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more than three thousand trees, as they were not in position to settle on the island and were afraid that the
Makassar might return after their departure. They returned after several years and raised a fortress armed with four cannon and staffed by 24 soldiers in 1658 at the southern coast of Kayeli Bay, in the eastern part of Buru. A permanent settlement was established at the fortress, which became the administrative center of the island. About 2,000 native inhabitants of the island were forcibly relocated to this area from other parts of the island, including much of the tribal nobility, and about thirteen large villages were built around the fort: Lumaite, Hukumina, Palamata, Tomahu, Masarete, Waisama, Marulat, Leliali, Tagalisa, Ilat, Kayeli, Bara and Lisela. The relocation was designed to facilitate control over the local population and provide a workforce for
1697:, in the forests, mostly during the peak of east monsoon (June and July); meanwhile women were gathering wild vegetables. However, during the west monsoon (November to April) both men and women were working together in the fields. The position of the villages was also changing with time, mostly because of the low soil fertility on the island – recovery of the soil took significant time urging long-distance travel to the new fields. It was rather common for a family to leave the village for most of the week to their field and return only for the religious service on Sunday. It was also rather common to move the entire village after some 20 years of exploiting a plot of land. Partly because of this, most settlements were rather small, with the smallest type accommodating one-two families (
632:, wet, and in general typical for the Maluku Islands. The rainy season extends from October to April with the highest rainfall in December–February. Despite the relatively small size of the island, its mountainous terrain results in several climatic zones. Apart from temperature reduction with altitude, the temperature variations across these zones are negligible, with the annual average of about 26 °C, However the annual precipitation differs and amounts to 1,400–1,800 mm in the north, 1,800–2,000 mm in the center, 2,000–2,500 mm in the south and 3,000–4,000 mm in the mountains, at elevation above 500 m.
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36:
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1383:, RMS) and committed to maintain close political ties with the Netherlands. After unsuccessful attempts to absorb the RMS through negotiations, the Republic of Indonesia initiated a six-month military conflict in July 1950. In December 1950, Buru was brought under the control of Indonesian troops and proclaimed part of the Republic of Indonesia.
1652:, 282 km with gravel and the rest were laid in soil. The construction project of a modern, 287-kilometre-long (178 mi) highway across the island, connecting its two major towns of Namlea and Namrole and several other towns is delayed due to underfunding. There is a regular long-distance bus service supported by a park of 18 units.
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to the habits of relocation and partly due to local disputes or superstitions, such as cursing a place where a certain number of people died within a short period. Presence of a church in a village might hinder relocation for a century, but not always. Traditional Buru costumes are similar those of most other
Indonesia peoples. Men wear
1566:. Most rice fields are located on the northern coasts of the island, in the districts of Namlea, Waeapo and Air Buaya. With the total area of 135 hectares, maize dominates the southern field of districts Waisama, Kepalamadan and Namrole, yielding 176 tonnes per year (as of 2008). Other crops of the southern part are
1737:
The unique flora, fauna and tropical forest ecosystem of the island are systematically researched by both
Indonesian and foreign scientific bodies. The original vegetation on the coastal plain has been cleared, and much of the mountain forest on the northern side of the island has been cut and burned
1616:
The industry employs only about 2,700 islanders and contributes about 7% to the GDP. Among the 537 enterprises registered in 2008, 482 were engaged in processing of agricultural products and 44 in engineering, chemicals and repair. In
January 2010, the Ministry of Industry of Indonesia has approved a
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island southeast of Buru (and other small islets). Its governing structure had not been completed as of
February 2010, and the current acting Regent was then A. R. Uluputti. The regency is divided into 6 districts: Namrole (centre – Elfule), Kepala Madan (centre – Biloro), Leksula (centre – Leksula),
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species by having relatively long and thick body-hair. It also has very low fat content in their meat (only 1.27% compared to 5–15% for domestic pigs) and is regarded as a delicacy among the local population, which favours it to other wild pigs or deer in terms of texture and flavour. Also endemic to
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Traditional Buru houses were made from bamboo, often on stilts. The roofs were covered with palm leaves or reeds. Cement, metal and tiles were introduced in the 20th century and urged to build more permanent dwelling, but with limited results, as the locals continued to relocate. This was partly due
1296:
The presence among the ancestors of the tribal aristocracy and interaction with the Dutch colonial administration resulted in a special position for the Kayeli over the next centuries, who claimed the role of indigenous elite of the island. In particularly, they requested donations from each clan of
1051:
Primary forests constitute 60% of the island, and are mostly found in the areas of Air Buaya and Waeapo. There is only 0.51% of secondary forests, in the district
Batabual, and 0.9% of mangroves, at Waeapo, Air Buaya, Batabual and Namlea. A significant part of the island (23.10%) is taken by shrubs,
571:
is the longest river of Buru. It flows nearly straight to the north-east and empties into Kayeli Bay; however, its bed is very winding for hundreds of meters, with loops all along its length. Two other permanent rivers are Geren and Nibe; the rest are intermittent rivers with discontinuous flow. The
559:
The island is mostly mountainous, especially in the central and western parts. Of the 9,505 km of the island area, 1,789 km lie 900 m above mean sea level, 872 km above 1,200 m and 382 km above 1,500 m. Flat areas are located in narrow strips near the coast and along the banks of
508:
Buru is shaped like an oval, elongated from west to east. The maximum length is about 130 km (81 mi) from east to west and 90 km (56 mi) from north to south. The coastline is smooth, with the only major indentation being Kayeli Bay located on the eastern coast. The bay also has a
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for control over production and trade in spices in the east of the Malay archipelago resulted in military conflict. In 1648, a Dutch expedition to Buru expelled the
