Jewellery - Knowledge

3717: 2905: 2464: 2440: 3031: 2086: 3356:, with some mines dating back to 296 BC. India traded the diamonds, realising their valuable qualities. Historically, diamonds have been given to retain or regain a lover's or ruler's lost favour, as symbols of tribute, or as an expression of fidelity in exchange for concessions and protection. Mughal emperors and Kings used the diamonds as a means of assuring their immortality by having their names and worldly titles inscribed upon them. Moreover, it has played and continues to play a pivotal role in Indian social, political, economic, and religious event, as it often has done elsewhere. In Indian history, diamonds have been used to acquire military equipment, finance wars, foment revolutions, and tempt defections. They have contributed to the abdication or the decapitation of potentates. They have been used to murder a representative of the dominating power by lacing his food with crushed diamond. Indian diamonds have been used as security to finance large loans needed to buttress politically or economically tottering regimes. Victorious military heroes have been honoured by rewards of diamonds and also have been used as ransom payment for release from imprisonment or abduction. 1877: 1798:

were popular in the Mycenaean period, but unfortunately this skill was lost at the end of the Bronze Age. The forms and shapes of jewellery in ancient Greece such as the armring (13th century BC), brooch (10th century BC) and pins (7th century BC), have varied widely since the Bronze Age as well. Other forms of jewellery include wreaths, earrings, necklace and bracelets. A good example of the high quality that gold working techniques could achieve in Greece is the 'Gold Olive Wreath' (4th century BC), which is modeled on the type of wreath given as a prize for winners in athletic competitions like the Olympic Games. Jewellery dating from 600 to 475 BC is not well represented in the archaeological record, but after the Persian wars the quantity of jewellery again became more plentiful. One particularly popular type of design at this time was a bracelet decorated with snake and animal-heads Because these bracelets used considerably more metal, many examples were made from bronze. By 300 BC, the Greeks had mastered making coloured jewellery and using

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Denisovan layers were uncontaminated by human activity from a later period. The soil around the two fragments of the jewelry piece was dated with oxygen isotopic analysis to 40,000 years ago. "In the same layer, where we found a Denisovan bone, were found interesting things; until then it was believed these were the hallmark of the emergence of Homo sapiens. First of all, there were symbolic items, such as jewelry, including the stone bracelet as well as a ring, carved out of marble," Derevyanko told The Siberian Times

4250: 4174: 817: 63: 803: 2463: 11158: 1854:. The more common form of jewellery was the hammered sheet type. Sheets of metal would be hammered to thickness and then soldered together. The inside of the two sheets would be filled with wax or another liquid to preserve the metal work. Different techniques, such as using a stamp or engraving, were then used to create motifs on the jewellery. Jewels may then be added to hollows or glass poured into special cavities on the surface. 2369:, continued many of the methods of the Romans, though religious themes came to predominate. Unlike the Romans, the Franks, and the Celts, however, Byzantium used light-weight gold leaf rather than solid gold, and more emphasis was placed on stones and gems. As in the West, Byzantine jewellery was worn by wealthier females, with male jewellery apparently restricted to signet rings. Woman's jewellery had some peculiarities like 1566: 2904: 4155: 3771: 4269:

States will have dropped to around 25%, and China and India will increase theirs to over 13%. The trend of buying jewellery online is also increasing day by day. The Middle East will remain more or less constant at 9%, whereas Europe's and Japan's market share will be halved and become less than 4% for Japan, and less than 3% for the biggest individual European countries, Italy and the UK.

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has seeped into western culture. Many extreme-jewellery shops now cater to people wanting large hooks or spikes set into their skin. Most often, these hooks are used in conjunction with pulleys to hoist the recipient into the air. This practice is said to give an erotic feeling to the person and some couples have even performed their marriage ceremony whilst being suspended by hooks.

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the Indus Valley. The red stone would then be chipped to the right size and a hole bored through it with primitive drills. The beads were then polished. Some beads were also painted with designs. This art form was often passed down through the family. Children of bead makers often learned how to work beads from a young age. Each stone had its own characteristics related to Hinduism.

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some necks modified like this can reach 10–15 in (25–38 cm) long. The practice has health impacts and has in recent years declined from cultural norm to tourist curiosity. Tribes related to the Padaung, as well as other cultures throughout the world, use jewellery to stretch their earlobes or enlarge ear piercings. In the Americas,

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immortality. Gold imagery occurs frequently in ancient Indian literature. In the Vedic Hindu belief of cosmological creation, the source of physical and spiritual human life originated in and evolved from a golden womb (hiranyagarbha) or egg (hiranyanda), a metaphor of the sun, whose light rises from the primordial waters.

4138:. The increase in numbers of students choosing to study jewellery design and production in Australia has grown in the past 20 years, and Australia now has a thriving contemporary jewellery community. Many of these jewellers have embraced modern materials and techniques, as well as incorporating traditional workmanship. 1161: 3966: 2687:. Distinguished goldsmiths continued to flourish, however, as wealthier patrons sought to ensure that what they wore still stood apart from the jewellery of the masses, not only through use of precious metals and stones but also though superior artistic and technical work. One such artist was the French goldsmith 2119:, which was used to secure clothing together. The Romans used a diverse range of materials for their jewellery from their extensive resources across the continent. Although they used gold, they sometimes used bronze or bone, and in earlier times, glass beads and pearl. As early as 2,000 years ago, they imported 2175: 1933: 2222: 4268:

According to a 2007 KPMG study, the largest jewellery market is the United States with a market share of 31%, Japan, India, China, and the Middle East each with 8–9%, and Italy with 5%. The authors of the study predicted a dramatic change in market shares by 2015, where the market share of the United

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Among the Late Post-Classic Aztecs, only nobility wore gold jewellery, as it showed their rank, power, and wealth. A large portion of "Aztec gold" jewellery was created by Mixtec artisans. The Mixtecs were particularly known for their goldwork and gold jewellery was part of the tribute paid by Mixtec

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and functions as personal wealth for the bride only, as a sort of financial security. For this reason, this jewellery, especially in the sacred metals of gold and silver, has large cultural significance for Indian brides. Jewellery is worn on the arms and hands, ears, neck, hair, head, feet, toes and

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According to Hindu belief, gold and silver are considered as sacred metals. Gold is symbolic of the warm sun, while silver suggests the cool moon. Both are the quintessential metals of Indian jewellery. Pure gold does not oxidise or corrode with time, which is why Hindu tradition associates gold with

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jewellery was seen. In October 2012 the Museum of Ancient History in Lower Austria revealed that they had found a grave of a female jewellery worker – forcing archaeologists to take a fresh look at prehistoric gender roles after it appeared to be that of a female fine metal worker – a profession that

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shells thought to be the oldest known jewellery. The basic forms of jewellery vary between cultures but are often extremely long-lived; in European cultures the most common forms of jewellery listed above have persisted since ancient times, while other forms such as adornments for the nose or ankle,

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started later than in other areas because of recent human settlement. Early Pacific jewellery was made of bone, wood, and other natural materials, and thus has not survived. Most Pacific jewellery is worn above the waist, with headdresses, necklaces, hair pins, and arm and waist belts being the most

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and no known intentionally hot worked examples (platinum was not identified as a separate element and small inclusions appeared in some goldwork). In the New World however, certain Andean cultures recognized platinum as a separate metal and were able to incorporate it into jewellery, such as through

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Jewellery had great status with India's royalty; it was so powerful that they established laws, limiting wearing of jewellery to royalty. Only royalty and a few others to whom they granted permission could wear gold ornaments on their feet. This would normally be considered breaking the appreciation

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Many whimsical fashions were introduced in the extravagant eighteenth century. Cameos that were used in connection with jewellery were the attractive trinkets along with many of the small objects such as brooches, ear-rings and scarf-pins. Some of the necklets were made of several pieces joined with

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Jewellery in Mesopotamia tended to be manufactured from thin metal leaf and was set with large numbers of brightly coloured stones (chiefly agate, lapis, carnelian, and jasper). Favoured shapes included leaves, spirals, cones, and bunches of grapes. Jewellers created works both for human use and for

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Some jewellery is plated to give it a shiny, reflective look or to achieve a desired colour. Sterling silver jewellery may be plated with a thin layer of 0.999 fine silver (a process known as flashing) or plated with rhodium or gold. Base metal costume jewellery may also be plated with silver, gold,

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trade. Beads in the Indus Valley were made using simple techniques. First, a bead maker would need a rough stone, which would be bought from an eastern stone trader. The stone would then be placed into a hot oven where it would be heated until it turned deep red, a colour highly prized by people of

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Turquoise is found in only a few places on Earth, and the world's largest turquoise-producing region is the southwest United States. Turquoise is prized for its attractive colour, most often an intense medium blue or a greenish blue, and its ancient heritage. Turquoise is used in a great variety of

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In many cultures, jewellery is used as a temporary body modifier; in some cases, with hooks or other objects being placed into the recipient's skin. Although this procedure is often carried out by tribal or semi-tribal groups, often acting under a trance during religious ceremonies, this practice

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Island jewellery is still very much primal because of the lack of communication with outside cultures. Some areas of Borneo and Papua New Guinea are yet to be explored by Western nations. However, the island nations that were flooded with Western missionaries have had drastic changes made to their

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movement, with their philosophy of "no barriers between artists and craftsmen" led to some interesting and stylistically simplified forms. Modern materials were also introduced: plastics and aluminium were first used in jewellery, and of note are the chromed pendants of Russian-born Bauhaus master

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and exploration both had significant impacts on the development of jewellery in Europe. By the 17th century, increasing exploration and trade led to increased availability of a wide variety of gemstones as well as exposure to the art of other cultures. Whereas prior to this the working of gold and

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place large golden rings around their necks. From as early as five years old, girls are introduced to their first neck ring. Over the years, more rings are added. In addition to the twenty-plus pounds of rings on her neck, a woman will also wear just as many rings on her calves. At their extent,

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was preferred over any other stone. The Chinese revered jade because of the human-like qualities they assigned to it, such as its hardness, durability, and beauty. The first jade pieces were very simple, but as time progressed, more complex designs evolved. Jade rings from between the 4th and 7th

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Gorgons, pomegranates, acorns, lotus flowers and palms were a clear indicator of Greek influence in Etruscan jewellery. The modelling of heads, which was a typical practice from the Greek severe period, was a technique that spread throughout the Etruscan territory. An even clearer evidence of new

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The Greeks started using gold and gems in jewellery in 1600 BC, although beads shaped as shells and animals were produced widely in earlier times. Around 1500 BC, the main techniques of working gold in Greece included casting, twisting bars, and making wire. Many of these sophisticated techniques

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Growing political tensions, the after-effects of the war, and a reaction against the perceived decadence of the turn of the 20th century led to simpler forms, combined with more effective manufacturing for mass production of high-quality jewellery. Covering the period of the 1920s and 1930s, the

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in the world. Opals had already been mined in Europe and South America for many years prior, but in the late 19th century, the Australian opal market became predominant. Australian opals are only mined in a few select places around the country, making it one of the most profitable stones in the

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continue to develop distinct aesthetics rooted in their personal artistic visions and cultural traditions. Artists create jewellery for adornment, ceremonies, and trade. Lois Sherr Dubin writes, "n the absence of written languages, adornment became an important element of Indian communication,

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culture, goldwork flourished. The pieces are no longer simple metalwork, but are now masterful examples of jewellery making. Pieces are sophisticated in their design, and feature inlays of turquoise, mother of pearl, spondylus shell, and amethyst. The nose and ear ornaments, chest plates, small

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conquered part of it. In earlier designs, other European influences can also be detected. When Roman rule came to Greece, no change in jewellery designs was detected. However, by 27 BC, Greek designs were heavily influenced by the Roman culture. That is not to say that indigenous design did not

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were spurred to search for gold on the American mainland after coming into contact with Caribbean natives that had gold jewellery obtained through trade with the mainland. Continued contact with Native Americans wearing gold jewellery eventually lead to Spanish expeditions of the mythological

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has a long jewellery history, which has gone through various changes via cultural influence and politics for more than 5,000–8,000 years. Because India had an abundant supply of precious metals and gems, it prospered financially through export and exchange with other countries. While European

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A stone bracelet unearthed in Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberia in 2008 is being called the oldest-known jewelry of its kind. Anatoly Derevyanko, director of the Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, and the research team believe that the cave's

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in the Americas and consequently the region has the longest history of work in materials such as silver, platinum and gold. Metallurgy began in Mesoamerica during the Termainal Classic era, likely arriving from direct maritime trade with the Andean cultures. As a result, western Mesoamerican

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The most popular form of sapphire is blue sapphire, which is known for its medium to deep blue colour and strong saturation. Fancy sapphires of various colours are also available. In the United States, blue sapphire tends to be the most popular and most affordable of the three major precious

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continues to grow as both a hobby and a profession. With more than 17 United States periodicals about beading alone, resources, accessibility, and a low initial cost of entry continues to expand production of hand-made adornments. Some fine examples of artisan jewellery can be seen at

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jewellery styles. It is perhaps most closely associated with Southwest and Native American jewellery, but it is also used in many sleek, modern styles. Some turquoise contains a matrix of dark brown markings, which provides an interesting contrast to the gemstone's bright blue colour.

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Jasper is a gemstone of the chalcedony family that comes in a variety of colours. Often, jasper will feature unique and interesting patterns within the coloured stone. Picture jasper is a type of jasper known for the colours (often beiges and browns) and swirls in the stone's

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was hardly worn and was mostly used for public appearances or on special occasions. It was frequently given as a gift and was predominantly worn by women to show their wealth, social status, and beauty. The jewellery was often supposed to give the wearer protection from the

995:. Brushed finishes give the jewellery a textured look and are created by brushing a material (similar to sandpaper) against the metal, leaving "brush strokes". Hammered finishes are typically created using a rounded steel hammer and hammering the jewellery to give it a wavy 571:, these are the beads used for the "woven" style of beaded jewellery. Seed beads are also used in an embroidery technique where they are sewn onto fabric backings to create broad collar neck pieces and beaded bracelets. Bead embroidery, a popular type of handwork during the 2029: 4098:

as a production technique gains more and more importance. With a great variety of services offering this production method, jewellery design becomes accessible to a growing number of creatives. An important advantage of using 3d printing are the relatively low costs for

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Emeralds are one of the three main precious gemstones (along with rubies and sapphires) and are known for their fine green to bluish-green colour. They have been treasured throughout history, and some historians report that the Egyptians mined emeralds as early as 3500

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was common throughout Europe as a symbol of status and power. By the 8th century, jewelled weaponry was common for men, while other jewellery (with the exception of signet rings) seemed to become the domain of women. Grave goods found in a 6th–7th century burial near

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specialised in continuous patterns and designs, while Merovingian designs are best known for stylised animal figures. They were not the only groups known for high quality work. Note the Visigoth work shown here, and the numerous decorative objects found at the

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has the longest continuous legacy of jewellery making anywhere, Asia was the first place where these jewellery were made in large numbers for the royals with a history of over 5,000 years. One of the first to start jewellery making were the peoples of the

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can be simple and plain or dramatic and extreme. The use of simple silver studs, rings, and earrings predominates. Common jewellery pieces such as earrings are a form of body modification, as they are accommodated by creating a small hole in the ear.

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the gold chains were in and bracelets were also made sometimes to match the necklet and the brooch. At the end of the Century the jewellery with cut steel intermixed with large crystals was introduced by an Englishman, Matthew Boulton of Birmingham.

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led to many of these practices being incorporated into western subcultures. Many of these practices rely on a combination of body modification and decorative objects, thus keeping the distinction between these two types of decoration blurred.

