Jewish culture - Knowledge

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Hermann Struck. The exhibition helped legitimize art as an expression of Jewish culture. According to Nadine Nieszawer, "Until 1905, Jews were always plunged into their books but from the first Russian Revolution, they became emancipated, committed themselves in politics and became artists. A real Jewish cultural rebirth". Individual Jews figured in the modern artistic movements of Europe— With the exception of those living in isolated Jewish communities, most Jews listed here as contributing to secular Jewish culture also participated in the cultures of the peoples they lived with and nations they lived in. In most cases, however, the work and lives of these people did not exist in two distinct cultural spheres but rather in one that incorporated elements of both.

95: 6475: 10304: 4087: 8514: 7262: 4791: 3967:, 92% of the World's Jewish population was Ashkenazi in origin. Secularism originated in Europe as series of movements that militated for a new, heretofore unheard-of concept called "secular Judaism". For these reasons, much of what is thought of by English-speakers and, to a lesser extent, by non-English-speaking Europeans as "secular Jewish culture" is, in essence, the Jewish cultural movement that evolved in Central and Eastern Europe, and subsequently brought to North America by immigrants. During the 1940s, the Holocaust uprooted and destroyed most of the Jewish communities living in much of Europe. This, in combination with the 6179: 5077: 9350: 6957: 7161: 6171: 3979: 9386: 4807: 10338: 8282: 7424:(Bizet himself was not Jewish but he married the elder Halevy's daughter, many have suspected that he was the descendant of Jewish converts to Christianity, and others have noticed Jewish-sounding intervals in his music). The Viennese librettist Victor Leon summarized the connection of Jewish composers and writers with the form of operetta: "The audience for operetta wants to laugh beneath tears—and that is exactly what Jews have been doing for the last two thousand years since the destruction of Jerusalem". Another factor in the evolution of musical theatre was 4699: 36: 9934: 7002: 6975: 4683: 10288: 10099:'s engagement with Hebrew reflected the Beat Generation's wider exploration of esoteric spiritual practices such as Zen, palm reading, astrology, kabbalah and psychedelic drugs. Born on Staten Island, Berman moved to Los Angeles where the Hebrew letters on storefront windows and in Yiddish-language newspapers fascinated him. According to historian Richard Candida Smith, "Berman's interest in the Hebrew alphabet and its functions in Jewish mysticism was part of an effort to reclaim his ethnic identity." In 1989, the painter 4735: 10261: 8930: 7016: 10329: 7759: 7350:…the Jewish experience has always been best expressed by music, and Broadway has always been an integral part of the Jewish American experience… The difference is that one can expand the definition of "Jewish Broadway" to include an interdisciplinary roadway with a wide range of artistic activities packed onto one avenue—theatre, opera, symphony, ballet, publishing companies, choirs, synagogues and more. This vibrant landscape reflects the life, times and creative output of the Jewish American artist. 4321: 9613: 3755: 6188: 9367: 6993: 11147: 9341: 9413: 4607: 6255: 5499: 9898: 9553: 4665: 6264: 9359: 4674: 17522: 16185: 6333: 9788: 10270: 4927:). Over the centuries, Jews have been poorly represented among land-holding classes, but far better represented in academia, professions, finance, commerce and many scientific fields. The strong representation of Jews in science and academia is evidenced by the fact that 193 persons known to be Jews or of Jewish ancestry have been awarded the Nobel Prize, accounting for 22% of all individual recipients worldwide between 1901 and 2014. Of whom, 26% in 2478: 4580: 6273: 5441: 11327: 16257: 9718: 10252: 9377: 10783: 7480: 16199: 11313: 9395: 7009: 4193: 9332: 6966: 17546: 5609: 4825:, European laws prevented Jews from owning land and gave them important incentives to go into professions that non-Jewish Europeans were unwilling to undertake. During the medieval period, there was a very strong social stigma against lending money and charging interest among the Christian majority. In most of Europe until the late 18th century, and in some places to an even later date, Jews were prohibited by 5234: 17534: 3788:, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of 4571: 6246: 10297: 6984: 6197: 4598: 4589: 4042:

to study topics pertaining to Jewish culture and its relation to other cultures, in havurot, cultural associations, and secular synagogues, and they participate in public and political action coordinated by secular Jewish movements, such as the former movement to free Soviet Jews, and movements to combat pogroms, discrimination, and religious coercion. Jewish secular

6371:, or it may be in the language of the surrounding cultures, such as English or German. Secular literature and theater in Yiddish largely began in the 19th century and was in decline by the middle of the 20th century. The revival of Hebrew beyond its use in the liturgy is largely an early 20th-century phenomenon, and is closely associated with 7581:, the acceptance of the outsider in society, the racial situation in the United States, the overcoming of obstacles through perseverance, and other topics pertinent to Jewish Americans and Western Jews in general, often using subtle and disguised stories to get this point across. For example, Kern, Rodgers, Hammerstein, the Gershwins, 10279: 7043: 4873:

in Aragon, etc. It was often for this reason that kings supported the Jews, and even objected to them becoming Christians (because in that case their fortunes earned by usury could not be seized by the crown after their deaths). Thus, both in England and in France the kings demanded to be compensated

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traditions and Jewish sources preserved over time. "Nevertheless the Jews practiced a corporeal expressive language that was highly differentiated from that of the non-Jewish peoples of their neighborhood, mainly through motions of the hands and arms, with more intricate legwork by the younger men."

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in 1563, which deals with a series of substances, many of them unknown or the subject of confusion and misinformation in Europe at this period. He was the first European to describe Asiatic tropical diseases, notably cholera; he performed an autopsy on a cholera victim, the first recorded autopsy in

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Today very many secular Jews take part in Jewish cultural activities, such as celebrating Jewish holidays as historical and nature festivals, imbued with new content and form, or marking life-cycle events such as birth, bar/bat mitzvah, marriage, and mourning in a secular fashion. They come together

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asked "What good actor of today is not Jewish?", acting, directing and writing positions were often filled by Jews. Both MacDonald and Jewish Tribal Review would generally be counted as antisemitic sources, but reasonably careful in their factual claims. "In Imperial Berlin, Jewish artists could be

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By 1910 Jews (the vast majority of them immigrants from Eastern Europe) already composed a quarter of the population of New York City, and almost immediately Jewish artists and intellectuals began to show their influence on the cultural life of that city, and through time, the country as a whole.

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A range of moral and political views is evident early in the history of Judaism, that serves to partially explain the diversity that is apparent among secular Jews who are often influenced by moral beliefs that can be found in Jewish scripture, and traditions. In recent centuries, secular Jews in

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experienced another crisis: it rarely held performances and did not have any premieres. Only in 2000, when it became a municipal theater, was it able to resume its activity. From 2000 to 2002, the theatre was headed by actor and musician Raziil Semenovich Ilyaguev (1945-2016), "Honored Worker of

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in the 20th century. There were many Jewish artists in the 19th century, but Jewish artistic activity boomed during the end of World War I. The Jewish artistic Renaissance has its roots in the 1901 Fifth Zionist Congress, which included an art exhibition featuring Jewish artists E.M. Lilien and

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says that "There would be no American musical without Jews… Their influence is corollary to the influence of black musicians on jazz; there were as many Jews involved in the form". Other writers, such as Jerome Caryn, have noted that musical theatre and other forms of American entertainment are

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The dichotomy between religion and culture doesn't really exist. Every religious attribute is filled with culture; every cultural act filled with religiosity. Synagogues themselves are great centers of Jewish culture. After all, what is life really about? Food, relationships, enrichment … So is

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was in Moscow in 1918) and was "closely linked with the Jewish national renaissance movement of the twentieth century. The historical awareness and the sense of primacy which accompanied the Hebrew theatre in its early years dictated the course of its artistic and aesthetic development". These

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and the founder and academic director of Meitar College for Judaism as Culture in Jerusalem, writes:" Secular Jewish culture embraces literary works that have stood the test of time as sources of aesthetic pleasure and ideas shared by Jews and non-Jews, works that live on beyond the immediate

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It would be ... pointless to look for consciously Jewish elements in the songs of Irving Berlin or the Hollywood movies of the era of the great studios, all of which were run by immigrant Jews: their object, in which they succeeded, was precisely to make songs or films which found a specific

6329:, Austria at the end of the 19th century, or of New York City 50 years later (and Los Angeles in the mid-late 20th century). Many of these creative Jews were not particularly religious people. In general, Jewish artistic culture in various periods reflected the culture in which they lived. 9852:

developed a distinctive style of finely wrought silver that is admired for its artistry. Johnson again summarizes this sudden change from a limited participation by Jews in visual art (as in many other arts) to a large movement by them into this branch of European cultural life:

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began to develop, loans became necessary for commerce and industry. Jews were able to gain a foothold in the new field of finance by providing these services: as non-Catholics, they were not bound by the ecclesiastical prohibition against "usury"; and in terms of Judaism itself,

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published his "First Diasporist Manifesto", a short book in which he analysed how his art was based on his alienation as a Jew born in Cleveland, Ohio and living in London. In 2007, a second illustrated stream of consciousness book followed, "The Second Diasporist Manifesto."

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Jews have also played a very important role in media other than painting; their involvement in sculpture came rather later, perhaps due to lingering feelings against "graven images". But there were many notable Jewish sculptors in the later 19th and 20th centuries, including

4408:(the Jewish Enlightenment) is indebted. He has been referred to as the father of Reform Judaism, though Reform spokesmen have been "resistant to claim him as their spiritual father". Mendelssohn came to be regarded as a leading cultural figure of his time by both 4168:

with Jewish philosophy. His work attempts to combine Plato and Moses into one philosophical system. He developed an allegoric approach of interpreting holy scriptures (the bible), in contrast to (old-fashioned) literally interpretation approaches. His allegorical

7970:. It was based on drama circles, which were led by Manashir and Khanum Shalumov. Initially, in the circle, men played the female roles. Later, women began to take part in the theatre. In 1939, the Judeo-Tat theatre was the winner of the festival of theatres in 7253:"was mostly a Jewish art form". The involvement of Jews in Central European theatre was halted during the rise of the Nazis and the purging of Jews from cultural posts, though many emigrated to Western Europe or the United States and continued working there. 3993:

Defining secular culture among those who practice traditional Judaism is difficult, because the entire culture is, by definition, entwined with religious traditions: the idea of separate ethnic and religious identity is foreign to the Hebrew tradition of an

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While orchestral and operatic music works by Jewish composers would in general be considered secular, many Jewish (as well as non-Jewish) composers have incorporated Jewish themes and motives into their music. Sometimes this is done covertly, such as the

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Likewise, while the modern musical can best be described as a fusion of operetta, earlier American entertainment and African-American culture and music, as well as Jewish culture and music, the actual authors of the first "book musicals" were the Jewish

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Andrews, D.J., A.H. Kassam. 1976. The importance of multiple cropping in increasing world food supplies. pp. 1–10 in R.I. Papendick, A. Sanchez, G.B. Triplett (Eds.), Multiple Cropping. ASA Special Publication 27. American Society of Agronomy, Madison,

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The strong Jewish tradition of religious scholarship often left Jews well prepared for secular scholarship. In some times and places, this was countered by banning Jews from studying at universities, or admitting them only in limited numbers (see

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In fact, however, the next generation of American Jews spoke mainly English to the exclusion of Yiddish; they brought the artistic energy of Yiddish theater into the American theatrical mainstream, but usually in a less specifically Jewish form.

3929:, from the Biblical Hebrew – but, adapting this idea to Enlightenment values, they assimilated the concept as that of an ethnic group whose identity did not depend on religion, which under Enlightenment thinking fell under a separate category. 7304:. Jewish immigrants were instrumental in the creation and development of the genre of musical theatre and earlier forms of theatrical entertainment in America, and would innovate the new, distinctly American, art form, the Broadway musical. 4112:

The ancient Jewish philosophy is expressed in the bible. According to Prof. Israel Efros the principles of the Jewish philosophy start in the bible, where the foundations of the Jewish monotheistic beliefs can be found, such as the belief in

8265:(2017) can be given as an example of a movie with Jewish sensibility. Jewish film festivals are nowadays conducted in many major cities around the world as vehicles of introducing such films to wider audiences, including among others the 12911: 4766:

embody complicated relationships between politics, Judaism and feminism. While Diaspora Jews have also been represented on the conservative side of the political spectrum, even politically conservative Jews have tended to support

8981:(in that order), the Jewish contribution to the European music scene steadily increased, but in the form of mainstream European music, not specifically Jewish music. Notable examples of Jewish Romantic composers (by country) are 7312:

has commented that "More so than behind the screen, the talent behind the stage was for over half a century virtually the monopoly of one ethnic group. That is... feature which locates Broadway at the center of Jewish culture".

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In the early 20th century the traditions of New York's vibrant Yiddish Theatre District both rivaled and fed into Broadway. In the English-speaking theatre Jewish émigrés brought novel theatrical ideas from Europe, such as the

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However, in almost every instance where large amounts were acquired by Jews through banking transactions the property thus acquired fell either during their life or upon their death into the hands of the king. This happened to

7122:." This article also mentions other aspects of a New York Jewish cultural life "in full flower" at that time, among them the fact that the extensive New York Yiddish-language press of the time included seven daily newspapers. 5111:

known chiefly as the inventor of an astronomical ring-dial by means of which solar and stellar altitudes can be measured and the time determined with great precision by night as well as by day. Other related personalities are

9631:, but generally refers to the more recent stream of verbal, frequently self-deprecating and often anecdotal humor originating in Europe. Jewish humor took root in the United States over the last hundred years, beginning with 7113:

article remarks, "…Yiddish theater… is now a stable American institution and no longer dependent on immigration from Eastern Europe. People who can neither speak nor write Yiddish attend Yiddish stage performances and pay

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In some places where there have been relatively high concentrations of Jews, distinct secular Jewish subcultures have arisen. For example, ethnic Jews formed an enormous proportion of the literary and artistic life of

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in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were generally non-religious, and one of the historical leaders of the Bund was the child of converts to Christianity, though not a practicing or believing Christian himself.

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In 2004, Lev Yakovlevich Manakhimov (1950-2021), "Honored Artist of the Republic of Dagestan," became the artistic director of the theatre. After the death of Manakhimov, Boris Yudaev became the head of the theatre.

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Jews also made similar, if not as massive, contributions to theatre and drama in Austria, Britain, France, and Russia (in the national languages of those countries). Jews in Vienna, Paris and German cities found

7793:, where Jews were relatively free from persecution and had both flourishing religious and secular Jewish cultures. All of these early Hebrew plays were about Biblical or mystical subjects, often in the form of 11458:("One hundred years of Yiddish/Jewish theater in Romania"), 2nd Romanian-language edition, revised and augmented by Constantin Măciucă. Editura Integral (an imprint of Editurile Universala), Bucharest (1998). 12482:

Einstein, Albert (May 1, 1935), "Professor Einstein Writes in Appreciation of a Fellow-Mathematician", New York Times (May 5, 1935), retrieved April 13, 2008. Online at the MacTutor History of Mathematics

4007: 9925:. The delay in participation in the visual arts parallels the lack of Jewish participation in European classical music until the nineteenth century, and which was progressively overcome with the rise of 4056: 11297:, the first of the two aforementioned stereotypes more frequently have the negatively interpreted equivalents of guile and greed. In South Korean primary schools, students are required to read the 7981:, most of the actors were drafted into the army. Many theatre actors died in the war. In 1943, the theatre resumed its work, and in 1948 it was closed. The official reason was its unprofitability. 4955: 4990:, and the astronomy of classical antiquity more generally. The Bible also contains various cleansing rituals. One suggested ritual, for example, deals with the proper procedure for cleansing a 4033: 5002:), involving extensive cleansing and personal hygiene, but also includes sacrificing a bird and lambs with the addition of using their blood to symbolize that the afflicted has been cleansed. 4986:

provides sporadic glimpses that may be stitched together to form a Biblical impression of the physical universe. There have been comparisons between the Bible, with passages such as from the

4783:. This lack of a universalizing religion is combined with the fact that most Jews live as minorities in diaspora countries, and that no central Jewish religious authority has existed since 13379: 3877:

While there has been communication and traffic between these Jewish communities, many Sephardic exiles blended into the Ashkenazi communities which existed in Central Europe following the

9848:. Some of these were illustrated by Jewish artists and some by Christians; equally some Jewish artists and craftsmen in various media worked on Christian commissions. Outside of Europe, 8214:. However, few of these brought a specifically Jewish sensibility either to the art of film or, with the sometime exception of Spielberg, to their choice of subject matter. The historian 5146:

was a German-born theoretical physicist and is considered one of the most prominent scientists in history, often regarded as the "father of modern physics". His revolutionary work on the

13739: 8965:(the work of the former is considered the beginning of "Jewish art music"). After Jews were admitted to mainstream society in England (gradually after their return in the 17th century), 9857:

Again, the arrival of the Jewish artist was a strange phenomenon. It is true that, over the centuries, there had been many animals (though few humans) depicted in Jewish art: lions on

9065:. During the 20th century the number of Jewish composers and notable instrumentalists increased, as did their geographical distribution. Sample Jewish 20th-century composers include 7750:

is a contemporary organization that includes both American and international theaters that focus on theater with Jewish content. It has also expanded to include Jewish playwrights.

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in Eastern Europe provoked a surge of migration, in large part to the United States, where some 2 million Jewish immigrants resettled between 1880 and 1920. By 1931, shortly before

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education inculcates universal moral values through classic Jewish and world literature and through organizations for social change that aspire to ideals of justice and charity.

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In general, however, in most religiously traditional communities, members of the opposite sex dancing together or dancing at times other than at these events was frowned upon.

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In the late twentieth century, prominent composers like Morton Feldman, Gyorgy Ligeti or Alfred Schnittke gave significant contributions to the history of contemporary music.

7880:, the meaning of Jewishness, and contemporary secular-religious tensions within Jewish Israel. The most well-known Hebrew theatre company and Israel's national theatre is the 7554:

was instituted in 1947, approximately 70% of nominated scores and 60% of winning scores were by Jewish composers. Of successful British and French musical writers both in the

12785: 9635:, and continuing through radio, stand-up, film, and television. A significant number of American comedians have been or are Jewish. Notable Jewish-American comedians include 6406:(winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize), form their own canon, focusing on the Jewish experience in both Eastern Europe, and in America. In the United States, Jewish writers like 13599: 10712:. The company is known for specializing in horror fiction, crime fiction, satire, military fiction and science fiction from the 1940s through the mid-1950s, notably the 7514:. From that time until the 1980s a vast majority of successful musical theatre composers, lyricists, and book-writers were Jewish (a notable exception is the Protestant 1116: 17143: 8084: 3935:

writes of the existence of "a differentiated but not isolated Jewish spirit" permeating the culture of Yiddish-speaking Jews. This was only intensified as the rise of

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from Israel. There are some genres and forms of classical music that Jewish composers have been associated with, including notably during the Romantic period French

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Jewish philosophy includes all philosophy carried out by Jews, or in relation to the religion of Judaism. The Jewish philosophy is extended over several main eras in

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Beside Scientific discoveries and researches, Jews have created significant and influential innovations in a large variety of fields such as the listed samples:

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In the era when Yiddish theatre was still a major force in the world of theatre, over 100 films were made in Yiddish. Many are now lost. Prominent films included

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by the popes. Christian rulers gradually saw the advantage of having a class of men like the Jews who could supply capital for their use without being liable to

9181:, and this type of Jewish reference was most common during the 19th century when openly displaying one's Jewishness would most likely hamper a Jew's chances at 7984:

In the 1960s, the theatre resumed its activities and experienced its second heyday. The actress, Akhso Ilyaguevna Shalumova (1909-1985), "Honored Artist of the

12999: 12062: 6414:, and many others are considered among the greatest American authors, and incorporate a distinctly secular Jewish view into many of their works. The poetry of 1694: 8102: 7915:. Judeo-Tat theatre. Derbent, USSR. 1984. First row - from left to right: Katya, Bikel Matatova. Second row - from left to right: musician Israel Izrailov, 4301:

who is considered in the Jewish world to be a prominent philosopher and polymath in the Islamic and Western worlds. Outside of Spain, other philosophers are

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that contains invitations to admire the wisdom of God through his works; from this, some scholars suggest, Judaism harbors a Philosophical under-current and

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and contributed to the national literature of many of the countries in which they live. Though not strictly secular, the Yiddish works of authors like

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by the church for every Jew converted. This type of royal trickery was one factor in creating the stereotypical Jewish role of banker and/or merchant.

2444: 13142: 13099: 7086:. Within a decade, Goldfaden and others brought Yiddish theater to Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Germany, New York City, and other cities with significant 6391:

at most times, while assimilated Jews in 19th and early 20th-century Germany spoke German, and American-born Jews in the United States speak English.

4137:; its author seeks to understand the place of human beings in the world and life's meaning. Other writings related to philosophy can be found in the 208: 13407: 7192:, and eventually film. Jewish audiences patronized innovative theater, regardless of whether they approved of what they saw." The British historian 7094:, performing original plays, musicals, and Yiddish translations of theatrical works and opera. Perhaps the most famous of Yiddish-language plays is 3780:, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, 15689: 14250: 9518:

Deriving from Biblical traditions, Jewish dance has long been used by Jews as a medium for the expression of joy and other communal emotions. Each

7327: 5467:, establishing its central role in the analytic process. Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the 1231: 10760:

was an American cartoonist and was known as one of the earliest cartoonists to work in the American comic book industry. He is the creator of the

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are only some of the prominent Jewish playwrights in American theatrical history. Approximately 34% of the plays and musicals that have won the

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Jewish communities in Eastern Europe continued to display distinct cultural traits over the centuries. Despite the universalist leanings of the

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uniquely indebted to the contributions of Jewish Americans, since "there might not have been a modern Broadway without the "Asiatic horde" of

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Yiddish theater in New York in the early 20th century rivalled English-language theater in quantity and often surpassed it in quality. A 1925

18762: 14762: 13161: 8351:, Jewish stand-up comedians have been icons of American television. Other Jews that held a prominent role in early radio and television were 8012: 7985: 7137:, also played a prominent role in the arts scene of the Soviet Union until Stalin's 1948 reversal in government policy toward the Jews. (See 5028:

During Medieval era astronomy was a primary field among Jewish scholars and was widely studied and practiced. Prominent astronomers included

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countries, but Jews are viewed in an especially positive light in some of them, partly owing to their shared wartime experiences during the

6558:. It boasts masterpieces that have had a considerable influence on all of western culture, Jewish culture included – works such as those of 5065:

Ha-Nasi authored the first European book to include the full solution to the quadratic equation x2 – ax + b = 0, and influenced the work of

18107: 17557: 13711: 6669: 4689: 16039: 13979: 11624: 10950: 3615: 718: 681: 12953: 12294: 11492:, undated (2002 or later) on MyJewishLearning.com, reprinted from the National Foundation for Jewish Culture. Accessed 11 February 2006. 14557: 13549: 12823: 10064:'s father was Jewish or Lutheran. Among major artists Chagall may be the most specifically Jewish in his themes. But as art fades into 6375:. Apart from the use of Hebrew in Israel, whether a Jewish community will speak a Jewish or non-Jewish language as its main vehicle of 5996: 5581:. Described by many prominent scientists as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she revolutionized the theories of 4895: 3560: 14266: 14187: 11270:. Within the Jewish community, philo-Semitism includes an interest in Jewish culture and a love of things that are considered Jewish. 8323:, largely religious, broadcasts only three hours a week), Jews have been involved in American television from its earliest days. From 5103: 18677: 7323: 6319: 1657: 14504: 8893:

Jewish musical contributions also tend to reflect the cultures of the countries in which Jews live, the most notable examples being

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of American comic books, the Jewish role was overwhelming and a large number of the medium's foremost creators have been Jewish.