Makassar from the island and destroyed their buildings and boats; instead of re-using the existing clove plantations, the Dutch burned
1192:
Religious composition of the population is heterogeneous: the number of islanders practising Sunni Islam (90%) and
Christianity (10%) and the rest – mainly residents of remote mountain areas – still follow traditional local cults or do not have a clear religious affiliation. . The economical crisis
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Economic development of the island was depressed in the late 1990s as a result of the national and regional crisis. The growth resumed in the early 2000s, however, unemployment remains high (9.92% of the population in 2008), and more than 37% of islanders are living below the national poverty line
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As of the 2010 Census, the population of the islands administered as Buru was 161,828 people; at the 2020 Census this had risen to 210,648 with about 64.2% in the northern regency and 35.8% in the southern; the official population estimate at-mid 2022 was 215,277. The southern regency included the
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Buru
Regency has an area of 7,595.58 km and the administrative center at Namlea. It is divided into 10 districts: Namlea (center in Namlea), Waeapo (center – Waenetat), Waplau (center – Waplau), Batubual (center – Ilath), Teluk Kaiely (centre – Kaiely), Waelata (centre – Basakak), Lolong Guba
1311:
The demise of Kayeli dominance began in the 1880s, when the leaders of
Leliali, Wae Sama and Fogi clans moved significant parts of their ethnic groups to their original settlements; they were joined in the early 1900s by Tagalisa. By then, many other of the original 13 Kayeli villages were either
1660:
As of 2007, the medical system of the island was in a poor state due to underfunding and lack of qualified medical personnel. There were 2 hospitals and 16 clinics, 5 of which were first-aid clinics and 11 were serving non-emergency patients who could arrive there on their own. The medical staff
1629:
Buru is linked with other parts of Indonesia via sea routes and has two main ports in Namlea and Namrole. With 866 registered cargo and passenger vessels, the average transport rate in 2008 was 400 tonnes per day. Speedboats "Bahari Express" run daily between Namlea and the capital of Maluku
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is used among the communities and by the administration. Most of the island is covered with forests rich in tropical flora and fauna. From the present 179 bird and 25 mammal species, about 14 are found either on Buru only or also on a few nearby islands, the most notable being the wild pig
2128:"Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia (UU) Nomor 46 tahun 1999 (46/1999) tentang Pembentukan Propinsi Maluku Utara, Kabupaten Buru, dan Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat (Indonesian law No. 46 1999 on establishing the province of Northern Maluku, Buru Regency and Western Maluku Regency)"
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zones of Australia and Asia, its flora and fauna are unique and are the subject of national and international scientific research. Of 25 species of mammals found on the island, at least four are endemic to Buru and closest to it islands. The local species of the wild pig named
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Apart from agriculture and engineering, other significant economic areas are trade, hotel industry and catering (19.19% of GDP in 2008), custom services (12.74%), transport and communication (3.10%), construction (3.13%), financial sector (2.64%) and energy and water (0.49%).
1605:(3,699), chickens (more than 1,346,000), ducks (195,000), sheep (26,950), domestic pigs (1,276) and horses (497). In 2008, there were 410 fishing enterprises with the annual catch of 3,891 tonnes of fish and seafood. The major commercial species are tuna (900 tonnes),
1370:
In April 1950, just before the abolition of RIS and inclusion of most of eastern Indonesia to the Republic of Indonesia, the local authorities of Buru, Ambon, Seram and several smaller nearby islands proclaimed the establishment of an independent
591:
sedimentary rocks, probably originating from the Australian continent; Also present are younger volcanic rocks and more recent alluvial deposits. Sedimentary deposits in the form of silt, peat, sand and mud are mostly found in the river valleys.
1408:
and other left-wing representatives, as well as dissident intellectuals. Most camps were closed on Buru in 1980. More than 12,000 people had served a prison sentence in those camps by then, and at least several hundred had died or been killed.
1561:
The basis of the island's economy is agriculture which contributed 51.22% to the GDP in 2008. The major crop is rice with plantations taking an area of more than 5,700 hectares and yielding about 23,000 tonnes per the year (for 2008) in just
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smooth, oval shape. It extends into the island to 8–12 km and has a maximum width of 17 km; the width decreases to 9 km at the mouth; the coastal length of the bay is about 50 km. At the northern part of the mouth stands
1153:(800); migrants from Java, and migrants from other Maluku Islands. The migration to Buru was stimulated by the Dutch colonial administration in the 1900s, and by Indonesian authorities in the 1950s–1990s. The local communities speak
1741:
Most of the published studies on the history, culture and languages of the island were conducted in the 1980s out by spouses Charles E. Grimes and Barbara Dix Grimes – Australian missionaries and ethnographers and active members of
576:(meaning river) before the river names; thus Apo is often referred to as Waeapo or Wae Apo, or Apu in some local dialects. In the center of the island, at an altitude of 767 metres (2,516 ft), lies freshwater Lake Rana (
1738:
out for timber and creating new farming fields, but two large areas of stable rain forest still exist in the mountains. These are currently protected areas, Gunung Kapalat Mada (1,380 km) and Waeapo (50 km).
1304:. In 1824, as part of the reform of the colonial administration, Buru was divided into 14 regencies (this number was gradually reduced to seven over the next 100 years). They were headed by the local rulers,
1391:
Between 1950 and 1965, the policy of the new government was aimed at rapid social, political and economic integration of Buru into Indonesia. In the 1960s and 1970s, during the military regime of General
1324:, including Buru, were occupied by the Japanese army. During this period, the island was raided by the bombers of the Allies aiming to incapacitate the Japanese military infrastructure, in particular the
2107:
Proceedings of the Mini Workshop Southeast Asia Germany Alumni Network (SEAG) "Empowering of Society through the Animal Health and Production Activities with the Appreciation to the Indigenous Knowledge"
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of the 1990s resulted in frequent conflicts among Buru people over religious grounds. So within a few days in December 1999, 43 people were killed and at least 150 houses burned in the Wainibe village.
