Kashrut - Knowledge

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placed recently in Der Yid and Der Blatt, two of the Satmar community's Yiddish newspapers, made clear in strong and unequivocal language that only certain cell phones were acceptable: those that bore the rabbinic endorsement, the hekhsher, of the Vaad Harabanim Le Inyenei Tikshoret, the Rabbinic Commission on Communications. On the rabbinically approved phone, there's no Internet, no camera, no text-messaging options. A 'kosher cell phone' is one that resembles nothing so much as, well, a phone. What's more, calls are limited to those within the network of other 'kosher cell phone' users who, as it happens, are readily identifiable by the sequencing of their phone numbers.

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to conditions in the family. A treef is inherited from the father's side, but it can be revealed in a dream, often by a woman. In addition, a woman must take into account special food taboos during pregnancy. There is great importance attached to the treef; if a child observes the treef of his father, and yet experiences a skin condition, this is seen as a strong indication that the child was begotten by the woman with another man. Finally treef also be acquired later in life by wearing certain charms that compel you to abstain from certain foods.

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strictly to kashrut. The exact definition may vary between communities and individuals, reflecting diverse interpretations and practices related to Jewish dietary laws. The term also relates to products marketed as "kosher style," prompting some regions to establish legislation to clarify labeling and prevent consumer misunderstanding. For instance, kosher-style pickles might be produced without kosher certification or supervision but are associated with Jewish culinary tradition.

2567: 11112: 9415: 9445: 3134: 84: 78: 9435: 11126: 3997: 1093: 7997: 3572: 1702: 3081: 1514:, to be displayed by the food establishment or on the product, which indicates that they are in compliance with the kosher laws. This labeling is useful for many people, including those whose religions expect adherence to a similar set of dietary laws, people with allergies to dairy foods, or vegans, who use the various kosher designations to determine whether a food contains meat or dairy-derived ingredients. 9425: 2789: 90: 3546:"Kosher style" allows for variation in adherence to kashrut, reflecting different practices within the Jewish community. For some, kosher style implies abstinence from non-kosher animals, like pork and shellfish, and the avoidance of mixing meat and dairy in meals. These individuals may consume meat from animals that are kosher but not necessarily slaughtered according to kashrut standards. 3069: 8004: 2093: 2352: 3427:, most U.S. national certifying agencies are non-profit, only charging for supervision and on-site work, for which the on-site supervisor "typically makes less per visit than an auto mechanic does per hour". However, re-engineering an existing manufacturing process can be costly. Certification usually leads to increased revenues by opening up additional markets to 1629:

to be drawn into the physical world; Hasidism argues that the food laws are related to the way such channels, termed 'sparks of holiness', interact with various animals. These 'sparks of holiness' are released whenever a Jew manipulates any object for a 'holy reason' (which includes eating); however,

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by abstaining from pork or shellfish or by not drinking milk with meat dishes. Some keep kosher at home but eat in non-kosher restaurants. In 2012, one analysis of the specialty food market in North America estimated that only 15% of kosher consumers were Jewish. Kosher meat is regularly consumed by

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on Leviticus, says "n explanation now almost universally rejected is that the laws in this section have hygiene as their basis. Although some of the laws of ritual purity roughly correspond to modern ideas of physical cleanliness, many of them have little to do with hygiene. For example, there is no

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In much the same way that the designations 'kosher' and 'treyf' are used to refer not only to ritually acceptable foodstuffs but also to socially acceptable or unacceptable forms of behavior, these designations are now being publicly applied to the latest forms of technology as well. Advertisements

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certain groups of people have long adhered to belief in treef, especially among people of African descent. The consumption of certain foods is prohibited, in the belief that it could cause major diseases, particularly leprosy. These prohibitions can vary individually, but it is inextricably related

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This flexible practice emerged in the 1920s amongst Jews assimilating into American society, who sought connection to their heritage without fully observing dietary laws. The term is broad and encompasses foods that could be kosher, like chicken noodle soup or pareve meals (neither meat nor dairy),

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The notion of "kosher style" serves individuals and communities navigating between strict religious observance and cultural identification with Jewish culinary traditions. Hasia Diner, a professor of American Jewish history at New York University, suggests that "kosher-style" represents a balancing

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released a document regarding genetically modified organisms, stating that modification of gene sequences via the introduction of foreign DNA in order to convey a specific capability in the new organism is allowable, that entirely new species should not be intentionally created, and that the health

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For example, dairy manufacturing equipment can be cleaned well enough that the rabbis grant pareve status to products manufactured with it but someone with a strong allergic sensitivity to dairy products might still react to the dairy residue. This is why some products that are legitimately pareve

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in a product's labeling unless the producer can show that the product conforms to Jewish dietary laws; however, different jurisdictions often define the legal qualifications for conforming to Jewish dietary laws differently. For example, in some places the law may require that a rabbi certify the

1383:) are those that contain kosher meat, such as beef, lamb or venison, kosher poultry such as chicken, goose, duck or turkey, or derivatives of meat, such as animal gelatin; non-animal products that were processed on equipment used for meat or meat-derived products must also be considered as meat ( 3353:

hotdogs launched a "we answer to a higher authority" campaign to appeal to Jews and non-Jews alike. From that point on, "kosher" became a symbol for both quality and value. The kosher market quickly expanded, and with it more opportunities for kosher products. Menachem Lubinsky, founder of the

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and their milk are eligible to be considered kosher. The giraffe has both split hooves and chews its cud, characteristics of animals considered kosher. Findings from 2008 show that giraffe milk curdles, meeting kosher standards. Although kosher, the giraffe is not slaughtered today because the

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Over time, the meaning of "kosher style" has evolved and expanded, reflecting changes within Jewish communities and broader society. In contemporary practice, "kosher style" is often encountered at social events and gatherings, where meals might exclude certain non-kosher items but not adhere

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should be categorized as laws for which there is no particular explanation since the human mind is not always capable of understanding divine intentions. In this line of thinking, the dietary laws were given as a demonstration of God's authority, and man must obey without asking why. Although

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Kosher Dills are made the same way, but generous doses of garlic are added to the brine at the end. Just because they're called 'kosher dills' doesn't mean they are produced according to Kosher law - you have to check the label to see if Rabbinical supervision certified that particular brand

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by religion claimed to keep kosher in their homes. Pork consumption in particular seems to be a bigger taboo than other non-Kosher eating practices among Jews, with 41% claiming to at least abstain from eating pork. American Jews are generally less strict about Kosher laws when compared to

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Jewish and Non-Jewish Creators of "Jewish" Languages: With Special Attention to Judaized Arabic, Chinese, German, Greek, Persian, Portuguese, Slavic (modern Hebrew/Yiddish), Spanish, and Karaite, and Semitic Hebrew/Ladino; a Collection of Reprinted Articles from Across Four Decades with a

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not all animal products are capable of releasing their 'sparks of holiness'. The Hasidic argument is that animals are imbued with signs that reveal the release of these sparks, and the signs are expressed in the biblical categorization of ritually 'clean' and ritually 'unclean'.

1980:)—this law derives from the broad interpretation of the commandment not to "cook a kid in its mother's milk"; other non-kosher foods are permitted for non-dietary use (e.g. to be sold to non-Jews), but Jews are forbidden to benefit from mixtures of meat and milk in any way. 2184:) is necessary to allow birds to be consumed, even if it can be substantiated that they meet all four criteria. The only exception to this is the turkey. There was a time when certain authorities considered the signs sufficient, so Jews started eating this bird without a 3204:

Many of the certification symbols are accompanied by additional letters or words to indicate the category of the product, according to Jewish law; the categorization may conflict with legal classifications, especially in the case of food that Jewish law regards as

2541:), "blanching." This was believed to constrict the blood lodged within the meat, to prevent it from oozing out when the meat was eaten. The raw meat is left in the pot of boiling water for as long as it takes for the meat to whiten on its outer layer. 3250:

In many cases constant supervision is required because, for various reasons such as changes in manufacturing processes, products that once were kosher may cease to be so. For example, a kosher lubricating oil may be replaced by one containing

2329:, the practice of keeping separate sets of dishes developed only in the late 14th and 15th centuries. It is possible observant Jews before then waited overnight for the meat or dairy gravy absorbed in a pot's walls to become insignificant ( 2871:

is sometimes made from stomach linings, yet is acceptable for making kosher cheese. Gelatins derived from kosher animal sources (which were ritually slaughtered) are also pareve. Other gelatin-like products from non-animal sources such as

6512: 1938:)—according to Leviticus 19:23, fruit from a tree in the first three years after planting may not be consumed (both in the Land of Israel and the diaspora). This applies also to the fruit of the vine—grapes, and wine produced from them. 2411:

The body of the slaughtered animal must be checked after slaughter to confirm that the animal had no medical condition or defect that would have caused it to die of its own accord within a year, which would make the meat unsuitable.

2487:) the raw meat is traditionally cut, salted, and rinsed, prior to cooking. Salting of raw meat draws out the blood that lodges on the inner surface of the meat. The salting is done with coarse grain salt, commonly referred to as 3695:

guidelines. Sometimes the term "coarse kosher salt" is used to designate salt that is both kosher style and kosher certified. The term "fine kosher salt" is sometimes used for salt that is certified kosher but not kosher style.

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Biblical rules also control the use of agriculture produce, for example, with respect to their tithing, or when it is permitted to eat them or to harvest them, and what must be done to make them suitable for human consumption.

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seedlings being supplied with extracts from the meat of various animals; Macht reported that in 100% of cases, extracts from ritually 'unclean' meat inhibited the seedling's growth more than that from ritually 'clean' meats.

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even if they don't meet halakhic standards. Diner points out the term is “oxymoronic,” creating an illusion of kashrut where the true emphasis is on a style of cuisine rather than compliance with religious dietary laws.

2978:, a whole new type of food has been brought into the world, and scholars in both academia and Judaic faith have differing viewpoints on whether these new strains of foods are to be considered kosher or not. The first 3466:

In some European Jewish communities, kosher supervision of meat includes a "tax" used to fund Jewish education in the community, which makes kosher meat more expensive than the cost of supervision alone would imply.

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are fully defined in law, and in others still it is sufficient that the manufacturer only believes that the product complies with Jewish dietary regulations. In several cases, laws restricting the use of the term

3126:: this involves a visit to the manufacturing facilities by an individual rabbi or a committee from a rabbinic organization, who will inspect the production methods and contents and, if everything is sufficiently 3718:

is simply a pickle made in the traditional manner of Jewish New York City pickle-makers, using a generous addition of garlic to the brine, and is not necessarily compliant with the traditional Jewish food laws.

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Although reading the label of food products can identify obviously non-kosher ingredients, some countries allow manufacturers to omit identification of certain ingredients. Such "hidden" ingredients may include

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While any produce that grows from the earth, such as fruits, grains, vegetables and mushrooms, is always permissible, laws regarding the status of certain agricultural produce, especially that grown in the

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The Torah prohibits "cooking the kid (goat, sheep, calf) in its mother's milk". While the Torah does not provide a reason, it has been suggested that the practice was perceived as cruel and insensitive.

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has procedures by which equipment can be cleaned of its previous non-kosher or meat/dairy use, but those may be inadequate for vegetarians, those with allergies, or adherents to other religious laws.

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Food producers often look to expand their markets or marketing potential, and offering kosher food has become a way to do that. The uniqueness of kosher food was advertised as early as 1849. In 1911

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According to the Shulchan Aruch, a six-hour waiting period is recommended between consuming meat and dairy. During this time, it is generally advised to abstain from brushing and rinsing the mouth.

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Observant Jews have separate sets of dishes, and sometimes different kitchens, for meat and milk, and wait anywhere between one and six hours after eating meat before consuming milk products. The

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is that it is a decree from the Torah, there have been attempts to provide scientific support for the view that Jewish food laws have an incidental health benefit. One of the earliest is that of

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Observant Jews often keep separate sets of meat and dairy utensils for Passover use only. In addition, some groups follow various eating restrictions on Passover that go beyond the rules of

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Some such utensils, depending on the material they are made from, can be made suitable for preparing kosher food again by immersion in boiling water or by the application of a blowtorch.

2154:(predatory bird) is not kosher. Additionally, kosher birds possess three physical characteristics: an extra toe in the back (which does not join the other toes in supporting the leg), a 1406:) contain milk or any derivatives such as butter or cheese; non-dairy products that were processed on equipment used for milk or milk-derived products must also be considered as milk ( 3518:

or 0.3% of the American population fully keep kosher, and many more of them do not strictly follow all of the rules but still abstain from some prohibited foods, especially pork. The

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to consume flesh torn from a live animal. Hence, Jewish law considers this prohibition applicable even to non-Jews, and therefore, a Jew may not give or sell such meat to a non-Jew.

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Adherents to other faiths, including Moslems and Seventh-Day Adventists, look to kosher certification for a variety of reasons (including making sure the product is pork free).

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Manufacturers sometimes identify the products that have received such certification by adding particular graphical symbols to the label. These symbols are known in Judaism as

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In the United States, the cost of certification for mass-produced items is typically minuscule and is usually more than offset by the advantages of being certified. In 1975

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Fish (and kosher locusts, for those who follow the traditions permitting them) must be killed before being eaten, but no particular method has been specified in Jewish law.

