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John Doubleday (restorer)

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of works in both national and private collections, allowed smaller collections to hold copies at a fraction of the price that the originals would command. Thousands of his copies entered the collections of institutions and individuals. Yet the accuracy he achieved led to confusion with the originals;
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them, but this resulted in the flaking of the surfaces, destroying the inscriptions. His second attempt, submerging the tablets in solutions, also resulted in disintegration, at which point Birch suspended the efforts entirely. Later attempts by other conservators in firing similar tablets were more
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lithograph of himself. A further presentation in 1837 was still considered, in 1996, to be one of the museum's most important collections of casts of seals. He seems to have been the museum's primary, and perhaps its first, dedicated restorer; his death was described as leaving the post vacant. At
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Doubleday twice served as a witness in criminal matters. In 1841 he testified about his analysis of a gold medal during a trial concerning its theft. Eight years later Doubleday again testified, in March and April 1849, in a matter concerning the theft of coins from the museum. Early in February,
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casts which he had made before the theft, and that the market value was between £3,000 and £4,000. Vlasto, who was remanded without bail, claimed that the majority of the coins discovered were not the museum's. On 17 April Doubleday again testified, identifying two more coins as belonging to the
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for the last 20 years of his life. He undertook several duties for the museum, not least as a witness in criminal trials, but was primarily their specialist restorer, perhaps the first person to hold the position. He is best known for his 1845 restoration of the severely damaged Roman
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casts, the former coloured in different hues, at his establishment, which, located near the British Museum, may have helped facilitate his employment there. He also sold curiosities, such as cabinets, snuff boxes, and lead seals purportedly made from materials taken from the
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successful; mainstream acceptance today is more tempered by concerns about reversibility than by concerns about efficacy. Doubleday is regarded as the inventor of this method, and his failures may have been caused by raising or lowering the temperature too quickly.
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his death, it was noted that he was "chiefly employed in the reparation of innumerable works of art, which could not have been intrusted to more skilful or more patient hands", and that he "was well known as one of the most valuable servants of that department".
308:, former keeper of Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities at the museum, as "disastrous", but by modern reasoning as "prescient", for though unsuccessful, the underlying methods were subsequently refined by others. Doubleday first attempted to harden the tablets by 554:
Sixteen years later, while writing about catching a servant in the act of stealing from him, Newton would declare that "I have not seen so livid and hideous a complexion since the day when Timoleon Pericles Vlastò was detected stealing coins from the British
446:-born "artist" who was nonetheless a British subject, married to one Elizabeth and father of five daughters, all Londoners. His eldest daughter, also an Elizabeth, was born around 1833, suggesting that Doubleday and his wife had married by then. 535:, recorded on 30 March, puts his age at 53, consistent with a birthday between March 1797 and March 1798. Cemetery records from his burial record his age as 59, as does his headstone, indicating a birthday between January 1796 and January 1797. 544:
A second reason for the second reconstruction was the rediscovery of the 37 pieces unincorporated by Doubleday. Three of these, from the inside of the vase, were placed by Axtell. By the end of the Williams reconstruction, only 17 fragments
387:, to the Society of Antiquaries of London. Doubleday's casts came from a range of places; on good terms with a variety of institutions and collectors, he was permitted to take casts at will from the collections of the British Museum and the 459:
in the casting of metal and other materials. Subsequently, he began copying medals, ancient seals, and coins, occasionally devising new methods of doing so; he also prepared castings for the Royal Mint, and become a founding member of the
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that he would employ in his later career as a copyist. Doubleday's early life, family, and education are otherwise unknown. He died in 1856, leaving a wife and five daughters, all English; the eldest child was born around 1833.
471:, Doubleday died "after a long illness" on 25 January 1856, "in the fifty-seventh year of his age". The illness was termed "extreme" by colleagues, such that he was unreachable for months. Obituaries were published in 404:
filled out their collection with his casts, finding them cost-effective substitutes for study. This same appearance of realism saw some of Doubleday's copies passed off as real. Doubleday was cast as a forger in
464:. By 1832 he was listed in directories under the heading "Curiosity, shell & picture dealers", and as a dealer in ancient seals. As well as his work at the British Museum, he may have been a collector. 236:
interior, was diamond-engraved "Broke Feby 7th 1845 Restored Sept 10th 1845 By John Doubleday". The British Museum awarded Doubleday an additional £25 (equivalent to £3,200 in 2023) for his work.
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Catalogue of the First Portion of the Very Extensive, Highly Valuable and Important Collection of Coins and Medals, in Gold, Silver, and Copper, of the Late Eminent Numismatist, Mr. Matthew Young
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Reade, Julian Edgeworth (2008). "Nineteenth-Century Nimrud: Motivation, Orientation, Conservation". In Curtis, John E.; McCall, Henrietta; Collon, Dominique & al-Gailani Werr, Lamia (eds.).
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Beyond his work on the Portland Vase, several other of Doubleday's responsibilities at the British Museum have been recorded. In 1851 he successfully undid damaging restoration work by
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The highlight of Doubleday's career came after 7 February 1845 when a young man, who later admitted having spent the prior week "indulging in intemperance", smashed the
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Reade, Julian Edgeworth (December 2017). "The Manufacture, Evaluation and Conservation of Clay Tablets Inscribed in Cuneiform: Traditional Problems and Solutions".