1689:
Whereas local people traditionally occupied villages, variation of their seasonal activities – predominantly hunting and farming – tended to either disperse or gather them. Men hunted the wild pig
2044:
1351:) which was established by the Dutch government to gradually transform their former colonial possessions in the East Indies into a dependent state. In December 1949, eastern Indonesia joined the
612:
is mined commercially. However, significant reserves of oil and gas were discovered in the shelf in 2009. There are numerous coral reefs around the island. The soil mostly consists of yellow-red
584:). This is the only significant lake on Buru; it has a nearly rectangular shape with the length of about 4.3 km, width of about 2.7 km and an area of 11.5 km (4.4 sq mi)
2145:"Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2008 tentang Pembentukan Pembentukan Kabupaten Buru Selatan di Provinsi Maluku (Indonesian law No. 32 2008 on establishing South Buru Regency)"
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placed above the heads of the local clans. The island was occupied by the Japanese forces between 1942 and 1945 and in 1950 became part of independent Indonesia. During former president
1746:(they should not be confused with Joseph E. Grimes and Barbara F. Grimes, Charles' parents, also known Australian ethnographers). They have also completed translation of the Bible to
1435:
from Java arrived at Buru. These transmigrants, along with the political prisoners, established thousands of hectares of rice fields on the island and built irrigation systems in the
1637:
By agreement between the administration of Buru district and local military authorities, the military airfield at Namlea (runway 750 meters) is used for air transportation. Aircraft
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442:
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1729:) and a long-skirted tunic, and women are dressed in sarong and a shorter jacket. However, the dress color systematically varies between the different tribes of the island.
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After the capitulation of Japan on 2 September 1945, control over the island fell back to the Netherlands. In December 1946, Buru, along with the other Maluku Islands,
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island and by the Portuguese; both claims were, however, symbolic, as neither party controlled the island, but only visited it on trade matters. More active were
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to the southeast of Buru. In the early 2020s, most of the population was concentrated in the coastal areas, and comprised the following major groups: indigenous
2172:
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In absence of railways, most local transportation occurs via the roads. In 2008, their total length was 1,310 km, of which 278 km was covered with
1308:, who were subordinate to the Dutch advisors. All rajas were selected from the Kayeli tribal nobles, who had by this time proved their loyalty to the Dutch.
1428:. Until 1975, Toer was deprived of writing tools. He committed his novels to memory and was reciting them to his cellmates, partly relying on their memory.
1300:
The Dutch East India Company was abolished in the early 19th century, and all its possessions in the Malay archipelago came under the direct control of the
1124:
Fena Fafan (centre – Waekatin), Waesama (centre – Wamsisi), and Ambalau (centre – Siwar); the last district is entirely located on the island of Ambalau.
2048:
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1590:(947 ha, 881 tonnes) and coffee (114 acres (46 ha), 1223 tonnes) are grown in the Namlea, Air Buaya, Waeapo, Batubual and Waplau areas, whereas
1000:
1222:, dating back to 1365. The island appears in the third line of 15th song in the list of lands subordinate to Majapahit under the name Hutan Kadali.
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Buru, which could be rice, millet, coconuts, sago, sweet potatoes and tobacco, as well as supplying men to work exclusively for the Kayeli rajas.
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520:(also called Kepala Madan, Kepalat Mada or Ghegan). Off the coast of Buru there are several smaller islands; those permanently inhabited are
2404:
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as a second language and is a simplified form of Indonesian language with additions of the local lexicon. Some local dialects, such as the
1108:(centre – Kubalahin), Lilialy (centre – Sawa), Air Buaya (center – Air Buaya) and Fena Leisela (center – Wamlana). The governor (Regent or
411:
administration in the 1960s–1970s, Buru was the site of a prison used to hold thousands of political prisoners. While held at Buru, writer
2834:
2422:
1601:
Animal farming is of secondary importance, but its role is gradually increasing. The major animals are cows (41,349 animals as of 2008),
1364:
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1935:
1916:
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355:, with some remnants of traditional beliefs. While local languages and dialects are spoken within individual communities, the national
785:). Among those, the rufous-throated white-eye is regarded as endangered and the black-lored parrot and vulnerable (threatened) by the
2517:
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plan to build major cement plants on the island. The expansion of tourism is hindered by the lack of infrastructure on the island.
789:; both species were observed only in very limited areas of Buru island. There are another 19 birds that are near-endemic to Buru:
3440:
3006:
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river discharge varies significantly through the year, reaching a maximum in the rainy season. Indonesian sources often include
3465:
3435:
2794:
1416:, who spent 14 years (1965–1979) in prison, mostly on Buru, and wrote there many of his novels. Those included a large part of
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The vegetation is characteristic of tropical lowland evergreen and semi-evergreen rain forests, with the dominant family of
1717:). This local variety of terms for a "settlement" puzzled the Dutch colonizers trying to systematise the local registries.
2250:
1898:
2749:
2471:Нагаракертагама как источник по истории раннего Маджапахита (1293—1365) (Nagarakertagama as a source on early Majapahit)
395:. The Dutch administration relocated many local villages to the newly built island capital at Kayeli Bay for working at
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2707:
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2449:"Suharto's Gulag/The Buru Island 'Humanitarian Project' : Former Prisoners Look Back on a Remote Tropical Hell"
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1022:. Some of these trees may grow to more than 30 metres (98 ft) and are usually bound by thick lianas and other
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and 303 nurses. The authorities plan to increase the number of medical facilities and staff by 2–4 times by 2012.