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1:47 and other 20th century rabbinic authorities who rule that strict government supervision prevents the admixture of non-kosher milk, making supervision unnecessary. See

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Non-kosher birds are listed outright in the Torah, but the exact zoological references are disputed and some references refer to families of birds (24 are mentioned). The

5225: 2524:, who required that the meat not be larger than half a "rotal" (i.e. roughly 216 grams (7.6 oz)) when salting. This allows the effects of the salt to penetrate. 6079: 7508: 4185: 2044:)—wine that while not produced for idolatrous purposes may otherwise have been poured for such a purpose or alternatively when consumed will lead to intermarriage. 2830:

usually certifies that certain vegetables have been checked for insect infestation and steps have been taken to ensure that cooked food meets the requirements of

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can be classified according to the origin of the prohibition (Biblical or rabbinical) and whether the prohibition concerns the food itself or a mixture of foods.

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must be checked for insect infestation. The proper procedure for inspecting and cleaning varies by species, growing conditions, and views of individual rabbis.

1991:)—in the Land of Israel different species of plants are to be grown separately and not in close proximity according to Leviticus 19:19 and Deuteronomy 22:9–11. 6663: 3271:

among the Jewish community discusses which products are now questionable, as well as products which have become kosher but whose labels have yet to carry the

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concurs that all the statutes of the Torah are decrees, he is of the view that whenever possible, one should seek out reasons for the Torah's commandments.

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flavorings, these ingredients are more likely to be derived from non-kosher substances. Furthermore, certain products, such as fish, have a high rate of

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have started to certify products, manufacturers, and restaurants as kosher, usually authorizing the use of a proprietary symbol or certificate, called a

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decided to allow female kosher supervisors to work in its kitchens on military bases, and the first women kosher inspectors were certified in Israel.

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activists view the process as cruel, claiming that the animal may not lose consciousness immediately, and activists have called for it to be banned.

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and other edible vegetation. They remain pareve if they are not mixed with or processed using equipment that is used for any meat or dairy products.

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of the various rabbis and organisations are too numerous to list, but one of the most commonly used in the United States of America is that of the

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Some Orthodox Jewish communities require the additional stricture of submersing raw meat in boiling water prior to cooking it, a practice known as

7195: 3193:(the method by which other symbols are protected from misuse), it only indicates that the company producing the product claims that it is kosher. 11157: 11006: 2312:(literally "milky" and "meaty") utensils and dishes are the commonly referred-to Yiddish delineations between dairy and meat ones, respectively. 4375: 3463:

organizations in the United States, claims that "when positioned next to a competing non-kosher brand, a kosher product will do better by 20%".

1354:; blood may never be consumed and must be removed from meat by a process of salting and soaking in water for the meat to be permissible for use. 1604:

argues that the laws "have been given to awake pious thoughts and to form the character". This view reappears in the work of the 19th-century

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the previous year) until the second day of Passover; there is debate as to whether this law applies to grain grown outside the Land of Israel.

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Jewish law generally requires that bread be kept pareve (i.e., not kneaded with meat or dairy products nor made on meat or dairy equipment).

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writes, "the dichotomy of the kitchen into a meat and a milk section, so basic in an observant Jewish household, is never mentioned in the

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designation as an assurance that a food contains no animal-derived ingredients, including milk and all of its derivatives. However, since

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grains that are strictly forbidden during Passover and the certification is a guarantee that it is free from this type of contamination.

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Although plants and minerals are nearly always kosher, vegetarian restaurants and producers of vegetarian foods are required to obtain a

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evidence that the 'unclean' animals are intrinsically bad to eat or to be avoided in a Mediterranean climate, as is sometimes asserted."

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process would be very costly. Giraffes are difficult to restrain, and their use for food could cause the species to become endangered.

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laws, some suggest that they are only tests of obedience, while others have suggested philosophical, practical and hygienic reasons.

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A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Vol. IV. p. 252

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A pareve food is one which is neither meat nor dairy. Fish fall into this category, as well as any food that is not animal-derived.

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with milk and milk derivatives: separate equipment for the storage and preparation of meat-based and dairy-based foods must be used.

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receives a year-long kosher for Passover certification. This year-long certification means that the tobacco is certified also for

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is a form of salt with irregularly shaped crystals, making it particularly suitable for preparing meat according to the rules of

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The Jewish Dietary Laws: Dietary laws regarding plants and vegetables, with particular reference to the produce of the Holy Land

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is of significance, and that the foreign gene accounts for less than 1/60 of the animal and thus the modified salmon is kosher.

2917:, but this does not apply to cannabis from elsewhere. At least one brand of cannabis edibles is certified to follow the laws of 10112: 9566: 9365: 5609: 4274: 3550:

act between tradition and assimilation, providing a sense of Jewish identity through food without strict adherence to kashrut.

3538:. Nearly three times as many Israeli Jews reported that they commit to keeping kosher in their homes and 84% do not eat pork. 2325:." Goitein believed that in the early Middle Ages Jewish families kept only one set of cutlery and cooking ware. According to 10107: 7940: 7498: 7430: 7397: 7319: 7288: 7258: 7068: 7043: 6617: 6455: 6268: 5235: 5111: 5090: 4745: 4627: 4545: 4458: 4254: 4210: 3333:

became the first company to advertise one of their products, Crisco, as kosher. Over the next two decades, companies such as

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Carnivores; animals that do not chew the cud (e.g., the pig); animals that do not have cloven hooves (e.g., the camel, the

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estimated the cost per item for obtaining kosher certification at 6.5 millionths of a cent ($ 0.000000065) per item for a

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Utensils used for non-kosher foods become non-kosher, and make even otherwise kosher food prepared with them non-kosher.

2423:) include 70 different categories of injuries, diseases, and abnormalities whose presence renders the animal non-kosher. 1012: 17: 5634: 4729:

For a comprehensive review of the issue involving the difficulty that neither the hyrax nor the hare are ruminants, see

4353: 4116: 2966:, but the Chief Rabbinate has objected to granting of any certification by rabbis because of health risks from tobacco. 10939: 9816: 8405: 5688:"The rennet must be kosher, either microbial or from special productions of animal rennet using kosher calf stomachs." 5529: 1428:; Yiddish: "neutral") products contain neither meat, milk nor their respective derivatives; they include foods such as 7087: 9967: 9821: 7571: 4588: 3775:

and is used as a name for organisations which supervise the production of kosher foods. They typically only certify

2459: 1123: 2737:); the fruit of the first three years of a tree's growth or replanting are forbidden for eating or any other use as 2022:)—milk that may have an admixture of milk from non-kosher animals (see below for current views on this prohibition). 1234:‎), meaning "fit" (in this context: "fit for consumption"). Food that may not be consumed, however, is deemed 9876: 9784: 7826: 7776: 6670: 5472: 4737:

The Camel, the Hare & the Hyrax: A Study of the Laws of Animals with One Kosher Sign in Light of Modern Zoology

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Producers of foods and food additives can contact Jewish religious authorities to have their products certified as

1551:) into three groups—laws that have a rational explanation and would probably be enacted by most orderly societies ( 11041: 10235: 8438: 6865: 5583: 3166: 1490:) and elaborated on in the later rabbinical literature. Although the Torah does not state the rationale for most 1172:

dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to

3196: 1790:)—an animal with a significant defect or injury, such as a fractured bone or particular types of lung adhesions. 9917: 9477: 2499:(approximately 18–24 minutes). Afterwards, the residue of salt is rinsed away with water, and the meat cooked. 2056: 1433: 4696: 4329: 2178:. However, individual Jews are barred from merely applying these regulations alone; an established tradition ( 11018: 10339: 8810: 7801: 7738: 6893:"Jews in U.S. are far less religious than Christians and Americans overall, at least by traditional measures" 6605: 6400: 6392: 5807: 1429: 5779: 11081: 10949: 10944: 10132: 10117: 9881: 9836: 9581: 7872: 7851: 3959: 3519: 3382: 1557:), laws that are understood after being explained but would not be legislated without the Torah's command ( 985: 7655: 7528: 2276:

All, except particular types of locust or grasshopper that, according to most, cannot be identified today

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in the same pot, they could simply scoop out the film, froth and scum that surface in the boiling water.

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because they have no cloven hooves, and the pig because it does not ruminate) are specifically excluded.

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are non-kosher apart from certain types of locust, on which most communities lack a clear tradition. No

11000: 10894: 10545: 10439: 10147: 10080: 9641: 9531: 9385: 8870: 8840: 7891: 7796: 7771: 4270: 3987: 1814:)—particular parts of the abdominal fat of cattle, goats and sheep must be removed by a process called 196: 100: 4303: 11162: 11116: 11056: 10954: 10934: 10804: 10729: 10589: 10456: 10142: 10102: 9470: 8054: 7933: 7624: 7129: 5753: 5066:

after eating meat, can I use dental floss, and rinsing my mouth, and eat milk without waiting 6 hours

3310: 3119:, which may result in a non-kosher fish being sold in a package labeled as a species of kosher fish. 2824:, certifying that a rabbinical organization has approved their products as being kosher, because the 1986: 1710: 1525:. And numerous scholarly and popular works exist on these topics, covering both practice and theory. 216: 159: 6241: 6221: 5038: 2945:

where different restrictions may be in place. Tobacco may, for example, come into contact with some

2004:; this law applies to Jews throughout the world, and a Jew may not derive benefit from such produce. 11036: 10867: 10166: 10041: 9360: 8089: 7234:

by Mordechai Schmutter for the "5 Towns Jewish Times", 21 September 2023. Accessed 23 October 2023.

7008: 5230: 4246: 3942: 1799:)—the blood of kosher mammals and fowl is removed through salting, with special procedures for the 1077: 975: 698: 6112: 3161:

of certain Jewish authorities may at times be considered invalid by other Jewish authorities. The

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are subject to different rabbinical opinions. For example, many hold that the rule against eating

10989: 10978: 10572: 10493: 10198: 10097: 10036: 9922: 9895: 9400: 8731: 8703: 7816: 7516:"Is Kosher Meat Halal? A Comparison of the Halakhic and Shar’i Requirements for Animal Slaughter" 6168: 6138: 5668: 4065: 4050: 3137: 2219:, is generally not kosher, as well as any animal that has been partially eaten by other animals. 1327:

are kosher; the consumption of the flesh of any animals that do not meet these criteria, such as

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Adapting to Abundance: Jewish Immigrants, Mass Consumption, and the Search for American Identity

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The laws of kashrus: a comprehensive exposition of their underlying concepts and applications

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relates mainly to food, it sometimes occurs in other contexts. Some Orthodox retailers sell

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and thus against Jewish Law and non-kosher. Others argue that the one in sixty parts law of

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Meat that is roasted requires no prior salting, as fire causes a natural purging of blood.

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are not served at the same meal, served or cooked in the same utensils, or stored together.

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is still debated, but its initial halachic use related specifically to lighting candles on

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often means "legitimate", "acceptable", "permissible", "genuine", or "authentic". The word

3424: 3116: 2904: 1916: 1522: 1047: 980: 135: 6822:. Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Section of the American Folklore Society. 1996. p. 79 6490: 4376:"An Experimental Pharmalogical Appreciation of Leviticus XI and Deuteronomy XIV" 1661:, an Orthodox Jew and proponent of the theory of biblical scientific foresight, conducted 8: 10734: 10702: 10628: 10537: 10483: 10090: 9890: 9624: 9589: 9313: 8780: 8431: 8028: 7882: 7408: 6423: 6363: 5832: 4769: 3737:

is a term most commonly used with the meaning of enhanced or stricter kashrut rules. Its

3330: 2994: 2983: 2975: 2318: 1002: 693: 466: 302: 9434: 6917:"57% of US Jews eat pork, and 9 other findings from new Pew study | The Times of Israel" 4821: 2867:

Some processes convert a meat- or dairy-derived product into a pareve one. For example,

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to allow for drainage, remaining so for the duration of time that it takes to walk one

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Kashruth: A Comprehensive Background and Reference Guide to the Principles of Kashruth

6553: 5689: 2998:

implications of genetically modified foods must be considered on an individual basis.

2986:

and, while salmon is normally an acceptably kosher food, this modified organism has a

10850: 10781: 10663: 10648: 10431: 10302: 10267: 9556: 9444: 9318: 9273: 9167: 7887: 7494: 7426: 7393: 7315: 7284: 7254: 7064: 7039: 6636: 6613: 6461: 6451: 6264: 6009: 5354: 5107: 5086: 4998: 4741: 4623: 4584: 4541: 4498: 4454: 4250: 4206: 4152: 3628: 2963: 2740: 2623:

has stricter dietary rules, the most important of which is the prohibition on eating

1538: 1517:

The laws of Kashrut are a major area covered in traditional rabbinic ordination; see

1450: 485: 280: 188: 9438: 8416: 7210:

at "Balashon: Hebrew Language Detective", 7 December 2009. Accessed 23 October 2023.

6964: 6962: 6960: 5557: 4109: 3286:

are non-kosher products that have characteristics of kosher foods, such as all-beef

2591:(Sabbath) may not be eaten; although in certain instances it is permitted after the 2113:

Only meat from particular species is permissible. Mammals that both chew their cud (

11152: 10916: 10884: 10845: 10816: 10799: 10749: 10550: 10359: 10292: 10245: 10193: 10161: 10152: 10137: 10011: 9986: 9962: 9846: 9777: 9694: 9561: 9268: 9175: 8959: 8891: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8805: 8795: 8741: 8736: 8617: 8607: 8578: 8542: 8467: 8342: 8175: 8102: 7856: 7781: 7557: 7453: 7446:, JTSA, 1992, pp. 302–378 (for laws of kashrut in general) & 110–117 (for 6396: 4090: 3895: 3873: 3798: 3715: 3648: 2702: 2605: 2408:. Failure to meet any of these criteria renders the meat of the animal non-kosher. 2326: 2208: 1841:'s was damaged when he fought with an angel, so may not be eaten and is removed by 1771:)—meat from a kosher animal that has not been slaughtered according to the laws of 1674: 1542: 1284: 1274: 1262: 1241: 1215: 1207: 1183: 1109: 771: 670: 406: 367: 352: 108: 83: 31: 6577: 6513:"Obtaining Kosher Certification: The Engineering Implications for Food Processing" 5125:"The Development of a Waiting Period Between Meat and Dairy: 9th – 14th Centuries" 5124: 2558:

is not required when roasting meat over a fire, as the fire constricts the blood.