3202: 2256:"Account of Researches for the Discovery of the Ancient Seal of the Archdeaconry of Northampton; with Remarks on the Subject of Ecclesiastical Seals in General" 330:
museum. In early May Vlasto pleaded guilty to the theft of 266 coins from the museum, valued at £500, and another 71, valued at £150, from the house of General
162:-born British subject. An obituary noted that he worked at a printer's shop for more than 20 years during his youth, which gave him the experience of casting 151:
after his death he was labelled a forger, but with the caveat that "hether he did copies with the intention of deceiving collectors or not is open to doubt".
3448: 289:. Doubleday's method, described at the time only as "a very simple process and without employing acids", is unknown, but may have used warm water with soap. 3778: 220:
and among the most famous glass items in the world, into hundreds of pieces. After his selection for the restoration, Doubleday commissioned a
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of a descriptive catalogue of Roman coins relating to Britain. More unique pieces he sometimes exhibited, either himself or by loan to Sir
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Apart from his work at the British Museum, Doubleday was a dealer and a copyist of coins, medals, and ancient seals. He sold sulphur and
304:, then the keeper of the Department of Oriental Antiquities, Doubleday attempted to remove the deposits. The results were described by 245:
for demonstrating "skilful ingenuity" and "cleverness ... sufficient to establish his immortality as the prince of restorers". In 2006
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describe his death as occurring in his fifty-seventh year, which would indicate a birthday between January 1799 and January 1800. The
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While at the British Museum, Doubleday also dealt in copies of coins, medals, and ancient seals. His casts in coloured sulphur and in
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Doubleday was also noted as being one of two with the same surname employed at the British Museum at the same time; the other,
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List of Additions in the Natural History, Antiquities, and Prints of the British Museum in the Years MDCCCXXXVI – MDCCCXXXIX
2393: 300:. Some were poorly packaged and had developed crystalline deposits rendering the writing illegible. Under the direction of 2943:"Miscellaneous and Numismatic Library of the late Mr. John Doubleday, also some Etruscan Vases and Miscellaneous Articles" 154:
Little is known about Doubleday's upbringing or personal life. Several sources describe him as an American, including the
413:, though with the caveat that "hether he did copies with the intention of deceiving collectors or not is open to doubt". 3221: 389: 370: 3531: 2783:"Remarks on the Anglo-Saxon Charters Granted to the Abbey of St. Denis, in France, and on the Seals Attached to them" 2622: 2216: 521: 473: 451: 432:
Little is known about Doubleday's personal life, and nothing about his upbringing or education. An 1859 edition of
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Doubleday was again called upon when, between 1850 and 1855, the museum received clay tablets from excavations in
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Reports and Papers of the Architectural and Archaeological Societies of the Counties of Lincoln and Northampton
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who was only interested in collecting, not selling. The pleas met little sympathy. Vlasto was sentenced by the
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Doubleday's casts were inexpensive, and sold widely. He was well known among collectors, and also sold to
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Doubleday worked at a printer's shop in his youth for more than 20 years, according to his obituary in
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January 1856) was a British craftsperson, restorer, and dealer in antiquities who was employed by the
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Winkles's Architectural and Picturesque Illustrations of the Cathedral Churches of England and Wales
3607: 3523: 3504: 3481: 3439: 3388: 3361: 3338: 3315: 3292: 3275: 3193: 3170: 3134: 3109: 3074: 3021: 2998: 2977: 2953: 2862: 2843: 2824: 2797: 2748: 2729: 2712: 2695: 2595: 2571: 2550: 2531: 2508: 2481: 2432: 2369: 2318: 2270: 2246: 2227: 2208: 2189: 2166: 2143: 2120: 2097: 2074: 2051: 2020: 3117: 461: 261: 2720: 2684: 2197: 2013: 3758: 3472: 2558: 2360: 920: 384: 2738:"List of Benefactors to the British Museum from Whom Donations of Magnitude Have Been Received" 3283: 3125: 3006: 2962: 2942: 2805: 2782: 2580: 2562: 2303: 2255: 2174: 2151: 2105: 2082: 1023: 1021: 3753: 3738: 3592: 3558: 3424: 3155: 2989: 2985: 2737: 2417: 2059: 716: 714: 712: 710: 708: 706: 704: 564:
By the 1923 edition, references to Doubleday being a forger were removed from the dictionary.
