinois
93:Governor of Illinois
3589:Union Army generals
1532:National Democratic
1526:New political party
1495:Carter Harrison Sr.
711:Fifteenth Amendment
697:John McAuley Palmer
649:George Henry Thomas
408:Kansas-Nebraska Act
364:who fought for the
351:John McAuley Palmer
245:National Democratic
174:John McAuley Palmer
3529:Illinois Democrats
2612:Unpledged electors
2595:right-wing parties
2500:Thomas J. Anderson
2459:Fielding L. Wright
2329:one percent of the
1815:Oglesby (3rd time)
1795:Oglesby (2nd time)
1785:Oglesby (1st time)
1607:Served alongside:
1594:Charles B. Farwell
1577:Richard J. Oglesby
1560:Richard J. Oglesby
1552:Political offices
1518:John Peter Altgeld
1485:Richard J. Oglesby
1462:Richard J. Oglesby
1375:– via JSTOR.
851:John Peter Altgeld
814:
787:Patrick A. Collins
779:
699:
670:Jefferson C. Davis
657:William T. Sherman
559:American Civil War
466:John A. McClernand
416:Liberal Republican
359:American Civil War
339:American Civil War
292:United States Army
240:Liberal Republican
202:September 25, 1900
184:September 13, 1817
137:Richard J. Oglesby
126:Richard J. Oglesby
73:Charles B. Farwell
3594:Bourbon Democrats
3481:
3480:
3476:
3475:
2654:
2653:
2588:
2587:
2526:/Eileen Shearer (
2432:Thomas C. O'Brien
2327:that won at least
2284:
2283:
1948:
1947:
1624:
1623:
1615:Succeeded by
1605:1891–1897
1574:Succeeded by
1515:Succeeded by
1482:Succeeded by
1057:978-1-61121-118-4
923:Palmer died of a
718:1871 Chicago Fire
689:Postbellum career
661:John M. Schofield
583:brigadier general
555:
554:
547:
355:Illinois resident
348:
347:
256:Shurtleff College
3601:
3539:Illinois lawyers
3462:
3451:
3440:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3214:
3203:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3138:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3048:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2965:
2954:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2734:
2723:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2577:/Cyril Minnett (
2347:Millard Fillmore
2335:
2334:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2118:
2117:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1687:
1686:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1618:William E. Mason
1591:Preceded by
1557:Preceded by
1546:Party dissolved
1492:Preceded by
1459:Preceded by
1451:
1450:
1447:
1413:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1210:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1004:
983:
980:
958:
953:
952:
951:
890:Grover Cleveland
886:Thomas Jefferson
847:Grover Cleveland
653:Atlanta Campaign
550:
543:
539:
536:
530:
499:
491:
481:peace convention
462:Thomas L. Harris
420:Bourbon Democrat
406:opponent of the
317:
262:Military service
207:
205:
183:
181:
165:Personal details
154:
134:
122:
103:
85:William E. Mason
81:
69:
60:
35:
21:
20:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3449:
3438:
3427:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3219:
3212:
3201:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2970:
2963:
2952:
2933:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2739:
2732:
2721:
2697:
2694:
2685:
2655:
2650:
2632:
2594:
2584:
2551:Maureen Salaman
2533:
2496:John G. Schmitz
2468:
2441:
2414:
2387:
2360:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2285:
2280:
2119:
2110:
1984:
1979:
1949:
1944:
1706:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1659:
1654:
1620:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1579:
1570:
1562:
1539:
1520:
1509:
1497:
1487:
1476:
1464:
1396:
1394:Further reading
1391:
1384:
1380:
1365:10.2307/2294256
1345:
1341:
1332:
1325:
1321:, Gramercy 1997
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1113:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1042:
1038:
1023:, ed. (1911). "
1008:
1006:
1005:
996:
992:
987:
986:
981:
977:
972:
954:
949:
947:
944:
910:
860:Palmer opposed
806:
791:William Russell
771:
725:Philip Sheridan
691:
600:, commanding a
575:John C. Fremont
551:
540:
534:
531:
516:
500:
489:
474:Abraham Lincoln
447:Illinois Senate
436:Alton, Illinois
428:
294:
283:
243:
238:
233:
228:
221:Political party
208:
203:
201:
185:
179:
177:
176:
175:
155:
150:
144:Illinois Senate
132:
120:
104:
99:
79:
67:
61:
56:
47:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3458:
3447:
3436:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3098:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2749:
2742:
2740:
2714:
2712:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2628:Populist Party
2625:
2623:American Party
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:Texas Regulars
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2558:
2543:
2541:
2539:Populist Party
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2521:
2507:
2493:
2482:George Wallace
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2455:Strom Thurmond
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2401:John M. Palmer
2397:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2378:Edward Everett
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2343:
2341:
2339:American Party
2332:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1359:(4): 394–402.
1339:
1323:
1310:
1297:New York Times
1284:
1271:New York Times
1255:
1242:New York Times
1226:
1213:New York Times
1197:
1184:New York Times
1168:
1155:New York Times
1139:
1122:
1096:
1078:White, Jesse.