10826: 10821: 10633: 10560: 10393: 10364: 10287: 10277: 10240: 10215: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10006: 10001: 9991: 9976: 9767: 9684: 9651: 9609: 9599: 9011: 8979: 8896: 8825: 8820: 8675: 8642: 8586: 8447: 8395: 8375: 8230: 7961: 7811: 7806: 7509:"Pork Consumption as an Identity Marker in Ancient Israel: The Textual Evidence," 7418: 7358: 7278: 7248: 6957: 6841: 6817: 6703: 5897: 5812: 5696: 5553: 4735: 4531: 4357: 4103: 3922: 3821: 3592: 3584: 3350: 3178: 2534: 2517: 2175: 2121:

can be kosher. Animals with one characteristic but not the other (the camel, the

1618: 1219: 1007: 915: 809: 362: 154: 119: 42: 3781:-level products, but are not the only agencies specialised in applying enhanced 3526:, preaches a health message which expects adherence to the kosher dietary laws. 3387:

Advertising standards laws in many jurisdictions prohibit the use of the phrase

3001:

Some put forth that this intermixing of species is against the teachings of the

11130: 11105: 10926: 10833: 10791: 10771: 10759: 10739: 10653: 10643: 10611: 10604: 10584: 10555: 10527: 10522: 10488: 10398: 10322: 10312: 10250: 10048: 9996: 9907: 9902: 9664: 9659: 9594: 9523: 9418: 9380: 9103: 8964: 8713: 8708: 8424: 8370: 8127: 8069: 7902: 7713: 7708: 7645: 7383: 7035:

The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: Volume 2, J-Z

6726: 6640: 6557: 6236: 5480: 5449: 4716: 4710: 4013: 4001: 3912: 3763: 3456: 3141: 3073: 3049: 3032: 2833: 2692: 2624: 2512: 2393: 2161: 2108: 2079:)—certain foods and mixtures are considered a health risk, such as mixtures of 2050: 2017: 1894: 1872: 1729: 1446: 1324: 1097: 871: 666: 555: 461: 357: 233: 221: 164: 147: 114: 6992: 6741: 5413: 5171: 5144: 4978: 4967: 4900: 4874: 4842: 4684: 4670: 4656: 4642: 4567: 3653: 2880:

are pareve by nature. Fish gelatin, like all kosher fish products, is pareve.

2426:

It is forbidden to consume certain parts of the animal, such as certain fats (

11146: 10899: 10744: 10671: 10478: 10412: 10385: 10334: 10282: 10255: 10230: 10220: 9981: 9927: 9861: 9841: 9831: 9826: 9799: 9745: 9674: 9619: 9093: 9053: 9043: 8989: 8906: 8790: 8670: 8665: 8652: 8568: 8251: 8142: 8064: 7966: 7733: 7274: 7244: 6810: 6766: 6336:"First women kashrut inspectors certified in Israel - San Diego Jewish World" 5358: 5302: 4924: 4731: 4518: 4487: 4476: 4418: 4361: 4238: 4141: 4032: 3979: 3825: 3644: 3620: 3530: 3515: 3444: 3420: 3346: 3338: 3315: 3108: 2710: 2496: 2470: 2435: 2405: 2294: 2212: 1834: 1751: 1346:

Kosher mammals and birds must be slaughtered according to a process known as

1340: 1223: 923: 838: 347: 247: 211: 77: 7666:

Prohibition against slaughtering an animal and its offspring on the same day

6866:"A Portrait of Jewish Americans: Chapter 4: Religious Beliefs and Practices" 5278: 5199: 4432:, eds. J. Barton and J. Muddiman. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 99. 3828:

who came to Suriname in the 17th century. This is also the source of Sranan

2451:

process; this is usually done through soaking and salting the meat, but the

1518: 10879: 10676: 10638: 10599: 10188: 9932: 9871: 9851: 9811: 9794: 9762: 9750: 9711: 9629: 9604: 8835: 8785: 8680: 8451: 8352: 7986: 7907: 7897: 7841: 7786: 7700: 7680: 7231: 7091: 6443: 6439: 5376: 5340: 5203: 4537: 4299: 4008: 3849: 3802: 3535: 3342: 3319: 3299: 3295: 3283: 3200:

Stamp for identifying food as kosher. Collection of Auschwitz Jewish Centre

2718: 2610: 2521: 2452: 2389: 2322: 2293:

Meat and milk (or derivatives) may not be mixed in the sense that meat and

1922: 1859: 1828: 1800: 1779:. This prohibition includes animals that have been slaughtered by non-Jews. 1706: 1696: 1057: 1052: 997: 876: 781: 741: 688: 642: 446: 255: 7538: 7165: 5735: 3451:

who wish to avoid dairy products (products that are reliably certified as

3026:

Certain foods must be prepared in whole or in part by Jews. This includes

2268:

All non-fish. Among fish, all those that do not have both fins and scales

2215:. Any animal that eats other animals, whether they kill their food or eat 41:"Treyf" redirects here. For the politically left-wing Jewish podcast, see 10889: 10404: 10329: 10307: 10210: 9804: 9733: 9728: 9716: 9706: 9448: 9207: 8931: 8921: 8757: 8512: 8190: 7981: 7976: 7743: 7718: 7439: 5642: 5350:

R. Yitzhak al-Fasi's Commentary on Tractate Hullin (Chapter Kol ha-Basar)

5344: 3969: 3917: 3683: 3263:. In some cases, however, existing stocks of pre-printed labels with the 3057: 3027: 2877: 2843: 2805: 2566: 2488: 2118: 2096: 2065: 1959: 1902: 1733: 1658: 1475: 683: 140: 5710:"Kosher Gelatin:How a Product from Beef Can be Used in Dairy Delicacies" 2644:

are also forbidden on Passover unless they have been ritually cleansed (

1478:. Their details and practical application, however, are set down in the 89: 10983: 10690: 10272: 9866: 9614: 9536: 9303: 9293: 9183: 9159: 9118: 9088: 9073: 9038: 9020: 8926: 8860: 8266: 7971: 7846: 7690: 6134: 6108: 5613: 5587: 5507: 5371: 5132:

Oqimta: Studies in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature. 4: 79-84, note 222

4740:(illustrated ed.). Zoo Torah in association with Targum/Feldheim. 4333: 4307: 4278: 3954: 3932: 3355: 2861: 2726: 1910: 1759: 1665:

experiments on many kinds of animals and fish. His experiment involved

1645: 1580: 1479: 928: 678: 471: 266: 7336:"Orthodox Jews in United Kingdom offer 'kosher' certified cell phones" 6031: 5664: 5069: 4533:

Major Concepts of the Talmud: An Encyclopedic Resource Guide, Volume 1

2516:, ruled that the pieces of meat can be "very thick" when salting. The 1740:); any birds of prey; any fish without fins or scales (thus excluding 10904: 10369: 10260: 10171: 9789: 9723: 9395: 9288: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9146: 9113: 9068: 9058: 8997: 8974: 8969: 8911: 8901: 8865: 8502: 8482: 7614: 7031: 6869: 6198:. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from 6167:. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from 5713: 3738: 3323: 3291: 3190: 3133: 3104: 3100: 2873: 2809: 2670: 2397: 2200: 2001: 1626: 1471: 1365:

Every food that is considered kosher is also categorized as follows:

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believes that everyday life is imbued with channels connecting with

30:"Kasher" and "Kosher" redirect here. For people with this name, see 10623: 10565: 10510: 10505: 10176: 9462: 9323: 9258: 9253: 9151: 9123: 9048: 9033: 8946: 8657: 8537: 8390: 8327: 8235: 8220: 8215: 8200: 8117: 8018: 7836: 7650: 7604: 7447: 6724:

Yitzchok Frankfurter (Nov 15, 2017). "Between Kosher & Halal".

3813: 3768: 3742: 3636: 3349:

evolved and gave the kosher market more shelf-space. In the 1960s,

3235: 3149: 3093: 3085: 2942: 2912: 2819: 2662: 2620: 2614: 2492: 2377: 2358: 2346: 2133: 2114: 1950: 1774: 1755: 1737: 1454: 1378: 1349: 953: 938: 901: 891: 886: 751: 637: 590: 576: 433: 382: 201: 174: 6465: 6318:"IDF To Allow Female Kosher Supervisors To Work on Military Bases" 4360: (archived August 29, 2007), rabbifriedman.org (archived from 4069:(ed. M. Friedländer), Part III (chapter 48), New York 1956, p. 371 4054:(ed. M. Friedländer), Part III (chapter 26), New York 1956, p. 311 4033:"Eating locusts: The crunchy, kosher snack taking Israel by swarm" 3905: 3076:(OU). "Pareve" means no ingredients are derived from milk or meat. 2793: 2751:, and unless managed carefully is forbidden as a violation of the 2745:; produce grown in the Land of Israel on the seventh year obtains 10722: 10717: 10707: 10695: 10515: 10500: 10444: 10379: 10354: 10317: 10181: 9856: 9755: 9679: 9571: 9497: 9390: 9350: 9240: 9138: 9098: 9078: 9063: 9028: 8522: 8507: 8477: 8472: 8380: 8332: 8317: 8312: 8300: 8288: 8283: 8271: 8225: 8167: 8137: 8132: 8033: 7723: 7685: 7222:, by Rabbi Yehudah Prero for Torah.org. Accessed 23 October 2023. 7196:"In Israel, what is the difference between l'mehadrin and badatz" 5784: 4859: 4078: 3571: 3405:

have later been determined to be illegal religious interference.

3287: 3267:

may continue to be used on the now non-kosher product. An active

3220: 2948: 2938: 2839: 2630: 2586: 2465:

Some believe that this ensures the animal dies instantly without

2418: 2369: 2216: 2171: 2141: 1944: 1785: 1741: 1701: 1483: 1437: 1401: 1173: 1037: 943: 861: 766: 756: 711: 571: 566: 537: 525: 493: 339: 323: 318: 308: 271: 69: 49: 7996: 3080: 2366:

Mammals and fowl must be slaughtered by a trained individual (a

2337:) before using the pot for the other foodstuff (meat or dairy). 1673:

At the same time, these explanations are controversial. Scholar

10909: 10776: 10712: 9298: 9263: 9199: 9191: 9128: 9108: 9083: 8492: 8400: 8385: 8347: 8337: 8322: 8307: 8293: 8278: 8256: 8180: 8152: 8147: 8122: 8112: 8107: 8038: 8023: 7831: 7791: 7761: 7675: 7670: 7599: 6057: 5757: 5638: 5561: 5348: 4146: 3949: 3867: 3833: 3771: 3640: 3576: 3486: 3432: 3252: 3177:. In Britain, commonly used symbols are the "KLBD" logo of the 3037: 3002: 2868: 2855: 2797: 2771: 2754: 2676: 2439: 2429: 2145: 2100: 2092: 2032: 1888: 1817: 1809: 1593: 1487: 1416: 1319:

are numerous and complex, they rest on a few basic principles:

1299: 1042: 933: 881: 866: 856: 851: 824: 819: 802: 776: 761: 746: 721: 716: 632: 585: 560: 542: 456: 451: 428: 387: 377: 313: 290: 285: 7918: 5353:(in Hebrew). ha-Agudah le-Hatzalat Ginzei Teiman. p. 98. 3499:, and people with allergies to dairy foods often consider the 3305: 1198: 10860: 10855: 10809: 10764: 10685: 10680: 9944: 9699: 9669: 8261: 8210: 8205: 7728: 7619: 6702:. Agri-Food Trade Service, Canada. March 2012. Archived from 6192:"Origins of neon relish and other Chicago hot dog conundrums" 4854: 3974: 3508: 3496: 3491: 3436: 3053: 2788: 2777: 2696: 2241: 2204: 2122: 1933: 1882: 1876: 1838: 1666: 1662: 1605: 1467: 948: 846: 795: 788: 652: 647: 627: 622: 617: 532: 520: 515: 510: 503: 498: 423: 295: 261: 7384:

Samuel H. Dresner; Seymour Siegel; David M. Pollock (1982).

3072:

The circled U means a product is certified as kosher by the

2864:

are also considered pareve despite being an animal product.

2000:, the prohibition of planting any grain or vegetable near a 1964:)—wine that may have been dedicated to idolatrous practices. 10959: 9493: 9328: 8685: 8637: 8497: 7533: 6834: 6578:"Dispelling a rumor - there is no kosher tax or Jewish tax" 3068: 2987: 2801: 2462:

are governed not only by Jewish law but civil law as well.

2237: 2126: 2080: 1597: 1332: 1328: 1290: 1250: 1192: 1032: 547: 7549: 7543: 7198:

at "Mi Yodeya", 7 December 2009. Accessed 23 October 2023.

6742:"Who Eats Kosher? Do You Have to Be Jewish to Eat Kosher?" 3785:

rules, since there are non-badatz agencies also doing so.