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1709:) consisting of 3–10 houses and accommodating 20–50 people, and larger ones of 30–50 houses and 150–300 people (
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is used as a means of international communication and is also used for writing. Also common is Ambon dialect of
3430:
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make 96 passenger flights a year between Namlea and several towns of Maluku. In 2007, construction began of a
1439:
alluvial plain, significantly increasing local rice production and making it the largest rice producer in the
1312:
abandoned or had lost their rajas. By about 1910, the leading role of the Kayeli clan had almost disappeared.
493:). With an area of 9,505 km (3,670 sq mi), Buru is the third largest among the Maluku Islands (
2084:
608:
dominate the northern part of the island. Very few mineral deposits of Buru have industrial value, and only
3154:
2894:(in Indonesian). Official site of investment coordination of Maluku Province. 23 April 2009. Archived from
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2065:(in Indonesian). Official Site of investment coordination of Maluku Province. 23 April 2009. Archived from
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island, who had built fortifications on Buru and forced the natives to grow valuable spices, such as
790:
524:(the largest, about 10 km in diameter, located about 20 km south-east of Buru) and Tengah (
2634:
1404:), Buru became one of the main places of exile and imprisonment of political dissidents – primarily
3445:
1301:
1293:
was formed as a mixture of the newly arriving settlers and the native population of the fort area.
1277:
1044:
1026:. Open forest, woodland, and savanna areas also exist on Buru. The fire-resistant paper bark tree (
392:
388:
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364:. There is little industry on the island, and most population is engaged in growing rice, maize,
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plantations are found almost everywhere on Buru and complement the natural sources of timber.
2837:(in Indonesian). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung and Soegeng Sarjadi Syndicate. 2009. Archived from
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South Buru Regency (administrative center Namrole) has an area of 5,060 km and includes
946:
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plantations. It also promoted the hierarchy among the indigenous people with selected loyal
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2631:"The 1995 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts"
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The island was first mentioned around 1365. Between 1658 and 1942, it was colonised by the
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and nearby Maluku Islands. Religious affiliation is evenly split between Christianity and
8:
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river Apo. There they form a valley of the same name. Much of the island is covered with
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2347:"Mapping Buru: The Politics of Territory and Settlement on an Eastern Indonesian Island"
1713:). On the coast, there were several multi-ethnic settlements with more than 200 houses (
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2247:"Bengkalai Pasca Krisis Beberapa proyek infrastruktur terlantar. Selalu terhambat dana"
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1942:, Hokkaido Institute of Environmental Sciences and Japan Science and Technology Agency
1923:, Hokkaido Institute of Environmental Sciences and Japan Science and Technology Agency
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2516:(in Indonesian). Official site of Maluku Province. 20 September 2009. Archived from
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Sharing the Earth, Dividing the Land: Land and territory in the Austronesian world
2047:(in Indonesian). Official site of Maluku Province. 31 October 2009. Archived from
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1080:) and then became a separate regency of the same name. In 2008, it was split into
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1920:
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Of the 178 recorded species of birds, 10 are endemic to Buru and nearby islands:
688:
325:
2987:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 13 February 2010. Archived from
1827:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 29 November 2007. Archived from
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2948:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 26 January 2010. Archived from
2930:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 25 January 2010. Archived from
2912:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 25 January 2010. Archived from
2855:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 22 January 2010. Archived from
2814:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 21 January 2010. Archived from
2793:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 22 January 2010. Archived from
1999:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 27 January 2010. Archived from
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The highest point on the island (2,700 m (8,900 ft)) is the peak of
320:, respectively, have ports and are the largest towns of the island, served by
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3294:
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3005:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 26 March 2008. Archived from
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1747:
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fields which were being planted by the Dutch in this part of the island. The
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473:) to the south and west. To the east, it is separated by the Manipa Strait (
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2873:(in Indonesian). Pemerintah Kabupaten Buru. 23 January 2010. Archived from
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and only 5.83% is open land, which is spread over most districts of Buru.
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1116:, as of October 2009) is Husni Hentihu and Vice Regent is Ramli Umasugi.
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1032:) is common in dry areas. The northwestern part of the island has steep
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249:
3023:(in Indonesian). Indonesian Ministry of Transportation. 14 April 2010.
2206:(in Indonesian). Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Maluku. Archived from
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2425:(in Indonesian). Hamline University. 28 February 2000. Archived from
2407:(in Indonesian). Hamline University. 22 December 1999. Archived from
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609:
502:
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3037:(in Indonesian). Official site of Buru Regency. 2007. Archived from
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The crust consists of several types of deposits. It is dominated by
3100:
Grimes, Barbara Dix (1994). Buru inside out. In: Visser, L.E., ed.
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Peaklist.org. Listed as "Gunung Kapalatmada". Retrieved 2012-09-24.
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2171:(in Indonesian). Media Indonesia. 10 February 2010. Archived from
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1256:– a spice, which played a significant role in the history of Buru
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601:
510:
441:
434:
384:. Other significant activities are animal farming and fishing.
381:
313:
181:
2007:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1249:
3384:
3329:
3319:
3309:
3264:
3196:
1587:
1282:
1253:
1238:
1225:
In the 16th–17th centuries Buru was claimed by the rulers of
958:
597:
396:
377:
2964:"Wakil Menteri Perindustrian dukung pabrik semen di Maluku"
1865:
1726:
1595:
1305:
400:
348:
2189:(in Indonesian). DMS – Citra Keluarga Maluku. 20 May 2009.
1661:
consisted of 22 doctors (two with the medical degree), 65
1320:
From the spring of 1942 to the summer of 1945, the entire
44:
1189:, became extinct in the second half of the 20th century.
