1261:. The exact meaning of this title is not clear since no other source that is not obviously derived from the NPS web page notes appointment of Barnard or anyone else to a position with this title or a similar title in peacetime. Cullum, 1891, Abbot, 1902 and Warner, 1959 give details of Barnard's post-war assignments, including appointments to numerous Boards and Commissions within the Corps of Engineers, without using this title. Cullum, 1891, p. 532 gives Barnard's positions immediately after the war as follows: "as Member of the Board of Engineers, June 20, 1865, to May 18, 1867, to carry out in detail the modifications of the defenses in the vicinity of New York, as proposed by the Board of Jan. 27, 1864; as Senior Engineer of the defenses of New York harbor, and in charge of the construction of the Fortifications on
289:
103:
163:
172:
838:
126:
154:
1205:, Barnard's aide-de-camp in the Peninsula campaign and himself a brevet brigadier general, USA, brevet major general, USV, and colonel in the Army Corps of Engineers upon his retirement in 1895, suggested in a 1902 paper that Barnard's sense of justice probably made him feel that he should not take a promotion over an officer superior in rank at the time. Abbot, 1902, p. 9 (227); for Abbot information see Abbot, 1902, p. 10 (228); Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R.,
514:
unseen from the forts, swept by a battery for field-guns, and the whole connected by rifle-trenches which were in fact lines of infantry parapet, furnishing emplacement for two ranks of men and affording covered communication along the line, while roads were opened wherever necessary, so that troops and artillery could be moved rapidly from one point of the immense periphery to another, or under cover, from point to point along the line.
639:) to rank from March 13, 1865, for "Gallant and Meritorious Service in the Campaign terminating with the Surrender of the Insurgent Army under Gen. R. E. Lee." On July 17, 1866, President Johnson nominated and on July 23, 1866, the U.S. Senate confirmed the award to Barnard of the honorary grade of brevet major general, USA, to rank from March 13, 1865 "for Gallant and Meritorious Services in the Field during the Rebellion."
1483:
33:
502:, on July 23, 1861. On August 15, 1861, McClellan was appointed to the command of the Army and Department of the Potomac, and Barnard became chief engineer of the Military District of Washington. As McClellan formulated his thoughts for fortifications around Washington, D.C., Barnard planned, designed and oversaw their construction.
654:
Soon after the close of the war, Barnard was made president of the permanent Board of
Engineers for Fortifications and River and Harbor Improvements, a position which he held until his retirement from active service, in January, 1881. Barnard successfully recast the approach to coastal defenses which
1200:
instead. Delafield had been working on New York Harbor defenses. He was promoted to Chief of the Corps of
Engineers with the rank of brigadier general to rank from April 22, 1864, on May 19, 1864. Warner, 1964, p. 118. Delafield was a Regular Army colonel and as such was senior to Barnard who was a
352:
in New York City. Both John and
Frederick, as well as most members of their family, suffered from a hereditary form of deafness which intensified in later years. In early life, when stationed in New Orleans, Barnard married Jane Elizabeth Brand, of Maryland, with whom he had four children. In 1860,
513:
From a few isolated works covering bridges or commanding a few especially important points, was developed a connected system of fortification by which every prominent point, at intervals of 800 to 1,000 yards, was occupied by an inclosed field-fort every important approach or depression of ground,
533:, to rank from September 23, 1861. Lincoln formally nominated Barnard as brigadier general on December 21, 1861, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the promotion on March 24, 1862. Barnard was engineer for the Army of the Potomac between August 20, 1861, and August 16, 1862. He participated in the
971:, retrieved October 12, 2010. This paper was included in a book of biographical sketches published by the National Academy of Sciences as the page number in parentheses indicates. The exact title of the book is not given in the web download which only contains the Abbot paper of 11 pages.
438:, ensuring that city's safety as a vital supply line for American forces advancing on Mexico City. He also worked on the survey of Mexican–American War battlefields. and as chief engineer for the Exploration and Survey of the projected Tehuantepec Railroad in Mexico, in 1850–1851.
387:, from 1833 to 1834. Totten was the foremost American military engineer of his day and served as Chief Engineer of the Army for much of Barnard's career. There the two formed a close friendship as evidenced by Barnard's extensive eulogy of Totten which was published in 1866.
565:. After the conclusion of his work in that campaign, he again was engaged in working on the defenses of Washington as chief engineer of the Department of Washington until May 1864. He had certain additional special assignments such as devising the defenses of
579:
Barnard was
Engineer XXII Corps, Department of Washington, between February 2, 1863, and May 25, 1864. Between May 25, 1864, and June 5, 1864, he was chief engineer for the Army of the Potomac. He was on the staff of General
576:, on April 22, 1864, President Lincoln nominated Barnard to be the next Chief of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at the grade of brigadier general, U.S. Army, but Barnard immediately asked that the nomination be withdrawn.
