250:(Islamic Union); in real life this organization is credited as the first native grassroots organization in the Indies. Minke's writings, which are critical of the Dutch authorities, and his poor grades lead to his expulsion from the medical school. He then realizes that his passion does not lie in medicine, and becomes a journalist. He founds first a magazine and then the first newspaper to be owned and operated by natives. As writer and editor, he tries to instill political and social knowledge to his fellow Indies subjects. He also meets and marries an exiled princess, whom he loves and finds happiness with. Later he also met an Indo man named Jacques Pangemanann who asked Minke to publish his script titled 'Njai Dasima'.
231:, a school for native doctors, the only avenue for higher education available to the natives in the Dutch East Indies. He continues to encounter racist colonial policies; for example, he is not allowed to wear European dress, but instead must wear indigenous dress. While studying there he meets Mei, a Chinese activist who is working on forming an organization for the
38:
287:. Given the lack of materials, he based the details of the Dutch Indies at the turn of 20th century on the memory of his historical research during the 1960s. Later he was allowed to write, and composed the tetralogy in writing. Prior to the release of the book he also published a non-fiction account of Tirto Adhi Soerjo, on which the protagonist Minke was based.
330:
noted the book's contrast of Minke's "dream of a united, multiethnic", independent
Indonesia against the "harsh realities of colonial occupation". The book also highlights the oppression and "brutal subjugation" of the Indies' native subjects by the Dutch authorities and their native collaborators.
344:
criticised the book for its "clumsy mix" of "political reportage and personal details", and "obtrusive" political agenda. Publishers Weekly said that the book was a "vibrant portrait" of
Indonesia's development of nationhood, "rich in human drama and history", and praised the English translator
324:, the book demonstrates a "strong commitment to broad humanistic ideals". The book contrasts Minke's attraction towards modern technology and notions of freedom brought by the Europeans with the alienation they brought to the subjugated Indies subjects. A review by
339:
Coppola praised
Pramoedya's storytelling abilities and how the story makes the reader eagerly wait for the next installment. He also noted the book's "tenor of political tract" because it discusses the author's ideals "too lengthily" throughout.
187:, an Indonesian nobleman and pioneering journalist. This installment covers the life of Minke – the first-person narrator and protagonist, based on Tirto Adhi Soerjo – after his move from
223:(today Indonesia). The protagonist, also the narrator, is Minke (a fictionalization of Tirto). Minke leaves Surabaya, where he studied in a prestigious high school, to go Betawi (or
257:, the newspaper is banned and Minke is arrested for accusation of tax evasion. The novel ends as he is led into exile outside Java and is forced to leave his wife.
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After Mei's death, Minke continues to be drawn to politics and forms a grassroots political organization for the Indies natives. The organization is called
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215:(1880–1918). This novel – the third installment of the tetralogy – covers the period 1901 to 1912 and is set on the island of
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After his young colleagues at the newspaper publish a highly critical editorial against the
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for fourteen years, accused of sympathizing with communists and of being involved in the
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199:. The original Indonesian edition was published in 1985 and an English translation by
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723:"Novel, nation, and representation: Representing the native in the Dutch East Indies"
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227:), the capital of Dutch East Indies, to continue his education. There he attends the
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Janus at the
Millennium: Perspectives on Time in the Culture of the Netherlands
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604:
Coppola, Carlo (1996). "Review: Footsteps by
Pramoedya Ananta Toer; Max Lane".
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and one of the country's first journalists. According to Carlo
Coppola of the
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The novel, like the tetralogy, is based on the life of
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as oral narration to other prisoners, while he was a political prisoner in
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Lane's introduction as being helpful for new readers on the topic.
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For some time, the tetralogy was banned in
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It also shows Minke's maturation through two marriages.
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183:. The tetralogy fictionalizes the life of
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279:. He was imprisoned without trial by the
290:The book was published in Indonesian as
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517:Rothschild, Matthew (12 April 1999).
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698:. In Pramoedya Ananta Toer (ed.).
675:. In Pramoedya Ananta Toer (ed.).
306:The protagonist Minke is based on
235:. They marry but she soon dies of
25:
775:
519:"Pramoedya Ananta Toer Interview"
679:. Penguin Books. pp. 9–14.
754:Novels by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
729:. University Press of America.
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265:Like the previous books of the
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27:Novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
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1:
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312:Indonesian National Awakening
310:(1880–1918), a figure of the
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702:. Penguin Books. pp.
658:by Pramoedya Ananta Toer"
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179:by the Indonesian author
141:Published in English
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318:, reviewing the book in
759:Novels set in Indonesia
721:Spars, Brandon (2004).
203:was published in 1990.
616:University of Oklahoma
607:World Literature Today
413:Publishers Weekly 1994
350:Suharto administration
321:World Literature Today
281:Suharto administration
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233:Chinese in the Indies
181:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
52:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
464:, p. 148 and note 4.
244:Sarekat Dagang Islam
450:Kirkus Reviews 1994
58:Original title
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694:Lane, Max (1992).
671:Lane, Max (1990).
316:Oakland University
271:, Pramoedya began
102:Historical fiction
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736:978-0-7618-2832-7
645:Publishers Weekly
327:Publishers Weekly
308:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
285:1965 coup attempt
221:Dutch East Indies
213:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
197:Dutch East Indies
195:, the capital of
185:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
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132:Publication place
116:Dutch East Indies
16:(Redirected from
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618:: 239–440.
261:Development
108:Set in
748:Categories
686:0140256342
560:Spars 2004
462:Spars 2004
356:References
158:Indonesian
81:Indonesian
70:Translator
31:Footsteps
677:Footsteps
656:Footsteps
572:Lane 1990
548:Lane 1990
505:Lane 1990
486:Lane 1992
474:Lane 1992
425:Lane 1990
335:Reception
298:in 1990.
273:Footsteps
177:tetralogy
153:Footsteps
135:Indonesia
632:40152025
530:24 April
361:Citation
296:Max Lane
207:Synopsis
201:Max Lane
189:Surabaya
78:Language
73:Max Lane
704:ix–xiii
237:malaria
225:Batavia
193:Batavia
170:in the
112:Batavia
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710:
683:
630:
302:Themes
229:STOVIA
86:Series
48:Author
628:JSTOR
614:(1).
168:novel
98:Genre
731:ISBN
708:ISBN
681:ISBN
532:2017
277:Buru
217:Java
145:1990
127:1985
620:doi
191:to
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612:70
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