1060:
The island belongs to the Indonesian province of Maluku (
676:
449:
Buru island lies between two seas of the Pacific Ocean –
3134:
3081:"Chuck & Barbara Grimes, Wycliffe Bible Translators"
2633:. Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. 1995. Archived from
2358:. Comparative Austronesian Series. Canberra: ANU Press.
1412:
One of the prisoners was a prominent Indonesian writer,
2301:
B. D. Grimes in Thomas Edward Dutton, Darrell T. Tryon
2187:"Pilkada Buru Selatan Tunggu Pembentukan KPU Kabupaten"
2169:"Pilkada Buru Selatan Tunggu Pembentukan KPU Kabupaten"
2083:(in Indonesian). University Gadjah Mada. Archived from
2658:"Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Indonesia's greatest novelist"
2150:(in Indonesian). LL Sekretariat Negara. Archived from
1668:
331:
About a third of the population is indigenous, mostly
2569:. Association of Humanitarian Lawyers. Archived from
2303:
Language contact and change in the Austronesian world
2279:(in Indonesian). Nunusaku Consultancy. Archived from
2201:"Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kabupaten dan Jenis Kelamin"
1750:, which was started by the early Dutch missionaries.
1757:
1882:(in Indonesian). Burung Indonesia. 31 January 2010.
1643:
civil airport near the villages of Suva and Namrole
2691:
2675:Прамудья Ананта Тур (Pramudja Ananta Tur) (1986).
2567:"Republik Maluku: The Case for Self-determination"
2561:
2274:
1206:One of the first mentions of Buru occurred in the
2600:. Vol. 12. Moscow: Мысль. 1979. p. 359.
1634:(distance 160 km, travel time three hours).
3451:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
3397:
2698:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.
2249:(in Indonesian). TEMPOinteraktif. Archived from
1845:(in Indonesian). 26 January 2009. Archived from
2966:(in Indonesian). Finroll News. 19 January 2010.
2604:
2491:
1594:(143 ha, 75 tonnes) is restricted to Batubual.
655:As Buru is located at the boundary between the
2423:"KMP – Pertikaian di Buru Selatan, Tiga Tewas"
2019:. Vol. 4. Moscow. 1969–1978. p. 138.
787:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3155:
3135:Buru's official website (in Bahasa Indonesia)
2497:
2446:
1315:
1036:cliffs covered by mixed forests that include
532:). The largest uninhabited islands are Fogi (
347:. The rest of population are immigrants from
1794:
1792:
1790:
1685:Lisela men at a village, early 20th century.
1272:Remains of the Dutch fortress at Kayeli Bay.
117:12,655.58 km (4,886.35 sq mi)
3083:. Bethel Grove Bible Church. Archived from
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1843:"Pulau Buru 'Tempat Pembuangan' yang Indah"
3162:
3148:
2483:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2468:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2270:
2268:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2193:
2161:
2137:
2029:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1353:Republic of the United States of Indonesia
1055:
43:
34:
2886:
2884:
2668:
2363:
1860:"Mountains of the Indonesian Archipelago"
1787:
1677:Traditional Buru house of the early 1900s
1645:, about 30 km south-west of Namlea.
949:found on Buru are endemic to the island.
312:regencies. Their administrative centers,
276:) is the third largest island within the
2892:"Potensi Pertambangan Dan Energi Maluku"
2655:
2534:. Jack McKillop. 1955–59. Archived from
2464:
2462:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2179:
2063:"Potensi Pertambangan Dan Energi Maluku"
1945:
1680:
1672:
1267:
1259:
1248:
1165:in everyday life, however, the national
639:
440:
428:
424:
3104:. Leiden: KITLV Press. pp. 59–78.
2806:
2804:
2689:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2524:
2506:
2473:. Vol. 4. Moscow. pp. 24, 38.
2319:
2265:
2234:
2133:(in Indonesian). LL Sekretariat Negara.
2120:
1386:
1365:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
3398:
3013:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2956:
2881:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2391:"Kerusuhan Ambon Meluas ke Pulau Buru"
2344:
2037:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1339:, was included in a quasi-independent
3143:
3073:
2649:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2500:"Kitab Negara Kertagama (terjemahan)"
2459:
2433:
2382:
2231:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
2073:
2055:
1276:The rivalry between the Makassar and
1201:
3053:"Publications by Barbara Dix Grimes"
2995:
2845:
2801:
2618:
2415:
2397:
2109:: 3–5 May 2007, Manado – Indonesia,
1891:
1889:
1835:
1177:). The latter is widely used in the
415:wrote most of his novels, including
3067:"Publications by Charles E. Grimes"
3027:
2970:
2938:
2920:
2902:
2863:
2822:
2768:
2660:. Green Left Weekly. Archived from
2550:
2388:
2045:"Potensi Dan Indikasi Bahan Galian"
1974:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1669:Traditional occupations and culture
1431:During the late 1970s, a number of
13:
3169:
3094:
3059:
3045:
2677:Мир человеческий (World of humans)
2585:
2099:
1244:
1068:). Until 1999, it was part of the
668:) is distinguished from the other
635:
513:, the largest town of the island.
14:
3477:
3116:
2724:"Pulau Buru Tak Lagi Menyeramkan"
2683:
2598:Всемирная история (World History)
1926:
1907:
1886:
1624:
1048:is present at the mountain tops.
974:, and the individual species of
941:). Among butterflies, 25% of the
620:, Grumosol and various mixtures.
2756:(in Indonesian). 19 October 2013
1812:
1760:
1574:(926 hectares, 946 tonnes ) and
1367:of 23 August – 2 November 1949.
2742:
2716:
2679:. Moscow: Raduga. pp. 5–8.
