632:
935:
68:
75:
620:
303:
52:
456:). God also tells Hosea as to a future event, "I will even betroth thee unto me in faithfulness: and thou shalt know the Lord. And it shall come to pass in that day, I will hear, saith the Lord, I will hear the heavens, and they shall hear the earth; And the earth shall hear the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they shall hear Jezreel." (
699:
do not leave direct archaeological remains, an independently conducted soil analysis found a plot of land in
Jezreel properly suited for growing grapes, while the soils in the fields further west from the location were found to be the right quality for growing olives. Furthermore, numerous indicators
517:
Water was supplied by cisterns inside the walls and by the spring of 'En
Jezreel northeast of the fortress. Because of the strategic location, ample water supply, and excellent grazing in the Jezreel Valley, archaeologists David Ussishkin and John Woodhead believe that Jezreel was the base for King
664:
and four projecting towers surrounding the fortress, built with a combination of well-cut ashlars, boulders and smaller stones, and an upper level of mud-brick. The fortress enclosed an area of almost 11 acres (45,000 m). It was 860' long and 470' wide, and defended by a steep slope to the
704:
were discovered at a "particularly impressive installation...carved into the limestone bedrock at the foot of the hill of
Jezreel", such indicators including rock-cut treading floors; two adjacent rock-cut vats, each more than one meter in depth; another treading floor connected to a vat by a
655:
was conducted, leading to the major dig under the direction of
Ussishkin and Woodhead over seven seasons from 1990 to 1996. Staff and volunteers from about 25 countries (the largest groups were from United Kingdom, Sweden and Denmark) joined the dig.
659:
Renewed excavations began in the summer of 2012 under the new directorship of Dr. Norma
Franklin of the University of Haifa Zinman Institute of Archaeology, and Dr. Jennie Ebeling of the University of Evansville. The excavations uncovered a
472:
The "breathtaking views" that the site commands to the north and east are considered to have been of strategic importance during the Bronze and Iron Ages because the commercial and military highway from
1703:
1643:
501:
During the excavations, archaeologists collected pottery and other findings scattered all over the site. The earliest archaeological findings at the site date to the
1177:
Ram Gophna & Varda Shlomi (1997). "Some Notes on Early
Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Material from the Sites of 'En Jezreel and Tel Jezreel".
431:. They comply, throwing her out the window. They left her in the street where she was eaten by dogs. Only Jezebel's skull, feet, and hands remained.
441:
orders the death of 70 descendants of Ahab, and has their heads sent to the new king in
Jezreel and piled up in "two heaps at the gate entrance."
1532:
Jennie
Ebeling, Norma Franklin and Ian Cipin (December 2012). "JEZREEL REVEALED IN LASER SCANS: A Preliminary Report of the 2012 Survey Season".
1668:
858:
120:
799:
651:
and John
Woodhead led a dig at Jezreel. In 1987, a bulldozer working near the site accidentally uncovered ancient structures, and a
1648:
1611:
Howard
Smithline (2017). "עדות לפעילות בתקופת הברונזה הביניימית בתל יזרעאל / An Intermediate Bronze Age Presence at Tel Yizra'el".
1653:
67:
1673:
668:
Pursuant to evidence from this most recent excavation, Dr. Franklin further asserts that Jezreel likely contained both a
1303:
Piers Mitchell (1997). "Further Evidence of Disease in the Crusader Period Population of Le Petit Gérin (Tel Jezreel)".
603:
visited Jezreel in 1165 CE and reports that a Jewish man "a dyer by profession" lived there. It was the site of a large
937:
509:. Based on the findings, the site was inhabited as an unfortified settlement throughout the entire Bronze Age period.
1678:
1658:
1590:
Norma Franklin, Jennie Ebeling and Philippe Guillaume (2015). "An Ancient Winery In Jezreel / יקב יין קדום ביזרעאל".
872:"Itinerary from Bordeaux to Jerusalem — 'The Bordeaux Pilgrim' (333 A.D.)", translated by Aubrey Stewart, pub. in:
381:
631:
611:, the village of Ze'rin "became a central base for Arab forces" and was therefore conquered and the site cleared.
435:
1503:
Shawn Zelig Aster (April 2012). "The Function of the City of Jezreel and the Symbolism of Jezreel in Hosea 1–2".