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In China, the most uncommon piece of jewellery is the earring, which was worn neither by men nor women. In modern times, earrings are still considered culturally taboo for men in China—in fact, in 2019, the Chinese video streaming service

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They worked two styles of pieces: cast pieces and pieces hammered out of sheet metal. Fewer pieces of cast jewellery have been recovered. It was made by casting the metal onto two stone or clay moulds. The two halves were then joined, and

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jewellery are popular with young New Zealanders of all backgrounds – for whom they relate to a generalized sense of New Zealand identity. These trends have contributed towards a worldwide interest in traditional Māori culture and arts.

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Art Nouveau jewellery encompassed many distinct features including a focus on the female form and an emphasis on colour, most commonly rendered through the use of enamelling techniques including basse-taille, champleve, cloisonné, and

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Cultural dictates have also played a significant role. For example, the wearing of earrings by Western men was considered effeminate in the 19th century and early 20th century. More recently, the display of body jewelry, such as

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was worn predominantly by females, who wore numerous clay or shell bracelets on their wrists. They were often shaped like doughnuts and painted black. Over time, clay bangles were discarded for more durable ones. In present-day

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has often been important. In most cultures jewellery can be understood as a status symbol, for its material properties, its patterns, or for meaningful symbols. Jewellery has been made to adorn nearly every body part, from

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Mycenaean necklace; 1400–1050 BC; gilded terracotta; diameter of the rosettes: 2.7 centimetres (1.1 in), with variations of circa 0.1 centimetres (0.039 in), length of the pendant 3.7 centimetres (1.5 in);

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Some gemstones (like pearls, coral, and amber) are classified as organic, meaning that they are produced by living organisms. Others are inorganic, meaning that they are generally composed of and arise from minerals.

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The history of jewellery is long and goes back many years, with many different uses among different cultures. It has endured for thousands of years and has provided various insights into how ancient cultures worked.

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for men, which did not, go so far as to create a false history and claim that the practice had medieval roots. By the mid-1940s, 85% of weddings in the U.S. featured a double-ring ceremony, up from 15% in the 1920s.

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A popular style is the diamond solitaire, which features a single large diamond mounted prominently. Within solitaire, there are three categories in which a ring can be classified: prong, bezel and tension setting.

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Some religions have specific rules or traditions surrounding jewelry (or even prohibiting it) and many religions have edicts against excessive display. Islam, for instance, considers the wearing of gold by men as

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living in Europe. Specifically, perforated beads made from small sea shells have been found dating to 115,000 years ago in the Cueva de los Aviones, a cave along the southeast coast of Spain. Later in Kenya, at

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lead to the use of these materials in jewellery. Merchants and nobility were the only few that wore expensive jewellery in the Maya region, much the same as with the Aztecs. Jade in particular had an important

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More expansive use of metal to adorn the wearer, where the piece is larger and more elaborate than what would normally be considered jewellery, has come to be referred to by designers and fashion writers as

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traditions were heavily influenced by waxing and waning empires, India enjoyed a continuous development of art forms for some 5,000 years. One of the first to start jewellery making were the peoples of the

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Jewellery in the Pacific, with the exception of Australia, is worn to be a symbol of either fertility or power. Elaborate headdresses are worn by many Pacific cultures and some, such as the inhabitants of

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jewellery soon began to symbolise political and religious power in the community. Although it was worn by wealthy Egyptians in life, it was also worn by them in death, with jewellery commonly placed among

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Jade is most commonly associated with the colour green but can come in several other colours as well. Jade is closely linked to Asian culture, history, and tradition, and is sometimes referred to as the

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stone. Greek jewellery was often simpler than in other cultures, with simple designs and workmanship. However, as time progressed, the designs grew in complexity and different materials were soon used.

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attach jewels to their detachable collars when in Lodge to signify a Brothers Office held with the Lodge. For example, the square represents the Master of the Lodge and the dove represents the Deacon.

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contributed slightly more linear but still characteristic designs. The new style moved the focus of the jeweller's art from the setting of stones to the artistic design of the piece itself. Lalique's

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and his High Priests, for example, would be nearly completely covered in jewellery when making public appearances. Although gold was the most common and a popular material used in Aztec jewellery,

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had a profound impact on the development of western jewellery. Perhaps the most significant influences were the public's fascination with the treasures being discovered through the birth of modern

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jewellery designs. Missionaries saw any type of tribal jewellery as a sign of the wearer's devotion to paganism. Thus many tribal designs were lost forever in the mass conversion to Christianity.

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also led to growth of a middle class that wanted and could afford jewellery. As a result, the use of industrial processes, cheaper alloys, and stone substitutes led to the development of paste or

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influences is the shape introduced in the Orientalizing era: The Bullae. A pear shaped vessel used to hold perfume. Its surface was usually decorated with repoussé and engraved symbolic figures.

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in the form of jewellery or make jewellery as a means to store or display coins. Alternatively, jewellery has been used as a currency or trade good to buy and sell. an example being the use of

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by Etruscans, but were made to accompany them in the after world. Most, if not all, techniques of Etruscan goldsmiths were not invented by them as they are dated to the third millennium BC.

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Extensive and meticulously maintained records pertaining to the trade and manufacture of jewellery have also been unearthed throughout Mesopotamian archaeological sites. One record in the

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frames being created by the Stoeffler firm in 1885). Perhaps the grand finalé – and an appropriate transition to the following period – were the masterful creations of the Russian artist

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from Northern England was often carved into pieces of jewellery. The early Italians worked in crude gold and created clasps, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets. They also produced larger

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conveying many levels of information." Later, jewellery and personal adornment "...signaled resistance to assimilation. It remains a major statement of tribal and individual identity."

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Like the Greeks, often the purpose of Roman jewellery was to ward off the "Evil Eye" given by other people. Although women wore a vast array of jewellery, men often only wore a finger

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ranked among the primary sources of gemstone diamond production. There are negative consequences of the diamond trade in certain areas. Diamonds mined during the recent civil wars in

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Comb with Vishnu adored by serpents; 1750–1800; ivory with traces of paint; 6.99 by 7.94 centimetres (2.75 in × 3.13 in); from Nepal; Los Angeles County Museum of Art

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Necklace with a medallion depicting a goddess; 30–300 AD; green glass (the green beads) and gold; length: 43.82 centimetres (17.25 in); Los Angeles County Museum of Art

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Openwork hairnet; 300–200 BC; gold; diameter: 23 centimetres (9.1 in), diameter of the medallion: 11.4 centimetres (4.5 in); unknown provenance (said to be from

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shells, often located in only one location in America, traded the shells with other tribes, showing the great importance of the body adornment trade in Northern America.

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Earring in the form of a dolphin; 5th century BC; gold; 2.1 by 1.4 by 4.9 centimetres (0.83 in × 0.55 in × 1.93 in); Metropolitan Museum of Art

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of different ethnic Berber groups of Morocco, Algeria and neighbouring countries created intricate jewellery to adorn their women and that formed part of their ethnic

525:; Hemp and other twines have been used as well to create jewellery that has more of a natural feel. However, any inclusion of lead or lead solder will give a British 2157:. Although they were expected to wear at least one ring, some Roman men wore a ring on every finger, while others wore none. Roman men and women wore rings with an 3641:

The turquoise was used in necklaces and to be placed in earrings. The turquoise incorporated into Mesoamerican jewellery was primarily obtained through trade with

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containers and whistles are considered masterpieces of ancient Peruvian culture. A notable example of Andean metallurgy is the Northern Andean cultures' work with

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The Ganymede Jewellery; circa 300 BC; gold; various dimensions; provenance unknown (said to have been found near Thessaloniki, Greece); Metropolitan Museum of Art

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was crowned as Emperor of the French in 1804, he revived the style and grandeur of jewellery and fashion in France. Under Napoleon's rule, jewellers introduced

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Amethyst has historically been the most prized gemstone in the quartz family. It is treasured for its purple hue, which can range in tone from light to dark.

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more than 15,000 years ago. This jewellery would have been made from stone, shell, bone and other perishable materials. The American continent is home to 2

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used as an accessory for women. An example of an object which is functional, artistic/decorative, marker of social status or a symbol of personal meaning.

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https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/varna-bulgaria-gold-graves-social-hierarchy-prehistoric-archaelogy-smithsonian-journeys-travel-quarterly-180958733/

3057: 1763:

Sumerian necklaces and headgear discovered in the royal (and individual) graves of the Royal Cemetery at Ur, showing the way they may have been worn, in

8605: 6040: 5954: 2523:

precious metal had been at the forefront of jewellery, this period saw increasing dominance of gemstones and their settings. An example of this is the

1694:

1 necklace of flat speckled chalcedony beads including: 39 flat speckled chalcedony beads, 41 fluted beads in a group that make up the hanging device.

4900: 2714:. Tiffany's put the United States on the world map in terms of jewellery and gained fame creating dazzling commissions for people such as the wife of 955:, have become less valued as methods of extracting and importing them have progressed. Some man-made gems can serve in place of natural gems, such as 5891: 2008: 913:

Rubies are known for their intense red colour and are among the most highly valued precious gemstones. Rubies have been treasured for millennia. In

352:

Most cultures at some point have had a practice of keeping large amounts of wealth stored in the form of jewellery. Numerous cultures store wedding

7244: 4538: 788: 2691:. A category unique to this period and quite appropriate to the philosophy of romanticism was mourning jewellery. It originated in England, where 284: 186:. In modern European culture the amount worn by adult males is relatively low compared with other cultures and other periods in European culture. 9002: 8743: 8339: 5660: 4738: 2169:

and noblemen used the same method. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the jewellery designs were absorbed by neighbouring countries and tribes.

5331:

Nelson, E. C., Mavrofridis, G., & Anagnostopoulos, I. T. (2020). "Natural History of a Bronze Age Jewel Found in Crete: The Malia Pendant".

2393:; 5th century; gold, bronze and glass (imitation of garnet); height: 11.8 centimetres (4.6 in), width: 5.9 centimetres (2.3 in); from 6016: 4973: 4829: 774: 893:(which has a delicate pink colour), and smoky quartz (which comes in a variety of shades of translucent brown). Some other gemstones, such as 53: 6064: 4324: 2841:. Motifs included orchids, irises, pansies, vines, swans, peacocks, snakes, dragonflies, mythological creatures, and the female silhouette. 2639:

shell cameos instead of stone cameos. New terms were coined to differentiate the arts: jewellers who worked in cheaper materials were called

3282:

or glass. Other pieces that women frequently wore were thin bands of gold that would be worn on the forehead, earrings, primitive brooches,

9152: 8958: 8467: 3918: 2075:

Earring; gold and silver; 1.5 by 0.4 by 1.4 centimetres (0.59 in × 0.16 in × 0.55 in); Metropolitan Museum of Art

4487: 4427: 4044:

and continued by designers such as Gill Forsbrook in the UK. Influence from other cultural forms is also evident. One example of this is

3289:

A female skeleton (presently on display at the National Museum, New Delhi, India) wears a carlinean bangle (bracelet) on her left hand.

8790: 8241: 5050: 4926: 4107:

designs. Shapes that are hard or impossible to create by hand can often be realized by 3D printing. Popular materials to print include

3785:

is the personal adornment, often in the forms of necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings, pins, brooches, labrets, and more, made by the

3056:. Technical mastery became as valued as the material itself. In the West, this period saw the reinvention of granulation by the German 2778: 1093:

egg shells have been dated to more than 40,000 years ago. In Russia, a stone bracelet and marble ring are attributed to a similar age.

4656: 11193: 2659:

Russian earring; 19th century; silver, enamel and red glass beads; overall: 6.4 by 2.6 centimetres (2.5 in × 1.0 in);

4760: 4363: 3261:. Before 2100 BC, prior to the period when metals were widely used, the largest jewellery trade in the Indus Valley region was the 1691:

1 necklace of flat speckled chalcedony beads including: 34 flat speckled chalcedony bead, 35 gold fluted beads, in groups of five.

1023:, has become a mark of acceptance or seen as a badge of courage within some groups but is completely rejected in others. Likewise, 5814: 4517: 42: 3786: 2258: 6078:

Treister, Mikhail (2004). "George Catlin among the Nayas: Understanding the Practice of Labret Wearing on the Northwest Coast".

2688: 5992: 3979:; whale ivory, pearl shell and fiber; height: 12.7 centimetres (5.0 in), diameter: 17.78 centimetres (7.00 in); from 2734:

in Italy. The modern production studio had been born and was a step away from the former dominance of individual craftsmen and

2402: 1786: 128:, has been the normal material for jewellery, but other materials such as glass, shells and other plant materials may be used. 3293:

is a special kind of bracelet and is widely popular in Indian culture. They symbolize animals such as peacock, elephant, etc.

1505:. Traditional Berber jewellery was usually made of silver and includes elaborate brooches made of triangular plates and pins ( 5109: 5070: 4464: 4017:(PMC), and colouring techniques, has led to increased variety in styles. Other advances, such as the development of improved 3212:

Hat ornament; 18th–19th century; gold, gilded metal, kingfisher feathers, glass and semiprecious stones; various dimensions;

1711:

Sumerian necklace beads; 2600–2500 BC; gold and lapis lazuli; length: 54 centimetres (21 in); Metropolitan Museum of Art

11910: 3800:

Metalsmiths, beaders, carvers, and lapidaries combine a variety of metals, hardwoods, precious and semi-precious gemstones,

2703:, and it allowed the wearer to continue wearing jewellery while expressing a state of mourning at the death of a loved one. 1886:, an iconic Minoan jewel; 1700–1600 BC; gold; width: 4.6 centimetres (1.8 in); from Chrysolakkos (gold pit) complex at 7237: 6487: 4071:. The following are innovations in the decades straddling the year 2000: "Mokume-gane, hydraulic die forming, anti-clastic 3956:

Hawaiian pendant; 18th–19th century; whalebone; height: 6 centimetres (2.4 in), width, 3.8 centimetres (1.5 in);

3657: 435: 4388: 3392:; 8th–9th century; copper alloy; 8.89 by 7.93 by 0.31 centimetres (3.50 in × 3.12 in × 0.12 in); 889:

Quartz refers to a family of crystalline gemstones of various colours and sizes. Among the well-known types of quartz are

11119: 6241: 3684: 1316:, along with semi-precious gems. The colour of the jewellery had significance. Green, for example, symbolised fertility. 4866: 4001: 2655: 2477:

enamel and gold; overall: 5.4 by 4.8 by 1.5 centimetres (2.13 in × 1.89 in × 0.59 in); made in

9111: 6175: 6163: 5849: 5790: 5716: 5691: 5624: 5476: 5316: 5264: 5235: 5203: 5129: 4615: 3875:

Nowadays a wide range of such traditionally inspired items such as bone carved pendants based on traditional fishhooks

1891: 1607:(“salt pit”). However, Varna gold is most often called the oldest since this treasure is the largest and most diverse. 371:, originated as purely functional items, but evolved into decorative items as their functional requirement diminished. 3257:. By 1500 BC, the peoples of the Indus Valley were creating gold earrings and necklaces, bead necklaces, and metallic 1576:

The oldest gold jewelry in the world is dating from 4,600 BC to 4,200 BC and was discovered in Europe, at the site of

1055:, and traditionally was not handed down from generation to generation; instead, on a woman's death it was sold at the 407:

to provide protection or to ward off evil is common in some cultures. These may take the form of symbols (such as the

120:. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. From a western perspective, the term is restricted to durable 8368: 7274: 5577: 3573: 3077:, in what is now predominately modern-day Pakistan and part of northern and western India. Early jewellery making in 1842:, while others had a religious symbolism. Older pieces of jewellery that have been found were dedicated to the Gods. 2623:. Soon after his cameo decorated crown was seen, cameos were highly sought. The period also saw the early stages of 1697:

1 necklace with rounded lapis lazuli beads including: 28 rounded lapis lazuli beads, 29 fluted beads for its clasp.