3627:

but it can also sometimes mean "proper". For example, the

3290:, or are flavored or prepared in a manner consistent with 2993:

In 2015, the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the

1732:—any mammals without certain identifying characteristics ( 1195: 8003: 4036: 3643:

king (reigned 522–486 BCE), fostered the building of the

3428: 2800:

in a commercially available bag of barley. Foods such as

2544:

If someone wanted to use the water for soup after making

2455:, as it is rich in blood, is grilled over an open flame. 2351: 2211:.) Insects are not kosher, except for certain species of 2103:(lower right). Horse hooves (upper right) are not cloven. 1622: 7061:

A concise dictionary of English slang and colloquialisms

6944:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

3140:(circled K) symbol with a dairy designation on a bag of 5912:"Chalav Yisrael – Part I: Rav Soloveitchik's View" 5828:

Halakhic Perspectives on Genetically Modified Organisms

4453:. Brooklyn, N.Y: Mesorah Publications. pp. 32–49. 4117:"Is there a reason why we are required to keep kosher?" 3181:

and the "MK" logo of the Manchester Beth Din. A single

1949:)—the Bible prohibits newly grown grain (planted after 1281:). In case of objects the opposite of kosher is pasúl ( 7220:"Chanukah: Mehadrin – An Understanding of the Concept" 3189:, but since many countries do not allow letters to be 2909:

For cannabis grown in Israel, the plants must observe

2445:

As much blood as possible must be removed through the

8446: 6483:"The "Kosher Tax" Hoax: Anti-Semitic Recipe for Hate" 5808:"Rabbis fired up over kosher cigarettes for Passover" 5780:"Marijuana Is Always Kosher, as Long as You Smoke It" 3985: 3529:

Surveys conducted in 2013 and 2020 found that 22% of

3173:

inside a circle ("O-U"), symbolising the initials of

2307: 2301: 2070:)—this law was enacted for concerns of intermarriage. 2031:)—cheese that may have been produced with non-kosher 1563:), and laws that do not have a rational explanation ( 1399: 1376: 1296: 1253: 1189: 6941:"1. Comparisons between Jews in Israel and the U.S." 6723: 3006: 2957: 2956:

In Israel, this certification is given by a private

2946: 2918: 2910: 2886: 2831: 2825: 2817: 2769: 2763: 2752: 2746: 2738: 2732: 2724: 2716: 2708: 2700: 2668: 2660: 2654: 2645: 2639: 2628: 2592: 2584: 2553: 2545: 2528: 2505: 2482: 2446: 2427: 2416: 2383: 2375: 2367: 2356: 2330: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2165: 2155: 2149: 2074: 2063: 2048: 2039: 2026: 2015: 1995: 1984: 1973: 1957: 1942: 1931: 1920: 1908: 1900: 1892: 1880: 1866: 1851: 1842: 1826: 1815: 1807: 1794: 1783: 1772: 1766: 1717: 1639: 1592:

are symbolic in character: kosher animals represent

1587: 1573: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1509: 1501: 1491: 1461: 1407: 1393: 1384: 1370: 1347: 1314: 1302: 1287: 1247: 1244: 1153: 1145: 1137: 7488: 6993:"A Hebrew and English lexicon of the Old Testament" 6357:"The Constitutional Complexity of Kosher Food Laws" 6284: 5530:"Overview of Jewish Dietary Laws & Regulations" 1293: 1186: 7385: 7032:Eric Partridge; Tom Dalzell; Terry Victor (2006). 6971:"From Pickles to Salmon, the Joys of Kosher-Style" 6427: 5975: 4762: 3965:Products without kosher certification requirements 2087: 4581:Jewish Switzerland: 50 Objects Tell Their Stories 4578: 4243:The mitzvot: the commandments and their rationale 3776: 3661:can also form part of some common product names. 2982:approved by the FDA for human consumption is the 2635:. This prohibition is derived from Exodus 12:15. 2570:Kosher dairy dishes from the 19th century in the 2491:, after which the meat is laid over a grating or 1625:, the activation of which it sees as helping the 11144: 3423:frozen-food item. According to a 2005 report by 2682: 2404:in a single continuous cutting movement with an 7417: 7151:"Fine Kosher Salt | Diamond Crystal® Salt" 6601:Habeas Codfish: Reflections on Food and the Law 6526:(3). Burns & McDonnell: 1–3. Archived from 5909: 3541: 3275:. Some newspapers and periodicals also discuss 3157:standards held by different organizations, the 2442:being done by experts before the meat is sold. 2099:in goats (upper left), pigs (lower left), and 1457:, impact their permissibility for consumption. 7511:Journal for the Study of Judaism 53,4-5 (2022) 7458:Jewish Eating and Identity Throughout the Ages 6511:Morris, Lisa; Hays, Jim; York, Elaine (2005). 6510: 3852:—stripped-down devices with limited features. 2282: 1837:, as according to Genesis 32:32 the patriarch 1323:Only certain types of mammals, birds and fish 9478: 8432: 7934: 7565: 7166:"FROM PICKLE DAY EXHIBITS: What is a Pickle?" 7058: 6669:. Rabbinical Center of Europe. Archived from 6099: 6097: 5610:"Are vegan restaurants automatically kosher?" 5250: 4529: 4472: 4470: 3891:Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws 3635:in the sense of "virtuous" when referring to 3063: 2969: 2199:Fish must have fins and scales to be kosher. 2132:In 2008, a rabbinical ruling determined that 1117: 7483:The Jewish Dietary Laws in the Ancient World 6846:(in Basque). E.W. Williams. 1977. p. 28 6696:"The Specialty Food Market in North America" 6629: 6418: 6416: 5503:"Which vegetables may be eaten on Passover?" 5226:"Locusts Go Biblical – But Are They Kosher?" 4603:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3084:Kosher labels on salt and sugar packages in 3014: 2583:Food prepared in a manner that violates the 1983:Different species of plants grown together ( 1586:Some theologians have said that the laws of 1160: 10967:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 7491:Food and Identity in Early Rabbinic Judaism 6661: 6250: 5104:Jewish Eating and Identity Through the Ages 4202:The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Ecology 3677:, meaning the process for making something 3306:History of kosher supervision and marketing 2812:need to be checked to avoid eating insects. 2780:does not apply outside the Land of Israel. 2627:or derivatives of this, which are known as 1879:, which in ancient times were given to the 9485: 9471: 8439: 8425: 7941: 7927: 7572: 7558: 7478:. New York: Mesorah Publications Ltd, 1989 7025: 6968: 6591: 6263:. Columbia University Press. p. 176. 6094: 5826:Nevins, Rabbi David S. 10 November 2015. " 5771: 4764:"Giraffe is kosher, rabbis rule in Israel" 4467: 4374:Macht, David I. (September–October 1953). 4275:"The Chassidic Masters on Food and Eating" 3111:; in some cases, for instance, the use of 2510:("Taz"), a 17th-century commentary on the 1124: 1110: 7314:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 475. 7273: 7243: 7052: 6413: 6391: 6024: 5973: 4579:Battegay, Lubrich, Caspar, Naomi (2018). 2776:(new grain) before the 16th of the month 1343:, which are the only kosher invertebrate. 9514:Index of Jewish history-related articles 7469:United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism 6597: 6504: 6422: 5876: 5874: 5777: 4666: 4664: 4652: 4650: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4198: 3570: 3507:foods may contain honey, eggs, or fish, 3366:in sales of kosher products in the U.S. 3309: 3195: 3132: 3079: 3067: 2937:Although it is not a food product, some 2787: 2604: 2565: 2481:When an animal is ritually slaughtered ( 2350: 2091: 1968:Biblically prohibited mixtures include: 1700: 11013:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 9650: 7356: 7201: 6890: 6477: 6475: 6385: 6183: 6152: 5470: 5279:"Halal and Kosher slaughter 'must end'" 4760: 4730: 4680: 4678: 4618:Blech, Zushe Yosef (January 27, 2009). 4583:. Basel: Christoph Merian. p. 98. 4327: 4269: 4205:. Oxford Handbooks Online. p. 45. 3579:, using the Polish spelling of "kosher" 3443:who keep the main laws of Kosher Diet, 2638:Utensils used in preparing and serving 2476: 2374:) using a special method of slaughter, 2055:)—this law was enacted for concerns of 2010:Rabbinically prohibited foods include: 1858:)—according to Jewish law, God forbade 1523:Semikhah § Varieties of ordination 14: 11158:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law 11145: 7465:The Jewish Dietary Laws: Sanctify Life 7407:'s guide to kashrut, published by the 7357:Joselit, Jenna Weissman (4 May 2007). 7303: 7225: 7213: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7163: 6256: 6189: 6158: 6010:"How to choose a kosher certification" 5896:Many rely on lenient rulings by Rabbi 5473:"Keeping Up with Passover Trenditions" 5339: 4991:"What Does Kosher Mean? - section 2.4" 4898: 4872: 4814:"What's the Truth About Giraffe Meat!" 4811: 3470: 3044:), and according to some also butter ( 1994:A specific subdivision of this law is 1176:. Food that may be consumed is deemed 9466: 8420: 7922: 7553: 7038:. Taylor & Francis. p. 388. 6551: 5974:Rosenthal, Elizabeth (May 26, 2011). 5871: 5800: 5552: 4697:"Meat & Milk - Parshat Mishpatim" 4661: 4647: 4617: 4448: 4435: 4406: 4373: 4237: 4155:4:13 (in eds. Frankel; "Rambam L'Am") 3722: 3209:, but legal classification does not. 3048:), dairy products (Hebrew: חלב ישראל 2144:refers to four signs provided by the 1725:Biblically prohibited foods include: 1596:, while non-kosher animals represent 9492: 9424: 7546:(a food scientist's site on kashrut) 7444:A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice 6819:Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Review 6664:"Brussels call for lower kosher tax" 6472: 6354: 5500: 4675: 4102:For the example the series by Rabbi 3298:. The designation usually refers to 3228:—Food that is neither meat nor dairy 2695:a modified version of the biblical 2190:because it possesses all the signs ( 1930:Fruit during the first three years ( 1313:Although the details of the laws of 9366:Fruits & Veggies – More Matters 7485:. Cambridge University Press, 2016. 7184: 6570: 6545: 6257:Heinze, Andrew R. (1 August 1992). 5471:Brenner, Bayla Sheva (2005-04-05). 5106:. New York: Routledge. pp. 99–121. 4383:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 3596: 2538: 2340: 1690: 1278: 1266: 1211: 24: 10960:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 10940:American Jewish Historical Society 7489:Jordan D. Rosenblum (2010-05-17). 7376: 6580:. Boycott Watch. December 22, 2003 5977:"Tests Reveal Mislabeling of Fish" 5607: 5581: 5064:A halachic answer on the topic of 4298: 3511:cannot rely on the certification. 3185:is sometimes used as a symbol for 2561: 1218:pronunciation of the term that in 25: 11174: 7522: 7392:. United Synagogue Book Service. 7075:Kosher Genuine. Fair. Acceptable. 6767:"Most Frequently Asked Questions" 6190:Zeldes, Leah A. (July 20, 2010). 5778:Schuster, Ruth (7 January 2016). 5754:"Kosher Consumer Misconsumptions" 3358:trade fair, estimates as many as 2613:certifying that it is kosher for 2460:Legal aspects of ritual slaughter 11124: 11111: 11110: 9443: 9433: 9423: 9414: 9413: 8002: 7995: 7827:Rabbinical Council of California 7797:Kashruth Council of Canada (COR) 7350: 7328: 7297: 7267: 7237: 7157: 7143: 7122: 7098: 7080: 7063:. The Writer, Inc. p. 110. 7002: 6985: 6933: 6909: 6884: 6858: 6784: 6759: 6734: 6717: 6688: 6662:Gold, Asher (October 29, 2009). 6655: 6348: 6328: 6310: 6240: 6214: 6159:Zeldes, Leah A. (July 8, 2010). 4007: 3995: 2600: 1875:requires the removal of certain 1533: 1283: 1240: 1182: 1091: 88: 82: 76: 7948: 6127: 6072: 6046: 6002: 5990:from the original on 2022-01-03 5967: 5945: 5925: 5890: 5855: 5839: 5820: 5746: 5728: 5702: 5682: 5657: 5627: 5601: 5575: 5546: 5522: 5494: 5464: 5434: 5418: 5407: 5391: 5365: 5333: 5312: 5296: 5271: 5218: 5192: 5176: 5165: 5149: 5138: 5117: 5096: 5075: 5058: 5031: 5012: 4983: 4972: 4961: 4945: 4929: 4918: 4892: 4866: 4847: 4836: 4805: 4789: 4777:from the original on 2022-01-11 4754: 4723: 4703: 4689: 4636: 4611: 4572: 4561: 4530:Doron-spalter, Pinchos (2008). 4523: 4512: 4492: 4481: 4423: 4412: 4400: 4367: 4347: 4321: 4292: 4263: 4231: 4192: 4171: 3870:(non-violence to living beings) 3619:Hebrew and English Lexicon. In 3396:nature, in others the rules of 3167:Union of Orthodox Congregations 3130:a certificate would be issued. 2849: 2088:Permitted and forbidden animals 1528: 11032:Relations with other religions 7493:. Cambridge University Press. 7280:Cultureel mozaïek van Suriname 7250:Cultureel mozaïek van Suriname 6998:. Palmer Theological Seminary. 6489:. January 1991. Archived from 5384:6:10); cf. Babylonian Talmud, 5039:"Kashrut: Jewish Dietary Laws" 4159: 4134: 4096: 4084: 4081:, commentary to Leviticus 11:3 4072: 4057: 4042: 4026: 3673:is used as an abbreviation of 3664: 3639:as a "kosher king"; Darius, a 3561: 3376: 2438:from the legs, the process of 1915:respectively) or taken to the 1803:, which is very rich in blood. 1572:Some Jewish scholars say that 1392:"Dairy" products (also called 1310:in English, Yiddish: פָּסוּל) 13: 1: 11019:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 7802:Kosher Supervision of America 7754:Kosher certification agencies 7283:. Walburg Pers. p. 255. 6891:Diamant, Jeff (13 May 2021). 6771:The Vegetarian Resource Group 6606:University of Wisconsin Press 6435:Encyclopedia of urban legends 6401:Urban Legends Reference Pages 5258:"Sheep killing branded cruel" 4761:Butcher, Tim (June 6, 2008). 4020: 3839: 2783: 2683:Produce of the Land of Israel 1369:"Meat" products (also called 10950:Leo Baeck Institute New York 10945:American Sephardi Federation 7873:Civil laws regarding kashrut 7852:Union of Orthodox Synagogues 7253:. Walburg Pers. p. 46. 7130:"Morton® Coarse Kosher Salt" 6969:Sala Levin (July 25, 2019). 6792:"What about kosher symbols?" 6552:Luban, Yaakov (2004-07-18). 6294:. Kosherfest. Archived from 5699:, Retrieved August 10, 2005. 5534:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 4389:(5): 444–450. Archived from 4328:Borukhovich, Shneur Zalman. 3960:Kosher tax conspiracy theory 3566: 3542:Differentiations in practice 3520:Seventh-day Adventist Church 3480:Many Jews partially observe 3475: 3383:Civil laws regarding Kashrut 3019: 2990:from a non-kosher organism. 2731:(untithed produce is called 2355:A 15th-century depiction of 1499:Over the past century, many 1482:(eventually codified in the 7: 9773:Constantinopolitan Karaites 9376:Latin American Diet Pyramid 9356:Dairy Council of California 8811:Gluten-free and casein-free 7767:Central Rabbinical Congress 7595:Milk and meat in Jewish law 7579: 7164:Bowen, Dana; Ralph, Nancy. 6730:. No. 342. p. 94. 6598:Levenson, Barry M. (2001). 4901:"Is Turkey Kosher?, part 3" 4875:"Is Turkey Kosher?, part 2" 4430:The Oxford Bible Commentary 4271:Schneersohn, Yosef Yitzchak 4199:Gottlieb, Roger S. (2006). 3938:Kosher certification agency 3855: 3788: 3727: 3707:can occur as a synonym for 3495:is not available. Muslims, 3007: 2980:genetically modified animal 2958: 2947: 2919: 2911: 2898: 2887: 2832: 2826: 2818: 2770: 2764: 2753: 2747: 2739: 2733: 2725: 2717: 2709: 2701: 2699:must be applied, including 2669: 2661: 2655: 2646: 2640: 2629: 2593: 2585: 2554: 2546: 2529: 2520:practice, however, follows 2506: 2483: 2447: 2428: 2417: 2384: 2376: 2368: 2357: 2331: 2308: 2302: 2289:Milk and meat in Jewish law 2283:Separation of meat and milk 2192: 2186: 2180: 2166: 2156: 2150: 2075: 2064: 2049: 2040: 2027: 2016: 1996: 1985: 1974: 1972:Mixtures of meat and milk ( 1958: 1943: 1932: 1921: 1909: 1901: 1893: 1881: 1867: 1852: 1850:A limb of a living animal ( 1843: 1827: 1816: 1808: 1795: 1784: 1773: 1767: 1718: 1651:The Guide for the Perplexed 1640: 1588: 1574: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1510: 1502: 1492: 1462: 1408: 1400: 1394: 1385: 1377: 1371: 1348: 1315: 1154: 1146: 1138: 10: 11179: 11001:National Library of Israel 9642:Zionism, race and genetics 9386:Mediterranean Diet Pyramid 8841:Low-fiber/low-residue diet 7772:Chicago Rabbinical Council 6444:W. W. Norton & Company 6105:"Glossary of Kosher Terms" 5102:Kraemer, David C. (2007). 4995:koshercertification.org.uk 3699: 3455:meet this criterion). The 3380: 3091: 3064:Product labeling standards 2970:Genetically modified foods 2930: 2926: 2902: 2853: 2344: 2286: 2252:Birds of prey; scavengers 2106: 2047:Food cooked by a non-Jew ( 1694: 1633: 1460:Most of the basic laws of 1357:Meat and meat derivatives 1339:, is forbidden except for 47: 40: 34:. For other meanings, see 29: 11099: 10955:Yeshiva University Museum 10935:Center for Jewish History 10925: 10790: 10662: 10536: 10430: 9961: 9580: 9522: 9504: 9452:Health and fitness portal 9409: 9341: 9239: 9137: 9019: 9010: 8988: 8945: 8879: 8771: 8750: 8722: 8694: 8651: 8600: 8577: 8551: 8530: 8521: 8458: 8361: 8244: 8166: 8088: 8047: 8011: 7993: 7954: 7865: 7752: 7699: 7638: 7587: 7275:Lichtveld, Lodewijk 'Lou' 7245:Lichtveld, Lodewijk 'Lou' 6222:"Early mention of kosher" 4093:, commandments 73 and 148 3820:The word is derived from 3752: 3015:Supervision and marketing 2691:For produce grown in the 2609:The label on a bottle of 2203:and other non-fish water 1711:The Johannesburg Beth Din 1519:Yeshiva § Jewish law 1325:meeting specific criteria 1231: 1162: 1161: 9547:Ancient Israel and Judah 8732:Bodybuilding supplements 7539:Aish.com: ABCs of Kosher 6554:"The "Kosher Tax" Fraud" 6322:The Jewish Daily Forward 5953:"What foods are kosher?" 5665:"Meat, Dairy and Pareve" 5635:"Why Check for Insects?" 5382:Hil. Ma'achaloth Asuroth 5231:The Jewish Daily Forward 4449:Forst, Binyomin (1994). 4247:Bloch Publishing Company 3943:Sabbath food preparation 3408: 3153:. Due to differences in 3030:, certain cooked foods ( 2257:Reptiles and amphibians 1860:Noah and his descendants 1685: 1638:Although the reason for 9923:North African Sephardim 9896:Jewish tribes of Arabia 9401:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid 8704:Ovo-lacto vegetarianism 7817:OK Kosher Certification 7661:Foreleg, cheeks and maw 7388:The Jewish Dietary Laws 7338:. PRI. January 26, 2012 6429:"The Jewish Secret Tax" 6292:"The History of Kosher" 6228:. 1849-03-15. p. 2 6139:OK Kosher Certification 5955:. Oxford Chabad Society 5669:OK Kosher Certification 4066:Guide for the Perplexed 4051:Guide for the Perplexed 3623:it generally refers to 3138:OK Kosher Certification 3052:"milk of Israel"), and 2895:carry "milk" warnings. 2406:unserrated, sharp knife 1679:Oxford Bible Commentary 48:For Egyptian food, see 36:Kosher (disambiguation) 11026:Holocaust Encyclopedia 10996:Jewish Virtual Library 9371:Healthy eating pyramid 8917:Time Restricted Eating 8801:Fluid restriction diet 7232:"Mehadrin Is Relative" 7168:. New York Food Museum 7059:B.A. Phythian (1976). 6487:Anti-Defamation League 6341:San Diego Jewish World 6054:"Kosher Certification" 5558:"Terumos and Ma'asros" 5081:Goitein, Shelomo Dov. 5044:Jewish Virtual Library 4620:Kosher Food Production 4186:Keter Publishing House 3886:Christian dietary laws 3879:Buddhist vegetarianism 3824:, due to influence of 3580: 3524:Christian denomination 3441:Seventh-day Adventists 3371:Israeli Defense Forces 3326: 3201: 3144: 3089: 3077: 2813: 2617: 2574: 2363: 2209:kosher species of fish 2104: 1713: 1600:. The 1st-century BCE 1506:certification agencies 10973:Encyclopaedia Judaica 10755:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 9940:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 9690:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 8871:Specific carbohydrate 8763:Very-low-calorie diet 8060:Prayers and blessings 7822:Orthodox Union Kosher 7656:limb of a live animal 7481:Jordan D. Rosenblum, 7208:"mehadrin and hadran" 7016:Schottenstein Edition 6373:on September 22, 2013 6032:"About this web-site" 5910:Rabbi Chaim Jachter. 