1321:, who was General Delafield's successor as Chief of the Corps of Engineers, and Colonel and Brevet Major General Abbot. Abbot, 1902, p. 7 (225); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers web site, Commanders of the Corps of Engineers,
1057:
The isthmus of
Tehuantepec : being the results of a survey for a railroad to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, made by the scientific commission under the direction of Major J.G. Barnard, U.S.
1567:
2050:
467:, bearing in mind Barnard's success at defending his Tampico-based supply lines during the Mexican–American War, assigned then Major Barnard to the Department of Washington. This was the
2080:
921:
Cullum, George W., George W. Cullum's
Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, Vol. I, 1891, p. 533, as retrieved October 12, 2010, from the web site
328:
from 1861 to 1864, and as Chief
Engineer of the armies in the field from 1864 to 1865. He also was a distinguished scientist, engineer, mathematician, historian and author.
1560:
588:
between June 5, 1864, and July 4, 1864. On July 4, 1864, President
Lincoln nominated and the U. S. Senate confirmed the award to General Barnard of the honorary rank of
678:
was brought into close association with a group of young army officers who became his friends and later his authors and editorial consultants. Numbered among them were
2060:
445:. He then returned to work on coastal defenses, especially in the New York and New Jersey area. During a leave of absence, he studied construction projects in Europe.
856:
1553:
718:
1527:
2075:
1576:
189:
816:
On the
Internal Structure of the Earth considered as Affecting the Phenomena of Precession and Nutation, being the Third of the Problems of Rotary Motion.
1265:, August 3, 1865, to December 10, 1866; as Member of Board for the Examination of Officers of Engineers for Promotion, Nov. 28, 1865, and Dec. 28, 1866."
625:
General
Barnard served in the honor guard for President Lincoln's funeral in April 1865. He was mustered out of the U.S. Volunteers on January 15, 1866.
390:
Throughout his career, Barnard served on many garrison and fortification details, most notably participating in the construction of coastal defenses at
602:
Barnard was appointed chief engineer of the armies in the field with his appointment to General Grant's staff. He remained in this position during the
1387:
922:
2070:
1317:
Cullum, 1891, p. 531; Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 116. These officers included General Totten, Major General, USV and Brigadier General, USA,
2085:
1829:
851:
780:
Reports of the Engineer and Artillery Operations of the Army of the Potomac from its Organization to the Close of the Peninsular Campaign
499:
472:
2055:
725:
635:
nominated and on May 4, 1866, the U.S. Senate confirmed the award to Barnard of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, USA, (
1439:
1323:
441:
From May 31, 1855, through September 8, 1856, Barnard served as the Superintendent of the United States Military Academy, succeeding
1794:
655:
was required because of the obsolescence of wooden ships and muzzle loading guns. He also advocated the successful use of parallel
1253:
A biographical sketch on the National Park Service web site states that Colonel Barnard also was appointed "Chief Engineer of the
751:
Barnard authored several scientific and engineering treatises and Civil War history papers. Among the more notable of these were:
861:
1157:. Three days later, General Orders No. 1, Army of the Potomac, stated that Barnard was attached to the staff as chief engineer.
1026:
Warner, 1964, pp. 19–20 refers to fortifications on the Atlantic Coast, Pacific Coast, Delaware, breakwater and New York City.
1374:
369:
1493:
482:
When the Union Army moved into Northern Virginia on May 24, 1861, Barnard oversaw the erection of fortifications on the
461:
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1432:
1417:
1402:
1214:
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998:
909:
888:
526:
365:
341:
166:
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923:
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Army/USMA/Cullums_Register/708*.html
664:
629:
519:
479:, the department commander, a former engineer himself, attached Barnard to his headquarters as chief engineer.
357:
309:
592:
454:
178:
2065:
1605:
1590:
1254:
648:
636:
1302:
800:. (Jointly with General Wright and Colonel Michie.) (P. P. Corps of Engrs., No. 21, and supplement.) 1871.
509:, published after the Civil War, he commented on the complexity and ever-changing nature of the project:
1545:
810:
Problems of Rotary Motion presented by the Gyroscope, the Precession of the Equinoxes, and the Pendulum.