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to seven years transportation to Australia, and in early 1851 was placed on board the
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List of Additions Made to the Collections in the British Museum in the Year MDCCCXXXI
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Doubleday's year of birth, let alone date, is uncertain. Contemporary obituaries in
143:, an accomplishment that places him at the forefront of his profession at the time. 3256: 3086: 2664: 641: 443: 159: 60: 3397: 3683: 3617:"A Biographical Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Antique & Curiosity Dealers" 3519:. Vol. VI, no. CCLXXVI. Pembrokeshire, Wales. 13 April 1849. p. 3. 3082: 3036:. Tokyo: Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties. pp. 1–27. 3032:(1993). "The History of and Prospects for the Conservation of Metals in Europe". 2778: 1844: 1414: 1486: 3497: 3354: 3331: 3308: 3204:
New Light on Nimrud: Proceedings of the Nimrud Conference, 11th–13th March 2002
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At the time the restoration was termed "masterly" and Doubleday was lauded by
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whose late father, Count Vlasto, had been a diplomat, had been introduced to
210: 204: 140: 105: 45: 3044:(2006). "Doubleday, John". In Panzeri, Matteo & Gimondi, Cinzia (eds.). 2385: 1459: 1303: 1048: 3489: 3346: 3323: 3300: 2202:
The Annual Register, or a View of the History and Politics of the Year 1856
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From 1836 to 1856 Doubleday worked in the Department of Antiquities at the
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A Manual for the Genealogist, Topographer, Antiquary, and Legal Professor
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Monumenta Historica Britannica, or Materials for the History of Britain
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Pickup, David (November 2017). "The Strange Tale of Timoleon Vlasto".
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Report of the Architectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton
2204:. Vol. 98. London: F. & J. Rivington. 1857. pp. 226–290. 1607: 833: 175: 2742:
A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the British Museum, Bloomsbury
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Catalogue of the Miscellaneous Library of the Late Mr. John Doubleday
1979: 1636: 1634: 1544: 1083: 1081: 335: 293: 286: 214: 2567:. Vol. I. London: Lonman, Brown, Green, Longman, & Roberts. 2463:
The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society
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The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society
2744:. London: Trustees of the British Museum. 1883. pp. xxi–xxxvi. 496: 3210:. London: British Institute for the Study of Iraq. pp. 1–21. 1631: 1501: 1291: 1078: 954: 952: 950: 823: 821: 3496:. No. 24, 787. London. 31 March 1849. p. 8 – via 2439: 1808: 926: 297: 3353:. No. 2, 154. London. 12 May 1849. p. 300 – via 2006:(1834). "Impressions of Roman and Greek Coins, Seals, &c.". 265:
The shattered fragments of the Portland Vase, as painted in 1845
3282: 2691:. Vol. II. London: Bradbury & Evans. pp. 368–403. 2418:"A Familiar Description of the British Museum and its Contents" 1787: 1129: 1117: 947: 935: 818: 397: 326: 318: 282: 3046:
Amplius Vetusta Servare: First Results of the European Project
884: 3156:"The Portland Vase and the Sarcophagus in which it was Found" 500: 1925: 1747: 1745: 793: 791: 729: 2719: 2702: 2031:, ed. (January 1850). "The Robbery at the British Museum". 1937: 1192: 1182: 1180: 1093: 878: 842: 278: 2896:"Fire at the Palace of Westminster, Turned Wood Snuff Box" 2869: 2736: 1685: 1613: 1281: 1279: 854: 3154: 3034:
Current Problems in the Conservation of Metal Antiquities
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Timolean Vlasto, a fashionable twenty-four-year-old from
3005: 2546:. Maitland, New South Wales. 13 October 1849. p. 1. 2544:
The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser
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A Descriptive Catalogue of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins
1903: 1901: 1757: 1718: 1703: 1240: 1204: 1177: 720: 2960: 2380:. London: S. Leigh Sotheby & John Wilkinson. 1856. 2376: 2359: 2304:"On a New Method of Obtaining Representations of Coins" 1985: 1799: 1550: 1276: 964: 373:, and pieces of wood said to be from a tree planted by 44:
John Doubleday around 1845 with his restoration of the
3530: 3307:. Bury, Suffolk. 25 April 1849. p. 1 – via 2621: 2527:. Vol. VII. London: Spink & Son. p. 231. 1525: 1507: 1474: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1297: 1153: 1141: 3299: 3177: 2173: 2150: 2127: 1898: 1733: 1676: 1562: 1435: 1036: 982: 896: 860: 3511: 3324:"The Robbery of Coins at the British Museum, &c" 2647: 2504:. Vol. I. London: Spink & Son. p. 612. 2460: 2422:
