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are still of great importance. Spix died during the preparation of the second volume, but
Martius finished its publication using the notes of Spix and himself. Spix described and named many birds, primates, bats, and reptiles. Altogether he described some 500 to 600 species and subspecies. Furthermore, several species are named after him. Among Spix's most renowned discoveries is the species
223:. From his expedition to Brazil, he brought to Germany a large variety of specimens of plants, insects, mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. They constitute an important basis for today's National Zoological Collection in Munich. Numerous examples of his ethnographic collections, such as dance masks and the like, are now part of the collection of the
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In 1810, Spix came back to Munich where he sorted the zoological collection and wrote his first publication on starfish and other marine animals. After this first fundamental publication, a book about the history of zoological classification, published in 1811, he was appointed member of the
Bavarian
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Spix was honoured and knighted by the king of
Bavaria. He worked hard on his zoological materials and prepared a description of the journey together with Martius. This description was printed in three volumes in 1823, 1828 and 1831, translated into English (first volume only) and Portuguese, which
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in northeast Brazil, suffering from different severe diseases, and almost dying several times of thirst. During the whole journey, they collected and described animals and plants, but also everything else of scientific interest. They also described indigenous people and their habits, as well as
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Serpentum
Brasiliensium Species novae ou Histoire Naturelle des especes nouvelles de Serpens, Recueillies et observées pendent le voyage dans l'interieur du Brésil dans les Années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820 ... publiée par Jean de Spix, ... écrite dà près les notes du Voyageur par Jean
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Simiarum et
Vespertilionum Brasiliensium species novae ou Histoire Naturelle des espècies nouvelles de singes et de chauves - souris observées et recueillies pendant le voyage dans l'interieur du Brésil exécuté par ordre de S M Le Roi de Bavière dans les années 1817, 1818, 1819,
323:. First they went to Rio de Janeiro, but they soon left the Austrian group and travelled on their own through Brazil. Spix and Martius travelled from southern Rio de Janeiro to northern SĂŁo Paulo. During this part of their journey, they were accompanied by the Austrian painter
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and the
Miranha. The children where baptized Johannes and Isabella. Spix and Martius returned in 1820 to Munich with specimens of thousands of plants, animals, and ethnological objects. The zoological specimens formed the basis of the collection of the
566:. 3 Volumes and one Atlas - Verlag M. Lindauer, MĂĽnchen. 1388pp. (Bd. II und III edited by C.F.Ph. v. Martius) - reprint, 1967, F. A. Brockhaus Komm. Ges. Abt. Antiquarium, Stuttgart - also English (1st vol.) and Portuguese translations available.
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Cephalogenesis sive
Capitis Ossei Structura, Formatio et Significatio per omnes Animalium Classes, Familias, Genera ac Aetates digesta, atque Tabulis illustrata, Legesque simul Psychologiae, Cranioscopiae ac Physiognomiae inde
327:. Then they continued to Ouro Preto and Diamantina, in the province of Minas Gerais, where they described the mining of diamonds. From there, they went further into the continent and then back to the coast of Salvador.
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in
Northern France. Later he travelled to Southern France and Italy, collecting animals for the zoological collection of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and investigating marine animals.
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Animalia nova sive species novae
Testudinum et Ranarum, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX Iussu et Auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis suscepto collegit et descripsit
741:. Edited by: Soc. for the study of amphibians and reptiles, Oxford, pages IX –XXIX. The book is mainly a reprint of herpetological works from Spix, see also the introduction by K. Adler, pages v–vii.
287:. He published several further works, the most important being a comparative morphology of the skulls of many different animals, including men, primates, reptiles, birds, and others. This book, the
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Academy of
Sciences. Spix was also appointed the first conservator, now inline with the title director, of the Bavarian zoological collection, considered as the foundation of the
559:. Typis Franc. Seraph. HĂĽbschmanni, Monachii: 1-75, 26 Taf. - reprinted 1981 Soc. for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford; with an introduction by P. E. Vanzolini
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Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam Annis MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX Iussu et Auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis suscepto collegit et descripsit
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544:. Typis Franc. Seraph. HĂĽbschmanni, Monachii: 1-29, 22 tables - 1981 Soc. for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles with an introduction by P. E. Vanzolini
255:, Spix became interested in nature. He quit his theology studies and began studying medicine, which he finished with a second doctoral degree in 1807.