1070:
1056:
1036:
1021:Chisholm, Hugh
993:
991:
988:
985:
984:
974:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
960:
959:
943:
940:
909:
906:
839:New York Times
805:
802:
770:
767:
752:Horace Greeley
748:B. Gratz Brown
690:
687:
553:
552:
535:September 2024
503:
501:
494:
488:
485:
427:
424:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
321:
311:
307:
306:
303:
299:
298:
289:
288:Branch/service
285:
284:
282:
281:
280:
279:
273:United States
270:
268:
264:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
222:
218:
217:
206:(aged 83)
199:
195:
194:
173:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
158:
157:
147:
146:
142:Member of the
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
114:John Dougherty
111:
107:
106:
96:
95:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
53:
52:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3606:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2593:Other notable
2591:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:Lester Maddox
2508:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2428:William Lemke
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Moseley Braun
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Stevenson III
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
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1016:public domain
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729:Roswell Mason
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571:major general
568:
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504:This section
502:
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458:36th Congress
455:
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402:Democrat (an
401:
400:anti-Nebraska
397:
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386:
385:gold standard
382:
381:1896 election
378:
374:
371:
367:
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360:
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319:Major General
316:
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19:
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3223:
3208:
3195:
3187:
2987:T. Henderson
2974:
2959:
2946:
2938:
2756:T. Henderson
2743:
2728:
2715:
2707:
2565:Floyd Parker
2547:Bob Richards
2514:William Dyke
2486:Curtis LeMay
1672:
1608:
1599:
1565:
1545:
1534:nominee for
1530:
1525:
1504:nominee for
1500:
1471:nominee for
1467:
1438:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1407:
1381:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1318:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1296:
1293:"The Choice"
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1270:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1212:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1183:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1154:
1142:
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1125:
1116:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
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1061:. Retrieved
1046:
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1028:
978:
937:
925:heart attack
922:
918:
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894:
883:
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859:
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715:
700:
683:
679:
630:
591:
556:
541:
532:
517:Please help
505:
478:
451:
444:
429:
404:anti-slavery
393:
350:
349:
335:Battles/wars
204:(1900-09-25)
151:
133:Succeeded by
100:
80:Succeeded by
57:
18:
3499:1900 deaths
3494:1817 births
3310:J. Connolly
3167:J. McDonald
3149:J. Goldzier
3095:A. Durborow
3086:J. Williams
2996:W. Springer
2900:W. Newberry
2882:A. Durborow
2855:J. Williams
2765:W. Springer
2524:John Rarick
1925:Blagojevich
1585:U.S. Senate
1303:October 24,
866:libertarian
862:free silver
830:Confederate
828:, a former
760:U.S. Senate
643:during the
569:to that of
557:During the
454:Bloomington
247:(1896–1900)
242:(1870–1872)
237:(1856–1870)
232:(1848–1852)
210:Springfield
187:Eagle Creek
121:Preceded by
68:Preceded by
25:John Palmer
3488:Categories
3465:J. Rinaker
3454:H. Belknap
3422:C. Woodman
3357:W. Lorimer
3329:F. Downing
3301:O. Burrell
3292:J. Aldrich
3254:A. Hopkins
3176:H. Wheeler
3113:J. Aldrich
3059:G. Fithian
3023:A. Hopkins
2927:L. Steward
2819:G. Fithian
2783:A. Hopkins
2561:David Duke
2256:Fitzgerald
2091:P. Douglas
2036:Richardson
2026:S. Douglas
1571:1869–1873
1502:Democratic
1469:Republican
990:References
594:New Madrid
563:Union army
412:Republican
389:free trade
296:Union Army
267:Allegiance
235:Republican
225:Democratic
180:1817-09-13
110:Lieutenant
3468: (R)
3457: (R)
3446: (R)
3443:G. Prince
3435: (R)
3432:W. Hadley
3424: (R)
3415: (R)
3406: (R)
3397: (R)
3395:V. Warner
3388: (R)
3385:F. Remann
3377: (R)
3375:W. Reeves
3368: (R)
3366:E. Murphy
3359: (R)
3350: (R)
3341: (R)
3332: (D)
3321: (R)
3312: (R)
3303: (R)
3294: (R)
3285: (D)
3282:L. McGann
3274: (R)
3265: (R)
3256: (R)
3247: (R)
3238: (R)
3236:J. Cannon
3216:J. Palmer
3207:(R)
3205:S. Cullom
3178: (R)
3169: (D)
3160: (D)
3158:A. Hunter
3151: (D)
3142: (R)
3133: (R)
3131:R. Childs
3124: (D)
3115: (R)
3106: (D)
3104:L. McGann
3097: (D)
3088: (D)
3079: (R)
3070: (D)
3068:W. Forman
3061: (D)
3052: (R)
3043: (R)
3034: (D)
3025: (R)
3016: (R)
3007: (R)
3005:J. Cannon
2998: (D)
2989: (R)
2967:J. Palmer
2958:(R)
2956:S. Cullom
2929: (D)
2920: (D)
2911: (D)
2902: (D)
2893: (D)
2891:L. McGann
2884: (D)
2875: (D)
2866: (D)
2857: (D)
2848: (R)
2846:A. Taylor
2839: (R)
2830: (D)
2828:W. Forman
2821: (D)
2812: (D)
2803: (R)
2794: (D)
2785: (R)
2776: (R)
2767: (D)
2758: (R)
2736:J. Palmer
2727:(R)
2725:S. Cullom
2374:John Bell
2276:Duckworth
2221:Dieterich
2066:McCormick
2016:McRoberts
1880:Stevenson
1835:Yates Jr.