486:
hills. He also accompanied the Army to Manassas in July 1861 and was present at the Union defeat at the
364:, second in a class of forty-three cadets. As one of the top graduates of his class, he was posted as a
611:
419:
272:
111:
1504:
288:
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1318:
843:
615:
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245:
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740:
566:
538:
487:
431:
337:
305:
235:
225:
215:
195:
107:
52:
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on December 28, 1865, and continued his career in the Army Corps of Engineers until January 1881.
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691:
674:
in the USA was fostered by Barnard: It was largely through the influence of General Barnard that
619:
491:
423:
157:
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1258:
599:, to rank from July 4, 1864, for "Meritorious and Distinguished Services during the Rebellion."
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1857:
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1383: (archived October 15, 2012), Read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 17, 1902.
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1612:
1388:
George W. Cullum's Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy
361:
1327:
490:(Manassas). Between June 1861 and September 1861, Barnard also served on the U.S. Navy's
8:
1976:
1962:
1934:
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1154:
603:
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345:
321:
262:
200:
171:
2011:
1941:
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1202:
714:
679:
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317:
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he married Anna E. Hall of Harford County, Maryland, with whom he had three children.
2018:
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1116:
Sifakis, 1988, p.33; General Orders No. 11, Department Of Washington, April 28, 1861.
1100:
994:
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884:
660:
589:
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257:
175:
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Upon the death of the Chief of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Brigadier General
2004:
1997:
1969:
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703:
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376:
375:
Barnard's first assignment after being commissioned was as an assistant to Colonel
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153:
434:, he headed the construction of American defenses at the captured Mexican port of
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On August 17, all the troops in the vicinity of Washington became part of the
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728:, as were several other senior officers of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
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683:
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573:
442:
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391:
267:
125:
102:
56:
967:, p. 9 (227), Read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 17, 1902.
1878:
1196:
Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 116. The promotion went to 65-year-old Colonel
1187:
Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 116; Sifakis, 1988, p. 33; Cullum, 1891, p. 531
498:
assumed command of the Military Division of the Potomac, the troops around
1575:
687:
550:
407:
1745:
1306:
468:
380:
313:
134:
786:
Eulogy on the late Major-General Joseph G. Totten, late Chief Engineer
731:
General Barnard retired from the Army on January 2, 1881 and died in
818:
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. XXIII, 19 pages, 1877.
736:
395:
300:(May 19, 1815 – May 14, 1882) was a career engineer officer in the
77:
1174:
1172:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
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1068:
883:, pp. 19–20. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1964.
812:
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. XIX, 56 pages, 1872.
732:
667:
from February 20, 1870, until his retirement on January 2, 1881.
656:
435:
73:
32:
614:
and the final assault on Petersburg, until the surrender of the
1482:
1169:
1166:"A Report on the Defenses of Washington," Barnard, John G. 1871
1099:, p. 181. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1959.
1065:
475:, the capital of the United States. On April 28, 1861, Colonel
453:
Soon after the outbreak of the Civil War, U.S. Army commander
1259:
http://www.nps.gov/cwdw/historyculture/john-gross-barnard.htm
980:
Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 116, Cullum, 1891, pp. 530, 533
336:
John G. Barnard was born into a large and gifted family in
1209:, p. 1. Olde Soldier Books, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 1990.
2081:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
904:, p. 116. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2001.
1140:
1138:
857:
List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War
2051:
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
1463:. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1959.
1448:. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1964.
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
954:
Warner, 1964, p. 19 refers to his "inherited deafness."
719:
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
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and on the Pacific Coast at San Francisco. During the
356:
In 1833, at the age of 18, Barnard graduated from the
1578:
Superintendents of the United States Military Academy
1528:
Superintendents of the United States Military Academy
1244:
Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 706, Cullum, 1891, p. 532
1235:
Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 732, Cullum, 1891, p. 531
1226:
Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 710; Cullum, 1891, p. 531
1135:
1412:. Olde Soldier Books, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 1990.
1376:
Biographical Memoir of John Gross Barnard, 1815–1882
1352:
Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 116; Warner, 1964, p. 20
1119:
1004:
965:
Biographical Memoir of John Gross Barnard, 1815–1882
833:
324:, 1861 to 1862, Chief Engineer of the Department of
1348:
1346:
1029:
541:and later the offensive and defensive works on the
553:, he reconnoitered and selected positions for the
2061:People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
1397:. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2001.
2032:
1494:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1343:
756:Phenomena of the Gyroscope analytically examined
372:, embarking on a 48-year career in that branch.
1283:Warner, 1964, p. 20; Cullum, 1891, pp. 532–533
969:http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/jbarnard.pdf
1561:
933:Warner, 1964, p. 19 for birth date and place.
2076:Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
852:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
1568:
1554:
798:Fabrication of Iron for Defensive Purposes
726:United States National Academy of Sciences
31:
794:. (P. P. Corps of Engrs., No. 20.) 1871.