11775: 9132: 8575: 8462: 5514: 4304: 4284: 3937: 3889:

Other than jewellery created through Māori influence, modern jewellery in New Zealand is multicultural and varied.

3393: 3237: 2719: 2209: 2107:

Although jewellery work was abundantly diverse in earlier times, especially among the barbarian tribes such as the

1474: 1469: 732: 11075: 8987: 8378: 7416: 7230: 3797:

Within the Haida Nation of the Pacific Northwest, copper was used as a form of jewellery for creating bracelets.

3192:

Xin 心 shaped jewelry; 1368–1644; gold, ruby, pearl and other gemstones; about the size of an adult human's palm;

1355:; 1336–1327 BC (Reign of Tutankhamun); gold, silver and meteoric glass; height: 14.9 cm (5.9 in); 6208: 6193: 6155: 6144: 5928: 5550: 5500: 5415: 5011: 4798: 4602: 4581: 4471:

magical jewelry articles of jewelry worn for their magical belief, medicinal powers, or superstitions reasons.

4131: 3594:

polities to the Aztecs. In general, the more jewellery an Aztec noble wore, the higher his status or prestige.

3104:

were tied onto early Chinese jewellery and later, blue gems and glass were incorporated into designs. However,

2590:. Large stones were frequently set in box-bezels on enamelled rings. Notable among merchants of the period was 1120:) dating to around 11,000 BC, and thought to be the oldest Mesolithic art in Britain, was found at the site of 5940:

Dorling Kindersley Ltd. 1989. Facts and Fallacies: Stories of the Strange and Unusual. Reader's Digest. 11–13.

4713: 3835:, wear certain headdresses once they have killed an enemy. Tribesman may wear boar bones through their noses. 11186: 8600: 8130: 7390: 6037: 3525:. Cultures in these regions developed more complex methods of jewellery creation. The Andes is the origin of 3359:

Today, many jewellery designs and traditions are used, and jewellery is commonplace in Indian ceremonies and

661:

may have mentioned them, although there is some debate as to the exact nature of the stone he referred to as

7458: 1015:

dictated who could wear what type of jewelry. This was also based on the rank of the citizens of that time.

11981: 8595: 8135: 7608: 4206: 2852: 2208:

Bracelet; 1st–2nd century AD; gold-mounted crystal and sardonyx; length: 19.69 centimetres (7.75 in);

1663:

adorning statues and idols. They employed a wide variety of sophisticated metalworking techniques, such as

1097: 1059:

and recycled or sold to passers-by. Islamic jewelry from before the 19th century is thus exceedingly rare.

33: 7284: 5887: 4896: 3060:, although development of the re-invention has continued into the 1990s. It is based on the basic shapes. 1011:

Jewellery has been used to denote status. In ancient Rome, only certain ranks could wear rings and later,

11991: 7561: 2055:; 5th century BC; gold; 1.6 by 1 by 1 centimetre (0.63 in × 0.39 in × 0.39 in); 1887: 1570: 2891:

played a large role in technique, while sinuous organic lines are the most recognisable design feature.

11217: 11129: 8863: 8664: 5840:

The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion

3957: 3586: 3496: 3213: 2974: 2942: 2802: 2486: 2302:

in particular are noted for their jewellery, which in terms of quality matched or exceeded that of the

2193: 2020: 1912: 1850:, followed by molten metal, was placed in the centre. This technique had been practised since the late 1624: 1439: 1188: 987:

jewellery, there are many techniques to create finishes. The most common are high-polish, satin/matte,

20: 4730: 4055: 1509:), originally used as clasps for garments, but also necklaces, bracelets, earrings and similar items. 760: 342:

as a carrier or symbol of personal meaning – such as love, mourning, a personal milestone or even luck

11986: 10462: 8669: 8484: 6698: 6135:

Borel, F. 1994. The Splendor of Ethnic Jewelry: from the Colette and Jean-Pierre Ghysels Collection.

4826: 3270: 3254: 3236:

beads (elaeo carpus seeds) and silver back plate on clasp; overall: 38.1 centimetres (15.0 in);

3074: 2876: 2679:

and a fascination with Medieval and Renaissance art. Changing social conditions and the onset of the

1502: 1398:

Signet ring; 664–525 BC; gold; diameter: 3 by 3.4 centimetres (1.2 in × 1.3 in);

6013: 2111:, when the Romans conquered most of Europe, jewellery was changed as smaller factions developed the 11841: 11179: 11124: 8858: 7950: 7495: 6534: 6356: 4815: 3936:; 18th century; nephrite and haliotis shell; 10.9 centimetres (4.3 in); from the New Zealand; 3817: 3688: 2822: 2723: 1631:

By approximately 5,000 years ago, jewellery-making had become a significant craft in the cities of

1599:, the golden treasure Sakar, as well as beads and gold jewellery found in the Kurgan settlement of 1591:

Several prehistoric Bulgarian finds are considered no less old – the golden treasures of Hotnitsa,

1283: 1112:, or pieces of carved bone used to secure clothing together. In some cases, jewellery had shell or 266:

prevails by a two-to-one margin. In French and a few other European languages the equivalent term,

8022: 8017: 4927:"A Unique Engraved Shale Pendant from the Site of Star Carr: the oldest Mesolithic art in Britain" 3774:

Bai-De-Schluch-A-Ichin or Be-Ich-Schluck-Ich-In-Et-Tzuzzigi (Slender Silversmith) "Metal Beater,"

3034:

Bracelet in platinum, white gold, silver, diamonds, lapislazuli, turquoise, by Cartier Paris, 1937

2511: 2100: 1647:

crowns embellished with gold figurines, close-fitting collar necklaces, and jewel-headed pins. In

11452: 8975: 8885: 8057: 7824: 7643: 7576: 7308: 7165: 6258: 6234: 4319: 4214: 3765: 3731: 3623: 3514: 3504: 3432: 3157: 2660: 2591: 2532: 2450: 1964: 1672: 1379: 132: 6539: 4395:

Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved on August 7, 2007, from the Dictionary.com website.

3228: 11134: 10467: 9104: 9063: 8937: 8543: 8434: 8422: 8118: 7859: 7698: 7335: 7269: 7253: 5227: 4483: 4072: 4009:

Most modern commercial jewellery continues traditional forms and styles, but designers such as

3790: 2700: 2331:, a necklace (with coins), bracelet, gold earrings, a pair of hair-pins, comb, and buckle. The 2283: 1866:

butterfly pendants on silver foxtail chains, dating from the 1st century, have been found near

1236: 602: 4424: 4033:), has placed jewellery within the economic grasp of a much larger segment of the population. 3993: 3707: 3484: 3427:; gold set with jewels and semi-precious stones; overall: 2.6 centimetres (1.0 in); from 1569:

Oldest golden artifacts in the world from Varna necropolis – grave offerings on exposition in

11494: 9716: 8802: 8738: 8612: 8305: 8231: 8005: 8000: 7938: 7877: 7814: 7762: 7755: 7301: 7065: 4434: 4120: 3310: 2880: 2711: 2680: 2091: 1777: 1034:

Conversely, the jewelry industry in the early 20th century launched a campaign to popularise

243: 8187: 5024: 4685: 2754: 1339:

was not uncommon. Women wore elaborate gold and silver pieces that were used in ceremonies.

11930: 11499: 11107: 10167: 9147: 9068: 9019: 9014: 8997: 8992: 8970: 8760: 8474: 8327: 8219: 8123: 7916: 7601: 7400: 7343: 6902: 6559: 4067:

The late 20th century saw the blending of European design with oriental techniques such as

2941:

and diamond; height: 23 centimetres (9.1 in), width: 26.5 centimetres (10.4 in);

2938: 2741:

This period also saw the first major collaboration between East and West. Collaboration in

2602: 1940: 1728: 1636: 1264: 705: 124:, excluding flowers for example. For many centuries metal such as gold often combined with 10396: 7571: 5110:

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/oldest-gold-object-unearthed-bulgaria-180960093/

4886:, Winter 2004, Vol. 24, Issue 1, p. 56. Greenbaum explains the lack of historical examples 2856: 1534:. This form represents the five fingers of the hand and is traditionally believed both by 1378:; gold and turquoise; overall: 5.1 by 2.3 centimetres (2.01 in × 0.91 in); 533:) the right to destroy the piece, however, it is very rare for the assay office to do so. 8: 11347: 11265: 10976: 9544: 9454: 9142: 9058: 8723: 8528: 8361: 7894: 7767: 7648: 7623: 6897: 5515:"Maharajas, Myths and Mysteries: The Fascinating History of India's Jewels and Jewellery" 4768: 4330: 4014: 4013:

have widened the concept of wearable art. The advent of new materials, such as plastics,

3518: 3318: 3301:

of the sacred metals. Even though the majority of the Indian population wore jewellery,

3249: 3069: 1858: 1839: 1744: 1140: 816: 231: 4360: 4048:

style jewellery, popularised by hip-hop and rap artists in the early 21st century, e.g.

4022: 3017: 2324: 2192:; 3.7 by 2.9 by 0.8 centimetres (1.46 in × 1.14 in × 0.31 in); 455: 11976: 10693: 9856: 9745: 9711: 9706: 9679: 9549: 9449: 9009: 8912: 8814: 8627: 7809: 7539: 7505: 6306: 6286: 6227: 6095: 5806: 5655: 5443: 5356: 5220: 4819: 4509: 4335: 4314: 4299: 3789:. Native American jewellery reflects the cultural diversity and history of its makers. 3751: 3136:

The Chinese often placed their jewellery in their graves. Most Chinese graves found by

2864: 2394: 2056: 239: 3462:; repousse gold with pearls; overall: 3.6 cm; from Nepal; Cleveland Museum of Art 1643:

contained a multitude of artefacts in gold, silver, and semi-precious stones, such as

1639:, where hundreds of burials dating 2900–2300 BC were unearthed; tombs such as that of 1477:

is a style of traditional jewellery worn by women and girls in the rural areas of the

1447: 719: 301: 11853: 11801: 11707: 11523: 11139: 11063: 11006: 10912: 10839: 10723: 10519: 10457: 10233: 10218: 10192: 9973: 9802: 9755: 9740: 9464: 9407: 9283: 9137: 9097: 9051: 9041: 9031: 8980: 8637: 8555: 7849: 7834: 7819: 7799: 7690: 7669: 7480: 7323: 6753: 6336: 6204: 6189: 6171: 6151: 6140: 5924: 5845: 5786: 5767: 5712: 5687: 5546: 5496: 5472: 5411: 5312: 5260: 5250: 5231: 5199: 5042: 5037: 5007: 4858: 4794: 4598: 4577: 4532: 4460: 4309: 4186: 4041: 3610: 2684: 2624: 1301: 1117: 802: 622: 483: 478:

range from 900 (90% pure) to 950 (95% pure). The silver used in jewellery is usually

183: 175: 5984: 3706:

gold jewellery, including a headband, nose ornament and pectoral, on display at the

3232:

Necklace with Shiva's family; late 19th century; gold inlaid with rubies, a diamond

11935: 11873: 11796: 11740: 11144: 11001: 10932: 10917: 10546: 10255: 9701: 9664: 9539: 9474: 9432: 9273: 9046: 8953: 8696: 8479: 8279: 8199: 8155: 7955: 7777: 7628: 7588: 6663: 6492: 6446: 6366: 6087: 5838: 5732:

From Bahadur Shah Zafar to the Nizam of Hyderabad, a jewellery brand for the royals

5336: 5289: 5280:

Treister, Mikhail (2004). "Polychrome Necklaces from the Late Hellenistic Period".

5032: 4937: 4452: 4233: 4030: 3832: 3630: 3322: 2868: 2707: 2499: 2366: 2303: 2154: 1982: 1615: 1577: 1560: 1527: 1490: 1086: 902: 839: 736: 709: 564: 404: 259: 255: 97: 85: 8538: 8494: 3857: 3609:

Another ancient American civilization with expertise in jewellery making were the

2838: 2377:. Like other contemporary cultures, jewellery was commonly buried with its owner. 1686:

royal archives, for example, gives the composition of various items of jewellery:

11945: 11745: 11697: 11474: 11202: 11171: 11162: 11090: 11043: 10852: 10708: 10630: 10593: 10529: 10260: 10172: 10157: 10109: 10028: 10023: 9988: 9978: 9895: 9873: 9574: 9534: 9288: 9235: 8927: 8897: 8659: 8587: 8565: 8523: 8418: 8388: 8253: 8248: 7899: 7782: 7353: 6758: 6693: 6504: 6477: 6044: 6020: 5738: 5252: 5116: 5096: 5079:

Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World, By Lance Grande

5076: 4870: 4863: 4833: 4717: 4569: 4431: 4392: 4367: 4104: 4060: 4049: 3193: 3177: 3110: 2962: 2926: 2888: 2794: 2761:

and jewellery pieces are still considered as the epitome of the goldsmith's art.

2715: 2628: 2620: 2524: 2503: 2328: 2181: 1811: 1519: 1506: 1356: 1125: 1113: 1039: 996: 728: 658: 580: 560: 498: 487: 479: 272: 235: 223: 207: 170: 11425: 10391: 3901: 2915: 2844: 2783: 1143:

features a perforation at the top, showing that it was intended to be worn as a

539:

are frequently used in jewellery. These may be made of glass, gemstones, metal,

444: 11905: 11826: 11479: 11070: 10703: 10534: 10524: 10450: 10369: 10162: 10089: 9926: 9851: 9836: 9787: 9772: 9767: 9728: 9669: 9626: 9619: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9397: 9362: 9036: 8963: 8785: 8750: 8681: 8570: 8442: 8150: 7735: 7725: 7546: 7527: 7111: 7055: 7043: 6972: 6616: 6554: 5768:"Women and Jewelry – The Traditional and Religious Dimensions of Ornamentation" 4385: 4340: 4254: 3538: 3534: 3360: 3044: 2692: 2430: 2279: 2161:

on it that was used with wax to seal documents, a practice that continued into

1764: 1415: 1399: 1260: 956: 898: 712:, part of the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found (1905), at 3,106.75 579:

in modern jewellery making. Beading, or beadwork, is also very popular in many

471: 329:

as a signifier of some form of affiliation, whether ethnic, religious or social

227: 158: 121: 10857: 6331: 5340: 4456: 4249: 4173: 2758: 829:

Many precious and semiprecious stones are used for jewellery. Among them are:

11970: 11925: 11836: 11717: 11702: 11586: 11235: 11095: 11085: 11058: 11048: 11018: 10989: 10576: 10539: 10514: 10509: 10104: 10008: 10003: 9900: 9890: 9885: 9841: 9579: 9569: 9514: 8922: 8907: 8853: 8831: 8728: 8716: 8632: 8383: 8344: 8332: 8320: 8032: 7943: 7872: 7613: 7556: 7534: 7443: 7375: 7370: 7348: 7186: 7116: 7075: 6743: 6497: 6482: 6431: 6091: 5293: 5046: 4193: 4178: 4143: 4135: 4126: 4037: 3775: 3554: 3545: 3510: 3488: 3137: 2696: 2311: 2139: 2112: 1956: 1857:

The Greeks took much of their designs from outer origins, such as Asia, when

1656: 1619:

Headdress decorated with golden leaves; 2600–2400 BC; gold, lapis lazuli and

1289: 1020: 1012: 988: 694: 572: 389: 385: 320: 203: 9375: 7463: 5628: 4882:

Greenbaum, Toni. "Silver Speaks: Traditional Jewelry From the Middle East".