2498:Made Yanuarta (16 March 2007).
2447:Thomas Fuller (15 March 2000).
2393:(in Indonesian). Sinar Harapan.
2295:
2225:
1422:, in particular its first part
300:islands. The island belongs to
3441:Landforms of Maluku (province)
1896:Hydro Potential at Buru Island
1880:"Gambaran Lokasi Program Buru"
1853:
1:
3466:Populated places in Indonesia
3436:Islands of the Maluku Islands
2694:A History of Modern Indonesia
2612:"Indonesian States 1946–1950"
2105:Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto
2081:"Iklim dan Topografi Wilayah"
1781:
1127:
3461:Islands of the Pacific Ocean
3416:Defunct prisons in Indonesia
2750:"Berawal dari Lembah Waeapo"
2345:Grimes, Barbara Dix (2006).
2277:"Tuhanmu Bukan Lagi Tuhanku"
1578:(965 hectares, 965 tonnes).
1570:(211 hectares, 636 tonnes),
7:
2791:"Perkembangan Perekonomian"
2352:. In Reuter, Thomas (ed.).
2275:Dr. Dieter Bartels (2006).
1753:
1732:
919:cinnamon-chested flycatcher
823:long-tailed mountain pigeon
125:2,428 m (7966 ft)
16:Island in Maluku, Indonesia
10:
3482:
2305:, Walter de Gruyter, 1994
1586:(4,453 ha, 2,368 tonnes),
1582:(5,724 ha, 2,742 tonnes),
1446:
1373:Republic of South Moluccas
1361:Republik Indonesia Serikat
1328:, the major town of Buru.
1316:Transition years 1942–1950
1196:
815:white-eyed imperial pigeon
628:The climate is equatorial
623:
304:province and includes the
18:
3240:
3177:
2016:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1933:Rufous-throated White-eye
1655:
791:rufous-necked sparrowhawk
236:
231:
209:
201:
193:
188:
177:
163:
153:
144:
139:
129:
121:
113:
103:
66:
56:
51:
42:
33:
2690:Vickers, Adrian (2005).
2656:Max Lane (10 May 2006).
2365:10.22459/sedl.10.2006.06
1363:RIS) established at the
1278:Dutch East India Company
1045:Dacrydium novo-guineense
675:Buru are three types of
393:Crown of the Netherlands
389:Dutch East India Company
3426:Ecoregions of Indonesia
3411:Australasian ecoregions
2405:"KMP – Kerusuhan Pecah"
1997:"Karakteristik Wilayah"
1805:Encyclopædia Britannica
1381:Republik Maluku Selatan
1341:State of East Indonesia
1289:ethnicity with its own
1078:Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
1056:Administrative division
875:Pachycephala griseonota
205:17.0/km (44/sq mi)
184: (pop. 37,869)
3130:. World Wildlife Fund.
3128:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1970:. World Wildlife Fund.
1968:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1686:
1678:
1401:
1380:
1360:
1349:Negara Indonesia Timur
1348:
1273:
1265:
1257:
1113:
1102:Kabupaten Buru Selatan
1101:
1089:
1077:
1070:Central Maluku Regency
1065:
795:Accipiter erythrauchen
747:Buru jungle flycatcher
685:Pteropus chrysoproctus
652:
581:
553:
545:
537:
529:
498:
490:
478:
470:
458:
446:
438:
292:to the north, west of
284:. It lies between the
232:Additional information
122:Highest elevation
3431:Ecoregions of Malesia
3035:"Prasarana Kesehatan"
2730:(in Indonesian). 2011
2411:on 16 September 2006.
1684:
1676:
1425:This Earth of Mankind
1414:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
1271:
1263:
1252:
939:Dicaeum erythrothorax
931:Locustella disturbans
723:blue-fronted lorikeet
719:Tanygnathus gramineus
696:lesser tube-nosed bat
643:
444:
432:
425:Geography and geology
413:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
197:215,277 (2020 Census)
88:3.42500°S 126.66750°E
21:Buru (disambiguation)
3102:Halmahera and beyond
3069:. SIL International.
3055:. SIL International.
2429:on 7 September 2006.
1938:4 March 2016 at the
1919:22 July 2011 at the
1901:23 July 2011 at the
1849:on 29 November 2009.
1387:As part of Indonesia
1337:Lesser Sunda Islands
995:Hopea novoguineensis
977:Anisoptera thurifera
887:dark-grey flycatcher
867:Philemon moluccensis
859:Myzomela wakoloensis
819:Ducula perspicillata
803:Megapodius forstenii
771:tawny-backed fantail
562:tropical rain forest
19:For other uses, see
3124:"Buru rain forests"
3087:on 19 October 2010.
3003:"Transportasi Laut"
2841:on 16 January 2013.
2664:on 6 February 2010.
2637:on 25 February 2011
2469:Shaub A.K. (1992).
1964:"Buru rain forests"
1218:, the ruler of the
1167:Indonesian language
1042:trees, and stunted
907:Coracina ceramensis
879:white-naped monarch
847:Moluccan masked owl
811:Megapodius wallacei
775:Rhipidura superflua
767:Zosterops buruensis
681:Moluccan flying fox
666:Babyrousa babyrussa
461:) on the north and
357:Indonesian language
93:-3.42500; 126.66750
84: /
30:
2898:on 19 August 2011.
2563:Karen Parker, J.D.
2532:"USAAF Chronology"
2453:The New York Times
2389:izc (6 May 2004).