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
1874: 1865: 1387: 1337: 1252: 1228: 1216: 1105: 908: 827: 808: 806: 778: 776: 774: 772: 770: 768: 766: 764: 3374:"Introductory Memoir on some Seals of Bedfordshire" 2332:
A History of the Royal Numismatic Society 1836-1986
2196: 1955: 1832: 1646: 1619: 1571: 1346: 1165: 1068: 1066: 762: 760: 758: 756: 754: 752: 750: 748: 746: 744: 3716:. Vol. I. London: David Bogue. pp. i–xx. 3646:. Vol. I. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales. 3644:Catalogue of Seals in the National Museum of Wales 3285:Report from the Select Committee on British Museum 1913: 1886: 1513: 3488: 3116: 3081: 2804: 2392: 1850: 1820: 1664: 1420: 1135: 1123: 1087: 1012: 958: 941: 803: 735: 3730: 3330:. London. 22 April 1849. p. 14 – via 2602: 2538: 2106:"Antiquarian Researches: Society of Antiquaries" 2083:"Antiquarian Researches: Society of Antiquaries" 2060:"Antiquarian Researches: Society of Antiquaries" 1492: 1063: 890: 741: 3517:The Pembrokeshire Herald and General Advertiser 2763:. Vol. 2. London: Pickering & Chatto. 2665:"John Doublday: England and Wales Census, 1851" 2603:Harvey, Paul D. A.; McGuinness, Andrew (1996). 3704: 3666:The Breaking and Remaking of the Portland Vase 2850: 2831: 2663: 1640: 1450: 1405: 797: 48:, and a watercolour of the shattered fragments 2917: 2893: 2872:"David Garrick / Shakespeare's Mulberry Tree" 1601: 1589: 16:British antiquities restorer (c. 1789 – 1856) 3345: 3301:"The Robbery of Coins at the British Museum" 3089:(1990). "The History of the Portland Vase". 2234: 2215: 1465: 1322: 1054: 491:that April. The 322 lots combined to fetch 3779:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom 3586: 3563:Seals and their Context in the Middle Ages 3559:"The Seals of King Henry II and his Court" 3449:"British Picture Restorers, 1600–1950 – D" 1943: 38: 3614: 3368: 3062: 3048:. Saonara, Italy: Il Prato. p. 109. 2941: 2761:The Journals of Thomas Babington Macaulay 2689:The English Cyclopædia: Arts and Sciences 1970: 1814: 1285: 692: 3660: 3641: 3429:The American Journal of Science and Arts 3419: 3347:"Robbery of Coins at the British Museum" 2755: 2725:. London: George Woodfall and Son. 1833. 2708:. London: George Woodfall and Son. 1848. 2607:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1880: 1751: 1538: 1480: 1147: 1111: 1099: 970: 420: 260: 174: 170: 3668:. London: British Museum Publications. 3556: 3395: 3322: 2991:Travels & Discoveries in the Levant 2649:"John Doubleday (Biographical details)" 2415: 2027: 2002: 1691: 1625: 1577: 1378: 1363: 866: 455:, giving him experience through making 72:25 January 1856 (aged 57–58) 19:For the sculptor by the same name, see 3731: 3682: 3565:. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 7–33. 3141: 2994:. Vol. II. London: Day & Son. 2984: 2777: 2679: 2515: 2488: 2325: 2298: 2284:The Rise & Progress of Assyriology 1931: 1919: 1907: 1892: 1775: 1519: 1393: 1042: 812: 3446: 3396:Shenton, Caroline (13 January 2015). 3246: 3200: 2557: 2525:Biographical Dictionary of Medallists 2502:Biographical Dictionary of Medallists 2416:Fennell, James H. (22 January 1842). 2396:. National Archives. 14 December 2010 2277: 2253: 1838: 1763: 1270: 1258: 1246: 1234: 1222: 1210: 1198: 1186: 1171: 1159: 914: 782: 503:(equivalent to £29,000 in 2023). 411:Biographical Dictionary of Medallists 3470: 3040: 3028: 2338:. London: Royal Numismatic Society. 2287:. London: Martin Hopkinson & Co. 2012:. London: Effingham Wilson. p.  1788:British Museum Select Committee 1836 1652: 1072: 902: 599:who departed this life 30th Nov 1858 3561:. In Schofield, Phillipp R. (ed.). 2961:Knight, John I. (4 February 1837). 2242:. London. 31 March 1849. p. 8. 438:described him as American, and the 13: 2578: 2564:Lives of the Princesses of England 2223:. London. 11 July 1845. p. 6. 1826: 371:Commissioners of Woods and Forests 14: 3800: 3536:The Proceedings of the Old Bailey 3288:. London: House of Commons. 1836. 3070:(1475): 139–140. 2 February 1856. 2627:The Proceedings of the Old Bailey 2605:A Guide to British Medieval Seals 2365:. London: S. Leigh Sotheby. 1839. 179:1836 lithograph of Doubleday, by 3719: 3708:& Winkles, Benjamin (1851). 3690:. London: British Museum Press. 3633: 3606: 3578: 3548: 3522: 3503: 3492:. Police Intelligence – Friday. 3480: 3462: 3438: 3411: 3387: 3360: 3337: 3314: 3291: 3274: 3238: 3192: 3169: 3133: 3108: 3073: 3020: 2997: 2976: 2952: 2933: 2909: 2885: 2861: 2842: 2823: 2796: 2747: 2728: 2711: 2694: 2639: 2594: 2570: 2549: 2530: 2507: 2480: 2431: 2407: 2368: 2351: 2317: 2290: 2269: 2245: 2226: 2207: 2188: 2165: 2142: 2119: 2096: 2073: 2050: 2019: 879:British Museum acquisitions 1833 843:British Museum acquisitions 1848 416: 230:Society of Antiquaries of London 198: 117: 3769:Employees of the British Museum 2759:(2008). Thomas, William (ed.). 