344:was a longtime educator and president of
1053:
806:. (P. P. Corps of Engrs., No. 22.) 1872.
804:Report on the North Sea Canal of Holland
331:
16:US Army general and polymath (1815–1882)
1438:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers web site,
862:Massachusetts in the American Civil War
774:The C. S. A. and the Battle of Bull Run
647:Barnard was promoted to colonel in the
2033:
1324:"Commanders of the Corps of Engineers"
1061:. New York: D. Appleton & Company.
993:p. 33. Facts On File, New York, 1988.
900:Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J.,
739:, on May 14, 1882. He is interred in
713:Barnard was an original member of the
507:A Report on the Defenses of Washington
2071:United States Military Academy alumni
1549:
1393:Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J.
782:. (Jointly with General Barry.) 1863.
762:Dangers and Defences of New York City
370:United States Army Corps of Engineers
320:. He served as Chief Engineer of the
190:Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy
2086:People from Sheffield, Massachusetts
1440:Commanders of the Corps of Engineers
792:Report on the Defences of Washington
642:
663:. He was a prominent member of the
13:
1408:Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R.
825:on scientific subjects. 1874–1877.
710:and many others known to history.
525:appointed Barnard to the grade of
14:
2097:
2056:Members of the Aztec Club of 1847
1475:
1427:. Facts On File, New York, 1988.
1410:Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue
1207:Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue
1201:Regular Army lieutenant colonel.
539:siege works at Yorktown, Virginia
342:Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard
204:Chief Engineer, U.S. Field Armies
1481:
1217:; Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 97
836:
724:Barnard was a co-founder of the
287:
170:
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152:
124:
101:
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1311:
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1181:
1178:Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 718
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1147:
1110:
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1086:Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. 116
1047:
1020:
308:, as the superintendent of the
1505:General J. G. Barnard obituary
983:
974:
957:
948:
936:
927:
915:
894:
873:
665:United States Lighthouse Board
358:United States Military Academy
310:United States Military Academy
1:
1367:
1340:. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
1425:Who Was Who in the Civil War
1303:A Century of Book Publishing
1301:Edward Mathews Crane (1948)
991:Who Was Who in the Civil War
659:to improve the mouth of the
471:unit in charge of defending
448:
7:
1054:Williams, John Jay (1852).
829:
746:
606:, including the capture of
10:
2102:
428:Fort St. Philip, Louisiana
420:Fort Livingston, Louisiana
1585:
1534:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1503:, June 17, 1882, p. 381,
1319:Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
912:; Warner, 1964, pp. 19–20
844:American Civil War portal
768:Notes on Seacoast Defence
616:Army of Northern Virginia
283:
246:Battle of White Oak Swamp
208:
184:
148:
140:
117:
96:
84:
63:
39:
30:
23:
1361:Abbot, 1902, p. 11 (229)
945:obituary, April 26, 1889
867:
741:Sheffield, Massachusetts
567:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
488:First Battle of Bull Run
338:Sheffield, Massachusetts
312:and as a general in the
268:Capture of Fort Harrison
226:First Battle of Bull Run
196:Department of Washington
108:United States of America
91:Sheffield, Massachusetts
1395:Civil War High Commands
1274:Abbot, 1902, p. 7 (225)
1263:Staten Island, New York
902:Civil War High Commands
692:Philip St. George Cooke
612:Battle of Hatcher's Run
518:On September 23, 1861,
492:Blockade Strategy Board
424:Fort Jackson, Louisiana
273:Battle of Hatcher's Run
569:, during this period.
563:Battle of Malvern Hill
516:
251:Battle of Malvern Hill
241:Battle of Gaines' Mill
1144:Sifakis, 1988, p. 406
823:Johnson's Cyclopaedia
672:scientific literature
555:Battle of Gaines Mill
511:
385:Newport, Rhode Island
332:Early life and career
141:Years of service
1490:at Wikimedia Commons
1292:Cullum, 1891, p. 532
1132:Sifakis, 1988, p. 33
1017:Cullum, 1891, p. 530
821:Over 90 articles in
622:, on April 9, 1865.
620:Appomattox, Virginia
432:Mexican–American War
362:West Point, New York
306:Mexican–American War
216:Mexican–American War
2066:Union Army generals
1500:Scientific American
1155:Army of the Potomac
1044:Warner, 1964, p. 20
628:On April 10, 1866,
604:Siege of Petersburg
496:George B. McClellan
477:Joseph K. Mansfield
346:Columbia University
322:Army of the Potomac
263:Siege of Petersburg
201:Army of the Potomac
1423:Sifakis, Stewart.