4626: 3860:

traditionally had a strong culture of personal adornment, most famously the

3113:, hundreds of years before the first mention of such equipment in the west. 3081:

started around the same period, but it became widespread with the spread of

567:. Beads may be large or small; the smallest type of beads used are known as 11893: 11831: 11811: 11727: 11611: 11581: 11543: 11538: 11489: 11442: 11430: 11390: 11250: 11227: 11102: 10922: 10243: 10129: 10124: 9998: 9936: 9863: 9686: 9509: 9479: 9422: 9181: 8841: 8797: 8778: 8733: 8533: 8457: 8214: 8209: 8165: 7792: 7674: 7638: 7618: 7470: 7448: 7360: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7153: 7106: 6936: 6882: 6668: 6549: 6509: 6401: 5130:"Archaeologists have discovered the oldest treasure in the world – Afrinik" 4845:

Howard, Vicky. "A Real Man's Ring: Gender and the Invention of Tradition."

4222: 4084: 4076: 4010: 3642: 3053: 2860: 2859:

provided perhaps the most significant input to the trend, while in Denmark

2595: 2564: 2470: 2337: 2299: 2158: 1748: 1724: 1644: 1482: 1423: 1317: 1168: 1035: 713: 690: 526: 522: 420: 375: 324: 8890: 3491:

ear ornaments depicting winged runners; 3rd–7th century; gold, turquoise,

3336:

210 billion, US$ 2.6 billion or €2.6 billion in 2023).

3305:

and people related to royalty had a deeper connection with jewellery. The

2851:, was recognised by contemporaries as a leading figure in this trend. The 2474: 2355: 1664: 1623:; length: 38.5 centimetres (15.2 in); from the Royal Cemetery at Ur; 470:, or other precious items are often used, and they are typically set into 297: 11920: 11883: 11878: 11770: 11687: 11644: 11626: 11616: 11558: 11528: 11513: 11484: 11400: 11395: 11325: 11295: 11240: 11023: 10984: 10718: 10713: 10678: 10598: 10504: 10379: 10359: 10354: 10292: 10282: 10277: 10265: 10248: 10228: 10223: 9983: 9931: 9921: 9880: 9792: 9721: 9674: 9524: 9519: 9417: 9305: 9300: 9218: 8880: 8870: 8826: 8821: 8773: 8711: 8674: 8647: 8548: 8518: 8393: 8315: 8236: 8224: 7985: 7970: 7960: 7931: 7889: 7804: 7772: 7720: 7653: 7490: 7365: 7222: 7159: 7148: 7038: 6877: 6827: 6822: 6738: 6580: 6456: 6406: 6281: 6276: 5448:

Schmuck/Jewellery 1840–1940: Highlights from the Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim.

4279: 4226: 4095: 4068: 4045: 3941: 3914: 3854: 3634: 3578: 3558: 3526: 3522: 3397: 3241: 3006: 2930: 2895: 2848: 2814: 2676: 2672: 2556: 2519: 2340: 2315: 2307: 2213: 1683: 1632: 1498: 1352: 1306: 1081: 1028: 890: 686: 586: 576: 506: 440: 424: 357: 5360: 1240: 11955: 11664: 11639: 11606: 11518: 11410: 11405: 11352: 11342: 11330: 11315: 11300: 11255: 11206: 10967: 10942: 10937: 10872: 10862: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10698: 10645: 10551: 10477: 10374: 10337: 10319: 10119: 10068: 9946: 9941: 9905: 9797: 9782: 9641: 9631: 9609: 9584: 9427: 9385: 9335: 9330: 9208: 9024: 8917: 8875: 8691: 8654: 8617: 8513: 8100: 8012: 7839: 7740: 7713: 7633: 7431: 7385: 7296: 7264: 6982: 6927: 6802: 6715: 6673: 6575: 6524: 6461: 6436: 6311: 5468: 4710:"Diamonds Are a Girl's Worst Friend: The trouble with engagement rings" 4162: 4080: 4026: 3529: 3098: 2934: 2898:

once again changed public attitudes, and a more sober style developed.

2826: 2818: 2727: 2422: 2344: 2332: 1863: 1851: 1782: 1604: 1596: 1592: 1232: 1216: 1184: 1172: 1031:, which refers to the ostentatious display of jewelry by men or women. 698: 11285: 6683: 6099: 4963: 2813:

In the 1890s, jewellers began to explore the potential of the growing

2746: 1108:

of bone, teeth, berries, and stone hung on pieces of string or animal

62: 11950: 11940: 11915: 11821: 11765: 11750: 11692: 11679: 11659: 11649: 11601: 11576: 11571: 11548: 11504: 11467: 11420: 11305: 11290: 11011: 10994: 10819: 10640: 10612: 10445: 10309: 10270: 10238: 10038: 9993: 9868: 9846: 9636: 9491: 9469: 9340: 9315: 9295: 8932: 8701: 8686: 8284: 8269: 8194: 8177: 8095: 7980: 7921: 7911: 7906: 7829: 7708: 7596: 7522: 7289: 7279: 7128: 7121: 6992: 6987: 6967: 6892: 6817: 6811: 6792: 6688: 6629: 6544: 6441: 6376: 6351: 6341: 6271: 5562:

Lu, Peter J., "Early Precision Compound Machine from Ancient China."

4942: 4218: 4108: 4100: 4025:

and the development of improved quality artificial gemstones such as

3877: 3842: 3805: 3727: 3679: 3662: 3638: 3603: 3567: 3562: 3436: 3339: 3233: 3161: 3130: 2884: 2830: 2742: 2735: 2664: 2571: 2544: 2454: 2310:, are the most common artefacts known to us. A particularly striking 2245: 2120: 2060: 2016: 1968: 1952: 1895: 1668: 1620: 1581: 1427: 1419: 1383: 1324: 1293: 1256: 1204: 1180: 1176: 1121: 937: 822: 666: 606: 590: 568: 293: 137: 89: 2718:. Later, it would gain popular notoriety as the setting of the film 2294:

Post-Roman Europe continued to develop jewellery making skills. The

1651:, men and women both wore extensive amounts of jewellery, including 1155:

was previously thought to have been carried out exclusively by men.

11868: 11863: 11846: 11806: 11780: 11596: 11591: 11566: 11533: 11462: 11357: 11310: 11270: 10947: 10892: 10867: 10824: 10809: 10738: 10688: 10683: 10660: 10635: 10625: 10620: 10588: 10571: 10472: 10423: 10386: 10314: 10304: 10213: 10205: 10152: 10094: 10063: 10043: 9951: 9777: 9760: 9735: 9696: 9691: 9614: 9564: 9559: 9501: 9390: 9380: 9320: 9265: 9240: 9191: 9186: 9163: 9120: 8706: 8642: 8489: 8447: 8182: 8090: 7965: 7787: 7750: 7730: 7196: 7170: 7096: 7023: 6962: 6952: 6947: 6907: 6847: 6837: 6797: 6779: 6768: 6763: 6678: 6634: 6519: 6514: 6451: 6391: 6381: 6346: 6321: 6296: 6291: 4709: 4372: 4294: 4289: 3910: 3905: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3801: 3653: 3595: 3582: 3557:

than other precious metals. There are only a few known examples of

3550: 3492: 3364: 3343: 3306: 3302: 3153: 3082: 3040: 2970: 2750: 2587: 2507: 2446: 2374: 2362:

were perhaps the quintessential method and gemstone of the period.

2271: 2267: 2189: 2185: 2162: 2123: 2096: 2048: 1835: 1818: 1799: 1676: 1600: 1585: 1543: 1435: 1212: 1105: 1101: 976: 952: 928: 914: 894: 845: 808: 752: 670: 647: 618: 614: 594: 552: 548: 544: 530: 463: 393: 378: 289: 179: 166: 146: 125: 117: 113: 101: 5251:

Deppert-Lippitz, Barbara; Bromberg, Anne R.; Dennis, John (1996).

4508:

Web Team, Victoria and Albert Museum, Online Museum (2011-01-13).

2643:, while jewellers who worked with expensive materials were called 1743:

Pair of earrings with cuneiform inscriptions, 2093–2046 BC; gold;

1565: 11900: 11755: 11735: 11654: 11634: 11457: 11447: 11415: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11245: 11157: 11114: 11080: 11053: 10897: 10882: 10877: 10847: 10796: 10786: 10781: 10728: 10673: 10650: 10489: 10435: 10430: 10342: 10299: 10099: 9750: 9656: 9484: 9444: 9437: 9325: 9310: 9223: 8768: 8560: 8506: 8452: 8274: 8080: 7990: 7844: 7745: 7703: 7566: 7485: 7438: 7426: 7191: 7101: 7013: 6922: 6887: 6872: 6857: 6842: 6832: 6705: 6639: 6590: 6529: 6386: 6361: 6326: 6184:

Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea 1998. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia.

4262: 4197: 4154: 4088: 3882: 3823: 3368: 3353: 3197: 3109:

centuries BC show evidence of having been worked with a compound

3101: 3048: 2731: 2616: 2575: 2536: 2482: 2445:

Pair of Byzantine earrings; 7th century; gold, pearls, glass and

2351: 2347: 2263: 2166: 2147: 2143: 2131: 1948: 1807: 1648: 1535: 1486: 1478: 1320:

and silver had to be imported from beyond the country's borders.

1144: 1133: 1090: 1076:

The earliest known Jewellery was actually created not by humans (

1024: 992: 853: 638: 610: 598: 556: 382: 374:

Jewellery can symbolise group membership (as in the case, of the

109: 105: 5835: 3452: 529:(the body which gives U.K. jewellery its stamp of approval, the 11888: 11712: 11337: 11320: 10952: 10907: 10829: 10814: 10771: 10668: 10561: 10499: 10484: 10364: 10134: 10084: 10013: 9589: 9459: 9370: 9352: 9278: 9250: 9230: 9213: 9203: 8836: 8373: 8351: 8204: 8140: 8085: 7475: 7453: 7421: 7395: 7091: 6997: 6957: 6932: 6867: 6852: 6748: 6733: 6728: 6644: 6595: 6585: 6301: 6266: 4202: 3747: 3703: 3646: 3618: 3614: 3417: 3413: 3389: 3283: 3258: 3126: 3122: 3094: 2946: 2806: 2607: 2583: 2552: 2548: 2528: 2426: 2406: 2359: 2287: 2241: 2116: 2052: 1944: 1830: 1790: 1652: 1456: 1431: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1208: 1151: 1129: 1048: 984: 884: 875: 780: 682: 678: 674: 400: 368: 364: 333: 270:, may also cover decorated metalwork in precious metal such as 93: 5915:

Neich, R., Pereira, F. 2004. Pacific Jewellery and Adornment.

5866:

500 Nations: The Illustrated History of North American Indians

3770: 2993:; by René Lalique; gold and enamel; Calouste Gulbenkian Museum 2706:

In the United States, this period saw the founding in 1837 of

2535:

period and not found again until 1912. It contained Colombian

1635:. The most significant archaeological evidence comes from the 905:

is a popular type of quartz containing needle-like inclusions.

312:

Humans have used jewellery for a number of different reasons:

11437: 11382: 11280: 10957: 10887: 10583: 10556: 10494: 10418: 10347: 10287: 10114: 10018: 9965: 9814: 9554: 9529: 9412: 9402: 9347: 9171: 8902: 8622: 8356: 8310: 8172: 8027: 7975: 7551: 7517: 7070: 7060: 7050: 7033: 7028: 7018: 6977: 6807: 6787: 6723: 6655: 6396: 6371: 6316: 5578:"No Earrings, Tattoos or Cleavage: Inside China's War on Fun" 5456: 5002:

Reader's Digest Association. 1986. The last 2 million years.

4112: 4018: 4005:

Male hand with modern silver rings, one with a tribal motive.

3723: 3509:

Jewellery making started in the Americas with the arrival of

3428: 3349: 3279: 3275: 3118: 3078: 2636: 2632: 2612: 2540: 2398: 2295: 2275: 2127: 2108: 2099:; 31 by 26.5 centimetres (12.2 in × 10.4 in); 2012: 1960: 1867: 1822: 1815: 1803: 1640: 1513: 1452: 1313: 1109: 1052: 833: 654: 626: 514: 494: 475: 416: 412: 353: 305: 215: 154: 150: 6219: 2449:; 10.2 by 4.5 centimetres (4.0 in × 1.8 in); 1312:

In conjunction with gold jewellery, Egyptians used coloured

1051:. The majority of Islamic jewelry was in the form of bridal 11858: 11816: 11669: 11275: 11260: 10927: 10804: 10776: 10746: 10566: 10440: 10186: 9819: 9651: 9255: 9245: 9089: 8848: 8809: 8289: 8145: 8075: 7995: 7867: 7380: 6942: 6917: 6912: 6862: 6624: 5610:

Reader's Digest Association. 1983. Vanished Civilisations.

4258: 4210: 3980: 3846: 3599: 3262: 3152:

Fluted ring with a dragon head (huan); circa 475 BC; jade (

3105: 2966: 2798: 2579: 2568: 2560: 2478: 2370: 2319: 2135: 1539: 1297: 1136: 1056: 980: 908: 862: 794: 766: 643: 540: 536: 518: 510: 502: 467: 408: 162: 5375:

Vol 1 – From Pagan Rome to Byzantium. Harvard, 1987. p 506

3176:

Ornament with flowers and grapes design; 1115–1234; jade;

2354:

are a particularly well-known example. On the continent,

1497:, pl). Following long social and cultural traditions, the 10058: 9198: 9176: 8160: 7926: 7884: 4447:

Manutchehr-Danai, Mohsen, ed. (2009). "magical jewelry".

4116: 3121:

began blurring the ears of male actors wearing earrings.

2327:

are illustrative. A young girl was buried with: 2 silver

1847: 1595:, artifacts from the Kurgan settlement of Yunatsite near 1554: 1438:; height of the pectoral: 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in); 1335:

jewellery suggest that trade between the Middle East and

697:

when they are mined in a war zone and sold to finance an

4657:"Natural Diamond: World Production, By Country And Type" 4484:"BBC – History – Ancient History in depth: Viking Money" 3864:. Hei-tikis are traditionally carved by hand from bone, 3750:

made from obsidian in the shape of an eagle, now at the

2306:. Clothing fasteners, amulets, and, to a lesser extent, 2244:; 200–300 AD; gold; Archaeological Museum of Agrigento ( 4556:

Holland, J. 1999. The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia.

2764: 967: 316:

functional, generally to fix clothing or hair in place.

276:

and church items, not just objects worn on the person.

5353:

Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

1522:

word "khamsa" for the number "five"), which is called

145:

Jewellery may be made from a wide range of materials.