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wrote musicals and operas aiming to normalize societal toleration of minorities and urging racial harmony; these works included

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movement under way in Central and Western Europe to create an opportunity for Jews to enter secular society. At the same time,

2437: 1607: 1542: 1424: 14346: 13603: 9893:. But the resistance of pious Jews to portraying the living human image was still strong at the beginning of the 20th century. 5073:

the following equation for any circle: S = LxR/2, where S is the surface area, L is the circumference length and R is radius.

18617: 15180: 14396: 13826: 12754: 12530: 4936: 4392:. Mendelssohn has been described as the "'third Moses,' with whom begins a new era in Judaism," just as new eras began with 4238: 728: 13506: 11943: 8151: 5455:, is one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. In creating psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating 5044:, charting the positions of the Sun, Moon and five planets. His work served Portugal's exploration journeys and was used by 17133: 12931:

The Klezmer Company Breaks New Ground with Orchestral Klezmer Production "Jewish Broadway with Orchestra and Chorus" at FAU

12025:"Plant Growth, Flowering Phenologies, and Yields of Corn, Beans and Squash Grown in Pure Stands and Mixtures in Costa Rica" 7300:, whose teachings would influence many Jewish American acting teachers such as the Yiddish theatre-trained acting theorist 6021: 1166: 15089: 13349: 11482: 15200: 15195: 14619: 13582: 11968: 10514: 10318: 10303: 7282: 4768: 3855: 3819: 3772:, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an 1434: 1251: 1241: 481: 12264: 12230: 12196: 12136: 4886:

had long ago re-interpreted the Torah's ban on charging interest, allowing interest when it is needed to make a living.

16012: 14889: 12119: 11282: 9421: 8383:. In the analysis of Paul Johnson, "The Broadway musical, radio and TV were all examples of a fundamental principle in 8270: 7906: 7551: 7240:, experimental and sexually daring. But it was certainly not revolutionary, and it was cosmopolitan rather than Jewish. 7175:

to World War II, Jews were very active and sometimes even dominant in certain forms of European theatre, and after the

1830: 1780: 1745: 1439: 1304: 1171: 14074: 11502: 7518:, who acknowledged that the reason he was so successful on Broadway was that he wrote what he called "Jewish music"). 18782: 16237: 15040: 14894: 14456: 14436: 14131: 13867: 13777: 13265: 12444: 11463: 10998: 10801: 9593: 9185:. During the 20th century, however, many Jewish composers wrote music with direct Jewish references and themes, e.g. 8308:, respectively. These Jewish innovators were also among the first producers of televisions, both black-and-white and 7619:. Towards the end of Golden Age, writers also began to openly and overtly tackle Jewish subjects and issues, such as 5562: 5018: 4829:

governments (and others) from owning land. On the other hand, the Church, because of a number of Bible verses (e.g.,

3882: 2678: 2430: 1522: 1484: 1459: 1379: 1364: 1211: 1151: 1106: 79: 57: 14162: 12996: 12070: 7547: 6351:. It comprises cultural values, basic human values, mythology and religious beliefs of both Judaism and Christianity 50: 18612: 17973: 14949: 14857: 10990: 8966: 8406: 7704: 7398:; the latter four eventually moved to the United States and produced their works on the New York stage. One of the 7233: 6675: 6591: 5889: 5475:

as wish-fulfillments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the mechanisms of

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in India; to some degree, many of these Jewish populations were cut off from the cultures which surrounded them by

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until the 19th century, with a very few exceptions, normally enabled by specific aristocratic protection, such as

5487:, an energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a 5459:

through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of

4995: 3885:, giving rise to the characteristic Syrian-Jewish family name "Ashkenazi"; Iraqi-Jewish traders formed a distinct 18712: 18647: 17692: 17345: 16114: 15308: 14476: 13659:

Candida Smith, Richard. (2023). "Utopia and Dissent," Ch 9 Wallace Berman on Public Culture in the Kennedy Years.

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while Christians emphasize choral singing." Many of these writers used the musical to explore issues relating to

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Jewish role was significant as well and many of most influential figures and pioneers of the theory were Jewish:

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was a pioneering figure in the creation of the modern comic book when in 1935 he published the first one called

5013:(Lev. 19:19, Deut 22:9), a practice often associated with sustainable agriculture and organic farming in modern 17903: 16784: 14990: 14550: 14516: 13490: 12667: 9824: 7801: 7747: 7278: 7149: 7090:

populations. Between 1890 and 1940, over a dozen Yiddish theatre groups existed in New York City alone, in the

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In North America, the secular and cultural Jewish movements are divided into three umbrella organizations: the

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increasing readership to more than two million during its 1970s circulation peak. Other known cartoonists are

7428:, and during the early 20th century the form was explored and expanded by Jewish comedians and actors such as 6355:

Literary and theatrical expressions of secular Jewish culture may be in specifically Jewish languages such as

4866: 94: 18056: 16091: 15412: 13058: 12930: 12518: 11377: 10714: 10041: 9456:. Popular music as of today for the Jewish World at large mainly stems from Israeli Music, more specifically 8934: 8048: 6869: 6474: 6057: 5460: 4903: 4160:

aspired to combine Jewish religious tradition with elements of Greek culture and philosophy. The philosopher

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socio-cultural context within which they were created. They include the writings of such Jewish authors as

4998:). It is a fairly elaborate process, which is to be performed after a leper was already healed of leprosy ( 4837:, declared that charging any interest was against the divine law, and this prevented any mercantile use of 4020:— it's essentially great theater. Jewish education and religiosity bereft of culture is not as interesting. 3867: 3734: 3593: 1835: 1755: 1718: 1642: 1587: 1454: 1429: 1354: 1329: 1319: 1258: 1181: 1176: 1156: 1146: 1126: 1111: 1004: 708: 472: 467: 12632: 11209:

all come from various other cultures. The amalgam of these foods, plus uniquely Jewish contributions like

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community developed its own dance traditions for wedding celebrations and other distinguished events. For

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in the United States and Europe. Some music, however, is unique to particular Jewish communities, such as

7944:, "The Burn for Burn," and staged it in honor of schoolteacher Nagdimuna ben Simona's (Shimunov) wedding. 18073: 17584: 17432: 16119: 16104: 14985: 14845: 14429:

Jewish Film Directory: a guide to more than 1200 films of Jewish interest from 32 countries over 85 years

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SUPERMAN IS JEWISH?: How Comic Book Superheroes Came to Serve Truth, Justice, and the Jewish-American Way

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Book (ru:«Самородки Дагестана») – "Gifted of Dagestan". Author: I. Mikhailova. Makhachkala, Russia. 2014.

10160: 8420: 8266: 8260: 7719:. Jewish playwrights have also contributed to non-musical drama and theatre, both Broadway and regional. 7539: 7142: 7130: 5350: 5199: 4842: 4310: 4090: 4086: 4081: 3653: 3381: 2597: 1825: 1820: 1775: 1728: 1414: 1384: 1344: 1339: 1196: 502: 12000:"The Bible and Astronomy; An Exposition of the Biblical Cosmology, and Its Relations to Natural Science" 7816:, giving the characters Jewish names and transplanting the plot and setting to within a Jewish context. 7569:

One explanation of the affinity of Jewish composers and playwrights to the musical is that "traditional

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Culture of the Republic of Dagestan." For the next two years the theatre was headed by Alesya Isakova.

7371: 7367: 7261: 6315: 5725: 5709: 5669: 5602: 5514: 4987: 4721: 4652: 4122: 4075: 3944: 3264: 2660: 2622: 2592: 2299: 2144: 1852: 1246: 442: 432: 168: 10417:(the AA Group). The publication is known for the creation of several superheroes such as the original 9811:

have also been excavated in synagogues from Late Antiquity in Israel and Palestine, especially of the

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The area where Jewish influence was strongest was the theatre, especially in Berlin. Playwrights like

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is generally dependent on how isolated or assimilated that community is. For example, the Jews in the

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community developed its own dance traditions for wedding celebrations and other distinguished events.

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as being intelligent, business savvy and committed to family values and responsibilities, but in the

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did not apply to Jews, they were not liable to the ecclesiastical punishments which were placed upon

3785: 3689: 3643: 2764: 2617: 2607: 2413: 2106: 1957: 1898: 789: 13624: 13444: 13115: 12170: 11638: 10239: 9349: 6956: 5076: 3925:-speaking Jews in Eastern Europe continued to see themselves as forming a distinct national group — 18692: 18420: 18182: 18142: 18132: 18080: 17538: 17447: 17437: 17340: 17138: 16839: 16109: 15940: 15239: 15114: 11799: 11777: 11186: 11157: 11014: 10807: 9819:, show evidence of a reaction against images of living creatures around 600 CE. The decoration of 8954: 8894: 8579: 8071: 7740: 7293: 7091: 6611: 5777: 5677: 5554: 5476: 4932: 4790: 4729: 2987: 2563: 2116: 2096: 1206: 686: 227: 44: 14228: 13158: 12950: 5263:, often considered the "father of the atomic bomb", was chosen to direct the Manhattan Project at 5017:. The Mosaic code has provisions concerning the conservation of natural resources, such as trees ( 18808: 18470: 18378: 17677: 17672: 17258: 16518: 16488: 16422: 16407: 16062: 16051: 15645: 15566: 15271: 15170: 15109: 14995: 14968: 13063: 12976: 12609: 12522: 10665: 10441:. Donenfeld and Liebowitz were also the owners of National Allied Publications which distributed 9882: 9840:

literature also contain textual and graphic art, most famously illuminated haggadahs such as the

9830: 9178: 9070: 8617: 7609: 7519: 7391: 7359: 7346:, or Washington, D.C." Likewise, in the analysis of Aaron Kula, director of The Klezmer Company, 7297: 6452: 6340: 6006: 5925: 5761: 5418: 5402: 5307: 4616: 4461: 3871: 3727: 3714: 3512: 2862: 2570: 2558: 2257: 2247: 2212: 2091: 2081: 1864: 1035: 977: 811: 490: 447: 162: 13708: 12415: 9385: 8428:. Jews have also played an enormous role among the creators and writers of television comedies: 8162:

The roster of Jewish entrepreneurs in the English-language American film industry is legendary:

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was named in his honor, and is given to recognize achievements each year in the comics medium.

10747: 10693: 10033: 9981: 9902: 9815:, which was apparently acceptable in a low-status position on the floor. Some, such as that at 9773: 9732:

Despite fears by early religious communities of art being used for idolatrous purposes, Jewish

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dance performed by members of the Rina Nikova ballet in the citadel of Jerusalem - 1 May 1946.

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More recently, American Jews have been instrumental to "novelistic" television series such as

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to name just a few, and continuing into recent times with such industry giants as super-agent

6178: 4477: 18752: 18727: 18657: 18340: 18068: 17841: 17799: 17769: 17462: 17380: 17253: 17077: 16955: 16900: 16890: 16880: 16754: 16610: 16562: 16452: 16417: 16294: 16274: 16230: 16124: 16045: 15827: 15534: 15417: 15158: 15148: 15141: 15126: 15012: 12419: 12109: 11739: 11409: 11345: 10901: 10849: 10605: 10385:, as expressed in the art of comics, has been a key field for Jewish artists as well. In the 9873:; there were carved animals, too, on timber synagogues in eastern Europe – indeed the Jewish 9833: 9712: 9182: 9006: 8858: 8850: 8593: 8255: 8007:

In the 1970s, the People's Judeo-Tat theatre was organized. For many years, its director was

7829: 7578: 7193: 7138: 6810: 6511: 6403: 5741: 5641: 5550: 5257: 4453: 4441: 4413: 4294: 3781: 3032: 2665: 2655: 2648: 2267: 2262: 2207: 1995: 910: 638: 625: 520: 237: 14363: 14304: 13639:"Semina Culture: Wallace Berman and his Circle at the Grey Art Gallery, New York University" 13557: 13380:"The Anti-Gospel of Lenny, Larry and Sarah: Jewish Humor and the Desecration of Christendom" 12505:

Ne'eman, Yuval (1999), "The Impact of Emmy Noether's Theorems on XXIst Century Physics", in

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have written Hebrew-language plays. Themes that are obviously common in these works are the

6170: 4787:. Jews value education, and the value of education is strongly embedded in Jewish culture. 3338: 3306: 18747: 18502: 18415: 18393: 18316: 18312: 18241: 18157: 18102: 18097: 17920: 17764: 17653: 17457: 17427: 17335: 17325: 17263: 17243: 17172: 16965: 16950: 16910: 16804: 16437: 16432: 16159: 16149: 15652: 14624: 13600:"artnet Galleries: A House in Safed by Yitzhak Frenkel-Frenel from Jordan-Delhaise Gallery" 13523: 12377: 11120: 11094: 10986: 10703:, of whom were and are influenced by events in Jewish history and elements of Jewish life. 10669: 10660: 10510: 10337: 10053: 9526:

in Eastern Europe, for example, dances, whose names corresponded to the different forms of

8888: 8802: 8739: 8685: 8653: 8425: 8281: 8090: 7837: 7495: 7309: 6873: 6854: 6838: 6830: 6737: 6307: 5897: 5713: 5705: 5594: 5590: 5566: 5513:, a mathematician and physicist, made major contributions to a number of fields, including 5210:. His work also effected and influenced a large variety of fields of physics including the 5207: 5167: 5131: 5049: 5014: 4966:, made a crucial contribution to the discovery of DNA's structure, when she discovered its 4725: 4349: 3914: 3843: 3777: 3419: 3348: 3343: 3274: 2942: 2932: 2338: 2290: 2030: 1888: 701: 566: 555: 513: 13698:, Lehman, Steve, The Tibetans: A Struggle to Survive (New York: How Town / Umbrage), 1998. 13221:

Musakhanova G. B. Judeo-Tat literature. Makhachkala: Dagestan Book Publishing House, 1993.

13010:(Five Leaves Publications), extracted on myjewishlearning.com. Accessed February 12, 2006. 8393:

on which to set their mark, before other interests had a chance to take possession, erect

7962:

In 1935, the first Soviet Union theatre opened in Derbent, which included three troupes –

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found in the forefront of the performing arts, from high drama to more popular forms like

7160: 5240:(nuclear test). A large number of Jewish scientists were involved in the Manhattan Project 4853:, and so the money trade of western Europe by this means fell into the hands of the Jews. 4016:

Jewish life. So many of our traditions inherently contain aspects of culture. Look at the

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Roden, Claudia (1996). "The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York”.

13120: 12940:. Florida Atlantic University press release, February 8, 2005. Accessed 11 February 2006. 12663: 12641: 12514: 12411: 11785: 11290: 11128: 11100: 11080: 10970: 10771: 10738: 10732: 10423: 10354: 10109: 9989: 9914: 9812: 9753: 9575: 9030: 8942: 8663: 8506: 8171: 8065: 7924: 7912: 7888:, and re-established in 1917 in Russia; another prominent Israeli theatre company is the 7800:. During the post-Emancipation period in 19th-century Europe, many Jews translated great 7621: 7603: 7314: 7305: 7172: 6846: 6814: 6762: 6711: 6695: 6629: 6498: 6303: 5598: 5586: 5578: 5518: 5426: 5338: 5330: 5299: 5195: 5159: 4878: 4870: 4838: 4814: 4772: 4698: 4634: 4489: 4250: 4214: 4157: 4060: 4029: 3956: 3878: 3299: 3254: 3057: 2982: 2670: 2391: 2086: 764: 631: 534: 527: 457: 345: 220: 16885: 14109: 12381: 9917:

that spread throughout Europe with the Napoleonic conquests. There were exceptions, and

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was unusual for an American television series, there were a few other examples, such as

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as an agency disruptive of conscious states of mind. Freud postulated the existence of

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Petrou, David Michael (1978). The Making of Superman the Movie, New York: Warner Books

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Jewish cooking combines the food of many cultures in which Jews have lived, including

10906: 6005:- automobile pioneer, inventor of the first petroleum-powered car (56 years after the 5636:, his contributions were central to the discovery of the high surface temperatures of 18818: 18622: 18524: 18512: 18497: 18477: 18388: 18335: 18307: 18289: 18092: 17968: 17961: 17774: 17722: 17700: 17628: 17550: 17395: 17288: 17278: 17113: 17050: 17045: 16945: 16935: 16930: 16749: 16744: 16729: 16724: 16709: 16704: 16687: 16677: 16662: 16635: 16625: 16537: 16530: 16513: 15923: 15854: 15736: 15721: 15504: 15375: 15340: 14629: 14452: 14432: 14402: 14392: 14047: 13863: 13773: 13403: 13261: 12750: 12536: 12526: 12440: 12310: 12115: 11575: 11459: 11340: 11044: 10720: 10663:. There is also a large number of Jewish characters among comics superheroes such as 10621: 10524: 10358: 10194: 9841: 9781: 9761: 9652: 9291: 9273: 9264: 9255: 9220: 9205: 9194: 9150: 9142: 9110: 9066: 9018: 9014: 8769: 8462: 8175: 8114: 8027: 8001: 7901: 7675:

The ranks of prominent Jewish producers, directors, designers and performers include

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and Jewish sacred texts. In medieval times the Jewish poetry was mainly expressed by

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during the 20th century. When first published, relativity superseded a 200-year-old

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during weddings and other occasions. The result was a lack of a Jewish presence in

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many Jews continued to that cultural form. For example, in pre-Nazi Germany, where

7134: 7115: 7071: 6822: 6783: 6731: 6716: 6478: 6463: 6435: 6430:). Other famous Jewish authors that made contributions to world literature include 6360: 6215: 6002: 5973: 5861: 5857: 5765: 5729: 5721: 5701: 5629: 5574: 5510: 5480: 5414: 5406: 5346: 5319: 5268: 5136: 5113: 4940: 4917: 4883: 4862: 4858: 4715: 4473: 4449: 4397: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4246: 4230: 4198: 4165: 3999: 3684: 3598: 3545: 3294: 3111: 2952: 2821: 2729: 2627: 2612: 2553: 2513: 2490: 2356: 2237: 2197: 2161: 1859: 1409: 920: 676: 580: 495: 385: 177: 14387:(1981). "In Memory of Emmy Noether". In Brewer, James W; Smith, Martha K. (eds.). 13834: 13503: 11673: 10260: 9961: 9160: 7413: 7236:, appeared at times to dominate the stage, which tended to be modishly left-wing, 7225: 7197: 7001: 4734: 4428:

comprised both secular and religious philosophy and included philosophers such as

18757: 18697: 18582: 18430: 18425: 18403: 18323: 18277: 18034: 17988: 17886: 17863: 17846: 17819: 17604: 17502: 17497: 17422: 17283: 17238: 17228: 17155: 17150: 17087: 17060: 17035: 17005: 17000: 16980: 16975: 16759: 16734: 16667: 16525: 15899: 15894: 15706: 15633: 15466: 15437: 15360: 15350: 15313: 15288: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15079: 15074: 15064: 15049: 14840: 14757: 14724: 14682: 14672: 14520: 14508: 13857: 13767: 13715: 13586: 13510: 13477: 13353: 13334: 13200: 13165: 13146: 13103: 13067:, August 4, 1957. Reproduced on leonardbernstein.com. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13027: 13003: 12983: 12957: 12937: 12894: 12789: 12744: 12604: 11999: 11489: 11355: 11202: 11178: 11075: 11006: 10939: 10820: 10762: 10689: 10656: 10632: 10502: 10419: 10410: 10362: 10287: 10230: 10212: 10152: 10129: 9993: 9985: 9973: 9953: 9937: 9933: 9926: 9756:

form the first known examples of "Jewish art". During the first centuries of the

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band music that many critics and observers believe lies in the third movement of

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often touches on Jewish themes (notably the early autobiographical works such as

6399: 6384: 6368: 6356: 6336: 6233: 6148: 6097: 6093: 6029: 5945: 5833: 5737: 5717: 5661: 5645: 5625: 5468: 5456: 5390: 5311: 5143: 5127: 5108: 4913: 4850: 4784: 4497: 4465: 4385: 4306: 4258: 4153: 3982: 3827: 3610: 3540: 3482: 3434: 3313: 3216: 3079: 2867: 2794: 2739: 2734: 2602: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2518: 2501: 2318: 2277: 2272: 2252: 2174: 2168: 2101: 2053: 1893: 1874: 1025: 754: 666: 649: 193: 13305: 11882: 11266:, and their culture and the influence of Judaism, particularly on the part of a 10829:, an American humor magazine. It was widely imitated and influential, affecting 8929: 7015: 4682: 18787: 18707: 18662: 18602: 18567: 18272: 18177: 18085: 17876: 17710: 17633: 17298: 17223: 17218: 17188: 17092: 17025: 16849: 16829: 16392: 16309: 16203: 16178: 15999: 15906: 15844: 15832: 15812: 15726: 15716: 15684: 15677: 15657: 15628: 15600: 15595: 15561: 15471: 15395: 15385: 15323: 15121: 15069: 14980: 14975: 14737: 14732: 14667: 14596: 13365: 13346: 12813:

propagandists had claimed since 1927 that he was a "Jewish Bolshevik", though).