408:
401:
837:
Nadav Na'aman, "Historical and Literary Notes on the Excavation of Tel Jezreel," Tel Aviv 24, 1987, pp. 122-128.
1030:
David Ussishkin & John Woodhead (1994). "Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1992–1993: Second Preliminary Report".
17:
1156:
David Ussishkin & John Woodhead (1997). "Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1994–1996: Third Preliminary Report".
457:
461:
1688:
1663:
361:, "one of the most famous of the royal residences of the kings of Israel", was in Jezreel, adjacent to the
541:
in the late 9th-century. The pottery found in the fortress during the dig all dates to this brief period.
608:
287:
1345:
David Ussishkin (2000). "The Credibility of the Tel Jezreel Excavations: A Rejoinder to Amnon Ben-Tor".
988:
David Ussishkin & John Woodhead (1992). "Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1990–1991: Preliminary Report".
350:
640:
1683:
1072:
Matthew Bradley (1994). "Preliminary Assessment of the Medieval Christian Burials from Tel Jezreel".
1432:
Piers D. Mitchell (2006). "Child Health in the Crusader Period Inhabitants of Tel Jezreel, Israel".
1135:
Piers Mitchell (1994). "Pathology in The Crusader Period: Human Skeletal Remains From Tel Jezreel".
599:(derived from the ancient name Jezreel). A "beautiful Crusader church still stands largely intact.
551:
322:
1698:
1482:
D. Ussishkin (2010). "Jezreel, the Fortress of Ahab and Jezebel / יזרעאל, מעוזם של אחאב ואיזבל".
1114:
Anthony D. Grey (1994). "The Pottery of the Later Periods from Tel Jezreel: an Interim Report".
374:
257:
1198:
Orna Zimhoni (1997). "Clues from the Enclosure-fills: Pre-Omride Settlement at Tel Jezreel".
400:, his wife, but "the hand of the Lord was upon Elijah" and he reached Jezreel ahead of Ahab (
725:
533:
but certainly active in the reigns of King Ahab and his consort Queen Jezebel and their son
396:, Elijah instructs Ahab to return home to Jezreel, where he would be reporting on events to
885:
Asher, Adolf, The Itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela, Hakesheath, New York, 1840, p. 80.
460:). Hosea also mentions, "In that day I will break Israel's bow in the Valley of Jezreel." (
705:
rock-cut channel; a deep circular basin that possibly functioned as additional vat; and a
8:
900:
737:
275:
269:
1261:
T.S.N. Moorhead (1997). "The Late Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad Periods at Tel Jezreel".
1240:
Nadav Na'aman (1997). "Historical and Literary Notes on the Excavation of Tel Jezreel".
1620:
1599:
1578:
1549:
1520:
1491:
1470:
1449:
1420:
1391:
1362:
852:
652:
600:
506:
1589:
1582:
1553:
1524:
1453:
1424:
1395:
1366:
534:
502:
416:
1574:
1708:
1693:
1570:
1545:
1541:
1512:
1441:
1412:
1383:
1354:
1333:
1312:
1291:
1270:
1249:
1228:
1207:
1186:
1165:
1144:
1123:
1102:
1081:
1060:
1039:
1018:
997:
976:
572:
448:
where God commands Hosea to name his son "Jezreel, because I will soon punish the
648:
592:
283:
248:
235:
1358:
1316:
1295:
1274:
1253:
1232:
1009:
Orna Zimhoni (1992). "The Iron Age Pottery from Tel Jezreel—An Interim Report".
895:
1461:
SAM MOORHEAD (2008). "The Coins from the excavations at Tel Jezreel (Israel)".
1211:
1190:
1022:
980:
692:
604:
564:
428:
354:
311:
279:
108:
1387:
1337:
1169:
1106:
1001:
452:
for the massacre at Jezreel, and I will put an end to the kingdom of Israel" (
370:
315:
1637:
1445:
1416:
1148:
1127:
1085:
1064:
847:
680:
king, which is all consistent with several claims regarding the story of the
449:
445:
135:
122:
1531:
1043:
619:
393:
1403:
Matthew Bradley (2006). "The Medieval Christian Cemetery at Tel Jezreel".
529:
Jezreel was a 9th-century BCE fortress possibly built during the reign of
1282:
Pinhas Porat (1994). "A Fragmentary Greek Inscription from Tel Jezreel".