5537: 5535: 3722:

Moche nose ornament made from silver and gold-silver

3342:(nine gems) is a powerful jewel frequently worn by a 2095:; second quarter of the 1st century AD; five-layered 1655:, ankle bracelets, heavy multi-strand necklaces, and 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 3363:. For many Indians, especially those who follow the 2973:; overall diameter: 24.1 centimetres (9.5 in); 2469:

Front of a temple pendant with two birds flanking a

1463: 411:), stones, plants, animals, body parts (such as the 5780: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4398: 2867:, also contributed significant pieces. In England, 1288:The first signs of established jewellery making in 1231:Armlet with sun symbol; 16th–13th century BC (late 1150:Around seven-thousand years ago, the first sign of 142:important in other cultures, are much less common. 11201: 6199:Tait, H. 1986. Seven Thousand Years of Jewellery. 6150:Evans, J. 1989. A History of Jewellery 1100–1870 ( 5837: 5532: 5219: 3451:Earring with four-armed Vishnu riding Garuda with 2611:, suites of matching jewellery, such as a diamond 1870:, with only one example ever found anywhere else. 6113:KPMG India (2007). "Global Jewelry Consumption". 4987: 4897:"Stone Bracelet May Have Been Made by Denisovans" 4737:. Gemological Institute of America. 6 June 2012. 4720:. by Meghan O'Rourke at Slate.com, June 11, 2007. 3652:Jewellery played a major role in the fate of the 2278:; diameter: 23 centimetres (9.1 in); from a 2115:. The most common artefact of early Rome was the 1296:preferred the luxury, rarity, and workability of 332:to provide talismanic protection (in the form of 88:) consists of decorative items worn for personal 11968: 5257:Ancient Gold Jewelry at the Dallas Museum of Art 4545: 4446: 4232:In the late twentieth century, the influence of 2757:, working for the Imperial Russian court, whose 2011:; early 5th century; gold, glass, rock crystal, 71:Various examples of jewellery throughout history 4354: 3997:Gold and gemstone contemporary jewellery design 3133:were frequently depicted on jewellery designs. 2365:The Eastern successor of the Roman Empire, the 2262:Byzantine collier; late 6th–7th century; gold, 6161: 5807:"Ancient Platinum Technology in South America" 5408:Rings: Symbols of Wealth, Power, and Affection 5226:. British Museum Publications. 1976. pp. 4410: 3778:silversmith, photo by George Ben Wittick, 1883 2879:) and the British arts and crafts movement of 11187: 9105: 7238: 6235: 6106: 6080:Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 5880: 5627:. Tamilnadu.com. 4 March 2013. Archived from 5282:Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 4325:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience 4040:movement was spearheaded by artisans such as 1814:appeared, with the Greeks creating them from 1549: 1215:; length: 20.5 centimetres (8.1 in); by 1179:); length: 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in); by 6170:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 5706: 5651:"When showstopper Juhi walked down the ramp" 5426: 5424: 5022: 4966:"Cavewoman jeweller rewrites gender history" 4964:The Austrian Independent News and Pictures. 4537:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3125:were common, often with a Chinese symbol or 2961:Necklace; by René Lalique; 1897–1899; gold, 2887:design is one of the best examples of this. 1963:; overall: 39.4 centimetres (15.5 in); 509:and other natural animal substances such as 5836:Miller, Mary Ellen; Taube, Karl A. (1993). 5606: 5604: 5602: 4864:The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam (online) 4052:, a type of jewellery worn over the teeth. 3156:); overall: 9.1 centimetres (3.6 in); 2745:between German and Japanese artists led to 731:, this usage dates back to the marriage of 11194: 11180: 9112: 9098: 7252: 7245: 7231: 6242: 6228: 6112: 6065:Ripley's Believe It or Not Special Edition 6058: 6056: 5959:Maori made and wore items of jewellery..." 5911: 5909: 5858: 5351:Somerville, Orna. "Kite-Shaped Brooches". 4574:Body Guards: Protective Amulets and Charms 4229:, as well as some South American peoples. 3541:, had more complex use of the technology. 3479: 3376:waist to bless the bride with prosperity. 2647:, a practice which continues to this day. 2429:; length: 12.7 centimetres (5.0 in); 2126:and Indian diamonds and used emeralds and 1727:; length: 22.5 centimetres (8.9 in); 1116:pieces. A decorated engraved pendant (the 959:, which can be used in place of diamonds. 5462: 5421: 5387: 5036: 4941: 4406:American and British spelling differences 4079:, reactive metal anodising, shell forms, 2594:, who brought the precursor stone of the 1003:or rhodium for a more attractive finish. 693:, and other nations have been labeled as 345:generally considered as a good investment 10204: 6077: 5707:Prior, Katherine; Adamson, John (2000). 5681: 5599: 5279: 5259:. Dallas Museum of Art. pp. 88–89. 4507: 4248: 4172: 4153: 4063:showcasing modern Indian-style jewellery 4054: 4000: 3992: 3913:), abalone shell and pigments; from the 3769: 3572: 3483: 3227: 3097:in their jewellery more than gold. Blue 3029: 2821:, British (and to some extent American) 2777: 2730:in 1847, while 1884 saw the founding of 2654: 2498: 2257: 2084: 1776: 1614: 1564: 1446: 966: 934:gemstones (emerald, ruby, and sapphire). 718: 642: 583:and indigenous North American cultures. 434: 430: 283: 135:– with 100,000-year-old beads made from 131:Jewellery is one of the oldest types of 6053: 5974:Spring 2006, Vol. 26 Issue 1, pp. 42–45 5906: 5711:. New York: Vendome Press. p. 12. 4804: 3787:Indigenous peoples of the United States 1027:culture has popularised the slang term 11969: 10975: 5453:. Fall2006, Vol. 26 Issue 3, pp. 12–13 5371:Duby Georges and Philippe Ariès, eds. 5023:Camps-Fabrer, Henriette (1991-12-01). 4924: 4595:Jewelry: Fundamentals of Metalsmithing 3221: 1555:The first gold jewellery from Bulgaria 1292:was around 3,000–5,000 years ago. The 901:, are also part of the quartz family. 493:Other commonly used materials include 11175: 9093: 8416: 8055: 7321: 7226: 6223: 5985:"Nineteenth-Century American Jewelry" 5953:. Te Papa. 2010-06-02. Archived from 5774: 5750: 5306: 5193: 5136:from the original on 26 December 2021 4761:"What does solitaire ring look like?" 4741:from the original on 21 December 2019 4703: 4686:"How the African Diamond Trade Works" 3919:Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac 3371:faiths, bridal jewellery is known as 2817:style and the closely related German 2425:; early 7th century; gold, glass and 1323:Egyptian designs were most common in 1038:for men, which caught on, as well as 8417: 5934: 5783:Museo Larco. Experience Ancient Peru 5725: 5575: 4597:. Design Books International, 1997, 4425:Magic Of jewels: Chapter VII Amulets 4416: 4168: 3039:style has become popularly known as 2765:18th century/Romanticism/Renaissance 2578:, as well as Bohemian and Hungarian 2527:, the stock of a jeweller hidden in 1991:Much of the jewellery found was not 1512:Another major type is the so-called 1006: 971:An example of gold plated jewellery. 279: 11120:Global trade of secondhand clothing 6201:London: British Museum Publications 4244: 4103:, small batch series or unique and 3685:Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition 2671:Starting in the late 18th century, 2130:in their jewellery. In Roman-ruled 1284:Art of ancient Egypt § Jewelry 723:A diamond solitaire engagement ring 13: 6129: 5894:from the original on 16 March 2020 5817:from the original on 22 April 2023 5198:. Thames and Hudson. p. 251. 3983:; Los Angeles County Museum of Art 3845:is now the number one supplier of 3759: 3645:. Native Americans with access to 2240:Openwork hairnet with the head of 1892:Archaeological Museum of Heraklion 1731:(Iraq); Metropolitan Museum of Art 1414:Pectoral and necklace of Princess 1219:culture Metropolitan Museum of Art 746: 419:(such as stylised versions of the 250:At the same time, the spelling is 14: 12003: 8369:Megalithic architectural elements 6215: 5755:. New York: Vendome. p. 312. 5355:, volume 123, 1993. pp. 59–101. 5311:. Thames and Hudson. p. 79. 3972:Breast Ornament (civa vonovono); 1821:, a striped brown pink and cream 1723:Necklace; 2600–2500 BC; gold and 1464:Maghreb countries in North Africa 1255:Necklace; probably 2600–1300 BC; 962: 543:, shells, clay and polymer clay. 363:Many items of jewellery, such as 11776:Bronze and brass ornamental work 11156: 8056: 6038:"Q & A with Manuel Albarran" 5765: 5686:. Harry N. Abrams. p. 278. 5038:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1758 4953:from the original on 2018-07-22. 4361:Study reveals 'oldest jewellery' 4305:Jewellery of the Berber cultures 4285:Bronze and brass ornamental work 4217:peoples of the northwest coast. 3965: 3949: 3938:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 3926: 3894: 3739: 3715: 3696: 3670: 3581:from Tomb 1 of Structure VII of 3467: 3444: 3405: 3394:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 3381: 3238:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 3205: 3185: 3169: 3145: 3129:. Dragons, Chinese symbols, and 2998: 2982: 2954: 2903: 2847:, working for the Paris shop of 2631:covered glass beads in place of 2462: 2438: 2414: 2382: 2233: 2221: 2210:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 2201: 2174: 2068: 2040: 2028: 2000: 1932: 1920: 1903: 1875: 1756: 1736: 1716: 1704: 1475:Jewellery of the Berber cultures 1470:Jewellery of the Berber cultures 1407: 1391: 1364: 1344: 1248: 1224: 1196: 1160: 815: 801: 787: 773: 759: 198:itself is derived from the word 61: 52: 41: 32: 8988:Evolutionary origin of religion 6071: 6030: 6014:"Manuel Albarran Metal Couture" 6006: 5995:from the original on 2006-12-14 5977: 5970:McCrieght, Tim. "What's New?" 5964: 5943: 5871: 5829: 5799: 5759: 5744: 5700: 5675: 5643: 5617: 5588:from the original on 2022-05-21 5569: 5566:6/11/2004, Vol. 304, Issue 5677 5556: 5521:from the original on 2023-11-19 5512: 5506: 5485: 5437: 5400: 5378: 5365: 5345: 5325: 5300: 5273: 5244: 5212: 5187: 5174: 5161: 5148: 5122: 5102: 5082: 5064: 5053:from the original on 2023-07-18 5016: 4957: 4918: 4903:from the original on 2018-09-25 4889: 4876: 4852: 4839: 4783: 4753: 4723: 4678: 4667:from the original on 2018-06-25 4649: 4636: 4608: 4587: 4520:from the original on 2022-01-08 4490:from the original on 2014-02-10 4449:Dictionary of Gems and Gemology 4417:Kunz, George Frederick (1917). 3687:, 200 BC to 200 AD, now at the 3589:. Late Classic (660 to 750 AD). 3016:; gold, emeralds and diamonds; 2689:François-Désiré Froment-Meurice 2391:Eagle-shaped fibulae of Alovera 1203:String of beads; 3300–3100 BC; 1167:String of beads; 3650–3100 BC; 454:; gold, emeralds and diamonds; 396:people wearing wedding rings). 388:) or status (as in the case of 323:and personal status, as with a 6036:Ilbarra, Sabina (May 5, 2014) 5543:Traditional Jewellery of India 4767:. tidanapp.com. Archived from 4563: 4501: 4476: 4440: 4379: 4221:have been worn by the African 4158:Types of masonic collar jewels 4132:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 3352:was the first country to mine 3140:contain decorative jewellery. 3009:masterpiece; by René Lalique; 2773: 2650: 2494: 2403:National Archaeological Museum 2253: 1939:Necklace; circa 200 BC; gold, 1787:National Archaeological Museum 1610: 1351:Pectoral (chest jewellery) of 149:and similar materials such as 1: 8601:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 8131:British megalith architecture 6249: 6186:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 5465:A history of feminine fashion 5432:1,000 Facts on Modern History 5307:Smith, David Michael (2017). 5194:Smith, David Michael (2017). 5031:(in French) (10): 1496–1516. 4836:Chapter 4. Accessed July 2006 4827:Online at the Perseus Project 4824:The Natural History of Metals 4731:"What is a Solitaire Setting" 4347: 4021:harvesting by people such as 3973: 3456: 3421: 3010: 2919: 2787: 2782:Breastplate with a peacocks; 2699:jewellery after the death of 1372: 1089:, beads made from perforated 1071: 653:Diamonds were first mined in 490:findings are sometimes used. 448: 392:, or the Western practice of 9119: 8596:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 8501: 8136:Nordic megalith architecture 5781:Larco Hoyle, Rafael (2008). 5753:Traditional Jewelry of India 5684:Traditional Jewelry of India 5503:as well as Ilse-Neuman 2006. 5495:. Knickerbocker Press; 1999 5395:Great Ages of Man: Byzantium 5309:Ancient Greece Pocket Museum 5222:Jewellery Through 7000 Years 5196:Ancient Greece Pocket Museum 4257:at the Kirkkokatu street in 4205:have been worn since before 3754:in Baltimore, United States. 2863:, though best known for his 1838:" or endowed the owner with 1518:(local pronunciation of the 1175:(the white beads) (Egyptian 1098:European early modern humans 189: 7: 5951:"Maori customary adornment" 4272: 3495:and shell; diameter: 8 cm; 3025: 1976: 1810:. Also, the first signs of 1418:; 1887–1813 BC; gold, 1132:, carved bracelets made of 632: 482:, or 92.5% fine silver. In 214:", and beyond that, to the 169:have been widely used, and 10: 12008: 11130:List of individual dresses 8744:British Isles and Brittany 8665:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 5576:Yuan, Li (27 March 2019). 5410:. New York: Abrams, 1993. 5397:. Time-Life International. 5253:"Ch. 4 Europe and Western" 4849:, Summer 2003, pp 837–856. 4419:Magic of Jewels and Charms 4149: 3958:Metropolitan Museum of Art 3815: 3811: 3763: 3553:, which has a much higher 3502: 3497:Metropolitan Museum of Art 3278:, bangles are made out of 3214:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2975:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2943:Calouste Gulbenkian Museum 2833:, Italian "Liberty", etc. 2803:Calouste Gulbenkian Museum 2487:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2194:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2146:that could be filled with 2021:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1980: 1913:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1625:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1558: 1550:Europe and the Middle East 1467: 1440:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1281: 1189:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1062: 750: 636: 617:and "cold-joining" (using 505:, often carved or turned; 21:Jewellery (disambiguation) 18: 16:Form of personal adornment 11789: 11726: 11678: 11625: 11557: 11381: 11226: 11213: 11153: 11036: 10966: 10838: 10795: 10737: 10659: 10611: 10411: 10330: 10200: 10185: 10145: 10077: 10051: 10037: 9964: 9914: 9827: 9813: 9650: 9500: 9361: 9264: 9162: 9127: 8946: 8759: 8586: 8433: 8429: 8412: 8298: 8262: 8111: 8068: 8064: 8051: 7858: 7689: 7662: 7587: 7513: 7504: 7409: 7334: 7330: 7322: 7317: 7260: 7179: 7141: 7084: 7006: 6777: 6714: 6653: 6615: 6608: 6568: 6470: 6424: 6417: 6257: 5864:Josephy Jr, A.M. (1994). 5751:Prior, Katherine (2000). 5545:. New York: Abrams, 1997 5434:. Miles Kelly Publishing. 5373:A History of Private Life 5341:10.1017/S0003581520000475 4847:Journal of Social History 4457:10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0 4181:girl in Northern Thailand 3988: 3783:Native American jewellery 3271:Indus Valley Civilization 3255:Indus Valley civilization 3075:Indus Valley civilization 2853:Darmstadt Artists' Colony 1772: 1327:jewellery. Also, ancient 1272: 497:, such as fused-glass or 222:", meaning plaything. In 6092:10.1163/1570057042596388 6068:. Scholastic Inc. p. 22. 5741:, The Print, 5 Nov 2022. 5294:10.1163/1570057042596388 3822:Jewellery making in the 3818:Jewellery in the Pacific 3689:Art Institute of Chicago 3633:, Native Americans used 3325:and other jewelry worth 3313:was made in 1925 by the 3088: 3085:around 2,000 years ago. 2823:Arts and Crafts Movement 2598:to France in the 1660s. 2184:portrait of the Emperor 1485:inhabited by indigenous 1277: 951:Some gems, for example, 11911:Painting in Hälsingland 8976:Evolutionary musicology 8379:Oldest extant buildings 8306:Archaeological features 7825:Prepared-core technique 6744:Nickel silver (alpacca) 6162:LaGamma, Alisa (1991). 5868:. Alfred A. Knopf. Inc. 5682:Untracht, Oppi (1997). 5333:The Antiquaries Journal 4970:austrianindependent.com 4320:List of jewellery types 3766:Native American jewelry 3732:Cleveland Museum of Art 3637:, wood, turquoise, and 3624:role across Mesoamerica 3585:, thought to belong to 3515:cradles of civilization 3505:Native American jewelry 3480:North and South America 3433:Cleveland Museum of Art 3158:Cleveland Museum of Art 3063: 2871:, (notably through the 2695:was often seen wearing 2661:Cleveland Museum of Art 2592:Jean-Baptiste Tavernier 2451:Cleveland Museum of Art 2080: 1965:Cleveland Museum of Art 1542:to protect against the 1380:Cleveland Museum of Art 1259:, bone and stone; from 923:king of precious stones 917:, the word for ruby is 462:In creating jewellery, 133:archaeological artefact 11135:Reconstructed clothing 8938:Unchambered long cairn 8786:Mound Builders culture 8119:Neolithic architecture 7254:Prehistoric technology 5811:technology.matthey.com 4925:Milner, Nicky (2016). 