5260:. The Age. 2007-08-03 4732:Slifkin, Rabbi Nosson 4330:"The Tanya Chapter 8" 3863:Abomination (Judaism) 3574: 3459:, one of the largest 3425:Burns & McDonnell 3362:kosher consumers and 3313: 3199: 3136: 3092:Further information: 3083: 3071: 2933:Smoking in Jewish law 2838:. Vegetables such as 2791: 2659:, such as not eating 2608: 2572:Jewish Museum, Berlin 2569: 2467:unnecessary suffering 2388:slaughter severs the 2354: 2207:are not kosher. (See 2107:Further information: 2095: 1917:Old City of Jerusalem 1704: 1609:Samson Raphael Hirsch 1466:are derived from the 9552:Second Temple period 8816:Intermittent fasting 8196:Weekly Torah reading 7878:Criticism of kashrut 7630:Kosher by ingredient 7405:Conservative Judaism 7020:Mesorah Publications 6438:(Reprint ed.). 6424:Brunvand, Jan Harold 6135:"Kosher Supervision" 5902:Teshuvot Igrot Moshe 5501:Davidson, Baruch S. 4843:Deuteronomy 14:12–18 4364:on August 29, 2007). 4181:Encyclopedia Judaica 3928:Jewish vegetarianism 3901:Islamic dietary laws 3331:Procter & Gamble 2905:Cannabis and Judaism 2477:Preparation of meats 2240:, the horse and the 10990:Jewish Encyclopedia 10735:Hekhalot literature 10546:Religious movements 10081:Judeo-Tripolitanian 8781:Calorie restriction 8029:Bar and bat mitzvah 7883:Kosher airline meal 7409:Rabbinical Assembly 7106:"Kosher Salt Guide" 6921:The Times of Israel 6897:Pew Research Center 6533:on December 7, 2017 6397:"The Kosher Nostra" 6364:Columbia University 6161:"Know your wiener!" 6115:on February 3, 2013 5833:Rabbinical Assembly 5584:"What is "Yashan"?" 5442:"What is Kitniyot?" 4899:Zivotofsky, Ari Z. 4873:Zivotofsky, Ari Z. 4812:Zivotofsky, Ari Z. 4770:The Daily Telegraph 4622:. Wiley-Blackwell. 4488:Deuteronomy 14:3–21 3617:Brown–Driver–Briggs 3615:, according to the 3471:Society and culture 3163:certification marks 2995:Rabbinical Assembly 2984:AquAdvantage salmon 2976:genetic engineering 2974:With the advent of 2759:(Sabbatical Year). 2319:Shelomo Dov Goitein 2025:Non-Jewish cheese ( 1919:to be eaten there ( 1825:The twisted nerve ( 1453:and produce of the 1003:Abrahamic religions 902:Selichot (S'lichot) 694:Bar and bat mitzvah 197:Principles of faith 27:Jewish dietary laws 18:Jewish dietary laws 11131:Judaism portal 11067:Jews and Halloween 11062:Jews and Christmas 10452:Rabbinic authority 10204:Judaeo-Piedmontese 9637:Xueta Christianity 9542:Origins of Judaism 9509:Outline of Judaism 8696:Semi-vegetarianism 8168:Religious practice 7529:Chabad.org: Kosher 6843:Quick Frozen Foods 6700:Market Information 6426:(November 2002) . 6393:Mikkelson, Barbara 5983:The New York Times 5695:2012-03-06 at the 5582:Posner, Menachem. 4968:Leviticus 11:13–31 4226:Deuteronomy Rabbah 4166:Letter of Aristeas 3896:Hindu dietary laws 3850:kosher cell phones 3844:Although the term 3747:mehadrin bus lines 3723:Strictness degrees 3581: 3449:lactose-intolerant 3416:The New York Times 3327: 3219:M—Meat, including 3216:DE—Dairy equipment 3202: 3145: 3090: 3078: 2814: 2618: 2575: 2415:These conditions ( 2364: 2174:) with a peelable 2105: 2062:Non-Jewish bread ( 1956:Wine of libation ( 1730:Non-kosher animals 1714: 1602:Letter of Aristeas 1359:may never be mixed 1098:Judaism portal 1063:Holocaust theology 11140: 11139: 11106:extinct languages 11007:YIVO Encyclopedia 10782:Hebrew literature 10750:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 10590:Reconstructionist 10268:Judaeo-Portuguese 9957: 9956: 9913:Eastern Sephardim 9557:Synagogal Judaism 9460: 9459: 9337: 9336: 9006: 9005: 8579:Sustainable diets 8414: 8413: 8070:Grace after meals 7955:Birth and infancy 7916: 7915: 7888:Kosher restaurant 7500:978-0-521-19598-0 7474:Yacov Lipschutz, 7463:James M. Lebeau, 7460:, Routledge, 2008 7432:978-0-900689-22-2 7425:. Soncino Press. 7399:978-0-8381-2105-4 7321:978-3-447-05404-1 7290:978-90-6011-073-7 7260:978-90-6011-073-7 7070:978-0-87116-099-7 7045:978-0-415-25938-5 6973:. Moment Magazine 6676:on April 28, 2014 6619:978-0-299-17510-8 6457:978-0-393-32358-0 6324:. 9 January 2014. 6298:on March 21, 2013 6270:978-0-231-06853-6 5645:on March 21, 2013 5608:Posner, Eliezer. 5452:. 23 January 2013 5238:on March 14, 2013 5145:Deuteronomy 12:21 5112:978-0-415-47640-9 5091:978-0-520-22161-1 5070:"Meshiv Kahlahah" 4925:Leviticus 11:9–12 4747:978-1-56871-312-0 4685:Deuteronomy 14:21 4629:978-0-8138-2093-4 4547:978-1-56871-465-3 4499:Babylonian Talmud 4460:978-0-89906-103-0 4256:978-0-8197-0376-7 4212:978-0-19-517872-2 3832:'ritually clean, 3711:; for example, a 3629:Babylonian Talmud 3514:About a sixth of 3431:who keep kosher, 3282:Products labeled 2280: 2279: 2038:Non-Jewish wine ( 2014:Non-Jewish milk ( 1871:)—produce of the 1806:Particular fats ( 1677:, writing in the 1539:Jewish philosophy 1134: 1133: 486:Important figures 160:Reconstructionist 16:(Redirected from 11170: 11163:Ritual slaughter 11129: 11128: 11127: 11114: 11113: 10246:Judeo-Golpaygani 9847:Palestinian Jews 9822:Alexandrian Jews 9778:Crimean Karaites 9695:Unterlander Jews 9648: 9647: 9562:Rabbinic Judaism 9487: 9480: 9473: 9464: 9463: 9447: 9437: 9427: 9426: 9417: 9416: 9017: 9016: 8851:Monotrophic diet 8831:Low-carbohydrate 8796:Elimination diet 8742:Therapeutic food 8737:Meal replacement 8724:Supplement diets 8592:Planetary health 8528: 8527: 8464: 8441: 8434: 8427: 8418: 8417: 8176:613 commandments 8098:Marriageable age 8006: 7999: 7943: 7936: 7929: 7920: 7919: 7857:Kosher Australia 7782:Edah HaChareidis 7574: 7567: 7560: 7551: 7550: 7504: 7471:, New York, 1983 7454:David C. Kraemer 7436: 7413:United Synagogue 7403: 7391: 7371: 7370: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7182: 7181: 7175: 7173: 7161: 7155: 7154: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7090:. Archived from 7084: 7078: 7077: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7029: 7023: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6966: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6951: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6872:. 1 October 2013 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6746:Kosher Directory 6738: 6732: 6731: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6675: 6668: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6532: 6517: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6479: 6470: 6469: 6431: 6420: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6395:(May 24, 2002). 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6372: 6366:. Archived from 6361: 6355:Popovsky, Mark. 6352: 6346: 6345: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6234: 6233: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6202:on July 10, 2011 6187: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6171:on July 10, 2011 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6111:. Archived from 6101: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6034:. Hechshers.info 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5979: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5949: 5943: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5894: 5888: 5878: 5869: 5859: 5853: 5843: 5837: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5706: 5700: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5641:. Archived from 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5554:Heinemann, Moshe 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5438: 5432: 5422: 5416: 5411: 5405: 5395: 5389: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5337: 5331: 5316: 5310: 5300: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5234:. Archived from 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5200:"ABCs of Kosher" 5196: 5190: 5180: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5153: 5147: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5129: 5121: 5115: 5100: 5094: 5079: 5073: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5035: 5029: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4997:. Archived from 4987: 4981: 4976: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4949: 4943: 4933: 4927: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4870: 4864: 4851: 4845: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4824:on April 7, 2014 4820:. Archived from 4809: 4803: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4766: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4727: 4721: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4693: 4687: 4682: 4673: 4668: 4659: 4654: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4602: 4594: 4576: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4527: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4505:13a (on Mishnah 4496: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4477:Leviticus 11:3–8 4474: 4465: 4464: 4446: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4380: 4371: 4365: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4178:"Dietary Laws". 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4113: 4107: 4100: 4094: 4091:Sefer ha-Chinuch 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4061: 4055: 4046: 4040: 4030: 4012: 4011: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3991: 3874:Buddhist cuisine 3799:Surinamese Dutch 3709:Jewish tradition 3647:. In colloquial 3598: 3365: 3361: 3294:practices, like 3242:is not used for 3010: 2961: 2952: 2922: 2916: 2890: 2837: 2829: 2823: 2775: 2767: 2758: 2750: 2748:k'dushat shvi'it 2744: 2736: 2730: 2722: 2714: 2706: 2703:Terumat HaMaaser 2674: 2666: 2658: 2649: 2643: 2634: 2596: 2590: 2557: 2549: 2540: 2532: 2509: 2486: 2450: 2433: 2422: 2387: 2381: 2373: 2362: 2341:Kosher slaughter 2336: 2327:David C. Kraemer 2311: 2305: 2228:Forbidden kinds 2222: 2221: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2169: 2159: 2153: 2078: 2069: 2054: 2043: 2030: 2021: 1999: 1990: 1979: 1963: 1948: 1937: 1926: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1886: 1870: 1857: 1854:ever min ha-chai 1846: 1832: 1821: 1813: 1798: 1789: 1778: 1770: 1748: 1744:, for instance). 1721: 1691:Prohibited foods 1675:Lester L. Grabbe 1643: 1591: 1577: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1543:613 commandments 1513: 1505: 1495: 1465: 1411: 1409:b'chezkat chalav 1405: 1397: 1388: 1382: 1374: 1353: 1318: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1280: 1269:), also spelled 1268: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1233: 1213: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1157: 1149: 1141: 1126: 1119: 1112: 1096: 1095: 1094: 368:Aruch HaShulchan 92: 86: 80: 57: 56: 32:Kasher (surname) 21: 11178: 11177: 11173: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11168: 11167: 11143: 11142: 11141: 11136: 11125: 11123: 11095: 10921: 10786: 10658: 10532: 10426: 10241:Judeo-Borujerdi 10216:Judeo-Malayalam 10162:Judeo-Aragonese 10133:Lishanid Noshan 9965: 9953: 9685:Oberlander Jews 9646: 9576: 9518: 9500: 9491: 9461: 9456: 9405: 9343: 9333: 9235: 9211: 9203: 9195: 9187: 9179: 9171: 9163: 9155: 9133: 9002: 8984: 8941: 8875: 8773: 8767: 8751:Non-solid diets 8746: 8718: 8690: 8676:Milk substitute 8655: 8647: 8601:Religious diets 8596: 8573: 8547: 8517: 8462: 8454: 8448:Human nutrition 8445: 8415: 8410: 8396:Yahrzeit candle 8357: 8245:Religious items 8240: 8162: 8084: 8065:Prayer services 8043: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7991: 7962:Hebrew birthday 7950: 7947: 7917: 7912: 7861: 7812:Montreal Kosher 7807:London Beth Din 7748: 7695: 7634: 7583: 7578: 7525: 7520: 7501: 7433: 7419:Isidor Grunfeld 7400: 7379: 7377:Further reading 7374: 7355: 7351: 7341: 7339: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7322: 7302: 7298: 7291: 7272: 7268: 7261: 7242: 7238: 7230: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7206: 7202: 7194: 7185: 7171: 7169: 7162: 7158: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7135: 7133: 7128: 7127: 7123: 7114: 7112: 7104: 7103: 7099: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7071: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7030: 7026: 7007: 7003: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6967: 6958: 6949: 6947: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6925: 6923: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6901: 6899: 6889: 6885: 6875: 6873: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6849: 6847: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6825: 6823: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6750: 6748: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6722: 6718: 6709: 6707: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6666: 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6637:"Why Go Kosher" 6635: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6596: 6592: 6583: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6562: 6560: 6550: 6546: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6515: 6509: 6505: 6496: 6494: 6481: 6480: 6473: 6458: 6421: 6414: 6405: 6403: 6390: 6386: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6359: 6353: 6349: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6301: 6299: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6255: 6251: 6239: 6231: 6229: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6188: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6141: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6103: 6102: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5946: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5898:Moshe Feinstein 5895: 5891: 5879: 5872: 5860: 5856: 5844: 5840: 5825: 5821: 5813:Times of Israel 5806: 5805: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5740:www.kashrut.com 5734: 5733: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5697:Wayback Machine 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5648: 5646: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5580: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5551: 5547: 5538: 5536: 5528: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5408: 5396: 5392: 5370: 5366: 5338: 5334: 5318:Shulhan Arukh, 5317: 5313: 5301: 5297: 5288: 5286: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5263: 5261: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5209: 5207: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5181: 5177: 5172:Leviticus 17:10 5170: 5166: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5139: 5127: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5101: 5097: 5080: 5076: 5068:on the website 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5017: 5013: 5004: 5002: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4979:Exodus 22:30–31 4977: 4973: 4966: 4962: 4950: 4946: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4897: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4871: 4867: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4810: 4806: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4728: 4724: 4708: 4704: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4643:Leviticus 23:14 4641: 4637: 4630: 4616: 4612: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4577: 4573: 4568:Leviticus 19:23 4566: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4447: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4419:Leviticus 11–15 4417: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4378: 4372: 4368: 4358:Wayback Machine 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4326: 4322: 4312: 4310: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4268: 4264: 4257: 4249:. p. 114. 