1914:Black-lored Parrot
1825:"Pemekaran BURSEL"
1715:ibu kota kecamatan
1687:
1679:
1639:CASA C-212 Aviocar
1274:
1266:
1258:
1202:Precolonial period
1133:smaller island of
1094:South Buru Regency
1029:Melaleuca cajuputi
923:Ficedula buruensis
899:Oriolus bouroensis
895:black-eared oriole
783:Monarcha loricatus
759:Madanga ruficollis
751:Rhinomyias additus
735:Lichmera deningeri
727:Charmosyna toxopei
715:black-lored parrot
653:
447:
439:
264:(formerly spelled
178:Largest settlement
130:Highest point
28:
3393:
3392:
3041:on 28 March 2010.
3009:on 28 March 2010.
2991:on 28 March 2010.
2952:on 28 March 2010.
2934:on 28 March 2010.
2916:on 28 March 2010.
2859:on 28 March 2010.
2818:on 28 March 2010.
1744:SIL International
1609:(420 tonnes) and
1555:
1554:
1326:airport at Namlea
1322:Dutch East Indies
1220:Majapahit Kingdom
1163:Ambelau languages
1141:(33,000 people),
935:Buru flowerpecker
927:Buru bush warbler
883:Monarcha pileatus
839:Moluccan hawk-owl
807:Moluccan megapode
739:Buru cuckooshrike
700:Nyctimene minutus
692:Pteropus ocularis
594:Metamorphic rocks
518:Mount Kapalatmada
288:to the south and
259:
258:
134:Mount Kapalatmada
3473:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3131:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3021:"Bandara Namlea"
3017:
3011:
3010:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2877:on 9 April 2008.
2867:
2861:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2835:"Kabupaten Buru"
2831:
2820:
2819:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2797:on 21 July 2011.
2787:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2697:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2627:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2559:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:on 9 August 2011
2528:
2522:
2521:
2520:on 18 July 2011.
2514:"Sejarah Maluku"
2510:
2504:
2503:
2502:(in Indonesian).
2495:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2351:
2342:
2317:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2175:on 14 July 2011.
2165:
2159:
2158:
2157:on 21 July 2011.
2156:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2051:on 18 July 2011.
2041:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2003:on 9 April 2008.
1993:
1972:
1971:
1960:
1943:
1930:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1831:on 21 July 2011.
1821:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1705:), middle-type (
1451:
1450:
1007:Shorea montigena
954:Dipterocarpaceae
843:Ninox squamipila
711:Prioniturus mada
707:Buru racket-tail
645:Buru racket-tail
499:Kepulauan Maluku
433:Kayeli bay near
391:and then by the
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
47:
38:
31:
27:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3446:Outer Banda Arc
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3242:Maluku province
3236:
3173:
3168:
3122:
3119:
3097:
3095:Further reading
3092:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2946:"Perindustrian"
2944:
2943:
2939:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2688:
2684:
2673:
2669:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2573:on 26 July 2011
2560:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2496:
2492:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2460:
2445:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2349:
2343:
2320:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2283:on 14 July 2011
2273:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2253:on 16 July 2011
2245:
2244:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2213:on 21 July 2011
2210:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2087:on 27 July 2011
2079:
2078:
2074:
2069:on 28 May 2010.
2061:
2060:
2056:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1946:
1940:Wayback Machine
1931:
1927:
1921:Wayback Machine
1912:
1908:
1903:Wayback Machine
1894:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1813:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1784:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1735:
1671:
1658:
1627:
1457:Growth, %
1449:
1389:
1318:
1247:
1245:Colonial period
1208:Nagarakretagama
1204:
1199:
1130:
1066:Propinsi Maluku
1058:
1013:Shorea selanica
1001:Shorea assamica
915:Zoothera dumasi
903:pale cicadabird
891:Myiagra galeata
855:Wakolo myzomela
827:Gymnophaps mada
743:Coracina fortis
731:Buru honeyeater
689:Ceram fruit bat
638:
636:Flora and fauna
626:
427:
326:Namrole Airport
255:
149:
92:
90:
86:
83:
78:
75:
73:
71:
70:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3479:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3421:Prison islands
3418:
3413:
3408:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3171:Maluku Islands
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3144:
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1171:Malay language
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1090:Kabupaten Buru
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983:Hopea gregaria
945:and 7% of the
863:Buru friarbird
851:Tyto sororcula
799:dusky megapode
763:Buru white-eye
637:
634:
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871:drab whistler
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662:Buru babirusa
658:
657:biogeographic
651:to the island
650:
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362:Buru babirusa
358:
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345:Kayeli people
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210:Ethnic groups
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97:
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41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3269:
3179:North Maluku
3127:
3101:
3085:the original
3075:
3061:
3047:
3039:the original
3029:
3015:
3007:the original
2997:
2989:the original
2958:
2950:the original
2940:
2932:the original
2922:
2914:the original
2910:"Peternakan"
2904:
2896:the original
2875:the original
2865:
2857:the original
2853:"Perkebunan"
2847:
2839:the original
2816:the original
2795:the original
2758:. Retrieved
2753:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2727:
2718:
2693:
2685:
2676:
2670:
2662:the original
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2635:the original
2606:
2597:
2575:. Retrieved
2571:the original
2540:. Retrieved
2536:the original
2526:
2518:the original
2508:
2493:
2470:
2452:
2427:the original
2417:
2409:the original
2399:
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2354:
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2281:the original
2255:. Retrieved
2251:the original
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2208:the original
2195:
2181:
2173:the original
2163:
2152:the original
2139:
2122:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:the original
2075:
2067:the original
2057:
2049:the original
2039:
2014:
2009:
2001:the original
1967:
1928:
1909:
1855:
1847:the original
1837:
1829:the original
1803:
1776:Waeapo River
1740:
1736:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1659:
1647:
1636:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1600:
1568:sweet potato
1564:Buru Regency
1560:
1556:
1437:Waeapo River
1430:
1423:
1419:Buru Quartet
1417:
1411:
1390:
1369:
1330:
1319:
1310:
1299:
1295:
1275:
1233:people from
1224:
1212:Old Javanese
1205:
1191:
1175:Melayu Ambon
1174:
1149:(6,000) and
1131:
1118:
1106:
1082:Buru Regency
1059:
1050:
1043:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
989:Hopea iriana
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
956:, genera of
951:
947:Papilionidae
938:
930:
922:
914:
906:
898:
890:
882:
874:
866:
858:
850:
842:
834:
826:
818:
810:
802:
794:
782:
779:Buru monarch
774:
766:
758:
750:
742:
734:
726:
718:
710:
704:
699:
691:
684:
669:
665:
654:
627:
586:
573:
566:
558:
554:Pulau Tomahu
530:Pulau Tengah
515:
507:
483:Seram Island
479:Selat Manipa
448:
437:in July 1949
418:Buru Quartet
416:
386:
372:, coconuts,
366:sweet potato
330:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
202:Pop. density
189:Demographics
146:
25:
2928:"Perikanan"
2871:"Kehutanan"
2812:"Pertanian"
2315:PDF version
1725:(a kind of
1693:, deer and
1302:Dutch crown
1216:Hayam Wuruk
911:Buru thrush
505:and Seram.