11900: 11360: 11332: 11318: 11263: 11243: 11238: 11226: 11182: 11168: 11035: 10994: 10890: 10854: 10825: 10816: 10795: 10685: 10677: 10597: 10593: 10520: 10406: 10401: 10366: 10168: 10133: 10096: 10089: 10085: 10069: 10065: 10037: 10025: 10013: 10009: 9977: 9664: 9636: 9523: 9429: 9106: 9090: 9082: 9058: 9038: 9034: 8994: 8958: 8826: 8759: 8744: 8729: 8724: 8648: 8602: 8584: 8546: 8489: 8479: 8376: 8368: 8348: 8195: 8167: 8163: 8096: 7967: 7889: 7881: 7869: 7865: 7845: 7833: 7762: 7712: 7708: 7696: 7627: 7615: 7597: 7543: 7511: 7358:, a precursor the musical, often featured the work of Jewish composers such as 7229: 7217: 7205: 7109: 6944: 6890: 6818: 6747: 6664: 6654: 6595: 6559: 6555: 6543: 6431: 6426: 6415: 6130: 6010: 5985: 5977: 5965: 5917: 5869: 5849: 5681: 5673: 5621: 5573:

was an influential mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to

5538: 5522: 5452: 5410: 5386: 5323: 5295: 5287: 5088: 5057: 5029: 4979: 4826: 4776: 4751: 4549: 4417: 4377: 4373: 4361: 4333: 4320: 4290: 4242: 4174: 4146: 4102: 4017: 3835: 3831: 3813: 3709: 3632: 3166: 2897: 2857: 2700: 2690: 2523: 2418: 2217: 2072: 1952: 1908: 1903: 1881: 1869: 1464: 945: 879: 844: 822: 759: 597: 575: 437: 416: 392: 158: 140: 13691: 13579: 12841:"Broadway Celebrates 100 Years of National Yiddish Theatre Tonight – Playbill" 12725: 11976: 10631:. Many of those involved in the later ages of comics are also Jewish, such as 10328: 10278: 9612: 9530:

music that were played, were an obvious staple of the wedding ceremony of the

8319:

Although there is little specifically Jewish television in the United States (

8312:. Among the Jewish immigrant communities of America there was also a thriving 7042: 5310:

and was head of the Theoretical Division at the secret Los Alamos laboratory;

4954: 3754: 18802: 18742: 18627: 18542: 18487: 18347: 18267: 18162: 18012: 18005: 17898: 17851: 17744: 17600: 17507: 17492: 17477: 17452: 17442: 17370: 17330: 17198: 17070: 16834: 16814: 16779: 16699: 16640: 16620: 16605: 16579: 16493: 16442: 15972: 15817: 15744: 15551: 15485: 15458: 15407: 15355: 15328: 15303: 15293: 15054: 15000: 14934: 14914: 14904: 14899: 14872: 14818: 14747: 14692: 14028: 12695: 12540: 12140: 12094:"Zacuto, Abraham" in Glick, T., S.J. Livesy and F. Williams, editors, (2005) 11844: 11781: 11752: 11579: 11294: 11071: 11049: 11039: 11030: 11002: 10880: 10870: 10767: 10583: 10578: 10473: 10469: 10461: 10449: 10427: 10176: 10172: 10156: 10148: 10117: 10113: 10073: 10045: 9997: 9945: 9918: 9849: 9648: 9511: 9457: 9453: 9445: 9366: 9309: 9242: 9175: 9130: 9122: 9118: 9102: 9037:. There were very many notable Jewish violin and pianist virtuosi, including 9002: 8998: 8974: 8962: 8918: 8898: 8810: 8792: 8788: 8774: 8749: 8643: 8622: 8560: 8497: 8441: 8437: 8344: 8301: 8298: 8228: 8215: 8199: 8191: 8077: 7933: 7853: 7841: 7732: 7700: 7680: 7676: 7523: 7483: 7457: 7403: 7270: 7266: 7237: 7101: 6992: 6881: 6806: 6758: 6690: 6680: 6634: 6575: 6563: 6551: 6535: 6494: 6447: 6348: 6139: 6121: 6085: 6045: 5981: 5941: 5885: 5841: 5825: 5805: 5793: 5789: 5693: 5653: 5448: 5358: 5291: 5282: 5276: 5227: 5187: 5045: 5010: 4810: 4763: 4643: 4513: 4509: 4485: 4481: 4445: 4433: 4421: 4409: 4369: 4254: 4233:

which is the first systematic presentation and philosophic foundation of the

4025: 3964: 3863: 3839: 3769: 3429: 3186: 3116: 2912: 2907: 2887: 2882: 2784: 2769: 2508: 2366: 2361: 1567: 1494: 1020: 869: 864: 859: 849: 827: 779: 541: 380: 285: 247: 198: 17569: 13950:

Jacobson, Howard (March 5, 2005). "Up, up and oy vey". The Times (UK). p. 5.

11863: 11146: 10049: 9952:

During the early 20th century, Jews figured particularly prominently in the

9340: 8533:. Variously acclaimed as one of the greatest television series of all time, 3903:, and the traditional discouragement of contact between Jews and members of 18777: 18577: 18482: 18328: 18302: 18211: 17893: 17881: 17829: 17789: 17784: 17648: 17643: 17472: 17417: 17405: 17390: 17360: 17273: 17213: 16819: 16503: 16483: 16478: 16427: 15952: 15749: 15711: 15672: 15261: 15005: 14944: 14924: 14884: 14867: 14835: 14823: 14784: 14702: 14677: 14406: 13891: 13078: 12672: 12506: 11825: 11676:. Undated. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Accessed February 11, 2006. 11510: 11278: 11116: 11106: 10981: 10976: 10960: 10955: 10924: 10834: 10786: 10776: 10743: 10640: 10558: 10536: 10485: 10437: 10382: 10221: 10203: 10144: 10017: 9969: 9965: 9957: 9878: 9688: 9680: 9672: 9656: 9620: 9607: 9501: 9433: 9412: 9318: 9210: 9134: 9074: 9054: 8946: 8906: 8882: 8870: 8588: 8529: 8501: 8467: 8387:

history: Jews opening up a completely new field in business and culture, a

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during Easter-Passover celebrations; the rival gangs were to be Jewish and

7652: 7582: 7570: 7503: 7437: 7395: 7301: 7249:

both a popular and effective means of expression, as German cabaret in the

7213: 6935: 6798: 6787:. This literature has been composed by both religious and secular authors. 6701: 6606: 6571: 6531: 6507: 6254: 6157: 6109: 6105: 6089: 6037: 5989: 5969: 5957: 5949: 5921: 5913: 5873: 5853: 5845: 5813: 5809: 5753: 5697: 5685: 5570: 5498: 5464: 5398: 5362: 5253: 5249: 5237: 5179: 5163: 5053: 5041: 4975: 4948: 4944: 4924: 4759: 4625: 4606: 4501: 4134: 4130: 4105:, including the ancient and biblical era, medieval era and modern era (see 3851: 3847: 3497: 3492: 3408: 2922: 2847: 2789: 2582: 2396: 2222: 2063: 2058: 2016: 1969: 1063: 930: 915: 874: 839: 452: 294: 14139: 13395: 9897: 6263: 6187: 4664: 4133:

that is often considered to be the only genuine philosophical work in the

18717: 18465: 18460: 18452: 18437: 18262: 18167: 17978: 17814: 17779: 17759: 17739: 17717: 17682: 17482: 17385: 17355: 17040: 16498: 16397: 16304: 15962: 15477: 15402: 15380: 15283: 14877: 14806: 14801: 14789: 14779: 14442: 13801: 12962: 12806: 12792:, on the site of The Jewish Museum, New York. Accessed February 12, 2006. 11421: 11382: 11222: 11134: 11025: 10843: 10833:

media as well as the cultural landscape of the 20th century, with editor

10757: 10699: 10673: 10652: 10648: 10574: 10554: 10125: 10061: 10021: 10005: 9874: 9804: 9745: 9676: 9668: 9640: 9437: 9358: 9186: 9138: 9046: 8866: 8846: 8830: 8822: 8778: 8764: 8734: 8690: 8674: 8658: 8632: 8574: 8564: 8542: 8538: 8475: 8457: 8445: 8429: 8389: 8332: 8236: 8179: 7805: 7720: 7692: 7688: 7642: 7586: 7563: 7515: 7491: 7453: 7433: 7046: 6908: 6742: 6706: 6599: 6587: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6443: 6439: 6420: 6411: 6407: 6081: 6073: 6049: 6014: 5953: 5905: 5757: 5689: 5542: 5488: 5422: 5191: 5095: 4822: 4775:. Some scholars attribute this to the fact that Jews are not expected to 4469: 4365: 4341: 4266: 4226: 4210: 4206: 4182: 3940: 3936: 3910: 3391: 3146: 2947: 2927: 2381: 2323: 1988: 894: 889: 884: 854: 11567: 7819:

Modern Hebrew theatre and drama, however, began with the development of

6272: 4673: 4185:. Other scholars, however, deny direct influence but say both Philo and 18248: 18236: 18206: 18172: 18112: 17794: 16547: 16325: 16056: 15763: 15345: 14939: 14687: 14609: 13695: 13428: 13230:

P. Agarunov. Theatrical art of Mountain Jews. // Magazine "Minyan", №5.

13020: 12986:, Center for Jewish History, April 16, 2004. Accessed February 12, 2006 12810: 12048: 12024: 11254:

is an interest in, respect for and an appreciation, or in some cases a

11124: 11054: 11020: 10934: 10929: 10751: 10636: 10540:. Stan Lee attributed the Jewish role in comics to the Jewish culture. 10494: 10481: 10396: 10370: 10350: 10100: 9820: 9800: 9787: 9757: 9749: 9700: 9660: 9632: 9481: 9477: 9232: 9078: 9050: 8986: 8842: 8834: 8814: 8801:. There is also a significant role of Jews in acting by actors such as 8709: 8704: 8627: 8493: 8453: 8449: 8433: 8372: 8360: 8324: 8232: 8227:

A more specifically Jewish sensibility can be seen in the films of the

7736: 7429: 7425: 7096: 7051: 6649: 6644: 6523: 6332: 6206: 6077: 6065: 6017: 5961: 5929: 5909: 5865: 5829: 5769: 5745: 5665: 5633: 5430: 5370: 5315: 5303: 5171: 5123: 4738: 4540: 4531: 4493: 4437: 4401: 4329: 4314: 4298: 4262: 4114: 4094: 4003: 3759: 3466: 3386: 3181: 3156: 2957: 2937: 2837: 2039: 1053: 982: 940: 769: 749: 308: 215: 135: 11918: 11078:. Several companies producing animation were founded by Jews, such as 7809: 6793:

is expressed by various of poets in different eras of Jewish history.

5256:

and many Jewish scientists had a significant role in the project. The

4579: 2477: 99: 18682: 18519: 18254: 18216: 17809: 17623: 17375: 16774: 15977: 15442: 15333: 15244: 14862: 14796: 14265:. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from 13368:, Le Site Genevois de la Musique Klezmer. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13356:, Le Site Genevois de la Musique Klezmer. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13189: 12389: 11274: 11255: 10708: 10544: 10489: 10454: 10269: 10121: 10081: 10077: 9862: 9465: 9461: 9094: 8838: 8818: 8754: 8612: 8471: 8411: 8356: 7885: 7790: 7724: 7684: 7591: 7479: 7449: 7445: 7180: 7176: 7087: 7083: 6579: 6467: 6376: 6364: 6101: 6069: 6041: 5937: 5933: 5821: 5733: 5546: 5440: 5183: 5175: 5155: 4830: 4755: 4337: 4118: 3823: 3773: 3101: 2842: 2754: 2202: 2187: 1277: 1225: 987: 935: 925: 606: 602: 592: 507: 267: 14813: 14513: 12040: 10251: 9865:

capitals, birds on the rim of the fountain-basis in the 5th century

9717: 955: 18672: 18368: 18189: 18017: 17932: 17871: 17834: 15696: 15638: 15583: 15578: 15249: 14535: 14002: 13589:. European Jewish Press, July 19, 2005. Accessed February 12, 2006. 11218: 11066: 10862: 10838: 10782: 10644: 10616: 10611: 10570: 10549: 10506: 10492:

created a large variety of characters and cultural icons including

10477: 10346: 9890: 9837: 9760:, Jewish religious art also was created in regions surrounding the 9376: 9215: 9163: 9155: 8523: 8484: 7971: 7963: 7923:. Third row - from left to right: Ilizir Abramov, Anatoly Yusupov, 7813: 7786: 7399: 7355: 7056: 6926: 6842: 6639: 6617: 6482: 6344: 6053: 5837: 5657: 5649: 5613: 5530: 5526: 5492: 5378: 5354: 5211: 4991: 4405: 4170: 4106: 4043: 3986: 3952: 3918: 3904: 3376: 3211: 3171: 3141: 3096: 3027: 2717: 2371: 1981: 1913: 744: 252: 203: 14321:"The Genealogy of Morals", Part I, Section 16, tr. Walter Kaufmann 13032:

Machar, The Washington Congregation for Secular Humanistic Judaism

11326: 9394: 6797:

is related to the poetry in biblical times as it expressed in the

5549:

and the development of the computer, he suggested and described a

18587: 18442: 18354: 16246: 15911: 15795: 15790: 15780: 15768: 15588: 15573: 15517: 15452: 15427: 15390: 15254: 14929: 14828: 14752: 14644: 14570: 14530: 13550:"GW Libraries at the George Washington University – GW Libraries" 11267: 11214: 11210: 11161: 10601: 10431: 10164: 10001: 9886: 9628: 9535: 9527: 9331: 9171: 9010: 8950: 8910: 8607: 8555: 7948: 7937: 7936:

took place in December 1903, when Asaf Agarunov, a teacher and a

7797: 7655:

and historical American racism. The original concept that became

7461: 7246: 7185: 7082:

in 1876. The next year, his troupe achieved enormous success in

7079: 7063: 7008: 6983: 6965: 6547: 6388: 6380: 6372: 6025: 5471:

as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. His analysis of

5151: 4928: 4780: 4425: 4222: 4192: 3922: 3842:

were largely spread among various communities which lived in the

3818:

There has not been a political unity of Jewish society since the

3449: 3439: 3191: 3176: 3126: 3062: 3007: 2977: 2877: 2779: 2749: 2707: 2695: 2685: 2347: 2313: 2182: 1976: 965: 960: 832: 723: 618: 614: 610: 359: 354: 331: 313: 188: 183: 173: 151: 126: 103: 10742:. Jewish artists that are associated with the publisher include 7196:, commenting on Jewish contributions to European culture at the 7075: 5608: 4117:, the separation of god and the world and nature (as opposed to 18607: 16557: 15982: 15849: 15785: 14481: 13761: 13759: 13757: 11298: 11206: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11060: 10875: 10866: 10858: 10830: 10587: 10562: 9816: 9808: 9769: 9737: 9531: 7991: 7794: 7782: 7778: 7633: 7574: 7465: 7408: 7339: 7331: 6865: 6802: 6326: 5484: 5248:

was a research and development project that produced the first

5233: 5170:

and their fundamental interactions, along with ushering in the

5061:

is named after Zacuto's name. The mathematician and astronomer

5033: 4588: 4234: 4218: 4142: 4126: 3960: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3444: 3318: 3206: 3201: 3136: 3131: 3106: 3086: 3067: 3052: 3017: 3012: 2992: 2972: 2967: 2892: 2852: 2744: 2007: 2002: 1962: 1947: 1058: 950: 370: 336: 322: 257: 12805:, pg. 479. New York: Harper Perennial. – Erwin Piscator was a 10167:; in installation art and street art some notable figures are 5640:

and known for his contributions to the scientific research of

5166:. In the field of physics, relativity improved the science of 4570: 4125:. Other biblical writings that associated with philosophy are 18572: 18562: 18557: 18029: 18024: 15933: 15928: 15882: 15837: 15758: 15753: 15017: 14772: 14742: 13709:

http://www.imj.org.il/exhibitions/2008/realtime/Meromi_e.html

11604:. Vol. 1. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson. pp. 343–347. 11189:

styles of cooking, all influenced by the need for food to be

11151: 11086: 10944: 10566: 10565:. It was also suggested the Superman is partly influenced by 10530: 10374: 10296: 9922: 9870: 9858: 9765: 9624: 9623:

is the long tradition of humor in Judaism dating back to the

8394: 8156: 7956: 7884:(meaning "the stage" in Hebrew), which was formed in 1913 in 7873: 7189: 6245: 6033: 5637: 5472: 5337:

governed by a set of equations he developed now known as the

5006: 4846: 4834: 4522: 4404:

philosopher to whose ideas the renaissance of European Jews,

4393: 4178: 4164:

used philosophical allegory to attempt to fuse and harmonize

4161: 3577: 3196: 3151: 3091: 3037: 3022: 2917: 970: 399: 303: 272: 13754: 8541:. Simon also served as executive producer, head writer, and 8316:

radio, with its "golden age" from the 1930s to the 1950s.

7892:, which is "Israel's first and leading repertory theatre". 18702: 16032: 14566: 14525: 13627:, Jewish Virtual Library, 2005. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13193: 12096:

Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia

11426:

Not in the Heavens: The Tradition of Jewish Secular Thought

11259: 10895: 10498: 9866: 9777: 9473: 6781:

Another aspect of Jewish literature is the ethical, called

6456:

was revealed by a 2007 poll as the "Best Dutch Book Ever".

5374: 3943:

across Europe generally. Thus, for example, members of the

3072: 3042: 2997: 2832: 122: 16215: 13707:

See: Ohad Meromi in the online exhibition "Real Time" <

13204: 12297:. May 20, 2015. Archived from the original on May 20, 2015 6196: 4750:, and played key roles in the birth of the 19th century's 4597: 4388:. A new era began in the 18th century with the thought of 13159:

Biblical Thematics in Stage Design for the Hebrew Theatre

12870: 12703: 12546: 12486: 11776:

The section on banking is drawn largely from the article

11713: 9803:

from the later Roman period have Jewish motifs. Several

8290: 7412:(not an operetta proper but rather a work of the earlier 6113: 5881: 5801: 4974:

The early Jewish activity in science can be found in the

4741:, Georgia's first Jewish senator for the Democratic Party 4332:

was expressed by philosophers, mainly in Europe, such as

3161: 14333:, Volume 4 by Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley 14180: 12901:, October 2004 Vol. 86 No.2. Accessed February 11, 2006. 12824:

Jewish cabaret singer brings songs of Berlin to Berkeley

12134: 18687: 14486: 14448:

An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood

12700:: The cult French novel that inspired George RR Martin" 11969:"Rosalind Franklin's contributions to the study of DNA" 4412:

and Jews. The Jewish Enlightenment philosophy included

13493:, NBC News, July 20, 2005. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13333:, p. 17. New York: Ktav Publishing House (1969). Each 12783:

Berlin Metropolis: Jews and the New Culture, 1890–1918

10916:

is the creator of several animation TV series such as

10547:

Jewish role was significant as well; the character of

8510:

breathed new life into the variety show in the 1970s.

4241:

included many influential Jewish philosophers such as

4213:

most of the Jewish philosophy concentrated around the

3826:

populations were always geographically dispersed (see

3808:

Tombstones from a Jewish cemetery, 13th century, Paris

12977:

The Persecution of Creativity: Jews, Music and Vienna

9141:. The most prolific composers of this genre included 8397:

or professional fortifications and deny them entry."

7940:, staged a story by Naum Shoykovich, translated from 7464:. During the period when Broadway was monopolized by 7273:, watching auditions at the St. James Theatre in 1948 6387:

of New York City during the early 20th century spoke

4464:. The 20th century included the notable philosophers 13480:

on MyJewishLearning.com. Accessed February 12, 2006.

13097:

The Development of Israeli Theatre– a brief overview

11308: 9534:. Jewish dances both were influenced by surrounding 4978:

where some of the books contain descriptions of the

1986: 1967: 390: 13976:"Top 10 Jewish Marvel & DC Comics' Superheroes" 13731:"Show and Tel Aviv: Israel's artistic coastal city" 13079:"Jewish Recipients of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama" 10569:, and other Jewish elements. More at DC Comics are 9776:was the only survivor, prior to its destruction by 8015:," singer, actor and playwright. His successor was 7152:continues to thrive after 50 years of performance. 6402:(whose collected works amounted to 28 volumes) and 4813:(1772–1823) was one of the most influential of the 4797:, first Jewish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 14497:News and reviews about Jewish literature and books 14190:, retrieved April 7, 2015, from My Jewish Learning 13729: 13306:"JEWISH MUSIC INSTITUTE – Western Classical Music" 11919:"Rosalind Franklin :: DNA from the Beginning" 11530: 11528: 10312: 9827:shows a mixture of Jewish and Hellenistic motifs. 9009:during this time were native not to what is today 7988:" returned to the theatre. She played the role of 7637:also tackles relations between Jews and Gentiles. 7354:In the 19th and early 20th centuries the European 4771:more consistently than many other elements of the 14464:Jewish Public Culture in the Late Russian Empire. 13258:Interesting Times : A Twentieth-Century Life 12877:, Winter/Spring 2000. Accessed February 11, 2006. 12830:, September 27, 1996. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12746:Modern Musar: Contested Virtues in Jewish Thought 10068:, Jewish names and themes become more prominent: 9921:was a prominent portrait painter in 18th-century 9166:very loosely connected to the Jewish experience. 8094:(1935), the biggest Yiddish film hit of all time 5491:, the source of repetition, hate, aggression and 18800: 14218: 13694:, John Levy, "Review of The Tibetans", photo 8, 13526:, Jewish Art Network. Accessed January 14, 2010. 12410: 12368:(1960). "Stimulated optical radiation in ruby". 12315:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 12262: 12228: 12194: 11406:Understanding Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism 10912:In animation, there were many Jewish animators: 9616:Jerry Seinfeld performing at a show in July 2019 5479:as well as for elaboration of his theory of the 4746:Europe and the Americas have tended towards the 4352:. His work has earned him recognition as one of 13366:Yiddish, Klezmer, Ashkenazic or 'shtetl' dances 13347:Yiddish, Klezmer, Ashkenazic or 'shtetl' dances 13059:Theater: West Side Story; The Growth of an Idea 12592: 11525: 9861:curtains, owls on Judaic coins, animals on the 7743:were written and composed by Jewish Americans. 4348:and laying the groundwork for the 18th-century 4177:and some scholars hold that his concept of the 14526:Heeb – an online magazine about Jewish culture 14296: 14221:"Stuffed Cabbage: A Comfort Food for All Ages" 14163:"The Secret Jewish History Of Steven Universe" 13769:Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels 13217: 13215: 13213: 12921:. Thomson Gale. UC Irvine (CDL). March 9, 2006 12513:, Israel Mathematical Conference Proceedings, 12023:Risch, Stephen J.; Hansen, Michael K. (1982). 11534:Malkin, Y. "Humanistic and secular Judaisms." 11428:, Princeton University Press, 2011, pp.5–6, 15 6833:is mostly related to the era of and after the 4970:with a backbone consisting of phosphate groups 17599: 17585: 16231: 14551: 14370:. April 23, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2014. 14302: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13236: 12828:The Jewish News Weekly of Northern California 12464: 12258: 12256: 12190: 12188: 11997: 10472:, a company to be known, since the 1960s, as 9560:The examples and perspective in this section 7753: 7342:(a Jewish ghetto before it was a black one), 7265:Rodgers (left) and Hammerstein (right), with 6670:The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay 4181:as God's creative principle influenced early 3989:in traditional clothing. Photo taken in 1900. 3735: 2438: 14482:The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism 14466:Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009. 14391:. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 99–111. 14389:Emmy Noether: A Tribute to Her Life and Work 14202:"Why are Israeli Jews obsessed with hummus?" 13802:"Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Famous Funnies" 13668: 12668:"My hero: Maurice Druon by George RR Martin" 12224: 12222: 12137:"The proof of Rabbi Abraham Bar Hiya Hanasi" 11556:"Introduction to Philosophy" by Dr Tom Kerns 10561:, is partly based on the biblical figure of 8949:, with the exception of the performances of 7468:and similar entertainments, Jewish producer 5597:explains the fundamental connection between 16040:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 14353:. May 12, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2014. 14219:Eileen M. Lavine (September–October 2011). 13210: 13034:, June 2, 2005. Accessed February 15, 2006. 12975:Dr. Kenneth Libo Ph. D and Michael Skakun, 12504: 12128: 12022: 11944:"Rosalind Franklin: A Crucial Contribution" 11883:"Jewish Recipients of the ACM Turing Award" 11483:The Emergence of a Jewish Cultural Identity 10052:, who like the other two also painted. One 8945:, virtually all Jewish music in Europe was 8410:was set in a specifically Jewish milieu in 7256: 4196:The opening page of Spinoza's magnum opus, 4008:Institute for Jewish and Community Research 3529: 682:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire 17592: 17578: 16238: 16224: 14558: 14544: 14383: 14347:Why South Koreans are in love with Judaism 14160: 13953: 13636: 13260:, Knopf Publishing Group, pp. 10–11, 13233: 12966:, May 7, 2004. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12726:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Literature" 12492: 12253: 12185: 11456:O sută de ani de teatru evriesc în România 10553:, which was created by the Jewish artists 10302: 10295: 9578:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 8063:(1931), the first Yiddish musical on film 7550:of musical theatre were Jewish. Since the 6497:, Professor of Aesthetics and Rhetoric at 6394:Jewish authors have both created a unique 5997:List of Israeli inventions and discoveries 4896:List of Jewish scientists and philosophers 4065: 4028:, Professor of Aesthetics and Rhetoric at 3975:, resulted in a further geographic shift. 3742: 3728: 2445: 2431: 14424:. New York: Ktav Publishing House (1969). 14341: 14339: 13662: 13513:. Livius.org. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12888:The Arts: A Jewish Street Called Broadway 12439: 12219: 12101: 11845:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry" 10353:(right) made a major contribution to the 9772:on the walls of synagogues, of which the 9594:Learn how and when to remove this message 8223:expression for 100 per cent Americanness. 7573:was most often led by a single singer, a 6320:List of Jews in literature and journalism 4889: 4709: 4032:and the founder and academic director of 3854:; and other populations of Jews lived in 80:Learn how and when to remove this message 14587:Index of Jewish history-related articles 14487:Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations 13255: 13224: 13172:, Section C, no. 11 (July 1999), p. 141 12742: 12063:"Science in Medieval Jewish Scholarship" 12002:. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston. 11864:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Medicine" 11568:"Middle Platonism – Philo of Alexandria" 11145: 10781: 10139:In photography some notable figures are 9932: 9896: 9786: 9716: 9611: 9505: 9411: 9013:but the outer provinces of the Empire), 8928: 8549:produced the fifth and sixth seasons of 8512: 8280: 8150: 8053:List of Jewish American media executives 7919:, Avshalum Nakhshunov, Raziil Ilyaguev, 7905: 7757: 7478: 7472:dominated the theatrical scene with his 7260: 7159: 7041: 6473: 6458: 6331: 6283: 5607: 5502:The first functioning laser, created by 5497: 5439: 5232: 5075: 4953: 4805: 4789: 4733: 4319: 4191: 4085: 4057:Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations 3977: 3907:populations by their religious leaders. 3803: 3753: 93: 43:This article includes a list of general 16086:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 14723: 14514:The Bezalel Narkiss Index of Jewish Art 14243: 14212: 14003:"Don Markstein's Toonopedia: EC Comics" 13915: 11901:"Jewish Recipients of the Fields Medal" 11826:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Physics" 11608: 11572:The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10534:(including many of its characters) and 10453:. That company was also a precursor of 9877:was the prototype of the modern Jewish 9460:. Popular Jewish artists today include 8452:all wrote for Sid Caesar; Reiner's son 8276: 8155:Steven Spielberg at a movie premier in 7823:in Europe (the first Hebrew theatrical 5104:Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India 4356:'s most important thinkers; Others are 14: 18801: 14336: 14249: 13973: 13765: 13727: 13630: 12662: 12656: 12364: 11998:Kurtz, J. H.; Simonton, T. D. (1857). 11599: 9889:in 1920, was similar to Chagall's own 8517:Israeli television studio in the 1950s 7947:In 1918, a drama studio was opened in 5353:radiation, which helped establish the 4010:, said of traditional Jewish culture: 17573: 16219: 14539: 14259:A sweet start to the Jewish New Year" 14199: 14075:"What Became of Childhood Innocence?" 14000: 13889: 13799: 13491:Did Christians copy Jewish catacombs? 13377: 12693: 12687: 12630: 12624: 12107: 11687:"A Jewish Fight for Public Education" 11614: 11565: 9432:were predominantly Jewish, including 8218:described the situation as follows: 7828:traditions were soon transplanted to 5620:More remarkable contributors include 5198:. Einstein formulated the well-known 5080:German edition of the astronomy book 4239:Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain 4034:Meitar College for Judaism as Culture 17533: 17134:Role of Christianity in civilization 14565: 14502:Festival of Jewish Theater and Ideas 14477:The center for Jewish Art Collection 14451:. The Crown Publishing Group, 1988. 14072: 14029:"A short biography - WillEisner.com" 13855: 12769:Melamed, S.M., "The Yiddish Stage", 12743:Claussen, Geoffrey D. (April 2022). 12353:Freud: The Theory of the Unconscious 12340:Freud: The Theory of the Unconscious 12111:The Equation that Couldn't Be Solved 12090: 12088: 10060:; historians disagree as to whether 9980:), and after World War II among the 9546: 8285:IBA Kol Israel Heleni Radio Studios 7895: 5084:, originally by Mashallah ibn Athari 4801: 4173:was important for several Christian 3917:(and its echo within Judaism in the 3830:), so that by the 19th century, the 29: 17545: 13522:Roza Bieliauskiene and Felix Tarm, 13126:Could not access February 12, 2006. 12600:"Leading Dutch writer Mulisch dies" 12433: 12263:Will, Clifford M (August 1, 2010). 12229:Will, Clifford M (August 1, 2010). 12195:Will, Clifford M (August 1, 2010). 10319:List of Jewish American cartoonists 8559:. More remarkable contributors are 8414:. While the overt Jewish milieu of 7773:drama was written around 1550 by a 7651:is a sensitive exploration of both 7330:, and singers that grew out of the 7283:List of Jewish American playwrights 7155: 6845:era and succeeded by poets such as 5098:Jewish physician, was a pioneer of 4951:in mathematics were or are Jewish. 4939:. In the fields of mathematics and 24: 16033:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 16013:American Jewish Historical Society 14492:Global Directory of Jewish Museums 14414: 13916:Hoffman, Jordan (April 29, 2012). 13602:. December 3, 2013. Archived from 12912:"Early Broadway's un-Jewish Jews." 12608:. November 1, 2010. Archived from 11674:Judaism and Democracy: The Reality 11615:Yalom, Irvin (February 21, 2012). 11289:. In general, Jews are positively 10286: 10277: 10268: 10259: 10250: 9823:and walls at the cave cemetery at 9365: 8924: 8011:, "Honored Cultural Worker of the 7552:Tony Award for Best Original Score 7031: 7014: 6991: 6982: 6973: 6964: 6955: 6271: 6262: 6253: 6244: 6195: 6186: 6177: 5365:had also worked on that field. In 4697: 4688: 4672: 4663: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4578: 4569: 3881:; many Ashkenazim migrated to the 49:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 18830: 18783:Western European and Others Group 14470: 14431:. Trowbridge: Flicks Books, 1992 14287: 13742:from the original on June 8, 2022 13076: 12723: 12085: 11880: 11861: 11842: 11823: 11232: 9844:, and other manuscripts like the 8000:, based on the stories of writer 7232:, and influential producers like 5545:. In made also a major work with 4958:The structure of DNA. The Jewish 3998:. (This is particularly true for 3850:were primarily spread throughout 473:Historical population comparisons 17544: 17532: 17521: 17520: 16255: 16197: 16184: 16183: 14356: 14331:The Encyclopedia of Christianity 14324: 14315: 14281: 14193: 14154: 14124: 14108:. August 3, 2001. Archived from 14094: 14073:Winn, Marie (January 25, 1981). 14066: 14026: 14020: 13994: 13967: 13944: 13935: 13909: 13883: 13849: 13827:"UAHC – Reform Judaism Magazine" 13819: 13793: 13728:Boulos, Nick (October 5, 2013). 13721: 13701: 13685: 13653: 13618: 13592: 13572: 12265:"Fitzgerald–Lorentz contraction" 11602:The Gospel of John: A Commentary 11450:Măciucă, Constantin, preface to 11325: 11311: 10991:Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures 10336: 10327: 9795:(5th century) in Galilee, Israel 9551: 9407: 9393: 9384: 9375: 9357: 9348: 9339: 9330: 7546:and dozens of others during the 7007: 7000: 6169: 5329:The mathematician and physicist 5140:on the Moon is named after him. 4910:Science and technology in Israel 4758:. The biographies of women like 4681: 2476: 1117:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1031:Historical population by country 34: 17346:Culture and positive psychology 16256: 14305:"How to Master Matzo Ball Soup" 14303:Roman, Alison (April 2, 2014). 14161:Screenshot (October 11, 2017). 13542: 13529: 13516: 13496: 13483: 13463: 13437: 13422: 13371: 13359: 13340: 13323: 13298: 13285: 13273: 13249: 13179: 13151: 13130: 13109: 13089: 13070: 13051: 13037: 13013: 12989: 12969: 12943: 12924: 12904: 12880: 12859: 12833: 12816: 12795: 12776: 12763: 12736: 12717: 12567: 12498: 12476: 12404: 12358: 12345: 12332: 12323: 12287: 12269:Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 12235:Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 12201:Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 12155: 12055: 12016: 12006: 11991: 11961: 11936: 11911: 11893: 11874: 11855: 11836: 11817: 11792: 11770: 11745: 11728: 11701: 11679: 11666: 11653: 11631: 11593: 11566:Moore, Edward (June 28, 2005). 11559: 10951:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 10591:and many related characters as 10313:Comics, cartoons, and animation 9913:artists in Europe prior to the 9780:in 2017, as well as the Jewish 9707:List of Jews in the visual arts 9422:great songwriters and lyricists 9416:Omer Adam during a show in 2020 7070:founded the first professional 6751:); The historical novel series 6605:Other notable contributors are 6491:Modern Judaism: An Oxford Guide 6124:, "The Father of Video Games". 5786:Jacobian matrix and determinant 3969:creation of the State of Israel 3503:List of Jews in the visual arts 16785:High- and low-context cultures 16105:Relations with other religions 13974:Baylen, Ashley (May 5, 2012). 13580:Jewish artists in Montparnasse 12355:, London: NLB 1971, pp. 146–47 12135:Boaz Tsaban and David Garber. 11800:"Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates" 11753:"David Ricardo – Policonomics" 11550: 11541: 11536:Modern Judaism An Oxford Guide 11495: 11476: 11444: 11431: 11415: 11395: 11114:is known for cartoons such as 10791:animated and live-action films 10357:industry. Their work includes 9740:and extends throughout Jewish 9694: 9191:Symphony – "Songs of the Soul" 9029:from Russia. Singers included 7932:The first theatrical event by 7781:. A few works were written by 7748:Association for Jewish Theater 7279:Association for Jewish Theatre 7150:Dora Wasserman Yiddish Theatre 7129:Yiddish theater, most notably 6835:revival of the Hebrew language 6304:Ladino language § History 5265:Los Alamos National Laboratory 4900:List of Jewish Nobel laureates 4053:Society for Humanistic Judaism 3784:and architecture, cuisine and 3616:Jewish athletes and Yom Kippur 13: 1: 16092:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 14200:Vered, Ronit (May 13, 2017). 13978:. Shalom Life. Archived from 13471:A Brief History of Jewish Art 13176:. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12997:Creating the American Musical 12631:Kamin, Debra (May 20, 2014). 12519:American Mathematical Society 12329:Ford & Urban 1965, p. 109 12163:"Garcia de Orta (1501/02-68)" 11439:Culture and customs of Israel 11388: 11378:Traditional Jewish chronology 11084:, which its products include 10476:. At Marvel, Artists such as 10044:were prominent in the art of 9799:A number of luxury pieces of 8935:Israel Philharmonic Orchestra 8049:List of Jewish film directors 8023:for his meritorious service. 6870:Jewish poetry from Al-Andalus 6676:The Yiddish Policemen's Union 6007:first internal combustion car 4904:List of Jewish mathematicians 4340:, whose work included modern 4189:borrow from a common source. 3973:Jewish exodus from Arab lands 3508:List of Jewish film directors 688:Christianity and Judaism 17351:Culture and social cognition 16336:Cross-cultural communication 16023:Leo Baeck Institute New York 16018:American Sephardi Federation 13890:Groth, Gary (May 23, 2012). 13469:Jessica Spitalnic Brockman, 12917:50.1 (January 2004): 19(7). 12694:Milne, Ben (April 4, 2014). 12511:The Heritage of Emmy Noether 12342:, London: NLB 1971, p. 49-51 11193:. Thus, "Jewish" foods like 10706:In 1944, Max Gaines founded 10405:. In 1939, he founded, with 10116:(American-British, d 1959), 9850:Yemenite Jewish silversmiths 9093:(the former perished at the 8798:Once Upon a Time (TV Series) 8295:Columbia Broadcasting System 8291:Radio Corporation of America 8289:The first radio chains, the 8021:Order of the Badge of Honour 4841:by pious Christians. As the 3758:Museum of Jewish culture in 7: 17433:Intercultural communication 16245: 14846:Constantinopolitan Karaites 14290:Encyclopedia of Jewish Food 14027:Inc., Will Eisner Studios. 13585:September 29, 2007, at the 13524:Brief History of Jewish Art 13002:September 28, 2005, at the 12982:September 26, 2005, at the 12445:"Johnny Jiggles the Planet" 11372:Secular Culture & Ideas 11304: 9793:great synagogue of Tzippori 9791:Zodiac Wheel Mosaic in the 9724:, by Elie Marcuse (1848). ( 9574:, discuss the issue on the 9089:from Bohemia and later the 8400:One of the first televised 8075:(1932), the anti-Nazi film 7143:Night of the Murdered Poets 7131:Moscow State Jewish Theater 5351:cosmic microwave background 4311:Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi 4091:The Guide for the Perplexed 4082:List of Jewish philosophers 1987: 1968: 1695:Latin America and Caribbean 391: 27:Culture of Jews and Judaism 10: 18835: 16876:Cross cultural sensitivity 16543:Resistance through culture 16074:National Library of Israel 14715:Zionism, race and genetics 14377: 14364:Chinese: 'Jews make money' 13199:November 24, 2005, at the 13186:History of Israeli Theatre 13026:December 28, 2004, at the 12773:, September 27, 1925 (X2). 12633:"The Jewish legacy behind 12470: 12029:Journal of Applied Ecology 11236: 11166: 11141: 10793:, known for films such as 10316: 9710: 9704: 9698: 9605: 9499: 8915:Sephardic and Ladino music 8886: 8880: 8321:National Jewish Television 8042: 7996:- Shimi Derbendi's wife - 7911:Acting troupe in the play 7899: 7754:Hebrew and Israeli theatre 7699:, the Nederlander family, 7566:are Jewish, among others. 7276: 7035: 7026: 6859: 6805:and several poets such as 6778:, 13% were or are Jewish. 6316:Jewish American literature 6297: 6287: 5994: 5515:foundations of mathematics 5333:pioneered the theory that 5134:an astronomer, The crater 5069:. Bar Hiyya proved by the 5032:who published in 1478 his 4988:Genesis creation narrative 4907: 4893: 4722:Jewish political movements 4719: 4713: 4653:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 4079: 4076:Jewish religious movements 4069: 3945:General Jewish Labour Bund 3811: 3799: 3796:culture emerged likewise. 3606:Jewish Sports Hall of Fame 2300:Jewish political movements 1997:Conversion to Judaism 18553:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 18533: 18451: 18288: 18123: 17994:Standard Average European 17862: 17691: 17611: 17516: 17488:Transformation of culture 17181: 17101: 16921:Cultural environmentalism 16858: 16598: 16461: 16351:Cross-cultural psychology 16346:Cross-cultural psychiatry 16341:Cross-cultural leadership 16318: 16267: 16253: 16172: 16028:Yeshiva University Museum 16008:Center for Jewish History 15998: 15863: 15735: 15609: 15503: 15034: 14653: 14595: 14577: 14507:January 19, 2017, at the 13963:(DVD). Warner Bros. 2006. 13961:The Mythology of Superman 13766:Booker, M. Keith (2012). 13504:The Jewish diaspora: Rome 13476:January 14, 2006, at the 12893:December 6, 2008, at the 12788:November 5, 2005, at the 10893:creator of graphic novel 10415:All-American Publications 9881:. A book of Yiddish folk- 9426:traditional popular music 9247:Psalm of the Instant Dove 9225:Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco 8038: 6776:Nobel Prize in Literature 5782:Jacobi elliptic functions 5563:self-replicating machines 5451:, known as the father of 5294:contributed to theory of 5040:where he wrote about the 4324:The Samra Great Synagogue 4217:that is expressed in the 2679:Jewish diaspora languages 703:Hinduism and Judaism 18693:Lancaster House Treaties 18183:Christian existentialism 18143:Ancient Roman philosophy 18133:Ancient Greek philosophy 17448:Living things in culture 17438:Intercultural competence 17341:Culture and menstruation 16840:Trans-cultural diffusion 14620:Ancient Israel and Judah 14102:"The Way of the Samurai" 13671:"Kitaj the 'Diasporist'" 13352:August 12, 2011, at the 13256:Hobsbawm, E. J. (2003), 13145:August 16, 2005, at the 13102:August 16, 2005, at the 12295:"Jews and the Atom Bomb" 12167:www.sciencemuseum.org.uk 12114:. Simon & Schuster. 11804:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 11641:. JewishEncyclopedia.com 11600:Keener, Craig S (2003). 11472:for further information. 10112:(American, d 1917), Sir 9542: 9495: 9105:from the United States, 8955:European classical music 8876: 8580:Married... with Children 8072:A Daughter of Her People 7825:professional performance 7741:Pulitzer Prize for Drama 7334:, whether it was on the 7257:English-language theatre 7092:Yiddish Theater District 5778:Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi 5555:Von Neumann architecture 5182:predicted extraordinary 5150:transformed theoretical 5116:, whose the Moon crater 5102:. He published his work 4730:List of Jews in politics 3838:and Central Europe; the 529:Temple in Jerusalem 222:Bar and bat mitzvah 18471:Equality before the law 17678:Romano-Germanic culture 17259:Cultural homogenization 16489:Individualistic culture 16423:Popular culture studies 16408:Intercultural relations 14996:North African Sephardim 14969:Jewish tribes of Arabia 14519:March 26, 2015, at the 13714:April 14, 2012, at the 13509:April 18, 2016, at the 13384:American Jewish History 13164:April 15, 2005, at the 13064:New York Herald Tribune 12749:. U of Nebraska Press. 