4236: 4232: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4197: 4193: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4121:Times of Israel 4115: 4114: 4110: 4104:Aharon Pfeuffer 4101: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4062: 4058: 4047: 4043: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3986: 3984: 3923:Israeli cuisine 3858: 3842: 3801:, derived from 3791: 3757: 3732: 3725: 3702: 3681:; for example, 3667: 3601:be advantageous 3575:Kosher shop in 3569: 3564: 3544: 3478: 3473: 3411: 3385: 3379: 3363: 3359: 3351:Hebrew National 3335:Lender's Bagels 3308: 3179:London Beth Din 3142:chocolate chips 3096: 3066: 3024: 3017: 2972: 2962:rabbinic group 2935: 2929: 2907: 2901: 2858: 2852: 2786: 2685: 2603: 2564: 2562:Kosher utensils 2518:Yemenite Jewish 2479: 2349: 2343: 2291: 2285: 2111: 2090: 1997:kil'ei ha-kerem 1976:basar be-chalav 1865:Untithed food ( 1749: 1746: 1699: 1693: 1688: 1636: 1627:Divine Presence 1619:Hasidic Judaism 1536: 1531: 1455:Sabbatical year 1434:permitted birds 1386:b'chezkat basar 1286: 1282: 1243: 1239: 1185: 1181: 1130: 1092: 1090: 1083: 1082: 1028: 1027: 1018: 1017: 1008:Judeo-Christian 971: 970: 968:Other religions 959: 958: 919: 918: 907: 906: 842: 841: 830: 829: 784: 737: 736: 727: 726: 708: 674: 673: 658: 657: 613: 612: 610:Religious roles 601: 600: 563: 559: 489: 488: 477: 476: 438: 414: 413: 398: 397: 363:Mishnah Berurah 343: 342: 331: 330: 305: 258: 251: 250: 239: 238: 192: 191: 180: 179: 111: 104: 103: 53: 46: 43:Treyf (podcast) 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11176: 11166: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11134: 11120: 11100: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11093: 11092: 11091: 11090: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11073:non-Christian 11071: 11070: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11029: 11022: 11015: 11010: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10969: 10964: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10931: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10913: 10912: 10907: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10876: 10875: 10865: 10864: 10863: 10858: 10848: 10843: 10842: 10841: 10831: 10830: 10829: 10819: 10814: 10813: 10812: 10807: 10796: 10794: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10772:Shulchan Aruch 10769: 10768: 10767: 10762: 10760:Sefer Yetzirah 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10740:Pardes Rimonim 10737: 10730:Kabbalah texts 10727: 10726: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10700: 10699: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10674: 10668: 10666: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10563: 10542: 10540: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10525: 10523:Land of Israel 10520: 10519: 10518: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10497: 10496: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10448: 10447: 10436: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10424: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10416: 10415: 10410: 10409: 10408: 10401: 10399:Judeo-Alsatian 10391: 10390: 10389: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10326: 10325: 10320: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10251:Judeo-Hamedani 10248: 10243: 10238: 10228: 10226:Judaeo-Occitan 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10207: 10206: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10167:Jewish English 10164: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10098:Judaeo-Aramaic 10095: 10094: 10093: 10088: 10086:Judeo-Tunisian 10083: 10078: 10076:Judeo-Moroccan 10073: 10072: 10071: 10069:Judeo-Baghdadi 10056: 10051: 10046: 10045: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9973: 9971: 9959: 9958: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9948: 9947: 9937: 9936: 9935: 9925: 9920: 9918:Livornese Jews 9915: 9905: 9900: 9899: 9898: 9888: 9887: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9809: 9808: 9807: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9781: 9780: 9775: 9765: 9760: 9759: 9758: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9737: 9736: 9731: 9721: 9720: 9719: 9714: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9665:Afrikaner-Jode 9656: 9654: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9586: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9575: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9528: 9526: 9520: 9519: 9517: 9516: 9511: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9490: 9489: 9482: 9475: 9467: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9454: 9441: 9431: 9421: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9381:French paradox 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9347: 9345: 9339: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9245: 9243: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9104:Selenocysteine 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9025: 9023: 9014: 9008: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8994: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8965:Master Cleanse 8962: 8957: 8951: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8883: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8777: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8765: 8760: 8754: 8752: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8728: 8726: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8700: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8604: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8589: 8583: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8555: 8553: 8552:Regional diets 8549: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8532: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8444: 8443: 8436: 8429: 8421: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8371:Chevra Kadisha 8367: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8276: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8172: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8128:Jewish wedding 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8094: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8055:Ritual washing 8051: 8049: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8008: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7958: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7945: 7938: 7931: 7923: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7905: 7903:Kosher tourism 7900: 7895: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7869: 7867: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7758: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7714:Chalav Yisrael 7711: 7709:Bishul Yisrael 7705: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7646:Kosher animals 7642: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7577: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7524: 7523:External links 7521: 7519: 7518: 7512: 7505: 7499: 7486: 7479: 7472: 7461: 7451: 7437: 7431: 7415: 7398: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7349: 7327: 7320: 7296: 7289: 7266: 7259: 7236: 7224: 7212: 7200: 7183: 7156: 7142: 7121: 7097: 7094:on 2015-12-30. 7079: 7069: 7051: 7044: 7024: 7001: 6984: 6956: 6932: 6908: 6883: 6857: 6833: 6809: 6783: 6758: 6733: 6716: 6687: 6654: 6641:Orthodox Union 6628: 6618: 6590: 6569: 6558:Orthodox Union 6544: 6503: 6471: 6456: 6412: 6384: 6347: 6327: 6309: 6283: 6269: 6249: 6237:Newspapers.com 6213: 6196:Dining Chicago 6182: 6165:Dining Chicago 6151: 6126: 6093: 6071: 6045: 6023: 6001: 5966: 5944: 5932:Shulchan Aruch 5924: 5889: 5881:Shulchan Aruch 5870: 5862:Shulchan Aruch 5854: 5846:Shulchan Aruch 5838: 5819: 5799: 5770: 5745: 5727: 5701: 5681: 5656: 5626: 5600: 5574: 5545: 5521: 5493: 5481:Orthodox Union 5463: 5450:Orthodox Union 5433: 5425:Shulchan Aruch 5417: 5406: 5398:Shulchan Aruch 5390: 5364: 5332: 5311: 5309:69:6, 69:16–19 5295: 5270: 5249: 5217: 5191: 5183:Shulchan Aruch 5175: 5164: 5156:Shulchan Aruch 5148: 5137: 5116: 5095: 5074: 5057: 5030: 5019:Shulchan Aruch 5011: 4982: 4971: 4960: 4952:Shulchan Aruch 4944: 4936:Shulchan Aruch 4928: 4917: 4891: 4865: 4846: 4835: 4804: 4796:Shulchan Aruch 4788: 4753: 4746: 4722: 4711:Shulchan Aruch 4702: 4688: 4674: 4660: 4646: 4635: 4628: 4610: 4589: 4571: 4560: 4546: 4522: 4511: 4491: 4480: 4466: 4459: 4434: 4422: 4411: 4399: 4396:on 2007-06-30. 4366: 4346: 4320: 4291: 4262: 4255: 4239:Chill, Abraham 4230: 4211: 4191: 4170: 4158: 4133: 4108: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4056: 4041: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4004: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3913:Jewish cuisine 3910: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3881: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3841: 3838: 3790: 3787: 3764:Hebrew acronym 3756: 3751: 3731: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3701: 3698: 3666: 3663: 3585:Ancient Hebrew 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3543: 3540: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3457:Orthodox Union 3410: 3407: 3381:Main article: 3378: 3375: 3307: 3304: 3248: 3247: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3175:Orthodox Union 3107:, among other 3074:Orthodox Union 3065: 3062: 3050:chalav Yisrael 3023: 3018: 3016: 3013: 2971: 2968: 2931:Main article: 2928: 2925: 2903:Main article: 2900: 2897: 2854:Main article: 2851: 2848: 2834:bishul Yisrael 2785: 2782: 2762:Some rules of 2693:Land of Israel 2684: 2681: 2625:leavened bread 2602: 2599: 2563: 2560: 2513:Shulchan Arukh 2478: 2475: 2436:sciatic nerves 2394:carotid artery 2345:Main article: 2342: 2339: 2295:dairy products 2287:Main article: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2265:Water animals 2262: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2109:Unclean animal 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2071: 2060: 2045: 2036: 2023: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2005: 1981: 1966: 1965: 1954: 1939: 1928: 1891:and the poor ( 1873:Land of Israel 1863: 1848: 1823: 1804: 1791: 1780: 1763: 1745: 1695:Main article: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1635: 1632: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1447:Land of Israel 1442: 1441: 1413: 1390: 1363: 1362: 1355: 1344: 1226:is pronounced 1168:) is a set of 1132: 1131: 1129: 1128: 1121: 1114: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1029: 1026:Related topics 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 994: 993: 988: 983: 978: 972: 966: 965: 964: 961: 960: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 920: 916:Major holidays 914: 913: 912: 909: 908: 905: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 872:Birkat Hamazon 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 843: 837: 836: 835: 832: 831: 828: 827: 822: 816: 815: 814: 813: 806: 799: 792: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 738: 735:Ritual objects 734: 733: 732: 729: 728: 725: 724: 719: 714: 707: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 675: 665: 664: 663: 660: 659: 656: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 614: 608: 607: 606: 603: 602: 599: 598: 593: 588: 582: 581: 580: 579: 574: 569: 556:Rabbinic sages 551: 550: 545: 540: 535: 529: 528: 523: 518: 513: 507: 506: 501: 496: 490: 484: 483: 482: 479: 478: 475: 474: 469: 464: 462:Chevra kadisha 459: 454: 449: 444: 437: 436: 431: 426: 421: 415: 405: 404: 403: 400: 399: 396: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 358:Shulchan Aruch 355: 350: 344: 338: 337: 336: 333: 332: 329: 328: 327: 326: 321: 316: 311: 299: 298: 293: 288: 283: 277: 276: 275: 274: 269: 264: 252: 246: 245: 244: 241: 240: 237: 236: 234:Musar movement 231: 230: 229: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 193: 187: 186: 185: 182: 181: 178: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 151: 150: 145: 144: 143: 132: 131: 130: 129: 124: 123: 122: 105: 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 73: 72: 66: 65: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11175: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11133: 11132: 11121: 11119: 11118: 11109: 11108: 11107: 11103: 11098: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11057:Protestantism 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11039: 11038: 11035: 11034: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11027: 11023: 11021: 11020: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11008: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10991: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10974: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10937: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10924: 10918: 10915: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10902: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10874: 10871: 10870: 10869: 10866: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10853: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10835: 10832: 10828: 10825: 10824: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10789: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10745:Sefer HaBahir 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10732: 10731: 10728: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10704: 10701: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10683: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10672:Sifrei Kodesh 10670: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10661: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10603: 10602: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10574: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10558: 10557: 10554: 10553: 10552: 10549: 10548: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10539: 10535: 10529: 10528:Who is a Jew? 10526: 10524: 10521: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10473: 10470: 10469: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10457:Chosen people 10455: 10453: 10450: 10446: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10433: 10429: 10423: 10420: 10414: 10413:Scots-Yiddish 10411: 10407: 10406: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10395: 10392: 10388: 10387: 10386:Klezmer-loshn 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10256:Judeo-Shirazi 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10233: 10232: 10231:Judeo-Persian 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10221:Judeo-Marathi 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10205: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10199:Judeo-Italian 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10100: 10099: 10096: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10054:Judeo-Amazigh 10052: 10050: 10047: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9964: 9960: 9946: 9943: 9942: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9889: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9877:Hadhrami Jews 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9842:Mountain Jews 9840: 9838: 9837:Egyptian Jews 9835: 9833: 9832:Bukharan Jews 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9813: 9810: 9806: 9803: 9802: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9757: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9620:Lists of Jews 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9579: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9521: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9488: 9483: 9481: 9476: 9474: 9469: 9468: 9465: 9453: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9430: 9422: 9420: 9412: 9411: 9408: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9340: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9238: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9206: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9190: 9188: 9182: 9180: 9174: 9172: 9166: 9164: 9158: 9156: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9136: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9094:Phenylalanine 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9054:Glutamic acid 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9044:Aspartic acid 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9009: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8990:List of diets 8987: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8937:U.S. military 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8878: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8791:Diabetic diet 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8693: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8671:Meat analogue 8669: 8667: 8666:Fruitarianism 8664: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8654: 8653:Vegetarianism 8650: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8576: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8564:Mediterranean 8562: 8560: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8520: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8463:Main articles 8461: 8460: 8457: 8453: 8452:healthy diets 8449: 8442: 8437: 8435: 8430: 8428: 8423: 8422: 8419: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8360: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8302: 8299: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8280: 8277: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8252:Sifrei Kodesh 8250: 8249: 8247: 8243: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8143:Sheva Brachot 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8103:Role of women 8101: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012:Coming of age 8010: 8005: 7998: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7967:Shalom Zachar 7965: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7944: 7939: 7937: 7932: 7930: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7893: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7734:Kosher locust 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7575: 7570: 7568: 7563: 7561: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7517: 7514:Yasir Qadhi, 7513: 7510: 7507:Guy Darshan, 7506: 7502: 7496: 7492: 7487: 7484: 7480: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7401: 7395: 7390: 7389: 7382: 7381: 7369: 7364: 7360: 7359:"Kosher Tech" 7353: 7337: 7331: 7323: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7300: 7292: 7286: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7270: 7262: 7256: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7240: 7233: 7228: 7221: 7216: 7209: 7204: 7197: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7180: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7146: 7132:. Morton Salt 7131: 7125: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7088:"Kosher Salt" 7083: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7047: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7028: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7011:Rosh Hashanah 7005: 6994: 6988: 6972: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6945: 6942: 6936: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6898: 6894: 6887: 6871: 6867: 6861: 6845: 6844: 6837: 6821: 6820: 6813: 6798:. 