33:
361:, and was exhibited in Paris in 1798. In this painting, Girodet evokes the tensions of the period. Belley, standing, wears the uniform of a Convention member, with a tropical landscape behind him, and has a stylish relaxed pose, as favoured in many French political portraits of Revolutionary politicians. His elbow rests on a bust of the philosopher
286:) elected to the French National Convention by the northern region of Saint-Domingue, together with Jean-Baptiste Mills, of mixed race, and Louis-Pierre Dufaÿ, a European, thus becoming the first black deputy to take a seat in the convention. On 3 February 1794, he spoke in a debate in the Convention when it decided unanimously to
559:
The club of reactionary colonial proprietors meeting since July 1789 at the Hôtel
Massiac werere opposed to representation in the Assemblée of France's overseas dominions, for fear "that this would expose delicate colonial issues to the hazards of debate in the Assembly," as Robin Blackburn expressed
293:
However, the formal abolition of slavery did not disarm the
Bourbon Government supporters, and the war continued. Although he was recognized as a full citizen of the Republic, Belley was an active spokesman for black people. When Benoît Gouly, a pro-slavery deputy from
313:
In a declaration of age and marital status for the representatives of Saint-Domingue in the convention, Belley says that he was born at Gorée, is forty-eight years old, has never left the territory of the republic, and has lived forty six years at
244:, Senegal, but the precise dates of his birth and death are uncertain. At the age of two, he was sold to slavers sailing for the French colony of Saint-Domingue. With his savings, he later bought his freedom.
326:, 1 October 1795), Belley declares that from the Republic he has only his 'emoluments', that he has bought no property, and that he owns only the contents of his room.
579:
742:
717:
268:
32:
737:
310:. He succeeded for a time in maintaining the Republican principle of equality between people in France and in its colonies, whatever their colour.
722:
624:
539:
687:
582:, President of the Electors of Paris, who received the keys to the fallen Bastille, which were later presented to another slaveholder,
302:, called for special laws for the French colonies, Belley denounced a pressure group of colonists meeting at the Hôtel Massiac called
732:
282:, fought against the Bourbon forces of Saint-Domingue and was six times wounded. On 24 September 1793, he was one of three members (
463:
376:, purchased with funds from the Joseph and Helen Regenstein Foundation in 1973. The portrait was used for the dust cover of
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42:
747:
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A Philosophical and
Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies
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329:
Belley remained as a
Convention member until 1797, when he lost his seat. He returned to Saint-Domingue with
595:"The planters' cloven hoof revealed, or the Hôtel Massiac project published by Gouly". The "ear-tip", the
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L'histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes
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393:
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341:. He was still being held prisoner there in 1805 when he wrote to Isaac Louverture, the son of
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439:. New Orleans: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana. p. 12.
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369:(1770). Raynal, who had just died, had been a supporter of the abolition of slavery.
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Le Bout d'oreille des colons, ou le système de l’Hôtel
Massiac mis à jour par Gouly
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Un petit bout d'oreille, echappé par malheur, / Découvrit la fourbe et l'erreur...
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611:(A small bit of ear-tip, unluckily escaped, uncovered the ruse and the error...).
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The Birth of the Modern World 1780–1914: Global
Connections and Comparisons
382:
The Birth of the Modern World 1780–1914: Global
Connections and Comparisons
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Belley was said to have been born on 1 July 1746 or 1747 on the island of
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635:, Paris, photograph online at histoire-image.org, accessed 7 August 2008
550:, Paris, photograph online at histoire-image.org, accessed 7 August 2008
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A drawing by
Girodet for the portrait in ink and black chalk is in the
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of 1789, they began to see that slavery would need to be abolished.
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Jean-Baptiste Belley, député de Saint-Domingue à la
Convention
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The Road to
Louisiana: The Saint-Domingue Refugees, 1792-1809
267:. As their fellow revolutionaries in France thought the
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318:. In a 'declaration of fortune' dated at Paris on 10
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online at jama.ama-assn.org, accessed 7 August 2008
564:(1988:174f). These opponents of the anti-slavery
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353:In about 1797, Belley's portrait was painted by
743:Prisoners who died in French military detention
480:online at history.ac.uk, accessed 7 August 2008
688:Jean-Baptiste Belley and French Republicanism
523:at histoire-image.org, accessed 7 August 2008
562:The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776-1848
394:page on the French National Assembly website
69:24 September 1793 – 26 October 1795
662:Journal of the American Medical Association
435:Carl A. Brasseaux, Glenn R. Conrad (1992).
110:26 October 1795 – 26 December 1799
718:Deputies to the French National Convention
503:at safran-arts.com, accessed 7 August 2008
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633:Centre historique des Archives nationales
548:Centre historique des Archives nationales
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37:Belley with a bust of the abolitionist
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306:in a speech published under the title
537:Declaration of age and marital status
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192:(c. July 1746 – 6 August 1805) was a
16:Saint Dominican and French politician
607:("The Ass Dressed in a Lion Skin"):
501:Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy~Trioson
355:Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson
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196:and French politician. A native of
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212:, he was an elected member of the
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733:People of the Haitian Revolution
269:Declaration of the Rights of Man
263:, aimed at the overthrow of the
664:Vol. 296, No. 2, 12 July 2006,
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345:. He died later the same year.
631:, manuscript conserved at the
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546:, manuscript conserved at the
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605:L'Ane vêtu d'une Peau de Lion
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384:(Oxford: Blackwell, 2004).
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586:(noted by Blackburn, 174).
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374:Art Institute of Chicago
656:Southgate, M. Therese,
365:(1713–1796), author of
363:Guillaume-Thomas Raynal
249:Saint Dominican Creoles
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228:. He was also known as
222:Council of Five Hundred
98:Council of Five Hundred
622:Declaration of fortune
409:"Jean-Baptiste Belley"
274:In 1793, Belley was a
570:Pierre-Victor Malouet
226:French First Republic
753:Haitian slave owners
658:Jean-Baptiste Belley
580:Moreau de Saint-Méry
357:, a former pupil of
343:Toussaint Louverture
190:Jean-Baptiste Belley
25:Jean-Baptiste Belley
359:Jacques-Louis David
218:National Convention
116:Parliamentary group
75:Parliamentary group
57:National Convention
682:Portrait of Belley
572:, a leader of the
210:French West Indies
152:, French Senegal,
713:People from Dakar
684:at abcgallery.com
603:'s couplet, from
584:George Washington
460:Hall, Catherine,
414:National Assembly
378:Christopher Bayly
259:; they incited a
253:French Revolution
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147:c. July 1746
127:Constituency
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708:1805 deaths
601:La Fontaine
575:monarchiens
478:C. A. Bayly
320:Vendémiaire
224:during the
697:Categories
471:Review of
388:References
251:began the
220:, and the
620:(French)
568:included
535:(French)
517:(French)
339:Belle Île
335:gendarmes
296:Mauritius
247:In 1791,
208:, in the
170:Le Palais
106:In office
80:The Plain
65:In office
625:Archived
540:Archived
464:Archived
380:'s book
349:Portrait
280:infantry
202:enslaved
174:Brittany
666:extract
298:in the
284:deputés
276:captain
198:Senegal
43:Girodet
647:(1770)
578:, and
420:17 May
216:, the
45:, 1797
476:, by
242:Gorée
150:Gorée
422:2021
324:viz.
236:Life
230:Mars
160:Died
144:Born
660:in
278:of
255:in
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508:^
485:^
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