1219:
Raz Kletter (1997). "Clay Figurines and Scale Weights from Tel Jezreel".
753:
749:
636:
486:
482:
94:
1624:
1603:
1561:
Donald T. Ariel (2014). "The Stamped Amphora Handles from Tel Jezreel".
1495:
1484:
Qadmoniot: A Journal for the Antiquities of Eretz-Israel and Bible Lands
1474:
1324:
Dag Oredsson (1998). "Jezreel—Its contribution to iron age chronology".
862:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 411.
677:
490:
330:
302:
624:
596:
588:
530:
453:
1374:
St John Simpson (2002). "Ottoman Pipes from Zir'in (Tell Jezreel)".
1516:
1155:
1093:
H. G. M. Williamson (1996). "Tel Jezreel and the Dynasty of Omri".
1029:
987:
696:
681:
669:
661:
538:
362:
938:"The Story of Naboth's Vineyard and the Ancient Winery in Jezreel"
555:, who visited the site in 333 CE, calls it by its Latinized name,
794:
David Ussishkin, "Jezreel—Where Jezebel Was Thrown to the Dogs",
576:
523:
519:
420:
397:
342:
326:
307:
204:
196:
665:
north and a moat 20' deep and rampart on the other three sides.
701:
685:
673:
424:
385:
366:
334:
212:
200:
98:
51:
1051:
Menakhem Shuval (1994). "A Seal Impression from Tel Jezreel".
851:
1176:
689:
478:
474:
346:
1592:
Beit Mikra: Journal for the Study of the Bible and Its World
341:'s daughter, being the first, Ahinoam being his second, and
967:
H.G.M. Williamson (1991). "Jezreel in the Biblical Texts".
706:
438:
412:
389:
358:
338:
291:
208:
192:
1704:
Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
752:, based on modern roads linking Mount Carmel with Kibbutz
591:-era village, a Crusader-period village belonging to the
286:. The city of Jezreel served as a main fortress of the
726:
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on 1 Kings 18
496:
1644:
Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC
537:. It was destroyed soon afterward, possibly by the
544:
262:
1092:
404:). Jezreel is around 50 km from Mount Carmel.
1502:
1431:
1239:
966:
896:"Northern views. Remains of the Tower of Jezebel"
828:David Ussishkin & John Woodhead (1994), p. 44
1635:
1610:
944:. Projects TABS (Torah and Biblical Scholarship)
676:near an installation made to house any visiting
571:). The fourth-century Christian nun and pilgrim
1560:
1402:
1373:
1344:
1260:
1113:
1071:
1050:
575:visited Jezreel and reported that "the tomb of
1302:
1134:
1481:
1460:
1323:
1281:
1197:
1008:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
1218:
931:
929:
927:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
595:, and a later Islamic period village named
582:
921:Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 2013
810:Ram Gophna, Varda Shlomi (1997), p. 74, 81
50:
1326:Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament
579:is stoned by everyone to this very day."
924:
846:
759:
635:"Remains of the Tower of Jezebel", 1926
630:
618:
301:
56:Tel Jezreel looking east toward Gilboa.