4265: 4182: 4159: 4064: 4006: 3998: 3791:Native American tribes 3779: 3590: 3533:cultures, such as the 3500: 3455:(serpent divinities); 3388:Pendant probably with 3245: 3035: 2810: 2720:Breakfast at Tiffany's 2668: 2515: 2291: 2284:Antikensammlung Berlin 2104: 2019:; various dimensions; 1794: 1700: 1628: 1573: 1460: 1300:over other metals. In 1237:German National Museum 972: 724: 650: 597:use methods including 459: 339:as an artistic display 309: 8613:List of Stone Age art 7815:Microblade technology 7763:Langdale axe industry 7361:Ard / plough 7085:Other natural objects 6137:New York: H.N. Abrams 5844:. Thames and Hudson. 5785:. Lima: Museo Larco. 5393:Sherrard, P. (1972). 4435:George Frederick Kunz 4421:. John Lippincott Co. 4252: 4176: 4157: 4121:3D modelling software 4058: 4004: 3996: 3773: 3587:Yuknoom Tookʼ Kʼawiil 3576: 3487: 3231: 3033: 2881:Charles Robert Ashbee 2781: 2712:Charles Lewis Tiffany 2681:Industrial Revolution 2658: 2512:Cabinet des Médailles 2502: 2473:; 11th–12th century; 2421:Shoulder-clasps from 2261: 2101:Cabinet des médailles 2092:Great Cameo of France 2088: 1780: 1688: 1618: 1568: 1450: 1171:(the blue beads) and 1139:have been found. The 1128:in 2015. In southern 970: 722: 646: 547:commonly encompasses 438: 431:Materials and methods 304:", a type of pendant 287: 244:South African English 11931:Pressed flower craft 11076:Environmental impact 9020:Prehistoric medicine 9015:Prehistoric counting 8998:Prehistoric religion 8993:Paleolithic religion 8971:Behavioral modernity 8328:Causewayed enclosure 8220:Abri de la Madeleine 7344:Neolithic Revolution 6560:Wire wrapped jewelry 6540:Repoussé and chasing 6166:Metropolitan jewelry 6062:Packard, M. (2002). 5491:Constantino, Maria. 5430:Farndon, J. (2001). 5406:Scarisbrick, Diana. 5029:Encyclopédie berbère 4934:Internet Archaeology 4451:. Berlin: Springer. 3746:Mixtec-Puebla style 3710:in Bogota, Colombia. 3677:Pendant made from a 2009:Vulci set of jewelry 1729:Royal Cemetery at Ur 1637:Royal Cemetery of Ur 1265:United Arab Emirates 1211:, quartz and glazed 706:British crown jewels 629:to assemble parts). 258:. Both are used in 19:For other uses, see 11982:Fashion accessories 11348:Spinning (textiles) 11266:Friendship bracelet 11163:Clothing portal 9059:Prehistoric warfare 7805:Magdalenian culture 7768:Levallois technique 7699:Earliest toolmaking 7102:Ebonite (vulcanite) 6121:(Summer 2007): 180. 5444:Ilse-Neuman, Ursula 4812:The Natural History 4789:Nassau, K. (1980). 4331:Live insect jewelry 4015:Precious Metal Clay 3909:; 1500–1800; jade ( 3319:Maharaja of Patiala 3250:Indian subcontinent 3222:Indian subcontinent 3070:Indian subcontinent 2829:, Austro-Hungarian 2563:from India, Afghan 1859:Alexander the Great 1840:supernatural powers 1745:Sulaymaniyah Museum 1141:Venus of Hohle Fels 232:New Zealand English 11992:Types of jewellery 9010:Origin of language 9003:Spiritual drug use 8913:Rectangular dolmen 8815:Dartmoor kistvaens 8628:Carved stone balls 8340:Circular enclosure 8299:Other architecture 8242:Alp pile dwellings 7830:Solutrean industry 7741:Gravettian culture 7391:Secondary products 6447:Jewellery designer 6043:2016-04-13 at the 6019:2016-04-11 at the 5737:2023-09-30 at the 5656:The Times of India 5631:on 18 October 2013 5582:the new york times 5463:Anonymous (2013). 5115:2019-09-28 at the 5095:2023-07-18 at the 5075:2022-11-01 at the 4869:2011-10-13 at the 4832:2008-04-11 at the 4820:Henry Thomas Riley 4771:on 5 December 2021 4716:2011-09-24 at the 4430:2013-12-13 at the 4391:2016-03-07 at the 4366:2018-06-12 at the 4336:Suffrage jewellery 4315:Jewelry Television 4300:Jewellery cleaning 4266: 4234:modern primitivism 4185:Jewellery used in 4183: 4160: 4065: 4038:"jewellery as art" 4007: 3999: 3780: 3752:Walters Art Museum 3658:Spanish colonizers 3591: 3579:funerary jewellery 3501: 3246: 3036: 3005:Hair ornament, an 2811: 2755:Peter Carl Fabergé 2669: 2603:Napoleon Bonaparte 2516: 2292: 2280:Constantinopolitan 2105: 2057:Walters Art Museum 1795: 1629: 1574: 1495:Amazigh, Imazighen 1461: 973: 838:Amber, an ancient 725: 651: 460: 439:Hair ornament, an 310: 240:Australian English 11964: 11963: 11854:Hardstone carving 11802:Balloon modelling 11316:Ribbon embroidery 11169: 11168: 11140:Right to clothing 11064:Halloween costume 11032: 11031: 11007:black lounge suit 10607: 10606: 10407: 10406: 10181: 10180: 9960: 9959: 9087: 9086: 9083: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9032:Prehistoric music 8981:music archaeology 8638:Cup and ring mark 8463:Clothing/textiles 8408: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8047: 8046: 8043: 8042: 7850:Yubetsu technique 7835:Striking platform 7800:Lithic technology 7685: 7684: 7670:Game drive system 7589:Projectile points 7481:Mortar and pestle 7220: 7219: 7137: 7136: 7007:Organic gemstones 6604: 6603: 6115:Gems and Gemology 5709:Maharajas' Jewels 5384:Duby, throughout. 4859:Yusuf al-Qaradawi 4810:Pliny the Elder. 4576:. Element, 1999, 4466:978-3-540-72795-8 4327:(healing jewelry) 4310:Jewellery Quarter 4187:body modification 4169:Body modification 4127:Artisan jewellery 4042:Robert Lee Morris 3269:Jewellery in the 3093:The Chinese used 3058:Elizabeth Treskow 2869:Liberty & Co. 2857:Wiener Werkstätte 2749:plaques set into 2708:Tiffany & Co. 2685:costume jewellery 2625:costume jewellery 1862:thrive. Numerous 1331:designs found in 1302:Predynastic Egypt 1118:Star Carr Pendant 1007:Impact on society 484:costume jewellery 405:devotional medals 280:Form and function 184:genital jewellery 11999: 11987:Human appearance 11936:Qing handicrafts 11741:Chemical milling 11196: 11189: 11182: 11173: 11172: 11161: 11160: 11145:Vintage clothing 10973: 10972: 10918:Pocket protector 10202: 10201: 10198: 10197: 10158:Bodysuit, infant 10049: 10048: 9830:formal, informal 9825: 9824: 9665:Ceremonial dress 9114: 9107: 9100: 9091: 9090: 9047:Divje Babe flute 8954:Archaeoastronomy 8697:Petrosomatoglyph 8431: 8430: 8414: 8413: 8263:Water management 8066: 8065: 8053: 8052: 7956:Denticulate tool 7778:Lithic reduction 7511: 7510: 7332: 7331: 7319: 7318: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7224: 7223: 6664:Britannia silver 6613: 6612: 6422: 6421: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6221: 6220: 6181: 6123: 6122: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6075: 6069: 6060: 6051: 6034: 6028: 6010: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5981: 5975: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5947: 5941: 5938: 5932: 5913: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5869: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5843: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5766:Kaur, Prabhjot. 5763: 5757: 5756: 5748: 5742: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5659:. Archived from 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5621: 5615: 5608: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5573: 5567: 5560: 5554: 5541:Untracht, Oppi. 5539: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5510: 5504: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5460: 5454: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5419: 5404: 5398: 5391: 5385: 5382: 5376: 5369: 5363: 5349: 5343: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5225: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5191: 5185: 5178: 5172: 5165: 5159: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5126: 5120: 5106: 5100: 5086: 5080: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5040: 5020: 5014: 5000: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4972:. Archived from 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4945: 4943:10.11141/ia.40.8 4931: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4893: 4887: 4880: 4874: 4856: 4850: 4843: 4837: 4808: 4802: 4791:Gems made by man 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4727: 4721: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4653: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4625:. Archived from 4620: 4616:"Home – GIA.edu" 4612: 4606: 4593:McCreight, Tim. 4591: 4585: 4567: 4561: 4558:Kingfisher books 4554: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4444: 4438: 4422: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4383: 4377: 4376:, June 22, 2006. 4358: 4245:Jewellery market 4031:diamond simulant 4023:Mikimoto Kōkichi 3978: 3975: 3969: 3953: 3930: 3898: 3833:Papua New Guinea 3743: 3734:, United States. 3719: 3700: 3691:, United States. 3674: 3631:Northern America 3561:platinum in the 3471: 3461: 3458: 3448: 3426: 3423: 3409: 3385: 3335: 3331: 3329: 3323:Patiala Necklace 3209: 3189: 3173: 3149: 3015: 3012: 3002: 2986: 2958: 2924: 2921: 2912:Dragonfly brooch 2907: 2792: 2789: 2559:from Sri Lanka, 2506:; 16th century; 2466: 2442: 2418: 2386: 2367:Byzantine Empire 2325:Chalon-sur-Saône 2304:Byzantine Empire 2237: 2225: 2205: 2178: 2072: 2044: 2032: 2004: 1983:Etruscan jewelry 1936: 1924: 1907: 1879: 1760: 1740: 1720: 1708: 1578:Varna Necropolis 1561:Varna Necropolis 1411: 1395: 1377: 1374: 1368: 1348: 1252: 1228: 1200: 1164: 1087:Enkapune Ya Muto 1040:engagement rings 903:Rutilated quartz 840:organic gemstone 819: 805: 791: 777: 763: 737:Mary of Burgundy 729:engagement rings 710:Cullinan Diamond 575:, is enjoying a 545:Beaded jewellery 453: 450: 443:masterpiece; by 390:chains of office 260:Canadian English 256:American English 86:American English 65: 56: 45: 36: 12007: 12006: 12002: 12001: 12000: 11998: 11997: 11996: 11967: 11966: 11965: 11960: 11946:Straw marquetry 11785: 11722: 11698:Enamelled glass 11674: 11621: 11553: 11377: 11222: 11209: 11203:Decorative arts 11200: 11170: 11165: 11155: 11149: 11091:made-to-measure 11044:Clothing fetish 11028: 10962: 10834: 10791: 10733: 10709:Square leg suit 10655: 10631:Blanket sleeper 10603: 10594:Sleeved blanket 10403: 10326: 10191: 10189: 10177: 10153:Bodysuit, adult 10141: 10073: 10041: 10033: 9956: 9910: 9829: 9817: 9809: 9655: 9646: 9496: 9357: 9260: 9158: 9157: 9123: 9118: 9088: 9075: 8942: 8928:Stone box grave 8898:Megalithic tomb 8803:Cotswold-Severn 8755: 8660:Guardian stones 8588:Prehistoric art 8582: 8425: 8400: 8389:Timber trackway 8294: 8258: 8254:Wattle and daub 8107: 8086:Standing stones 8060: 8039: 7854: 7681: 7658: 7583: 7500: 7410:Food processing 7405: 7354:New World crops 7326: 7313: 7256: 7251: 7221: 7216: 7175: 7133: 7122:Spondylus shell 7080: 7002: 6773: 6759:Stainless steel 6710: 6694:Sterling silver 6654:Precious metal 6649: 6617:Precious metals 6600: 6564: 6466: 6413: 6253: 6248: 6218: 6178: 6132: 6130:Further reading 6127: 6126: 6111: 6107: 6076: 6072: 6061: 6054: 6049:Living Out Loud 6045:Wayback Machine 6035: 6031: 6021:Wayback Machine 6012:Mohemad, Dena. 6011: 6007: 5998: 5996: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5969: 5965: 5957:on 2010-06-02. 5949: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5921:Auckland Museum 5914: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5888:"Haida Jewelry" 5886: 5885: 5881: 5876: 5872: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5834: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5793: 5779: 5775: 5764: 5760: 5749: 5745: 5739:Wayback Machine 5730: 5726: 5719: 5705: 5701: 5694: 5680: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5663:on 14 June 2013 5649: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5612:Reader's Digest 5609: 5600: 5591: 5589: 5574: 5570: 5561: 5557: 5540: 5533: 5524: 5522: 5513:Pal, Sanchari. 5511: 5507: 5490: 5486: 5479: 5461: 5457: 5446:. Book review 5442: 5438: 5429: 5422: 5405: 5401: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5370: 5366: 5350: 5346: 5330: 5326: 5319: 5305: 5301: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5192: 5188: 5179: 5175: 5166: 5162: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5132:. 15 May 2021. 5128: 5127: 5123: 5117:Wayback Machine 5107: 5103: 5097:Wayback Machine 5087: 5083: 5077:Wayback Machine 5069: 5065: 5056: 5054: 5021: 5017: 5004:Reader's Digest 5001: 4988: 4979: 4977: 4962: 4958: 4950: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4906: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4881: 4877: 4871:Wayback Machine 4857: 4853: 4844: 4840: 4834:Wayback Machine 4809: 4805: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4718:Wayback Machine 4708: 4704: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4670: 4668: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4644:Natural History 4641: 4637: 4629: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4592: 4588: 4570:Morris, Desmond 4568: 4564: 4555: 4546: 4530: 4529: 4523: 4521: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4445: 4441: 4432:Wayback Machine 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4393:Wayback Machine 4384: 4380: 4368:Wayback Machine 4359: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4275: 4253:The Oulun Koru 4247: 4171: 4152: 4061:Shraddha Kapoor 4059:Indian actress 3991: 3984: 3976: 3970: 3961: 3960:(New York City) 3954: 3945: 3931: 3922: 3899: 3827:common pieces. 3820: 3814: 3768: 3762: 3760:Native American 3755: 3744: 3735: 3720: 3711: 3701: 3692: 3675: 3507: 3499:(New York City) 3482: 3475: 3472: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3440: 3424: 3410: 3401: 3386: 3333: 3332:(equivalent to 3327: 3326: 3224: 3217: 3216:(New York City) 3210: 3201: 3190: 3181: 3178:Shanghai Museum 3174: 3165: 3150: 3111:milling machine 3091: 3066: 3047:and the German 3028: 3021: 3013: 3003: 2994: 2987: 2978: 2977:(New York City) 2959: 2950: 2927:vitreous enamel 2922: 2908: 2790: 2776: 2767: 2716:Abraham Lincoln 2653: 2525:Cheapside Hoard 2497: 2490: 2489:(New York City) 2467: 2458: 2443: 2434: 2419: 2410: 2387: 2373:that decorated 2256: 2249: 2238: 2229: 2226: 2217: 2206: 2197: 2196:(New York City) 2179: 2083: 2076: 2073: 2064: 2045: 2036: 2033: 2024: 2023:(New York City) 2005: 1985: 1979: 1972: 1937: 1928: 1925: 1916: 1915:(New York City) 1908: 1899: 1880: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1752: 1741: 1732: 1721: 1712: 1709: 1627:(New York City) 1613: 1563: 1557: 1552: 1528:Berber language 1491:Berber language 1472: 1466: 1443: 1442:(New York City) 1412: 1403: 1396: 1387: 1375: 1369: 1360: 1357:Egyptian Museum 1349: 1286: 1280: 1275: 1268: 1253: 1244: 1229: 1220: 1201: 1192: 1191:(New York City) 1165: 1126:North Yorkshire 1114:mother-of-pearl 1074: 1065: 1009: 965: 870:stone of heaven 825: 820: 811: 806: 797: 792: 783: 778: 769: 764: 755: 749: 747:Other gemstones 727:Now popular in 641: 635: 488:stainless steel 480:sterling silver 472:precious metals 451: 433: 319:as a marker of 302:Boule de Genève 282: 236:Hiberno-English 224:British English 192: 159:precious metals 75: 74: 73: 72: 68: 67: 66: 58: 57: 48: 47: 46: 38: 37: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12005: 11995: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11897: 11896: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11874:Leatherworking 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11850: 11849: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11827:Egg decorating 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11793: 11791: 11787: 11786: 11784: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11732: 11730: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11684: 11682: 11676: 11675: 11673: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11631: 11629: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11563: 11561: 11555: 11554: 11552: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11510: 11509: 11508: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11471: 11470: 11465: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11434: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11387: 11385: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11232: 11230: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11220: 11214: 11211: 11210: 11199: 11198: 11191: 11184: 11176: 11167: 11166: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11111: 11110: 11100: 11099: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11078: 11073: 11071:Cross-dressing 11068: 11067: 11066: 11061: 11051: 11046: 11040: 11038: 11034: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11027: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11015: 11014: 11009: 10999: 10998: 10997: 10992: 10981: 10979: 10970: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10844: 10842: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10801: 10799: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10743: 10741: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10665: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10617: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10580: 10579: 10574: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10481: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10455: 10454: 10453: 10448: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10415: 10413: 10409: 10408: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10399: 10394: 10384: 10383: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10357: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10345: 10334: 