7 July 2010 6797: 6793: 6787: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6747: 6743: 6737: 6729: 6728: 6720: 6706:on 2013-05-28 6705: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6602: 6594: 6579: 6573: 6559: 6555: 6548: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6507: 6493:on 2006-10-23 6492: 6488: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6436: 6430: 6425: 6419: 6417: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6344:. 8 May 2014. 6343: 6342: 6337: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6313: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6272: 6266: 6262: 6261: 6253: 6243: 6238: 6227: 6226:Public Ledger 6223: 6217: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6081: 6075: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6033: 6027: 6012:. Kashrut.com 6011: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5978: 5970: 5954: 5948: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5928: 5913: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5858: 5851: 5847: 5842: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5823: 5816:. 2013-03-25. 5815: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5774: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5685: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5615: 5611: 5604: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5497: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5336: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5308: 5304: 5303:Shulhan Arukh 5299: 5284: 5280: 5274: 5259: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5221: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5173: 5168: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5146: 5141: 5133: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5015: 5001:on 2016-03-01 5000: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4975: 4969: 4964: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4926: 4921: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4757: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4712: 4706: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4681: 4679: 4672: 4667: 4665: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4644: 4639: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4606: 4600: 4592: 4590:9783856168476 4586: 4582: 4575: 4569: 4564: 4549: 4543: 4540:. p. 7. 4539: 4535: 4534: 4526: 4520: 4515: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4489: 4484: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4415: 4408: 4403: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4300:Tauber, Yanki 4295: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4258: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4227: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4195: 4187: 4184:. Jerusalem: 4183: 4182: 4174: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4154: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4142:Mishneh Torah 4137: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4105: 4099: 4092: 4087: 4080: 4075: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4052: 4045: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4003: 3993: 3992: 3989: 3981: 3980:Trefa banquet 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3826:Sephardi Jews 3823: 3818: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3765: 3762: is the 3761: 3755: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3645:Second Temple 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3621:Modern Hebrew 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3573: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3537: 3532: 3531:American Jews 3527: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3516:American Jews 3512: 3510: 3506: 3505:kosher-pareve 3502: 3501:kosher-pareve 3498: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3421:General Foods 3418: 3417: 3406: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3367: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3339:Maxwell House 3336: 3332: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3198: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3022: 3012: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2951: 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2256: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2213:kosher locust 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2196:) in Hebrew. 2194: 2188: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2119:cloven hooves 2116: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2097:Cloven hooves 2094: 2082: 2077: 2073:Health risk ( 2072: 2068: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2057:intermarriage 2053: 2052: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1962: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1918: 1913: 1912: 1905: 1904: 1903:maaser rishon 1897: 1896: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1861: 1856: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1835:sciatic nerve 1831: 1830: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1752:invertebrates 1743: 1739: 1735: 1734:cloven hooves 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 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Deni 10091:Judeo-Yemeni 10059:Judeo-Arabic 9933:Meshuchrarim 9852:Persian Jews 9785:Kurdish Jews 9763:Kaifeng Jews 9712:Beta Abraham 9675:Galitzianers 9630:Antisemitism 9605:Israeli Jews 9590:Assimilation 9449:Food portal, 9361:Food pyramid 9342:Nutritional 8786:Cardiac diet 8774:restrictions 8758:Liquid diets 8632: 8353:Four species 8074: 7987:Pidyon haben 7908:Magen Tzedek 7898:Kosher style 7842:Tav HaYosher 7787:Kosher Check 7701:Kosher foods 7681:Gid hanasheh 7609: 7580: 7490: 7482: 7475: 7464: 7457: 7443: 7422: 7387: 7366: 7362: 7352: 7340:. Retrieved 7330: 7311:Reassessment 7309: 7305:Wexler, Paul 7299: 7279: 7269: 7249: 7239: 7227: 7215: 7203: 7177: 7172:February 17, 7170:. Retrieved 7159: 7145: 7134:. Retrieved 7124: 7113:. Retrieved 7109: 7100: 7092:the original 7082: 7074: 7060: 7054: 7034: 7027: 7015: 7010: 7004: 6987: 6975:. Retrieved 6948:. Retrieved 6946:. 2016-03-08 6943: 6935: 6924:. Retrieved 6920: 6911: 6900:. Retrieved 6896: 6886: 6874:. Retrieved 6860: 6848:. Retrieved 6842: 6836: 6824:. Retrieved 6818: 6812: 6800:. Retrieved 6795: 6786: 6774:. Retrieved 6770: 6761: 6749:. Retrieved 6745: 6736: 6725: 6719: 6708:. Retrieved 6704:the original 6699: 6690: 6678:. Retrieved 6671:the original 6657: 6645:. Retrieved 6631: 6623: 6600: 6593: 6582:. Retrieved 6572: 6561:. Retrieved 6547: 6535:. Retrieved 6528:the original 6523: 6519: 6506: 6495:. Retrieved 6491:the original 6440:New York, NY 6434: 6404:. Retrieved 6387: 6375:. Retrieved 6368:the original 6350: 6339: 6330: 6321: 6312: 6300:. Retrieved 6296:the original 6286: 6274:. Retrieved 6259: 6252: 6235:– via 6230:. Retrieved 6225: 6216: 6204:. Retrieved 6200:the original 6195: 6185: 6173:. Retrieved 6169:the original 6164: 6154: 6142:. Retrieved 6129: 6117:. Retrieved 6113:the original 6084:. Retrieved 6074: 6062:. Retrieved 6048: 6036:. Retrieved 6026: 6014:. Retrieved 6004: 5992:. Retrieved 5981: 5969: 5957:. Retrieved 5947: 5940:Orach Chayim 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5915:. Retrieved 5905: 5901: 5892: 5884: 5880: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5831: 5822: 5811: 5802: 5790:. Retrieved 5783: 5773: 5761:. Retrieved 5748: 5739: 5730: 5718:. Retrieved 5716:. 2009-07-16 5704: 5690:Oukosher.org 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5659: 5647:. Retrieved 5643:the original 5629: 5617:. Retrieved 5603: 5591:. Retrieved 5577: 5565:. Retrieved 5548: 5537:. Retrieved 5533: 5524: 5512:. Retrieved 5506: 5496: 5484:. Retrieved 5477:OUKosher.org 5476: 5466: 5454:. Retrieved 5446:OUKosher.org 5445: 5436: 5429:Orach Chayim 5428: 5424: 5420: 5414:Exodus 12:15 5409: 5402:Orach Chayim 5401: 5397: 5393: 5385: 5381: 5377:Mishne Torah 5375: 5367: 5349: 5335: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5306: 5298: 5287:. Retrieved 5285:. 2003-06-10 5282: 5273: 5262:. Retrieved 5252: 5240:. Retrieved 5236:the original 5229: 5220: 5208:. Retrieved 5206:. 9 May 2009 5204:Aish HaTorah 5194: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5140: 5131: 5119: 5103: 5098: 5082: 5077: 5060: 5048:. Retrieved 5042: 5033: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5003:. Retrieved 4999:the original 4994: 4985: 4974: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4920: 4908:. Retrieved 4904: 4894: 4882:. Retrieved 4878: 4868: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4838: 4826:. Retrieved 4822:the original 4817: 4807: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4779:. Retrieved 4768: 4756: 4736: 4725: 4715: 4709: 4705: 4691: 4671:Exodus 34:26 4657:Exodus 23:19 4638: 4619: 4613: 4580: 4574: 4563: 4551:. Retrieved 4538:Targum Press 4532: 4525: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4483: 4450: 4429: 4425: 4414: 4402: 4391:the original 4386: 4382: 4369: 4362:the original 4349: 4337:. Retrieved 4323: 4311:. Retrieved 4294: 4282:. Retrieved 4265: 4242: 4233: 4216:. Retrieved 4201: 4194: 4179: 4173: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4124:. Retrieved 4120: 4111: 4098: 4086: 4074: 4064: 4063:Maimonides, 4059: 4049: 4048:Maimonides, 4044: 4028: 3845: 3843: 3829: 3819: 3805: 3803:Sranan Tongo 3794: 3792: 3782: 3777: 3767: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3668: 3658: 3652: 3632: 3624: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3588: 3582: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3536:Israeli Jews 3528: 3513: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3481: 3479: 3465: 3460: 3452: 3414: 3412: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3369:In 2014 the 3368: 3364:$ 40 billion 3343:Manischewitz 3328: 3320:Buenos Aires 3300:delicatessen 3296:dill pickles 3284:kosher-style 3281: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3225: 3206: 3203: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3169:, who use a 3158: 3154: 3148: 3146: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3097: 3046:chem'at akum 3045: 3042:g'vinat akum 3041: 3031: 3025: 3020: 3000: 2992: 2973: 2955: 2936: 2908: 2893: 2885: 2882: 2866: 2859: 2850:Pareve foods 2815: 2796:found among 2761: 2719:Maaser Sheni 2690: 2686: 2652: 2637: 2619: 2611:orange juice 2582: 2579: 2576: 2552: 2543: 2526: 2522:Saadiah Gaon 2511: 2504: 2501: 2480: 2464: 2457: 2444: 2425: 2414: 2410: 2390:jugular vein 2365: 2317: 2314: 2299: 2292: 2198: 2148:. First, a 2139: 2131: 2112: 2028:gevinat akum 2009: 1967: 1960:yayin nesekh 1923:maaser sheni 1829:gid hanasheh 1724: 1716:The laws of 1715: 1709:approved by 1707:airline meal 1697:Kosher foods 1678: 1672: 1656: 1649: 1637: 1617: 1613: 1585: 1571: 1541:divides the 1537: 1529:Explanations 1516: 1498: 1470:'s books of 1459: 1443: 1432:, eggs from 1425: 1421: 1415: 1364: 1312: 1270: 1261:in English, 1235: 1227: 1214:), from the 1206:in English, 1177: 1170:dietary laws 1152: 1144: 1136: 1135: 1058:Anti-Judaism 1053:Antisemitism 998:Samaritanism 976:Christianity 877:Shehecheyanu 808: 801: 794: 787: 782:Four species 689:Pidyon haben 643:Rosh yeshiva 554: 447:Beth midrash 393:Noahide laws 372: 136:Conservative 54: 11047:Catholicism 10629:Hellenistic 10467:Eschatology 10405:Lachoudisch 10330:Lotegorisch 10308:Lachoudisch 10298:Koiné Greek 10211:Judeo-Latin 10148:Palestinian 10042:Palestinian 9891:Mustaʿravim 9817:Afghan Jews 9805:Berber Jews 9729:Bene Israel 9717:Falash Mura 9707:Beta Israel 9625:Persecution 9567:Middle Ages 9021:Amino acids 8960:Macrobiotic 8932:Raw foodism 8922:Liquid diet 8892:Cotton ball 8887:Entomophagy 8880:Other diets 8846:Low-protein 8806:Gluten-free 8714:Pollotarian 8709:Pescetarian 8543:Plant-based 8531:Basic types 8513:Staple food 8191:Torah study 8118:Matchmaking 7982:Hebrew name 7977:Zeved habat 7949:Jewish life 7777:EarthKosher 7744:Kosher wine 7739:Kosher fish 7719:Pas Yisroel 7639:Kosher meat 7544:Kashrut.com 7440:Isaac Klein 7363:The Forward 7342:November 3, 7110:seasalt.com 6802:October 17, 6776:October 17, 6680:October 13, 6647:October 13, 6537:October 13, 6446:. pp. 6082:. thejc.com 6080:"MK Kosher" 5936:Yoreh De'ah 5917:December 2, 5906:Yoreh De'ah 5885:Yoreh De'ah 5866:Yoreh De'ah 5850:Yoreh De'ah 5720:February 7, 5345:Yosef Qafih 5328:Yoreh De'ah 5324:Turei Zahav 5320:Yoreh De'ah 5307:Yoreh De'ah 5187:Yoreh De'ah 5160:Yoreh De'ah 5023:Yoreh De'ah 4956:Yoreh De'ah 4940:Yoreh De'ah 4905:Kashrut.com 4879:Kashrut.com 4818:Kashrut.com 4800:Yoreh De'ah 4717:Yoreh De'ah 4519:Genesis 9:4 4218:October 18, 3970:Taoist diet 3918:Eco-Kashrut 3713:kosher dill 3684:kosher salt 3665:Kosher salt 3562:Linguistics 3445:vegetarians 3377:Legal usage 3191:trademarked 3159:hechsheirim 3117:mislabeling 3058:Pas Yisroel 3033:bishul akum 2878:carrageenan 2844:cauliflower 2798:barleycorns 2507:Turei Zahav 2489:kosher salt 2469:, but many 2117:) and have 2051:bishul akum 2041:stam yeinam 2018:chalav akum 1941:New grain ( 1887:(priests), 1762:are kosher. 1659:David Macht 1476:Deuteronomy 1430:kosher fish 742:Sefer Torah 704:Bereavement 684:Zeved habat 467:Holy Temple 407:Holy cities 141:Conservadox 11147:Categories 11042:Anabaptism 10984:Jew (word) 10851:Leadership 10664:Literature 10649:Secularism 10595:Humanistic 10462:Conversion 10432:Philosophy 10273:Judeo-Urdu 10037:Babylonian 9882:Saada Jews 9867:Adeni Jews 9660:Ashkenazim 9615:Samaritans 9582:Population 9537:Israelites 9304:Phosphorus 9294:Molybdenum 9119:Tryptophan 9089:Methionine 9074:Isoleucine 9039:Asparagine 8927:Ninja diet 8861:Renal diet 8826:Low-FODMAP 8821:Low-sodium 8587:Low carbon 8406:Honorifics 8123:Engagement 8080:Honorifics 8048:Daily life 7972:Brit milah 7847:Triangle K 7691:Ben pekuah 7588:Principles 7136:2022-08-24 7115:2024-07-29 6977:October 1, 6950:2022-09-02 6926:2022-07-24 6902:2022-09-02 6710:2012-10-29 6608:. p. 6584:2006-10-24 6563:2006-10-23 6520:TECHBriefs 6497:2006-10-23 6466:2001000883 6406:2006-10-23 6232:2017-05-12 6109:Kosherfest 5792:27 January 5788:. 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9124:Tyrosine 9049:Cysteine 9034:Arginine 8658:veganism 8608:Buddhist 8569:Atlantic 8538:Omnivore 8391:Yahrzeit 8386:Tehillim 8328:Tefillin 8236:Tzedakah 8231:Holidays 8221:Chavurah 8216:Chavrusa 8201:Daf Yomi 8090:Marriage 8019:Upsherin 7837:Tablet-K 7651:Shechita 7625:Kil'ayim 7605:Hechsher 7448:Passover 7421:(1982). 7307:(2006). 7277:(1977). 7247:(1977). 6850:July 26, 6826:July 26, 6206:July 31, 6175:July 31, 5988:Archived 5693:Archived 5343:(1960). 5283:BBC News 4775:Archived 4734:(2004). 4409:op. cit. 4241:(1974). 4224:quoting 4147:Korbanot 3856:See also 3814:Suriname 3789:Suriname 3783:mehadrin 3778:mehadrin 3769:Beth Din 3766:of 3743:Hanukkah 3735:Mehadrin 3729:Mehadrin 3637:Darius I 3609:suitable 3599:) means 3482:kashrut, 3288:hot dogs 3273:hechsher 3265:hechsher 3257:hechsher 3236:Passover 3094:Hechsher 3086:Colombia 2943:Passover 2913:shmittah 2899:Cannabis 2827:hechsher 2820:hechsher 2663:kitniyot 2647:kashered 2621:Passover 2615:Passover 2493:colander 2484:shechted 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1263:Yiddish 1232:כָּשֵׁר 1208:Yiddish 1165:‎ 1155:kashrus 1139:Kashrut 1038:Zionism 944:Shavuot 862:Kaddish 839:Prayers 772:Menorah 767:Mezuzah 757:Tzitzit 712:Yeshiva 667:Culture 572:Amoraim 567:Tannaim 538:Rebecca 526:Solomon 494:Abraham 373:Kashrut 324:Tosefta 319:Midrash 309:Mishnah 291:Piyutim 272:Ketuvim 267:Nevi'im 207:Messiah 165:Renewal 155:Karaite 120:Hasidic 70:Judaism 50:koshari 10910:Hazzan 10900:Prayer 10777:Siddur 10713:Talmud 10677:Tanakh 10612:Neolog 10585:Reform 10573:Modern 10556:Haredi 10479:Ethics 10345:Shassi 10313:Ladino 10278:Karaim 10261:Juhuri 10103:Targum 10017:Signed 9982:Modern 9977:Hebrew 9945:Xuetes 9741:Dönmeh 9700:Yekkes 9344:advice 9319:Sodium 9299:Nickel 9274:Iodine 9269:Copper 9264:Cobalt 9129:Valine 9109:Serine 9084:Lysine 8633:Jewish 8493:Leptin 8488:Hunger 8401:Yizkor 8348:Shofar 8338:Kippah 8323:Tallit 8308:Siddur 8294:Gemara 8279:Talmud 8257:Tanakh 8153:Mikvah 8148:Niddah 8113:Yichus 8108:Tzniut 8039:Kollel 8024:Wimpel 7832:Star-K 7792:Seal-K 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