354:. Martius travelled by boat to the Yupurá River, and from there he brought to Munich two Brazilian indigenous children from two different tribes, the
239:, Germany, the seventh of eleven children. His childhood home is the site of the Spix Museum, open to the public since 2004. He studied philosophy in
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anything of possible economic importance. They additionally investigated the giant BendegĂł meteorite. They discovered fossil fishes of the
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Geschichte und Beurtheilung aller Systeme in der Zoologie nach ihrer Entwicklungsfolge von Aristoteles bis auf die gegenwärtige Zeit
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Reise in Brasilien auf Befehl Sr. Majestät Maximilian Joseph I. König von Baiern in den Jahren 1817–1820 gemacht und beschrieben
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Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix. Rundgespräche d. Kommission f. Ökologie, Tropenforschung - Bayer. Akad. d. Wissenschaften.
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551:. Typis Franc. Seraph. HĂĽbschmanni, Monachii: Tom. I, 1-90, 91 tabes; Tom. II, 1-85, 109 Taf.
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in Munich in 1808. He received a scholarship to go to Paris to learn scientific zoology with
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Ein Leben für die Zoologie – Die Reisen und Forschungen des Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix
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Spix is commemorated in the scientific names of three species of South American reptiles:
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After a short time working as a physician in Bamberg, he was appointed by King
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and others. From there he also made a first excursion to the sea coast of
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683:- Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, page 23.
638:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
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Aves: A Survey of the Literature of Neotropical Ornithology
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758:, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Libraries, 2011.
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The last part of the expedition was the journey up to the
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Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
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Adler, Kraig (1989); Spix, J. B. von (1781 – 1826) in:
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Mammals named for Spix include Spix's disk-winged bat (
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and graduated with a doctoral degree. Later he studied
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with a group of Austrian naturalists who accompanied
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251:. After attending lectures of the young professor
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350:, to the border of Peru, and from Manaus up the
219:(9 February 1781 – 13 March 1826) was a German
601:Category:Taxa named by Johann Baptist von Spix
862:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
681:Contributions to the History of Herpetology
268:Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
419:Birds named for Spix include Spix's guan (
787:Works by or about Johann Baptist von Spix
379:Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
521:. Schrag'sche Buchhandlung I-XIV; 710pp.
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701:. In Charles Coulston Gillispie (ed.).
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867:People of the Age of Enlightenment
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703:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
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313:Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
285:Zoologische Staatssammlung MĂĽnchen
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847:Botanists active in South America
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636:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
253:F. W. J. Schelling
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657:International Plant Names Index
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266:") of zoology in Munich at the
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260:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
217:Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix
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907:19th-century German botanists
897:19th-century writers in Latin
882:University of WĂĽrzburg alumni
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460:), Spix's red-handed howler (
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118:German biologist (1781–1826)
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321:Maria Leopoldina of Austria
307:collected by Spix in Brazil
162:Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
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699:"Spix, Johann Baptist von"
697:Sanders, A. P. M. (1975).
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892:German untitled nobility
857:Historiography of Brazil
796:Spix Museum in Höchstadt
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472:), Spix's night monkey (
775:Johann Baptist von Spix
689:Fittkau, E. J. (1995);
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125:Johann Baptist Von Spix
902:19th-century explorers
822:German science writers
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361:Natural History Museum
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158:Höchstadt an der Aisch
887:People from Höchstadt
877:Zoological collectors
852:Explorers of Amazonia
842:German ornithologists
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506:University of Bamberg
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330:They crossed the dry
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225:Museum of Ethnography
837:German entomologists
777:at Wikimedia Commons
442:Xiphorhynchus spixii
403:Acanthochelys spixii
295:Expedition to Brazil
188:German Confederation
40:improve this article
783:Smithsonian Library
722:Schönitzer, Klaus;
646:. ("Spix", p. 250).
573:author abbreviation
501:is named for Spix.
457:Thyroptera tricolor
144:Johann Baptist Spix
817:German naturalists
781:Digital Collection
436:Hypocnemis striata
431:Cyanospitta spixii
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311:In 1817, Spix and
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303:Illustration of a
773:Media related to
732:978-3-86906-179-5
644:978-1-4214-0135-5
463:Alouatta discolor
422:Penelope jacquacu
337:Santana Formation
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371:Publications
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720:(in German)
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352:Negro River
227:in Munich.
195:Nationality
806:Categories
693:10: 29–38.
662: Spix
607:References
207:Occupation
201:(Bavarian)
150:1781-02-09
66:newspapers
527:derivatae
348:Tabatinga
305:mata mata
237:Höchstadt
231:Biography
221:biologist
210:Biologist
595:See also
332:Caatinga
276:Normandy
249:WĂĽrzburg
245:theology
798:On QYPE
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