1386:Cullum, George W.
1203:Henry Larcom Abbot
989:Sifakis, Stewart,
715:Aztec Club of 1847
680:William T. Sherman
676:David Van Nostrand
670:The production of
547:Harrison's Landing
545:. On the march to
543:Chickahominy River
535:Peninsula Campaign
462:Lieutenant General
406:in New York City,
318:American Civil War
298:John Gross Barnard
231:Peninsula campaign
221:American Civil War
131:United States Army
2028:
2027:
1544:
1543:
1538:Richard Delafield
1535:Succeeded by
1513:Military offices
1486:Media related to
1198:Richard Delafield
1095:Warner, Ezra J.,
963:Abbot, Henry L.,
879:Warner, Ezra J.,
788:, IT. S. A. 1866.
661:Mississippi River
643:Postbellum career
586:Overland Campaign
557:, the passage of
537:and directed the
527:brigadier general
366:Second Lieutenant
304:, serving in the
295:
294:
258:Overland Campaign
236:Siege of Yorktown
167:Brigadier General
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1518:Preceded by
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1509:
1485:
1461:Generals in Gray
1459:Warner, Ezra J.
1446:Generals in Blue
1444:Warner, Ezra J.
1373:Abbot, Henry L.
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1326:. Archived from
1315:
1309:
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1290:
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1275:
1272:
1266:
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1188:
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1176:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1097:Generals in Gray
1093:
1087:
1084:
1063:
1062:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1002:
987:
981:
978:
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961:
955:
952:
946:
940:
934:
931:
925:
919:
913:
898:
892:
881:Generals in Blue
877:
846:
841:
840:
839:
704:George W. Cullum
582:Ulysses S. Grant
500:Washington, D.C.
494:. Major General
473:Washington, D.C.
379:in constructing
377:Joseph G. Totten
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559:White Oak Swamp
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455:Major General
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1332:. Retrieved
1328:the original
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1255:Regular Army
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69:(1882-05-14)
67:May 14, 1882
50:May 19, 1815
18:
2046:1882 deaths
2041:1815 births
688:Silas Casey
551:James River
408:New Orleans
316:during the
2035:Categories
1949:Goodpaster
1676:Beauregard
1532:1855–1856
1368:References
1307:HathiTrust
469:Union Army
381:Fort Adams
326:Washington
314:Union Army
135:Union Army
97:Allegiance
46:1815-05-19
1991:Hagenbeck
1977:Christman
1809:MacArthur
1725:Schofield
1683:Delafield
1669:Delafield
1648:Brewerton
1641:Delafield
1620:Partridge
1598:Wadsworth
1058:engineers
630:President
520:President
484:Arlington
449:Civil War
412:Pensacola
302:U.S. Army
284:Signature
144:1833–1881
53:Sheffield
2012:Williams
1935:Knowlton
1900:Davidson
1851:Benedict
1788:Townsley
1634:De Russy
1606:Williams
1600:(acting)
1591:Williams
830:See also
747:Writings
737:Michigan
561:and the
396:Fort Jay
185:Commands
118:Service/
78:Michigan
2019:Gilland
1998:Huntoon
1921:Bennett
1914:Lampert
1823:Stewart
1802:Tillman
1739:Merritt
1711:Pitcher
1662:Barnard
1379:at the
776:. 1862.
770:. 1861.
764:. 1859.
758:. 1858.
733:Detroit
657:jetties
584:in the
549:on the
436:Tampico
368:in the
158:Colonel
74:Detroit
2005:Caslen
1984:Lennox
1970:Graves
1963:Palmer
1928:Koster
1886:Irving
1872:Taylor
1844:Connor
1830:Winans
1816:Sladen
1795:Biddle
1753:Wilson
1732:Howard
1704:Cullum
1690:Bowman
1627:Thayer
1467:
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1431:
1416:
1401:
1213:
1103:
997:
908:
887:
610:, the
590:brevet
459:Brevet
416:Mobile
176:Brevet
120:branch
80:, U.S.
59:, U.S.
1956:Scott
1942:Berry
1893:Bryan
1879:Moore
1865:Wilby
1837:Smith
1781:Barry
1774:Scott
1767:Mills
1760:Ernst
1746:Parke
1718:Ruger
1697:Tower
1613:Swift
868:Notes
112:Union
1465:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1336:2010
1211:ISBN
1101:ISBN
995:ISBN
906:ISBN
885:ISBN
457:and
402:and
149:Rank
64:Died
40:Born
1655:Lee
1257:."
618:at
383:in
360:at
2037::
1345:^
1171:^
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44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