10332: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10296: 10295: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10274: 10273: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10252: 10251: 10246: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10210: 10208: 10195: 10183: 10182: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10163:Long underwear 10160: 10155: 10149: 10147: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10090:Training pants 10087: 10081: 10079: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10055: 10053: 10046: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9970: 9968: 9962: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9918: 9916: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9877: 9876: 9871: 9861: 9860: 9859: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9833: 9831: 9822: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9714: 9709: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9661: 9659: 9648: 9647: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9623: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9506: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9494: 9489: 9488: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9442: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9367: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9281: 9276: 9270: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9196: 9195: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9174: 9168: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9117: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9094: 9085: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9061: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9037:Alligator drum 9029: 9028: 9027: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8985: 8984: 8983: 8973: 8968: 8967: 8966: 8964:lunar calendar 8961: 8950: 8948: 8947:Other cultural 8944: 8943: 8941: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8867: 8866: 8861: 8851: 8846: 8845: 8844: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8818: 8817: 8807: 8806: 8805: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8783: 8782: 8781: 8776: 8765: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8753: 8751:Venus figurine 8748: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8682:Megalithic art 8679: 8678: 8677: 8672: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8640: 8635: 8633:Cave paintings 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8609: 8608: 8598: 8592: 8590: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8439: 8437: 8435:Material goods 8427: 8426: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8365: 8364: 8354: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8313: 8308: 8302: 8300: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8245: 8244: 8234: 8229: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8158: 8153: 8151:Cliff dwelling 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8127: 8126: 8115: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8104: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8083: 8078: 8072: 8070: 8062: 8061: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8035: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8009: 8008: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7936: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7903: 7902: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7881: 7880: 7870: 7864: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7736:Fire hardening 7733: 7728: 7726:Clovis culture 7723: 7718: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7695: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7679: 7678: 7677: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7651: 7649:Manis Mastodon 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7593: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7549: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7532: 7531: 7530: 7528:throwing stick 7520: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7424: 7419: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7351: 7340: 7338: 7328: 7327: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7305: 7304: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7250: 7249: 7242: 7235: 7227: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7183:Related topics 7180: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7143: 7139: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7010: 7008: 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6784: 6782: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6702: 6701: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6621: 6619: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6555:Wire sculpture 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6480: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6263: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6247: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6224: 6217: 6216:External links 6214: 6213: 6212: 6197: 6182: 6177:978-0870996160 6176: 6159: 6148: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6105: 6086:(3): 199–257. 6070: 6052: 6029: 6025:Pushit Journal 6005: 5976: 5963: 5942: 5933: 5905: 5879: 5870: 5857: 5851:978-0500050682 5850: 5828: 5798: 5792:978-9972934124 5791: 5773: 5758: 5743: 5724: 5718:978-0865652187 5717: 5699: 5693:978-0810938861 5692: 5674: 5642: 5616: 5598: 5568: 5555: 5531: 5505: 5484: 5478:978-1289626945 5477: 5471:. p. 71. 5455: 5436: 5420: 5399: 5386: 5377: 5364: 5344: 5324: 5318:978-0500519585 5317: 5299: 5288:(3): 199–257. 5272: 5266:978-0936227191 5265: 5243: 5237:978-0714100548 5236: 5211: 5205:978-0500519585 5204: 5186: 5173: 5160: 5147: 5121: 5101: 5081: 5063: 5015: 4986: 4956: 4917: 4888: 4875: 4851: 4838: 4822:, Book XXXIII 4803: 4782: 4752: 4722: 4702: 4677: 4661:indexmundi.com 4648: 4635: 4632:on 2007-09-26. 4607: 4586: 4562: 4544: 4500: 4475: 4465: 4439: 4409: 4397: 4386:jewel. (n.d.). 4378: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4343: 4341:Wire sculpture 4338: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4255:jewellery shop 4246: 4243: 4170: 4167: 4151: 4148: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3971: 3964: 3962: 3955: 3948: 3946: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3900: 3893: 3816:Main article: 3813: 3810: 3764:Main article: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3745: 3738: 3736: 3726:, inlaid with 3721: 3714: 3712: 3702: 3695: 3693: 3676: 3669: 3570:it with gold. 3503:Main article: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3466: 3464: 3450: 3443: 3441: 3411: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3380: 3315:Indian royalty 3223: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3202: 3191: 3184: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3166: 3151: 3144: 3138:archaeologists 3090: 3087: 3065: 3062: 3045:Walter Gropius 3027: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3004: 2997: 2995: 2988: 2981: 2979: 2960: 2953: 2951: 2909: 2902: 2877:Archibald Knox 2801:and diamonds; 2775: 2772: 2766: 2763: 2724:Pierre Cartier 2693:Queen Victoria 2652: 2649: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2444: 2437: 2435: 2431:British Museum 2420: 2413: 2411: 2388: 2381: 2312:Celtic example 2255: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2239: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2220: 2218: 2207: 2200: 2198: 2180: 2173: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2046: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2027: 2025: 2006: 1999: 1981:Main article: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1938: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1919: 1917: 1909: 1902: 1900: 1881: 1874: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1765:British Museum 1762: 1755: 1753: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1722: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1657:cylinder seals 1612: 1609: 1559:Main article: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1468:Main article: 1465: 1462: 1445: 1444: 1416:Sithathoriunet 1413: 1406: 1404: 1400:British Museum 1397: 1390: 1388: 1376: 1069 BC 1370: 1363: 1361: 1350: 1343: 1282:Main article: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1261:Saruq Al Hadid 1254: 1247: 1245: 1230: 1223: 1221: 1202: 1195: 1193: 1166: 1159: 1073: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1013:sumptuary laws 1008: 1005: 964: 963:Metal finishes 961: 957:cubic zirconia 945: 944: 940: 935: 931: 926: 911: 906: 887: 882: 878: 873: 865: 860: 856: 851: 848: 843: 836: 827: 826: 821: 814: 812: 807: 800: 798: 793: 786: 784: 779: 772: 770: 765: 758: 751:Main article: 748: 745: 695:blood diamonds 637:Main article: 634: 631: 432: 429: 350: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 330: 327: 317: 281: 278: 246:it is spelled 228:Indian English 191: 188: 70: 69: 60: 59: 51: 50: 49: 40: 39: 31: 30: 29: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12004: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11926:Private press 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11837:Faux painting 11835: 11833: 11832:Engraved gems 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11794: 11792: 11788: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11729: 11725: 11719: 11718:Stained glass 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11703:Glass etching 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11681: 11677: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11624: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11511: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11492: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11460: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11418: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11380: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11236:Banner-making 11234: 11233: 11231: 11229: 11225: 11219: 11216: 11215: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11197: 11192: 11190: 11185: 11183: 11178: 11177: 11174: 11164: 11159: 11152: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11109: 11106: 11105: 11104: 11101: 11097: 11096:ready-to-wear 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11086:haute couture 11084: 11083: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11059:creature suit 11057: 11056: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11049:Clothing swap 11047: 11045: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11035: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11003: 11000: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10990:morning dress 10988: 10987: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10978: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10965: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10841: 10837: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10736: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10658: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10610: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10578: 10577:dressing gown 10575: 10573: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10459: 10456: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10443: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10389: 10388: 10385: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10294: 10291: 10290: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10188: 10184: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10105:Plastic pants 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10076: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10040: 10036: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9963: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9913: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9891:Princess line 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9865: 9862: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9842:Bouffant gown 9840: 9838: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9828:Formal, semi- 9826: 9823: 9821: 9816: 9812: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9748: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9730: 9727: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9653: 9649: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9580:Pedal pushers 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9490: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9373: 9372: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9364: 9360: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9263: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9161: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9115: 9110: 9108: 9103: 9101: 9096: 9095: 9092: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9033: 9030: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8990: 8989: 8986: 8982: 8979: 8978: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8945: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8923:Simple dolmen 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8908:Passage grave 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8854:Gallery grave 8852: 8850: 8847: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8811: 8808: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8799: 8796: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8787: 8784: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8770: 8769:Burial mounds 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8749: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8729:Statue menhir 8727: 8725: 8722: 8718: 8717:Stone carving 8715: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8568: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8556:Sewing needle 8554: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8508: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8420: 8415: 8411: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8384:Timber circle 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8363: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8333:Tor enclosure 8331: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8322: 8321:fulacht fiadh 8319: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8297: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8189: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8110: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8054: 8050: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7688: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7603: 7600: 7599: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7557:spear-thrower 7555: 7554: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7535:Bow and arrow 7533: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7444:Grinding slab 7442: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7376:Domestication 7374: 7372: 7371:Digging stick 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7349:Founder crops 7347: 7346: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7316: 7310: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7295: 7291: 7290:New Stone Age 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7259: 7255: 7248: 7243: 7241: 7236: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7225: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7187:Body piercing 7185: 7182: 7181: 7178: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7076:Tortoiseshell 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7005: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6776: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6704: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6652: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6432:Bench jeweler 6430: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6240: 6238: 6233: 6231: 6226: 6225: 6222: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6165: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6133: 6120: 6116: 6109: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6074: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6057: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6033: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6009: 5994: 5990: 5989:metmuseum.org 5986: 5980: 5973: 5967: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5937: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5917:David Bateman 5912: 5910: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5874: 5867: 5861: 5853: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5832: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5794: 5788: 5784: 5777: 5769: 5762: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5728: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5662: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5613: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5559: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5440: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5396: 5390: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5320: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5268: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5247: 