12523:Oxford University Press 11734:Sowell, Thomas (2006). 11441:, Greenwood Press, 2004 11437:Torstrick, Rebecca L., 11225:, make up a variety of 10853:; The Hebrew comics of 9982:abstract expressionists 9736:art is recorded in the 9071:Alexander von Zemlinsky 8482:created the hit sitcom 8259:(1968). More recently, 7687:, the Minskoff family, 7560:Claude-Michel Schönberg 7520:Rodgers and Hammerstein 7298:Konstantin Stanislavski 6592:Max Reinhardt (Goldman) 6453:The Discovery of Heaven 6042:wireless remote control 5762:Artificial intelligence 5419:Quantum electrodynamics 5403:London dispersion force 5357:theory, the scientists 5308:Stellar nucleosynthesis 5267:in 1942. The physicist 5200:Mass–energy equivalence 5082:De scientia motvs orbis 4617:Schneur Zalman of Liadi 4066:Philosophy and religion 3939:amplified the sense of 3872:Jewish ethnic divisions 3834:were mainly located in 3715:Category:Jewish culture 3513:Jews in American cinema 491:Twelve Tribes of Israel 64:more precise citations. 18633:Eastern European Group 18222:Continental philosophy 18153:Judeo-Christian ethics 18138:Hellenistic philosophy 17619:Cradle of civilization 17194:Archaeological culture 16941:Cultural globalization 16810:Organizational culture 16658:Cultural communication 16616:Cultural appropriation 16403:Intercultural learning 16331:Cross-cultural studies 16099:Holocaust Encyclopedia 16069:Jewish Virtual Library 14362:Nagler-Cohen, Liron. " 13892:"Jack Kirby Interview" 13445:"Not a Pretty Picture" 13378:Tanny, Jarrod (2015). 13116:Jewishencyclopedia.com 12919:Expanded Academic ASAP 12865:Stephen J. Whitfield, 12801:Johnson, Paul (1987). 12231:"Space-Time Continuum" 11736:On classical economics 11709:"The Jewish Americans" 11273:Very few Jews live in 11164: 10812: 10766:comics series and the 10291: 10282: 10273: 10264: 10255: 9974:Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel 9949: 9948:, Jerusalem Collection 9909:There were few Jewish 9906: 9903:Dura Europos synagogue 9895: 9796: 9774:Dura Europas Synagogue 9768:and Greece, including 9729: 9726:Tel Aviv Museum of Art 9617: 9515: 9417: 9370: 9283:Charles-Valentin Alkan 9097:extermination camps), 8983:Charles-Valentin Alkan 8938: 8720:The Larry Sanders Show 8700:The Andy Griffith Show 8518: 8297:, were created by the 8286: 8225: 8159: 8121:The Singing Blacksmith 8019:, who was awarded the 7929: 7832:. Playwrights such as 7766: 7571:Jewish religious music 7486: 7352: 7274: 7242: 7168: 7059: 7019: 6996: 6987: 6978: 6969: 6960: 6768:A Song of Ice and Fire 6761:is an inspiration for 6686:In Search of Lost Time 6660:The Catcher in the Rye 6486: 6471: 6352: 6276: 6267: 6258: 6249: 6200: 6191: 6182: 6080:- creators of Google; 5902:Baruch Samuel Blumberg 5726:theory of distribution 5670:Ginzburg–Landau theory 5617: 5507: 5445: 5395:Quantum chromodynamics 5335:universe was expanding 5273:nuclear chain reaction 5241: 5184:astronomical phenomena 5085: 5071:method of indivisibles 4971: 4968:double helix structure 4960:X-ray crystallographer 4947:recipients and 27% of 4937:Physiology or Medicine 4890:Science and technology 4877:As a modern system of 4818: 4798: 4742: 4710:Education and politics 4702: 4693: 4677: 4668: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4358:Isaac Orobio de Castro 4328:Philosophy by Jews in 4325: 4297:. The most notable is 4202: 4139:Deuterocanonical books 4098: 4049: 4036:in Jerusalem, writes: 4023: 3990: 3809: 3768:is the culture of the 3762: 3589:List of Jews in sports 107: 18753:Three Seas Initiative 18728:Pacific Islands Forum 18593:British–Irish Council 18341:Greek Orthodox Church 17800:Industrial Revolution 17770:Scientific Revolution 17463:Participatory culture 17254:Cultural evolutionism 17078:Multiracial democracy 16956:Cultural intelligence 16901:Cultural conservatism 16891:Cultural backwardness 16881:Cultural assimilation 16755:Cultural reproduction 16611:Cultural appreciation 16563:Far-right subcultures 16453:Transcultural nursing 16418:Philosophy of culture 16295:Cultural neuroscience 16275:Cultural anthropology 16046:Encyclopaedia Judaica 15828:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 15013:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 14763:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 14462:Veidlinger, Jeffrey. 14253:(September 1, 2010). 14001:Markstein, Donald D. 13800:Markstein, Donald D. 13669:Tom Teicholz (2003). 13396:10.1353/ajh.2015.0023 13329:Landa, M. J. (1926). 13281:op. cit.' p. 462-463. 12956:May 17, 2006, at the 12886:Samantha M. Shapiro, 12803:A History of the Jews 12575:"biblical literature" 12420:University of Chicago 12173:on September 19, 2017 12108:Livio, Mario (2006). 12098:, New York Routledge. 11740:Yale University Press 11659:Wein (1997), p. 44. ( 11627:on November 12, 2013. 11617:"The Spinoza Problem" 11470:article on the author 11410:KTAV Publishing House 11346:Visual arts in Israel 11149: 10999:The Lord of the Rings 10850:Mandrake the Magician 10802:The Lord of the Rings 10785: 10290: 10281: 10272: 10263: 10254: 9936: 9901:Wall painting in the 9900: 9855: 9790: 9720: 9713:Visual arts in Israel 9711:Further information: 9615: 9509: 9415: 9369: 9229:Violin Concerto no. 2 8932: 8859:Michelle Trachtenberg 8851:Sarah Michelle Gellar 8516: 8466:(which often engaged 8284: 8273:, Jerusalem JFF, etc 8220: 8154: 7959:Yashaiyo Rabinovich. 7909: 7878:Arab–Israeli conflict 7761: 7482: 7416:form) was the Jewish 7376:Bruno Granichstaedten 7348: 7326:, gossip columnists, 7264: 7202: 7163: 7139:Rootless cosmopolitan 7045: 7018: 6995: 6986: 6977: 6968: 6959: 6811:Samuel ibn Naghrillah 6512:Isaac Bashevis Singer 6477: 6462: 6404:Isaac Bashevis Singer 6335: 6284:Literature and poetry 6275: 6266: 6257: 6248: 6199: 6190: 6181: 6024:- co-inventor of the 5928:); In fields such as 5742:Theory of computation 5642:extraterrestrial life 5611: 5551:computer architecture 5537:, quantum mechanics, 5501: 5443: 5349:co-discoverer of the 5271:, that conceived the 5258:theoretical physicist 5236: 5162:created primarily by 5079: 4957: 4908:Further information: 4809: 4793: 4737: 4701: 4692: 4676: 4667: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4527:(c. 25 BCE–c. 50 CE)) 4454:Samuel David Luzzatto 4442:Samson Raphael Hirsch 4414:Menachem Mendel Lefin 4396:the prophet and with 4323: 4295:Isaac ben Moses Arama 4225:. In the 9th century 4195: 4123:creation of the world 4089: 4038: 4012: 3981: 3807: 3757: 1237:São Tomé and Príncipe 1232:Republic of the Congo 626:Second Temple Judaism 497:Kingdom of Judah 468:Modern historiography 97: 18748:Special Relationship 18158:Christian philosophy 18103:Western Christianity 17765:Age of Enlightenment 17639:Hellenistic Kingdoms 17458:Oppositional culture 17428:Emotions and culture 17336:Cultural sensibility 17326:Cultural translation 17264:Cultural institution 17244:Cultural determinism 16966:Cultural nationalism 16951:Cultural imperialism 16911:Cultural deprivation 16805:Non-material culture 16438:Sociology of culture 16433:Semiotics of culture 14625:Second Temple period 14420:Landa, M.J. (1926). 14385:Alexandrov, Pavel S. 14351:The Jewish Chronicle 14269:on December 30, 2010 14112:on February 20, 2012 13918:"A marvel in comics" 13856:Brod, Harry (2012). 13831:reformjudaismmag.net 13772:. pp. 504–505. 13433:The Joys of Yinglish 12664:Martin, George R. R. 12554:"Literature, Jewish" 12443:(November 8, 1992). 12412:Townes, Charles Hard 12067:myjewishlearning.com 11979:on September 6, 2006 11757:www.policonomics.com 11121:Tiny Toon Adventures 10715:Tales from the Crypt 10661:Brian Michael Bendis 10231:Isaac Frenkel Frenel 10136:(American, d 1991). 10132:(American, d 1988), 10128:(Croatian, d 1985), 10030:Contemporary artists 9960:movement (including 9754:Temples in Jerusalem 9722:"Death of King Saul" 9572:improve this section 9562:may not represent a 8889:Secular Jewish music 8803:Sarah Jessica Parker 8654:Beverly Hills, 90210 8470:and other issues of 8426:Bridget Loves Bernie 8277:Radio and television 8262:Call Me By Your Name 7966:, Mountain Jews and 7838:Hayyim Nahman Bialik 7496:Oscar Hammerstein II 7420:, niece of composer 7310:Stephen J. Whitfield 6874:Modern Hebrew poetry 6855:Shaul Tchernichovsky 6839:Moshe Chaim Luzzatto 6831:Modern Hebrew poetry 6738:The Thirteenth Tribe 6308:Judeo-Tat literature 5898:Evolutionary biology 5714:Continuum hypothesis 5706:Lipschitz continuity 5678:Aharonov–Bohm effect 5567:stochastic computing 5383:Schrödinger equation 5373:and his work on the 5345:, the physicist and 5306:whose work included 5208:photoelectric effect 5206:, and explained the 5168:elementary particles 5132:Mashallah ibn Athari 5050:Christopher Columbus 5019:Deuteronomy 20:19–20 5015:agricultural science 4815:classical economists 4726:Judaism and politics 4400:. Mendelssohn was a 3844:Mediterranean region 3594:Association football 2933:Crossing the Red Sea 2339:World Agudath Israel 1480:United Arab Emirates 567:Second Temple period 557:Babylonian captivity 18773:West Nordic Council 18638:Eastern Partnership 18227:Analytic philosophy 17928:Classical tradition 17750:Early modern period 17706:Classical antiquity 17701:European Bronze Age 17309:Culture speculation 17304:Cultural relativism 17234:Cultural competence 17124:Cultural Christians 16996:Cultural Revolution 16986:Cultural radicalism 16961:Cultural liberalism 16896:Cultural Bolshevism 16871:Consumer capitalism 16825:Relational mobility 16765:Cultural technology 16673:Cultural dissonance 16590:Culture by location 16553:Alternative culture 16469:Constructed culture 16448:Theology of culture 16388:Cultural psychology 16368:Cultural entomology 16063:Jewish Encyclopedia 15808:Hekhalot literature 15619:Religious movements 15154:Judeo-Tripolitanian 14292:. Houghton Mifflin. 14231:on October 11, 2011 13922:The Times of Israel 13641:. Whitehot Magazine 13637:Mark Bloch (2007). 13606:on December 3, 2013 13410:on October 24, 2018 13121:Jewish Encyclopedia 12807:Lutheran Protestant 12642:The Times of Israel 12525:, pp. 83–101, 12515:Bar-Ilan University 12382:1960Natur.187..493M 12275:on January 25, 2013 12241:on January 25, 2013 12207:on January 24, 2013 11786:Jewish Encyclopedia 11689:. September 2, 2013 11621:The Washington Post 11281:. Examples include 11129:Pinky and the Brain 11101:The Prince of Egypt 10942:who helped animate 10919:Dexter's Laboratory 10772:A Contract with God 10739:Shock SuspenStories 10733:Crime SuspenStories 10727:The Vault of Horror 10470:Timely Publications 10355:American comic book 10124:(Russian, d 1977), 10110:Moses Jacob Ezekiel 10095:The collage artist 10028:, as well as among 9990:Helen Frankenthaler 9813:signs of the Zodiac 9691:, and many others. 9129:from Argentina and 9005:from Bohemia (most 8937:'s 70th Anniversary 8664:The Big Bang Theory 8507:Saturday Night Live 8371:. More figures are 8172:the Warner Brothers 7925:Israel Tsvaygenbaum 7769:The earliest known 7622:Fiddler on the Roof 7315:New York University 7306:Brandeis University 6847:Hayim Nahman Bialik 6815:Solomon ibn Gabirol 6774:Among recipient of 6763:George R. R. Martin 6712:A Contract with God 6696:Death of a Salesman 6630:The Gods Themselves 6615:and others such as 6499:Tel Aviv University 6438:, Canadian author, 6343:by Jews during the 6013:- developer of the 5926:Blood–brain barrier 5916:(developers of the 5836:, structure of the 5579:theoretical physics 5569:), and statistics. 5519:functional analysis 5427:Quantum information 5339:Friedmann equations 5331:Alexander Friedmann 5300:Elementary particle 5281:"the father of the 5214:theory (Einstein's 5196:gravitational waves 5174:. With relativity, 5160:theory of mechanics 4871:Benveniste de Porta 4635:Ludwig Wittgenstein 4490:Ludwig Wittgenstein 4478:Claude Lévi-Strauss 4303:Natan'el al-Fayyumi 4251:Solomon ibn Gabirol 4215:Rabbinic literature 4158:Hellenistic Judaism 4061:The Workers Circle. 4030:Tel Aviv University 3971:and the consequent 3957:Jewish Emancipation 3879:Spanish Inquisition 2983:Gathering of Israel 2661:Judeo-Tripolitanian 632:Hellenistic Judaism 210:Land of Israel 169:Principles of faith 98:Jewish festival in 18232:Post-structuralism 18195:Christian humanism 17825:Universal suffrage 17468:Permission culture 17401:Disability culture 17381:Children's culture 17249:Cultural diversity 17209:Circuit of culture 16991:Cultural retention 16971:Cultural pessimism 16926:Cultural exception 16916:Cultural diplomacy 16906:Cultural contracts 16866:Colonial mentality 16795:Manuscript culture 16770:Cultural universal 16740:Cultural pluralism 16720:Cultural landscape 16715:Cultural invention 16683:Cultural framework 16585:Vernacular culture 16383:Cultural mediation 16363:Cultural economics 16358:Cultural analytics 16290:Cultural geography 16280:Cultural astronomy 16204:Judaism portal 16140:Jews and Halloween 16135:Jews and Christmas 15525:Rabbinic authority 15277:Judaeo-Piedmontese 14710:Xueta Christianity 14615:Origins of Judaism 14582:Outline of Judaism 14427:Stevens, Matthew. 14106:The Jewish Journal 14080:The New York Times 14058:has generic name ( 14007:www.toonopedia.com 13896:The Comics Journal 13806:www.toonopedia.com 13489:Michael Schirber, 13008:Rock 'N' Roll Jews 13006:. Originally from 12936:2006-09-09 at the 12450:The New York Times 12143:on August 12, 2011 11672:Daniel J. Elazar, 11488:2005-10-28 at the 11402:Lawrence Schiffman 11366:Jews and Christmas 11351:Humanistic Judaism 11165: 11112:animation division 10914:Genndy Tartakovsky 10813: 10292: 10283: 10274: 10265: 10256: 9950: 9907: 9797: 9730: 9618: 9516: 9418: 9371: 9087:Jaromír Weinberger 9027:Nikolai Rubinstein 9021:from Germany, and 8939: 8670:Two and a Half Men 8553:and later created 8519: 8402:situation comedies 8287: 8251:John Frankenheimer 8204:Jeffrey Katzenberg 8160: 8145:God, Man and Devil 8103:Where Is My Child? 8026:In the 1990s, the 7930: 7767: 7639:Jason Robert Brown 7487: 7290:theatrical realist 7275: 7222:Walter Hasenclever 7169: 7074:theatre troupe in 7060: 7055:(1920), a play by 7020: 6997: 6988: 6979: 6970: 6961: 6754:The Accursed Kings 6540:Haim Nahman Bialik 6487: 6472: 6442:, Russian author, 6383:of Poland and the 6353: 6300:Yiddish literature 6277: 6268: 6259: 6250: 6225:Robert Oppenheimer 6201: 6192: 6183: 6040:- inventor of the 6032:- inventor of the 5924:(discovery of the 5818:Alicyclic compound 5618: 5559:linear programming 5535:numerical analysis 5508: 5504:Theodore H. Maiman 5446: 5343:Arno Allan Penzias 5261:Robert Oppenheimer 5242: 5216:General relativity 5086: 5067:Leonardo Fibonacci 5038:Ha-hibbur ha-gadol 5023:Deuteronomy 22:6–7 4984:Biblical cosmology 4972: 4833:25:36) forbidding 4819: 4799: 4743: 4703: 4694: 4678: 4669: 4611: 4602: 4593: 4584: 4575: 4458:Nachman of Breslov 4354:Western philosophy 4346:Biblical criticism 4326: 4287:Joseph ibn Tzaddik 4203: 4187:Early Christianity 4099: 3991: 3955:combined with the 3933:Constantin Măciucă 3810: 3763: 3551:Biblical cosmology 3478:Ancient Jewish art 3227:Valley of the ants 2963:Conquest of Canaan 2903:Sodom and Gomorrah 2193:Jewish Koine Greek 1735:Dominican Republic 1016:Judaism by country 695:Jews and Christmas 550:Assyrian captivity 108: 18814:Jewish secularism 18796: 18795: 18623:Council of Europe 18525:International law 18478:Constitutionalism 18336:Eastern Orthodoxy 17842:Post–Cold War era 17775:Age of Revolution 17629:Greco-Roman world 17567: 17566: 17396:Death and culture 17289:Cultural movement 17279:Cultural literacy 17139:Eastern Orthodoxy 17051:Dominator culture 17046:Deculturalization 16946:Cultural hegemony 16936:Cultural genocide 16931:Cultural feminism 16750:Cultural property 16745:Cultural practice 16730:Cultural leveling 16725:Cultural learning 16710:Cultural industry 16705:Cultural identity 16688:Cultural heritage 16678:Cultural emphasis 16663:Cultural conflict 16636:Cultural behavior 16626:Cultural artifact 16538:Primitive culture 16514:Political culture 16213: 16212: 16179:extinct languages 16080:YIVO Encyclopedia 15855:Hebrew literature 15823:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 15663:Reconstructionist 15341:Judaeo-Portuguese 15030: 15029: 14986:Eastern Sephardim 14630:Synagogal Judaism 14398:978-0-8247-1550-2 13982:on April 10, 2015 13837:on March 13, 2016 13057:Arthur Laurents, 12951:Carmen Comes Home 12899:Hadassah Magazine 12756:978-0-8276-1887-9 12666:(April 3, 2013). 12532:978-0-19-851045-1 12416:"The first laser" 12376:(4736): 493–494. 12351:Mannoni, Octave, 12338:Mannoni, Octave, 11738:. New Haven, CT: 11452:Bercovici, Israil 11341:Culture of Israel 11177:, Mediterranean, 11045:Fleischer Studios 10789:is a director of 10721:The Haunt of Fear 10310: 10309: 10245: 10236: 10227: 10218: 10209: 10200: 10195:Amedeo Modigliani 10191: 10120:(French, d 1967) 9842:Sarajevo Haggadah 9653:Gilbert Gottfried 9604: 9603: 9596: 9402: 9401: 9324: 9315: 9306: 9297: 9292:Jacques Offenbach 9288: 9279: 9274:Felix Mendelssohn 9270: 9265:Fanny Mendelssohn 9261: 9256:Giacomo Meyerbeer 9221:Arnold Schoenberg 9206:Chichester Psalms 9195:Leonard Bernstein 9151:Jacques Offenbach 9143:Giacomo Meyerbeer 9111:Alexandre Tansman 9067:Arnold Schoenberg 9019:Giacomo Meyerbeer 9015:Felix Mendelssohn 8591:, co-creators of 8463:All in the Family 8271:San Francisco JFF 8176:David O. Selznick 8085:Yiddish King Lear 8078:The Wandering Jew 8028:Judeo-Tat theatre 8002:Hizgil Avshalumov 7902:Judeo-Tat theatre 7896:Judeo-Tat theatre 7804:such as those by 7536:Leonard Bernstein 7508:George S. Kaufman 7442:The Marx Brothers 7380:Jacques Offenbach 7292:movement and the 7210:Arthur Schnitzler 7068:Abraham Goldfaden 7024: 7023: 6950: 6941: 6932: 6923: 6914: 6905: 6896: 6887: 6827:Dunash ben Labrat 6612:Foundation series 6584:Amedeo Modigliani 6568:Leonard Bernstein 6446:, of Prague, and 6396:Jewish literature 6312:Hebrew literature 6290:Jewish literature 6281: 6280: 6239: 6230: 6221: 6212: 6163: 6154: 6145: 6136: 6118:Zend Technologies 6044:for televisions; 5976:; and sociology: 5894:Stephen Jay Gould 5878:Rosalind Franklin 5824:(biochemistry of 5798:Molecular biology 5774:Colossus computer 5603:conservation laws 5595:Noether's theorem 5435:Quantum potential 5367:quantum mechanics 5246:Manhattan Project 5224:Quantum mechanics 5148:relativity theory 5100:Tropical medicine 5063:Abraham bar Hiyya 4996:Leviticus 14:1–32 4964:Rosalind Franklin 4802:Economic activity 4795:Benjamin Disraeli 4707: 4706: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4564: 4559:Moses Mendelssohn 4555: 4546: 4537: 4528: 4506:Theodor W. Adorno 4430:Elijah Benamozegh 4390:Moses Mendelssohn 4382:Francisco Sanches 4283:Abraham bar Hiyya 4072:Jewish philosophy 3941:national identity 3786:traditional dress 3752: 3751: 3644:Ancient Israelite 3488:Judeo-Tat theatre 3003:David and Goliath 2455: 2454: 2404: 2403: 2152: 2151: 1899:Reconstructionist 1843: 1842: 995: 994: 802: 801: 639:Jewish–Roman wars 587:Hasmonean dynasty 503:Kingdom of Israel 407: 406: 90: 89: 82: 16:(Redirected from 18826: 18668:EU Customs Union 18200:Secular humanism 18148:Christian ethics 18098:East–West Schism 18081:Physical culture 17805:Great Divergence 17755:Age of Discovery 17594: 17587: 17580: 17571: 17570: 17548: 17547: 17536: 17535: 17524: 17523: 17413:Drinking culture 17366:Culture industry 17314:Cultural tourism 17294:Cultural mulatto 17269:Cultural jet lag 17204:Cannabis culture 17161:Cultural Muslims 17083:Pluriculturalism 17066:Multiculturalism 17056:Interculturalism 17031:Culture minister 17021:Cultural Zionism 17016:Cultural subsidy 17011:Cultural silence 16886:Cultural attaché 16845:Transculturation 16800:Material culture 16790:Interculturality 16646:Cultural capital 16631:Cultural baggage 16568:Youth subculture 16509:Official culture 16474:Dominant culture 16413:Internet culture 16378:Cultural mapping 16373:Cultural history 16300:Cultural studies 16285:Cultural ecology 16259: 16258: 16240: 16233: 16226: 16217: 16216: 16202: 16201: 16200: 16187: 16186: 15319:Judeo-Golpaygani 14920:Palestinian Jews 14895:Alexandrian Jews 14851:Crimean Karaites 14768:Unterlander Jews 14721: 14720: 14635:Rabbinic Judaism 14560: 14553: 14546: 14537: 14536: 14422:The Jew in Drama 14410: 14371: 14360: 14354: 14343: 14334: 14328: 14322: 14319: 14313: 14312: 14300: 14294: 14293: 14285: 14279: 14278: 14276: 14274: 14247: 14241: 14240: 14238: 14236: 14227:. 