1995: 1665:Petrie, Sharpe & Hardy 1848 855:British Museum benefactors 1883 651: 634: 567: 558: 548: 538: 334:. Vlasto's lawyer termed him a 3007:"Obituary: Mr. John Doubleday" 2461:"Forged and Imitation Coins". 657:The latter was republished in 606:youngest daughter of the above 513: 380:Monumenta Historica Britannica 351: 256: 1: 3749:American emigrants to England 3688:The British Museum: A History 3477:. London: John Russell Smith. 1136:Painter & Whitehouse 1990 1124:Painter & Whitehouse 1990 1088:Painter & Whitehouse 1990 1013:Painter & Whitehouse 1990 959:Painter & Whitehouse 1990 942:Painter & Whitehouse 1990 670: 467:According to the obituary in 3784:People from New York (state) 3593:"Examples of Mediæval Seals" 891:Harvey & McGuinness 1996 624:eldest daughter of the above 597:fourth daughter of the above 7: 3642:Williams, David H. (1993). 3451:. National Portrait Gallery 3447:Simon, Jacob (March 2018). 2949:(1487): 507. 26 April 1856. 2858:(1086): 364. 21 April 1849. 1508:Old Bailey Proceedings 1849 1298:Old Bailey Proceedings 1841 644:, was an unrelated English 281:to clean bronze bowls from 10: 3805: 3597:The Archaeological Journal 3557:Vincent, Nicholas (2015). 3349:. Central Criminal Court. 2920:"St. Stephens Westminster" 2839:(1084): 313. 7 April 1849. 2787:The Archaeological Journal 2757:Macaulay, Thomas Babington 1641:Winkles & Winkles 1851 1614:Millett Shakespeare's tree 626:who died January 25th 1929 608:who died January 19th 1886 202: 156:1851 United Kingdom census 18: 3587:Walford, Weston S. & 3305:The Bury and Norwich Post 3303:. Domestic Intelligence. 3179:"Presents to the Society" 2922:. Timothy Millett Limited 2898:. Timothy Millett Limited 2874:. Timothy Millett Limited 2469:: 185–187. January 1849. 425:Doubleday's headstone in 402:University College London 158:, which records him as a 116: 111: 100: 92: 84: 76: 68: 53: 37: 30: 21:John Doubleday (sculptor) 3615:Westgarth, Mark (2009). 3160:The Gentleman's Magazine 3091:Journal of Glass Studies 3011:The Gentleman's Magazine 2585:The Gentleman's Magazine 2559:Green, Mary Anne Everett 2442:Journal of Glass Studies 2308:The Numismatic Chronicle 2254:Brown, Abner W. (1845). 2110:The Gentleman's Magazine 2087:The Gentleman's Magazine 2064:The Gentleman's Magazine 1986:Sotheby's catalogue 1856 1817:, pp. 158–159, 165. 1667:, pp. clii–clxxiii. 1551:Sotheby's catalogue 1839 1015:, pp. 69–71, 82–83. 928:Journal of Glass Studies 828:British Museum Doubleday 613:Also Elizabeth Doubleday 595:Also of Louisa Doubleday 528:The Gentleman's Magazine 506: 480:The Gentleman's Magazine 462:Royal Numismatic Society 369:with the consent of the 242:The Gentleman's Magazine 2820:(122): 367. 1 May 1858. 2238:. Police Intelligence. 2093:: 175–178. August 1845. 622:Also of Eliza Doubleday 573:The inscription reads: 483:, and he was buried in 3471:Sims, Richard (1861). 3423:, ed. (January 1835). 3166:: 41–44. January 1846. 2986:Newton, Charles Thomas 2581:"Minor Correspondence" 2116:: 406–410. April 1846. 1944:Walford & Way 1856 1934:, pp. 3, 5–6, 59. 1201:, pp. xviii, 148. 736:National Archives 2010 631: 617:who died May 21st 1889 588:who departed this life 435:The English Cyclopædia 429: 390:Bibliothèque nationale 340:Central Criminal Court 266: 183: 3764:Conservator-restorers 3494:The Morning Chronicle 3120:; Sharpe, John & 2685:"British Museum, The" 2579:H., D. (April 1837). 1437:Bury and Norwich Post 574: 485:Kensal Green Cemetery 427:Kensal Green Cemetery 424: 367:Palace of Westminster 271:William Thomas Brande 264: 178: 171:At the British Museum 3122:Hardy, Thomas Duffus 3042:Oddy, William Andrew 3030:Oddy, William Andrew 2963:"Mr. John Doubleday" 2651:. The British Museum 2542:. British Extracts. 2540:"The Greek Criminal" 2300:Burgon, John William 2236:"The British Museum" 2217:"The British Museum" 1867:Numismatic Chronicle 1720:Gentleman's Magazine 1705:Gentleman's Magazine 1339:Pembrokeshire Herald 1273:, pp. 182, 184. 1029:Gentleman's Magazine 999:Gentleman's Magazine 881:, pp. 155, 212. 722:Gentleman's Magazine 604:Also of Julia Bewsey 224:of the fragments by 222:watercolour painting 3261:10.1017/irq.2016.10 3064:"Our Weekly Gossip" 2967:Mechanics' Magazine 2279:Budge, E. A. Wallis 2070:: 81–82. July 1836. 2029:Akerman, John Yonge 2004:Akerman, John Yonge 1957:The Annual Register 1801:Mechanics' Magazine 1682:, pp. 460–461. 1643:, p. vii n.14. 1249:, pp. 148–149. 1213:, pp. ii, 148. 1189:, pp. 147–148. 1102:, pp. 5–6, 29. 798:English Census 1851 663:the following year. 660:The Annual Register 332:Charles Richard Fox 285:had caused extreme 247:William Andrew Oddy 104:Reconstructing the 3774:British medallists 3624:Regional Furniture 3421:Silliman, Benjamin 3400:. Caroline Shenton 3227:on 10 January 2022 2918:Millett, Timothy. 