491:Pulau Seram
353:Sunni Islam
335:, but also
104:Archipelago
91: /
79:126°40′03″E
67:Coordinates
3400:Categories
2641:3 November
2577:3 November
2542:3 November
2287:3 November
2257:3 November
2091:20 October
1782:References
1630:Province,
1406:communists
1398:Indonesian
1377:Indonesian
1357:Indonesian
1345:Indonesian
1264:Clove tree
1214:eulogy to
1145:(13,000),
1128:Population
1110:Indonesian
1098:Indonesian
1086:Indonesian
1074:Indonesian
1062:Indonesian
835:Eos bornea
582:Danau Rana
578:Indonesian
550:Indonesian
542:Indonesian
538:Pulau Fogi
534:Indonesian
526:Indonesian
495:Indonesian
487:Indonesian
475:Indonesian
471:Laut Banda
467:Indonesian
459:Laut Seram
455:Indonesian
445:Kayeli Bay
376:, coffee,
310:South Buru
194:Population
172:South Buru
76:03°25′30″S
3345:Nusa Laut
3192:Halmahera
2728:detiknews
2479:cite book
2117:pp. 83–92
2025:cite book
1707:hum-lolin
1034:limestone
1024:epiphytes
671:Babyrousa
630:monsoonal
618:Organosol
610:limestone
569:Apo River
546:Pulau Oki
503:Halmahera
463:Banda Sea
451:Seram Sea
409:New Order
290:Seram Sea
286:Banda Sea
282:Indonesia
250:UTC+09:00
238:Time zone
164:Regencies
147:Indonesia
52:Geography
3456:Wallacea
3380:Watubela
3370:Tanimbar
2313:p. 260,
2217:16 March
1936:Archived
1917:Archived
1899:Archived
1754:See also
1733:Research
1711:fen-lale
1703:hum-tapa
1699:hum-hawa
1611:mackerel
1607:sardines
1576:soybeans
1551:157.709
1540:150.767
1529:144.470
1518:137.851
1507:132.821
1496:128.610
1485:124.989
1474:123.657
1402:Soeharto
1333:Sulawesi
1291:language
1235:Sulawesi
1231:Makassar
1183:Hukumina
943:Pieridae
831:red lory
589:Cenozoic
540:), Oki (
501:) after
154:Province
57:Location
3375:Tayandu
3355:Saparua
3250:Ambelau
3227:Ternate
3212:Morotai
2760:30 July
2734:28 July
1650:asphalt
1603:buffalo
1447:Economy
1394:Suharto
1227:Ternate
1197:History
1147:Ambelau
1135:Ambalau
1121:Ambalau
755:madanga
649:endemic
624:Climate
522:Ambalau
481:) from
405:Suharto
341:Ambelau
318:Namrole
222:Ambelau
61:Oceania
3350:Romang
3325:Manipa
3305:Kelang
3295:Haruku
3290:Gorong
3232:Tidore
3207:Makian
3108:
2754:KOMPAS
2706:
2372:
2309:
2113:
1800:"Buru"
1723:sarong
1695:possum
1656:Health
1592:nutmeg
1287:Kayeli
1187:Kayeli
1159:Lisela
1143:Lisela
1114:bupati
1092:) and
1039:Shorea
971:Vatica
965:Shorea
933:) and
777:) and
614:Podsol
606:arkose
602:schist
511:Namlea
435:Namlea
382:nutmeg
337:Lisela
314:Namlea
302:Maluku
266:Boeroe
226:Kayeli
218:Lisela
182:Namlea
158:Maluku
3385:Wetar
3365:Serua
3360:Seram
3330:Manuk
3320:Liran
3310:Kisar
3285:Damar
3280:Banda
3275:Babar
3265:Boano
3255:Ambon
3197:Kayoa
3187:Bacan
2350:(PDF)
2211:(PDF)
2204:(PDF)
2155:(PDF)
2148:(PDF)
2131:(PDF)
1632:Ambon
1588:clove
1584:cocoa
1572:beans
1548:4.60
1545:2008
1537:4.36
1534:2007
1526:4.80
1523:2006
1515:3.79
1512:2005
1504:3.27
1501:2004
1493:2.90
1490:2003
1482:1.08
1479:2002
1471:0.38
1468:2001
1454:Year
1306:rajas
1283:clove
1254:Clove
1239:clove
1210:– an
959:Hopea
598:slate
401:rajas
397:clove
378:clove
374:cocoa
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