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Archived from 12059: 12053: 12052: 12020: 12014: 12010: 12004: 12003: 11995: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11975:. Archived from 11965: 11959: 11958: 11956: 11954: 11940: 11934: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11915: 11909: 11908: 11897: 11891: 11890: 11878: 11872: 11871: 11859: 11853: 11852: 11840: 11834: 11833: 11821: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11796: 11790: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11763: 11749: 11743: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11705: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11683: 11677: 11670: 11664: 11657: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11635: 11629: 11628: 11623:. Archived from 11612: 11606: 11605: 11597: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11586: 11563: 11557: 11554: 11548: 11545: 11539: 11532: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11509:. Archived from 11499: 11493: 11480: 11474: 11448: 11442: 11435: 11429: 11419: 11413: 11399: 11335: 11330: 11329: 11321: 11316: 11315: 11314: 11279:Second World War 11187:Eastern European 11158:Sephardic Jewish 11011:Hey Good Lookin' 10966:C. H. Greenblatt 10619:, co-creator of 10518:, and the teams 10444:Detective Comics 10340: 10331: 10306: 10299: 10243: 10240:Étienne B. Weill 10234: 10225: 10216: 10207: 10198: 10189: 10186:Camille Pissarro 10182: 10181: 10058:Pedro Friedeberg 9956:centered in the 9846:Nuremberg Mahzor 9685:Gianmarco Soresi 9599: 9592: 9588: 9585: 9579: 9555: 9554: 9547: 9520:Jewish diasporic 9490:Barbra Streisand 9397: 9388: 9379: 9361: 9352: 9343: 9334: 9322: 9313: 9304: 9301:Anton Rubinstein 9295: 9286: 9277: 9268: 9259: 9252: 9251: 9238:The Eternal Road 9200:Kaddish Symphony 9149:, and the later 9147:Fromental Halévy 9127:Mario Davidovsky 9115:Alfred Schnittke 8991:Fromental Halevy 8784:Will & Grace 8747:, co-creator of 8727:, co-creator of 8717:, co-creator of 8680:Prisoners of War 8661:, co-creator of 8651:, co-creator of 8638:Sex and the City 8424:(1991–1993) and 8314:Yiddish language 8306:William S. Paley 8241:Barbra Streisand 8208:Steven Spielberg 8139:Lang ist der Weg 8066:His Wife's Lover 8045:Cinema of Israel 7862:Avraham Shlonsky 7789:in 17th-century 7604:Finian's Rainbow 7540:Stephen Schwartz 7532:Stephen Sondheim 7528:Lerner and Loewe 7470:Florenz Ziegfeld 7422:Fromental Halévy 7156:European theatre 7135:Solomon Mikhoels 7072:Yiddish-language 7011: 7004: 6948: 6939: 6930: 6921: 6912: 6903: 6894: 6885: 6878: 6877: 6823:Abraham ibn Ezra 6784:Musar literature 6732:Darkness at Noon 6717:Shel Silverstein 6479:Hebrew Book Week 6464:Hebrew Book Week 6436:Mordecai Richler 6339:. The Bible was 6237: 6228: 6219: 6216:John von Neumann 6210: 6173: 6161: 6152: 6143: 6134: 6127: 6126: 6116:and founders of 6022:Mikhail Gurevich 6003:Siegfried Marcus 5974:Joseph Greenberg 5862:Elie Metchnikoff 5858:Neurotransmitter 5766:Bayesian network 5730:Grigory Margulis 5722:Laurent Schwartz 5702:Rudolf Lipschitz 5630:Electromagnetism 5575:abstract algebra 5511:John von Neumann 5461:free association 5415:Julian Schwinger 5407:London equations 5347:radio astronomer 5320:Victor Weisskopf 5220:Georges Lemaître 5114:Abraham ibn Ezra 4941:computer science 4918:Hebrew astronomy 4867:Heliot de Vesoul 4863:Ezmel de Ablitas 4859:Aaron of Lincoln 4716:Jewish education 4685: 4656: 4647: 4638: 4629: 4620: 4562: 4553: 4545:(1135/1138–1204) 4544: 4535: 4526: 4519: 4518: 4474:Emmanuel Levinas 4450:Nachman Krochmal 4398:Moses Maimonides 4279:Bahya ibn Paquda 4275:Nissim of Gerona 4271:Abraham ibn Daud 4247:Abraham ibn Ezra 4237:of Judaism. The 4231:Emunoth ve-Deoth 4166:Greek philosophy 4000:Orthodox Judaism 3921:movement), many 3887:Jewish community 3744: 3737: 3730: 2953:Ten Commandments 2480: 2457: 2456: 2447: 2440: 2433: 2296: 2295: 2177: 1998: 1992: 1973: 1937: 1936: 1884: 1831:New Zealand 1783: 1746:El Salvador 1736: 1668:Northern America 1660: 1254: 1010: 1009: 921:Crimean Karaites 817: 816: 795: 793: 714: 712: 704: 698: 689: 677:Rabbinic Judaism 658: 652: 646: 634: 622: 588: 581:Maccabean Revolt 558: 551: 545: 537: 530: 524: 516: 498: 422: 421: 396: 291: 290: 223: 211: 110: 109: 85: 78: 74: 71: 65: 60:this article by 51:inline citations 38: 37: 30: 21: 18834: 18833: 18829: 18828: 18827: 18825: 18824: 18823: 18799: 18798: 18797: 18792: 18758:UKUSA Agreement 18698:Lublin Triangle 18583:Baltic Assembly 18535: 18529: 18447: 18284: 18119: 17989:Eurolinguistics 17858: 17847:Information age 17820:Interwar period 17687: 17607: 17598: 17568: 17563: 17512: 17503:Western culture 17498:Welfare culture 17423:Eastern culture 17284:Cultural mosaic 17239:Cultural critic 17229:Cultural center 17177: 17151:Cultural Hindus 17097: 17088:Polyculturalism 17061:Monoculturalism 17036:Culture of fear 17006:Cultural safety 17001:Cultural rights 16981:Cultural racism 16976:Cultural policy 16854: 16760:Cultural system 16735:Cultural memory 16668:Cultural cringe 16594: 16526:Popular culture 16457: 16393:Cultural values 16314: 16263: 16249: 16244: 16214: 16209: 16198: 16196: 16168: 15994: 15859: 15731: 15605: 15499: 15314:Judeo-Borujerdi 15289:Judeo-Malayalam 15235:Judeo-Aragonese 15206:Lishanid Noshan 15038: 15026: 14758:Oberlander Jews 14719: 14649: 14591: 14573: 14564: 14521:Wayback Machine 14509:Wayback Machine 14473: 14417: 14415:Further reading 14399: 14380: 14375: 14374: 14361: 14357: 14344: 14337: 14329: 14325: 14320: 14316: 14301: 14297: 14286: 14282: 14272: 14270: 14251:Zeldes, Leah A. 14248: 14244: 14234: 14232: 14225:Moment Magazine 14217: 14213: 14198: 14194: 14185: 14181: 14171: 14169: 14159: 14155: 14145: 14143: 14136:ralphbakshi.com 14130: 14129: 14125: 14115: 14113: 14100: 14099: 14095: 14085: 14083: 14071: 14067: 14055: 14054: 14045: 14044: 14037: 14035: 14025: 14021: 14011: 14009: 13999: 13995: 13985: 13983: 13972: 13968: 13959: 13958: 13954: 13949: 13945: 13940: 13936: 13926: 13924: 13914: 13910: 13900: 13898: 13888: 13884: 13874: 13872: 13870: 13854: 13850: 13840: 13838: 13825: 13824: 13820: 13810: 13808: 13798: 13794: 13784: 13782: 13780: 13764: 13755: 13745: 13743: 13736:The Independent 13726: 13722: 13716:Wayback Machine 13706: 13702: 13690: 13686: 13676: 13674: 13667: 13663: 13658: 13654: 13644: 13642: 13635: 13631: 13623: 13619: 13609: 13607: 13598: 13597: 13593: 13587:Wayback Machine 13577: 13573: 13563: 13561: 13548: 13547: 13543: 13534: 13530: 13521: 13517: 13511:Wayback Machine 13501: 13497: 13488: 13484: 13478:Wayback Machine 13468: 13464: 13454: 13452: 13451:. June 27, 2002 13443: 13442: 13438: 13427: 13423: 13413: 13411: 13376: 13372: 13364: 13360: 13354:Wayback Machine 13345: 13341: 13328: 13324: 13314: 13312: 13304: 13303: 13299: 13290: 13286: 13278: 13274: 13268: 13254: 13250: 13245: 13234: 13229: 13225: 13220: 13211: 13201:Wayback Machine 13184: 13180: 13166:Wayback Machine 13157:Orna Ben-Meir, 13156: 13152: 13147:Wayback Machine 13135: 13131: 13114: 13110: 13104:Wayback Machine 13094: 13090: 13075: 13071: 13056: 13052: 13042: 13038: 13028:Wayback Machine 13018: 13014: 13004:Wayback Machine 12994: 12990: 12984:Wayback Machine 12974: 12970: 12958:Wayback Machine 12948: 12944: 12938:Wayback Machine 12929: 12925: 12909: 12905: 12895:Wayback Machine 12885: 12881: 12875:Brandeis Review 12867:Musical Theater 12864: 12860: 12850: 12848: 12839: 12838: 12834: 12822:Suzanne Weiss, 12821: 12817: 12800: 12796: 12790:Wayback Machine 12781: 12777: 12768: 12764: 12757: 12741: 12737: 12722: 12718: 12708: 12706: 12698:Game of Thrones 12692: 12688: 12678: 12676: 12661: 12657: 12647: 12645: 12635:Game of Thrones 12629: 12625: 12615: 12613: 12612:on June 9, 2012 12605:Gulf Daily News 12598: 12597: 12593: 12583: 12581: 12573: 12572: 12568: 12558: 12556: 12552: 12551: 12547: 12533: 12503: 12499: 12493:Alexandrov 1981 12491: 12487: 12481: 12477: 12469: 12465: 12455: 12453: 12438: 12434: 12424: 12422: 12409: 12405: 12363: 12359: 12350: 12346: 12337: 12333: 12328: 12324: 12308: 12307: 12300: 12298: 12293: 12292: 12288: 12278: 12276: 12261: 12254: 12244: 12242: 12227: 12220: 12210: 12208: 12193: 12186: 12176: 12174: 12161: 12160: 12156: 12146: 12144: 12133: 12129: 12122: 12106: 12102: 12093: 12086: 12076: 12074: 12061: 12060: 12056: 12041:10.2307/2403292 12021: 12017: 12011: 12007: 11996: 11992: 11982: 11980: 11967: 11966: 11962: 11952: 11950: 11942: 11941: 11937: 11927: 11925: 11917: 11916: 11912: 11899: 11898: 11894: 11879: 11875: 11860: 11856: 11841: 11837: 11822: 11818: 11808: 11806: 11798: 11797: 11793: 11775: 11771: 11761: 11759: 11751: 11750: 11746: 11733: 11729: 11719: 11717: 11707: 11706: 11702: 11692: 11690: 11685: 11684: 11680: 11671: 11667: 11658: 11654: 11644: 11642: 11637: 11636: 11632: 11613: 11609: 11598: 11594: 11584: 11582: 11564: 11560: 11555: 11551: 11546: 11542: 11533: 11526: 11516: 11514: 11513:on May 10, 2006 11501: 11500: 11496: 11490:Wayback Machine 11481: 11477: 11449: 11445: 11436: 11432: 11420: 11416: 11400: 11396: 11391: 11356:Jewish folklore 11331: 11324: 11317: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11241: 11235: 11203:stuffed cabbage 11171: 11144: 11076:Steven Universe 11052:, animation of 10940:David Hilberman 10907:Françoise Mouly 10821:Harvey Kurtzman 10657:Chris Claremont 10633:Julius Schwartz 10503:Captain America 10411:Harry Donenfeld 10380: 10379: 10378: 10377: 10363:Captain America 10343: 10342: 10341: 10333: 10332: 10321: 10315: 10242: 10233: 10224: 10215: 10213:Alexander Bogen 10206: 10197: 10188: 10153:Garry Winogrand 10130:Louise Nevelson 9994:Adolph Gottlieb 9986:Alexander Bogen 9938:Itzhak Danziger 9715: 9709: 9703: 9697: 9610: 9600: 9589: 9583: 9580: 9569: 9556: 9552: 9545: 9512:Bukharan Jewish 9504: 9498: 9486:Debbie Friedman 9450:Richard Rodgers 9442:George Gershwin 9410: 9321: 9312: 9303: 9294: 9285: 9276: 9267: 9258: 9099:George Gershwin 9063:Ignaz Moscheles 9043:Ferdinand David 8971:Austria-Hungary 8927: 8925:Classical music 8891: 8885: 8879: 8863:David Schwimmer 8855:Alyson Hannigan 8807:William Shatner 8760:Law & Order 8715:Garry Shandling 8697:co-creators of 8695:Sheldon Leonard 8570:Game of Thrones 8537:was created by 8421:Brooklyn Bridge 8385:Jewish diaspora 8365:Walter Winchell 8299:Jewish American 8279: 8055: 8041: 8009:Abram Avdalimov 7994::Шими Дербенди) 7921:Abram Avdalimov 7904: 7898: 7771:Hebrew language 7756: 7729:Lillian Hellman 7663:Lower East Side 7661:was set in the 7658:West Side Story 7388:Sigmund Romberg 7384:Emmerich Kalman 7336:Lower East Side 7319:Laurence Maslon 7285: 7259: 7251:Weimar Republic 7165:Sarah Bernhardt 7158: 7040: 7038:Yiddish theatre 7034: 7032:Yiddish theatre 7029: 6947: 6938: 6929: 6920: 6918:Boris Pasternak 6911: 6902: 6900:Sholem Aleichem 6893: 6884: 6876: 6862:Biblical poetry 6851:Nathan Alterman 6837:, pioneered by 6795:Biblical poetry 6727:Arthur Koestler 6722:The Giving Tree 6504:Sholem Aleichem 6434:, German poet, 6400:Sholem Aleichem 6385:Lower East Side 6337:Gutenberg Bible 6322: 6296: 6288:Main articles: 6286: 6236: 6234:Richard Feynman 6227: 6218: 6209: 6160: 6151: 6149:Albert Einstein 6142: 6133: 6112:co-creators of 6098:Lee Felsenstein 6094:Drip irrigation 6030:Theodore Maiman 5999: 5946:Stanley Milgram 5834:Crystallography 5738:Richard M. Karp 5718:Axiom of choice 5662:Vitaly Ginzburg 5646:Felix Hausdorff 5626:Steven Weinberg 5469:Oedipus complex 5463:and discovered 5457:psychopathology 5391:Richard Feynman 5312:Richard Feynman 5144:Albert Einstein 5128:Judah ibn Verga 5109:Bonet de Lattes 4920: 4914:Jewish medicine 4906: 4892: 4851:excommunication 4804: 4779:, derived from 4773:political right 4732: 4718: 4712: 4655: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4498:Walter Benjamin 4466:Jacques Derrida 4386:Moses Almosnino 4307:Elia del Medigo 4259:Isaac Abravanel 4229:wrote the text 4154:Hellenistic era 4084: 4078: 4070:Main articles: 4068: 3983:Sephardi Jewish 3828:Jewish diaspora 3820:united monarchy 3816: 3802: 3748: 3719: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3679: 3678: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3638: 3637: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3611:Maccabiah Games 3583: 3582: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3535: 3534: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3483:Yiddish theatre 3472: 3471: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3414: 3413: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3371: 3370: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3339:Medieval Hebrew 3249: 3248: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3080:Jewish folklore 2868:Forbidden Fruit 2827: 2826: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2795:Judeo-Malayalam 2603:Lishanid Noshan 2496: 2495: 2451: 2406: 2405: 2293: 2283: 2282: 2273:Judeo-Malayalam 2253:Judaeo-Georgian 2173: 2164: 2154: 2153: 2054:Yiddish theatre 1996: 1934: 1924: 1923: 1882: 1855: 1845: 1844: 1781: 1734: 1658: 1252: 1036:Genetic studies 1007: 997: 996: 814: 804: 803: 791: 790: 710: 709: 702: 692: 687: 669:and Middle Ages 667:Rabbinic period 654: 648: 641: 629: 600: 586: 556: 549: 540: 532: 528: 519: 514:in Judaism 511: 496: 419: 409: 408: 288: 278: 277: 221: 209: 154: 86: 75: 69: 66: 56:Please help to 55: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18832: 18822: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18809:Jewish culture 18794: 18793: 18791: 18790: 18788:Westernization 18785: 18780: 18775: 18770: 18768:Visegrád Group 18765: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18708:Nordic Council 18705: 18700: 18695: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18675: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18603:Bucharest Nine 18600: 18595: 18590: 18585: 18580: 18575: 18570: 18568:Arctic Council 18565: 18560: 18555: 18550: 18545: 18539: 18537: 18531: 18530: 18528: 18527: 18522: 18517: 18516: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18480: 18475: 18474: 18473: 18463: 18457: 18455: 18449: 18448: 18446: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18434: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18412: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18366: 18365: 18364: 18363: 18362: 18352: 18351: 18350: 18345: 18344: 18343: 18333: 18332: 18331: 18321: 18320: 18319: 18294: 18292: 18286: 18285: 18283: 18282: 18281: 18280: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18259: 18258: 18246: 18245: 18244: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18203: 18202: 18197: 18187: 18186: 18185: 18178:Existentialism 18175: 18170: 18165: 18160: 18155: 18150: 18145: 18140: 18135: 18129: 18127: 18121: 18120: 18118: 18117: 18116: 18115: 18110: 18105: 18100: 18090: 18089: 18088: 18078: 18077: 18076: 18071: 18061: 18060: 18059: 18049: 18044: 18043: 18042: 18037: 18032: 18022: 18021: 18020: 18010: 18009: 18008: 17998: 17997: 17996: 17991: 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17965: 17964: 17954: 17949: 17948: 17947: 17937: 17936: 17935: 17925: 17924: 17923: 17913: 17908: 17907: 17906: 17896: 17891: 17890: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17868: 17866: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17856: 17855: 17854: 17849: 17839: 17838: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17742: 17737: 17736: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17715: 17714: 17713: 17711:Late antiquity 17703: 17697: 17695: 17689: 17688: 17686: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17664: 17663: 17662: 17661: 17656: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17626: 17621: 17615: 17613: 17609: 17608: 17597: 17596: 17589: 17582: 17574: 17565: 17564: 17562: 17561: 17554: 17542: 17530: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17511: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17409: 17408: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17322: 17321: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17299:Cultural probe 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17224:Cross-cultural 17221: 17219:Coffee culture 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17189:Animal culture 17185: 17183: 17179: 17178: 17176: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17164: 17163: 17153: 17148: 17147: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17111: 17105: 17103: 17099: 17098: 17096: 17095: 17093:Transculturism 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17074: 17073: 17063: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17026:Culture change 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16862: 16860: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16852: 16850:Visual culture 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16830:Safety culture 16827: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16757: 16752: 16747: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16696: 16695: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16654: 16653: 16651:Cross-cultural 16643: 16638: 16633: 16628: 16623: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16602: 16600: 16596: 16595: 16593: 16592: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16576: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16534: 16533: 16523: 16522: 16521: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16465: 16463: 16459: 16458: 16456: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16354: 16353: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16328: 16322: 16320: 16316: 16315: 16313: 16312: 16310:Culture theory 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16271: 16269: 16265: 16264: 16254: 16251: 16250: 16243: 16242: 16235: 16228: 16220: 16211: 16210: 16208: 16207: 16193: 16173: 16170: 16169: 16167: 16166: 16165: 16164: 16163: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16146:non-Christian 16144: 16143: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16102: 16095: 16088: 16083: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16042: 16037: 16036: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16004: 16002: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15992: 15987: 15986: 15985: 15980: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15938: 15937: 15936: 15931: 15921: 15916: 15915: 15914: 15904: 15903: 15902: 15892: 15887: 15886: 15885: 15880: 15869: 15867: 15861: 15860: 15858: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15845:Shulchan Aruch 15842: 15841: 15840: 15835: 15833:Sefer Yetzirah 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15813:Pardes Rimonim 15810: 15803:Kabbalah texts 15800: 15799: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15773: 15772: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15747: 15741: 15739: 15733: 15732: 15730: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15693: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15681: 15680: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15649: 15648: 15643: 15642: 15641: 15636: 15615: 15613: 15607: 15606: 15604: 15603: 15598: 15596:Land of Israel 15593: 15592: 15591: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15570: 15569: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15548: 15547: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15521: 15520: 15509: 15507: 15501: 15500: 15498: 15497: 15492: 15491: 15490: 15489: 15488: 15483: 15482: 15481: 15474: 15472:Judeo-Alsatian 15464: 15463: 15462: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15399: 15398: 15393: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15337: 15336: 15331: 15326: 15324:Judeo-Hamedani 15321: 15316: 15311: 15301: 15299:Judaeo-Occitan 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15280: 15279: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15258: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15240:Jewish English 15237: 15232: 15231: 15230: 15229: 15228: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15171:Judaeo-Aramaic 15168: 15167: 15166: 15161: 15159:Judeo-Tunisian 15156: 15151: 15149:Judeo-Moroccan 15146: 15145: 15144: 15142:Judeo-Baghdadi 15129: 15124: 15119: 15118: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15046: 15044: 15032: 15031: 15028: 15027: 15025: 15024: 15023: 15022: 15021: 15020: 15010: 15009: 15008: 14998: 14993: 14991:Livornese Jews 14988: 14978: 14973: 14972: 14971: 14961: 14960: 14959: 14958: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14882: 14881: 14880: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14854: 14853: 14848: 14838: 14833: 14832: 14831: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14810: 14809: 14804: 14794: 14793: 14792: 14787: 14777: 14776: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14738:Afrikaner-Jode 14729: 14727: 14718: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14706: 14705: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14659: 14657: 14651: 14650: 14648: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14601: 14599: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14589: 14584: 14578: 14575: 14574: 14563: 14562: 14555: 14548: 14540: 14534: 14533: 14531:Gesher Galicia 14528: 14523: 14511: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14472: 14471:External links 14469: 14468: 14467: 14460: 14440: 14425: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14411: 14397: 14379: 14376: 14373: 14372: 14355: 14335: 14323: 14314: 14295: 14280: 14263:Dining Chicago 14242: 14211: 14192: 14179: 14153: 14123: 14093: 14065: 14033:willeisner.com 14019: 13993: 13966: 13952: 13943: 13934: 13908: 13882: 13868: 13862:. p. 66. 13848: 13818: 13792: 13778: 13753: 13720: 13700: 13684: 13661: 13652: 13629: 13625:Jewish Artists 13617: 13591: 13571: 13541: 13528: 13515: 13495: 13482: 13462: 13436: 13421: 13390:(2): 167–193. 13370: 13358: 13339: 13322: 13310:www.jmi.org.uk 13297: 13284: 13272: 13266: 13248: 13232: 13223: 13209: 13192:site, credits 13178: 13150: 13129: 13108: 13088: 13069: 13050: 13043:Alan Gomberg, 13036: 13012: 12988: 12968: 12942: 12923: 12903: 12879: 12858: 12832: 12815: 12794: 12775: 12771:New York Times 12762: 12755: 12735: 12716: 12686: 12655: 12623: 12591: 12579:britannica.com 12566: 12545: 12531: 12497: 12495:, p. 100. 12485: 12475: 12463: 12432: 12403: 12357: 12344: 12331: 12322: 12286: 12252: 12218: 12184: 12154: 12127: 12121:978-0743258210 12120: 12100: 12084: 12054: 12035:(3): 901–916. 12015: 12005: 11990: 11960: 11948:www.nature.com 11935: 11923:www.dnaftb.org 11910: 11892: 11873: 11854: 11835: 11816: 11791: 11769: 11744: 11727: 11700: 11678: 11665: 11652: 11630: 11607: 11592: 11558: 11549: 11540: 11524: 11494: 11475: 11443: 11430: 11414: 11393: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11386: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11368: 11363: 11361:Jewish studies 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11333:Society portal 11322: 11319:Judaism portal 11306: 11303: 11246:(also spelled 11244:Philo-Semitism 11239:Philo-Semitism 11237:Main article: 11234: 11233:Philo-Semitism 11231: 11227:Jewish cuisine 11175:Middle Eastern 11169:Jewish cuisine 11167:Main article: 11143: 11140: 11042:, founders of 11036:Dave Fleischer 10932:co-creator of 10891:Art Spiegelman 10855:Michael Netzer 10817:William Gaines 10581:, creators of 10521:Fantastic Four 10466:Martin Goodman 10407:Jack Liebowitz 10402:Famous Funnies 10367:Fantastic Four 10345: 10344: 10335: 10334: 10326: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10314: 10311: 10308: 10307: 10300: 10293: 10284: 10275: 10266: 10257: 10247: 10246: 10237: 10228: 10219: 10210: 10201: 10192: 10169:Sigalit Landau 10134:Herbert Ferber 10097:Wallace Berman 10090:Saul Steinberg 10086:Art Spiegelman 10070:Leonard Baskin 10066:graphic design 10054:Mexican Jewish 10038:Postmodernists 10026:Louis Schanker 10014:Milton Resnick 10010:Barnett Newman 9978:Michel Kikoine 9954:École de Paris 9905:, circa 250 CE 9879:plastic artist 9699:Main article: 9696: 9693: 9665:Julie Klausner 9645:Sammy Davis Jr 9637:Jerry Seinfeld 9606:Main article: 9602: 9601: 9566:of the subject 9564:worldwide view 9559: 9557: 9550: 9544: 9541: 9524:Ashkenazi Jews 9500:Main article: 9497: 9494: 9430:jazz standards 9409: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9390: 9381: 9372: 9363: 9354: 9345: 9336: 9326: 9325: 9316: 9307: 9298: 9289: 9280: 9271: 9262: 9179:Symphony No. 1 9107:Darius Milhaud 9091:Czech Republic 9083:Viktor Ullmann 9081:from Germany, 9073:from Austria, 9059:Jascha Heifetz 9039:Joseph Joachim 9035:Giuditta Pasta 8995:Josef Dessauer 8959:Salamone Rossi 8926: 8923: 8881:Main article: 8878: 8875: 8827:David Duchovny 8745:Steven Levitan 8730:The Cosby Show 8725:Ed. Weinberger 8649:Aaron Spelling 8625:co-creator of 8605:, creators of 8603:Marta Kauffman 8585:Damon Lindelof 8577:co-creator of 8567:, creators of 8547:Matthew Weiner 8490:Lorne Michaels 8480:Jerry Seinfeld 8377:Michael Savage 8369:David Susskind 8349:Jerry Seinfeld 8278: 8275: 8196:Michael Eisner 8168:Louis B. Mayer 8164:Samuel Goldwyn 8097:Yidl Mitn Fidl 8040: 8037: 7900:Main article: 7897: 7894: 7890:Cameri Theatre 7870:A. B. Yehoshua 7866:Yehoshua Sobol 7846:Ephraim Kishon 7834:Natan Alterman 7802:European plays 7775:Jewish-Italian 7763:Habima theater 7755: 7752: 7713:Shubert family 7709:Jerome Robbins 7697:Mandy Patinkin 7616:The King and I 7598:Porgy and Bess 7558:and Broadway, 7544:Kander and Ebb 7512:Morrie Ryskind 7418:Ludovic Halévy 7258: 7255: 7238:pro-republican 7230:Carl Zuckmayer 7218:Erwin Piscator 7206:Carl Sternheim 7200:, writes that 7157: 7154: 7110:New York Times 7036:Main article: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6989: 6980: 6971: 6962: 6952: 6951: 6945:Allen Ginsberg 6942: 6933: 6924: 6915: 6906: 6897: 6891:Heinrich Heine 6888: 6886:(c. 1075–1141) 6819:Moses ibn Ezra 6665:Michael Chabon 6655:J. D. Salinger 6609:author of the 6596:Ernst Lubitsch 6560:Heinrich Heine 6556:David Grossman 6544:Yehuda Amichai 6450:, whose novel 6432:Heinrich Heine 6416:Allen Ginsberg 6285: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6269: 6260: 6251: 6241: 6240: 6231: 6222: 6213: 6203: 6202: 6193: 6184: 6175: 6165: 6164: 6155: 6146: 6137: 6131:Garcia de Orta 6100:– designer of 6056:- inventor of 6048:– inventor of 6011:Emile Berliner 5986:Erving Goffman 5978:Theodor Adorno 5966:Roman Jakobson 5918:Polio vaccines 5872:(discovery of 5870:Selman Waksman 5864:(discovery of 5850:Julius Axelrod 5682:Boris Podolsky 5674:Yakir Aharonov 5622:Heinrich Hertz 5616:space launcher 5593:. In physics, 5557:and worked on 5523:ergodic theory 5453:psychoanalysis 5411:Walter Heitler 5387:Wolfgang Pauli 5324:Joseph Rotblat 5296:Atomic nucleus 5288:Stanislaw Ulam 5228:nuclear energy 5089:Garcia de Orta 5030:Abraham Zacuto 5000:Leviticus 14:3 4980:physical world 4891: 4888: 4827:Roman Catholic 4803: 4800: 4752:labor movement 4748:political left 4714:Main article: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4679: 4670: 4660: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4613: 4612: 4603: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4566: 4565: 4556: 4550:Baruch Spinoza 4547: 4538: 4529: 4418:Salomon Maimon 4378:Uriel da Costa 4374:Jacob Abendana 4362:Tzvi Ashkenazi 4334:Baruch Spinoza 4291:Hasdai Crescas 4243:Moses ibn Ezra 4175:Church Fathers 4147:Book