2894:Millett, Timothy. 2870:Millett, Timothy. 2198:"Appendix: Deaths" 1778:, p. 367 n.5. 1766:, p. 148 n.3. 1694:, p. 10 n.23. 615:widow of the above 430: 306:E. A. Wallis Budge 267: 226:Thomas H. Shepherd 184: 3697:978-0-7141-2764-4 3675:978-0-7141-1291-6 3653:978-0-7200-0381-9 3572:978-1-78297-817-6 3532:"Timonion Ulasto" 3515:. Miscellaneous. 3513:"Timoleon Vlasto" 3490:"Timoleon Vlasto" 3217:978-0-903472-24-1 3087:Whitehouse, David 3055:978-88-900741-7-2 2814:Notes and Queries 2810:(2nd S. v. 274.)" 2770:978-1-85196-903-6 2614:978-0-8020-0867-1 2345:978-0-901405-24-1 1946:, pp. 70–71. 1852:Notes and Queries 1754:, pp. 75–77. 1602:Millett lead seal 1590:Millett snuff box 1422:Morning Chronicle 1162:, pp. 19–20. 1090:, pp. 82–84. 905:, pp. 10–11. 590:25th January 1856 583:of the parish of 348:for the journey. 125: 124: 93:Years active 3796: 3724: 3723: 3717: 3701: 3684:Wilson, David M. 3679: 3657: 3638: 3637: 3631: 3621: 3611: 3610: 3604: 3583: 3582: 3576: 3553: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3527: 3526: 3520: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3485: 3484: 3478: 3467: 3466: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3443: 3442: 3436: 3416: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3398:"Snuff's Enough" 3392: 3391: 3385: 3370:Rose, Henry John 3365: 3364: 3358: 3342: 3341: 3335: 3319: 3318: 3312: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3243: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3226: 3220:. Archived from 3209: 3197: 3196: 3190: 3189:: 487–499. 1836. 3174: 3173: 3167: 3151: 3138: 3137: 3131: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3083:Painter, Kenneth 3078: 3077: 3071: 3059: 3037: 3025: 3024: 3018: 3017:: 431–432. 1856. 3002: 3001: 2995: 2981: 2980: 2974: 2957: 2956: 2950: 2938: 2937: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2914: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2890: 2889: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2866: 2865: 2859: 2852:"The Metropolis" 2847: 2846: 2840: 2833:"The Metropolis" 2828: 2827: 2821: 2801: 2800: 2794: 2779:Madden, Frederic 2774: 2752: 2751: 2745: 2733: 2732: 2726: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2699: 2698: 2692: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2644: 2643: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2623:"James Stephens" 2618: 2599: 2598: 2592: 2575: 2574: 2568: 2554: 2553: 2547: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2485: 2484: 2478: 2457: 2436: 2435: 2429: 2412: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2394:"Census Records" 2389: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2356: 2355: 2349: 2337: 2322: 2321: 2315: 2302:(January 1841). 2295: 2294: 2288: 2274: 2273: 2267: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2240:The Morning Post 2231: 2230: 2224: 2221:The Morning Post 2212: 2211: 2205: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2185:: 389–457. 1847. 2170: 2169: 2163: 2162:: 455–521. 1846. 2147: 2146: 2140: 2139:: 455–485. 1836. 2124: 2123: 2117: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2078: 2077: 2071: 2055: 2054: 2048: 2024: 2023: 2017: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1968: 1962: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1863: 1857: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1740: 1731: 1725: 1716: 1710: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1494:Maitland Mercury 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1463: 1457: 1448: 1442: 1433: 1427: 1418: 1412: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1385: 1376: 1367: 1361: 1344: 1335: 1329: 1320: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1127: 1121: 1115: 1109: 1103: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1076: 1070: 1061: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1025: 1016: 1010: 1004: 995: 989: 980: 974: 968: 962: 956: 945: 939: 933: 924: 918: 912: 906: 900: 894: 888: 882: 876: 870: 864: 858: 857:, p. xxvii. 852: 846: 840: 831: 825: 816: 810: 801: 795: 786: 780: 739: 733: 727: 718: 699: 690: 664: 655: 649: 642:Edward Doubleday 638: 632: 571: 565: 562: 556: 552: 546: 542: 536: 517: 213:, an example of 133: 121: 88:Restorer, dealer 42: 28: 27: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3718: 3698: 3676: 3662:Williams, Nigel 3654: 3632: 3619: 3605: 3577: 3573: 3547: 3540: 3538: 3521: 3502: 3479: 3461: 3454: 3452: 3437: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3386: 3359: 3336: 3313: 3290: 3273: 3237: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3207: 3191: 3168: 3132: 3107: 3072: 3056: 3019: 2996: 2975: 2951: 2932: 2925: 2923: 2908: 2901: 2899: 2884: 2877: 2875: 2860: 2841: 2822: 2795: 2771: 2746: 2727: 2710: 2693: 