1800:Beveridge
1780:Yates Sr.
1712:Governors
1089:March 20,
637:XIV Corps
622:Tennessee
587:John Pope
506:does not
487:Civil War
329:XIV Corps
305:1861–1866
252:Education
230:Free Soil
156:1852–1855
152:In office
101:In office
58:In office
3404:G. White
3348:J. Graff
3319:E. Cooke
3272:G. Smith
3263:B. Marsh
3122:J. Black
3077:G. Smith
3050:B. Marsh
2909:O. Scott
2873:B. Cable
2864:S. Busey
2837:G. Smith
2688:Illinois
2614:movement
2575:Bo Gritz
2211:McKinley
2166:Trumbull
2081:Slattery
2031:Browning
2011:Robinson
1940:Pritzker
1910:Thompson
1885:Stratton
1860:Emmerson
1810:Hamilton
1765:Matteson
1735:Reynolds
1277:June 25,
1248:June 23,
1219:June 25,
1190:June 25,
1161:June 25,
1063:July 27,
942:See also
875:quixotic
834:Kentucky
675:Kentucky
602:division
396:Democrat
325:Commands
214:Illinois
191:Kentucky
50:Illinois
3413:B. Wood
3339:G. Foss
3245:R. Hitt
3140:B. Funk
3041:P. Post
3032:E. Lane
3014:R. Hitt
2918:H. Snow
2810:S. Wike
2801:P. Post
2792:E. Lane
2774:R. Hitt
2231:Dirksen
2206:Sherman
2201:Lorimer
2196:Hopkins
2181:Farwell
2171:Oglesby
2161:Shields
2131:Edwards
2124:Class 3
1989:Class 2
1900:Ogilvie
1895:Shapiro
1825:Altgeld
1770:Bissell
1730:Edwards
1702:Edwards
1373:2294256
1018::
820:in the
666:Johnson
651:in the
639:of the
618:Alabama
567:colonel
527:removed
512:sources
470:elector
379:in the
362:general
3209:·
3197:Senate
2960:·
2948:Senate
2729:·
2717:Senate
2266:Burris
2186:Palmer
2156:Breese
2136:McLean
2106:Durbin
2086:Brooks
2071:Deneen
2056:Cullom
2021:Semple
2001:McLean
1996:Thomas
1935:Rauner
1905:Walker
1890:Kerner
1870:Stelle
1865:Horner
1850:Lowden
1840:Deneen
1830:Tanner
1805:Cullom
1790:Palmer
1760:French
1750:Carlin
1745:Duncan
1371:
1054:
1012:
368:, the
216:, U.S.
193:, U.S.
3225:House
3211:
2976:House
2962:
2745:House
2731:
2420:Union
2261:Obama
2246:Dixon
2236:Smith
2226:Lucas
2216:Glenn
2191:Mason
2176:Logan
2151:Young
2146:Ewing
2101:Simon
2096:Percy
2076:Lewis
2061:Lewis
2051:Davis
2046:Logan
2041:Yates
2006:Baker
1930:Quinn
1915:Edgar
1875:Green
1855:Small
1845:Dunne
1820:Fifer
1740:Ewing
1725:Coles
1446:–115.
1369:JSTOR
1267:(PDF)
1238:(PDF)
1209:(PDF)
1180:(PDF)
1151:(PDF)
970:Notes
410:), a
366:Union
357:, an
277:Union
91:15th
48:from
3189:54th
2940:53rd
2709:52nd
2579:1992
2569:1988
2555:1984
2528:1980
2518:1976
2504:1972
2490:1968
2463:1948
2436:1936
2409:1896
2382:1860
2355:1856
2271:Kirk
2141:Kane
1920:Ryan
1775:Wood
1755:Ford
1720:Bond
1541:1896
1511:1888
1478:1868
1305:2008
1279:2009
1250:2009
1221:2009
1192:2009
1163:2009
1091:2024
1065:2023
1052:ISBN
888:and
620:and
596:and
510:any
508:cite
414:, a
370:15th
310:Rank
198:Died
170:Born
3218:(D)
2969:(D)
2738:(D)
1444:114
1361:doi
1027:".
927:in
616:in
521:by
440:bar
3490::
1406:.
1367:.
1357:36
1355:.
1351:.
1326:^
1295:.
1269:.
1240:.
1211:.
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1153:.
1099:^
1082:.
997:^
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842:.
754:.
589:.
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212:,
189:,
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2303:t
2296:v
1974:e
1967:t
1960:v
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1307:.
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548:)
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182:)
178:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