of Wisdom 4103:Jewish history 4067: 4064: 4018:Passover Seder 4006:, head of the 3996:" 'am yisrael" 3883:Ottoman Empire 3832:Ashkenazi Jews 3814:Jewish history 3812:Main article: 3801: 3798: 3794:secular Jewish 3790:secularization 3766:Jewish culture 3750: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3710:Portal:Judaism 3706: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3556:Mathematicians 3553: 3548: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2898:Tower of Babel 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2858:Garden of Eden 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2688: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2656:Judeo-Moroccan 2653: 2652: 2651: 2649:Judeo-Baghdadi 2633: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2473: 2472: 2470:Jewish culture 2466: 2465: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2449: 2442: 2435: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2351: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2334:Territorialism 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2303: 2302: 2294: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2218:Judaeo-Spanish 2215: 2213:Judaeo-Iranian 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2165: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2043: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2020: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1993: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1935: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1810: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1698: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1659:United Kingdom 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1507: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1092:Bilad-el-Sudan 1089: 1084: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1048: 1047: 1045:Land of Israel 1041: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1008: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 993: 992: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 974: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 905: 904: 903:Related groups 900: 899: 898: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 836: 835: 830: 815: 810: 809: 806: 805: 800: 799: 798: 797: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 760:Jewish atheism 757: 752: 747: 739: 738: 734: 733: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711:Islamic–Jewish 706: 699: 684: 679: 671: 670: 663: 662: 661: 660: 636: 623: 595: 590: 583: 578: 576:Yehud Medinata 570: 569: 563: 562: 561: 560: 553: 546: 538: 525: 517: 505: 500: 493: 485: 484: 482:Ancient Israel 478: 477: 476: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 438:Land of Israel 435: 427: 426: 420: 415: 414: 411: 410: 405: 404: 403: 402: 397: 393:Shulchan Aruch 388: 383: 378: 373: 365: 364: 363: 362: 357: 349: 348: 342: 341: 340: 339: 334: 326: 325: 319: 318: 317: 316: 311: 306: 298: 297: 289: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 218: 213: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 171: 166: 159:God in Judaism 155: 150: 149: 146: 145: 144: 143: 138: 130: 129: 119: 118: 88: 87: 42: 40: 33: 26: 18:Jewish theater 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18831: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18806: 18804: 18789: 18786: 18784: 18781: 18779: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18733:PROSUR/PROSUL 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18628:Craiova Group 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18589: 18586: 18584: 18581: 18579: 18576: 18574: 18571: 18569: 18566: 18564: 18561: 18559: 18556: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18543:ABCANZ Armies 18541: 18540: 18538: 18532: 18526: 18523: 18521: 18518: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18485: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18472: 18469: 18468: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18458: 18456: 18454: 18450: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18410: 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18391: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18371: 18370: 18367: 18361: 18358: 18357: 18356: 18353: 18349: 18348:Protestantism 18346: 18342: 18339: 18338: 18337: 18334: 18330: 18327: 18326: 18325: 18322: 18318: 18314: 18311: 18310: 18309: 18306: 18305: 18304: 18301: 18300: 18299: 18296: 18295: 18293: 18291: 18287: 18279: 18276: 18275: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18268:Sovereigntism 18266: 18264: 18261: 18257: 18256: 18252: 18251: 18250: 18247: 18243: 18240: 18239: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18191: 18188: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18163:Scholasticism 18161: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18126: 18122: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18095: 18094: 18091: 18087: 18084: 18083: 18082: 18079: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18066: 18065: 18062: 18058: 18055: 18054: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18041: 18038: 18036: 18033: 18031: 18028: 18027: 18026: 18023: 18019: 18016: 18015: 18014: 18011: 18007: 18004: 18003: 18002: 17999: 17995: 17992: 17990: 17987: 17986: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17963: 17960: 17959: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17950: 17946: 17943: 17942: 17941: 17938: 17934: 17931: 17930: 17929: 17926: 17922: 17919: 17918: 17917: 17914: 17912: 17909: 17905: 17902: 17901: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17874: 17873: 17870: 17869: 17867: 17865: 17861: 17853: 17852:War on terror 17850: 17848: 17845: 17844: 17843: 17840: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17747: 17746: 17745:Modern period 17743: 17741: 17738: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17720: 17719: 17716: 17712: 17709: 17708: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17698: 17696: 17694: 17690: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17651: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17631: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17616: 17614: 17610: 17606: 17602: 17601:Western world 17595: 17590: 17588: 17583: 17581: 17576: 17575: 17572: 17560: 17559: 17555: 17553: 17552: 17543: 17541: 17540: 17531: 17529: 17528: 17519: 17518: 17515: 17509: 17508:Youth culture 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17493:Urban culture 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17478:Remix culture 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17453:Media culture 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17443:Languaculture 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17407: 17404: 17403: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17371:Culture shock 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17331:Cultural turn 17329: 17327: 17324: 17320: 17317: 17316: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17199:Bennett scale 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17186: 17184: 17180: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17162: 17159: 17158: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17149: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17129:Protestantism 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17116: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17106: 17104: 17100: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17072: 17071:Biculturalism 17069: 17068: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16863: 16861: 16857: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16835:Technoculture 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16815:Print culture 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16780:Enculturation 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16758: 16756: 16753: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16700:Cultural icon 16698: 16694: 16691: 16690: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16652: 16649: 16648: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16641:Cultural bias 16639: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16621:Cultural area 16619: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16606:Acculturation 16604: 16603: 16601: 16597: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16580:Super culture 16578: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16550: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16532: 16529: 16528: 16527: 16524: 16520: 16517: 16516: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16494:Legal culture 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16466: 16464: 16460: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16443:Sound culture 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16352: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16323: 16321: 16317: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16272: 16270: 16266: 16262: 16252: 16248: 16241: 16236: 16234: 16229: 16227: 16222: 16221: 16218: 16206: 16205: 16194: 16192: 16191: 16182: 16181: 16180: 16176: 16171: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16147: 16145: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16130:Protestantism 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16112: 16111: 16108: 16107: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16100: 16096: 16094: 16093: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16081: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16064: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16047: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16009: 16006: 16005: 16003: 16001: 15997: 15991: 15988: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15975: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15947: 15944: 15943: 15942: 15939: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15926: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15913: 15910: 15909: 15908: 15905: 15901: 15898: 15897: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15875: 15874: 15871: 15870: 15868: 15866: 15862: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15818:Sefer HaBahir 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15805: 15804: 15801: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15778: 15777: 15774: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15756: 15755: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15745:Sifrei Kodesh 15743: 15742: 15740: 15738: 15734: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15679: 15676: 15675: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15647: 15644: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15631: 15630: 15627: 15626: 15625: 15622: 15621: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15612: 15608: 15602: 15601:Who is a Jew? 15599: 15597: 15594: 15590: 15587: 15586: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15568: 15565: 15564: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15553: 15550: 15546: 15543: 15542: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15530:Chosen people 15528: 15526: 15523: 15519: 15516: 15515: 15514: 15511: 15510: 15508: 15506: 15502: 15496: 15493: 15487: 15486:Scots-Yiddish 15484: 15480: 15479: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15469: 15468: 15465: 15461: 15460: 15459:Klezmer-loshn 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15440: 15439: 15436: 15435: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15388: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15329:Judeo-Shirazi 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15306: 15305: 15304:Judeo-Persian 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15294:Judeo-Marathi 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15278: 15275: 15274: 15273: 15272:Judeo-Italian 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15242: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15227: 15224: 15223: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15173: 15172: 15169: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15143: 15140: 15139: 15138: 15135: 15134: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15127:Judeo-Amazigh 15125: 15123: 15120: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15052: 15051: 15048: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15037: 15033: 15019: 15016: 15015: 15014: 15011: 15007: 15004: 15003: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14983: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14970: 14967: 14966: 14965: 14962: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14950:Hadhrami Jews 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14937: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14915:Mountain Jews 14913: 14911: 14910:Egyptian Jews 14908: 14906: 14905:Bukharan Jews 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14887: 14886: 14883: 14879: 14876: 14875: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14843: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14830: 14827: 14826: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14799: 14798: 14795: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14782: 14781: 14778: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14734: 14731: 14730: 14728: 14726: 14722: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14704: 14701: 14700: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14693:Lists of Jews 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14660: 14658: 14656: 14652: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14602: 14600: 14598: 14594: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14579: 14576: 14572: 14568: 14561: 14556: 14554: 14549: 14547: 14542: 14541: 14538: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14518: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14506: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14474: 14465: 14461: 14458: 14457:0-385-26557-3 14454: 14450: 14449: 14444: 14441: 14438: 14437:0-9489117-2-7 14434: 14430: 14426: 14423: 14419: 14418: 14408: 14404: 14400: 14394: 14390: 14386: 14382: 14381: 14369: 14365: 14359: 14352: 14348: 14345:Alper, Tim. " 14342: 14340: 14332: 14327: 14318: 14310: 14306: 14299: 14291: 14284: 14268: 14264: 14260: 14258: 14252: 14246: 14230: 14226: 14222: 14215: 14207: 14203: 14196: 14189: 14183: 14168: 14164: 14157: 14146:September 18, 14141: 14137: 14133: 14132:"filmography" 14127: 14111: 14107: 14103: 14097: 14082: 14081: 14076: 14069: 14061: 14049: 14038:September 18, 14034: 14030: 14023: 14012:September 18, 14008: 14004: 13997: 13981: 13977: 13970: 13962: 13956: 13947: 13938: 13923: 13919: 13912: 13897: 13893: 13886: 13871: 13869:9781416598459 13865: 13861: 13860: 13852: 13841:September 18, 13836: 13832: 13828: 13822: 13811:September 18, 13807: 13803: 13796: 13781: 13779:9780313357473 13775: 13771: 13770: 13762: 13760: 13758: 13741: 13737: 13732: 13724: 13717: 13713: 13710: 13704: 13697: 13693: 13688: 13672: 13665: 13656: 13640: 13633: 13626: 13621: 13605: 13601: 13595: 13588: 13584: 13581: 13575: 13564:September 18, 13559: 13555: 13551: 13545: 13538: 13532: 13525: 13519: 13512: 13508: 13505: 13499: 13492: 13486: 13479: 13475: 13472: 13466: 13455:September 18, 13450: 13446: 13440: 13434: 13430: 13425: 13409: 13405: 13401: 13397: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13381: 13374: 13367: 13362: 13355: 13351: 13348: 13343: 13336: 13332: 13326: 13315:September 18, 13311: 13307: 13301: 13294: 13288: 13282: 13276: 13269: 13267:9780375422348 13263: 13259: 13252: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13227: 13218: 13216: 13214: 13206: 13202: 13198: 13195: 13194:habima.org.il 13191: 13187: 13182: 13175: 13171: 13167: 13163: 13160: 13154: 13148: 13144: 13141: 13140: 13136:Shimon Levy, 13133: 13127: 13123: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13105: 13101: 13098: 13095:Shimon Levy, 13092: 13084: 13083:www.jinfo.org 13080: 13073: 13066: 13065: 13060: 13054: 13048: 13047: 13040: 13033: 13029: 13025: 13022: 13019:Jacob Baron, 13016: 13009: 13005: 13001: 12998: 12992: 12985: 12981: 12978: 12972: 12965: 12964: 12959: 12955: 12952: 12946: 12939: 12935: 12932: 12927: 12920: 12916: 12913: 12907: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12889: 12883: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12862: 12851:September 18, 12846: 12842: 12836: 12829: 12825: 12819: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12798: 12791: 12787: 12784: 12779: 12772: 12766: 12758: 12752: 12748: 12747: 12739: 12731: 12730:www.jinfo.org 12727: 12720: 12705: 12701: 12699: 12690: 12675: 12674: 12669: 12665: 12659: 12644: 12643: 12638: 12636: 12627: 12611: 12607: 12606: 12601: 12595: 12584:September 18, 12580: 12576: 12570: 12555: 12549: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12508: 12501: 12494: 12489: 12479: 12472: 12467: 12452: 12451: 12446: 12442: 12436: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12407: 12399: 12395: 12391: 12387: 12383: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12367: 12366:Maiman, T. H. 12361: 12354: 12348: 12341: 12335: 12326: 12318: 12312: 12301:September 18, 12296: 12290: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12259: 12257: 12240: 12236: 12232: 12225: 12223: 12206: 12202: 12198: 12191: 12189: 12177:September 18, 12172: 12168: 12164: 12158: 12142: 12138: 12131: 12123: 12117: 12113: 12112: 12104: 12097: 12091: 12089: 12077:September 18, 12072: 12068: 12064: 12058: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12019: 12009: 12001: 11994: 11983:September 18, 11978: 11974: 11970: 11964: 11953:September 18, 11949: 11945: 11939: 11928:September 18, 11924: 11920: 11914: 11906: 11902: 11896: 11888: 11884: 11877: 11869: 11865: 11858: 11850: 11849:www.jinfo.org 11846: 11839: 11831: 11827: 11820: 11809:September 18, 11805: 11801: 11795: 11788: 11787: 11783: 11782:public domain 11779: 11773: 11762:September 18, 11758: 11754: 11748: 11741: 11737: 11731: 11716: 11715: 11710: 11704: 11688: 11682: 11675: 11669: 11662: 11656: 11640: 11639:"Mendelssohn" 11634: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11611: 11603: 11596: 11581: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11562: 11553: 11544: 11537: 11531: 11529: 11517:September 18, 11512: 11508: 11507:meitar.org.il 11504: 11498: 11491: 11487: 11484: 11479: 11473: 11471: 11465: 11464:973-98272-2-5 11461: 11457: 11453: 11447: 11440: 11434: 11427: 11423: 11418: 11412:, 2003. p. 3. 11411: 11407: 11403: 11398: 11394: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11373: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11328: 11323: 11320: 11309: 11302: 11300: 11296: 11295:Western world 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11271: 11269: 11265: 11264:their history 11261: 11260:Jewish people 11257: 11256:fetishization 11253: 11249: 11248:philosemitism 11245: 11240: 11230: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11170: 11163: 11160:variation of 11159: 11155: 11153: 11148: 11139: 11137: 11136: 11131: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11113: 11109: 11108: 11103: 11102: 11097: 11096: 11095:Kung Fu Panda 11092: 11088: 11083: 11082: 11077: 11074:, creator of 11073: 11072:Rebecca Sugar 11069: 11068: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11056: 11051: 11050:Max Fleischer 11047: 11046: 11041: 11040:Lou Fleischer 11037: 11033: 11032: 11031:Gravity Falls 11028:, creator of 11027: 11023: 11022: 11017: 11016: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11003:Heavy Traffic 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10987:Fritz the Cat 10983: 10979: 10978: 10973: 10972: 10967: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10953: 10952: 10947: 10946: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10931: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10908: 10904: 10903: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10883:, creator of 10882: 10881:Daniel Clowes 10878: 10877: 10873:, creator of 10872: 10871:William Steig 10868: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10851: 10846: 10845: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10827: 10822: 10818: 10810: 10809: 10804: 10803: 10798: 10797: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10773: 10769: 10768:graphic novel 10765: 10764: 10759: 10755: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10741: 10740: 10735: 10734: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10722: 10717: 10716: 10711: 10710: 10704: 10702: 10701: 10696: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10662: 10658: 10654: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10638: 10634: 10630: 10629: 10624: 10623: 10618: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10590: 10589: 10585: 10584:Green Lantern 10580: 10579:Martin Nodell 10576: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10539: 10538: 10533: 10532: 10527: 10526: 10522: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10474:Marvel Comics 10471: 10467: 10463: 10462:pulp magazine 10460:In 1939, the 10458: 10456: 10452: 10451: 10450:Action Comics 10446: 10445: 10440: 10439: 10434: 10433: 10429: 10428:Green Lantern 10425: 10421: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10348: 10339: 10330: 10320: 10305: 10301: 10298: 10294: 10289: 10285: 10280: 10276: 10271: 10267: 10262: 10258: 10253: 10249: 10248: 10241: 10238: 10232: 10229: 10223: 10220: 10214: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10196: 10193: 10187: 10184: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10177:Michal Rovner 10174: 10170: 10166: 10162: 10158: 10157:Cindy Sherman 10154: 10150: 10149:Helmut Newton 10146: 10142: 10141:André Kertész 10137: 10135: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10119: 10118:Ossip Zadkine 10115: 10114:Jacob Epstein 10111: 10105: 10102: 10098: 10093: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10074:Al Hirschfeld 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10046:scenic design 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9998:Philip Guston 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9962:Chaim Soutine 9959: 9955: 9947: 9946:Israel Museum 9943: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9919:Salomon Adler 9916: 9912: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9892: 9888: 9885:, printed at 9884: 9880: 9876: 9872: 9869:synagogue in 9868: 9864: 9860: 9854: 9851: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9832: 9828: 9826: 9825:Beit She'arim 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9807:-style floor 9806: 9802: 9794: 9789: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9762:Mediterranean 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9714: 9708: 9702: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9649:Rachel Dratch 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9614: 9609: 9598: 9595: 9587: 9577: 9573: 9567: 9565: 9558: 9549: 9548: 9540: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9493: 9492:and others. 