5239: 5233: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5215: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5180:Nemet-Nejat, 5177: 5170: 5167:Nemet-Nejat, 5164: 5157: 5154:Nemet-Nejat, 5151: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5105: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5085: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5067: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4976:on 2012-10-07 4975: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4914: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4885: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4848: 4842: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4691: 4690:HowStuffWorks 4687: 4681: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4639: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4559: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4540: 4534: 4519: 4515: 4514:www.vam.ac.uk 4511: 4510:"Trade Beads" 4504: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4420: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4394: 4390: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4270: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4215:First Nations 4212: 4208: 4207:first contact 4204: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4180: 4175: 4166: 4164: 4156: 4147: 4145: 4144:metal couture 4139: 4137: 4136:New York City 4133: 4128: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4003: 3995: 3982: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3730:, now at the 3729: 3725: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3673: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3555:melting point 3552: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3511:Paleo-Indians 3506: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3470: 3465: 3454: 3447: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3419: 3415: 3412:Earring with 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330:1,000 million 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3215: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3068:In Asia, the 3061: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3019: 3018:Musée d'Orsay 3008: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2991:Snakes brooch 2985: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2925:–1898; gold, 2917: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2839:plique-à-jour 2834: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2793:–1900; gold, 2785: 2780: 2771: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2722:. In France, 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2701:Prince Albert 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2547:from Brazil, 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2385: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2231: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2134:, fossilised 2133: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113:Roman designs 2110: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2087: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2038: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2003: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1957:baroque pearl 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1829:Jewellery in 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1766: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1707: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1540:Jewish people 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1487:Berber people 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290:Ancient Egypt 1285: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1069: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1036:wedding rings 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1016: 1014: 1004: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 969: 960: 958: 954: 949: 941: 939: 936: 932: 930: 927: 924: 920: 916: 912: 910: 907: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 886: 883: 879: 877: 874: 871: 866: 864: 861: 857: 855: 852: 849: 847: 844: 841: 837: 835: 832: 831: 830: 824: 818: 813: 810: 804: 799: 796: 790: 785: 782: 776: 771: 768: 762: 757: 756: 754: 744: 740: 738: 734: 730: 721: 717: 715: 711: 707: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 649: 645: 640: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 573:Victorian era 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 491: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 457: 456:Musée d'Orsay 446: 442: 437: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 391: 387: 386:Star of David 384: 380: 377: 372: 370: 366: 361: 359: 355: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 331: 328: 326: 322: 321:social status 318: 315: 314: 313: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 286: 277: 275: 274: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 187: 185: 181: 177: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 143: 140: 139: 134: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 64: 55: 44: 35: 26: 22: 11894:Glass mosaic 11812:Bone carving 11760: 11612:Wood carving 11607:Wood burning 11582:Chip carving 11539:Scrapbooking 11524:Papier-mâché 11490:Papercutting 11443:Iris folding 11431:Photomontage 11426:Papier collé 11391:Altered book 11251:Cross-stitch 11103:Fur clothing 10923:Pocket watch 10902: 10244:British Warm 10219:Chesterfield 10130:boxer shorts 10125:boxer briefs 9857:little black 9510:Bell-bottoms 9480:sweater vest 8864:wedge-shaped 8849:Funeral pyre 8842:Great dolmen 8798:Chamber tomb 8779:Round barrow 8734:Stone circle 8606:Blombos Cave 8534:Grooved ware 8458:Chalcolithic 8362:Thornborough 8280:Flush toilet 8215:Blombos Cave 8210:Rock shelter 8166:Quiggly hole 8058:Architecture 8033:illustration 7675:Buffalo jump 7496:Storage pits 7459:Aşıklı Höyük 7449:Ground stone 7285:Subdivisions 7212:Wearable art 7207:Phaleristics 7202:Metalworking 7107:Gutta-percha 6883:Lapis lazuli 6669:Colored gold 6550:Stonesetting 6250: 6200: 6185: 6167: 6164: 6136: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6063: 6048: 6032: 6024: 6008: 5997:. Retrieved 5988: 5979: 5971: 5966: 5958: 5955:the original 5945: 5936: 5920: 5916: 5896:. Retrieved 5882: 5873: 5865: 5860: 5839: 5831: 5819:. Retrieved 5810: 5801: 5782: 5776: 5761: 5752: 5746: 5727: 5708: 5702: 5683: 5677: 5665:. Retrieved 5661:the original 5654: 5645: 5633:. Retrieved 5629:the original 5619: 5611: 5590:. Retrieved 5581: 5571: 5563: 5558: 5542: 5523:. Retrieved 5508: 5492: 5487: 5464: 5458: 5450: 5447: 5439: 5431: 5407: 5402: 5394: 5389: 5380: 5372: 5367: 5352: 5347: 5332: 5327: 5308: 5302: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5256: 5246: 5221: 5214: 5195: 5189: 5181: 5176: 5168: 5163: 5155: 5150: 5138:. Retrieved 5124: 5104: 5084: 5066: 5055:. Retrieved 5028: 5018: 5003: 4978:. Retrieved 4974:the original 4969: 4959: 4933: 4920: 4911: 4905:. Retrieved 4891: 4883: 4878: 4862: 4854: 4846: 4841: 4823: 4816:John Bostock 4811: 4806: 4790: 4785: 4773:. Retrieved 4769:the original 4764: 4755: 4743:. Retrieved 4734: 4725: 4705: 4694:. Retrieved 4692:. 2008-04-21 4689: 4680: 4669:. Retrieved 4660: 4651: 4643: 4638: 4627:the original 4622: 4610: 4594: 4589: 4573: 4565: 4557: 4522:. Retrieved 4513: 4503: 4492:. Retrieved 4478: 4470: 4448: 4442: 4418: 4412: 4400: 4381: 4371: 4356: 4267: 4239: 4231: 4192: 4184: 4161: 4140: 4125: 4105:personalized 4093: 4085:photoetching 4077:fold-forming 4066: 4035: 4011:Georg Jensen 4008: 3933: 3904: 3888: 3876: 3874: 3852: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3821: 3799: 3796: 3782: 3781: 3678: 3651: 3643:Oasisamerica 3628: 3608: 3592: 3543: 3508: 3372: 3358: 3348: 3338: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3268: 3247: 3225: 3135: 3115: 3092: 3067: 3054:Naum Slutzky 3037: 2990: 2916:René Lalique 2911: 2893: 2861:Georg Jensen 2845:René Lalique 2843: 2835: 2812: 2784:René Lalique 2768: 2759:Fabergé eggs 2740: 2705: 2670: 2644: 2640: 2606: 2600: 2596:Hope Diamond 2565:lapis lazuli 2533:Commonwealth 2517: 2471:tree of life 2390: 2364: 2308:signet rings 2300:Merovingians 2293: 2188:; 41–54 AD; 2159:engraved gem 2152: 2106: 2090: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1883: 1856: 1844: 1828: 1796: 1749:Sulaymaniyah 1725:lapis lazuli 1681: 1661: 1645:lapis lazuli 1630: 1590: 1575: 1571:Varna Museum 1531: 1523: 1514: 1511: 1499:silversmiths 1494: 1483:North Africa 1473: 1451: 1424:lapis lazuli 1322: 1318:Lapis lazuli 1311: 1287: 1169:lapis lazuli 1149: 1095: 1078:Homo sapiens 1077: 1075: 1066: 1045: 1033: 1017: 1010: 1001: 974: 950: 946: 922: 918: 869: 828: 741: 733:Maximilian I 726: 716:(621.35 g). 708:contain the 703: 691:Sierra Leone 662: 652: 587:Silversmiths 585: 535: 527:Assay office 523:polymer clay 492: 461: 445:René Lalique 421:Throne Verse 398: 373: 362: 351: 348:superstition 325:wedding ring 311: 273:objets d'art 271: 267: 263: 251: 247: 219: 211: 202:, which was 199: 195: 193: 144: 136: 130: 81: 77: 76: 25: 11921:Pietra dura 11884:Micromosaic 11817:Doll making 11771:Silversmith 11688:Cameo glass 11645:Earthenware 11617:Woodturning 11529:Pop-up book 11514:Papermaking 11401:Calligraphy 11396:Bookbinding 11326:Rug hooking 11296:Needlepoint 11276:Lace-making 11241:Canvas work 11002:Semi-formal 10968:Dress codes 10858:Boutonnière 10840:Accessories 10719:Swim diaper 10714:Swim briefs 10679:Boardshorts 10599:Windbreaker 10360:Suit jacket 10355:Mess jacket 10249:Guards Coat 10168:See-through 9932:Romper suit 9306:Neck gaiter 9301:Neckerchief 9148:Terminology 8886:unchambered 8881:Long barrow 8871:Grave goods 8827:Court cairn 8822:Clava cairn 8774:Bowl barrow 8712:Rock cupule 8655:Golden hats 8648:Hill figure 8549:Unstan ware 8529:Cord-marked 8394:Sweet Track 8316:Burnt mound 8237:Stilt house 8225:Sibudu Cave 8018:Tally stick 7986:Quern-stone 7971:Hammerstone 7961:Fire plough 7932:Pesse canoe 7890:Bannerstone 7860:Other tools 7773:Lithic core 7721:Aurignacian 7609:Bare Island 7491:Quern-stone 7149:Art jewelry 6973:Tiger's eye 6878:Labradorite 6828:Chrysocolla 6823:Chrysoberyl 6739:Mokume-gane 6716:Base metals 6488:centrifugal 6457:Silversmith 6332:Ferronnière 6282:Belt buckle 6277:Belly chain 5493:Art Nouveau 5418:p. 77. 4745:21 December 4646:, XXXVI, 15 4280:Art jewelry 4227:Sara people 4096:3D printing 4069:Mokume-gane 4046:bling-bling 3977: 1850 3942:Los Angeles 3915:New Zealand 3855:New Zealand 3708:Gold Museum 3596:The Emperor 3559:cold worked 3527:hot working 3523:Mesoamerica 3460: 1600 3425: 1600 3398:Los Angeles 3242:Los Angeles 3014: 1902 3007:Art Nouveau 2949:, Portugal) 2931:chrysoprase 2923: 1897 2896:World War I 2894:The end of 2875:designs of 2849:Samuel Bing 2815:Art Nouveau 2809:, Portugal) 2791: 1898 2774:Art Nouveau 2677:archaeology 2673:Romanticism 2651:Romanticism 2557:chrysoberyl 2531:during the 2520:Renaissance 2495:Renaissance 2395:Guadalajara 2341:Ship burial 2338:Anglo-Saxon 2316:Tara Brooch 2254:Middle Ages 2214:Los Angeles 2165:times when 2047:Bulla with 1959:and banded 1884:Bee Pendant 1785:(Greece)); 1673:granulation 1633:Mesopotamia 1611:Mesopotamia 1580:, near the 1538:as well as 1353:Tutankhamun 1307:grave goods 1235:); bronze; 1096:Later, the 1082:Neanderthal 1029:bling-bling 891:rose quartz 687:Ivory Coast 665:. In 2005, 613:, cutting, 577:renaissance 474:. Platinum 452: 1902 441:Art Nouveau 425:Islamic art 399:Wearing of 358:slave beads 182:, and even 11971:Categories 11956:Wall decal 11879:Miniatures 11797:Assemblage 11665:Terracotta 11640:Bone china 11519:Paper toys 11485:Papercraft 11411:Cast paper 11406:Cardmaking 11353:String art 11343:Shoemaking 11331:Rug making 11301:Needlework 11256:Embroidery 11246:Crocheting 11207:handicraft 10943:Suspenders 10938:Sunglasses 10873:Cummerbund 10863:Coin purse 10767:Flip-flops 10762:Dress shoe 10757:Dress boot 10752:Court shoe 10699:Rash guard 10646:Nightshirt 10520:Harrington 10478:pellegrina 10338:Frock coat 10331:Suit coats 10320:Mackintosh 10261:Over-frock 10120:Underpants 10069:Undershirt 9942:Shirtdress 9783:boilersuit 9680:diplomatic 9642:Yoga pants 9632:Sweatpants 9545:High water 9540:Go-to-hell 9433:sleeveless 9386:halterneck 9376:cache-cœur 9296:Lavallière 9143:Technology 9025:trepanning 8918:Ring cairn 8876:Jar burial 8859:transepted 8791:U.S. sites 8692:Petroglyph 8618:Bird stone 8576:wine press 8249:Stone roof 8232:Roundhouse 8124:long house 8101:Stonehenge 8069:Ceremonial 8013:Stone tool 7840:Tool stone 7810:Metallurgy 7714:Mousterian 7691:Toolmaking 7629:Cumberland 7602:Transverse 7572:Schöningen 7464:Qesem cave 7432:Earth oven 7386:Irrigation 7297:Technology 7265:Prehistory 6983:Tourmaline 6928:Prasiolite 6803:Aventurine 6674:Crown gold 6576:Draw plate 6525:Metal clay 6462:Watchmaker 6452:Lapidarist 6437:Clockmaker 6312:Collar pin 6307:Chatelaine 6209:0714120340 6194:0313294976 6156:0486261220 6145:0810929937 5999:2006-09-25 5972:Metalsmith 5929:1869535359 5898:22 January 5592:2022-05-21 5551:0810938863 5525:2023-11-19 5501:1577150740 5469:Nabu Press 5451:Metalsmith 5416:0810937751 5182:Daily Life 5171:, 295–297. 5169:Daily Life 5158:, 155–157. 5156:Daily Life 5140:8 December 5057:2023-12-08 5012:0864380070 4980:2012-10-05 4907:2015-05-10 4884:Metalsmith 4799:0801967732 4696:2024-01-22 4671:2007-08-07 4603:1880140292 4582:1862045720 4524:2017-11-10 4494:2017-11-10 4348:References 4219:Lip plates 4163:Freemasons 4101:prototypes 4027:moissanite 3883:greenstone 3881:and other 3530:metallurgy 3321:, for the 3099:kingfisher 2935:chalcedony 2865:Silverware 2827:Modernisme 2825:, Catalan 2819:Jugendstil 2728:Cartier SA 2645:joailliers 2641:bijoutiers 2629:fish scale 2615:, diamond 2574:, Red Sea 2423:Sutton Hoo 2345:Sutton Hoo 2290:, Germany) 2282:workshop; 2121:Sri Lankan 1864:polychrome 1852:Bronze Age 1783:Karpenissi 1605:Solnitsata 1597:Pazardzhik 1593:Durankulak 1532:Tamazight) 1481:region in 1325:Phoenician 1233:Bronze Age 1217:Naqada III 1187:cultures; 1185:Naqada III 1173:travertine 1100:had crude 1072:Prehistory 921:, meaning 699:insurgency 595:lapidaries 591:goldsmiths 569:seed beads 517:; natural 268:joaillerie 262:. However 248:jewellery. 208:Old French 204:anglicised 92:, such as 11977:Jewellery 11951:Taxidermy 11941:Scrimshaw 11916:Pargeting 11842:Grotesque 11822:Dollhouse 11766:Goldsmith 11761:Jewellery 11751:Engraving 11708:Glassware 11693:Chip work 11660:Stoneware 11650:Porcelain 11602:Marquetry 11577:Carpentry 11572:Cabinetry 11549:Wallpaper 11475:Embossing 11468:Moneygami 11421:Decoupage 11306:Patchwork 11291:Millinery 11012:black tie 10995:white tie 10903:Jewellery 10820:Pantyhose 10694:One-piece 10641:Nightgown 10613:Nightwear 10451:Inverness 10446:ferraiolo 10271:shadbelly 10239:Greatcoat 10206:Overcoats 10193:outerwear 10039:Underwear 9994:Miniskirt 9979:Ballerina 9896:Strapless 9874:debutante 9869:ball gown 9847:Coatdress 9788:cleanroom 9746:Religious 9741:Political 9637:Windpants 9575:Parachute 9492:Waistcoat 9470:polo neck 9069:symbolism 8933:Tor cairn 8891:Grønsalen 8832:Cremation 8724:Sculpture 8702:Pictogram 8687:Petroform 8507:amber use 8475:Cosmetics 8285:Reservoir 8270:Check dam 8200:Pueblitos 8195:Pit-house 8178:Longhouse 8112:Dwellings 7981:Microlith 7912:Bow drill 7907:Bone tool 7900:prismatic 7709:Acheulean 7624:Cresswell 7597:Arrowhead 7523:Boomerang 7439:Granaries 7401:Terracing 7280:Stone Age 7129:Toadstone 7066:Operculum 6993:Variscite 6988:Turquoise 6968:Tanzanite 6903:Moonstone 6898:Marcasite 6893:Malachite 6818:Carnelian 6793:Amazonite 6780:gemstones 6754:Pinchbeck 6699:Argentium 6689:Shibuichi 6630:Palladium 6609:Materials 6545:Soldering 6535:Polishing 6510:Engraving 6505:Enameling 6471:Processes 6442:Goldsmith 6377:Tie chain 6352:Neck ring 6342:Lapel pin 6251:Jewellery 5877:Dubin, 17 5625:"Bangles" 5047:1015-7344 4196:women in 4109:polyamide 3878:hei matau 3850:Pacific. 3843:Australia 3806:quillwork 3728:malachite 3680:spondylus 3663:El Dorado 3656:when the 3639:soapstone 3604:turquoise 3568:sintering 3563:Old World 3544:With the 3535:Tarascans 3517:: in the 3437:Cleveland 3373:streedhan 3340:Navaratna 3303:Maharajas 3234:Rudraksha 3162:Cleveland 3131:phoenixes 2971:amethysts 2939:moonstone 2885:dragonfly 2831:Sezession 2743:Pforzheim 2736:patronage 2665:Cleveland 2572:turquoise 2545:amazonite 2475:cloisonné 2455:Cleveland 2356:cloisonné 2272:amethysts 2268:sapphires 2246:Agrigento 2124:sapphires 2061:Baltimore 2017:carnelian 1969:Cleveland 1953:cornelian 1941:moonstone 1898:, Greece) 1896:Heraklion 1800:amethysts 1669:engraving 1665:cloisonné 1621:carnelian 1584:coast in 1582:Black Sea 1459:in silver 1428:turquoise 1420:carnelian 1384:Cleveland 1371:Pendant; 1294:Egyptians 1257:carnelian 1205:carnelian 1181:Naqada II 1177:alabaster 1122:Star Carr 1106:bracelets 1102:necklaces 1080:) but by 1021:piercings 938:Turquoise 823:Turquoise 739:in 1477. 667:Australia 619:adhesives 607:soldering 553:bracelets 549:necklaces 464:gemstones 376:Christian 298:guilloché 294:sapphires 206:from the 196:jewellery 194:The word 190:Etymology 180:toe rings 147:Gemstones 138:Nassarius 126:gemstones 122:ornaments 118:cufflinks 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