2681:Knight, Charles 2670: 2668: 2654: 2652: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2615: 2593: 2569: 2548: 2529: 2521:"Doubleday, J." 2517:Forrer, Leonard 2506: 2490:Forrer, Leonard 2479: 2430: 2406: 2399: 2397: 2367: 2350: 2346: 2335: 2316: 2289: 2268: 2244: 2225: 2206: 2187: 2164: 2141: 2118: 2095: 2072: 2049: 2018: 1998: 1993: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1969: 1965: 1954: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1899: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1875: 1864: 1860: 1849: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1798: 1794: 1786: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1750: 1743: 1732: 1728: 1717: 1713: 1702: 1698: 1690: 1686: 1675: 1671: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1647: 1639: 1632: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1572: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1491: 1487: 1479: 1475: 1464: 1460: 1449: 1445: 1434: 1430: 1419: 1415: 1404: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1377: 1370: 1362: 1347: 1336: 1332: 1321: 1304: 1296: 1292: 1284: 1277: 1269: 1265: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1229: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1197: 1193: 1185: 1178: 1170: 1166: 1158: 1154: 1146: 1142: 1134: 1130: 1122: 1118: 1110: 1106: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1079: 1071: 1064: 1053: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1026: 1019: 1011: 1007: 996: 992: 981: 977: 973:, pp. 5–6. 969: 965: 957: 948: 940: 936: 925: 921: 913: 909: 901: 897: 889: 885: 877: 873: 865: 861: 853: 849: 841: 834: 826: 819: 811: 804: 796: 789: 781: 742: 734: 730: 719: 702: 691: 678: 673: 668: 667: 656: 652: 639: 635: 630: 627: 625: 623: 621: 620: 618: 616: 614: 612: 611: 609: 607: 605: 603: 602: 600: 598: 596: 594: 593: 591: 589: 587: 582: 580: 578: 572: 568: 563: 559: 553: 549: 543: 539: 518: 514: 509: 419: 354: 277:, who in using 259: 207: 201: 173: 131: 64: 58: 49: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3802: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3759:Coin designers 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3726: 3725: 3710:"Introduction" 3706:Winkles, Henry 3702: 3696: 3680: 3674: 3658: 3652: 3639: 3612: 3591:(March 1856). 3584: 3571: 3554: 3528: 3509: 3498:Newspapers.com 3486: 3468: 3444: 3417: 3393: 3366: 3355:Newspapers.com 3343: 3332:Newspapers.com 3326:. Bow-Street. 3320: 3309:Newspapers.com 3297: 3280: 3244: 3216: 3198: 3175: 3152: 3139: 3130:. Vol. I. 3114: 3079: 3060: 3054: 3038: 3026: 3003: 2982: 2958: 2939: 2915: 2891: 2867: 2848: 2829: 2808:Mediæval Seals 2802: 2775: 2769: 2753: 2734: 2717: 2700: 2683:, ed. (1859). 2677: 2667:. FamilySearch 2661: 2645: 2619: 2613: 2600: 2576: 2555: 2536: 2519:, ed. (1923). 2513: 2492:, ed. (1904). 2486: 2458: 2437: 2413: 2390: 2374: 2357: 2344: 2327:Carson, Robert 2323: 2296: 2275: 2251: 2232: 2213: 2194: 2171: 2148: 2125: 2102: 2079: 2056: 2025: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1978: 1963: 1961:, p. 235. 1948: 1936: 1924: 1912: 1910:, p. 378. 1897: 1885: 1873: 1871:, p. 136. 1858: 1843: 1831: 1829:, p. 338. 1819: 1815:Rose 1850–1851 1807: 1792: 1790:, p. 490. 1780: 1768: 1756: 1741: 1739:, p. 408. 1726: 1724:, p. 176. 1711: 1696: 1684: 1669: 1657: 1655:, p. 299. 1645: 1630: 1618: 1606: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1568:, p. 490. 1555: 1543: 1524: 1512: 1500: 1485: 1473: 1458: 1443: 1428: 1413: 1398: 1386: 1368: 1345: 1330: 1302: 1290: 1286:Westgarth 2009 1275: 1263: 1261:, p. 197. 1251: 1239: 1237:, p. 148. 1227: 1225:, p. 182. 1215: 1203: 1191: 1176: 1164: 1152: 1140: 1128: 1116: 1104: 1092: 1077: 1062: 1047: 1045:, p. 112. 1035: 1017: 1005: 1003:, p. 409. 990: 988:, p. 500. 975: 963: 946: 934: 919: 917:, p. 150. 907: 895: 883: 871: 859: 847: 832: 817: 802: 787: 740: 728: 726:, p. 431. 700: 698:, p. 140. 675: 674: 672: 669: 666: 665: 650: 633: 628:aged 90 years 581:John Doubleday 575: 566: 557: 547: 537: 511: 510: 508: 505: 418: 415: 407:Leonard Forrer 353: 350: 323:Charles Newton 258: 255: 253:in 1988–1989. 251:Nigel Williams 203:Main article: 200: 197: 192:Henry Corbould 188:British Museum 181:Henry Corbould 172: 169: 136:British Museum 128:John Doubleday 123: 122: 114: 113: 109: 108: 102: 101:Known for 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 59: 55: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 32:John Doubleday 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3801: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3613: 3609: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3475: 3469: 3465: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3372:(1850–1851). 