14:
1636:
297:
876:, vol. 1, London 1887, p. 17 (note 5)
559:, a word derived from the Greek form
1669:Former populated places in West Asia
497:Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods
252:
74:
24:
960:
25:
1720:
819:Howard Smithline (2017), p. 13–14
607:-era fortified tower. During the
545:Late Roman/Early Byzantine period
444:Jezreel is also mentioned in the
874:Palestine Pilgrim's Text Society
388:'s victory over the prophets of
73:
66:
1649:1987 archaeological discoveries
1575:10.1179/0031032814Z.00000000093
1563:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
1505:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1095:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
915:
888:
879:
866:
738:Pulpit Commentary on 1 Kings 18
325:, the city was the hometown of
1654:Archaeological sites in Israel
1546:10.5615/neareastarch.75.4.0232
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
743:
731:
719:
614:
373:). Ahab's capital remained in
274:'God will sow') is an
13:
1:
712:
321:Prior to the division of the
27:Archaeological site in Israel
549:The anonymous author of the
429:throwing her out of a window
419:, son of Ahab, he confronts
7:
1359:10.1179/tav.2000.2000.2.248
1317:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.169
1296:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.167
1275:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.129
1254:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.122
1233:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.110
796:Biblical Archaeology Review
512:
263:
10:
1725:
1674:Bronze Age sites in Israel
1212:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.83
1191:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.73
1023:10.1179/tav.1992.1992.1.57
981:10.1179/tav.1991.1991.1.72
740:, accessed 2 November 2017
728:, accessed 2 November 2017
684:alleged owner—a man named
587:Jezreel was the site of a
489:, the Jezreel Valley, and
467:
353:). According to the First
288:Northern Kingdom of Israel
1388:10.1179/lev.2002.34.1.159
1338:10.1080/09018329808585129
1170:10.1179/tav.1997.1997.1.6
1107:10.1179/peq.1996.128.1.41
1002:10.1179/tav.1992.1992.1.3
568:
423:in Jezreel and urges her
231:
223:
218:
188:
180:
172:
167:
159:
151:
136:32.5578528°N 35.3279528°E
114:
104:
90:
61:
49:
37:
35:
1679:Iron Age sites in Israel
1659:National parks of Israel
1534:Near Eastern Archaeology
1463:The Numismatic Chronicle
1446:10.1179/lev.2006.38.1.37
1417:10.1179/lev.2006.38.1.33
1149:10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.67
1128:10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.51
1086:10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.63
1065:10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.49
709:for collecting liquids.
583:Byzantine period to 1948
552:Itinerarium Burdigalense
384:, following the prophet
323:United Kingdom of Israel
294:in the 9th century BCE.
1044:10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.1
859:Encyclopædia Britannica
609:1947–1949 Palestine war
644:
628:
357:, the royal palace of
318:
141:32.5578528; 35.3279528
634:
622:
305:
224:Excavation dates
798:July / August 2010.
189:Associated with
1689:Tells (archaeology)
1664:Hebrew Bible cities
901:Library of Congress
639:by a member of the
349:, being his third (
298:Biblical references
276:archaeological site
132: /
82:Shown within Israel
32:
645:
629:
601:Benjamin of Tudela
507:5th millennium BCE
319:
30:
936:Franklin, Norma.
503:Wadi Raba culture
329:, second wife of
273:
261:
242:
241:
16:(Redirected from
1716:
1684:Canaanite cities
1628:
1607:
1586:
1557:
1528:
1499:
1478:
1457:
1428:
1399:
1370:
1341:
1320:
1299:
1278:
1257:
1236:
1215:
1194:
1173:
1152:
1131:
1110:
1089:
1068:
1047:
1026:
1005:
984:
954:
953:
951:
949:
933:
922:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
892:
886:
883:
877:
870:
864:
863:
855:
844:
838:
835:
829:
826:
820:
817:
811:
808:
802:
792:
757:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
623:Ruined tower at
570:
407:As recounted in
402:1 Kings 18:45–46
382:1 Kings 18:45–46
268:
266:
256:
254:
147:
146:
144:
143:
142:
137:
133:
130:
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128:
125:
77:
76:
70:
54:
39:
33:
29:
21:
1724:
1723:
1719:
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1713:
1634:
1633:
963:
961:Further reading
958:
957:
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945:
934:
925:
920:
916:
906:
904:
894:
893:
889:
884:
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871:
867:
853:"Jezreel"
845:
841:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
814:
809:
805:
793:
760:
748:
744:
736:
732:
724:
720:
715:
693:Book of 1 Kings
649:David Ussishkin
647:Archaeologists
641:American Colony
617:
593:Knights Templar
585:
547:
515:
499:
485:passed through
470:
427:to kill her by
314:in Jezreel, by
300:
284:northern Israel
278:in the eastern
238:, John Woodhead
236:David Ussishkin
140:
138:
134:
131:
126:
123:
121:
119:
118:
86:
85:
84:
83:
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57:
45:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:Jezreel Valley
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1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1608:
1587:
1569:(2): 135–148.
1558:
1540:(4): 232–239.
1529:
1517:10.1086/664451
1500:
1479:
1458:
1429:
1400:
1382:(1): 159–172.
1371:
1353:(2): 248–256.
1342:
1321:
1311:(1): 169–179.
1300:
1290:(1): 167–168.
1279:
1269:(1): 129–166.