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9458:Mizrahi Music 9455: 9454:Irving Berlin 9451: 9447: 9446:Frank Loesser 9443: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9414: 9408:Popular music 9405: 9398: 9396: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9328: 9327: 9320: 9317: 9311: 9310:Gustav Mahler 9308: 9302: 9299: 9293: 9290: 9284: 9281: 9275: 9272: 9266: 9263: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9244: 9243:Hugo Weisgall 9240: 9239: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9159:was based on 9158: 9157: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9131:Paul Ben-Haim 9128: 9124: 9123:Lalo Schifrin 9121:from Russia, 9120: 9119:Lera Auerbach 9116: 9113:from France, 9112: 9108: 9104: 9103:Aaron Copland 9100: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9007:Austrian Jews 9004: 9003:Gustav Mahler 9000: 8999:Karl Goldmark 8996: 8993:from France, 8992: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8975:German Empire 8972: 8968: 8964: 8963:Claude Daquin 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8936: 8931: 8922: 8920: 8919:Mizrahi music 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8903:Israeli music 8900: 8899:popular music 8896: 8890: 8884: 8874: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8811:Leonard Nimoy 8808: 8804: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8793:Edward Kitsis 8790: 8789:Adam Horowitz 8786: 8785: 8780: 8776: 8775:Max Mutchnick 8772: 8771: 8766: 8762: 8761: 8757:, creator of 8756: 8752: 8751: 8750:Modern Family 8746: 8742: 8741: 8737:, creator of 8736: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8722: 8721: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8692: 8689:is based on; 8688: 8687: 8682: 8681: 8677:, creator of 8676: 8672: 8671: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8646: 8645: 8644:Melrose Place 8640: 8639: 8634: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8623:Sydney Newman 8620: 8619: 8614: 8610: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8590: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8562: 8561:David Benioff 8558: 8557: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8531: 8526: 8525: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8499: 8498:Rosie Shuster 8495: 8491: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8464: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8442:Larry Gelbart 8439: 8438:Selma Diamond 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8422: 8417: 8416:The Goldbergs 8413: 8409: 8408: 8407:The Goldbergs 8403: 8398: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8345:Billy Crystal 8342: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8317: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8302:David Sarnoff 8300: 8296: 8292: 8283: 8274: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8263: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8229:Marx Brothers 8224: 8219: 8217: 8216:Eric Hobsbawm 8213: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8200:Lew Wasserman 8197: 8193: 8192:Michael Ovitz 8189: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8158: 8153: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8110: 8105: 8104: 8099: 8098: 8093: 8092: 8091:Shir Hashirim 8087: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8067: 8062: 8061: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8024: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8013:Dagestan ASSR 8010: 8005: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7987: 7986:Dagestan ASSR 7982: 7980: 7975: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7945: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7934:Mountain Jews 7928: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7903: 7893: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7854:Aharon Megged 7851: 7847: 7843: 7842:Leah Goldberg 7839: 7835: 7831: 7826: 7822: 7821:Modern Hebrew 7817: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7764: 7760: 7751: 7749: 7744: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7733:Arthur Miller 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7705:Max Reinhardt 7702: 7701:Harold Prince 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7681:David Belasco 7678: 7677:Boris Aronson 7673: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7610:South Pacific 7606: 7605: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7524:Frank Loesser 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7485: 7484:Lee Strasberg 7481: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7458:Sophie Tucker 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7414:Opéra comique 7411: 7410: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7368:Edmund Eysler 7365: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7316: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7284: 7280: 7272: 7271:Helen Tamiris 7269:(middle) and 7268: 7267:Irving Berlin 7263: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7241: 7239: 7235: 7234:Max Reinhardt 7231: 7227: 7226:Ferenc Molnár 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7199: 7198:Fin de siècle 7195: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7166: 7162: 7153: 7151: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7127: 7123: 7121: 7120:Second Avenue 7117: 7112: 7111: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7054: 7053: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7006: 7003: 6999: 6994: 6990: 6985: 6981: 6976: 6972: 6967: 6963: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6946: 6943: 6937: 6934: 6928: 6925: 6919: 6916: 6910: 6907: 6901: 6898: 6892: 6889: 6883: 6882:Yehuda Halevi 6880: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6807:Yehuda Halevi 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6791:Hebrew poetry 6788: 6786: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6759:Maurice Druon 6756: 6755: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6691:Arthur Miller 6688: 6687: 6682: 6681:Marcel Proust 6678: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6635:Joseph Heller 6632: 6631: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6576:Jacob Epstein 6573: 6569: 6565: 6564:Gustav Mahler 6561: 6557: 6553: 6552:A.B. Yehoshua 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6536:Isaiah Berlin 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6496: 6495:Yaakov Malkin 6492: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6448:Harry Mulisch 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6428: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6350: 6349:Classical era 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6328: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6294:Jewish poetry 6291: 6274: 6270: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6235: 6232: 6226: 6223: 6217: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6198: 6194: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6167: 6166: 6159: 6156: 6150: 6147: 6141: 6140:Sigmund Freud 6138: 6135:(1501/2–1568) 6132: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6122:Ralph H. Baer 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6086:Ballpoint pen 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6068:- creator of 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6046:Edwin H. Land 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5982:Nathan Glazer 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5942:Viktor Frankl 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5886:Carl Djerassi 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5842:Dan Shechtman 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5826:nucleic acids 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5806:Melvin Calvin 5803: 5799: 5795: 5794:Sidney Altman 5791: 5790:Jacobi symbol 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5694:Moshe Carmeli 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5654:Edward Witten 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5615: 5610: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5539:hydrodynamics 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5449:Sigmund Freud 5444:Frued in 1926 5442: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5425:a pioneer in 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5359:Robert Herman 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5292:Eugene Wigner 5289: 5285: 5284: 5283:hydrogen bomb 5278: 5277:Edward Teller 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5188:neutron stars 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5122:named after, 5121: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5046:Vasco da Gama 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5024: 5021:) and birds ( 5020: 5016: 5012: 5011:Intercropping 5008: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4887: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4872: 4869:in Provence, 4868: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4811:David Ricardo 4808: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4764:Hannah Arendt 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4740: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4654: 4651: 4645: 4644:Hannah Arendt 4642: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4514:Henri Bergson 4511: 4510:Isaiah Berlin 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4486:Alfred Tarski 4483: 4482:Hilary Putnam 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4446:Samuel Hirsch 4443: 4439: 4435: 4434:Hermann Cohen 4431: 4427: 4423: 4422:Isaac Satanow 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4402:German Jewish 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4370:Isaac Cardoso 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4350:Enlightenment 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4322: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4255:Yehuda Halevi 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4201: 4200: 4194: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4026:Yaakov Malkin 4022: 4021: 4019: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3965:The Holocaust 3962: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3927:" 'am yehudi" 3924: 3920: 3916: 3915:Enlightenment 3912: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3891:ghettoization 3888: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3840:Sephardi Jews 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3822:. Since then 3821: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3778:ethnoreligion 3775: 3771: 3770:Jewish people 3767: 3761: 3756: 3745: 3740: 3738: 3733: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3704: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3675:Other aspects 3674: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3344:Modern Hebrew 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3307:Jewish poetry 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2913:Cain and Abel 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2888:Gog and Magog 2886: 2884: 2883:Promised Land 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2785:Judeo-Marathi 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2571:Judeo-Aramaic 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2286: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2258:Judeo-Aramaic 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2248:Judeo-Italian 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2228:Ghardaïa Sign 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1927: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1853:Denominations 1849: 1848: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1681:United States 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1295: 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16428:Postcritique 16195: 16188: 16174: 16097: 16090: 16078: 16061: 16044: 15878:perspectives 15864: 15712:Samaritanism 15673:Neo-Hasidism 15653:Conservative 15567:Names of God 15476: 15457: 15267:Judaeo-Greek 15262:Judeo-Gascon 15201:Lishán Didán 15196:Lishana Deni 15164:Judeo-Yemeni 15132:Judeo-Arabic 15006:Meshuchrarim 14925:Persian Jews 14858:Kurdish Jews 14836:Kaifeng Jews 14785:Beta Abraham 14748:Galitzianers 14703:Antisemitism 14678:Israeli Jews 14663:Assimilation 14463: 14446: 14443:Gabler, Neal 14428: 14421: 14388: 14367: 14358: 14350: 14330: 14326: 14317: 14308: 14298: 14289: 14288:Marks, Gil. 14283: 14273:September 1, 14271:. 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Retrieved 11511:the original 11506: 11503:"Meitar.org" 11497: 11478: 11467: 11455: 11446: 11438: 11433: 11425: 11422:Biale, David 11417: 11405: 11397: 11370: 11272: 11251: 11247: 11242: 11223:Matzah balls 11172: 11150: 11133: 11117:Looney Tunes 11115: 11107:Warner Bros. 11105: 11099: 11085: 11079: 11065: 11059: 11053: 11043: 11029: 11019: 11015:Fire and Ice 10985: 10982:Ralph Bakshi 10977:Harvey Beaks 10975: 10969: 10961:Looney Tunes 10959: 10956:Friz Freleng 10949: 10943: 10933: 10925:Samurai Jack 10923: 10917: 10911: 10900: 10894: 10884: 10874: 10848: 10842: 10835:Al Feldstein 10824: 10814: 10808:Fire and Ice 10806: 10805:(1978), and 10800: 10794: 10787:Ralph Bakshi 10777:Eisner Award 10770: 10761: 10756: 10744:Al Feldstein 10737: 10731: 10725: 10719: 10713: 10707: 10705: 10698: 10664: 10641:Jenette Kahn 10626: 10620: 10610: 10592: 10582: 10559:Jerry Siegel 10548: 10542: 10537:S.H.I.E.L.D. 10535: 10529: 10519: 10493: 10486:Larry Lieber 10459: 10448: 10442: 10438:Wonder Woman 10436: 10418: 10400: 10395: 10381: 10359:The Avengers 10222:Marc Chagall 10204:Diego Rivera 10161:Steve Lehman 10145:Robert Frank 10138: 10106: 10094: 10042:Russian Jews 10018:Jack Tworkov 9970:Jules Pascin 9966:Marc Chagall 9958:Montparnasse 9951: 9941: 9915:Emancipation 9910: 9908: 9856: 9829: 9798: 9752:and the two 9733: 9731: 9721: 9681:Groucho Marx 9673:Andy Samberg 9657:Ilana Glazer 9621:Jewish humor 9619: 9608:Jewish humor 9590: 9581: 9561: 9517: 9502:Jewish dance 9470:Avior Malasa 9434:Harold Arlen 9424:of American 9419: 9403: 9392: 9383: 9374: 9356: 9347: 9338: 9329: 9319:Clara Haskil 9246: 9236: 9228: 9214: 9211:Ernest Bloch 9204: 9198: 9190: 9183:assimilation 9168: 9154: 9135:Shulamit Ran 9075:Hanns Eisler 9055:Leopold Auer 8947:sacred music 8943:Emancipation 8940: 8907:Israeli folk 8892: 8883:Jewish music 8871:Mayim Bialik 8796: 8795:creators of 8782: 8781:creators of 8768: 8758: 8748: 8738: 8728: 8718: 8708: 8698: 8684: 8678: 8668: 8662: 8652: 8642: 8636: 8626: 8616: 8606: 8592: 8589:J. J. Abrams 8578: 8568: 8554: 8551:The Sopranos 8550: 8534: 8530:The Sopranos 8528: 8522: 8520: 8505: 8502:Alan Zweibel 8483: 8468:antisemitism 8461: 8456:worked with 8419: 8415: 8405: 8399: 8388: 8381:Howard Stern 8353:Eddie Cantor 8341:Andy Kaufman 8337:Gilda Radner 8329:Milton Berle 8318: 8288: 8261: 8254: 8244: 8226: 8221: 8212:David Geffen 8184:Adolph Zukor 8161: 8143: 8142:(1948), and 8137: 8133:Mirele Efros 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8109:Green Fields 8107: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8056: 8033: 8025: 8017:Roman Izyaev 8006: 7997: 7989: 7983: 7979:World War II 7976: 7961: 7953:Soviet Union 7946: 7931: 7917:Roman Izyaev 7910: 7858:Moshe Shamir 7850:Hanoch Levin 7824: 7818: 7777:writer from 7768: 7745: 7717:Julie Taymor 7674: 7656: 7653:antisemitism 7646: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7614: 7608: 7602: 7596: 7590: 7583:Harold Arlen 7579:assimilation 7568: 7548:"Golden Age" 7504:Ira Gershwin 7488: 7438:Eddie Cantor 7407: 7396:Rudolf Friml 7392:Oscar Straus 7360:Paul Abraham 7353: 7349: 7302:Stella Adler 7286: 7243: 7214:Ernst Toller 7203: 7194:Paul Johnson 7173:Emancipation 7170: 7147: 7133:directed by 7128: 7124: 7108: 7106: 7095: 7061: 7050: 6936:Isaac Asimov 6799:Hebrew Bible 6789: 6782: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6752: 6746: 6736: 6730: 6720: 6710: 6702:The Crucible 6700: 6694: 6684: 6674: 6668: 6658: 6648: 6638: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6607:Isaac Asimov 6604: 6572:Marc Chagall 6532:Martin Buber 6508:Itzik Manger 6490: 6488: 6451: 6425: 6419: 6393: 6354: 6323: 6168: 6158:Emmy Noether 6110:Andi Gutmans 6106:Zeev Suraski 6090:Simcha Blass 6038:Robert Adler 6026:MIG aircraft 6000: 5990:Georg Simmel 5970:Edward Sapir 5958:Noam Chomsky 5950:Solomon Asch 5922:Paul Ehrlich 5914:Albert Sabin 5874:Streptomycin 5854:Bernard Katz 5846:Quasicrystal 5814:Otto Wallach 5810:Calvin Cycle 5754:cryptography 5698:Gauge theory 5686:Nathan Rosen 5648:(founder of 5619: 5571:Emmy Noether 5509: 5465:transference 5447: 5399:Fritz London 5363:Ralph Alpher 5328: 5280: 5254:World War II 5250:atomic bombs 5243: 5238:Castle Romeo 5203: 5180:astrophysics 5164:Isaac Newton 5142: 5135: 5117: 5087: 5081: 5056: 5054:lunar crater 5048:and also by 5042:Solar System 5037: 5027: 5004: 4976:Hebrew Bible 4973: 4949:Fields Medal 4945:Turing Award 4925:Jewish quota 4921: 4876: 4865:in Navarre, 4861:in England, 4855: 4820: 4760:Emma Goldman 4744: 4626:Emma Goldman 4502:Raymond Aron 4426:19th century 4327: 4205:Between the 4204: 4197: 4151: 4135:Hebrew Bible 4131:Ecclesiastes 4111: 4100: 4097:(circa 1190) 4059:(CSJO), and 4050: 4040: 4039: 4024: 4014: 4013: 3995: 3992: 3985:couple from 3950: 3931: 3926: 3909: 3905:polytheistic 3898: 3876: 3856:Central Asia 3852:Western Asia 3848:Mizrahi Jews 3817: 3765: 3764: 3695:Architecture 3493:Jewish dance 3382:Philosophers 3305: 3304: 3078: 3077: 2923:Burning bush 2863:Tree of Life 2848:Adam and Eve 2790:Judeo-Berber 2676: 2675: 2637:Judeo-Arabic 2635: 2634: 2588:Lishán Didán 2583:Lishana Deni 2569: 2568: 2500: 2499: 2469: 2461: 2397:Post-Zionism 2268:Judeo-Berber 2263:Judeo-Arabic 2223:Judeo-Gascon 1970:Pidyon haben 1931: 1889:Conservative 1435:Saudi Arabia 1253:South Africa 1242:Sierra Leone 1064:Israeli Jews 978:Mosaic Arabs 931:Kaifeng Jews 792:Arab–Israeli 765:Emancipation 644:Great Revolt 453:Anti-Judaism 448:Antisemitism 443:Name "Judea" 238:Baal teshuva 91: 76: 67: 48: 18718:Open Balkan 18536:integration 18466:Rule of law 18461:Natural law 18438:Agnosticism 18416:Hellenistic 18394:Anglo-Saxon 18324:Catholicism 18263:Atlanticism 18168:Rationalism 17974:Immigration 17957:Esotericism 17815:World War I 17780:Romanticism 17760:Reformation 17740:Renaissance 17718:Middle Ages 17683:Christendom 17612:Foundations 17551:WikiProject 17483:Tea culture 17386:Culturalism 17356:Culture gap 17319:Pop-culture 17119:Catholicism 17041:Culture war 16499:Low culture 16398:Culturomics 16305:Culturology 16120:Catholicism 15702:Hellenistic 15540:Eschatology 15478:Lachoudisch 15403:Lotegorisch 15381:Lachoudisch 15371:Koiné Greek 15284:Judeo-Latin 15221:Palestinian 15115:Palestinian 14964:Mustaʿravim 14890:Afghan Jews 14878:Berber Jews 14802:Bene Israel 14790:Falash Mura 14780:Beta Israel 14698:Persecution 14640:Middle Ages 14309:Bon Appetit 14255:"Eat this! 14167:The Forward 14086:February 2, 14056:|last= 13677:October 18, 13645:October 18, 13554:www.gwu.edu 13414:January 12, 13295:p. 462-463. 12963:The Forward 12616:November 1, 12507:Teicher, M. 12456:February 4, 11645:October 22, 11383:Yiddishkeit 11291:stereotyped 11283:South Korea 11252:Judeophilia 11135:Freakazoid! 11026:Alex Hirsch 10865:creator of 10857:creator of 10844:The Phantom 10841:creator of 10758:Will Eisner 10700:Moon Knight 10674:Kitty Pryde 10670:Quicksilver 10653:Neil Gaiman 10649:Peter David 10575:Bill Finger 10555:Joe Shuster 10391:Silver ages 10383:Graphic art 10349:(left) and 10244:(1919–2001) 10235:(1899–1981) 10226:(1887–1985) 10217:(1916–2010) 10208:(1886–1957) 10199:(1884–1920) 10190:(1830–1903) 10126:Oscar Nemon 10062:Frida Kahlo 10056:artist was 10022:Mark Rothko 10006:Lee Krasner 9944:, 1939 The 9875:wood-carver 9838:Kabbalistic 9805:Hellenistic 9746:Middle Ages 9695:Visual arts 9689:Ben Shwartz 9677:Gene Wilder 9669:Don Rickles 9641:Larry David 9438:Jerome Kern 9323:(1895–1960) 9314:(1860–1911) 9305:(1829–1894) 9296:(1819–1880) 9287:(1813–1888) 9278:(1809–1847) 9269:(1805–1847) 9260:(1791–1864) 9187:David Amram 9153:; Halevy's 9139:Grand Opera 9047:Carl Tausig 9031:John Braham 8867:Lisa Kudrow 8847:Katey Sagal 8831:Fred Savage 8823:Hank Azaria 8779:David Kohan 8765:David Shore 8735:David Milch 8707:creator of 8691:Aaron Ruben 8675:Gideon Raff 8659:Chuck Lorre 8633:Darren Star 8615:creator of 8599:David Crane 8575:Ron Leavitt 8573:TV series; 8565:D. B. Weiss 8543:show runner 8539:David Simon 8476:Larry David 8458:Norman Lear 8446:Carl Reiner 8430:Woody Allen 8390:tabula rasa 8333:Joan Rivers 8249:(1983), or 8237:Woody Allen 8180:Marcus Loew 7913:Ashig Garib 7806:Shakespeare 7721:Edna Ferber 7693:Joseph Papp 7689:Zero Mostel 7643:Alfred Uhry 7587:Yip Harburg 7564:Lionel Bart 7516:Cole Porter 7492:Jerome Kern 7454:Molly Picon 7434:Fanny Brice 7400:librettists 7328:songwriters 7171:From their 7148:Montreal's 7047:Hana Rovina 6949:(1926–1997) 6940:(1920–1992) 6931:(1905–1982) 6922:(1890–1960) 6913:(1883–1924) 6909:Franz Kafka 6904:(1859–1916) 6895:(1797–1856) 6743:Saul Bellow 6707:Will Eisner 6600:Woody Allen 6588:Franz Kafka 6528:Isaac Babel 6520:Saul Bellow 6516:Philip Roth 6444:Franz Kafka 6440:Isaac Babel 6412:Saul Bellow 6408:Philip Roth 6238:(1918–1988) 6229:(1904–1967) 6220:(1903–1957) 6211:(1885–1962) 6162:(1882–1935) 6153:(1879–1955) 6144:(1856–1939) 6082:Laszlo Biro 6074:Sergei Brin 6050:Land Camera 6015:disc record 5954:linguistics 5906:Hepatitis B 5758:Judea Pearl 5690:EPR paradox 5543:game theory 5489:death drive 5481:unconscious 5423:Asher Peres 5377:structure, 5269:Leó Szilárd 5218:influenced 5192:black holes 5172:nuclear age 5096:Renaissance 5009:proscribes 4935:and 27% in 4823:Middle Ages 4777:proselytize 4657:(1902–1994) 4648:(1906–1975) 4639:(1889–1951) 4630:(1869–1940) 4621:(1745–1812) 4563:(1729–1786) 4554:(1632–1677) 4536:(1194–1270) 4470:Karl Popper 4460:founder of 4424:. The next 4366:David Nieto 4342:Rationalism 4336:founder of 4267:Joseph Albo 4227:Saadia Gaon 4211:Middle Ages 4207:Ancient era 4183:Christology 4152:During the 4055:(SHJ), the 3937:Romanticism 3147:Baal Berith 2948:Golden calf 2943:Mount Sinai 2928:Ten Plagues 2805:Koiné Greek 2723:Piedmontese 2623:Palestinian 2564:Palestinian 2392:Revisionist 2382:Neo-Zionism 1989:Zeved habat 1782:Puerto Rico 1608:Netherlands 1440:South Korea 1425:Philippines 1305:Afghanistan 1172:Ivory Coast 946:Crypto-Jews 911:Bnei Anusim 890:Bene Israel 855:Beta Israel 812:Communities 719:Middle Ages 458:Persecution 233:Bereavement 62:introducing 18803:Categories 18738:Rio Treaty 18249:Relativism 18207:Liberalism 18173:Empiricism 18125:Philosophy 18113:Secularism 18064:Philosophy 18001:Literature 17795:Capitalism 16548:Subculture 16326:Bioculture 16115:Anabaptism 16057:Jew (word) 15924:Leadership 15737:Literature 15722:Secularism 15668:Humanistic 15535:Conversion 15505:Philosophy 15346:Judeo-Urdu 15110:Babylonian 14955:Saada Jews 14940:Adeni Jews 14733:Ashkenazim 14688:Samaritans 14655:Population 14610:Israelites 14235:October 3, 13696:amazon.com 13429:Leo Rosten 12013:Wisconsin. 11720:October 7, 11693:October 7, 11389:References 11275:East Asian 11125:Animaniacs 11091:Madagascar 11081:DreamWorks 11055:Betty Boop 11021:Cool World 10935:South Park 10930:Matt Stone 10752:Jack Kamen 10637:Joe Kubert 10495:Spider-Man 10482:Jack Kirby 10464:publisher 10397:Max Gaines 10371:Spider-Man 10351:Jack Kirby 10317:See also: 10101:R.B. Kitaj 10050:Léon Bakst 10034:Modernists 9834:Rabbinical 9831:Middle Age 9821:sarcophagi 9801:gold glass 9758:Common Era 9750:Tabernacle 9705:See also: 9701:Jewish art 9661:Jan Murray 9633:vaudeville 9584:April 2017 9482:Eyal Golan 9478:Eden Alene 9233:Kurt Weill 9079:Kurt Weill 9051:Henri Herz 8987:Paul Dukas 8887:See also: 8843:Adam Brody 8835:Zach Braff 8815:Mila Kunis 8767:, creator 8710:60 Minutes 8705:Don Hewitt 8635:, creator 8628:Doctor Who 8494:Al Franken 8454:Rob Reiner 8450:Neil Simon 8434:Mel Brooks 8373:Larry King 8361:Jack Benny 8325:Sid Caesar 8267:Boston JFF 8233:Mel Brooks 8043:See also: 7955:headed by 7787:Kabbalists 7737:Neil Simon 7430:Jack Benny 7426:vaudeville 7364:Leo Ascher 7317:Professor 7308:Professor 7294:philosophy 7277:See also: 7118:prices on 7100:(1919) by 7097:The Dybbuk 7088:Ashkenazic 7052:The Dybbuk 6860:See also: 6650:Goosebumps 6645:R.L. Stine 6524:S.Y. 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