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3206: 3205: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3118:Petrie, Henry 3115: 3111: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2856:The Spectator 2853: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2837:The Spectator 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2809: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2666: 2662: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2499: 2497: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2347: 2341: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2219:. Fine Arts. 2218: 2214: 2210: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1988:, p. 20. 1987: 1982: 1975: 1973: 1967: 1960: 1958: 1952: 1945: 1940: 1933: 1928: 1921: 1916: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1881:Williams 1993 1877: 1870: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1847: 1841:, p. 30. 1840: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1816: 1811: 1804: 1802: 1796: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1772: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1752:Silliman 1835 1748: 1746: 1738: 1737:Appendix 1847 1736: 1730: 1723: 1721: 1715: 1709:, p. 81. 1708: 1706: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1681: 1680:Appendix 1836 1679: 1673: 1666: 1661: 1654: 1649: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1627: 1622: 1615: 1610: 1603: 1598: 1591: 1586: 1579: 1574: 1567: 1566:Presents 1836 1565: 1559: 1553:, p. 26. 1552: 1547: 1541:, p. 75. 1540: 1539:Silliman 1835 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1521: 1516: 1509: 1504: 1497: 1495: 1489: 1483:, p. 64. 1482: 1481:Macaulay 2008 1477: 1470: 1468: 1462: 1455: 1453: 1452:The Spectator 1447: 1440: 1438: 1432: 1425: 1423: 1417: 1410: 1408: 1407:The Spectator 1402: 1396:, p. 17. 1395: 1390: 1383: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1342: 1340: 1334: 1327: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1299: 1294: 1288:, p. 89. 1287: 1282: 1280: 1272: 1267: 1260: 1255: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1174:, p. 20. 1173: 1168: 1161: 1156: 1150:, p. 19. 1149: 1148:Williams 1989 1144: 1138:, p. 83. 1137: 1132: 1126:, p. 82. 1125: 1120: 1113: 1112:Williams 1989 1108: 1101: 1100:Williams 1989 1096: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1059: 1057: 1051: 1044: 1039: 1033:, p. 41. 1032: 1030: 1024: 1022: 1014: 1009: 1002: 1000: 994: 987: 986:Appendix 1846 985: 979: 972: 971:Williams 1989 967: 961:, p. 69. 960: 955: 953: 951: 944:, p. 65. 943: 938: 931: 930:Foreword 1990 929: 923: 916: 911: 904: 899: 893:, p. 25. 892: 887: 880: 875: 869:, p. 56. 868: 863: 856: 851: 844: 839: 837: 829: 824: 822: 814: 809: 807: 799: 794: 792: 784: 779: 777: 775: 773: 771: 769: 767: 765: 763: 761: 759: 757: 755: 753: 751: 749: 747: 745: 737: 732: 725: 723: 717: 715: 713: 711: 709: 707: 705: 697: 695: 689: 687: 685: 683: 681: 676: 662: 661: 654: 647: 643: 637: 629: 619:aged 83 years 610:aged 36 years 601:aged 11 years 592:aged 59 years 586: 577:To the memory 570: 561: 551: 541: 534: 530: 529: 524: 523: 516: 512: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 481: 476: 475: 470: 465: 463: 458: 454: 453: 447: 445: 441: 437: 436: 428: 423: 417:Personal life 414: 412: 408: 403: 399: 394: 392: 391: 386: 382: 381: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363:charred ruins 359: 349: 347: 346: 345:Lady Kennaway 341: 337: 333: 328: 324: 320: 314: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 263: 254: 252: 248: 244: 243: 237: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 216: 212: 211:Portland Vase 206: 205:Portland Vase 199:Portland Vase 196: 193: 189: 182: 177: 168: 165: 161: 157: 152: 149: 144: 142: 141:Portland Vase 137: 130:(c. 1798 – 25 129: 120: 115: 110: 107: 106:Portland Vase 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 85:Occupation(s) 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 62: 56: 52: 47: 46:Portland Vase 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 3754:Antiquarians 3739:1790s births 3713: 3687: 3665: 3643: 3627: 3623: 3600: 3596: 3562: 3539:. 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Index

John Doubleday (sculptor)
Black and white photograph of John Doubleday with the Portland Vase and an 1845 watercolour by Thomas H. Shepherd showing the shattered fragments
Portland Vase
New York
Portland Vase

British Museum
Portland Vase
white metal
1851 United Kingdom census
New York
type
Lithograph of Doubleday, by Henry Corbould
Henry Corbould
British Museum
Henry Corbould
Portland Vase
Portland Vase
Roman
cameo glass
watercolour painting
Thomas H. Shepherd
Society of Antiquaries of London
matte
The Gentleman's Magazine
William Andrew Oddy
Nigel Williams
Watercolour painting by Thomas H. Shepherd showing the unrestored fragments of the Portland Vase
William Thomas Brande
Royal Mint

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