1258:
1248:(1): 122–128.
1237:
1227:(1): 110–121.
1216:
1195:
1174:
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1111:
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1069:
1048:
1027:
1006:
985:
962:
959:
956:
955:
923:
914:
887:
878:
865:
850:, ed. (1911).
848:Chisholm, Hugh
839:
830:
821:
812:
803:
758:
742:
730:
717:
716:
714:
711:
700:of an ancient
616:
613:
584:
581:
546:
543:
514:
511:
498:
495:
469:
466:
409:2 Kings 9:1–37
351:1 Samuel 25:43
312:defenestration
299:
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280:Jezreel Valley
240:
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232:Archaeologists
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109:Jezreel Valley
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26:
18:Jezreel (city)
9:
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2:
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1597:
1594:(in Hebrew).
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1530:
1526:
1522:
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1514:
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1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:(139): 2–11.
1489:
1486:(in Hebrew).
1485:
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1348:
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1335:
1332:(1): 86–101.
1331:
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1230:
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1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:(1): 83–109.
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1201:
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417:King Jehoram
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394:Mount Carmel
379:
371:1 Kings 21:1
320:
310:executed by
244:
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160:Part of
42:
1598:(1): 9–18.
1469:: 453–474.
1164:(1): 6–72.
1038:(1): 1–48.
996:(1): 3–56.
948:29 December
800:Read Online
750:Google Maps
653:salvage dig
637:stereograph
615:Archaeology
483:Mesopotamia
345:, widow of
316:Gustav Doré
290:under king
253:יִזְרְעֶאל
245:Tel Jezreel
139: /
115:Coordinates
1638:Categories
907:5 November
713:References
682:vineyard's
522:corps and
491:Beth Shean
331:King David
219:Site notes
38:יִזְרְעֶאל
1583:161548862
1554:164143447
1525:222444555
1454:161170603
1425:162326646
1396:162396483
1367:162303636
697:vineyards
678:Israelite
589:Byzantine
531:King Omri
462:Hosea 1:5
454:Hosea 1:4
359:King Ahab
264:Yizrəʿʾel
258:romanized
227:1990-1996
1625:26190185
1619:: 1–16.
1604:24430214
1496:23685622
1475:42678782
1347:Tel Aviv
1305:Tel Aviv
1284:Tel Aviv
1263:Tel Aviv
1242:Tel Aviv
1221:Tel Aviv
1200:Tel Aviv
1179:Tel Aviv
1158:Tel Aviv
1011:Tel Aviv
990:Tel Aviv
969:Tel Aviv
754:Yizre'el
695:. While
690:Biblical
670:vineyard
627:, 1880s.
569:Έσδράηλα
561:Esdráēla
557:Stradela
539:Arameans
513:Iron Age
411:, after
363:vineyard
181:Material
95:Yizre'el
91:Location
43:Yizri'el
1709:Jezebel
1694:Omrides
605:Ottoman
577:Jezebel
524:cavalry
520:chariot
518:Ahab's
505:of the
487:Megiddo
468:History
425:eunuchs
421:Jezebel
398:Jezebel
375:Samaria
343:Abigail
327:Ahinoam
308:Jezebel
272:
260::
205:Ahinoam
197:Jezebel
176:Unknown
173:Builder
168:History
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31:Jezreel
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1613:Atiqot
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1405:Levant
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1376:Levant
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1137:Levant
1116:Levant
1074:Levant
1053:Levant
1032:Levant
702:winery
686:Naboth
674:winery
672:and a
625:Zir'in
597:Zir'in
573:Egeria
415:kills
386:Elijah
367:Naboth
335:Michal
306:Queen
249:Hebrew
213:Elijah
201:Naboth
155:palace
105:Region
99:Israel
1621:JSTOR
1600:JSTOR
1579:S2CID
1550:S2CID
1521:S2CID
1492:JSTOR
1471:JSTOR
1450:S2CID
1421:S2CID
1392:S2CID
1363:S2CID
565:Greek
479:Syria
475:Egypt
390:Ba'al
347:Nabal
184:stone
950:2017
909:2020
707:sump
481:and
439:Jehu
413:Jehu
339:Saul
292:Ahab
270:lit.
209:Jehu
193:Ahab
163:town
152:Type
1571:doi
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